The
Analyst AGRICULTURE
Handout
25th February,2024 COOPERATIVES
Context: Govt is planning to setup World’s largest grain storage plan in the Cooperative
sector.
Cooperative sector in India:
● 97th Constitutional Amendment Act
2011
● Article 43B: State shall endeavor to
promote voluntary formation,
autonomous functioning & professional
management of Cooperative societies
● Article 19(1): Includes freedom to form
cooperative societies
● National Policy on Cooperatives 2002
● Ministry of Corporation
Development story:
Pre-Independence:
● Cooperative credit societies Act 1904
● Maclagan committee 1915
● Debt Conciliation Act 1930s
● Agriculture Credit Dept
Post - Independence:
● All India Rural Credit Survey 1951-54
● Sivaraman Committee - NABARD
Multi-State Cooperative Societies
Amendment Act 2023:
● Election of Board members
● Amalgamation of Cooperatives
● Funds for “Sick” Cooperative societies
● Restriction on redemption of Govt
shareholding
● Redressal of “Complaints”
Concerns:
● Cost on well functioning Cooperative
● Autonomy & Independence principles
Challenges:
● Disputes
● Domain expertise
● Political interference
● Capital pool & tech capabilities
● Competition with private sector
● Subsidy schemes dependent
● Marketing & position in value chain
 The
Analyst
Handout ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE
25th February,2024

Context: Kerala initiated Operation AMRITH the enforce the original H1 rule mandating
doctor’s prescription for acquiring any class of antibiotics.

What is AMR? Reasons:

● Resistance of Microorganisms i.e; ● Overuse
Bacteria, Virus, Parasite & Fungi to an
Antimicrobial agent ● Inadequate labs
● Impacts: Health, Economy, Next ● Medical history
Pandemic ● Use in Agri & Allied sectors
● Monitoring
● Pharma doctor nexus
● Contamination around
manufacturing
● Infection prevention

Steps:
Extent in India:
● Bacteria resistant to latest Generation
● 3rd Generation drug to treat cold, fever
● Ineffective - Cephalosporins,
metronidazole
● Superbugs
● National Programme on AMR
containment
● Ban in Agriculture: Eg- Tetracycline
● Delhi declaration on AMR
● Chennai declaration
● Red line campaign
● WHO Global action plan on AMR
 The
Analyst
Handout FREE & FAIR ELECTIONS
25th February,2024

Context: CEC Rajiv Kumar directions to ECI, Collectors & Enforcement agencies.

About: CASE LAWS:

● Basic structure
● Article 324
● Independence of ECI
Committees on Electoral Reforms:
● Tarkunde Committee
● Dinesh Goswami Committee
● Jeevan Reddy Commission
● Indrajit Gupta Committee
● Law Commission Report
● Persons in Custody debarred: Jan
Chaukidari vs UOI 2013
● Disqualification date: Lily Thomas vs
UOI
● NOTA: PUCL vs UOI 2013
● VVPAT: S. Swamy vs ECI
● Election Manifesto: S. Balaji vs Govt of
TN
● Nomination papers: Resurgence India
vs ECI

CONSUMPTION EXPENDITURE SURVEY

Context: GOI has released findings of All India Household Consumption Expenditure
Survey

What is CES? ● Difference in Avg MPCE between Rural

● Quinquennial survey by NSO & Urban Households: 71.2% from
● Last survey: 2011-12 83.9%.
● Significance: ● Average MPCE of bottom 5% : Rural -
● Gauging demand dynamics 7.65 times & Urban - 10 times
● Growth trends across different states ● Share of Expenditure in Food - Rural -
● Analytical forecasting tools 46% (52%) & Urban - 39% (42.6%)
● Consumption Expenditure on
Non-food items: Rise in share of
FINDINGS: spending on conveyance, consumer
● Average Monthly Per Capita services & durable goods
Consumption Expenditure (MPCE): ● Comparison among states
33.5% for Urban & 40% for Rural
 The
Analyst
Handout UNDEREMPLOYMENT
25th February,2024
Context: NITI Ayog Chairman has said that “Underemployment” is major problem in
India.

Steps to tackle:
● Focus on manufacturing
● Import substitution
● Make in India
● Reforming Labour laws
● Coastal Employment Zones
● Apprentice “Protsahan”