Sana'a University

Faculty of Engineering
Mechatronics Engineering Department
.

Second Semester
Hydraulics & Pneumatic Systems lap

Pilot Operated Check Valve& Door Operation& Lift

Table

Supervised by:

Prof. Hamood Al_nahari

Eng. Muhammed Al_maswary

Done by:

Ohood Alfowdaie (202174038)

Contents
Experiment 1: ............................................................................................................ 3
Pilot Operated Check Valve: ................................................................................. 3
Introduction: ...................................................................................................... 3
Equipment: ........................................................................................................ 4
Simulation: ........................................................................................................ 4
Questions:.......................................................................................................... 4
Experiment 2: ............................................................................................................ 5
Door Operation:..................................................................................................... 5
Introduction: ...................................................................................................... 5
Equipment: ........................................................................................................ 6
Simulation: ........................................................................................................ 6
Questions:.......................................................................................................... 6
Experiment 3: ............................................................................................................ 7
Lift Table: ............................................................................................................. 7
Introduction: ...................................................................................................... 7
Equipment: ........................................................................................................ 8
Simulation: ........................................................................................................ 8
Questions:.......................................................................................................... 9
Experiment 1:

Pilot Operated Check Valve:

Introduction:

The pilot-operated check valve is an essential component in hydraulic systems,

providing a controlled flow of fluid in one direction while blocking flow in the opposite
direction. This valve is commonly used in applications where it is necessary to control
the movement or hold the position of hydraulic actuators, such as cylinders or motors.

The pilot-operated check valve consists of two main sections: the main valve and the
pilot valve. The main valve allows or blocks the flow of hydraulic fluid based on the
pressure difference across it, while the pilot valve controls the opening and closing of
the main valve.

When the pressure on the inlet side of the valve is higher than the pressure on the outlet
side, the pilot valve closes, preventing flow in the reverse direction. This creates a
blocked or closed position, ensuring that the actuator remains in its current position or
does not move unintentionally.

Conversely, when the pressure on the outlet side exceeds the inlet pressure, the pilot
valve opens, allowing fluid to flow in the reverse direction. This enables the actuator to
move or allows for controlled motion.

The pilot valve is typically operated by a separate pressure control line connected to the
valve. By adjusting the control pressure, the opening and closing characteristics of the
pilot-operated check valve can be precisely controlled.
Equipment:
• 1 off Pilot operated check valve.
• 1 off 4/3 directional control valve.
• 1 off 4/2 directional control valve.
• 1 off Flow meter.
• 1 off Pressure relief vale.
• 1 off Distribution manifold pressure/tank.
• Connection hoses as required.

Simulation:

0 L/m in

Questions:
1-On the P.O. check valve in the tutor case, does the pilot open or close the check
valve?
In the scenario of a P.O. check valve in the tutor case, the pilot is responsible for
opening the check valve, not closing it.

2-The line from port A of the 4/2 way DCV to the P.O. check valve is a dashed line,
why?
The dashed line represents a pilot line used to transmit a control signal or pilot pressure
from the 4/2 way DCV to the P.O. check valve. It allows for precise control of the P.O.
check valve's operation independent of the main flow path. The dashed line visually
distinguishes it as a signal line, separate from the solid lines representing fluid or air
flow.
3-Whenever using a check valve in a circuit, what must we be aware of?
When using a check valve in a circuit, important considerations include:

• Flow direction: Install the check valve in the correct orientation to maintain
desired flow direction.
• Pressure and flow ratings: Select a check valve that can handle the system's
pressure and flow requirements.
• Installation location: Place the check valve appropriately for effective flow
control and accessibility for maintenance.
• Water hammer: Be aware of the potential for hydraulic shock when a check
valve closes rapidly. Consider using dampening devices or slow-closing check
valves to mitigate this issue.

