"Government Planning Agencies and Environmental Considerations: Water

Bodies and Mountains"

Prepared by:
Limbo, Ryan Kevin D.

ARCH 3A

Submitted to:
Ar. Gerelson Ray R. Bernardino

March 8, 2023

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 II. Table of Contents
Title Page……………………………………………………………………………………1
Table of Contents…………………………………………………………………………..2
III. Introduction
Background of the Study……………………………………………………………..3
The Purpose of the Study……………………………………………………….……4
The Scope of the Study……………………………………………………….…...…4
IV. Body
Government Planning Agencies…………………………………………………5-7
Planning Consideration on Environment
Water Bodies…………………………………………………………..7-15
Mountain………………………………………………………………15-17
V.Conclusion………………………………………………………………………..….17-18
VI. Recommendations………………………………………………………….….….18-20
VII. References……………………………………………………………….…….….20
VIII. Appendix/Appendices………………………………………………………..….20-21

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 III. Introduction

Government planning agencies play a vital role in shaping both urban and rural
development, ensuring it remains sustainable while also addressing pressing
environmental concerns. With growing populations, the strain on natural resources and
ecosystems becomes more pronounced, emphasizing the need for meticulous planning
and effective management strategies.

In recent times, there's been a heightened recognition of how human activities impact
ecosystems, prompting a greater emphasis on integrating environmental factors into
planning processes. Specifically, water bodies and mountains stand out as crucial
aspects of the natural environment deserving of careful attention during planning.
Water bodies, encompassing rivers, lakes, and coastal areas, are vital for biodiversity,
providing habitats for aquatic life and delivering various ecosystem services. However,
they frequently suffer from pollution, encroachment, and overuse, leading to biodiversity
loss and degradation. Consequently, it's imperative to plan for the sustainable
management and conservation of water bodies to maintain ecological equilibrium and
ensure communities have access to clean water.

Mountains, renowned for their unique landscapes and biodiversity, are indispensable to
ecosystem health, offering resources like freshwater, timber, and medicinal plants.
Nonetheless, they're susceptible to deforestation, soil erosion, and habitat
fragmentation, often due to unsustainable land practices and infrastructure development.
Effective planning for mountains must prioritize conservation, sustainable land
management, and measures to mitigate disaster risks, safeguarding their ecological
balance and supporting mountain communities' livelihoods.

Given these pressing challenges, comprehending how government planning agencies

integrate environmental considerations into their policies and programs is paramount.
This study aims to investigate the approaches these agencies take in tackling
environmental issues, with a specific focus on water bodies and mountains. Through
analyzing existing policies, regulations, and planning frameworks, the study seeks to
pinpoint gaps, opportunities, and best practices for fostering sustainable development
and environmental conservation in urban and rural contexts. Ultimately, this research

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aims to provide valuable insights to inform decision-making processes and advance
efforts towards building environmentally sustainable and resilient communities.

Purpose of the Study

This study aims to thoroughly investigate how government planning agencies
incorporate environmental concerns into their policies and initiatives, focusing
specifically on water bodies and mountain ecosystems. By examining the approaches
taken by these agencies, the study seeks to evaluate the effectiveness of planning
decisions regarding water bodies, such as rivers, lakes, and coastal areas, in promoting
sustainable conservation practices. Additionally, it aims to assess planning strategies
aimed at tackling environmental issues within mountain ecosystems, such as
deforestation, soil erosion, and habitat fragmentation. Through this examination, the
study aims to identify any shortcomings, opportunities, and effective methods in planning
related to water bodies and mountains. By providing valuable insights and
recommendations, the research intends to guide decision-makers and aid in the
development of policies and programs aimed at fostering environmentally sustainable
communities. Ultimately, the study endeavors to contribute to the improvement of urban
and rural planning practices that prioritize the preservation and protection of natural
ecosystems, thereby enhancing resilience and sustainability in the face of environmental
challenges.

