Ampère’s Law v

Reminders:
- HW due Friday Credit: Microsoft Copilot

- Final on Monday March 18th

1
 o 𝜇 = 4𝜋 × 10 Tm/A
Force on a moving point charge 𝐹⃗ = 𝑞𝑣⃗ × 𝐵

Force on a current-carrying wire 𝐹⃗ = 𝑙 𝐼⃗ × 𝐵

Torque 𝜏⃗ = 𝜇⃗ × 𝐵
Potential Energy 𝑈 = −𝜇⃗ ⋅ 𝐵
Magnetic field due to a moving point 𝜇 𝑞𝑣⃗ × 𝑟̂
charge 𝐵 =
4𝜋 𝑟

Magnetic field due to an infinite wire 𝜇 𝐼⃗ × 𝑠̂

𝐵 =
2𝜋 𝑠
Magnetic field due to a current loop 𝜇 𝑁𝐼 A Model for
|𝐵 |=
(center) 2 𝑅 Magnetism
Magnetic field due to a solenoid 𝐵 = 𝜇 𝑛𝐼

2
 No gravity  
From Thursday: Exercise 1 U    B

A. Use the equation to rank the configurations from smallest to largest

magnetic potential energy.
B. Check that your ranking makes sense by figuring out what the magnet is
likely to do in each situation.

U f B Ipl B coso I pixB lpillbls.int

A 0 0 UA Ip 151 E O

B D Us Ip 15 1 1 E O

C 0 72 U O I pillBI
D 0 7 U 0 I If 151

D will rotate to align

w the Bfield
DU DK O
K 0 Kf Kf
U D
Uf pills UftKf o

Uf Kf
3
How to derive U I
from
E pi B IT pills sino

initial find
F F

B c ps

Rotational work done to rotate the magnet from IO

Of t

W Idt
MBsinado RB cost

RBCoso MBCosOf
If 02 12 U pBLoS pi B
 Ampère’s Law
The current passing
The net magnetic
field around a closed
curve
= through the region
bounded by the curve
(times μ0)

𝐵 𝑑𝑠⃑ = 𝜇 𝐼
𝐵

Bids 1511251 coso

4
 The Sheet of Current
Imagine a very long conducting sheet carrying current out
of the screen.
A. Predict the direction of the magnetic field both to the
right and to the left of the sheet.
r
B. How do you think the magnitude of the magnetic field
changes as you move up and down?
C. Can you think of a good Amperian Loop?
R
N

B If infinite it won't change

C Want 5 and as to align

5
 The Sheet of Current
o I have drawn an imaginary square loop centered on the
conducting sheet.
o The number of wires per unit length is 𝑛 and each wire carries
current 𝐼 out of the screen.
P
A. Determine the total current encircled by the loop (𝐼 ) AN A C
in terms of 𝑛, 𝐿, and 𝐼.
B. Find the line integral of the magnetic field along each side of
B
this loop (∮ 𝐵 𝑑𝑠⃑).

n E
A Inc I not A 11m

is it
B B di B d5
frids B dia fit.d5

B L B L B and S aligned oneachside

Both positive
f 5 d5 2BL
notchangingalong
B field dsa
0
Detailsof this integral
5 L
B dia f1Blld5a cost IBI fast
o
o
6
 The Sheet of Current
The number of wires per unit length is n and each wire carries
current I out of the screen.
o I have drawn an imaginary square loop centered on the
conducting sheet.
A. Determine the total current encircled by the loop.
B. Find the line integral of the magnetic field along each side of
this loop.
C. Use Ampere’s Law to solve for the magnetic field!

𝐵 𝑑𝑠⃑ = 𝜇 𝐼

C
f B.de MoIerc

2B pro Ienc pro Int

B In
Eg
Unitcheck T
II A
doin left
I for

NI up for right
F
7
 o 𝜇 = 4𝜋 × 10 Tm/A
Force on a moving point charge 𝐹⃗ = 𝑞𝑣⃗ × 𝐵

Force on a current-carrying wire 𝐹⃗ = 𝑙 𝐼⃗ × 𝐵

Torque 𝜏⃗ = 𝜇⃗ × 𝐵
Potential Energy 𝑈 = −𝜇⃗ ⋅ 𝐵
Magnetic field due to a moving point 𝜇 𝑞𝑣⃗ × 𝑟̂
charge 𝐵 =
4𝜋 𝑟

Magnetic field due to an infinite wire 𝜇 𝐼⃗ × 𝑠̂

𝐵 =
2𝜋 𝑠
Magnetic field due to a current loop 𝜇 𝑁𝐼
(center) |𝐵 |=
2 𝑅
Magnetic field due to a solenoid 𝐵 = 𝜇 𝑛𝐼 A Model for
Ampère’s Law 𝐵 𝑑𝑠⃑ = 𝜇 𝐼 Magnetism

8
Using the Biot-Savart Law
1. Chop up the current into tiny pieces and find dq on each one.
2. Multiply dq and other quantities to find dB due to that part of the charge
(don’t forget direction!).
3. Add together all the dB’s using an integral to get the net electric field.

𝜇 𝑞𝑣⃗ × 𝑟̂
𝐵 =
4𝜋 𝑟

9
Using Ampère’s Law
1. Choose an imaginary closed loop along which the magnetic field is
constant.
2. Find the line integral of the magnetic field around the loop.
3. Determine the net current enclosed by the loop.
4. Solve for 𝐵 (don’t forget direction!).

𝐵 𝑑𝑠⃑ = 𝜇 𝐼

10
Main Ideas
o We can use Newton’s 2nd Law and magnetic forces to determine the motion
of objects subject to magnetic fields.
o Magnetic dipoles store energy and experience forces and torques.
o Ampere’s Law can be used to solve for the magnetic field in special
symmetric cases (like Gauss’s Law!).

11
Equations
o 𝜇 = 4𝜋 × 10 Tm/A
Force on a moving point charge 𝐹⃗ = 𝑞𝑣⃗ × 𝐵

Force on a current-carrying wire 𝐹⃗ = 𝑙 𝐼⃗ × 𝐵

Torque 𝜏⃗ = 𝜇⃗ × 𝐵
Potential Energy 𝑈 = −𝜇⃗ ⋅ 𝐵
Magnetic field due to a moving point 𝜇 𝑞𝑣⃗ × 𝑟̂
charge 𝐵 =
4𝜋 𝑟

Magnetic field due to an infinite wire 𝜇 𝐼⃗ × 𝑠̂

𝐵 =
2𝜋 𝑠
Magnetic field due to a current loop 𝜇 𝑁𝐼
(center) |𝐵 |=
2 𝑅
Magnetic field due to a solenoid 𝐵 = 𝜇 𝑛𝐼 A Model for
Ampère’s Law 𝐵 𝑑𝑠⃑ = 𝜇 𝐼 Magnetism

12