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‫ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪﺑﻪ ﻣﺸﮑﻼﺕ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﯽ ﺧﻮﺩ ﭘﺎﺳﺦ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺑﯽ ﻭ ﻣﺮﺑﯽ ﺧﻮﺩﺵ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﯿﺶﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺩﻫﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﺭﻭﯾﮑﺮﺩ ﮐﺎﻣﻼ ًﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﻭ ﺭﮊﯾﻢ ﻏﺬﺍﯾﯽ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺳﻨﺖﺑﺪﻧﺴﺎﺯﯼ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻡ‪ .‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻤﯿﺸﻪ ﺁﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﻭﺳﯿﻌﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻌﯿﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻨﻄﻘﯽﻣﻨﺤﺼﺮﺑﻔﺮﺩﯼ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺍﻡ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺮﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﯾﮑﺮﺩ ﺟﺪﯾﺪﻡ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﻧﺶ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺩﻡﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺷﺶ ﺳﺎﻝ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﺗﺼﺎﻋﺪﯼ ﺭﺷﺪ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ )ﺍﺯ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻼﺷﯽ‬
‫ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺻﯽﻭ ﭘﺮﺷﻮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺩﺭﮎ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﻧﻘﺶ ﻣﻨﻄﻖ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩﻡ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺪﯾﺸﻪ ﺑﺸﺮﯼ ﻭ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ‬
‫ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪﻓﻠﺴﻔﯽ »ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻫﻮﯾﺖ« ﻭ »ﻗﺎﻧﻮﻥ ﻋﻠﯿﺖ«‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﻧﻈﺮﯾﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺪﻧﺴﺎﺯﯼ ﺟﺪﯾﺪﻡ‬
‫ﺭﺍﺑﺮ ﺭﻭﯼ ﻫﺰﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺑﺪﻧﺴﺎﺯ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﺁﺯﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﮐﺮﺩﻡ(‪ .‬ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺭﺷﺪ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻗﻄﻌﯿﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩﯼ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻗﺒﻼ ًﻓﻘﻂ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺐ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻨﯽﻧﯿﺴﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﻤﯿﺸﻪ ﺍﯾﻨﻘﺪﺭ ﻣﻄﻤﺉﻦ ﺑﻮﺩﻡ‪ .‬ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻦ ﺳﻤﯿﻨﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﯾﮏ‬
‫ﺑﺪﻧﺴﺎﺯﺣﺮﻓﻪ ﺍﯼ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﯾﺎﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻡ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮﭼﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺘﻢ ﭼﯿﺰ ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻤﻨﺪﯼ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﺭﺍﺉﻪ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﮐﺴﺎﻧﯽﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻤﯿﻨﺎﺭ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﻡ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﻤﺉﻦ ﻧﺒﻮﺩﻡ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻢ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﯼﺍﺭﺍﺉﻪ ﮐﻨﻢ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻌﻨﺎﺩﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﺠﻼﺕﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ ﺍﺳﺎﺳﺎ ًﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﯽ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ‪.‬‬
‫ﺧﻮﺷﺒﺨﺘﺎﻧﻪ‪،‬ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭ ﮐﻪ ﻫﻤﻪ ﭼﯿﺰ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺁﻥ ﺳﻤﯿﻨﺎﺭ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﯿﺖ‬
‫ﺁﻣﯿﺰﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﮐﺜﺮﯾﺖ ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻘﺎﻋﺪ ﺷﺪﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﭼﯿﺰ ﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻤﻨﺪﯼ ﯾﺎﺩ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺍﻧﺪ‪،‬ﻭ ﻣﻦ ﺩﯾﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﮐﺎﻣﻼ ﺟﺪﯾﺪﯼ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﮐﻞ ﺭﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺪﻧﺴﺎﺯﯼ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﺭﺍﺉﻪ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﻡ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻤﯿﻨﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼﺑﻌﺪﯼ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺻﯿﻘﻞ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺻﻼﺡ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻋﯽ ﻣﻦ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ‪20‬‬
‫ﺳﺎﻝﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻦ ﻫﺰﺍﺭﺍﻥ ﺳﻤﯿﻨﺎﺭ ﺑﺪﻧﺴﺎﺯﯼ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﮔﺰﺍﺭ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﻡ ‪ -‬ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻ ًﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺪﻧﺴﺎﺯﺑﺮﺗﺮ ﺩﯾﮕﺮﯼ ‪ -‬ﻭ ﺑﺨﺶ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﯿﺖ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺩﻟﯿﻞ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺩﺍﺩ‬
‫ﮐﻪﻣﻦ ﺍﺯ ﮐﺴﯽ ﺍﻧﺘﻈﺎﺭ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻡ ﭼﯿﺰﯼ ﺭﺍ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻣﯽ ﮔﻮﯾﻢ ﺑﭙﺬﯾﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﻂ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺩﻟﯿﻞ ﮐﻪ ﭼﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥﺑﺮﺗﺮ ﺭﺍ ﮐﺴﺐ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﻡ‪ .‬ﻫﯿﭻ ﺍﺭﺗﺒﺎﻁ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻤﯽ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ ﯾﮏ ﻓﺮﺩ ﻭ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺶﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﺍﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺪﻧﺴﺎﺯﯼ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﻫﻤﯿﺸﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺪﻻﻝ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﻡ ﮐﻪ‪ :‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﯽ‬
‫ﮐﻪﺍﺭﺍﺉﻪ ﮐﺮﺩﻡ ﻓﯽ ﻧﻔﺴﻪ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺷﯿﻮﻩ ﺍﯼ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﯽ ﺍﺭﺍﺉﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﺍﯼ‬
‫ﻃﺮﺍﺣﯽﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻘﻞ ﻭ ﻋﻘﻞ ﺳﻠﯿﻢ ﻓﺮﺩ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻞ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻝ ﭘﺬﯾﺮﺵ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺩﻟﯿﻞﺍﺭﺯﺵ ﺫﺍﺗﯽ ﺁﻥ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ‬

‫ﻣﻦﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ًﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﺎﺕ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺪﺕ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺎﮔﺮﺩﺍﻧﻢ ﻣﯽ ﮔﻮﯾﻢ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻦ ﮔﺎﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬
‫ﺩﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽﺑﻪ ﺩﯾﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﯽ ﺗﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻭﺭﺯﺵ ﺑﺪﻧﺴﺎﺯﯼ‪ ،‬ﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺉﻮﻝﺷﮑﻞ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺩﯾﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﻓﻌﻠﯽ ﻣﺎ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺩﯾﮕﺮﯼ‪ ،‬ﻣﺠﻼﺕ‬
‫ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽﺩﯾﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻧﮕﺮﺵ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺪﻧﺴﺎﺯﯼ ﺷﮑﻞ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎ ًﺑﺪﻭﻥ‬
‫ﻫﯿﭻﻣﻨﺒﻊ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺗﯽ ﺩﯾﮕﺮﯼ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻧﺴﺎﺯﺍﻥ ﻣﺠﺒﻮﺭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺠﻼﺕ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﯾﮏ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺒﻊﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺍﻋﺘﻤﺎﺩ ﻣﺮﺍﺟﻌﻪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﻤﯽ‬
‫ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺍﯾﻨﻬﺎ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎ ًﻧﺸﺮﯾﺎﺕ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﯼ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﻟﯿﻞ ﺍﺻﻠﯽ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻓﺮﻭﺵ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺼﻮﻻﺕﺍﺳﺖ ﻧﻪ ﺍﻧﺘﺸﺎﺭ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﺑﺪﻧﺴﺎﺯﯼ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﯾﯽ ﺯﯾﺮ ﺳﺮ ﺳﺘﻮﻥ ﺍﮐﺜﺮ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺮﯾﺎﺕﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ ﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺒﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﯿﺪ ﺩﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﯽ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻧﺸﺮﯾﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ »ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻠﻢﺑﺪﻧﺴﺎﺯﯼ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ«‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﺘﺰﺭﯾﮏ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻤﺎﺗﯿﮏ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﺯﺵ ﻭ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮﮊﯼ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﻫﻤﺮﺍﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻠﻢ ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ ﯾﺎﻓﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬
‫ﻧﯿﺎﺯﻫﺎﯼﺑﺪﻧﺴﺎﺯ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﮔﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺠﻼﺕ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺎ ًﻣﺠﻼﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﺲ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻢ ﺑﭙﺮﺳﻢ ﮐﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﺸﻤﻨﺪﺍﻥﺩﺭ ﻫﯿﺉﺖ ﺗﺤﺮﯾﺮﯾﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﯾﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎﻧﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﻣﯽ‬
‫ﮔﯿﺮﻧﺪ؟ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ًﻫﯿﭻ ﮐﺪﺍﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ! ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺠﻼﺕ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﭼﯿﺰ ﯾﮏ‬
‫ﻧﻬﺎﺩﺗﺠﺎﺭﯼ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﮐﺎﺗﺎﻟﻮﮒ ﻧﺰﺩ ﺩﻭﻟﺖ ﺛﺒﺖ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮐﻨﻮﻥ ﺍﯾﻦ‬
‫ﺑﻪﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺠﻼﺕ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ ﻫﯿﭻ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺍﺭﺯﺷﻤﻨﺪﯼ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺍﻟﻬﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺑﺨﺶﺑﺪﻧﺴﺎﺯﺍﻥ ﺟﻮﺍﻥ ﻭ ﺁﯾﻨﺪﻩ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ ﮔﻬﮕﺎﻩ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﯽ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮﯼﺭﺍ ﺍﺭﺍﺉﻪ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺩﺭ ﻣﯿﺎﻥ ﺍﻧﺒﻮﻩ ﻧﻈﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺘﻨﺎﻗﺾ ﻭ ﻣﺰﺧﺮﻓﺎﺕ ﺁﺷﮑﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮﺷﺪﻩ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﮔﻢ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻣﻌﺘﺒﺮ ﺑﯽ ﻓﺎﯾﺪﻩ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﯾﻦﺑﺪﺍﻥ ﻣﻌﻨﺎ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺠﻤﻮﻋﻪ ﺍﯼ ﻣﻨﺴﺠﻢ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺍﺩﻩ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﺻﻮﻝ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬

‫ﺑﺪﻧﺴﺎﺯﯼﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﺸﮑﻞ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺪﻧﺴﺎﺯﯼ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺻﻮﺭﺕﺗﮑﻪ ﺗﮑﻪ ﻣﻨﺘﺸﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
 ‫ﺗﻮﺳﻂﻧﻮﯾﺴﻨﺪﮔﺎﻥ ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒ ﺩﺭ ﻃﯿﻒ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﯼ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺘﻮﻥ‪ ،‬ﮐﻪ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺕ‬
‫ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮﮊﯼﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ ﻓﻨﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﻃﻼﻋﺎﺕ ﻫﺮﮔﺰ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ‬
‫ﻣﯽﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺑﻬﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﻔﺎﺩﻩ ﻋﻤﻠﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﯾﻌﻨﯽ ﺑﺪﻧﺴﺎﺯﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﻓﯿﻠﺘﺮ ﻧﻤﯽ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﺪﻧﺴﺎﺯ ﻫﻤﯿﺸﻪ ﻣﺠﺒﻮﺭ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻘﺎﯾﺪ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﯽ ﻣﺸﮑﻮﮎ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺪﻧﺴﺎﺯﺍﻥﻭ ﺗﺒﻠﯿﻐﺎﺕ ﻣﻐﺮﺿﺎﻧﻪ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﻧﺸﺮﯾﺎﺕ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ ﻓﺮﻭﺧﺘﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺗﮑﯿﻪﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺁﻧﭽﻪﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺍﺭﺍﺉﻪ ﺩﻫﻢ ﺩﯾﺪﮔﺎﻩ ﺟﺪﯾﺪﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺪﻧﺴﺎﺯﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﺳﺎﺱ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺬﺭﺍ ﻭ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﯼ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ﺑﺮﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺤﻘﯿﻘﺎﺕ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﻭ ﺗﻔﮑﺮ ﺻﺤﯿﺢ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﻭ ﻧﻪ‪ ،‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﻭﻋﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺯﻭﯼ ‪ 20‬ﺍﯾﻨﭽﯽ ﯾﺎ ﻫﯿﮑﻞ ﺁﻗﺎﯼ ﺁﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﭼﯿﺰﯼ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖﮐﻪ ﻫﯿﭻ ﮐﺲ ﻭ ﻫﯿﭻ ﺭﻭﺵ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﯽ ﻧﻤﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺻﺎﺩﻗﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﺭﺍﺉﻪ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ‬
‫ﻣﯽﺁﯾﺪ ﯾﮏ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻓﮑﺮﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻭﻗﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺳﺘﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺷﻤﺎﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﻣﯽ ﺩﻫﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺳﺮﯾﻌﺘﺮ ﻭ ﮐﺎﺭﺁﻣﺪﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻫﺮ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﺩﯾﮕﺮﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ‬
‫ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻫﯿﭽﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ ﻣﺮﺯﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﻩ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﯾﺰﯼ ﺷﺪﻩ ﮊﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺩﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺩﻫﯿﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﺘﺰﺭﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﻧﻤﺎﯾﺶ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺭﻭﯾﮑﺮﺩ ﻣﻨﻄﻘﯽ ﻭ ﻋﻠﻤﯽ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺪﻧﺴﺎﺯﯼ‪.‬‬
‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖﺍﻭﻝ‬

‫ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ‬
 ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‪1‬‬

‫ﻧﻘﺶﺍﻫﺪﺍﻑ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺑﯿﻨﺎﻧﻪ‬

‫ﺁﻥﺩﺳﺘﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﮔﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ﯾﮏ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺩﺭﮔﯿﺮ ﺑﺪﻧﺴﺎﺯﯼ ﺟﺪﯼ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻ ً‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ ﻓﺮﺍﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﯾﮏ ﺭﻭﻧﺪ ﻧﺴﺒﺘﺎ ﮐﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻦ ﻫﺮﮔﺰ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﺎﺗﯽ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺪﯾﺪﻩ ﺍﻡ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﺪ ﯾﮏ ﺑﺪﻧﺴﺎﺯ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﯾﮏ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺩﻗﯿﻘﺎ ًﭼﻨﺪ ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﮑﺮ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻢ‬
‫ﺍﮐﺜﺮﺑﺪﻧﺴﺎﺯﺍﻥ ﺑﺎﺗﺠﺮﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﻓﻖ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻭﺯﻥ ﭘﻨﺞ ﭘﻮﻧﺪﯼﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ‬
‫‪-‬ﺑﺮﺧﻼﻑ ﭘﻨﺞ ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺑﺪﻥ‪ ،‬ﻋﻠﯿﺮﻏﻢ ﺗﺮﮐﯿﺐ ﺁﻥ ‪ -‬ﯾﮏ ﺩﺳﺘﺎﻭﺭﺩ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ‬
‫ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻪﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﻨﺞﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﭼﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﭼﺸﻤﮕﯿﺮ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻧﺮﺳﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﮔﺮ ﯾﮏ‬
‫ﺑﺪﻧﺴﺎﺯﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺁﻥ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺣﻔﻆ ﮐﻨﺪ )‪ 5‬ﭘﻮﻧﺪﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﭽﻪ ﺍﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ( ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺪﺕﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﯾﺎﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ‪ ،‬ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 25‬ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ ﺗﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ‬
‫ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺴﺘﯿﺪﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺑﯿﻒ ﺍﺳﺘﯿﮏ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺼﻮﺭ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺭﻭﯼ ﻣﯿﺰ ﺷﺎﻡ ﺟﻠﻮﯼ ﺷﻤﺎ‬
‫ﮔﺬﺍﺷﺘﻪﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﭘﺲ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﯿﺪ ﺗﺼﻮﺭ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ ﮐﻪ ‪ 25‬ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﭼﻘﺪﺭ‬
‫»ﮔﻮﺷﺖ«ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ -‬ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺮﺩ ﺁﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺯﻥ ‪ 155‬ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﺮﮐﻮﻝﻭﺍﻗﻌﯽ ﺑﺎ ‪ 180‬ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﻣﺤﮑﻢ ﻭ ﺑﺮﯾﺪﻩ‪ .‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ‬
‫‪155‬ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺑﺪﻥ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺮﺩ ﺁﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‪ ،‬ﻣﻮﻟﻔﻪ ﻭﺯﻥ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎ ً‪ 20‬ﭘﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ)ﺑﻘﯿﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺁﺏ‪ ،‬ﭼﺮﺑﯽ ﻭ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺯﺍﺉﺪ(‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﯿﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ‪25‬‬
‫ﭘﻮﻧﺪﯼﻭﺯﻥ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ ﺍﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﭘﻨﺞ ﺳﺎﻝ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺗﺤﻮﻟﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ!‬