Scope of the Study

This study will extensively explore how government planning agencies incorporate
environmental factors into their policies and initiatives, with a particular focus on
managing water bodies and mountain ecosystems. It will examine the different methods
utilized by these agencies to tackle environmental issues in both urban and rural
planning contexts. Specifically, the study will evaluate the effectiveness of planning
decisions regarding water bodies, such as rivers, lakes, and coastal areas, in promoting
sustainable management practices and preserving biodiversity. Additionally, it will
assess the planning strategies implemented to address environmental challenges within
mountain ecosystems, such as deforestation, soil erosion, and habitat fragmentation. By
scrutinizing these elements, the study seeks to uncover any shortcomings, obstacles,
and opportunities in existing planning procedures related to water bodies and mountains.
It aims to provide insights into effective practices and offer recommendations to guide

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decision-making and facilitate the development of policies and programs aimed at
fostering environmentally sustainable communities.

IV. Body

Government Agencies involved in Urban Planning

Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council(HUDCC)
The Housing and Urban Development Coordinating Council (HUDCC), under the
immediate control and supervision of the President of the Philippines, is charged with
main function of coordinating the activities of the government housing agencies to
ensure the accomplishment of the National Shelter Program.

Formulate national objectives for housing and urban development and to design broad
strategies for accomplishment of these objectives;Determine the participation and
coordinate the activities of the key government housing agencies in the national housing
program;Monitor, review and evaluate the effective exercise by these agencies of their
assigned functions;Assist in the maximum participation of the private sector in all
aspects of housing and urban development;Recommend new legislation and
amendments to existing laws as may be necessary for the attainment of government’s
objective in housing;

Formulate the basic policies, guidelines and implementing mechanisms for the disposal
or development of acquired or existing assets of the key housing agencies

Exercise or perform other powers and functions as may be deemed necessary, proper or
incidental to the attainment of its purpose and objectives.

- Section 3. Executive Order No. 90 Series of 1986

Reaffirming mass housing as a centerpiece program in the poverty alleviation efforts of
the government and further strengthening the Housing and Urban Development
Coordinating Council Serves as the lead agency to in formulating the national objectives,
policies and strategies for housing and urban development;Coordinate and monitor the
activities of all government agencies undertaking housing projects, including those of
Local Government Units (LGUs), to ensure the accomplishment

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of the goals of the government’s housing program.

Housing and Land Use Regulatory Board (HLURB)

The HLURB, as the lead agency in the provision of technical assistance to local
government units in the preparation of comprehensive land use plans; regulation
of housing,land development and homeowners association; and adjudications of
disputes related.They are tasked to promulgate and enforce policies on land use,
housing andhome owners associations which promote inclusive growth and economic
advancement,social justice and environmental protection for the equitable distribution
and enjoyment of development benefits.

Home Development Mutual Fund(HDMF)

The Home Development Mutual Fund (HDMF), more popularly known as the Pag-IBIG
Fund, was established to provide a national savings program and affordable shelter
financing for the Filipino worker. The Fund offers its members short-term loans and
access to housingprograms

National Housing Authority (NHA)

Under Presidential Decree 757 dated 31 July 1975. NHA was tasked to develop and
implement a comprehensive and integrated housing program which shall embrace,
among others, housing development and resettlement, sources and schemes of
financing, and delineation of government and private sector participation.NHA was
tasked to develop and implement a comprehensive and integrated housing program
which shall embrace, among others, housing development and resettlement, sources
and schemes of financing, and delineation of government and private sector
participation.NHA was mandated as the sole national government agency to engage in
shelter production focusing on the housing needs of the lowest 30% of the urban
population.NHA was tasked to provide technical and other forms of assistance to local
government units (LGUs) in the implementation of their housing programs; to undertake
identification, acquisition and disposition of lands for socialized housing; and to
undertake relocation and resettlement of families with local government units. (Republic
Act 7279)NHA was tasked with the implementation of the following components of the
National Shelter Program.

