Introduction to Chemistry

Ms. Saxena
Inquiry Question Success Criteria

+How do the + I can identify types of matter.

+I can distinguish between
properties of Homogenous and
substances help us heterogenous substances.
to classify and +I can outline the separation
techniques.
separate them?
+I can calculate the
percentage composition.
• explore homogeneous mixtures and heterogeneous mixtures
through practical investigations:
– using separation techniques based on physical properties
(ACSCH026)
– calculating percentage composition by weight of component
elements and/or compounds (ACSCH007)
Types of Matter
+Elements: made up of entirely of one atom only. Cannot be broken
down either physically or chemically such as oxygen, carbon.
+Compounds: made of one or two different elements. Can be broken
down through chemical means. CO2 and H2O.
+Mixture: Made of one or more substances (elements/compounds).
Can be broken down through physical means such as saltwater and
air.
Homogenous Mixture
+Made up of uniform
distribution of substances.
+Typically exists in one phase of
matter.
+Such as air or sugar solution.
+Referred to as pure substance.
+Constant boiling point, melting
point, density, composition.
+Can only be separated through
chemical techniques.
Heterogenous Mixture
+Non-uniform distribution of
substances which can be easily
distinguished.
+May exist in different phases of
matter.
+Such as salads or granite.
+May display properties of the
substances it is made of.
+Composition is variable.
+Can be separated through
physcial techniques.
Types of Solution
+Water is the universal solvent which can dissolve any solute to form
a solution.
+Solvent is something that dissolves a substance.
+Solute is something that is dissolved.
+Any substance dissolved in water is called aqueous state.
+Substances that can't be dissolved are called insoluble.
+Suspension: Heterogenous mixture where components can be
identified such as blood or muddy water.
+Colloids: Type of suspension in which small clusters of solute are
evenly dispersed throughout the solvent such as milk or mayo.
Separation Techniques
+ Sieving: separates large particles from smaller particles through a sieve. May depend on the
size of the sieve.
+ Magnetic: Using a magnetic to separate metals from a substance.
+ Filtration: Removes solid particles from liquids through a porous material. Cannot
separate dissolved substances.
+ Sedimentation or decantation separates insoluble solids from liquids or two liquids without any
porous material. Mainly for large and heavy particles.
+ Evaporation or crystallisation: separates solvent from solute in pure substance.
+ Distillation: technique to purify liquids from other liquids through boiling points. The method
involves heating the mixture to a temperature at which the liquid components vaporise
(evaporate), and then condensing the vapour back into a liquid by cooling it down.
+ Fractional distillation is very similar to distillation but uses different equipment and is for boiling
points very close together.
Percentage Composition
+Composition of a compound can be described in percentage
of mass in a sample.
+In mining industry, percentage composition of mineral in a
compound is important for profit.