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NUMBER SYSTEM
Exercise 1(d)
1. (a) Find the product of (√2 + 1) and (√2 – 1). Is this product rational or irrational?
(a) State whether (13 + √5)(13 − √5) is a rational number.

2. Rationalize the denominator of each of the following:

1 6 2 1
(i) (NCERT) (ii) (iii) (iv)
√2 √3 √6 √18

2√3 2 3 √5 √2
(v) (vi) √ (vii) (viii) 5√6
3√2 3 5 2√3

√3 √10 − √5 √2 + √3
(ix) 2√6 (x) (xi)
√2 √6

3. If√2 = 1.414, √3 = 1.732, √5 = 2.236, √10 = 3.162, find the value of following expressions:
2 1 √2
(a) (b) (c)
√3 √10 √5
√2 + 1 2 + √3 √2 − 1
(d) (e) (f)
√5 3 √5

4. Simplify:
1 27 3
(a) 2
√486– √ 2 (b) 4√2 + 2√8 − √2
1 7 1 1
(c) √150 – 4√6 + √294 – 2√6 (d) 3√147 − 3 √3 −
√27

5. Rationalize the denominator of each of the following:

1 1 1
(a) (b) (NCERT) (c)
−1 √2 −2 √7 3 + √2
3 2 6
(d) (NCERT) (e) (f) (NCERT)
2 + √3 3 − √7 √5 + √2
5 4 5
(g) (NCERT) (h) (i)
√3 − √5 √7 + √3 √7 + √10
1 −2 √2 + 1
(j) (NCERT) (k) (l)
7 + 3√2 7 − 3√5 √2 − 1
2 + √3 3 − 2√2 5 + 2√3
(m) (n) (o)
2 − √3 3 + 2√2 5 − 2√3
7 − 3√5 √3 + √2 √5 − √3
(p) (q) (r)
7 + 3√5 √3 − √2 √5 + √3
3√2 + 2√3 2√2 √3 + √2
(s) 3√2 − 2√3 (t) (u)
√3 − √2 √6 − 1

6. Find the values of unknowns in each of the following equations:

√3 − 1 3 + √2
(i) = 𝑎 + 𝑏√3 (ii) = 𝑎 + 𝑏√2
√3 + 1 3 − √2

5 + 2√3 5 + √6
(iii) = 𝑝 + 𝑞√3 (iv) = 𝑎 + 𝑏√6
7 + 4√3 5 − √6

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3 + √7 3 + 2√2
(v) = 𝑎 + 𝑏√7 (vi) = 𝑥 + 𝑦√2
3 − √7 3 − √2

√11 − √7 5 + 2√3
(vii) = 𝑎 − 𝑏√77 (viii) = 𝑎 − √3𝑏
√11 + √7 7 + 4√3

5 + √3
(ix) = 47𝑎 + √3𝑏
7 − 4√3

1 1
7. If 𝑥 = √2 + 1, find the values of (a) 𝑥 + 𝑥 (b) 𝑥 − 𝑥
1 1
8. If 𝑥 = 2 − √3, find the values of (a) 𝑥 + 𝑥 (b) 𝑥 − 𝑥
1 3
9. If 𝑥 = √3 − 2, find the value of (𝑥 + )
𝑥
1 1
10. If 𝑥 = 3 + 2√2, find the values of (a) 𝑥 + (b) − 𝑥
𝑥 𝑥
1 1
11. If 𝑎 = 2 + √3, find the value of (A) 𝑎2 + 𝑎2 (B) 𝑎2 − 𝑎2
1
12. If x = (3 + √8), find the value of (𝑥 2 + 𝑥 2 )
1
13. If x = 4 + √15, find the value of 𝑥 3 − 𝑥 3 .
1
14. If 𝑎 = 5 + 2√6 and 𝑏 = 𝑎, find the values of (a) 𝑎2 + 𝑏 2 (b) 𝑎3 + 𝑏 3

15. Evaluate:
(a) √3 − 2√2 (b) √5 + 2√6 (c) √8 + 2√15
(d) √7 − 4√3 (e) √6 + 4√2 (f) √7 − 2√10
1
16. If 𝑥 = 3 + 2√2, find √𝑥 +
√𝑥
1
17. If 𝑥 = 3 − 2√2, find √𝑥 −
√𝑥

18. Evaluate: (√5 + 2√6 + √8 − 2√15)

19. Simplify:
√5 − 1 √5 + 1 4 + √5 4 − √5
(a) + (b) − 4+
√5 + 1 √5 − 1 4 − √5 √5
3 2 √3 + √2 √3 − √2
(c) 5 − + 5+ (d) + +
√3 √3 √3 − √2 √3 √2
2 5
20. Find the values of a and b, if + = 𝑎√3 + 𝑏√5
√3 + √5 √3 − √5
7 + 3√5 7 − 3√5
21. Find the values of a and b, if 3 + √5
− 3 − √5
= 𝑎 + √5𝑏
25
22. Evaluate after rationalizing the denominator: ( ), given that √5 = 2.236 and √10 = 3.16
√40 − √80

