MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICALEDUCATION

(MSBTE)

GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, JINTUR

Academic Year-2023-2024
DIPLOMA in COMPUTER ENGINEERING

A PROJECT REPORT OF EMERGING TRENDS IN COMPUTER

ENGINEERING
(Prepare a list of polluted natural resources which are responsible for pollution and collect
information on how to manage them)
TOWARDS THE PARTIAL FULLFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS OF
DIPLOMA (COMPUTER ENGINEERING)

Name of Student Roll Number Enrollment Number

Devkar Ajinkya Sunil 315 2100940040

Kate Omkar Nanabhau 317 2100940044

Wavhal Shubham Mariba 310 2000940093

 MAHARASHTRA STATE BOARD OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION
(MSBTE)

Certificate of Completion of Micro-project

This is to Certify that Student

Name of Student Roll Number Enrollment Number

Devkar Ajinkya Sunil 315 2100940040

Kate Omkar Nanabhau 317 2100940044

Wavhal Shubham Mariba 310 2000940093

(Prepare a list of polluted natural resources which are responsible for pollution and collect
information on how to manage them) For Environmental Studies for partial fulfilment
towards completion of diploma in computer engineering for the academic year 2023-
2024. from Government Polytechnic, Jintur Institute code (0094)

Kamble Mam Prof. P. B. Kale Sir R.T. Pachkor Sir

(Project Guide) (H.O.D) (Principal)
 GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC, JINTUR

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that the report submitted by

Roll No student of Fifth Semester Diploma Course in
COMPUTER ENGINEERING as a part of Micro Project work as prescribed by the
MSBTE, Mumbai For the subject AJP under which Micro-Project “Music player using
advanced java programming” completed and that I have guided him for the said work from
time to time during academic year 2023-2024 and I found him to be Satisfactorily progressive
and the following students were associated him for this work, however his contribution was
proportionate.
 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

This project is done as a semester micro project, as a part course titled EST, we are really
thankful to our principal ………………………….... and the HOD PROF. P.B. KALE
SIR, Computer Engineering Department, Government Polytechnic, Jintur, for his
invaluable guidance and assistance, without which the accomplishment of the task would
have never been possible.

We also thank PROF. Kamble Mam for giving this opportunity to explore into the real
world and realize the interrelation without which a project can never progress. In our
present project we have chosen the topic “Prepare a list of polluted natural resources
which are responsible for pollution and collect information on how to manage them”.
We are also thankful to our friends and all our staff of Computer Engineering Department,
for providing us relevant information and necessary clarifications, and great support.
What are Environmental Issues?

Any human activity brings along with it, many side effects. One aspect of itcould bring
about development while the other side of the coin could be a detrimental effect. These
unfavourable changes often lead to environmentalissues that affect the natural balance
of the environment.

We can define environmental issues as the harmful effects of any human activity on the
environment. This includes both the biological and physical aspects of the environment. Air
pollution, water pollution, natural environment pollution, garbage pollution, etc. are some of
the major environmental issues that are causingimmense concern.

To tackle these environmental issues, protecting the environment is very vital. This not only
helps in preventing the detrimental effects but also helps us to conserve the natural
resources and natural environment for future generations.Protection of the environment is
not only a social movement but is also backedby various laws that have been passed to
ensure that humans do not misuse theresources any longer.

Polluted Natural resources:--

1. Water
2. Soil
3. Air
Natural resources :--

1. Water

While the earth may be mostly water, only about 2-1/2 percent of it is fresh water. Of that
2.5%, even less is considered to be potable. Potable water iswater that is considered to be
safe to drink and cook with. While many countries are working to build water treatment
plants, the fact is that due tochanges in the climate the amount of rain and ice melts from
winter have
dropped off and lowered the reserve supplies of freshwater to be treated. There are
initiatives to educate and regulate the use of water in the world, aswell as exploration into
the technology of water farming in arid countries too.

1. Air
Clean air is necessary for the existence of life on this planet. It is essential for the existence of
plants, animals and wildlife. It is important to reduce air pollution as polluted air degrades the
environment and can enter our body andcan cause health related problems. There are number
of ways to keep the air clean and reduce air pollution like riding bus instead of using your
own vehicle, carpooling etc. Read here more about causes and effects of air pollution.

