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5G Technologies and Ghana
5G Technologies and Ghana
Part 1
What is 5G?
2
What is 5G?
5G
30~50ms
3
Key Usage Scenarios Drive for 5G
eMBB
4K/8K UHD AR & VR Cloud Gaming Enhanced Mobile Media Home Broadband In-venue Wireless In-car
10 Gbps & TV Broadband Operations
Video
mMTC URLLC
1 million connections/km2 1 ms Smart Agriculture Logistics Smart City
Smart Homes/Buildings Energy & Utilities
5G connections will go beyond human beings’ communications, and will enable intelligent internet of things in the future. Next
generation of telecommunication technologies will be adopted by a wider range of industries and sectors.
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eMBB
Tactile Internet 4K/8K, UHD Video Sports Stadiums HD Augmented Reality Virtual Reality
Speed DL UL
Speed experienced by users 100 Mbps 50 Mbps 100-200 Mbps
Peak rate 20 Gbps 10 Gbps
Peak spectral efficiency 30 bps/Hz 15 bps/Hz
Cloud PC
Sources: ITU-R, Minimum requirements for IMT-2020, Huawei
4G 10-20 Mbps
Resolution 2D 3D
4K ~25Mbps ~50Mbps 3G 1 Mbps …
Cloud VR/AR/MR Cloud Gaming
8K ~100Mbps ~200Mbps
5G will carry the heavily loaded data transmission required for VR/AR graphics, industrial video for machine monitoring, live
stream etc., where large amounts of media and data will need to be supported for uplink or/and downlink communications.
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FWA
Stage 1: FWA User Improvement Stage 2: Enhanced Home APP Stage 3: In-venue Ecosystem Exploring
• Broadband + 4K + VR • Home Cloud, Home Security • Smart Home, Wireless Health/ Education, etc
Home
IPTV Entertainment
SMART
HOME
Home Security SMART Home Health
Camera Data Connect interact HOME
LTE-A 5G
5G will provide an attractive alternative to complement existing provisioning of gigabit home broadband. Close cooperation
between the telecom operator and the service creator will help to improve chances of success in the market.
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Smart Healthcare
Concerning medical video services, 5G provides suffitient bandwidth to support multi-channel HD videos and VR/AR in
healthcare. As for medical operations, 5G supports remote sense of touch and eye tracking.
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5G Fights Against Covid-19 and Improves the Efficiency of Diagnosis and Treatment in
China
5G remote consultation 5G ambulance 5Gremote diagnosis 5G Mobile trolley
Multi-hospital expert consultation Timely treatment of critically ill patients Improve the efficiency of medical staff The most popular 5G application
In response to the disease, multiple Hospital experts remotely intervene in Remote treatment by remote experts to Reduce the number of quarantine by
expert meetings discussed, reached ambulances to improve the efficiency of improve medical efficiency medical staff to reduce the risk of
consensus, etc. experts infection
5G Unmanned vehicle Non-contact temp. detection Medical robot 5G Mobile detection vehicle
Timely supply, contactless delivery Epidemic prevention and control Medical equipment handling Flexible docking, get medical treatment
Unmanned vehicles deliver items to Reduce the risk of cross-contamination Reduce the risk of personnel infection in nearby
designated locations to reduce contact caused by contact temperature the quarantine area Reduce the possibility of cross infection
infection measurement,±0.3℃ due to going to the hospital
During the epidemic, 5G enabled a large number of applications such as remote medicine, remote prevention and control, and remote diagnosis and
treatment, and improved medical efficiency with technology
5G Enable Live Streaming of Famous Attractions
China Telecom 5G Zolmo Lungma View Broadcasting 5G Safari Broadcasting l
Live broadcasting
from A.S.L. 5000M
Business Value :
• 4K UHD, VR View, 360° Immersive Experience
• 6M Customers Watched live broadcasting from China
Telecom APP Cope with Tiktok, Youtube , facebook, use Web/APP live
broadcasting of live wild scene for brand advocating
5G Enable Factory Automation
China Mobile 5G Based Intelligent Ningbo Port Proposal for Kenya 5G based industrial solutions
Truck Auto Driving 5G+AI container piling Chemical Factory where is dangerous High-tech Factory requiring
for human advanced skills
Auto Pooling Pilots Intelligent gantry crane Office park demanding 5G Mombasa Port Automaton
Private line
Commercial Model: Commercial Model:
• Professional Port Integration Corporation as the primary • Cope with professional industrial
integrator, integrating Telco 5G solutions Integrators for automation solutions towards
& other equipment vendors 5G suitable scenarios (High-tech, Toxic etc)
Part 2
5G KEY TECHNOLOGIES
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New Air Interface Technology
Massive MIMO
Full duplex (Spatial multiplexing)
Increase the throughput.