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the Resettlement Program, Medium Rise Public and Private Housing, Cost Recoverable
Programs and the Local Housing Program.(Republic Act 7835)NHA was mandated to
focus on socialized housing through the development and implementation of a
comprehensive and integrated housing development and resettlement; speedy
determination and development of government lands suitable for housing; and ensuring
the sustainability of socialized housing funds by improving its collection efficiency,
among others.

Social Housing Financial Corporation(SHFC)

The Social Housing Finance Corporation (SHFC) was created by virtue of Executive
order no. 272 (20 January 2004). The SHFC is a wholly-owned subsidiary of the
National Home Mortgage Finance Corporation (NHMFC) mandated: (a) to undertake
social housing programs that will cater to the formal and informal sectors in the low-
income bracket;and (b) to take charge of developing and administering social housing
programs,particularly the Community Mortgage Program (CMP) and the Abot-Kaya
Pabahay Fund(AKPF) Program (amortization support program and development and
financing program)

Planning Consideration on Environment

Water Bodies

In the context of planning considerations on the environment, "water bodies" refer to

natural or artificial bodies of water such as rivers, lakes, ponds, streams, wetlands,
estuaries, and coastal areas. These water bodies play a crucial role in supporting

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biodiversity, providing habitats for aquatic organisms, regulating climate, and supplying
water for various human activities such as drinking, agriculture, industry, and recreation.

In architecture, the presence of water bodies can significantly influence design

considerations and architectural strategies, particularly in projects that are situated near
or incorporate water features. Here are several ways in which water bodies relate to
architecture:

Site Planning and Design Integration:

Architects may strategically orient buildings and structures to maximize views of water
bodies or incorporate water features into the design to enhance visual aesthetics and
create a sense of tranquility.

Site planning considerations such as topography, hydrology, and microclimate are taken
into account to minimize environmental impacts and optimize the relationship between
built forms and water bodies.

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Climate Resilience and Sustainability:

Water bodies can serve as natural cooling elements, helping to moderate temperatures
and improve thermal comfort in buildings through passive cooling strategies such as
natural ventilation and evaporative cooling.

Architects may design buildings with features such as green roofs, rain gardens, and
water harvesting systems to manage storm water runoff, enhance water quality, and
mitigate flooding risks, thereby promoting sustainability and resilience in the face of
climate change.

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Cultural and Recreational Amenities:

Waterfront developments and buildings located along water bodies often serve as focal
points for cultural, social, and recreational activities, providing opportunities for
waterfront promenades, public parks, outdoor dining, and leisure amenities.
Architectural design can facilitate connections between built environments and water
bodies, creating inviting and accessible spaces that encourage interaction, recreation,
and community engagement.

Ecological Sensitivity and Habitat Preservation:

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Architects may incorporate design features that minimize disturbance to aquatic
ecosystems and protect sensitive habitats near water bodies, such as vegetated buffer
zones, wildlife corridors, and sustainable materials and construction techniques.
Projects located in ecologically sensitive areas may be subject to regulatory
requirements and environmental impact assessments to ensure compliance with
conservation goals and biodiversity conservation objectives.

In summary, water bodies have a profound influence on architectural design

considerations, shaping the built environment and influencing site planning, sustainability
strategies, cultural amenities, and ecological sensitivity in architectural projects.
Architects play a critical role in integrating water bodies into the design process in ways
that enhance environmental quality, promote human well-being, and contribute to the
overall aesthetic and functional success of built environments.

Types of Water Bodies

1. Oceans

Oceans account for the largest types of water bodies. All marine saltwater on Earth
technically connects in a single World Ocean, but the arrangement of continents makes
it more common to distinguish between individual ocean basins.

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Oceans play a significant role in influencing architectural design and development,
particularly in coastal areas and waterfront cities. Here are several ways in which oceans
relate to architecture:

Coastal Development:

Oceans often attract development due to their scenic beauty, recreational opportunities,
and economic potential. Coastal cities and communities frequently feature architectural
styles and building types that respond to the unique coastal environment.