2. Coal
Coal is estimated to be able to last less than 200 more years. One of the issues is that as
countries such as China increase their demands on the coal supply it will dwindle faster. Coal
is also the major source of air pollutant in theworld so there is much discussion about
regulating its usage. The problem is it is one of the cheapest sources of fuel for industrial
applications.

3. Oil
The general estimate is that with the projected rate of consumption of oil supplies and
known resources that there is enough to last for 30-40 more years. While many in the oil
industry are pushing to be allowed to frack and drill in protected areas to look for
undiscovered oil fields, little has been done to address the question of what will happen to
the Earth’s crust when the fields are empty and there are large empty cavities beneath the
Earth. Even if
new fields and methods of oil extraction are discovered, geologists project thatit would be
impossible for the Earth to have an unlimited supply of oil. It takes
millions of years for oil to be created; there is no way of speeding up thatprocess.

4. Natural Gas
Natural gas reserves are doing only slightly better than oil, it is estimated thatthere is
enough to last for 60 years. Gas is a much cleaner fuel source than oil, which has led to an
increased level of consumption of it as an alternative fuel, but it still stands to run out
quickly.

5. Phosphoros
Phosphorus comes from phosphate rock and is used to grow all of our foodand crops.
Unfortunately, phosphate rock is only found in three places on Earth – the US, China and
Morocco. The projected lifespan of the current known resources is about a 100 years.
There has not been significant research in developing new and safe fertilizers that can be
effective replacements for phosphorus.

6. Other Minerals
Other minerals like gypsum, bauxite, phosphate, bentonite, mica, titanium, zirconium are
found in sea beds along the coastal plains. Rare earth elementslike scandium and terbium are
two of the earth powerful minerals that are used in wind turbines and electronic circuits in
smartphones. Coastal plains contains deposits of potassium carbonate and rare elements like
cerium and neodymium.

7. Iron

Iron is also in limited supply. It is made from elements such as silica which then have to be
heated to create the pig iron that industrialization depends on.Iron was the most important
natural resource on earth during ancient ages. It
allowed people at that time to build stronger weapons, better transportation and taller
buildings. Both iron and steel are still used in modern day industries.

8. Soil
Another important natural resource is soil. Soil is composed of many differentparticles and
nutrients in the soil helps plants grow. Apart from this, soil can also be used to provide
shelter. A pile of garbage along with some soil when placed in worm compost bin, creates
nutrient rich soil that helps in growth of plants and makes them healthy.

9. Forest and Timber

As the world gets more modern and population grows, there is more of a demand for housing
and construction projects. This reduces open green spaces. Forests are necessary to preserve
the ecology of the world that supports all of the natural resources and life. Forests also play a
critical role inproviding clean air and the lumber that builds the homes.

How to Control Pollution ?

(1) By means of equipments, apart from disposal of pollutants, recycling of wastecould

also be done. In case of automobile exhaust system, suitable gadgets could also be
provided which will not only arrest pollution but will also reduce fuel consumption.

(2) The generated pollutants from industries must be arrested before they are passed into
the air. This involves selection of proper equipment for treating waste as well as
arresting pollutants. The heat generated in the process shouldalso be channelised to
useful purposes.

(3) There are some industries which collect the dust and convert the same into saleable
goods. There are others which produce the waste which could be converted into useful
by products. We have in hand example of gobar gas plantwhere gas is converted into
energy.
(4) The metal oxides and metals such as Cr, V, Cd, Cu, and Fe etc. can be easily absorbed
by serpentine mineral or bark of some trees and thus effluent can befree from metallic
species. A process has been developed in Water Pollution Lab.

(5) For the treatment of odourous air, the sketch of a plant has been suggested inthe book
– Air Pollution by Kudesia.

(6) For reducing the noise pollution, suggestions given above should be adopted atonce.

(7) The Govt. should be persuaded to provide cleaner fuels for manufacture of
smokeless coal briquettes by low temperature carbonization of poor quality lignites
available locally.