(Full-duplex mode)
Increase the throughput.
Air interface
Mobile Adaptive
IoT
Internet
Polar
SCMA encoding
(Multiple access) (Channel code)
Increase the number of connections. Improve reliability.
Shorten the delay. F-OFDM Reducing power
consumption
(Flexible waveform)
Flexibly coping with different services
Page 12
5G Standard Progress Update
Phase1 Phase2
Phase 1 Phase 2
NR Framework Architecture NR Improvement Vertical Digitalization
• Waveform & Channel Coding • NR/LTE Co-existing • New Multiple Access • uRLLC Enhancement
• Frame Structure, Numerology • UL&DL Decoupling • eMBB Sub6G Enhancement • mMTC
• Native MIMO • CU-DU Split • Self-Backhaul • D2D
• Flexible Duplex • NSA / SA • V2X
• Unlicensed
Others: uRLLC
Coverage Gain of Massive MIMO Beamforming
The eNodeB selects multiple UEs for scheduling and uses Multiple antennas to transmit/receive
multi-stream data to/from these difference UEs
Different users receive/transmit different data streams to implement concurrent data transmission
SA vs NSA:
NR in SA/NSA Architecture
EPC NG
EPC CORE
S1
S1 NG-C NG-U
LTE 5G NR
LTE 5G NR
Data Split
Control plane Control plane
User plane User plane
EPC NG Core
• Focus on eMBB • eMBB/URLLC/mMTC all usage scenario and
• LTE as anchor, reuse current network slicing
LTE NR NR
EPC, 5G NR quick introduction • New Core required
• Voice: Via LTE,VoLTE or CSFB • Voice:VoNR or CSFB(under discussion)
3GPP's Release 15 non-standalone (NSA, option3) standard was completed in December 2017; standalone (SA, option2)
standard was frozen in June 2018; and the late drop standard(option4/7) will be frozen by the 1st quarter of 2019.
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New Architecture to Support Vertical Industries
Ultra HD
Developer
Voice
Consumer
Real-time NFV+SDN Telco-OS
service
Partner
Unified control plane +
IoT service User plane of multiple services Carrier
Industry requirements define the Architecture based on cloud and big data
slice
Page 19
Enhanced 5G Security
5G L=256
L=256
L=128 Anti-alter
VS VS VS VS
MCE
Cache
Business Application E2E Slice
Local DC Regional DC Management
CO
Business Model Design SLA Definition
IoT Server
Slice Function
Physical Infrastructure Define
Adaptive New Radio and Topology as a Service Cloud-Native Architecture & Internet Architectural Operation
When utilising network slicing, business customers have access to highly customized networks tailored to their specific
requirements in a cost effective, timely and efficient way which can be governed by a service level agreement.
