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Methods of seismic retrofitting by using etabs software

Article in International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology · January 2017

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International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET)
Volume 8, Issue 5, May 2017, pp. 94–99, Article ID: IJCIET_08_05_012
Available online at http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=5
ISSN Print: 0976-6308 and ISSN Online: 0976-6316

© IAEME Publication Scopus Indexed

METHODS OF SEISMIC RETROFITTING BY

USING ETABS SOFTWARE
Abdul Kalam, Muzeera Babu SK
UG Student, Department of Civil Engineering, KL University,
Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, India

Lingeshwaran N
Assistant Professor, Department of Civil Engineering, KL University,
Vaddeswaram, Andhra Pradesh, India

ABSTRACT
In present world many existing reinforced concrete structures are inadequate for
earthquakes. During the late decade have indicated that Recent earthquakes which
occurred, major damage occurred was not directly due to actions of earthquakes but
due to poor performance of structures during earthquakes. It is recognized that the
most effective method of reducing the risk of damaging structure is seismic retrofitting
This study highlights the principals of assessing and retrofitting of structures against
seismic events. Some of these methods were practically implemented and procedures
are illustrated using a case study of four storey RC building retrofitted for a moderate
earthquake. Finite Element Method was used to investigate the performance of the
building during the earthquake and to check the behavior of the structure after
applying retrofitting techniques. The methods such as steel and concrete jacketing and
application of fibre reinforced polymer (FRP) composites which were used to improve
the load bearing capacity of individual structural elements are highlighted and
methods such as shear walls and shear cores which can be used to improve overall
stability are discussed.
Key words: BIM, AEC industry, Benefits, Challenges, Implementation, RII (Relative
importance index).
Cite this Article: Abdul Kalam, Muzeera Babu SK and Lingeshwaran N, Methods of
Seismic Retrofitting by Using ETABS Software. International Journal of Civil
Engineering and Technology, 8(5), 2017, pp. 94–99.
http://www.iaeme.com/IJCIET/issues.asp?JType=IJCIET&VType=8&IType=5

1. INTRODUCTION
Seismic retrofitting of constructions vulnerable to earthquakes is a current problem of great
political and social relevance. Most of the Italian building stock is vulnerable to seismic
action even if located in areas that have long been considered of high seismic hazard. During
the past thirty years moderate to severe earthquakes have occurred in Italy at intervals of 5 to

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 Methods of Seismic Retrofitting by Using ETABS Software

10 years. Such events have clearly shown the vulnerability of the building stock in particular
and of the built environment in general. The seismic hazard in the areas, where those
earthquakes have occurred, has been known for a long time because of similar events that
occurred in the past.
A large number of existing buildings in India are severely deficient against earthquake
forces and the number of such buildings is growing very rapidly. This has been highlighted in
the past earthquake. Retrofitting of any existing building is a complex task and requires skill,
retrofitting of RC buildings is particularly challenging due to complex behavior of the RC
composite material. The behavior of the buildings during earthquake depends not only on the
size of the members and amount of reinforcement, but to a great extent on the placing and
detailing of the reinforcement. The construction practices in India result in severe
construction defects, which make the task of retrofitting even more difficult.
There are three sources of deficiencies in a building, which have to be accounted for by
the retrofitting engineer:
 Inadequate design and detailing,
 Degradation of material with time and use, and
 Damage due to earthquake or other catastrophe.
The retrofit engineer is expected to estimate the deficiency resulting from all the three
sources, suggest a retrofit scheme to make up for the deficiencies and demonstrate that the
retrofitted structure will be able to safety resist the future earthquake forces expected during
the lifetime of the structure. This paper presents a brief review of the available methods and
techniques for retrofitting of RC building. The report Applied Technology highlights the
nonlinear static pushover analysis. It is an efficient method for the performance evaluation of
a structure subjected to seismic loads. The step by step procedure of the pushover analysis is
to determine the capacity curve, capacity spectrum method and displacement coefficient
method. By using these procedures this report is detailed with modeling aspects of the hinge
behavior, acceptance criteria and locate the performance point.
The present guidelines are intended to provide a systematic procedure for the seismic
evaluation of buildings, which can be applied consistently to a rather wide range of buildings.
This document also discusses some cost effective strengthening schemes for existing older
buildings where identified as seismically deficient during the evaluation process

2. OBJECTIVE
Verify the results of theoretical predictions on the structural stability of the braces validate the
inelastic capacity of the braces under severe earthquake demands and calibrate a macroscopic
hysteretic model that is found to predict, with fidelity, the brace force– displacement
behavior. The study concludes that the unbounded brace is a reliable and practical alternative
to conventional framing systems to enhance the earthquake resistance of new and existing
structures; capable of providing both the rigidity needed to satisfy structural drift limits, while
delivering a substantial and repeatable energy absorption capability.

