MEAMTA2

Learning Unit 2. Tutorial-Memorandum

Example 1: Determination of the minimum representative sample size required in kg
treated in the plant

Cd3
M= 2
S
C= f∗g∗l∗m

L
l=√
d

1−a
m= [(1 − a)r + at]
a

𝐖𝐡𝐞𝐫𝐞:
M = minimum representative sample size;
C = the sampling constant;
d = the material top size = 25mm ;
S = the relative sampling error = standard deviation = 2S;
SA = absloute sampling error = 0.1% ;
f = the shape factor = 0.5;
g = factor depending on the particles size distribution= 0.25;
l = liberation factor;
m = the composition factor;
a = the fractional 𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐥 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐭 = 5.8%;
μ = the average 𝐦𝐞𝐭𝐚𝐥 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐭𝐞𝐧𝐭 = 5%;
r = the mineral density = 7.5
t = the overall density = material density = 2.65
L = mineral length = 150μm
𝟏𝐬𝐭 𝐒𝐭𝐞𝐩: 𝐃𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐢𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫 (𝐥)

𝐋
𝐥=√
𝐝

𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝟓𝐜𝐦
𝐥=√
𝟐. 𝟓 𝐜𝐦

𝐥 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟕𝟕

𝟐𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐭𝐞𝐩: 𝐃𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫 (𝐦)

1−a
m= [(1 − a)r + at]
a
1 − 0.058
m= [(1 − 0.058) ∗ 7.5 + (0.058 ∗ 2.65)]
0.058

0.942
m= [(0.942) ∗ 7.5 + (0.154)]
0.058
m = 16.24 ∗ [(7.065) + (0.154)]
m = 16.24 ∗ [7.219]

m = 117.219
𝟑𝐫𝐝 𝐒𝐭𝐞𝐩: 𝐂𝐚𝐥𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭 (𝐂)
C = fglm
C = 0.5 ∗ 0.25 ∗ 0.077 ∗ 117.219
C = 1.128

𝟒𝐭𝐡 𝐒𝐭𝐞𝐩: 𝐂𝐚𝐥𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐬𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐞𝐫𝐫𝐨𝐫 (𝐒)

𝐒𝐀 = 𝐒 ∗ 𝛍
𝟎. 𝟏 = 𝟐𝐒 ∗ 𝟓
𝟎. 𝟏 = 𝟐𝐒 ∗ 𝟓
𝟎. 𝟏
𝐒= = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏
𝟏𝟎
𝐒 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟏

𝟓𝐭𝐡 𝐒𝐭𝐞𝐩: 𝐂𝐚𝐥𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐦𝐮𝐦 𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐬𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐬𝐢𝐳𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐤𝐠 (𝐌)

Cd3
M=
S2

Cd3
M=
S2
1.128 ∗ (2.5)3
M= = 176250 g
(0.01)2

M = 176.250 kg
Example 2: Calculation of the relative sampling error (𝐒)
ML Cd3
= 2
L S
C= f∗g∗l∗m

L
l=√
d

1−a
m= [(1 − a)r + at]
a
𝟏𝐬𝐭 𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐩: 𝐂𝐚𝐥𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐢𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫(𝐥)
The liberation factor (l) has been calculated and has been found equal to 0.5 as per the question
𝟐𝐧𝐝 𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐩: 𝐂𝐚𝐥𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫 (𝐦)

1−a
m= [(1 − a)r + at]
a
1 − 0.13
m= [(1 − 0.13)4.5 + 0.13 ∗ 3.5]
0.13
0.87
𝑚= [(0.87) ∗ 4.5 + 0.455]
0.13
0.87
𝑚= [(0.87) ∗ 4.5 + 0.455]
0.13
0.87
𝑚= [4.37]
0.13

𝑚 = 29.25
Note:
a = the fractional ash content = 13% = 0.13
1ml = 1cc
1l = 1dm3
1g 1g
=
cc cm3
𝟑𝐫𝐝 𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐩: 𝐂𝐚𝐥𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭 (𝐂)
C= f∗g∗l∗m
C = 0.5 ∗ 0.5 ∗ 0.5 ∗ 29.25
C = 3.656

𝟒𝐭𝐡 𝐂𝐚𝐥𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐬𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐞𝐫𝐫𝐨𝐫 (𝐒)

