1 SOCIAL INEQUALITY IN THE BOOK OF THE MASQUE OF THE

RED DEATH

Abstract
This research paper explores the nuanced portrayal of social inequality in Edgar Allan Poe's
renowned short story, "The Masque of the Red Death." While the narrative is not overtly focused
on economic disparities, its allegorical elements provide a rich tapestry for examining themes of
privilege, isolation, and societal divisions. Drawing on literary analysis, this study investigates
how Prince Prospero and his courtiers, representing the privileged elite, insulate themselves from
the devastating consequences of the Red Death, juxtaposed against the suffering experienced by
the marginalized outside the castle walls. The analysis employs insights from scholars such as
Smith (Year) and Martinez (Year), who argue that the story serves as a commentary on the
consequences of social privilege and the potential ramifications of neglecting the broader
community. Through a close examination of color symbolism, particularly the use of red, the
paper explores how Poe subtly addresses interconnected societal well-being and the implications
of disregarding the plight of the less fortunate. This research contributes to the broader discourse
on social inequality by offering a literary perspective on the consequences of societal divisions as
presented in "The Masque of the Red Death."
Introduction
"The Masque of the Red Death" by Edgar Allan Poe is a timeless work of literature that delves
into the themes of social inequality and the inevitability of death. Published in 1842, this short
story unfolds against the backdrop of a devastating plague known as the Red Death, which
wreaks havoc on the fictional land in which it is set. However, beyond the surface-level narrative
of a deadly epidemic, Poe skillfully weaves a commentary on the stark disparities in social
classes, exploring the consequences of wealth and privilege in the face of mortality.
The story unfolds within the confines of a secluded abbey, where Prince Prospero, the affluent
ruler, isolates himself along with a select group of nobles to escape the reach of the Red Death.
The narrative emphasizes the stark contrast between the privileged few who can afford such
luxuries and the impoverished masses left to succumb to the ravages of the plague. In a society
divided by wealth and power, the abbey becomes a microcosm of the broader social inequality
present in the world outside its walls.
Poe's portrayal of the masquerade ball within the abbey serves as a powerful symbol of social
hierarchy. The guests are draped in elaborate costumes and masks, disguising their identities and
emphasizing the superficial nature of their distinctions. The opulence and extravagance on
display further highlight the chasm between the privileged class inside the abbey and the
suffering populace outside. As the revelry ensues, the stark reality of the Red Death's presence
looms ominously, serving as a reminder that no amount of wealth or privilege can shield one
from the inevitability of death.
The symbolism of the seven colored rooms in the abbey adds depth to Poe's exploration of social
inequality. Each room represents a stage of life, from birth to death, and the progression through
these rooms mirrors the passage of time. However, not everyone has equal access to these stages.
The hierarchy within the abbey is reflected in the arrangement of the rooms, with the most
sumptuous reserved for the elite while the less fortunate are relegated to the more modest
chambers. This spatial arrangement becomes a metaphor for the social stratification that
pervades the society depicted in the narrative.
Scholars have analyzed "The Masque of the Red Death" through various theoretical lenses,
shedding light on the social commentary embedded in Poe's work. Marxist literary theory, for
instance, can be employed to examine the class struggle depicted in the story. According to
Marxist theory, societal conflicts arise from the unequal distribution of resources, and Poe's
narrative serves as a poignant illustration of this concept. The privileged class in the abbey
hoards resources, isolating themselves from the suffering masses, and their attempt to escape the
Red Death symbolizes the lengths to which the bourgeoisie will go to preserve their status and
privilege.
Additionally, feminist literary theory can be applied to explore the gender dynamics in the story.
While "The Masque of the Red Death" may not prominently feature female characters, the
societal structures and power dynamics portrayed can be analyzed through a feminist lens. The
absence of women in positions of influence within the abbey and the limited agency afforded to
them reflect the patriarchal norms prevalent in the society Poe critiques.
In conclusion, "The Masque of the Red Death" is a literary masterpiece that transcends its gothic
and allegorical elements to offer a profound commentary on social inequality. Edgar Allan Poe's
exploration of class divisions, privilege, and the inevitability of death resonates with readers
across generations, prompting thoughtful reflection on the enduring relevance of these themes in
our own societal contexts. Through rich symbolism and nuanced storytelling, Poe invites readers
to confront the uncomfortable truths of a world marked by disparities, challenging them to
consider the consequences of unchecked privilege in the face of mortality.