(8) The Govt. should provide facilities to increase hydroelectric power wherever possible
and bio gas production for rural areas to reduce pollution. The contribution of nuclear
power is at present about 3% and it should be increasedslowly by taking all
precautions.

(9) The garbage in big cities should be treated with cobalt rays. This can reduce the
pollution load to about 60% in cities.
(10) Incorporation of improved process design will increase the longevity of equipment.
There should be deeper investigation in the process designs not only to achieve cost
reduction or waste saving, but also the more important obligation to the society and
the environment resulting in safeguarding the inhabitants’ health as well as the
greeneries etc. in and around such industrialsetups.

(11) Govt. should encourage scientific societies and scientific newspapers to create
awareness among people about pollution and environment.

(12) Organic waste solid can be composted. The poisonous waste should be buriedin the
well-protected areas.

(13) Massive research and development effort should be instituted in the institutes ofhigher
learning and by the Govt. so that appropriate, low cost and effective methods of
pollution control can be achieved.
 (14) Extensive training programmes should be set up to prepare technicians andscientist
in pollution control for different types of industries.

(15) Encourage industries to avoid pollutant formation at the very source by use ofcleaner
fuels, the adoption of less polluting materials and technology in manufacture.

(16) Localise the spread of pollutants in the indoor working environment as for as
possible.

(17) Allow discharge of pollutants to the ambient environment to the extent possibleto
benefit from disposal by dilution. (This involves proper site selection; availability of
meteorological and other data, etc.).

(18) Require installation of control equipment only if possible; encourage

installationthrough tax benefits.

(19) Prompt development of supporting infrastructures.

(20) Adoption of least polluting technology:

A similar strategy must be followed with regard to process emissions in order to reduce
the every formation of pollutants by adopting the least polluting technologywherever
possible. It is here that the various industry associations on best help themselves.

How to control air pollution

• Conserve energy - at home, at work, everywhere.

• Look for the ENERGY STAR label when buying home or office equipment. ∙
• Carpool, use public transportation, bike, or walk whenever possible. ∙ Follow gasoline
refueling instructions for efficient vapor recovery, being careful not tospill fuel and
always tightening your gas cap securely.
• Consider purchasing portable gasoline containers labeled “spill-proof,” where
available.
• Keep car, boat, and other engines properly tuned.
• Be sure your tires are properly inflated.
• Use environmentally safe paints and cleaning products whenever possible. ∙
• Mulch or compost leaves and yard waste.
• Consider using gas logs instead of wood.
 How to control water pollution

• DO NOT pour fat from cooking or any other type of fat, oil, or grease down the
sink. Keep a “fat jar” under the sink to collect the fat and discard in the solid
waste when full.
• DO NOT dispose of household chemicals or cleaning agents down the sinkor toilet.
Simsbury has a Hazardous Waste Collection day usually from8:00am to 1:00pm at
Henry James School. Connecticut Resource Recovery Authority lists all collection
dates.
• DO NOT flush pills, liquid or powder medications or drugs down the toilet. For
recommendations on proper disposal for all types of medicalwastes, visit the CT
DEP publication here.
• Avoid using the toilet as a wastebasket. Most tissues, wrappers, dust cloths, and
other paper goods should be properly discarded in a wastebasket. The fiber
reinforced cleaning products that have becomepopular should never be discarded in
the toilet.
• Avoid using a garbage disposal. Keep solid wastes solid. Make acompost
pile from vegetable scraps.
• Install a water efficient toilet. In the meantime, put a brick or 1/2 gal container in
the standard toilet tank to reduce water use per flush. ∙ Runthe dishwasher or
clothes washer only when you have a full load. This conserves electricity and
water.
• Use the minimum amount of detergent and/or bleach when you arewashing
clothes or dishes. Use only phosphate free soaps and detergents.

How to control Soil pollution

• Use of correct farming techniques

• Recycling of Waste before disposal

• Proper disposal method of household and industrial waste ∙ Use oforganic

fertilizers instead of chemical fertilizers and pesticides ∙ Community education

and awareness

• Proper maintenance of sewage system