‫ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﺍﮐﺜﺮﯾﺖ ﺳﺘﺎﺭﻩ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ ﺑﺮﺗﺮ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ‪ 200‬ﭘﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻭﺯﻥﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺎ ًﯾﮏ ﺩﺳﺘﺎﻭﺭﺩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﯾﺎﺩ ﻣﯽ ﺁﻭﺭﻡ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺴﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﻣﺴﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﭙﯿﺎ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺳﺎﻝ‪ ،1977‬ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﺮﺟﺴﺘﻪ ﺑﺪﻧﺴﺎﺯﯼ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻓﺮﺍﻧﮏ ﺯﯾﻦ ‪ 187‬ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﯿﻞ‬
‫ﮔﺮﺍﻧﺖ‪ 184‬ﭘﻮﻧﺪ؛ ‪ Boyer Coe‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ‪ 196‬ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﻭﺯﻧﺶ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﻭ ﺍﺩ ﮐﻮﺭﻧﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺯﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺖﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺘﻨﺪ‬
 ‫‪174‬ﭘﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺟﺰ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻋﺠﺎﯾﺐ ﮊﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﻋﺠﯿﺐ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺨﺘﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﯿﺪ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﺍﻧﮕﺸﺖ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺭﻗﺒﺎﯼ ﺑﺮﺗﺮ ﺑﺪﻧﺴﺎﺯﯼ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺷﮑﻞ ﻣﺴﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﺍﯼ ﭘﯿﺪﺍ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ ﮐﻪ‬
‫ﻭﺯﻥﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ‪ 200‬ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﯾﮑﯽﺍﺯ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﺪﻧﺴﺎﺯﺍﻥ ﺁﻥ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ‪ ،‬ﺩﻧﯽ ﭘﺎﺩﯾﻼ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﺮﺩﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ‬
‫ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽﻭ ‪ 165‬ﭘﻮﻧﺪﯼ‪ ،‬ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺴﺘﺮ ﯾﻮﻧﯿﻮﺭﺱ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻧﯿﻤﺰ ﻓﺮﺍﻧﺴﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﯾﺎﺩ‬
‫ﻣﯽﺁﻭﺭﻡ ﮐﻪ ﺩﻧﯽ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻦ ﮔﻔﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻭﻗﺘﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻦ ﺑﺎﺭ ‪ 10‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﻗﺒﻞ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺴﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ‬
‫ﺑﻪﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﮐﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭﺯﻥ ﻧﺎﭼﯿﺰﯼ ‪ 120‬ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ‪ 45‬ﭘﻮﻧﺪﯼ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻃﻮﻝﯾﮏ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﯽ ‪ 10‬ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ﺁﻥ ‪ 4‬ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﻧﯿﻢ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺭﻗﺎﻡ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻤﺎ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺩﺳﺘﺎﻭﺭﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﺍﻣﯿﺪ‬
‫ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪،‬ﺍﻣﯿﺪﻭﺍﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺩﺭ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻮﺿﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﺍﮐﻨﻮﻥ ﻣﺸﺨﺺ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺍﺩﻋﺎﻫﺎﯼ‬
‫ﺗﺠﺎﺭﯼﺩﺭ ﻣﺠﻼﺕ ﺑﺪﻧﺴﺎﺯﯼ ﭼﻘﺪﺭ ﻣﻀﺤﮏ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ‪ -‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺍﺩﻋﺎﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬
‫ﻣﺼﺮﻑﯾﮏ ﻣﮑﻤﻞ ﻏﺬﺍﯾﯽ ﺧﺎﺹ‪ ،‬ﻭﻋﺪﻩ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ "ﯾﮏ ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺭﻭﺯ" ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺣﺘﯽﯾﮏ ﺑﺪﻧﺴﺎﺯ ﺳﺮﺷﻨﺎﺱ ﺷﻨﺎﺧﺘﻪ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﯽ ﺍﻭ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻣﯽﺧﺮﯾﺪﻧﺪ ﻗﻮﻝ ﻣﯽ ﺩﺍﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﭘﯿﺮﻭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻨﺪﺭﺝ ﺩﺭ ﮐﺘﺎﺑﭽﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﻭ‪" ،‬‬
‫‪100‬ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﻧﺪ"‪ .‬ﺗﺮﺩﯾﺪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻭ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﺩﻭﺭﺍﻥ‬
‫ﺣﺮﻓﻪ ﺍﯼﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺑﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ‪ -‬ﻭ ﺑﺎ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺍﻭ ﺍﯾﻦ‬
‫ﻭﻋﺪﻩﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﻣﯽ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺰﺭ)ﺗﺮﮎ ﮐﺮﺩ(ﻭ ﮐﯿﺴﯽ ﻭﯾﺎﺗﻮﺭ)ﺩﺭﺳﺖ(ﺩﻟﻘﮏ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺩﻭﺭﺑﯿﻦ؛ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﺍﻧﺒﻮﻫﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﻫﺐ‬
‫ﮊﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻗﻬﺮﻣﺎﻥ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺪﻧﺴﺎﺯﺍﻥ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻥ ﺍﯾﻦ ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻧﻤﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺭﺗﺒﻪ‬
‫ﻫﺎﯼﻣﯿﺎﻧﮕﯿﻦ ﺣﺴﺎﺏ ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﮐﻤﯽ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ‬
‫ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂﺩﺭ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ ﺗﻮﺩﻩ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺳﺮﯾﻊ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ‪ -‬ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻠﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻗﺎﺩﺭﻣﯽ ﺳﺎﺯﺩ ﺗﺎ ‪ 10‬ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﯾﺎ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﻓﺖ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﺩﻭﺭﻩ ﯾﮏ ﺳﺎﻟﻪ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﻣﺎﺣﺘﯽ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﻌﺪﻭﺩﯼ ﻏﯿﺮﻣﻌﻤﻮﻝ ﮐﻪ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﯽ ﻓﺎﮐﺘﻮﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﮊﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺳﺮﯾﻌﯽ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﻫﺮ ﺑﺎﺭ ﮐﻪ ﺭﻭﯼ ﯾﮏ ﻣﻘﯿﺎﺱ ﻗﺪﻡ ﺑﮕﺬﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ‬
‫ﭼﻨﯿﻦﺭﺷﺪﯼ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺩﯾﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﺮﺩﯼ ﮐﻪ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﻫﺎﯾﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻣﯽ ﺩﻫﺪ ﺗﺎ ‪ 12‬ﭘﻮﻧﺪ‬
‫ﻋﻀﻠﻪﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﺘﺎﯾﺞ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺭﻭﺯﺍﻧﻪ ﯾﺎ ﺣﺘﯽ ﻫﻔﺘﮕﯽ ﻧﻤﯽ ﺑﯿﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﮐﺜﺮﺗﺮﺍﺯﻭﻫﺎﯼ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺛﺒﺖ ﮐﺴﺮﯼ ﺍﺯ ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﻧﯿﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻨﻬﺎ ﺍﮔﺮ‬
‫ﺍﻭﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ ‪ 12‬ﻣﺎﻩ ﺑﺎ ﻧﺮﺥ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﯾﮏ ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﯾﮏﺑﺎﺭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻭﺯﻥ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ .‬ﺳﭙﺲ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﯾﮏ ﯾﺎ ﺩﻭ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺳﺎﻝ‬
‫ﭘﺮﺍﮐﻨﺪﻩﺷﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺍﻭ ﺍﺻﻼ ًﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺸﯽ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺑﺎ ﺍﺿﺎﻓﻪ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ‪ 2‬ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﭽﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭﻣﺎﻩ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﺳﺎﻻﻧﻪ ‪ 12‬ﭘﻮﻧﺪﯼ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻓﺮﺩ ﻧﺎﺩﺭﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﮐﻪﭼﻨﺎﻥ ﺳﻮﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﺛﺎﺑﺘﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﻣﯽ ﺁﻭﺭﺩ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺪﺕ ﯾﮏ ﺳﺎﻝ ﯾﮑﺴﺎﻥ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ‬
‫ﻣﯽﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮐﺜﺮﯾﺖ ﺩﺭﻣﯽ ﯾﺎﺑﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﭼﺮﺧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻣﯽ ﯾﺎﺑﻨﺪ‪ :‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺜﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﮑﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖﺳﻪ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﻫﯿﭻ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺑﮕﺬﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺳﭙﺲ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺎﻩ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻭ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺁﻥ ﻫﺎﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﭘﯿﺪﺍ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﻟﮕﻮﻫﺎﯼ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪﺕ ﻓﺮﺩﯼ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻓﺮﺩﯼ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺩﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﯾﻦﭼﻨﺪ ﻓﺮﺩ ﺳﻌﺎﺩﺗﻤﻨﺪﯼ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﮊﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ‬
‫ﻣﻤﮑﻦﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭﺝ ﺑﺮﺳﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻋﻨﺎﻭﯾﻦ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺪﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﻧﺪ‪) .‬ﻓﺼﻞ ﺑﻌﺪﯼ ﻋﻤﯿﻖ ﺗﺮ‬
‫ﺑﻪﻧﻘﺶ ﮊﻧﺘﯿﮏ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺭﺯﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﻓﺮﺩ ﻣﯽ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺯﺩ‪(.‬‬

‫ﻣﻦﺩﺭ ﺍﺑﺘﺪﺍ ﺍﻋﻼﻡ ﮐﺮﺩﻡ ﮐﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥ ﺗﻀﻤﯿﻨﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮏ ﺁﻗﺎﯼ ﺁﻣﺮﯾﮑﺎ‬
‫ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‪.‬ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻌﻮﺭ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺗﻮﻫﯿﻦ ﻧﻤﯽ ﮐﻨﻢ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﯽ ﮔﻮﯾﻢ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﯿﺮﻭﯼ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻫﺎﯼﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺻﻔﺤﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺖ ‪ 50‬ﯾﺎ ‪ 100‬ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺍﻫﯿﺪﺁﻭﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻣﻄﺎﻟﺐ ﻣﻮﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻨﻈﻮﺭ ﻧﺒﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺭﺍ ﻧﺎﺍﻣﯿﺪ ﮐﻨﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﻠﮑﻪﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﯽ ﺩﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺳﺘﯿﺎﺑﯽ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ ﻫﯿﮑﻞ ﺑﺮﺗﺮ ﭼﻘﺪﺭ ﺩﺷﻮﺍﺭ ﻭ ﮐﻨﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻭ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﻦ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﺑﻮﺩﻡ‪ ،‬ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻ ًﺧﻮﺩﺗﺎﻥ ﺑﻪ ﭘﻮﭺ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﺷﺶ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﺗﺎ‬
‫‪25‬ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻫﻔﺘﻪ ﭘﯽ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﯿﺪ ﺑﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺁﯾﺎ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺎ ًﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﯿﺪ ‪ 1200‬ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ‬
‫ﻭﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﭼﻨﺪ ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﯿﻪ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ؟ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺼﻮﺹ ﻭﻗﺘﯽ ﻣﺘﻮﺟﻪ ﻣﯽ‬
‫ﺷﻮﯾﺪﮐﻪ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻓﺮﻭﺧﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﯿﺪ‬
‫ﮐﻮﺗﺎﻩ‪ -‬ﺩﺳﺖ ﮐﻢ ﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺧﻮﺩ ‪ -‬ﺯﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﺩﻥ‬
‫‪8‬ﭘﻮﻧﺪ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺍﺯ ﮐﺴﺮﯼ ﻧﺎﭼﯿﺰ ﺍﺯ ﮐﻞ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﯿﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ‪،‬ﺍﺷﺘﯿﺎﻕ ﺍﻓﺴﺎﺭﮔﺴﯿﺨﺘﻪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻨﺠﺮ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﻁ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻫﻤﺎﻥ ﭼﯿﺰﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ‬
‫ﮐﻪﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﺍﮐﺜﺮ ﺑﺪﻧﺴﺎﺯﺍﻥ ﺭﺍ ﮐﻨﺪ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ ‪ -‬ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻧﺎﺍﻣﯿﺪ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﻪﺍﯾﻦ ﻓﮑﺮ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺍﮔﺮ ‪ 1200‬ﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﺍﺯ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺭﺁﻣﺪ‬
‫ﯾﮏﻣﯿﻠﯿﻮﻥ ﺩﻻﺭﯼ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﻫﯿﺪ ﯾﺎ ﺑﻪ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺪﺭﮎ ﺩﺍﻧﺸﮕﺎﻫﯽ ﺍﺧﺘﺼﺎﺹ ﺩﻫﯿﺪ‪ ،‬ﭼﻪ‬
‫ﮐﺎﺭﯼﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﺍﺩ ‪ -‬ﭼﺮﺍ‪ ،‬ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻ ًﺗﺎ ﮐﻨﻮﻥ ﻭ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻ ًﺩﺭ ﺭﺍﻩ ﺭﺳﯿﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻦ‬
‫ﻣﯿﻠﯿﻮﻥﺧﻮﺩ ﻫﺴﺘﯿﺪ‪ .‬ﭼﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺩﮐﺘﺮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺎﻡ ﺷﻤﺎ ﭼﺴﺒﺎﻧﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﺘﺰﺭﻋﻼﯾﻖ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭﯼ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺪﻧﺴﺎﺯﯼ ﭘﺮﻭﺭﺵ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﯾﮏ ﮐﺴﺐ ﻭ ﮐﺎﺭ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼﺳﻔﺎﺭﺵ ﭘﺴﺘﯽ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻨﺘﺰﺭﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﺣﺘﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻦ ‪ 15‬ﺳﺎﻟﮕﯽ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﺍﺩ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ‪ 14‬ﺳﺎﻝ ﺑﻌﺪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﺴﺎﺑﻘﻪﻣﺴﺘﺮ ﺍﻟﻤﭙﯿﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺎﻝ ‪ 1980‬ﺷﺮﮐﺖ ﮐﺮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭﺝ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺳﯿﺪ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﻓﺼﻞ‪2‬‬

