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Analytical Geometry of Conic Sections

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Manoranjan K. Singh

Analytical Geometry
of ConicSections

Narosa
For Sale in India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Nepal, Bhutan and Sri Lanka only
 Analytical Geometry
of Conic Sections

Manoranjan Kumar Singh

Narosa Publishing House

New Delhi Chennai Mumbai Kolkata
 Contents
Preface vi

1. System of Circles
1.1 1.1-1.62
Angle of Intersection of Two Curves/Circles 1.1
1.2 Orthogonal Circles 1.1
1.3 Condition of Orthogonalityof Two Circles 1.1
1.4 Algorithm to Find When the Two Circles Touch Each Other Internally,
Externally or Orthogonally 1.3
1.5 Equation of Common Chord 1.6
l.6 Radical Axis
1.8
1.7 Properties of Radical Axis 1.9
1.8 Radical Centre 1.11
Illustrative Examples 1.13
Exercise 1-A 1.30
1.9 Centre of Similitude 1.32
Answers 1.34
1.10 Coaxial Circles 1.35
1.11 Equation of Coaxial System of Circles 1.35
1.12 Type of Coaxial Circles 1.38
1.13 Intersection of Coaxial Circles and The Radical Axis 1.40
1.14 Limiting Pointsof Coaxial System of Circles 1.40
1.15 Properties of The Limiting Points 1.41
Illustrative Examples 1.46
Exercise 1-B 1.55
Key Facts 1.58
Objective Questions 1.59
Answers 1.62

2.1-2.80
2. Parabola Conic Section
2.1 Section of a Cone 2.1
2.1
2.2 ConicSections 2.2
2.3 Conic Section
Some Properties of the Parabola 2.6
2.4
Some Important Definitions 2.7
2.5
2.6 Geometrical Interpretation of the Equation y² = 4ax 2.8
Other Standard Forms of the Equation of a Parabola
2.9
2.7
2.8 Equation of the Parabola in a Parallel Translation of Co-ordinate axes 2.10
Parabola
Point of Intersection ofTangents at any two Points on the
2.18
2.10
Intersection of a Line and a Parabola 2.21
2.11
Equation of Tangent and Normal at a point on the parabola
2.24
2.12
2.13 Normal Chord 2.26
Position of a Point w.r.t a Parabola 2.26
2.14
 Contents
2.15 Number of Tangents from a Point
2.16 Director Circle 2.28
2.17 Chord of Contact of Tangents 2.29
2.18 Pole and Polar 2.30
2.19 Properties of Pole and Polar 2.31
2.20 Conjugate Points 2.32
2.21 Conjugate Lines 2.33
2.22 Equation of Pair of Tangents 2.33
2.23 Subnormal and Sub-Tangent 2.34
2,24 Diameter 2.37
2.25 Co-Normal Points 2.38
2.26 Number of Normals From a Point 2.39
2.27 Circle Through Co-Normal Points 2.39
2.41
Illustrative Examples 2.43
Exercise -2
2.69
Answers
Key Facts 2.73
2.73
Objective Questions 2.76
Answers
2.80
3. The Elipse
3.1 Introduction 3.1-3.115
3.2 3.1
3.3
Ellipse
Important Observations 3.1
3.5 Other forms of the Equation of the Ellipse 3.3
3.6 General Equation of an Ellipse 3.10
Illustrative Examples
Exercise 3A
3.10
3.12
Answers 3.24
3.7
3.8
Position of a Point with Regard to an Ellipse 3.27
Circle and Parabola as the 3.27
3.9 The Circle as a Limiting Limiting Cases of the Ellipse.
3.10 The parabola as the Caseof the Ellipse 3.29
3.11
Auxiliary Circle Limiting Case of the ellipse 3.29
3.12 Eccentric Angles and 3.29
3.13 Chord, Tangent and Parametric Representation 3.30
3.14 Chord of Contact Normal 3.32
3.15 Pole and Polar 3.33
3.16 Pair of 3.42
Tangents
3.17 Director Circle 3.43
Illustrative Examples
Exercise- 3B
3.44
3.47
Answers 3.49
3.18 Diameter 3.68
3.19 Equation of
3.20
Alternative Diameter of 3.73
Definition aDiameter
3.21 Conjugate Diameter
3.22
3.73
3.74
3.23 Relation Between 3.75
Propositions/ PropertConjiesuofgatConj
e Diameters and
ugate Conjugate Lines
3.76
Diameters 3.76
3.77
 Contens
3.35
3.24 Eqiconjugae Dizners
325 Supplernenal Chords
3.85
3.23 Propositions on Ellipse 3.90
3.27 Polzr Equation of Ellipse 3.92
IIfustraive Exnples 3.104
Exercise 3C
3.107
Answes
3.107
Key Fas
3.112
Objective Questions
Answes 3.115

