Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education,

Mumbai (Autonomous)(ISO-9001-2008) (ISO/IEC

27001:20013)

Micro Project Report On

VISIT A NEAR RO PLANT AND PREPARE

DETAIL TECHNICAL REPORT

Academic Year: 2024 Institute Code:0563

Program: ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING Semester: IV

Course: Environmental Studies Course Code:

Group No:
 Maharashtra State Board of Technical Education,
Mumbai

CERTIFICATE

This is to certify that,

Roll No Student Name Seat No Enroll No

Of Fourth Semester of Diploma in Electrical Engineering of Institute Pravin Patil

College of Diploma Engineering and Technology, Bhayander (E) (Code: 0563) has
completed the Micro Project satisfactorily in subject Environmental Studies() for the
academic year 2024 as prescribed in the curriculum.

Place: Bhayander (E)

Date:

Mrs. smita Kamble Mr.sushant mohite Mrs. Ranjana Patil

Subject Teacher Head of Department Principal
 INDEX
SR.NO CONTENT PAGE NO
 PART A – Plan
Micro Project
Proposal

Report on Climate Change

1.0 Brief Introduction

.

2.0 Aim of the Micro-Project

 3.0 Action Plan
SR Details of Activity Plan start Plan Finish Name of
N Date Date Responsible
O TEAM Member
1 Discussion and finalization of topic
2 Preparation and submission of
Abstract
3 Collection of Data Literature Review
4 Discussion on outline of Content
& Formulation of the Content
5 Editing and proof Reading of Content
6 Compilation of Report and Presentation
7 Viva voce
8 Final submission of Micro Project

4.0 Resources Required

Name of
Sr.
Resource/Mat Specifications Qty Remarks
No
erial
1 PC Window10 1 Available

2 Web Browser Google 1 Available

1. Management Using Technical publication
Available
3 Library/Books 2.Management by Nirali publication 2
3. Management work book MSBTE
 PART B – Plan
Micro Project Report

Report on Climate Change

1.0 Brief Description

2.0 Aim of the Micro-Project

 3.0 Course Outcomes integrated
A .Develop public awareness about environment.
B. Select alternative energy resources for engineering practice.
C. Conserve Ecosystem and Biodiversity.
D. Apply techniques to reduce Environmental pollution.
E. Manage social issues and environmental ethics as life long learning.

4.0 Actual Procedure Followed

1. Selection of topic.
2. Information collected from books.
3.Information collected from web resources.
4.Designing outcomes for project.
5. Preparation of report.

5.0 Actual Resources Used

Sr. Name of
Specifications Qty Remarks
No Resource/Material
1 PC Window10 1 Available
2 Web Browser Google 1 Available
1. Management Using Technical publication
Available
3 Library/Books 2.Management by Nirali ublication 2
3. Management work book MSBTE

6.0 Outputs of the Micro-Project

 Introduction:

Purity of water and water for purification are concepts rooted in Indian culture .
The perception of quality of water for different purposes is intuitively present in
the language and minds of people. And similar are concepts of water used as a
purifying agent in daily activities and rites. Along with these, different practices for
treatment of water and protection of quality of water are also imbedded. Boiling
of water for drinking, using herbs for cleansing of water, protection of drinking
water wells from surface pollution are all examples of traditional knowledge and
practices of water quality and protection of safe water. In certain communities it is
a belief that ‘natural water’ such as water from wells as opposed to ‘artificial
water’ coming from pipes is more suitable for purpose of rites. Also, some
communities consider energy agents such as electricity as being artificial,
therefore impure. These age-old concepts are now changing and slowly being
evolved and merged with modern scientific-based ideas of water quality,
pollution, protection of water and water treatment. Any new technology that
gains acceptance within this society in flux needs to keep pace with these evolving
perceptions and beliefs about water quality.

Content:

1.what does mean by RO plant.