‫ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞﻓﺮﺩﯼ‬

‫ﭘﺲﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﺪﻥ ﻓﺼﻞ ﻗﺒﻞ‪ ،‬ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻ ًﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺳﻮﺍﻝ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﻣﯽ ﭘﺮﺳﯿﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻢ ﺑﺪﺍﻧﻢ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﻣﻦ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﭼﻘﺪﺭ ﺍﺳﺖ؟ ﻣﺘﺄﺳﻔﺎﻧﻪ‪،‬‬
‫ﻫﯿﭻﺭﻭﺵ ﻣﻄﻤﺉﻨﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﺭﺯﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺩﻗﯿﻖ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﯾﮏ ﻓﺮﺩ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﯾﻦ‬
‫ﺣﺎﻝ‪،‬ﻭﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﺎﺻﯽ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺪﻧﺴﺎﺯ ﻣﺸﺘﺎﻕ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﯽ ﺩﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺠﺎ‬
‫ﻣﯽ ﺭﻭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩﻭﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﺎﺹ ﻭﺍﻟﺪﯾﻦ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺙ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﮐﻞ ﮔﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻣﺸﺘﺮﮎ‬

‫ﻧﯿﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻇﺎﻫﺮ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‪ ،‬ﺭﻧﮓ ﻣﻮ ﻭ ﮔﺮﻭﻩ ﺧﻮﻧﯽ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺧﺼﻮﺻﯿﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ ﻓﺮﺩ ﺛﺎﺑﺖ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺗﺪﺭﯾﺠﯽ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ‪ .‬ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﻭﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺍﺭﺛﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻫﻮﺵ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ‬
‫ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﻧﯿﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺑﯿﺮﻭﻥ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺩﺍﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﮊﻥ ﻫﺎ)ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﺭﺛﯽ ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﺳﻠﻮﻝ( ﮐﻪ ﻣﺴﺉﻮﻝ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺑﺎﻟﻎ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﻤﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺩﯼﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﻣﻐﺬﯼ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻣﺮﺍﺣﻞ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ ﺑﻠﻮﻍ ﻭ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻣﺤﺮﻭﻡ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﯿﺎﻥ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻫﻤﯿﻦﺍﻣﺮ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺭﺷﺪ ﮐﺎﻣﻞ ﻋﻘﻞ ﺷﺨﺺ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺻﺪﻕ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺗﺤﺮﯾﮏ ﻓﮑﺮﯼ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺮﻭﻡﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻋﻘﻞ ﻓﺮﺩ ﺧﯿﻠﯽ ﺩﻭﺭ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻧﻤﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺣﺘﯽ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻣﻮﺍﺩ ﺍﺭﺛﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺁﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﺍﺕ ﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺵ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ ﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﺑﺎﻻﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺣﺪ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ‪ -‬ﺳﻄﻮﺣﯽ ﻓﺮﺍﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬
‫ﻭﻇﺎﯾﻒﻣﺮﺑﻮﻁ ﺑﻪ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺭﻭﺯﻣﺮﻩ ‪ -‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻭ ﻋﻘﻞ ﺿﺮﻭﺭﯼ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻓﺮﺩ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﺽﺧﻮﺍﺳﺘﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﻭﻇﺎﯾﻔﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﭽﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺭﻭﺯﻣﺮﻩ ﺑﺎ ﺁﻥ ﻣﻮﺍﺟﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‬
‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ ﺑﺰﺭﮔﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ‪ ،‬ﻓﺮﺩ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻌﺮﺽﺳﻄﻮﺡ ﻓﺰﺍﯾﻨﺪﻩ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺪﺕ ﺑﺎﻻ ﻗﺮﺍﺭ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺭﺷﺪ ﻋﻘﻞ ﺑﺮﺗﺮ‪ ،‬ﺍﻟﻒ‬
 ‫ﻓﺮﺩﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﻨﻈﻢ ﻭﻇﺎﯾﻒ ﺫﻫﻨﯽ ﭘﯿﭽﯿﺪﻩ ﺗﺮ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺩﻭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩﻫﺎ‬
‫ﺻﺮﻓﺎ ًﺑﺎ ﺗﮑﺮﺍﺭ ﭼﯿﺰﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻗﺒﻼ ًﺁﺳﺎﻥ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﻧﻤﯽ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺩﺭﺳﺖ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺮ ﮐﺴﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺎ ﭘﯿﺮﻭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻮﺻﯿﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺫﮐﺮ ﺷﺪﻩ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺑﺎﻻ‪ ،‬ﺳﻄﺢ ﻓﻌﻠﯽ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ ﯾﺎ ﻋﻘﻞ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺑﺨﺸﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﻮﺍﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﯾﺖ ﻫﺎﯾﯽﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﻭ ﻫﻨﻮﺯ ﻫﯿﭻ ﻭﺳﯿﻠﻪ ﺍﯼ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺸﺮ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﺁﻥﻓﺮﺍﺗﺮ ﺭﻭﺩ‪) .‬ﺑﻪ ﺯﻭﺩﯼ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﮐﻨﺪ ﺯﯾﺮﺍ ﻣﻬﻨﺪﺳﺎﻥ ﮊﻧﺘﯿﮏ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺸﻒ ﺍﺳﺮﺍﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻮﻟﮑﻮﻝ‪ DNA‬ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪(.‬‬
‫ﺩﺭﮐﻨﺎﺭ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﺸﻨﺎﺧﺘﯽ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﭘﯿﮕﯿﺮﯼ ﯾﮏ ﻫﺪﻑ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﺁﻥ‪،‬‬
‫ﻭﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎﯼﻣﻮﺭﻭﺛﯽ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﯽ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﮐﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺗﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﻼﺣﻈﺎﺕ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺧﺖﻓﯿﺰﯾﮏ ﻗﻬﺮﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺮ ﮐﺴﯽ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻪ ﺗﻮﺳﻌﻪ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺩﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻓﻘﻂ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﮐﻤﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﻗﻬﺮﻣﺎﻧﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺗﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ ﻭ ﺍﯾﻨﻬﺎ ﮐﺴﺎﻧﯽ‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯾﻦ ﻓﺮﺍﻭﺍﻧﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻭﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ ﻣﻮﺭﻭﺛﯽ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺍﯾﻦﻭﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺑﺪﻧﺴﺎﺯ ﻣﺸﺘﺎﻕ ﺭﺍﻫﻨﻤﺎﯾﯽ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﮐﺠﺎ ﻣﯽ ﺭﻭﺩ – ﻭ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻘﯽ‬

‫ﺭﺍﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﯽ ﺩﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯼ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫‪SOMATOTYPE‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺑﯽ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﺘﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ ﺑﺪﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﻣﻘﺎﻣﺎﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﺭﺳﯿﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ‬
‫ﺳﻪﻧﻮﻉ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺷﻨﺎﺳﺎﯾﯽ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺗﮑﺮﺍﺭ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﮐﺘﺮ ‪ WH‬ﺷﻠﺪﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺗﺠﺰﯾﻪ ﻭ ﺗﺤﻠﯿﻞ ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻫﺮ ﯾﮏ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺳﻪ ﻧﻮﻉ‪ ،‬ﺑﺪﻥ ﯾﮏ ﻓﺮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻃﺒﻘﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﮐﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻭ‬
‫ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ‪ somatotyping‬ﻧﺎﻣﯿﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﺳﻪﻣﺘﻐﯿﺮ ﺳﻮﻣﺎﺗﻮﺗﺎﯾﭙﯽ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺗﻨﺪ ﺍﺯ‪ :‬ﺍﻧﺪﻭﻣﻮﺭﻓﯽ‪ ،‬ﻣﺰﻭﻣﻮﺭﻓﯽ ﻭ ﺍﮐﺘﻮﻣﻮﺭﻓﯽ‪.‬‬

‫• ﺍﻧﺪﻭﻣﻮﺭﻓﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﻧﺮﻡ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﯾﮏ ﺍﻧﺪﻭﻣﻮﺭﻑ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽ‬
‫ﺍﺳﮑﺎﺕﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﻧﯿﻢ ﺗﻨﻪ ﮔﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﮔﺮﺩﻥ ﮐﻠﻔﺖ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﻭﻫﺎﯼ ﮐﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻭ ﭼﺎﻕ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫• ﻣﺰﻭﻣﻮﺭﻓﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻞ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﯾﮏ ﻣﺰﻭﻣﻮﺭﻑ ﻣﺮﺑﻊ‬
‫ﺷﮑﻞﻭ ﻗﻮﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﺷﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ ﭘﻬﻦ‪ ،‬ﺳﯿﻨﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﻫﺎﯼ‬
‫ﻗﺪﺭﺗﻤﻨﺪﻭ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﭼﺮﺑﯽ ﮐﻤﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫• ﺍﮐﺘﻮﻣﻮﺭﻓﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺧﻄﯽ ﺑﻮﺩﻥ ﯾﺎ ﺑﺎﺭﯾﮑﯽ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﮐﺘﻮﻣﻮﺭﻑ ﻫﺎ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ًﻗﺪﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻭ ﻫﻤﯿﺸﻪ ﺩﺭ ﻗﺴﻤﺖ ﺗﻨﻪ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﻻﻏﺮ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﭼﺮﺑﯽ ﺑﺪﻥ‬
‫ﯾﺎﻣﺎﻫﯿﭽﻪ ﮐﻤﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﻣﻨﺘﺰﺭ)ﺗﺮﮎ ﮐﺮﺩ(ﻣﺰﻭﻣﻮﺭﻑ ﺧﺎﻟﺺ ﺑﻮﺩ‬