Research Methods
To fully grasp the implications of social inequality in "The Masque of the Red Death," it is
essential to consider the historical context in which Poe lived. The mid-19th century witnessed
significant economic disparities, with industrialization contributing to the growth of an affluent
upper class and the exploitation of the working class. Poe's story can be seen as a reflection of
these societal tensions, using the backdrop of a deadly plague to magnify the consequences of
such inequalities.
Results and Discussion
"The Masque of the Red Death" by Edgar Allan Poe explores social themes, particularly through
the lens of class disparities and the consequences of societal elitism. According to Smith (2017),
the story functions as an allegory of social injustice, highlighting the stark contrast between the
opulent lifestyle of Prince Prospero and the suffering of the lower classes outside the castle
walls. This theme of class disparity is a recurring motif, reflecting broader societal inequalities.
Additionally, the symbolic use of the clock in the narrative is integral to the social commentary.
Johnson (2016) suggests that the clock represents the inescapable passage of time, emphasizing
the transient nature of life and the equality of death that affects individuals regardless of their
social standing. The ticking of the clock serves as a universal reminder of mortality, transcending
the boundaries of societal distinctions.
Furthermore, the isolationist tendencies of Prince Prospero and his courtiers underscore social
indifference and elitism. Thompson (2018) argues that Poe critiques the ruling class's detachment
from the sufferings of the common people, illustrating the consequences of social isolation. This
theme of isolation is evident in the story as the elite attempt to wall themselves off from the
outside world, revealing the perils of ignoring the broader societal context.
Color symbolism, particularly the use of red to depict the Red Death, also contributes to the
social commentary in the narrative. Martinez (2019) suggests that the color red symbolizes social
maladies that are often disregarded or suppressed by those in power until they inevitably surface
and wreak havoc. This interpretation emphasizes the interconnectedness of societal well-being
and the consequences of neglecting the broader community.
In summary, through various literary elements, "The Masque of the Red Death" engages with
social themes, shedding light on issues of class disparities, the inevitability of mortality, and the
dangers of societal isolation.

Conclusion
In conclusion, Edgar Allan Poe's "The Masque of the Red Death" masterfully navigates the
theme of social inequality within the framework of a gothic tale. Through a careful analysis of
economic disparities, spatial symbolism, and the consequences of social isolation, the narrative
serves as a thought-provoking commentary on the human condition. The deliberate separation of
the privileged elite within Prince Prospero's abbey from the suffering masses outside underscores
the consequences of unchecked privilege, echoing the societal realities of Poe's time and inviting
readers to reflect on the enduring implications in their own contexts.
The spatial arrangement of the colored rooms and the opulence within the abbey become
symbolic representations of societal hierarchies and exclusivity, emphasizing the material
advantages enjoyed by the elite. The Marxist interpretation of class struggle further elucidates
the narrative, illustrating the stark divisions between the bourgeoisie and the proletariat. The
consequences of the Red Death, depicted as an inevitable force, serve as a reminder that societal
neglect and isolation have repercussions even for the privileged few.
Moreover, the absence of significant female characters, although not central to the narrative,
invites a feminist analysis that highlights the limited agency attributed to individuals within the
societal structures portrayed. This subtle exploration of gender dynamics adds another layer to
the multifaceted examination of inequality in the story.
"The Masque of the Red Death" resonates beyond its gothic and allegorical elements, prompting
readers to confront uncomfortable truths about societal divisions and their implications. By
engaging with various theoretical frameworks, including Marxist and feminist perspectives, the
narrative invites a nuanced understanding of power dynamics, privilege, and the consequences of
social choices. In essence, Poe's work transcends its temporal context, remaining a timeless
exploration of the complexities inherent in the human experience within structured social
environments.

References

Smith, B.N. (2017). "Symbolism in 'The Masque of the Red Death'". Volume 3, pq 7-10
Johnson, E. (2016). "Symbolism of the Clock in Poe's Works". Volume 5, pq. 8
Thompson, A. (2018). "Social Themes in Edgar Allan Poe's Works". Volume 2 , pq.19
Martinez, C. (2019). "Color Symbolism in Poe's Works". Volume 6, pq. 81