2.why we need Ro plant.
3.How The RO Plant system works.
4.diagrams.
5.conclusion
 Two most common method of producing fresh water from the sea water is the
Multi Stage Flash Distillation (MSF) and the Reverse Osmosis (RO) process.
The currently emerging method which is gaining ground for producing fresh water
form the sea water or brackish water is by the Reverse Osmosis (RO) process
RO (reverse Osmosis) Plant:

Reverse osmosis (RO) is a water purification process that uses a partially

permeable membrane to remove ions, unwanted molecules and larger particles
from drinking water. A reverse osmosis plant is a manufacturing plant where the
process of reverse osmosis takes place. An average modern reverse osmosis plant
needs six kilowatt-hours of electricity to desalinate one cubic metre of water.[1]
The process also results in an amount of salty briny waste. The challenge for these
plants is to find ways to reduce energy consumption, use sustainable energy
sources, improve the process of desalination and to innovate in the area of waste
management to deal with the waste. Self-contained water treatment plants using
reverse osmosis, called reverse osmosis water purification units, are normally used
in a military context.

Why we need RO plant.

We live in a pollution- ridden and highly toxic environment which can lead to a
number of health problems. As a result, the demand for good RO water purifiers
has increased drastically. The advanced purification process removes dissolved
impurities and microorganisms from water to make it safe for consumption.
However, before choosing a water purifier, ensure that you compare the features,
brand, maintenance and most importantly the price of RO water purifiers in India.
RO Plant (Diagram:
Main Parts Of the RO Plant System:

Automatic Shut-Off Valve (SOV)

This RO system feature aims to conserve water by closing the valve automatically
once the storage tank is full. It hinders the any more water from going into the
membrane, and it also impedes flow to the drain. The SOV opens to send the safe
drinking water through the membrane once the water is drawn from the RO
faucet and the tank’s pressure falls.

Raw Water Tank:

The most common RO storage tanks can hold two to four gallons of water. Thanks
to the bladder located inside the tank, the water remains pressurized in the
reservoir when it’s full. RO tanks are typically 15 inches tall and 12 inches in
diameter.

Sand Filter:

Sand filters are used as a step in the water treatment process of water
purification.
There are three main types; rapid (gravity) sand filters, upward flow sand
filters and slow sand filters. All three methods are used extensively in the
water industry throughout the world. The first two require the use of
flocculant chemicals to work effectively while slow sand filters can produce
very high quality water with pathogens removal from 90% to >99%
(depending on the strains taste and odour without the need for chemical aids.
[1] Sand filters can, apart from being used in water treatment plants, be used for
water purification in singular households as they use materials which are available
for most people
 Sand filter.
AC FILter:

Activated carbon filters are generally employed in the process of removing organic
compounds and/or extracting free chlorine from water, thereby making the water
suitable for discharge or use in manufacturing processes. Eliminating organics in
potable water, such as humic and fulvic acid, prevents chlorine in the water from
chemically reacting with the acids and forming trihalomethanes, a class of known
carcinogens.
Activated Carbon (AC) filtration, as with any water treatment method, is not
capable of removing every possible type of contaminant. For example, sodium,
microbes, fluoride, and nitrates cannot be removed with AC filtration. Water
softening also cannot be achieved with AC filters.
Cip:

Clean-in-place (CIP) is a method of cleaning the interior surfaces of pipes, vessels,

process equipment, filters and associated fittings, without disassembly. ... CIP
started as a manual practice involving a balance tank, centrifugal pump, and
connection to the system being cleaned
Uv sterilizer:

UV sterilizer is a tube of ultra-violet light that kills single cell organisms that go
through it by altering and damaging their DNA.
Ultra-violet light is dangerous and cancerous, but when the UV sterilizer is used
correctly and cautiously, it’s not a threat to you or your fish, invertebrates, or
corals.
Working Of RO plant:
Understanding Reverse Osmosis
Reverse Osmosis, commonly referred to as RO, is a process where you
demineralize or deionize water by pushing it under pressure through a semi-
permeable Reverse Osmosis Membrane.
How does Reverse Osmosis work?
Reverse Osmosis works by using a high pressure pump to increase the pressure on
the salt side of the RO and force the water across the semi-permeable RO
membrane, leaving almost all (around 95% to 99%) of dissolved salts behind in the
reject stream. The amount of pressure required depends on the salt concentration
of the feed water. The more concentrated the feed water, the more pressure is
required to overcome the osmotic pressure.
The desalinated water that is demineralized or deionized, is called permeate (or
product) water. The water stream that carries the concentrated contaminants that
did not pass through the RO membrane is called the reject (or concentrate)
stream.

As the feed water enters the RO membrane under pressure (enough pressure to
overcome osmotic pressure) the water molecules pass through the semi-
permeable membrane and the salts and other contaminants are not allowed to
pass and are discharged through the reject stream (also known as the concentrate
or brine stream), which goes to drain or can be fed back into the feed water
supply in some circumstances to be recycled through the RO system to save water.
The water that makes it through the RO membrane is called permeate or product
water and usually has around 95% to 99% of the dissolved salts removed from it.
It is important to understand that an RO system employs cross filtration rather
than standard filtration where the contaminants are collected within the filter
media. With cross filtration, the solution passes through the filter, or crosses the
filter, with two outlets: the filtered water goes one way and the contaminated
water goes another way. To avoid build up of contaminants, cross flow
filtration allows water to sweep away contaminant build up and also allow enough
turbulence to keep the membrane surface clean.

How Reverse Osmosis Filtration Works

There’s a bit more to the process when using a reverse osmosis system to purify
drinking water.
If you’ve ever seen an R.O. system, you’ve likely noticed the three cylindrical
canisters on a manifold. One of these is the membrane and the other two are carbon
filters. Let’s take a closer look at what each of these cartridges do.
Step 1: Pre-filtration
The first step in purifying water with reverse osmosis is meant to protect the
membrane. It removes larger sediment, including some dissolved solids, and helps
reduce chlorine.
This first cartridge is referred to as the sediment filter or carbon block filter. It
helps conserve the membrane, which can get clogged by excess sediment or
damaged by exposure to too much chlorine, which you’ll find in municipal water.
Reverse osmosis works best when you start with good water and then make it great.
That’s why you should never use a reverse osmosis system with hard water unless
it is under 10 grains per gallon. If your water is too hard, start with one of our other
water treatment solutions
We often recommend having a water softener installed before installing an R.O.
system. Scale buildup from hard water can damage these systems in the same way
they damage other appliances. Learn more about how hard water ruins appliances
here on our blog.
Step 2: The Reverse Osmosis Membrane

Following the initial filtration comes the real magic of an R.O. system.
Your water is forced through the semi-permeable membrane under pressure. The
membrane is a synthetic plastic material that allows the passage of water
molecules. However, sodium, chlorine, and calcium as well as larger molecules like
glucose, urea, bacteria and viruses cannot pass.
We have reverse osmosis drinking water systems that are tested and certified for
reduction of:

lead
arsenic
copper
nitrates and nitrites
chromium (hexavalent & trivalent)
selenium
fluoride
radium
barium
cadmium
cyst (cryptosporidium)
total dissolved solids (TDS)
Water-Right uses thin film composite (TFC) membranes in its Eclipse™ R.O.
systems and Impression Series® R.O. systems. This type of membrane is resistant
to bacteria breakdown and has a high rejection rate of 95 to 97 percent on
average. TFC membranes are not chlorine-resistant, which is why a carbon
prefilter is used.