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Target: High Quality Service need for 100 Mbit/s Continuous Coverage
Initial stage: Smartphones, HDTV, and basic VR Mid stage: 8K TV/VR Forecast of traffic growth during busy hours
(Based-on Prediction)
DL Traffic
UL Traffic
Resolution 2D 3D
Uplink and downlink
720P ~1.5Mbps -
1080P ~4Mbps - traffic ratio
2K ~10Mbps - 1:10~1:7
4K ~25Mbps ~50Mbps
8K ~100Mbps ~200Mbps 2016 2020 2024 2028
64T64R Massive MIMO: Major Macro Base Station Solution
2600M C-Band
2100M
1900M
1800M ~100MHz
900M
800M
700M • 64T supports horizontal and vertical beamforming
Wide Bandwidth 3D MIMO and scanning
100MHz/ carrier 64T64R
3.5G
64T64R
AAU
3.5G 64T AAU BBU5900 Baseband Process
5G PROGRESSES
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Standardization
Standardization can reduce the cost for a massive number of users and address the issue of global roaming, which helps
achieve economies of scale.
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Spectrum
Finland France Germany Italy USA Egypt Saudi Arabia, Switzerland Denmark Sweden UK Romania Slovenia Canada
700 2*30 MHz 2*30 MHz 2*30 MHz 2*30 MHz 84 MHz 2*10 MHz2*30 +2*20 MHz 2018 2018 2018 2019 2019 2019 2019
MHz
UAE Oman Qatar Tunisia Mexico, 2019-2020
Finland Czech Hungary Ireland Poland Italy Norway Austria Germany Sweden Switzerland Brazil Kuwait Qatar
390 MHz 200 MHz 2*30+20 MHz 350 MHz 84 MHz 200 MHz 190 MHz 2019 2019 2020 2019 2019 2018
C Band Russia
Romania Spain UK Slovakia UAE Saudi Arabia Japan Hongkong France Denmark Turkey
2*55+145 MHz 360 MHz 2*20+234 MHz2*80+240 MHz 200 MHz 2019 2019 2019 2019 2019 2020 2020
2.6 GHz USA China Japan Thailand Vietnam Myanmar Norway Saudi Arabia, UAE
trial 2021 2019 2019 2019 2020 2019 2019
26 GHz Italy Korea USA Germany Portugal Romania Spain UK Sweden Finland
1 GHz 2.4 GHz
USA, 2018 Japan,2019 UAE Bahrain Qatar Australia
The governments have been actively planning and allocating harmonized and contiguous spectrum blocks for 5G. C-Band is
the primary band amongst a combination of high, medium, and low-frequency bands for 5G.
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Source:Cullen, open
Part 4
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Economy
Global 5G coverage and adoption Global 5G value chain output and employment in 2035
34%
29% 1.1
25%
22%
0.8 United States Korea Japan
Gross output $719B Gross output $120B Gross output $492B
17% Employment 3.4M Employment 963K Employment 2.1M
0.5
0.3
8%
0.1
United Kingdom Germany France
2020 2021 2022 2023 2024 2025
5G connections Population Gross output $76B Gross output $202B Gross output $85B
(billions) coverage Employment 605K Employment 1.2M Employment 396K
Source:GSMA Intelligence Source:IHS, The 5G economy: How 5G technology will contribute to the global economy
Contribution of 5G to Canadian Economy 5G’s productivity benefit on real Australian GDP per capita in 2050
Per
person
$1,900 $2,700 $7,600 $8,400 by 2050
eMBB is the clearest potential 5G use case in early deployments and will support the delivery of high-definition video, immersive
communication and smart city services, under laid by capacity, latency, MEC, virtualized networks and network slicing.
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Economy
When taking into account the economic activity supported in other sectors of the economy, the total economic output enabled
globally by 5G by 2035 is estimated as $12.3 trillion.