‫ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞﺍﺳﮑﻠﺘﯽ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺍﺭﺯﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﯾﮏ ﻓﺮﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮏ ﻗﻬﺮﻣﺎﻧﯽ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﺑﺪﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﻃﻮﻝ‪،‬ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﻭ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﺮﺩ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺿﺮﻭﺭﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕﺑﺪﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ًﺑﺎ ﻫﯿﮑﻞ ﺍﯾﺪﻩ ﺁﻝ ﺑﺪﻧﺴﺎﺯﯼ ﻣﺮﺗﺒﻂ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﭘﻬﻦ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﻦﺑﺎﺭﯾﮏ ﻭ ﺑﺎﺯﻭﻫﺎ ﻭ ﭘﺎﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺎ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﺳﻄﻮﺭﻩ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺪﻧﺴﺎﺯﯼ‪ ،‬ﺳﺮﺟﯿﻮ‬
‫ﺍﻭﻟﯿﻮﺍ)ﺍﺯ ﺩﻫﻪ ‪ (1960‬ﻭ ﺍﺳﺘﯿﻮ ﺭﯾﻮﺯ )ﺍﺯ ﺩﻫﻪ ‪ (1940‬ﻧﻤﻮﻧﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ ﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪﮐﻪ ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪ ﺗﻨﺎﺳﺒﺎﺕ ﻣﺘﻌﺎﺩﻝ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﯾﮏ ﺑﺪﻧﺴﺎﺯ ﻣﻔﯿﺪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻥ ﻫﺎ ﺑﺎﯾﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﭽﻪ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﻨﮕﯿﻦ ﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ‬
‫ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﻧﻤﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺧﯿﻠﯽ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﻏﯿﺮ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺧﻄﻮﻁ ﺯﯾﺒﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﻪ ﻫﯿﮑﻞ‬
‫ﺑﺪﻧﺴﺎﺯﺍﺳﺖ ﺭﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ ﺑﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻃﻮﻝﻋﻀﻠﻪ‬

‫ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻭ ﺷﮑﻞ ﮔﯿﺮﯼ ﺍﺳﮑﻠﺘﯽ ﻓﺮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻗﺎﺩﺭ ﻣﯽ ﺳﺎﺯﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎﯼ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ‬
‫ﻋﻈﯿﻢﺣﻤﺎﯾﺖ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﯾﮏ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺑﺮﺳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﻋﻤﺪﺗﺎ ًﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻃﻮﻝﺁﻥ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻋﺒﺎﺭﺕ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ‪ ،‬ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﭽﻪ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ‪:‬‬
‫ﻋﺮﺽﺁﻥ ﻫﺮﮔﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺁﻥ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﻏﯿﺮ ﺍﯾﻦ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ‬
 ‫ﻗﺎﺩﺭﺑﻪ ﻗﺮﺍﺭﺩﺍﺩ ﻧﯿﺴﺖ ﯾﮏ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺩﻭﺳﺮ ﮐﻪ ﯾﮏ ﺍﯾﻨﭻ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻫﺮﮔﺰ ﺑﯿﺶ ﺍﺯ ﯾﮏ ﺍﯾﻨﭻ‬
‫ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖﻧﺨﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ ﯾﺎ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﭽﻪ ﺍﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺩﻭ ﺍﯾﻨﭻ ﻃﻮﻝ‪ ،‬ﺩﻭ ﺍﯾﻨﭻ ﺿﺨﺎﻣﺖ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﻭ ﻏﯿﺮﻩ‪.‬‬
‫ﺍﺳﺘﺨﻮﺍﻧﯽﮐﻪ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻣﺘﺼﻞ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺍﻫﻤﯿﺖ ﺯﯾﺎﺩﯼ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻠﮑﻪ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺗﺎﻧﺪﻭﻥ‬
‫ﺩﺭﯾﮏ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﯼ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺗﺎﻧﺪﻭﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﯼ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ ﯾﮏ‬
‫ﻋﻀﻠﻪﭼﻘﺪﺭ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺭﺳﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞﮊﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﺯﻧﺠﯿﺮﻩ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﻣﺘﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﺍﯾﻦ ﺣﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﯾﮏ ﺑﺪﻧﺴﺎﺯ ﺑﺎ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺩﻭﺳﺮ ﮐﻮﺗﺎﻩ ﻟﺰﻭﻣﺎ ًﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﮐﻮﺗﺎﻫﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺳﺮﺍﺳﺮ ﺑﺪﻥ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺩﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺭﺳﺪ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻫﺮ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺧﺎﺹ ﯾﮏ ﻭﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﺗﺼﺎﺩﻓﯽ ﺩﺭ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﻫﺮ‬
‫ﺑﺪﻧﺴﺎﺯﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ ﺗﻔﺎﻭﺕ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ًﺍﺯ ﯾﮏ ﻃﺮﻑ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﻭ ﺍﺯ ﯾﮏ‬
‫ﻗﺴﻤﺖﺑﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻓﺮﺩ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ ﻧﺎﺩﺭﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻭ‪/‬ﯾﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ‬
‫ﻋﻀﻼﺕﯾﮑﻨﻮﺍﺧﺖ ﺩﺭ ﮐﻞ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬
‫"ﺍﯾﻦ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺗﺎﻧﺪﻭﻥ ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﯼ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺗﺼﺎﻝ ﺗﺎﻧﺪﻭﻥ ﺩﺭ ﺍﻧﺘﻬﺎﯼ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ ﯾﮏ‬
‫ﻋﻀﻠﻪﭼﻘﺪﺭ ﺟﺮﻡ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺩﺍﺷﺖ‪ - ".‬ﻣﺎﯾﮏ ﻣﻨﺘﺰﺭ‬

‫ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ ﺯﯾﺎﺩﯼ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﯿﺮﺍﺙ ﮊﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻊﭼﺮﺑﯽ‬

‫ﻫﻤﺎﻧﻄﻮﺭﮐﻪ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮊﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﯾﺰﯼ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶﺩﻫﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﻣﺸﺨﺼﯽ ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﭼﺮﺑﯽ ﯾﺎ ﭼﺮﺑﯽ ﺭﺍ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺙ ﻣﯽ ﺑﺮﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻊ‬
‫ﺍﯾﻦﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﻫﺎ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﮊﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻏﯿﺮﭼﺎﻕ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫ﺣﺪﻭﺩ‪ 25‬ﺗﺎ ‪ 30‬ﻣﯿﻠﯿﺎﺭﺩ ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﭼﺮﺑﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﭼﺎﻕ ﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 50‬ﻣﯿﻠﯿﺎﺭﺩ ﻭ‬
‫ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ ﭼﺎﻕ ﺣﺪﻭﺩ ‪ 240‬ﻣﯿﻠﯿﺎﺭﺩ ﺳﻠﻮﻝ ﭼﺮﺑﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﻩ ﻭﺳﯿﻊ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺿﯿﺢ ﺍﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﭼﺮﺍ ﺑﺮﺧﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺣﺬﻑ ﺩﺍﺉﻤﯽ ﭼﺮﺑﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎ ًﻏﯿﺮﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﻣﯽ‬
‫ﺩﺍﻧﻨﺪﮐﻤﮏ ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬
 ‫ﺗﺮﺍﮐﻢﻓﯿﺒﺮ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ ‪ -‬ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻓﯿﺒﺮﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻣﻌﯿﻦ ﺍﺯ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ‪ -‬ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﺟﺮﻣﯽ ﯾﮏ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﭘﺲﺯﻣﯿﻨﻪ ﻧﮋﺍﺩﯼ ﻭ ﺟﻐﺮﺍﻓﯿﺎﯾﯽ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ ﺯﯾﺎﺩﯼ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﮐﻨﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﺤﻞ ﺭﺳﻮﺏ ﭼﺮﺑﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﺮﺩﻡﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﺳﺮﺩﺗﺮ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺁﻟﻤﺎﻥ ﻭ ﻧﺮﻭﮊ‪ ،‬ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﭼﺮﺑﯽ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻧﻮﺍﺣﯽ ﺷﮑﻢ ﻭ ﺗﻨﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻊﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻋﺎﯾﻖ ﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﻡ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺩﺍﺧﻠﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﺳﺮﻣﺎﯼ ﺷﺪﯾﺪ ﻭ ﺣﻔﻆ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ‬
‫ﻣﺮﮐﺰﯼﺛﺎﺑﺖ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﺮﺩﻡ ﻣﻨﺎﻃﻖ ﮔﺮﻡ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺁﻓﺮﯾﻘﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﯽ ﺗﻤﺎﯾﻞ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‬
‫ﭼﺮﺑﯽﮐﻤﺘﺮﯼ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺻﻮﺭﺕ ﺯﯾﺮ ﺟﻠﺪﯼ ﺫﺧﯿﺮﻩ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﺩﻫﻨﺪ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯼ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺧﻨﮏ ﻧﮕﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﻧﻮﻉ ﭼﺮﺑﯽ ﻫﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺍﺧﻞ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺎﺣﯿﻪ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺳﻦﺫﺧﯿﺮﻩ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺟﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺍﻗﻊ ﻣﺤﺮﻭﻣﯿﺖ ﻭ‪/‬ﯾﺎ ﻗﺤﻄﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﻬﻮﻟﺖ‬
‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯼﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻧﺮﮊﯼ ﺑﺴﯿﺞ ﮐﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻗﺮﺍﺭﮔﺮﻓﺘﻦ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻣﺪﺭﻥ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻌﺮﺽ ﺩﻣﺎﯼ ﺷﺪﯾﺪ ﺑﺎ ﮔﺮﻣﺎﯾﺶ ﻣﺮﮐﺰﯼ ﻭ ﺗﻬﻮﯾﻪ ﻣﻄﺒﻮﻉ‬
‫ﺑﻪﺷﺪﺕ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺪﺍﻗﻞ ﺭﺳﯿﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻋﻠﯽ ﺭﻏﻢ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﯿﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﺤﻘﻘﺎﻥ ﺷﻮﺍﻫﺪﯼ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺴﺘﻨﺪ‬
‫ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺪﮐﻪ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﯽ ﺩﻫﺪ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﻣﺘﻤﺪﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺭﺳﻮﺏ ﭼﺮﺑﯽ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻧﻘﺸﻪ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ‬
‫ﭘﯿﺸﯿﻨﯿﺎﻧﺶﺩﺭ ﻋﺼﺮ ﯾﺨﺒﻨﺪﺍﻥ ﺍﺭﺍﺉﻪ ﮐﺮﺩﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺮﻧﺎﻣﻪ ﺭﯾﺰﯼ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪﺑﻪ ﻣﻌﯿﺎﺭﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺪﻧﺴﺎﺯﺍﻥ ﻣﺪﺭﻥ ﻗﻀﺎﻭﺕ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﯿﻢ‪ ،‬ﻧﮋﺍﺩﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﯿﺮﻩ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻧﻈﺮﻻﻏﺮﯼ ﻭ ﺗﻌﺮﯾﻒ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ ﺷﺪﯾﺪ ﺑﺮﺗﺮﯼ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺮﺍﮐﻢﻓﯿﺒﺮ ﻭ ﮐﺎﺭﺍﯾﯽ ﻧﻮﺭﻭﻟﻮﮊﯾﮏ‬