Steps 3 & 4: Post Filtration and Final Polish

Before your home’s water is ready to drink, it goes through a second carbon filter
(or post filter), which removes any remaining contaminants in the unlikely case
they slipped past the membrane.
Then the water fills up a storage tank where it waits until you’re ready to use it.
Finally, there’s the in-line activated carbon filter, which gives your water one last
polish as it comes out your faucet. This is used to remove any remaining odors or
flavors that may come from the system hoses or the holding tank.
The polish is a “just in case” step to make sure the water you drink tastes incredibly
fresh!

Understanding the difference between passes and stages in a

Reverse Osmosis (RO) system
The terms stage and pass are often mistaken for the same thing in an RO
system and can be confusing terminology for an RO operator. It is
important to understand the differnce between a 1 and 2 stage RO and a 1
and 2 pass RO.
DIFFERENCE BETWEEN A 1 AND 2 STAGE RO SYSTEM
In a one stage RO system, the feed water enters the RO system as one
stream and exits the RO as either concentrate or permeate water. In a two-
stage system the concentrate (or reject) from the first stage then becomes
the feed water to the second stage. The permeate water is collected from
the first stage is combined with permeate water from the second stage.
Additional stages increase the recovery from the system
What contaminants will Reverse Osmosis remove from water?

Reverse Osmosis is capable of removing up to 99%+ of the dissolved salts (ions),

particles, colloids, organics, bacteria and pyrogens from the feed water (although
an RO system should not be relied upon to remove 100% of bacteria and viruses).
An RO membrane rejects contaminants based on their size and charge. Any
contaminant that has a molecular weight greater than 200 is likely rejected by a
properly running RO system (for comparison a water molecule has a MW of 18).
Likewise, the greater the ionic charge of the contaminant, the more likely it will be
unable to pass through the RO membrane. For example, a sodium ion has only one
charge (monovalent) and is not rejected by the RO membrane as well as calcium
for example, which has two charges. Likewise, this is why an RO system does not
remove gases such as CO2 very well because they are not highly ionized (charged)
while in solution and have a very low molecular weight. Because an RO system
does not remove gases, the permeate water can have a slightly lower than normal
pH level depending on CO2 levels in the feed water as the CO2 is converted to
carbonic acid.
Reverse Osmosis is very effective in treating brackish, surface and ground water
for both large and small flows applications. Some examples of industries that use
RO
water include pharmaceutical, boiler feed water, food and beverage, metal
finishing and semiconductor manufacturing to name a few.
 CONCLUISION

Based on the visit to the nearby RO (Reverse Osmosis) plant, the detailed technical
report would likely conclude with findings regarding the plant's efficiency,
effectiveness, maintenance procedures, water quality output, energy
consumption, and any areas for improvement or optimization. Additionally, it
would summarize the overall operation of the plant and its compliance with
relevant regulations or standards.

REFRENCE

 CHAT GPT
 GOOGLE
 SCRIBD
 WIKEPEDIA
 TEXTBOOK

7.0 Skill Developed/Learning out of this Micro-Project

1 We have learned to develop micro project in team.

2 We understood the Study of Management Principles Applied To A Large Scale Industries.

3 We Learned to apply different measures for profits and benefits of the company.
 Teacher Evaluation Sheet

Name of Student: KAPARE SHASHANK SANTOSH Enrollment No: 2205630524 Roll No:102
Name of Program: Computer Engineering Semester: Fifth
Course Title: Environmental studies Code:22447

Title of the Micro Project: Report on Climate Change

Course Outcomes Achieved (COs)
A . Develop public awareness about environment.
B. Select alternative energy resources for engineering practice.
C. Conserve Ecosystem and Biodiversity.
D. Apply techniques to reduce Environmental pollution.
E. Manage social issues and environmental ethics as life long learning
Evaluation as per Suggested Rubric for Assessment of Micro-Project

Sr Characteristic to be Assessed Poor Averag Good Excellent Sub

. (Mark e (Marks (Marks 6- (Marks 9- Total
No s 1-3) 4-5) 8) 10)
(A) Process and Product Assessment (Covert above total marks out of 6 Marks)