Experiment 2:

Door Operation:
Introduction:
In this experiment, our objective is to simulate the operation of a door using
pneumatic components. The purpose is to gain a comprehensive understanding of the
principles underlying door operation and explore the potential applications of
pneumatic systems in automating and controlling door movements.

Doors are integral components of buildings and structures, serving purposes such as
providing access, ensuring security, and regulating airflow. Understanding the
mechanisms behind their operation is crucial for designing efficient and reliable door
systems.

Pneumatic systems offer advantages in terms of simplicity, reliability, and ease of

control. By using compressed air, we can simulate the forces and motions involved in
opening and closing doors.
Equipment:
• 1 off Single acting cylinder.
• 1 off 3/2 way lever actuated, directional control valve.
• 1 off Pressure relief valve.
• 1 off Distribution manifold pressure/tank
• Connection hoses as required
• (Option) 4kg weight

Simulation:

Questions:
1-Draw the symbol, for a Single Acting Cylinder, with spring return, according to
the I.S.O. 1219-1 standard: -
2-List two (2) disadvantages of a Single Acting Cylinder, with spring return: -

• Limited control and restricted bidirectional force.

• Slower retraction speed in comparison to the extension stroke.

3-Draw the symbol for a 3/2 way N/C push button operated, spring return valve,
according to the I.S.O. 1219-1 standard:

Experiment 3:

Lift Table:
Introduction:
A lift table, also known as a scissor lift table or hydraulic lift table, is a
mechanical device used to raise and lower heavy loads vertically. It consists of a
platform or table that is supported by a set of interconnected scissor-like legs. The
scissor mechanism allows for smooth and controlled vertical movement, providing a
stable and reliable platform for lifting various objects.

Lift tables are commonly used in industrial settings, warehouses, workshops, and other
applications where heavy loads need to be elevated or positioned at different heights.
They offer several advantages over other lifting methods, such as manual labor or
forklifts, including increased safety, versatility, and efficiency.

The operation of a lift table is typically powered by a hydraulic system. Hydraulic

cylinders are used to extend and retract the scissor legs, raising and lowering the
platform as required. A hydraulic pump, usually operated by an electric motor, provides
the necessary pressure to drive the cylinders. The hydraulic system allows for precise
control over the lifting process, enabling operators to position loads accurately and
safely.

Lift tables come in various sizes and weight capacities to accommodate different load
requirements. They can be stationary or mobile, with some models featuring additional
features like tilt, rotate, or conveyor capabilities. Safety features such as safety trip bars,
emergency stop buttons, and safety guards are often incorporated to ensure the well-
being of operators and prevent accidents.
Equipment:
• 1 off Double acting cylinder
• 1 off4/2 way lever actuated, directional control valve
• 1 off Pressure relief valve
• 1 off Distribution manifold pressure/tank
• Connection hoses as required

Simulation:
Questions:
1- What do the letters P, T, A, and B marked upon ports of the hydraulic valves
represent?
P = Pressure.
T = Tank.
A & B = Actuator ports.

2- List five (5) methods of operating a spool valve:

• Manual operation: Spool valve can be operated manually using a lever, knob,
or handle.
• Solenoid operation: Electric solenoid actuates the spool valve.
• Pilot pressure operation: Small pilot valve or pilot pressure controls the
movement of the spool.
• Mechanical linkage operation: Mechanical linkage, such as a cam or lever,
operates the spool valve.
• Hydraulic pressure operation: Hydraulic pressure actuates the spool valve.

3-With a standard double acting cylinder more force is created as the piston
extends than when it retracts (in application without pressure control), why is
this?
In a standard double-acting cylinder without pressure control, more force is generated
during the extension stroke compared to the retraction stroke primarily due to the
pressure difference between the two ends of the cylinder. During extension, pressurized
fluid is supplied to the cap end of the cylinder, creating a higher pressure and resulting
in a greater force exerted on the piston. In contrast, during retraction, fluid is supplied
to the rod end of the cylinder, typically at a lower pressure, leading to a reduced force
during this stroke.