Chapter 3:

Measures of Central Tendency

By: Ms. Mariam Al-Hawaj

1
 Rules of Pervious lecture

Frequency Relative Percentage

frequency

Boundaries of Midpoint of class Class width

class

Cumulative Relative Percentage of

frequency cumulative cumulative
frequency
Practice:
Complete the following table
Relative
Mass (kg) Frequency Boundaries Midpoints Percentage
frequency
41-50 3

51-60 6

61-70 5

71-80 6

81-90 2

Total
Practice:
Complete the following table
Cumulative Relative
Mass (kg) Frequency Less than Percentage
Frequency cumulative
41-50 3 41
51-60 6 51
61-70 5 61
71-80 6 71
81-90 2 81
Total 91
Measures of Central Tendency
A measure of central tendency is giving the
center of a histogram
There are three common measures of
central tendency:
the mean
the median
the mode

5
 The Mean
Is the most frequently used measure of
central tendency

The mean is the same meaning of average

The mean is obtained by dividing the sum

of all values by the number of values in
the data set 6
Calculating the Mean

values

7
Find the mean of each following data set
Data Mean

The following are the prices (in thousands of dollars) of

10 houses sold recently in a city:
479 366 238 207 287 349 293 2534 463 538
Mean for Grouped Data

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Example:
Find the mean from the following table:
Classes Frequency
(f)

10
Calculating the Mean of grouped data

11
Practice Time:
The following table gives the frequency distribution of the daily
commuting times (in minutes) from home to work for all 25 employees
of a company

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Example:

The mean of this data set is 17.8. What would

happen to the mean if 40 was added to the data set?
 Advantage and disadvantage of the Mean
advantage
Disadvantage

It calculate It is heavily
includes each influenced by
value of the data outlier
set

Definition:
A Outlier is values that are very small or very large relative to
the majority of the values in a data set 14
 The Median
Is used when data set has outlier

The median is the value of the middle

term in a data set that has been ranked

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Calculating the Median after ranked

If the number If number of

of data odd data even

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Find the medain of each following data set
Data Median
 Advantage and disadvantage of the Median

advantage Disadvantage

Is that it is not Is not based on

influenced by all values
outlier
Is affected
fluctuation of
sampling
Note:
A Median gives the center of a histogram with half of the data
values to the left of the median and half to right of the median 18
 The Mode
Is the highest frequency in data set

The mode represents the most common

value in a data set.

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Find the Mode of each following data set
Data Mode

Find the mode for the number of coal employees per

county for 10 selected counties in southwestern
Pennsylvania.
110, 731, 1031, 84, 20, 118, 1162, 1977, 103, 752
 Advantage and disadvantage of the Mode

Advantage disadvantage

It can be calculated for Is affected to a

both kind quantitative great extent by
& qualitative sampling
fluctuations

Note: A Median & Mean

just calculated for
only quantitative.

Example:
The status of five students who are members of the student
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senate at a college are senior, sophomore, senior, junior,
and senior, respectively. Find the mode
 Number of mode
Unimodal Multimodal
Bimodal
“ has one “ has 3 or more
“ has 2 mode”
mode” mode”

Number for data base

Mean Only one
Median Only one
Mode One or more, it can be none
Data Mode Type of mode
 Relationship Among the mean,
median, and mode.
A symmetric histogram A histogram and A histogram and
and frequency frequency distribution frequency distribution
distribution curve with curve skewed to right curve skewed to left
one peak
 Practice Time

Solution:
Mean Median Mode
 Practice Time
Find the mean, mode and median

Solution:
Mean Median Mode