3. METHODOLOGY
ETABS is an engineering software product that caters to multi-story building analysis and
design. Modeling tools and templates, code-based load prescriptions, analysis methods and
solution techniques, all coordinate with the grid-like geometry unique to this class of
structure. Basic or advanced systems under static or dynamic conditions may be evaluated
using ETABS. For a sophisticated assessment of seismic performance, modal and direct

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 Abdul Kalam, Muzeera Babu SK and Lingeshwaran N

integration time-history analyses may couple with P-Delta and Large Displacement effects
The innovative and revolutionary new ETABS is the ultimate integrated software package for
the structural analysis and design of buildings. Incorporating 40 years of continuous research
and development, this latest ETABS offers unmatched 3D object based modeling and
visualization tools, blazingly fast linear and nonlinear analytical power, sophisticated and
comprehensive design capabilities for a wide-range of materials, and insightful graphic
displays, reports, and schematic drawings that allow users to quickly and easily decipher and
understand analysis and design results.
From the start of design conception through the production of schematic drawings,
ETABS integrates every aspect of the engineering design process. Creation of models has
never been easier - intuitive drawing commands allow for the rapid generation of floor and
elevation framing. CAD drawings can be converted directly into ETABS models or used as
templates onto which ETABS objects may be overlaid. The state-of-the-art allows extremely
large and complex models to be rapidly analyzed, and supports nonlinear modeling
techniques such as construction sequencing and time effects Plan and elevation views are
automatically generated at every grid line to allow for quick navigation of the model. Users
can create their own elevation sections by using our Developed Elevation feature.

4. ANALYSIS
Step by step procedure to learn ETABS
 Modeling using ETABS.
 Comparison of total DL and LL.
 Time period and Mode participation factor of building in X and Y direction
 Seismic force calculation as per IS: 1893(Part 1) - 2002.
a) Static method
b) Dynamic method
 Site specific response spectra
 Site specific time history
 Design under gravity and seismic load
Performance based design using pushover analysis

5. RESULTS

Figure 1

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 Methods of Seismic Retrofitting by Using ETABS Software

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Check
This facility allows the user to consider deflection as criteria in the CODE CHECK and
MEMBER SELECTION processes. The deflection check may be controlled using three
parameters. Deflection is used in addition to other strength and stability related criteria. The
local deflection calculation is based on the latest analysis results.

6. CONCLUSION
Current research on advanced materials has mainly concentrated on FRP composites. Studies
have shown that externally bonded frap composites can be applied to various structural
members including columns, beams, slabs and walls to improve their structural performance
such as stiffness load carrying capacity and ductility.

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 Abdul Kalam, Muzeera Babu SK and Lingeshwaran N

Seismic Dampers
Seismic dampers are used in place of structural elements, like diagonal braces, for controlling
seismic damage in structures.
It partly absorbs the seismic energy and reduces the motion of buildings.

Types
 Viscous dampers (energy is absorbed by silicone-based fluid passing between piston cylinder
arrangement)
 Friction dampers (energy is absorbed by surface with friction between them rubbing against
each other)
 Yielding dampers(energy is absorbed by metallic components that yield)
 Seismic retrofitting is a suitable technology for protection of a variety of structures.
 It has matured in the recent years to a highly reliable technology. But, the expertise needed is
not available in the basic level.
 The main challenge is to achieve in the desired performance level at a minimum cost, which
ca be achieved through a detailed nonlinear analysis.
 Optimization techniques are needed to know the most efficient retrofit for a particular
structure. Proper design codes are needed to be published as code of practice for professionals
related to this field.
 FRP retrofitting has been used with bridge and building structures to strengthen static and
quasi-static loads (such as increases in dead or live load in a bridge or building structure), and
for dynamic loads (such as strengthening for improved seismic or blast response in a bridge or
building structure). FRP composites have been used successfully for flexural strengthening of
concrete beams and slabs, shear strengthening of concrete beams, and axial strengthening and
ductility enhancement of concrete columns.

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 Methods of Seismic Retrofitting by Using ETABS Software

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