Introduction:

As oil wells are drilled by the rotary method, drilling mud circulates up the annulus between drill
pipe and well wall. Drillers adjust mud density so that the pressure at the bottom of the mud
column is several hundred psi greater than the pressure of reservoir fluid. As a result of this
pressure difference, the liquid part of the mud filters into the rock around the bore and mud solids
deposit as a filter cake on the well wall.

Filtration: is The process of separating components of a slurry by leaving the suspended solids as
filter cake on a filter medium while the liquid passes through. The process can be either static or
dynamic.

Filtration process depend on

1- formation characteristics (permeability)

2- drilling fluid characteristics (solid content, particle size distribution)
3- differential pressure (Δp).

There are two types of filtration which are

1-static filtration

2-Dynamic filtration

Filtration can cause several problems for example

1- formation damage(reducing the formation permability)

2- inaccurate logging mesurments ( must be correlated )
3- wellbore instaibility

aim of experiment:

1- to measure the amount of filtration to calculate the permeability

2- to measure the thickness of mud cake

materials and equibments

material

• 22.5 gm of bentonite
• 350 ml of water

Equibments

• triple beam balacnce

• graduated cylinder
• cup
• electric mixer
• Filtration paper
 • Standard API filter press
• beaker

procedure :

1- first we prepaired a drilling mud to preform the test on it

2- then we put the mud into the API standard pump to apply some pressure on it
3- raise the pump pressure to 100 PSI and keep it on this pressure
4- measure the volume calculated at different times

Discussion:

1- what is the problems caused by mud filtration?

Ans/ 1- formation damage(reducing the formation permability)

2- inaccurate logging mesurments ( must be correlated )

3-wellbore instaibility

2- why we should correlate the curve we draw in the chart?

Ans/ because the filtration process started before we applied the pressure of 100 Psi

3- where do the static filtration process occur in the well

Ans/ occurs when drilling fluid is not circulating in the wellbore and no pipe movement

4- where do the dynamic filtration process occur in the well

Ans/ occurs when mud is circulated

5- what is the purpose of the washers around the filtiration paper?

Ans/ to prevent the mud from flowing in any direction except the filtiration paper

6- why should we put a wet filter not a dry one

Ans/ because the dry one will absorb from the mud filtrate and increase the inaccuracy in the
expeeriment