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5 3
23. Evaluate: 3√3 + 2√2 − 3√3 − 2√2, given that √2 = 1.414 and √3 = 1.732
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
24. Simplify: + + + + + + +
√2 + √1 √3 + √2 √4 + √3 √5 + √4 √6 + √5 √7 + √6 √8 + √7 √9 + √8
1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1
25. Prove that 1 + + + + + + + + =2
√2 √2 + √3 √3 + √4 √4 + √5 √5 + √6 √6 + √7 √7 + √8 √8 + √9
1 1 1 1 1
26. Prove that: 3 − − + − + =5
√8 √8 − √7 √7 − √6 √6 − √5 √5 − 2

27. Simplify:
2√6 6√2 8√3 3√2 4√3 √6
(i) + − (ii) + +
√2 + √3 √6 + √3 √6 + √2 √3+ √6 √2+√6 √2+√3
3√2 2√3 4√3
(iii) + −
√6− √3 √6 + 2 √6 − √2

28. If 𝑥 = √2 − 1, prove that 𝑥 2 + 2𝑥 − 1 = 0

√3 − √2 √3 + √2
29. If 𝑥 = and = , find the value of 𝑥 2 + 𝑥𝑦 + 𝑦 2 .
√3 + √2 √3 − √2

30. Rationalize the denominator of the following:

1 1 1
(a) 1 + − (b) (c)
√2 √3 + − √3 √2 √5 √7 + √6 − √13
6 1 1
(b) (e) (f)
√3 − √2 + √5 √5 + √6 − √11 √2+ √3+ √5

Success usually comes to those who are too busy to be looking for it. Henry David Thoreau

Answers to questions of Exercise 1(d)

√2 √6 √2 √6
2. (i) (ii) 2√3 (iii) (iv) (v)
2 3 6 3
2√15 √15 √3 √2 2√5 − √10
(vi) (vii) (viii) 15 (ix) (x)
15 6 4 2
√3 √2
(xi) + 2
3
3.(a) 1.155 (b) 0.3162 (c) 0.6324 (d) 1.079 (e) 1.244
(f) 0.185
13√2 23√6 181√3
4. (a) 3√6 (b) 2
(c) 3
(d) 9
√7 + 2 (3 − √2)
5. (a) √2 + 1 (b) (c) (d) 3(2 − √3) (e) 3 + √7
3 7
5 5(√7−√10) 7−3√2
(f) 2(√5 − √2) (g) – 2 (√3 + √5) (h) √7 − √3 (i)− (j)
3 31
–(7+ 3√5) 37 20√3
(k) (l) 3 + 2√2 (m) 7 + 4√3 (n) 17 − 2√2 (o) 13 +
2 13
47 21√5
(p) − (q) 5 + 2√6 (r) 4 – √15 (s) 5 + 2√6 (t) 4 + 2√6
2 2
4√2 3√3
(u) +
5 5
11 6 31 10
6. (i) a = 2, b = –1 (ii) a = , b=7 (iii) a = 11, b = –6 (iv) a = 19 , b = 19 (v) a= 8, b= 3
7
13 9 9 1
(vi) a = ,𝑏 = 7 (vii) a = 2 , 𝑏 = 2 (viii) a = 11 , b = 6 (ix) a = 1, b = 27
7

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7. (a) 2√2 (b) 2 8. (a) 4 (b) −2√3 9. –64
10. (a) 6 (b)−4√2 11. (A) 14 (B) 8√3
12. 34 13. 14√15 14. (a) 98, (b) 970
15. (a)√2 − 1 (b) √3 + √2 (c) √5 + √3 (d) 2 − √3
(e) 2 + √2 (f)√5 − √2 16. 2√2
17. –2 18. √2 + √5
16√5 25 + √3
19. (a) 3 (b) (c) (d) 10
11 22
7 3
20. 𝑎 = − 2 , 𝑏 = − 2 21. a = 0, b= 1 22. –9.542 23. 0.64 24. 2
27. (i) 0 (ii) 6√2 − 2√6 (iii) 0 28. 3 29. 99
1 √2 + √6 3√2 + 2√3 + √30 7√6+6√7+√546 √30 + 2√3 − 3√2
30. (a) 2 + 4 (b) (c) (d)
12 84 2
5√6 + 6√5 + √330 2√3+ 3√2 − 30
(e) 60
(f) 12

It is during our darkest moments that we must focus to see the light.

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