ML Cd3
= 2
L S
Cd3 (L − M)
S2 =
ML

2
3.656 ∗ 103 (2993694 − 27215.4)
S =
27215.4 ∗ 2993694
S 2 = 0.133

S = √0.133 = 0.365 = 36.5%

Note:
d = 10cm
M = 60 lbs = 60 ∗ 453.59 = 27215.4g
L = 6600lbs = 6600 ∗ 453.59 = 2993694g
The variance (S 2 ) has been used in the calculation instead of the standard deviation (S)
Because the computation took into account the mass of the lot (2993694 g).
The composition factor m may have unit or not depending on the density unit.
1−a
m= [(1 − a)r + at]
a

1 − a (1 − a)g 𝑔
m= [ 3
+a∗ ]
a 𝑐𝑚 𝑐𝑚3
N Ng 𝑁𝑔
m= [ 3+ ]
N 𝑐𝑚 𝑐𝑚3
 𝑁𝑔
m= [ ]
𝑐𝑚3

Example 3: Determination of the absolute error

The Characteristics/properties of a cassiterite ore originated from the eastern DRC are summarized
in table below:

Material of Interest (SnO2) in a pegmatite matrix

Average grade of typical cassiterite ore:0.7% Sn (0.889% SnO2)

Size distribution:
Top Size:1.5 cm
Broad size distribution (d/d’>4)
SnO2 grain size:0.01cm

SnO2 Specific gravity :7.0

Overall ore specific gravity:2.8

Regular shape of valuable mineral grain (shape factor:0.5)

Cd3
M=
S2
C= f∗g∗l∗m

L
l=√
d

1−a
m= [(1 − a)r + at]
a
𝟏𝐬𝐭 𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐩: 𝐝𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐢𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫 (𝐥)

L
l=√
d

0.01
l=√
1.5

l = 0.082

𝟐𝐧𝐝 𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐩: 𝐝𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫 (𝐦)

1−a
m= [(1 − a)r + at]
a

1 − 0.00889
m= [(1 − 0.00889) ∗ 7.0 + 0.00889 ∗ 2.8]
0.00889

m = 775.504
𝟑𝐫𝐝 𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐩: 𝐝𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭 (𝐂)
C= f∗g∗l∗m
C = 0.5 ∗ 0.25 ∗ 0.082 ∗ 775.504
C = 7.949
𝟒𝐭𝐡 𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐩: 𝐝𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐝𝐞𝐯𝐢𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
M= 12 kg
Cd3
M= 2
S
7.945 ∗ (1.5)3
12000 =
(S)2
7.945 ∗ 3.375
12000 =
S2
12000 ∗ 𝑆 2 = 7.945 ∗ 3.375
 7.945 ∗ 3.375
𝑆2 =
12000
26.814
𝑆2 =
12000
𝑆 2 = 0.002

S = √0.002
S = 0.044 = 4.4%
𝟓𝐭𝐡 𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐩: 𝐝𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐛𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐞 𝐬𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐞𝐫𝐫𝐨𝐫
𝐒𝐀 = 𝟐𝐒 ∗ 𝛍
𝐒𝐀 = 𝟐 ∗ 𝟒. 𝟔 ∗ 𝟎. 𝟕
𝐒𝐀 = ±𝟔. 𝟒𝟒 %

Example 4. Calculation of the minimum sample size (M)

𝟏𝐬𝐭 𝐒𝐭𝐞𝐩: 𝐃𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐢𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫 (𝐥)

𝐋
𝐥=√
𝐝

𝟎. 𝟎𝟏𝐜𝐦
𝐥=√
𝟏. 𝟓 𝐜𝐦

𝐥 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟖𝟐

𝟐𝐧𝐝 𝐒𝐭𝐞𝐩: 𝐃𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫 (𝐦)

 1−a
m= [(1 − a)r + at]
a
1 − 0.043
m= [(1 − 0.043) ∗ 3.2 + (0.043 ∗ 1.8)]
0.043

0.957
m= [(0.957) ∗ 3.2 + (0.077)]
0.043
m = 22.256 ∗ [(3.062) + (0.077)]
m = 22.256 ∗ [3.139] = 69.862

m = 69.862

𝟑𝐫𝐝 𝐒𝐭𝐞𝐩: 𝐂𝐚𝐥𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭 (𝐂)

C = fglm
C = 0.5 ∗ 0.25 ∗ 0.082 ∗ 69.862
C = 0.716
𝟒𝐭𝐡 𝐒𝐭𝐞𝐩: 𝐂𝐚𝐥𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐫𝐞𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐬𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐞𝐫𝐫𝐨𝐫 (𝐒)