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Part 4
5G Infrastructure
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Infrastructure
Fits for the Purpose for 5G Networks Roll-out - Access to Utility Poles, etc.
eMBB Service: High Peak-to-Average Pole Site Eliminates Gaps of User Easy Deployment on Site
Ratio Experience
3.5G AAU
THR
Gbps 64T64R
55% 4G:RRU+Antenna
Volume
1000 X 5G AAU 5G AAU
100 Mbps 23%
Mbps Weight
4G:RRU+Antenna
4G Parapet
Antenna+RRU
Busy Hour Idle Hour Time
C Band
Main Pole + Overlay Dual poles
Room Limitation Leads to Poor Coverage in Dense 200MHz BW / 200W, 64TRX Secondary Pole
Room Limitation in
70% Dense Urban
We recommend that governments and public sector organizations push for sharing of public infrastructures with network carriers
(e.g. sidewalks, street lights, roofs of public buildings) so that they can build 5G base stations more efficiently.
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Infrastructure
Multi-mode RRU
Traditional Macro
(Difficult site conditions)
Lamppost
Solutions
(Simple
site
conditions)
1.6 10x
All in 1 5 Modes Gbps Capacity
WiFi / G / U / L / NB / 5G
5G LampSite
2 Trans Beijing Airport
Fiber / CAT6A 1,400,000㎡ Terminal Area 2000+
5G pRRU
3 Bands 4T4R
1.8G / 2.1G / C-band
5G Scenarios
Office Airport Metro Train Station Shopping Mall Stadium Hospital Cafe
3
6
Infrastructure
Some regulators have already stepped up co-usability of infrastructures for the development of 5G cells, especially looked for
solutions to facilitate access to public sector properties owned by the Government and local authorities.
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5G
Lives in
Harmony
With Nature
Many great inventions in history were initially misunderstood by ignorant people
Noise Monster!
The invention of the steam engine The invention of aircraft The first vaccination of vaccinia
Brought a leap in productivity A major revolution in the history of In 1979, the WTO declared that "smallpox
human transportation disappeared on the earth“
VS VS VS
Watt invented the steam engine in 1776, the In 1903, the first flight of the Wright brothers In 1796 doctor Jenna invented the vaccine, but rumor
public were worried that the huge pressure succeeded, the public were worried about safty has it that people will grow horns after use it
of steam will cause explosion and firmly opposed
Coronavirus appears 80 years earlier than 5G network
• Coronaviruses are a type of virus widely existing in nature, and there are currently 50 recorded
coronaviruses.
• The new coronavirus pneumonia (Coronavirus 2019, COVID-19) is one of the seventh known coronaviruses
that can infect humans.
2.6/3.5GHz 4G & 5G
3.5GHz and 2.6GHz have been widely used for
The two newly-built hospitals have made tremendous contributions to
the "anti-epidemic"; they both use the 5G network to support all 3G and 4G by operators for more than ten years!
internal and external communications, and patients are currently
recovering.
5G, like 4G and 3G, is only electromagnetic waves
5G, 4G, 3G are all safe low frequency 5G and 4G, 3G frequency bands
electromagnetic waves have been widely used
Output Power Per Beam By 5G, Lower 5G signal received by user is weaker than
Than Light Bulb home appliance
5G 64T64R AAU output power is 200W, 16 beams for
beamforming, only 12.5W per beam, which is lower than light
bulb
Microwave oven
1~10mW/m2 4mW/m2 50~100mW/m2
12.5W 5G AAU
VS
Household Light Bulb: Automobile Front Light:
20~200W 50~80W User contact signal
strength:
0.1~0.5mW/m2
EMF Area
20W 100W 200W
The Road to 5G
Aspiration
Roadmap
Making spectrum available in a timely manner
Reviewing existing telecommunications regulatory arrangements to ensure they are fit-for-purpose for the future
Actively engaging in the international standardization process
Stimulating the experiment and demonstration to promote the taken-up of technology(coverage, penetration, etc.)
Streamlining arrangements to allow the carriers to deploy infrastructure by timetable
It’s dedicated to settle down the targets, leverage existing resources, unlock bottlenecks, ease the procedures and provide the certainty for
investment over the long term.
Vision and Mission
Bring digital to every person, home and organization for a fully connected,
intelligent world.
Thank you
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