1 Relevance to the course

Literature Survey / Information Collection
2
Completion of the Target as per project
3 proposal

4 Analysis of Data and Representation

5 Quality of Prototype/Model

6 Report Preparation
(B) Individual Presentation / Viva (Convert above total marks out of 4 Marks)

7 Presentation

8 Defense
Micro-Project Evaluation Sheet

(A) Process and Product Assessment (B) Individual Presentation / Viva Total Marks (10
(6 Marks) (4 marks) Marks)

Comments / Suggestions about team work / leadership / inter-personal communication:

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Name & Designation of the Teacher: Mr. Jitendra Ingale [Senior Lecturer]
Dated Signature: ………………………………
 Teacher Evaluation Sheet
Name of Student: SARANG MAKARANG SANJAY Enrollment No: 2205630525 Roll No:103
Name of Program: Computer Engineering Semester: Fifth
Course Title: Environmental studies Code:22447

Title of the Micro Project: Report on Climate Change

Course Outcomes Achieved (COs)
A . Develop public awareness about environment.
B. Select alternative energy resources for engineering practice.
C. Conserve Ecosystem and Biodiversity.
D. Apply techniques to reduce Environmental pollution.
E. Manage social issues and environmental ethics as life long learning
Evaluation as per Suggested Rubric for Assessment of Micro-Project

Sr Characteristic to be Assessed Poor Averag Good Excellent Sub

. (Mark e (Marks (Marks 6- (Marks 9- Total
No s 1-3) 4-5) 8) 10)
(A) Process and Product Assessment (Covert above total marks out of 6 Marks)

1 Relevance to the course

Literature Survey / Information Collection
2
Completion of the Target as per project
3 proposal

4 Analysis of Data and Representation

5 Quality of Prototype/Model

6 Report Preparation
(B) Individual Presentation / Viva (Convert above total marks out of 4 Marks)

7 Presentation

8 Defense
Micro-Project Evaluation Sheet

(A) Process and Product Assessment (B) Individual Presentation / Viva Total Marks (10
(6 Marks) (4 marks) Marks)

Comments / Suggestions about team work / leadership / inter-personal communication:

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Name & Designation of the Teacher: Mr. Jitendra Ingale [Senior Lecturer]
Dated Signature: ………………………………
 Teacher Evaluation Sheet

Name of Student: SAWNT SAHIL NITIN Enrollment No: 2205630526 Roll No:104
Name of Program: Computer Engineering Semester: Fifth
Course Title: Environmental studies Code:22447

Title of the Micro Project: Report on Climate Change

Course Outcomes Achieved (COs)
A . Develop public awareness about environment.
B. Select alternative energy resources for engineering practice.
C. Conserve Ecosystem and Biodiversity.
D. Apply techniques to reduce Environmental pollution.
E. Manage social issues and environmental ethics as life long learning
Evaluation as per Suggested Rubric for Assessment of Micro-Project

Sr Characteristic to be Assessed Poor Averag Good Excellent Sub

. (Mark e (Marks (Marks 6- (Marks 9- Total
No s 1-3) 4-5) 8) 10)
(A) Process and Product Assessment (Covert above total marks out of 6 Marks)

1 Relevance to the course

Literature Survey / Information Collection
2
Completion of the Target as per project
3 proposal

4 Analysis of Data and Representation

5 Quality of Prototype/Model

6 Report Preparation
(B) Individual Presentation / Viva (Convert above total marks out of 4 Marks)

7 Presentation

8 Defense
Micro-Project Evaluation Sheet

(A) Process and Product Assessment (B) Individual Presentation / Viva Total Marks (10
(6 Marks) (4 marks) Marks)

Comments / Suggestions about team work / leadership / inter-personal communication:

……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
Name & Designation of the Teacher: Mr. Jitendra Ingale [Senior Lecturer]
Dated Signature: ………………………………