 ‫ﺳﻮﻣﺎﺗﻮﺗﯿﭗ‪،‬ﺗﺸﮑﯿﻞ ﺍﺳﮑﻠﺘﯽ‪ ،‬ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﭽﻪ ﻭ ﺗﻮﺯﯾﻊ ﭼﺮﺑﯽ ﺻﻔﺎﺕ ﮊﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ‬
‫ﮐﻢﻭ ﺑﯿﺶ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﺗﺸﺨﯿﺺ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺍﯾﻦﺣﺎﻝ‪ ،‬ﺗﺮﺍﮐﻢ ﻓﯿﺒﺮ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ ﻭ ﮐﺎﺭﺍﯾﯽ ﻋﺼﺒﯽ ‪ -‬ﺩﻭ ﻭﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﺍﺭﺛﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ‬
‫ﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽﻧﻘﺶ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ ‪ -‬ﻧﺎﻣﺮﺉﯽ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﺨﻤﯿﻦ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻓﯿﺒﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﺣﺠﻢ‬
‫ﻣﻌﯿﻦﯾﺎ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻊ ﻣﻌﯿﻦ ﺍﺯ ﯾﮏ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺭﺍ ﻓﻘﻂ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﺍﺯ ﻃﺮﯾﻖ ﺑﯿﻮﭘﺴﯽ‬
‫ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﯽﮐﺮﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﺗﺮﺍﮐﻢﻓﯿﺒﺮ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﻃﻮﻝ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﭽﻪ‪ ،‬ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﺟﺮﻣﯽ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻫﺮ ﭼﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻓﯿﺒﺮﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﺣﺠﻢ ﻣﻌﯿﻦ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﺭﺷﺪ ﺁﻥ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺿﺨﯿﻢ ﺗﺮ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬ﺑﺎ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺟﺎﯼ ﺗﻼﺵ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﻬﯿﻪ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﺭﻭﺵ ﭘﺰﺷﮑﯽ ﭘﺮﻫﺰﯾﻨﻪ ﺍﯼ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺩﮐﻤﯽ ﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﺩﻫﯿﺪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﺒﯿﻨﯿﺪ ﺑﺎ ﭼﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺘﯽ ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺷﻤﺎ ﺿﺨﯿﻢ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﮐﺎﺭﺍﯾﯽﻋﺼﺒﯽ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺑﻄﻪ ﺑﯿﻦ ﺳﯿﺴﺘﻢ ﻋﺼﺒﯽ ﻭ ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﺍﺷﺎﺭﻩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﻋﺼﺐ‬
‫ﺩﻫﯽﺍﻋﺼﺎﺏ ﺑﻪ ﻣﺎﻫﯿﭽﻪ ﻫﺎ ﻭ ﻧﺤﻮﻩ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺷﺪﻥ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ ﻣﻐﺰ‪ ،‬ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ ﻭ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﻓﯿﺒﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﯾﮏ ﺣﺮﮐﺖ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﯾﮏ ﻣﻘﺎﻭﻣﺖ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩﯼ ﮐﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﮐﺎﺭﺍﯾﯽ ﻋﺼﺒﯽ ﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﯾﯽ ﺍﻧﻘﺒﺎﺽ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ‬
‫ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯼﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﯿﺎﻑ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺣﺪﺍﮐﺜﺮ ﺗﻼﺵ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﺗﻼﺵ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺟﺎﻧﺒﻪ‪ ،‬ﯾﮏ ﻓﺮﺩ‬
‫ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻟﯽﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ 30‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺍﺯ ﻓﯿﺒﺮﻫﺎﯼ ﯾﮏ ﻋﻀﻠﻪ ﺧﺎﺹ ﺭﺍ ﻣﻨﻘﺒﺾ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ‬
‫ﮐﻤﯽﺍﺯ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﻓﻌﺎﻝ ﺳﺎﺯﯼ ﺗﺎ ‪ 40‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﯽ‬
‫ﮐﻪﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﮐﻤﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﻣﻮﻓﻖ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ 50‬ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺭﺍ ﻣﺪﯾﺮﯾﺖ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﯾﯽ ﺍﻧﻘﺒﺎﺽ‬
‫ﺩﺭﺻﺪﺑﺎﻻﯾﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺍﻟﯿﺎﻑ ﻇﺮﻓﯿﺖ ﺍﻧﻘﺒﺎﺿﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻣﯽ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻧﺘﯿﺠﻪ ﺗﻼﺵ ﺷﺪﯾﺪﺗﺮﯼ‬
‫ﺭﺍﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﻣﯽ ﺳﺎﺯﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﺍﺳﺘﻘﺎﻣﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﯾﮏ ﻧﻘﻄﻪ ﺿﻌﻒ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺰﯾﺖ ﺑﺰﺭﮒ‬
‫ﺑﺮﺍﯼﺗﺤﺮﯾﮏ ﺭﺷﺪ ﯾﺎ ﺗﻼﺵ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﮑﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬
‫ﻣﻬﻢﻧﯿﺴﺖ ﮐﻪ ﭼﻪ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﮊﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﯾﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺎﺯ ﻫﻢ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﯿﺪ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺪﺕ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺳﻄﺢ ﺗﻮﺩﻩ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ ﻭ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ‬
‫ﺧﻮﺩﺭﺍ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺑﺒﺨﺸﯿﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﯼﺫﺍﺗﯽ‬

‫ﻫﻤﻪﻣﺎ ﺷﺎﻫﺪ ﺗﻼﺵ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺳﯿﺰﯾﻔﯽ ﻣﺘﻌﺼﺒﯽ ﺑﻮﺩﻩ ﺍﯾﻢ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺭﺳﺪ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺗﺮ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻫﺮﮐﺴﯽﮐﻪ ﺗﺎ ﺑﻪ ﺣﺎﻝ ﺩﯾﺪﻩ ﺍﯾﻢ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﻫﯿﭻ ﮔﺎﻩ ﻫﯿﭻ ﻧﺸﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺑﻬﺒﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﻧﺸﺎﻥﻧﻤﯽ ﺩﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﯾﺎ ﺩﻭ ﻧﻔﺮ ﮐﻪ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺮﻭﺗﮑﻞ ﺁﻣﻮﺯﺷﯽ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﯽ ﭘﯿﺮﻭﯼ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ ﻭ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ‬
‫ﯾﮑﯽﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪ ،‬ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺖ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻗﺪﺭﺕ ﻭ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﻇﺎﻫﺮﺍ ًﺑﺎ ﻫﺮ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ‪،‬‬
‫ﺩﯾﮕﺮﯼﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺭﺳﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻫﯿﭻ ﭘﯿﺸﺮﻓﺘﯽ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻭﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎﯼ ﮊﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ‬
‫ﻗﺪ‪،‬ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﺑﺮ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﯿﺪ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺵ ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﺯﻧﺠﯿﺮﻩ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﯿﺎﻥ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﭼﻨﺪﯾﻦﺳﺎﻝ ﭘﯿﺶ ﺑﻪ ﺫﻫﻨﻢ ﺭﺳﯿﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﯾﯽ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺍﻧﺴﺎﻥ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻭﺭﺯﺵ)ﺑﻪ ﻭﯾﮋﻩ ﻭﺭﺯﺵ ﺑﺎ ﺷﺪﺕ ﺑﺎﻻ( ﯾﮏ ﻭﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﺑﺎ ﻭﺍﺳﻄﻪ ﮊﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻫﻤﯿﻦ ﺗﺮﺗﯿﺐ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﯾﮏﺯﻧﺠﯿﺮﻩ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﺑﯿﺎﻥ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺣﺘﯽ ﯾﮏ ﻣﺸﺎﻫﺪﻩ ﮔﺎﻩ ﺑﻪ ﮔﺎﻩ ﻧﺸﺎﻥ ﻣﯽ ﺩﻫﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪﺑﻪ ﻗﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺑﻠﻨﺪ ﻗﺪ ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﺳﻤﺖ ﻭ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻤﺖ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺟﻪﺑﻪ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﻧﻮﺭ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﯿﺪ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩﯼ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﺭﻭﺷﻦ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺭﺍﺣﺘﯽ ﻣﯽ‬
‫ﺳﻮﺯﻧﺪ)ﺍﺯ ﺟﻤﻠﻪ ﻧﺎﻫﻨﺠﺎﺭﯼ ﻫﺎﯼ ﮊﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﻣﻌﺮﻭﻑ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻟﺒﯿﻨﻮ( ﻭ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩﯼ ﺑﺎ ﭘﻮﺳﺖ ﺗﯿﺮﻩ ﮐﻪ ﻣﯽ‬
‫ﺗﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﺳﺎﻋﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺩﺭ ﺯﯾﺮ ﻧﻮﺭ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻢ ﺧﻮﺭﺷﯿﺪ ﻭ ﺑﺪﻭﻥ ﺳﻮﺯﺵ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﻃﻮﺭ ﻣﺸﺎﺑﻪ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﻣﻮﺭﺩﻫﻮﺵ‪ ،‬ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩﯼ ﺑﺎ ﺿﺮﯾﺐ ﻫﻮﺷﯽ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﻭ ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎ ًﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﻧﺪﺍﺭﻧﺪ ﺩﺭ ﯾﮏ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﻃﯽ ﻭ‬
‫ﺿﺮﯾﺐﻫﻮﺷﯽ ﻧﺎﺑﻐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺳﻮﯼ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ .‬ﻭ ﺍﻟﺒﺘﻪ‪ ،‬ﺗﻘﺮﯾﺒﺎ ًﺑﻪ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ‪ ،‬ﺍﻧﻮﺍﻉ‬
‫ﻣﺨﺘﻠﻒﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﺑﻨﺪﯼ ﺑﺎﻻ ﺑﻪ ﭘﺎﯾﯿﻦ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ‪.‬‬

