Republic of the Philippines

Department of Education
Region IV-A CALABARZON
Schools Division of Laguna
Don Manuel Rivera Memorial Integrated National High School
Bulilan Sur, Pila, Laguna
Name: ___________________________________________ Group #: __________________
Strand/Section: _________________________________ Date:______________________

Laboratory Activity #6 Comparative Anatomy

Part A. Homologous Structure
Materials
Glue, pair of scissors and paper
Procedures
Shown below are images of the skeletal structure of the front limbs of 6 animals: human,
crocodile, whale, cat, bird, and bat. Each animal has a similar set of bones. Color code each of
the bones according to this key:
Humerus [ Red ] Ulna [ Blue ] Radius [ Green ] Carpals [ Orange ]
Metacarpals [ Yellow ] Phalanges [ Purple ]
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region IV-A CALABARZON
Schools Division of Laguna
Don Manuel Rivera Memorial Integrated National High School
Bulilan Sur, Pila, Laguna
For each animal, indicate what type of movement each limb is responsible for.
Animal Primary Functions
Human Using tools, picking up and holding objects

Whale

Cat

Bat

Bird

Crocodile

Compare the skeletal structure of each limb to the human arm. Relate the differences
you see in form to the differences in function.
Animal Comparison to Human Arm in Form Comparison to Human Arm in
Function
Whale Whale has a much shorter and The whale fin needs to be longer
thicker humerus, radius, and ulna. to help in movement through
Much longer metacarpals. Thumb has water. Thumbs are not
been shortened to a stub. necessary as the fins are not
used for grasping.
Cat

Bat

Bird

Crocodile
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region IV-A CALABARZON
Schools Division of Laguna
Don Manuel Rivera Memorial Integrated National High School
Bulilan Sur, Pila, Laguna
Part B Analogous Structure

Compare the anatomy of the butterfly and bird wing below.

1. What is the function of each of these structures? What do scientists infer from the
similarities between these two structures?
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2. How are they different in form? Give specific differences.

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3. Read the research article using this source:

Garcia, Vhon & Papa, Rey Donne & Briones, Jonathan & Mendoza, Norman & Okuda,
Noboru & Diesmos, Arvin. (2014). Food Habits and Distribution of the Lake Taal Sea
Snake (Hydrophis semperi Garman 1881) and the Sympatric Little File Snake
(Acrochordus granulatus Schneider 1799) in Lake Taal, Philippines. Asian
Herpetological Research. 5. 255-262. 10.3724/SP.J.1245.2014.00255.

From the research, compared and contrast the food habits and behavior of sea snake
lives in Taal Lake and in Visayas and Mindanao. (Read another article to support your
statement.)
 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region IV-A CALABARZON
Schools Division of Laguna
Don Manuel Rivera Memorial Integrated National High School
Bulilan Sur, Pila, Laguna
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 Republic of the Philippines
Department of Education
Region IV-A CALABARZON
Schools Division of Laguna
Don Manuel Rivera Memorial Integrated National High School
Bulilan Sur, Pila, Laguna
Part C. Vestigial Structures
Below are some vestigial structures found in humans. For each, hypothesize what its
function may have been.
Structure Possible Function
Wisdom teeth

Appendix

Muscle for moving

the ear

Body hair

Tail bone

Little toe

1. How are vestigial structures an example of evidence of evolution?

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