4. The Hyperbola 4.1-4.65

4.1 Introduction 4.1
4.2 Hyperbolz 4.1
4.3 Shape of a Hyperbolz 4.3
4.4
44 Pair of Lines as a Limiting Case of a Hyperbola
4.5 Important Definitions 4.5
46 4.7
Length of Latus Rectum
4.7 Alternative Definition of Hyperbola 4.8
4.8 Conjugzte Hyperbolas 4.9
4.9
4.9 Rectangular Hyperbola or Equilateral Hyperbola
4.10 Vertical Forn of a Hyperbola 4.10
4.11 Various results related to the hyperbola rla -yIt- 1, 4.11
vertical forn of a hyperbola
4.12
4.12 General Equation of a Hyperbola 4.12
4.13 Polar Equatíon of the Parabola 4.13
4.14 Parametríc Form of the Hyperbola 4.14
4.15 Applications of Hyperbola 4.15
llustrative Examples
Exercise 4-A 4.26
AnswerS 4.28
4.16 Intersection of aHyperbola with a Pair of Conjugate Diameters 4.31
4.17 Asymptotes 4.33
4.18 Alternative Definition of Rectangular Hyperbola 4.35
4.19 PararnetricEquations and Pararnetric Co-ordinates 4.38
4.40
Illustrative Examples
4.54
Example-4B
AnswerS 4.57
Key Facts 4.58
Objective Questions 4.61
Answers 4.65

5. Transformation of Coordinates 5.1-5.14

5.1 Introduction 5.1
S.2 Translationof axes 5.1
5.3 Rotation of Axes 5.3
5.4 General Transformation (Change of origin with change of thedirection of axes) S.5
Exercise-5 5.7
Answers 5.8
Answers
Questions
ObjectiveAnswers
Facts
Key
Illustrative
Examples
Exercise-VI 7.11 7.10 7.9 7.8 7.7 7.6 7.5 7.4 7.3 7.2 7.1 Answers Answers
Questions
ObjectiveFacts
Key Illustrative
Exercisc -6
Examples 6.8 6.7 6.6 6.5 6.4 6.3 6.2 6.1 AnswerS
7. Questions
Objective Facts
6. Answers
Key Exercise5.B $.6 5.5 xii
Polar The
Asymptotes
Director
CircleEquation
Polar Contact
Chord of Directrix
Normal
Tangent Introduction
Polar
Equation Equation Length Director
Condition
Asymptotes Centre
Conic
ofa
TheIntroduction
Intersection General Invariants
Removal
Equation Equation
of ofa of and Circle
Equations of
the the
ChordConic of of Position of that of the
Pair a a of a of a
aConic Conic Tangent
Line
a Conic xy
of Conic of Conic may Term
Tangents of
(The the and Conics
Principal Touch a
Focus Line
a
Being Axes Conic Through

the
a
Pole) given

Point

7.1-7.37
7.37 7.36 7.35 7.34 7.32 7.18 7.16 7.14 7.13 6.1-6.30
7.11 7.9 7.8 7.7 7.5 7.4 7.2 7.1 6.30 6.28 6.27 6.26 6.25 6.18 6.12 Contents
6.10
6.1| 6.8 6.8 6.7 6.3 6.1 5.14 5.13 S.12 5.12 5.1| 5.10
5.8
Analytical Geemetry
of Conic Sections
Manoranjan K. Singh

This monograph encompasses allaspects of conic section in an

elaborate manner. Covering the system of circles, parabolas,
ellipses, hyperbolas, the transformation of coordinates (change of
axes), the general equation of conics, andthe polar equation of a
conic (the focus being the pole), so as to provide a solid foundation
on the subject. Alltopics are discussed lucidly and systematically.
Several solved examples and proofs of theorems have been
provided after careful consideration so as to benefit the reader in
comprehending the subject matter along with 'key facts',problems
and real life applications.
Key Features:
Several illustrated examples
MCQ's and exercises

ISBN 978-81-8487-735-9

Narosa
Publishing House
9ll7 88184877359l|
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