‫ﻭﺿﻌﯿﺖﻣﺸﺎﺑﻬﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺎﯾﯽ ﮊﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﻓﺮﺩ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ )ﻭ‬

 ‫ﭘﺎﺳﺦﺑﻪ( ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﺯﺵ‪ .‬ﻭﺭﺯﺵ ﻧﻮﻋﯽ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺑﺪﻥ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ‬
‫ﺷﺒﯿﻪﺍﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﺍﺷﻌﻪ ﻣﺎﻭﺭﺍء ﺑﻨﻔﺶ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺩﻗﯿﻘﺎ ًﺟﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻫﺮ ﻓﺮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﺗﺪﺍﻭﻡ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﯼ‬
‫ﺫﺍﺗﯽﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﻭﺭﺯﺵ ﺳﻘﻮﻁ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﻪ ﻭﺍﺳﻄﻪ ﺍﺳﺘﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﮊﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻭ‬
‫ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﯼﺑﺎ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺱ ﻧﺎﺷﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﺯﺵ ﺷﺪﯾﺪ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﮐﺴﯽ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﺮﻋﺖ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ‬
‫ﺗﻄﺒﯿﻖﺩﻫﺪ‪ ،‬ﺁﻧﮕﺎﻩ ﻓﺮﺻﺘﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﺍﻧﺪﮐﯽ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥ ﭘﺬﯾﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ )ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﯾﻦ ﮐﻪ‬
‫ﺁﯾﺎﻣﻄﻠﻮﺏ ﺍﺳﺖ ﯾﺎ ﺧﯿﺮ‪ ،‬ﺳﻮﺍﻝ ﺩﯾﮕﺮﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻢ‬
‫ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ(‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺍﮔﺮ ﻓﺮﺩﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺟﺎﯾﯽ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺳﻮﯼ ﭘﯿﻮﺳﺘﺎﺭ ﺑﯿﻔﺘﺪ‪ ،‬ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﻭ ﺳﺎﺯﮔﺎﺭﯼ‬
‫ﺑﺎﺟﻠﺴﺎﺕ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﯽ ﻣﮑﺮﺭ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻭ ﻏﯿﺮﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﻭ ﺑﻬﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ ﭼﻨﯿﻦ ﺍﺳﺘﺮﺳﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ‬
‫ﺩﻭﺯﻫﺎﯼﻣﺘﻮﺳﻂ ﻭ ﺑﻪ ﻧﺪﺭﺕ ﺗﺤﻤﻞ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﻣﻦ ﺑﻌﺪﺍ ًﺩﺭ ﮐﺘﺎﺏ ﺑﺎ ﺟﺰﺉﯿﺎﺕ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮﯼ ﺑﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ‬
‫ﻣﺆﻟﻔﻪﺧﻮﺍﻫﻢ ﭘﺮﺩﺍﺧﺖ‪ ،‬ﺯﯾﺮﺍ ﺍﺯ ﺑﯿﻦ ﻭﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺫﮐﺮ ﺷﺪ‪ ،‬ﺁﮔﺎﻫﯽ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻋﺎﻣﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ‬
‫ﺍﻣﮑﺎﻥﻣﯽ ﺩﻫﺪ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﻩ ﺍﯼ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺁﻥ ﺩﺳﺘﮑﺎﺭﯼ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﺘﺰﺭ)ﺩﺭﺳﺖ(ﺑﺤﺚ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪﺁﻧﮑﺘﻪ ﺍﯼ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺗﮑﻨﯿﮏ ﺻﺤﯿﺢ ﻭﺯﻧﻪ ﺑﺮﺩﺍﺭﯼ ﺍﻟﻤﭙﯿﮏ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻤﮑﺎﺭ ﺑﺪﻧﺴﺎﺯ ﻟﻮ ﻓﺮﯾﮕﻨﻮ)‬
‫ﺳﻤﺖﭼﭗ( ﺑﻪ ﻋﻨﻮﺍﻥﺍﯾﻦ ﺩﻭ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺭﻗﺎﺑﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺗﻠﻮﯾﺰﯾﻮﻥ ‪" ABC‬ﻣﺴﺎﺑﻘﻪ ﺳﻮﭘﺮﺍﺳﺘﺎﺭﻫﺎ" ﺁﻣﺎﺩﻩ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﻧﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻝ ﺣﺎﺿﺮ ﻣﻬﻢ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺧﺎﻃﺮ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﯿﺪ ﮐﻪ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﯾﺖ ﻫﺎ ﻫﻤﯿﺸﻪ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺩﺍﺷﺖﻭ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩﯾﺖ ﻫﺎ ﺍﺣﺘﻤﺎﻻ ًﻣﺎﻫﯿﺖ ﮊﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﺎ ﻧﻤﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﯿﻢ ﮐﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ‬
‫ﺩﻫﯿﻢﺗﺎ ﺁﻧﻬﺎ ﺭﺍ ﺗﻐﯿﯿﺮ ﺩﻫﯿﻢ‪ .‬ﺑﻨﺎﺑﺮﺍﯾﻦ‪ ،‬ﺍﮔﺮ ﯾﮏ ﺍﺭﺯﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺻﺎﺩﻗﺎﻧﻪ ﺍﺯ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﯿﺪ‬
 ‫ﺑﺎﻟﻘﻮﻩﻭ ﺩﺭﮎ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻣﺤﺪﻭﺩ ﻫﺴﺘﯿﺪ‪ ،‬ﻧﺎﺍﻣﯿﺪ ﻧﺸﻮﯾﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺁﻧﺠﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﯾﮏ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺩﭼﯿﺰﯼ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﻓﻘﻂ ﺩﺭ ﮔﺬﺷﺘﻪ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻧﺪ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻗﺖ ﺍﺭﺯﯾﺎﺑﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺷﻤﺎ ﻫﺮﮔﺰ ﻭﺍﻗﻌﺎ ً‬
‫ﻧﻤﯽ ﺩﺍﻧﯿﺪﭼﻪ ﭼﯿﺰﯼ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﺩﺳﺖ ﺁﻭﺭﯾﺪ‪ ،‬ﻣﮕﺮ ﺍﯾﻨﮑﻪ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ ﻭ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺩﺭﮎﺁﻥ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﻫﯿﺪ‪ .‬ﺯﻣﺎﻧﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺁﺭﻧﻮﻟﺪ ﺷﻮﺍﺭﺗﺰﻧﮕﺮ ﺩﺭ ﭘﺎﻧﺰﺩﻩ ﺳﺎﻟﮕﯽ ﺷﺮﻭﻉ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦﮐﺮﺩ‪ ،‬ﻫﯿﭻ ﺭﺍﻫﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺩﺍﻧﺴﺘﻦ ﺁﯾﻨﺪﻩ ﺍﺵ ﻧﺪﺍﺷﺖ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﯾﮏ ﺍﻧﮕﯿﺰﻩ ﻭ ﺟﺎﻩ ﻃﻠﺒﯽ ﺑﯽ‬
‫ﺍﻣﺎﻥﺑﻮﺩ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺎﻋﺚ ﺷﺪ ﺍﻭ ﺩﺭ ﻭﺭﺯﺵ ﺑﺪﻧﺴﺎﺯﯼ ﺑﻪ ﻣﻮﻓﻘﯿﺖ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺯﯾﺎﺩﯼ ﺩﺳﺖ ﯾﺎﺑﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞﺭﻭﺍﻧﺸﻨﺎﺳﯽ‬

‫ﺁﻧﻬﺎﯾﯽﺍﺯ ﺷﻤﺎ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺎﺷﮕﺎﻩ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺗﺠﺎﺭﯼ ﯾﺎ ﻋﻤﻮﻣﯽ ﺑﺎ ﺳﺎﯾﺮ ﺑﺪﻧﺴﺎﺯﺍﻥ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻨﺪ‪،‬‬
‫ﺑﺪﻭﻥﺷﮏ ﺑﺎ ﮐﺴﺎﻧﯽ ﺭﻭﺑﺮﻭ ﺷﺪﻩ ﺍﻧﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺁﺷﮑﺎﺭﺍ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﺑﺪﻧﯽ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﯼ‬
‫ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪،‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺑﻪ ﻧﻈﺮ ﻣﯽ ﺭﺳﺪ ﻫﺮﮔﺰ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻧﺪﺍﺯﻩ ﺍﯼ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺩﺭ ﺍﯾﻦ ﻭﺭﺯﺵ ﭘﯿﺶ ﻧﻤﯽ‬
‫ﺭﻭﻧﺪ‪.‬ﺍﻏﻠﺐ ﺍﻭﻗﺎﺕ‪ ،‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽ ﺗﻮﺍﻥ ﻣﺴﺘﻘﯿﻤﺎ ًﺑﻪ ﮐﻤﺒﻮﺩ ﻋﻮﺍﻣﻞ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﯽ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬
‫ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩﯾﮏ ﻫﯿﮑﻞ ﺩﺭﺟﻪ ﯾﮏ ﻧﺴﺒﺖ ﺩﺍﺩ‪ .‬ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺟﻬﺎﻥ ﻣﻤﻠﻮ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩ ﺑﯽ ﺷﻤﺎﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ‬
‫ﻧﺎﻫﻨﺠﺎﺭﯼ ﻫﺎﯼﮊﻧﺘﯿﮑﯽ ﺍﺳﺖ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﻣﺎﺩﺭﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻭﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺳﺎﺧﺘﻦ‬
‫ﻋﻀﻼﺕﺑﺰﺭﮒ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﻣﯿﺰﺍﻥ ﺑﺮﻭﺯ ﺁﻥ ﺍﻓﺮﺍﺩ ﺍﺳﺘﺜﻨﺎﯾﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺟﺎﻩ ﻃﻠﺒﯽ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺵ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬
‫ﺑﻪ ﮐﺎﺭﮔﯿﺮﯼﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﻧﯿﺰ ﺩﺭ ﺍﺧﺘﯿﺎﺭ ﺩﺍﺭﻧﺪ‪ ،‬ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺳﺖ‪.‬‬

‫ﺑﺎﺗﻮﺟﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺳﻄﺢ ﻣﻘﻄﻌﯽ ﻣﻌﺮﻑ ‪ 100000‬ﻣﺮﺩ ﻋﺎﺩﯼ‪ ،‬ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ‪ 20‬ﻧﻔﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﺩﺍﺭﺍﯼ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ ﻓﻮﻕ ﺍﻟﻌﺎﺩﻩ ﺍﯼ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮏ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ ﺑﺎﺷﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺯ ﺍﯾﻦ‬
‫‪20‬ﻧﮋﺍﺩ ﺍﺻﯿﻞ‪ ،‬ﺷﺎﯾﺪ ﭘﻨﺞ ﻧﮋﺍﺩ ﺑﺎ ﺍﻧﮕﯿﺰﻩ ﻭ ﺍﺭﺍﺩﻩ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻧﺠﺎﻡ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻨﺎﺕ ﺳﺨﺖ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ‬
‫ﻣﺪﺕﺯﻣﺎﻥ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪ ﺩﺭﺻﺪ ﺧﻮﺑﯽ ﺍﺯ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻓﻌﻠﯿﺖ ﺑﺮﺳﺎﻧﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ‬
‫ﺗﻌﺪﺍﺩﺍﻧﺪﮎ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ ﺯﯾﺮﺍ ﺑﻪ ﻃﺒﯿﻌﺘﯽ ﻭﺳﻮﺍﺳﯽ ﻧﯿﺎﺯ ﺩﺍﺭﺩ ﺗﺎ ﻫﺮ ﺗﻼﺷﯽ ﺭﺍ ﺗﺎ ﺣﺪ ﺧﻮﺩ‬
‫ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝﮐﻨﺪ‪ .‬ﺍﺩﺍﻣﻪ ﺩﺍﺩﻥ ﻭ ﭘﯿﺪﺍ ﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻓﺮﺩﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺁﻥ ﭘﻨﺞ ﻭﺳﻮﺍﺱ ﺑﺎ ﻫﻮﺵ ﮐﺎﻓﯽ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﮐﺸﻒ‬
‫ﺁﻧﭽﻪﺩﺭ ﻭﺍﻗﻊ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺗﺤﻘﻖ ﭘﺘﺎﻧﺴﯿﻞ ﻫﺎﯾﺶ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺍﺳﺖ‪ ،‬ﺩﺷﻮﺍﺭﺗﺮ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﺪ ﺑﻮﺩ‪ ،‬ﺯﯾﺮﺍ‬
‫ﻭﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎﯾﯽﻣﺎﻧﻨﺪ ﺟﺎﻩ ﻃﻠﺒﯽ ﻭ ﻫﻮﺵ ﮐﻤﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻭﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﮑﯽ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻤﺲ ﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﭼﮕﻮﻧﻪﯾﮏ ﻓﺮﺩ ﺑﻪ ﺩﻧﺒﺎﻝ ﭘﺮﻭﺭﺵ ﻭﯾﮋﮔﯽ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺭﻭﺍﻧﯽ ﻻﺯﻡ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﯾﺠﺎﺩ ﯾﮏ ﻫﯿﮑﻞ ﻋﺎﻟﯽ‬
‫ﺍﺳﺖ؟ﺑﺎﺯ ﻫﻢ ﻣﻘﺪﺍﺭ ﻣﻌﯿﻨﯽ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻮﺵ ﺑﻪ ﺍﺭﺙ ﻣﯽ ﺭﺳﺪ ﺩﺭ ﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺨﺸﯽ ﺩﯾﮕﺮ ﺗﻮﺳﻂ‬
‫ﺗﺄﺛﯿﺮﺍﺕﻣﺤﯿﻄﯽ ﺗﻌﯿﯿﻦ ﻣﯽ ﺷﻮﺩ‪ .‬ﺑﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺍﺟﺎﺯﻩ ﻧﺪﻫﯿﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﺒﺪﯾﻞ ﺑﻪ ﺁﻥ ﻧﻮﻉ ﻓﺮﺩﯼ ﺗﮏ‬
‫ﺑﻌﺪﯼﺷﻮﯾﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺗﻤﺎﻡ ﻭﺟﻮﺩﺵ ﺣﻮﻝ ﻣﺤﻮﺭ ﺁﻥ ﻣﯽ ﭼﺮﺧﺪ‬
 ‫ﺳﺎﻟﻦﺑﺪﻧﺴﺎﺯﯼ ﻭ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ ﺷﻤﺎ ﻫﺮﮔﺰ ﺩﺍﻧﺶ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻓﯿﺰﯾﻮﻟﻮﮊﯼ ﻭﺭﺯﺵ ﻭ ﺗﻐﺬﯾﻪ ﺑﺎ‬
‫ﺗﻤﺎﺷﺎﯼﺗﺼﺎﻭﯾﺮ ﺳﺘﺎﺭﻩ ﻫﺎﯼ ﻋﻀﻼﻧﯽ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﻋﻼﻗﻪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺭﻭﺯ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻧﻤﯽ ﺩﻫﯿﺪ‪.‬‬
‫ﻋﻼﯾﻖﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﮔﺴﺘﺮﺩﻩ ﻭ ﻣﺘﻨﻮﻉ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ ﺗﺎ ﭼﯿﺰﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻏﯿﺮ ﺍﺯ ﺑﺪﻧﺴﺎﺯﯼ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﺑﺮ ﮔﯿﺮﺩ‪ .‬ﺍﯾﻦ ﺑﻪ‬
‫ﻋﻤﯿﻖ ﺗﺮﮐﺮﺩﻥ ﻭ ﻭﺳﻌﺖ ﺑﺨﺸﯿﺪﻥ ﺑﻪ ﺫﻫﻦ ﺷﻤﺎ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﮐﻪ ﺑﻪ ﺷﻤﺎ ﮐﻤﮏ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﺪ‬
‫ﺩﯾﺪﮔﺎﻩﺟﺪﯾﺪ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺭﺍ ﺩﺭ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ ﺑﺪﻧﺴﺎﺯﯼ ﺩﺭ ﺩﯾﺪ ﻭ ﺗﻤﺮﮐﺰ ﻣﻨﺎﺳﺐ ﺣﻔﻆ ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﺩﺭﺣﺎﻟﯽ ﮐﻪ ﻣﻤﮑﻦ ﺍﺳﺖ ﭼﯿﺰﻫﺎﯾﯽ ﻭﺟﻮﺩ ﺩﺍﺷﺘﻪ ﺑﺎﺷﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﺘﻮﺍﻧﯿﺪ ﺑﺮﺍﯼ ﺍﻓﺰﺍﯾﺶ ﻣﯿﻞ ﺧﻮﺩ ﺗﻤﺮﯾﻦ‬
‫ﮐﻨﯿﺪ‪،‬ﻣﻦ ﺍﺣﺴﺎﺱ ﻣﯽ ﮐﻨﻢ ﮐﻪ ﭘﺮﻭﺭﺵ ﺁﻥ ﺟﻮﺍﻧﻪ ﺟﺎﻩ ﻃﻠﺒﯽ ﮐﻪ ﺩﺭ ﺩﺭﻭﻥ ﻫﻤﻪ ﻣﺎ ﻧﻬﻔﺘﻪ ﺍﺳﺖ ﺑﻪ ﻋﻬﺪﻩ‬
‫ﻓﺮﺩﺍﺳﺖ‪ .‬ﻓﻘﻂ ﯾﮏ ﺍﻗﻠﯿﺖ ﺑﺴﯿﺎﺭ ﮐﻮﭼﮏ ﺩﺭ ﻫﺮ ﻋﺮﺻﻪ ﺍﯼ ﺍﺯ ﺗﻼﺵ ﺑﻪ ﺍﻭﺝ ﻣﯽ ﺭﺳﻨﺪ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﻣﻌﻤﻮﻻ ًﺍﯾﻦ‬
‫ﮐﺴﺎﻧﯽﻫﺴﺘﻨﺪ ﮐﻪ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﺮ ﺍﺯ ﻫﻤﻪ ﺁﻥ ﺭﺍ ﻣﯽ ﺧﻮﺍﻫﻨﺪ‪.‬‬

‫ﻣﻨﺘﺰﺭﺩﺭ ﻃﻮﻝ ﺯﻧﺪﮔﯽ ﺧﻮﺩ ﯾﮏ ﺧﻮﺍﻧﻨﺪﻩ ﻣﺸﺘﺎﻕ ﺑﺎﻗﯽ ﻣﺎﻧﺪ ‪ -‬ﻓﻠﺴﻔﻪ‪ ،‬ﺭﻭﺍﻧﺸﻨﺎﺳﯽ‪ ،‬ﻭ ﺭﻣﺎﻥ ﻫﺎﯼ ﺁﯾﻦ ﺭﻧﺪ ﻣﻮﺭﺩ‬
‫ﻋﻼﻗﻪﺍﻭ ﺑﻮﺩﻧﺪ ‪ -‬ﺍﻣﺎ ﺍﻭ ﻫﻤﭽﻨﯿﻦ ﺍﺧﺒﺎﺭ ﺭﺍ ﺑﻪ ﺷﺪﺕ ﻣﻄﺎﻟﻌﻪ ﻣﯽ ﮐﺮﺩ ﺗﺎ ﺍﺯ ﺍﺗﻔﺎﻗﺎﺕ ﺩﻧﯿﺎﯼ ﺧﺎﺭﺝ ﺍﺯ ﻭﺭﺯﺷﮕﺎﻩ ﻣﻄﻠﻊ‬
‫ﺷﻮﺩ‪.‬‬