ENCANTO, RHOMAR LORENZ S.
Section B | Civil Procedure 1
OUTLINE OF PHILIPPINES COURTS ORIGINAL AND APPELLATE JURISDICTION
Philippine Courts Original
SUPREME COURT Petitions for issuance of writs of certiorari,
prohibition, and mandamus against the
following:
1. Court of Appeals
2. Court of Tax Appeals;
3. Commission on Elections (en banc);
4. Commission on Audit;
5. Sandiganbayan
COURT OF APPEALS Actions of annulment of judgements of RTC
based upon extrinsic fraud and lack of
jurisdiction
SANDIGANBAYAN Violations of Republic Act No. 3019, as
amended, otherwise known as the Anti-graft
and Corrupt Practices Act, Republic Act No.
1379, and Chapter II, Section 2, Title VII, Book
II of the Revised Penal Code, where one or
more of the accused are officials occupying the
following positions in the government whether in
a permanent, acting or interim capacity, at the
time of the commission of the offense:
I. Officials of the executive branch occupying
the positions of regional director and higher,
otherwise classified as Grade '27' and higher, of
the Compensation and Position Classification
Act of 1989 (Republic Act No. 6758), specifically
including:
a. Provincial governors, vice-governors,
members of the sangguniang
Appellate
1. Petitions for review on certiorari against:
a. Court of Appeals;
b. Court of Tax Appeals (en banc)
c. Sandiganbayan
d. RTC, in cases involving:
i. If no question of fact is involved and cases
involves:
a.) Constitutionality or validity of treaty,
international or executive agreement,
law, presidential decree, proclamation,
order, instruction, ordinance or
regulation;
b.) Legality of tax, impost, assessments, or
toll or penalty in relation thereto; or
c.) Cases in which jurisdiction of lower
court is in issue;
ii. All cases in which only errors or
question of law are involved
2. Special civil action of certiorari – filed within 30
days against:
a. COMELEC
b. COA
1. Final judgements, decisions, resolutions,
orders, awards of:
a. RTC (original jurisdiction or appellate
jurisdiction);
b. Family Courts; RTC on the questions of
constitutionality, validity of tax, jurisdiction
involving questions of fact, which should be
first appealed to the CA;
c. Appeals from RTC in cases appealed from
MTCs which are not a matter of right;
2. Appeal from MTC in the exercise of delegated
jurisdiction (land registration or cadastral
cases);
3. Appeals from Civil Service Commission (CSC);
4. Appeals from quasi-judicial agencies
5. Appeals from the National Commission on
Indigenous Peoples (NCIP); and
6. Appeals from the Office of the Ombudsman.
Decisions and final orders of Regional Trial Courts
in the exercise of their original or appellate
jurisdiction under PD 1606, as amended, shall be
appealable to the Sandiganbayan in the manner
provided by Rule 122 of the Rules of Court
- Final judgements, resolutions or orders of the
RTC whether in the exercise of their original or
appellate jurisdiction over crimes and civil
cases falling within the original exclusive
jurisdiction of the Sandiganbayan but which
were committed by public officers below
SG27.
-
 panlalawigan and provincial treasurers,
assessors, engineers and other
provincial department heads
b. City mayors, vice-mayors, members of
the sangguniang panlungsod, city
treasurers, assessors engineers and
other city department heads;
c. Officials of the diplomatic service
occupying the position of consul and
higher;
d. Philippine army and air force colonels,
naval captains, and all officers of
higher rank;
e. Officers of the Philippine National
Police while occupying the position of
provincial director and those holding
the rank of senior superintendent or
higher;
f. City and provincial prosecutors and
their assistants, and officials and
prosecutors in the Office of the
Ombudsman and special prosecutor;
g. Presidents, directors or trustees, or
managers of government-owned or -
controlled corporations, state
universities or educational institutions
or foundations;
h. Members of Congress and officials
thereof classified as Grade'27'and up
under the Compensation and Position
Classification Act of 1989;
i. Members of the judiciary without
prejudice to the provisions of the
Constitution;
j. Chairmen and members of
Constitutional Commissions, without
prejudice to the provisions of the
Constitution; and
k. All other national and local officials
classified as Grade'27'and higher
under the Compensation and Position
Classification Act of 1989.

Note:
• In cases where none of the accused
are occupying the above positions, the original
jurisdiction shall be vested in the proper
regional trial court or metropolitan trial court,
etc., as the case may be, pursuant to their
respective jurisdictions
• In cases where there is no specific
allegation of facts showing that the offense
committed in relation to the public office of the
accused, the original jurisdiction shall also be
vested in the proper regional trial court or
metropolitan trial court.
COURT OF TAX In tax collection cases involving final and In tax collection cases involving final and executory
APPEALS executory assessments for taxes, fees, charges assessments for taxes, fees, charges and penalties
and penalties where the principal amount of where the principal amount of taxes and fees,
taxes and fees, exclusive of charges and exclusive of charges and penalties claimed is less
penalties claimed is not less than than Php1,000,000.00 tried by the proper MTC,
Php1,000,000.00 MeTC and RTC.