Architects may design buildings and structures with materials and construction
techniques that can withstand saltwater corrosion, high winds, and coastal erosion,
ensuring durability and resilience in the face of oceanic conditions.

Waterfront Architecture:

Waterfront architecture encompasses buildings and structures located along the ocean
shoreline, including marinas, piers, boardwalks, hotels, restaurants, and recreational
facilities.
Architects often prioritize views of the ocean and incorporate design elements that
enhance the waterfront experience, such as expansive windows, outdoor terraces, and
pedestrian-friendly promenades.

Maritime Infrastructure:

Oceans are critical for maritime transportation, trade, and commerce, requiring the
development of port facilities, shipping terminals, and waterfront infrastructure.

Architects may design maritime structures such as docks, wharves, breakwaters, and
lighthouses to accommodate vessel traffic, facilitate cargo handling, and ensure
navigational safety along coastlines and harbors.

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Coastal Resilience:
With rising sea levels and the increasing frequency of extreme weather events,
architects are increasingly involved in designing resilient coastal infrastructure and
buildings that can withstand storm surges, flooding, and other ocean-related hazards.

Coastal development projects may incorporate flood-resistant building techniques, green

infrastructure, and coastal defense systems to protect against erosion and mitigate the
impacts of climate change on coastal communities.

Environmental Conservation:

Oceans are home to diverse marine ecosystems and support a wide range of marine
life, making their conservation and protection a priority for architects and planners.
Architects may design buildings and developments with features that minimize
ecological impacts on coastal habitats, such as vegetated buffer zones, setback
requirements, and sustainable site design practices.

2. Lakes

Lakes play a significant role in influencing architectural planning and design, particularly
in areas where they are prominent features of the landscape. Here are several ways in
which lakes relate to planning considerations on the environment in architecture:

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Site Selection and Orientation:

Architects may consider the presence of lakes when selecting sites for development,
taking into account factors such as views, access to water, and potential impacts on the
surrounding environment.
Buildings and structures may be strategically oriented to maximize views of the lake and
optimize natural light and ventilation while minimizing disturbance to sensitive habitats
and ecosystems.

Ecological Preservation and Conservation:

Lakes are often important habitats for aquatic species and support diverse ecosystems,
including wetlands, riparian zones, and aquatic vegetation.
Architects may incorporate design features that preserve and protect the ecological
integrity of lakes and their surrounding landscapes, such as setbacks, vegetated buffers,
and low-impact development techniques.

Waterfront Development:
Lake shores often attract development due to their recreational opportunities, scenic
beauty, and potential for waterfront living.
Architects may design buildings and structures along the lakeshore to enhance the
waterfront experience, providing amenities such as parks, trails, boat launches, and
waterfront promenades.

Sustainable Water Management:

Architects may integrate sustainable water management strategies into their designs to
minimize impacts on lake water quality and quantity.
Green infrastructure features such as rain gardens, bioswales, and permeable
pavements can help reduce stormwater runoff and filter pollutants before they reach the
lake, improving water quality and supporting aquatic ecosystems.

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Climate Resilience:
Architects may design buildings and developments with climate-resilient features to
adapt to changing lake levels, flood risks, and extreme weather events.
Elevated foundations, flood-resistant materials, and resilient building envelopes can help
mitigate the impacts of flooding and erosion on lakeside properties and reduce
vulnerability to climate-related hazards.

Recreational Amenities:
Lakes provide opportunities for recreational activities such as boating, fishing,
swimming, and picnicking, which can inform the design of recreational facilities and
public spaces.
Architects may design amenities such as docks, beaches, waterfront pavilions, and
viewing platforms to enhance public access and enjoyment of the lake while preserving
its ecological value.

