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n (b) u u −1) u −1) u t) + 2 sin (ω t) , < ω < π u u
n (b) u u −1) u −1) u t) + 2 sin (ω t) , < ω < π u u
n (b) u u −1) u −1) u t) + 2 sin (ω t) , < ω < π u u
ﺳﻮﺍﻝ ﺍﻭﻝ:
ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝﻫﺎﻱ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻳﺪ .ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻴﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﭼﻪ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻪ ﻣﺪﻝ ،nﻣﻲﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﭘﺎﺭﺍﻣﺘﺮﻫﺎﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ
{bi }ni=1ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻳﻜﺘﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ.
4: u4 (t) = sin(ω1 t) + 2 sin(ω2 t) , 0 < ω1 < ω2 < π
ﺳﻮﺍﻝ ﺩﻭﻡ:
ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻓﻲ ) u(tﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ.
u(t) = ± a
−u(t − 1) with probability of 1 − α
= )u(t
u(t − 1) with probability of α
ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ 0 < α < 1 ،ﺍﺳﺖ .ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﺍﺕ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ tﺑﻪ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﻗﺒﻠﻲ ﺑﺴﺘﮕﻲ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ .ﺗﺎﺑﻊ
ﻛﻮﺍﺭﻳﺎﻧﺲ ﻭ ﺗﺎﺑﻊ ﭼﮕﺎﻟﻲ ﻃﻴﻔﻲ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺤﺎﺳﺒﻪ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ.
ﺳﻮﺍﻝ ﺳﻮﻡ:
ﻣﻲﺧﻮﺍﻫﻴﻢ ﻳﻚ ﻣﺪﻝ ﮔﺴﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﻱ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺧﻄﻲ ﺗﻐﻴﻴﺮﻧﺎﭘﺬﻳﺮ ﺑﺎ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻚﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ-ﺗﻚﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﻭﺩﻱ
PRBSﺑﻴﺎﺑﻴﻢ .ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺿﺮﺑﻪ ﭘﻴﻮﺳﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻜﻞ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ.
( )
h(t) = 100 e−0.1t − e−t
ﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻣﻘﺎﺩﻳﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞﻗﺒﻮﻝ ﻓﺎﺻﻠﻪ ﺑﻴﺖﻫﺎ ) ،(∆tﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﺏ ﺑﻴﺖ ) (Mﻭ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺮﻃﻲ ﻛﻪ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﻣﺠﺬﻭﺭ
ﺧﺮﻭﺟﻲﻫﺎﻱ ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﻱﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺯ ۲۵ﺑﻴﺸﺘﺮ ﻧﺸﻮﺩ.
ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﻳﻲ :ﻳﻜﻲ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻭﺵﻫﺎﻱ ﺗﻮﻟﻴﺪ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ PRBSﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﻳﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ:
( )
M +1
= )S(t 2Si − a
M
ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ a ،ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ M ،ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺗﻨﺎﻭﺏ ﻭ ) Si ∈ (0, 1ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻓﻲ ﺍﻧﺘﺨﺎﺏ ﻣﻲﺷﻮﺩ .ﻋﺮﺽ ﻫﺮ ﻛﺪﺍﻡ ﺍﺯ
ﭘﺎﻟﺲﻫﺎ ∆tﻭ ﭘﺎﻟﺲﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﻣﺴﺎﻭﻱ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﻱ ﺩﺍﻣﻨﻪ ±aﻣﻲﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ.
ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺗﻜﺮﺍﺭ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ PRBSﻳﻌﻨﻲ ،M ∆tﺑﺎﻳﺪ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﻲ ﺳﻴﺴﺘﻢ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ )ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ۱/۵ﺗﺎ ۳
ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ(.
ﺳﻮﺍﻝ ﭼﻬﺎﺭﻡ:
ﻓﻴﻠﺘﺮ ARMAﺯﻳﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺑﮕﻴﺮﻳﺪ،
A(q −1 )Xt = C(q −1 )Vt
ﻛﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ A ،ﻭ Cﭼﻨﺪﺟﻤﻠﻪﺍﻱﻫﺎﻱ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﻳﺐ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮﻳﻦ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻳﻚ ۱ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ .ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ Vtﻧﻮﻳﺰ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺻﻔﺮ
ﻭ ﻭﺍﺭﻳﺎﻧﺲ σv2ﺍﺳﺖ .ﻳﻚ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩﮔﻴﺮﻱ ﻧﻮﻳﺰﻱ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻳﻦ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ ﻳﻌﻨﻲ:
Yt = X t + E t
ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﻴﺎﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ Etﻳﻚ ﻧﻮﻳﺰ ﺳﻔﻴﺪ ﺑﺎ ﻣﻴﺎﻧﮕﻴﻦ ﺻﻔﺮ ﻭ ﻭﺍﺭﻳﺎﻧﺲ σe2ﺍﺳﺖ ﻛﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ Xtﻧﺎﻫﻤﺒﺴﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ .ﻣﻌﺎﺩﻻﺕ
ﻓﻮﻕ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻓﺮﻡ ﻳﻚ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ARMAﺑﺎﺯﻧﻮﻳﺴﻲ ﻛﻨﻴﺪ .ﻭﺍﺭﻳﺎﻧﺲ ﻧﻮﻳﺰ ﻣﻨﻄﺒﻖ ﺑﺮ ﺍﻳﻦ ﻓﺮﺍﻳﻨﺪ ﭼﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ؟ ﻃﻴﻒ ﺳﻴﮕﻨﺎﻝ
Ytﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ؟
ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺑﺎﺷﻴﺪ.
1
)monomial (monic polynomia