Exclusive appellate jurisdiction to review by

appeal:

1. Commissioner of Internal Revenue

a. Decisions in cases involving disputed
assessments, refunds of internal
 revenue taxes, fees or other charges,
penalties in relation thereto, or other
matters arising under the NLRC or
other laws administered by BIR;
b. Inaction by COR in cases involving
disputed assessments, refunds of IR
taxes, fees, or other charges,
penalties in relation thereto or other
matters arising under NLRC or other
laws administered by BIR, where the
NIRC or other applicable law provides
a specific period of action, in which
case the inaction shall be deemed an
implied denial via petition for review
under Rule 42.
2. RTC
a. Decisions, orders or resolutions in
local taxes originally decided or
resolved by them in the exercised of
their original or appellate jurisdiction
via petition for review under Rule 43.
3. Commissioner of Customs
a. Decisions in cases involving liability
for customs duties, fees or other
charges, seizure, detention or release
of property affected, fines, forfeitures
or other penalties in relation thereto;
b. Other matters arising under the
Customs Law or other laws, part of
laws or special laws administered by
BOC (via petition for review under
Rule 42).
4. Central Board of Assessment Appeals
a. Decisions in the exercise of its
appellate jurisdiction over cases
involving the assessment and taxation
of real property originally decised by
the provincial or city board
assessment appeals via petition for
review under Rule 43.
5. Secretary of Finance
a. Decisions on customs cases elevated
to him automatically for review from
decisions of the Commissioner of
Customs which are adverse to the
government under Sec. 2315 of the
TCC via petition for review under Rule
42.
6. Secretary of Trade and Industry and
Secretary of Agriculture
a. Decisions of Secretary of Trade and
Industry in the case of non-agricultural
product, commodity or article, and the
Secretary of Agriculture in the case of
agricultural product, commodity or
article, involving dumping sites and
counterveiling duties under Secs. 301
and 302, respectively , of the TCC,
and safeguard measures under RA
8800, where either party may appeal
the decision to impose or not impose
said duties (via petition for review
under Rule 42).

SHARI’AH COURT 1. All cases involving custody, 1. Shari’a District Courts shall have appellate
guardianship, legitimacy, paternity and jurisdiction over all cases tried in the
filiation arising under the Code of Shari’a Circuit Courts within their territorial
Muslim Personal Laws of the jurisdiction.
2. The Shari’a District Court shall decide
 Philippines; every case appealed to it on the basis of
the evidence and records transmitted as
2. All cases involving disposition, well as such memoranda, briefs or oral
distribution and settlement of the arguments as the parties may submit.
estate of deceased Muslims, probate
of wills, issuance of letters of
administration or appointment of
administrators or executors regardless
of the nature or the aggregate value of
the property;

3. Petitions for the declaration of absence

and death and for the cancellation or
correction of entries in the Muslim
Registries mentioned in Title VI of
Book Two of this Code;

4. All actions arising from customary

contracts in which the parties are
Muslims, if they have not specified
which law shall govern their relations;
and

5. All petitions for mandamus, prohibition,

injunction, certiorari, habeas corpus,
and all other auxiliary writs and
processes in aid of its appellate
jurisdiction

REGIONAL TRIAL 1. In all civil actions in which the subject All cases decided by Metropolitan Trial Courts,
COURT of the litigation is incapable of Municipal Trial Courts, and Municipal Circuit Trial
pecuniary estimation; Courts in their respective territorial jurisdictions.
2. In all civil actions which involve the title
to, or possession of, real property, or
any interest therein, where the
assessed value exceeds Four hundred
thousand pesos (P400,000.00), except
for forcible entry into and unlawful
detainer of lands or buildings, original
jurisdiction over which is conferred
upon the Metropolitan Trial Courts, and
Municipal Trial Courts in Cities,
Municipal Trial Courts, and Municipal
Circuit Trial Courts;

3. In all actions in admiralty and maritime

jurisdiction where the demand or
claims exceeds Two million pesos
(P2,000,000.00);

4. In all matters of probate, both estate

and intestate, where the gross value of
the estate exceeds Two million pesos
(P2,000,000.00)

5. In all actions involving the contract of

marriage and marital relations;
6. In all cases not within the exclusive
jurisdiction of any court, tribunal,
person or body exercising jurisdiction
or any court, tribunal, person or body
exercising judicial or quasi-judicial
functions;
7. In all civil actions and special
proceedings falling within the exclusive
original jurisdiction of a Juvenile and
 Domestic Relations Court and of the
Courts of Agrarian Relations as now
provided by law; and
8. In all other cases in which the demand,
exclusive of interest, damages of
whatever kind, attorney’s fees,
litigation expenses and costs or the
value of the property in controversy
exceeds Two million pesos
(P2,000,000.00).

9. Other cases:

a. In the issuance of writs of

certiorari, prohibition, mandamus,
quo warranto, habeas corpus and
injunction which may be enforced
in any part of their respective
regions; and
b. In actions affecting ambassadors
and other public ministers and
consuls.

1st LEVEL COURTS 1. Civil actions and probate proceedings, NONE

testate and intestate, including the
grant of provisional remedies in proper
cases, where the value of the personal
property, estate, or amount of the
demand does not exceed Two million
pesos (P2,000,000.00), exclusive of
interest, damages of whatever kind,
attorney’s fees, litigation expenses,
and costs, the amount of which must
be specifically alleged.
2. Cases of forcible entry and unlawful
detainer.
3. Exclusive original jurisdiction in all civil
actions which involve title to, or
possession of, real property, or any
interest therein where the assessed
value of the property or any interest
therein does not exceed Four hundred
thousand pesos (P400,000.00)
exclusive on interest, damages of
whatever kind, attorney’s fees,
litigation expenses and costs;

4. Exclusive original jurisdiction in

admiralty and maritime actions where
the demand or claim does not exceed
Two million pesos (P2,000,000.00).