Mountains

Unlocking the Renewable Potential in Mountainous Construction

Mountainous regions boast unique characteristics that make them perfect candidates for
incorporating renewable energy sources. Here are some key takeaways on utilizing
nature's power in mountainous construction:

Hydro power: Surging through Mountain Streams

Mountainous regions offer abundant water resources in the form of rivers and streams.
Harnessing the power of flowing water through hydro power systems can provide a
clean and sustainable energy source. Key advantages include:

 Hydro power is the most widely used renewable energy source globally, with a
market size expected to reach $82 billion by 202
 In mountainous construction, incorporating hydropower systems allows for energy
generation while simultaneously providing irrigation and water supply to surrounding
communities.

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Engineers can utilize rivers' natural flow to generate electricity using turbines and
increase energy efficiency in remote or off-grid regions.
Solar Energy: Brightening the Mountain Peaks

Mountainous regions often experience higher levels of solar irradiation due to their
elevated positions and reduced cloud cover.Embracing solar energy in these areas
presents notable benefits:

 The global solar energy market is projected to reach $223 billion by 2026,
highlighting its immense growth potential.

 Incorporating solar panels in mountainous construction allows for efficient energy

capture and utilization, reducing reliance on non-renewable sources.

 Solar energy can power remote mountain huts, cable cars, and ski resorts, all while
minimizing the environmental impact of traditional energy sources.

Wind Power: Harnessing Mountain Breezes

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Mountainous areas are renowned for their strong and consistent wind patterns, making
them ideal contenders for wind power generation. Some important considerations
include:

 The global wind power market is expected to grow at a CAGR of 2% from 2020 to
2027, highlighting the industry's tremendous potential.

 Integrating wind turbines in mountainous construction allows for sustainable and

reliable wind power utilization.

 Moderate to high-altitude mountainous regions experience strong and consistent

winds, offering consistent electricity production and reducing reliance on non-
renewable energy sources.

V.Conclusion

I Conclude that the intricate relationship between government planning agencies,

environmental concerns, and the presence of water bodies and mountains highlights the
complexity and significance of architectural design in the context of sustainable
development. Government bodies are responsible for balancing economic growth with
environmental protection and social equity, shaping architects' approaches to design
projects through policies and regulations.

Modern architectural practice places a strong emphasis on environmental sustainability,

driven by an increased awareness of the limited availability of natural resources and the
urgent need to address climate change and environmental degradation. Architects must

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navigate various factors such as energy efficiency, biodiversity preservation, and
resilience to natural disasters when planning projects, with water bodies and mountains
representing critical elements that must be carefully incorporated into design processes.

Water bodies, including rivers, lakes, and oceans, are crucial ecosystems that support
diverse plant and animal life while providing essential services like freshwater supply
and flood regulation. Architectural projects near water bodies must prioritize ecological
sensitivity, minimizing disruption to aquatic habitats and water quality while maximizing
opportunities for sustainable development.

Similarly, the rugged terrain and distinct microclimates of mountains present both
challenges and opportunities for architects. Factors such as slope stability, access, and
cultural significance must be carefully considered when siting buildings in mountainous
regions. Moreover, mountains play a vital role in influencing regional weather patterns
and serving as water catchment areas, necessitating architectural interventions that
preserve these natural functions while celebrating the aesthetic and cultural value of
mountain landscapes.

To address the complexities of planning considerations related to water bodies and

mountains, architects must collaborate with experts from various fields and engage with
local communities. Through inclusive design processes and stakeholder participation,
architects can ensure that their projects not only meet functional needs but also reflect
the values and aspirations of the communities they serve.

Ultimately, integrating environmental considerations into architectural planning

processes is essential for creating sustainable, resilient, and culturally sensitive built
environments. By embracing sustainable design principles, architects can contribute to
the preservation of natural ecosystems, the enhancement of community resilience, and
the promotion of human well-being, thereby leaving a positive legacy for future
generations.