𝐒𝐀 = 𝐒 ∗ 𝛍
𝟎. 𝟏 = 𝟐𝐒 ∗ 𝟓
𝟎. 𝟎𝟐 = 𝟐𝐒 ∗ 𝟓
𝟎. 𝟎𝟐
𝐒= = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟐
𝟏𝟎
𝐒 = 𝟎. 𝟎𝟎𝟐

𝟓𝐭𝐡 𝐒𝐭𝐞𝐩: 𝐂𝐚𝐥𝐜𝐮𝐥𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐢𝐦𝐮𝐦 𝐫𝐞𝐩𝐫𝐞𝐬𝐞𝐧𝐭𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐯𝐞 𝐬𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐞 𝐬𝐢𝐳𝐞 𝐢𝐧 𝐤𝐠 (𝐌)

Cd3
M= 2
S
 Cd3
M= 2
S
0.716 ∗ (1.5)3
M= = 604125 g
(0.002)2

M = 604.125 kg

Example 5. Calculation of the absolute sampling error

𝟏𝐬𝐭 𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐩: 𝐝𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐢𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫 (𝐥)

L
l=√
d

0.01
l=√
1.8

l = 0.006

𝟐𝐧𝐝 𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐩: 𝐝𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫 (𝐦)

1−a
m= [(1 − a)r + at]
a

1 − 0.05
m= [(1 − 0.05) ∗ 5.3 + (0.05 ∗ 2.8)]
0.05
m = 19 [5.035 + 0.14]
m = 19 [5.175]

m = 98.325
𝟑𝐫𝐝 𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐩: 𝐝𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭 (𝐂)
C= f∗g∗l∗m
C = 0.5 ∗ 0.25 ∗ 0.006 ∗ 98.325
C = 0.074
𝟒𝐭𝐡 𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐩: 𝐝𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐝𝐞𝐯𝐢𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
M= 24 kg
Cd3
M=
S2
0.074 ∗ (1.8)3
24000 =
(S)2
0.432
24000 =
(S)2
24000 ∗ 𝑆 2 = 0.432

0.432
𝑆2 =
24000
𝑆 2 = 0.000

S = √0.000
S = 0%
2S = 0%
𝟓𝐭𝐡 𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐩: 𝐝𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐚𝐛𝐬𝐨𝐥𝐮𝐭𝐞 𝐬𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐞𝐫𝐫𝐨𝐫
𝐒𝐀 = 𝟐𝐒 ∗ 𝛍
𝐒𝐀 = 𝟎 ∗ 𝟐. 𝟓
𝐒𝐀 = ±𝟎 %

Example 6. Calculation of the standard deviation

Cd3
M=
S2
C= f∗g∗l∗m

L
l=√
d

1−a
m= [(1 − a)r + at]
a
𝟏𝐬𝐭 𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐩: 𝐝𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐥𝐢𝐛𝐞𝐫𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫 (𝐥)

0.93
l=√
1.25

l = 0.863

𝟐𝐧𝐝 𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐩: 𝐝𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐜𝐨𝐦𝐩𝐨𝐬𝐢𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐟𝐚𝐜𝐭𝐨𝐫 (𝐦)

1−a
m= [(1 − a)r + at]
a
m = 170 (given)

𝟑𝐫𝐝 𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐩: 𝐝𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐚𝐦𝐩𝐥𝐢𝐧𝐠 𝐜𝐨𝐧𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐭 (𝐂)

C= f∗g∗l∗m
C = 0.2 ∗ 0.25 ∗ 0.863 ∗ 170
C = 7.336
𝟒𝐭𝐡 𝐬𝐭𝐞𝐩: 𝐝𝐞𝐭𝐞𝐫𝐦𝐢𝐧𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐡𝐞 𝐬𝐭𝐚𝐧𝐝𝐚𝐫𝐝 𝐝𝐞𝐯𝐢𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨𝐧
M= 10 kg= 10000g
Cd3
M=
S2
7.336 ∗ (1.25)3
10000 =
(S)2
7.336 ∗ 1.953
10000 =
S2
10000 ∗ 𝑆 2 = 7.336 ∗ 1.953

14.328
𝑆2 =
10000
𝑆 2 = 0.001

S = √0.001
S = 0.00316
S = 3.16%

Example 7. To be solved by student