Professional Documents
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Tropical Design
Tropical Design
Tropical Design
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Chapter I
Introduction 3
Background 3
Purpose 3
Scope 4
Chapter II
Part 1 – Climate, Weather, and Climatic Design 5
1.1 What is Climate? 5
1.2 What is Weather? 5
1.3 What is the difference between climate and weather? 5
1.4 What is the Koppen System? 5
1.5 What are the types of Climate? 6
1.6 What are Climatic Elements to be considered in Design? 7
1.7 What is the Climate of the Philippines? 9
1.8 What are the important elements of climate and weather
in the Philippines? 9
1.9 What are the climate types in the Philippines? 10
Part 2 – Monsoons, Prevailing Winds, Typhoon, Hurricane, Cyclones,
Tropical Depressions and Tropical Storms 11
2.1 What is Monsoon in the Philippines? 11
2.2 What is prevailing winds? 12
2.3 What is Typhoon, Hurricane, Cyclones, Tropical Depressions
and Tropical Storms? 12
Part 3 – Tropical Design and Tropical Climates 13
3.1 What is tropical design? 13
3.2 What are the characteristics of tropical climates? 14
3.3 What are the design objectives and considerations for tropical
Climate? 14
CHAPTER III
Conclusion 17
Recommendation 17
References 19
3
CHAPTER I
INTRODUCTION
Background
Purpose
Scope
This paper will consist of providing background to the climate and its
elements in the Philippines, identifying current characteristics and considerations
for tropical climate design, and the possible impacts posed by these factors in
architecture today.
5
CHAPTER II
Weather refers to the current state of the atmosphere in a short period of time
at a given location with respect to heat or cold, wetness or dryness, calm or
storm, clearness or cloudiness. It can change from time to time.
1.5.2 Arid or dry zone (represented by red, pink, and orange colors on most
maps)
7
The temperature of the soil and its variations are important throughout the
year. The soil surface has the largest temperature changeability throughout the
year, which is caused by closeness to air and its variations. The deeper we go
into the soil, the less temperature fluctuations we have, such that yearly
variations in soil temperature are induced in a certain depth termed depth or
attenuation depth temperature. Given that a building's foundation is in the soil,
understanding soil temperature, particularly glacial soil temperature and depth, is
critical in material selection and defining a building's foundation. Furthermore,
understanding the depth of glacial soil can help with the installation of gas and
water pipes.
1.6.3 Sunshine
Knowing the wind direction of each location and the frequency of wind
from that direction (prevailing wind) is a significant aspect in determining the
aerodynamic direction of building design so that light buildings are not impacted
in the event of severe winds. Wind speed is also crucial since high-speed winds
can cause separation and physical damage to various elements of a building,
particularly light ones. Understanding the average wind speed at the project site,
as well as the seasonal and yearly dispersion of wind speed, are critical
considerations in fortifying against wind power. The greater the region's mean
wind speed, the stronger the building must be.
1.8 What are the important elements of climate and weather in the
Philippines?
According to PAGASA, temperature, humidity, and rainfall, which are
discussed hereunder, are the most important elements of the country's weather
and climate.
1.8.1 Temperature
1.8.2 Humidity
10
1.8.3 Rainfall
Dry season from December to May and wet season from June to
November. During the months of June to September rain periods is at maximum.
Places that has this type of climate are exposed to southwest moonsoon.
1.9.2 Type 2
No dry season occurs from December to January. Places that has this
Type are exposed to North East Moonsoon. Tropical Cyclone are frequent in
this areas.
1.9.3 Type 3
1.9.4 Type 4
Rainfall is more or less evenly throughout the year. North East Luzon,
Southern part of Luzon, Southern Mindanao, and few areas in Visayas
experience this type of climate.
The Northeast Monsoon is a cool and dry northeast wind that sweeps
down from Siberia and China to Southeast Asia. This season is distinguished by
mild to moderate rainfall and a prevailing chilly breeze that begins between
November and end sometime in April.
12
2.3.1 Cyclones
Tropical cyclones, which include hurricanes and typhoons, are the same
weather event. Meteorologists use the term "tropical cyclone" to define a
revolving, structured system of clouds and thunderstorms that originates over
tropical or subtropical seas and has closed, low-level circulation. According to
PAGASA, the tropical cyclone's energy is thus obtained from the huge release of
the latent heat of condensation.
2.3.2 Typhoon
Typhoon is a tropical cyclone that reaches maximum sustained winds
of 74 miles per hour or higher. This term is used in Northwest Pacific.
2.3.3 Hurricane
The only difference between a hurricane and a typhoon is the location
where the storm occurs. In the North Atlantic, central North Pacific, and eastern
North Pacific, the term hurricane is used.
3.3 What are the design objectives and considerations for tropical Climate?
15
3.3.1 Form
When the goal is to give superior thermal comfort to the user and
protection of both the living rooms and the outdoor areas in a hot, windy, and
sometimes humid environment, shape is one of the key concerns for passive
design. In order to limit heat gain, inward-looking structures with inside
courtyards for the construction of cooling spaces are required. When combined,
the volumetric impact for clustered cooling in huge buildings is another avenue to
investigate in urban design.
3.3.2 Orientation
Another passive design strategy concentrated into the design along with
the form is to encourage clustered arrangements for heat absorption and shading
opportunities, which is heavily influenced by the varying amount of solar radiation
falling on different sides of the building at different times of the day. Aside from
solar orientation, another consideration is the building's orientation, as well as the
directions of the prevailing winds, for optimal cross-ventilation and cooling of the
structure.
plans to segregate the external spaces, interiors, and light-sensitive spaces while
incorporating the typical passive design elements such as mutual shading and
adaptability to the seasonal regions change of the sun.
3.3.4 Openings
Openings are crucial in a building because they determine breathability
largely through the exchange of air, although their placement and size vary
depending on the geographical goals. Regardless, it must be ensured that the
wind entering the house does not pass over hot surfaces and that the openings
are large and operable while remaining manageable in terms of rain, insects, and
other natural gears.
3.3.5 Planning
3.3.6 Ventilation
A consistent flow of air circulating through your home is essential for
maintaining a healthy interior temperature. This movement may be achieved by
letting cold air to flow from one side of a room to the other. This is known as
cross ventilation, and it happens when air has an unrestricted passage across a
room or structure. Large windows and doors are desirable, but the sort of window
or door should also be considered. Users should also place them to promote air
flow across the space rather than just one spot.
CHAPTER III
Conclusion
Recommendations
References
Archian (2013). Tropical Design Lecture 1: Global Climate and Solar Architecture
https://archian.wordpress.com/2013/11/29/tropical-design-lecture-1-global-
climate-and-solar-architecture/
Mission, J. (2012),
Climate – Adaptive Architecture in the Philippines,
http://uapccd.blogspot.com/2012/09/climate-adaptive-architecture-in.html