VI. Recommendations
Given the intricate interplay between government planning agencies, environmental
considerations, and the presence of water bodies and mountains in architectural

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planning, several comprehensive recommendations emerge to ensure sustainable
development and environmental stewardship:

Enhanced Coordination and Collaboration: Government planning agencies should

foster interdisciplinary collaboration between environmental scientists, architects, urban
planners, and local communities. This collaboration should extend to the development of
comprehensive land-use plans that integrate environmental considerations, such as the
protection of water bodies and mountains, into urban and rural development strategies.
Integrated Planning Approaches: Government agencies should adopt integrated
planning approaches that consider the interconnectedness of natural systems and
human activities. This includes incorporating watershed and ecosystem-based planning
principles to manage water resources sustainably and preserve the ecological integrity
of water bodies and mountainous regions.

Policy Development and Implementation: Government planning agencies should

develop and enforce policies and regulations that prioritize environmental protection and
sustainable development. This may involve implementing zoning ordinances that restrict
development in environmentally sensitive areas, such as floodplains and steep slopes,
while promoting incentives for green building practices and conservation measures.

Sustainable Infrastructure Development: Government agencies should invest in

sustainable infrastructure projects that minimize environmental impact and enhance
resilience to natural hazards. This includes the design and construction of green
infrastructure solutions, such as storm water management systems and erosion control
measures, to mitigate the negative effects of urbanization on water bodies and mountain
ecosystems.

Public Education and Outreach: Government planning agencies should engage in

public education and outreach efforts to raise awareness about the importance of
environmental conservation and responsible land use practices. This may involve
conducting educational campaigns, hosting community workshops, and providing
resources for sustainable living practices, such as water conservation and habitat
restoration.

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Stakeholder Engagement and Empowerment: Government agencies should actively
involve local stakeholders, including indigenous communities and marginalized groups,
in the decision-making process. This includes consulting with communities affected by
proposed development projects, incorporating traditional ecological knowledge into
planning processes, and empowering local residents to participate in environmental
monitoring and stewardship activities.

Investment in Research and Innovation: Government planning agencies should

allocate resources for research and innovation in sustainable development practices.
This includes funding research initiatives focused on improving the understanding of
water and mountain ecosystems, developing innovative design solutions for resilient
infrastructure, and fostering the adoption of cutting-edge technologies for environmental
monitoring and management.

International Cooperation and Exchange: Government planning agencies should

collaborate with international partners and participate in global networks to share
knowledge, best practices, and technical expertise in environmental planning and
management. This may involve participating in international conferences, engaging in
joint research projects, and facilitating knowledge exchange programs to address
common environmental challenges.

VII. References
https://guides.library.pdx.edu/c.php?g=332588&p=2234858
https://www.daera-ni.gov.uk/topics/environmental-advice-planners/key-
environmental-considerations-planning-consultations
https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S0195925517303785
https://sciencing.com/different-types-water-bodies-6525786.html
https://utilitiesone.com/environmental-considerations-in-mountainous-construction-
projects

VIII.Appendix/Appendices

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Appendix A: Government Planning Agencies
1. United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)
2. Department of City Planning (DCP)
3. Department of Regional Planning (DRP)
4 .Department of Environmental Conservation (DEC)
5. National Institute for Land and Infrastructure Management (NILIM)
6. Planning Department of the United Nations (UNDP)

Appendix B: Planning Consideration on Environment

1.Sustainable Land Use Planning
2.Biodiversity Conservation
3.Climate Change Mitigation and Adaptation
4.Natural Resource Management
5.Urban Heat Island Reduction
6.Waste Management and Recycling Programs
7.Transportation Planning for Reduced Emissions
8.Green Infrastructure Development
Appendix C: Types of Water Bodies
1.Oceans
2.Seas
3.Lakes
4.Rivers
5.Streams
6.Ponds
7.Wetlands
8.Estuaries
Appendix D: Mountainous Environmental Considerations
1.Slope Stability
2.Access and Transportation Infrastructure
3.Biodiversity Conservation
4.Ecosystem Services (e.g., Water Regulation)
5.Cultural and Historical Preservation
6.Natural Hazard Management (e.g., Landslides, Avalanches)
7.Microclimate Influence

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8.Sustainable Tourism Development

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