ENT 731- ASSIGNMENT 1

NAME- ABDUL ILIYAZ

ID- AOO164978

COMMODITY 1: Sorghum
PEST: Midge
C/N: Sorghum midge
S/N: Stenodiplosis sorghicola

DISTRIBUTION
Around the world. North, South, and Focal America, the Caribbean, Europe, and Oceania are
landmasses. Australia, Fiji1, New Caledonia, and Papua New Guinea have all detailed hearing it.

LIFE CYCLE

A huge issue; the hatchlings consume the youthful seeds in the heads. Entire grains are missing, all
things considered, when invasions are serious. The midge is a mosquito-like bug that is 1.5 to 2 mm
long, orange, has clear wings, and, for females, long radio wires. Around 100 eggs are ordinarily laid
by the female, each in turn into the botanical spikelets. To furnish the hatchlings with the delicate
developing seed to benefit from, egg-laying happens right as the spikelets open. The eggs hatch in 2
to 3 days, and the hatchlings are 2.5 mm long, axle formed, and at first white before ultimately
becoming orange. They pupate in close to 10 days. Close to three days before to grown-up rise, the
pupae migrate to the tip of the glumes. The life expectancy is roughly 14 days.

Systematic position

K-Animalia P-Arthropoda

C-Insecta 0-Diptera

Side effects

High midge populaces can demolish crops that are powerless. The midge is remembered to
obliterate somewhere in the range of 10% and 15% of the sorghum delivered worldwide. Despite
the fact that early planting is suggested as a valuable midge the executives procedure, challenges
habitually emerge. Ranchers might plant at various times and with various sorts of variable readiness
in the one region, giving the midge the capacity to move in more prominent numbers starting with
one yield then onto the next.
MANAGEMENT

CULTURAL CONTROL

 Plant ahead of schedule to forestall the serious invasions that late-established crops insight.
 Johnson grasses specifically ought to be disposed of from the field and its environmental
factors. The midge goes through a couple of ages on crude grasses prior to moving to
sorghum crops.
 Decrease bother harm per plant or per unit region by utilizing a high establishing rate.
RESILIENT VERSION
 The significant methodology for controlling midges is to utilize safe cross breed cultivars.
 Pick cultivars that adult at generally a similar period.
 Pick cultivars that don't turner, or foster side branches from the plant's base.

CHEMICAL CONTROL

Compound control will be unrewarding for some ranchers. As well as being expensive, the main time
it tends to be done effectively is during blooming, which is a concise window of time. The way that
the glumes are safeguarding the harming hatchlings is another issue. Utilize an engineered
pyrethroid, nonetheless, assuming a field check uncovers that there are mutiple or two midges for
each head and pesticides are open. Almost certainly, various applications will be required.

Item 1: Maize

Bug: Weevil

C/N: Maize weevil

S/N: Sitophilus zeamais

Dispersion

Around the world. tropical and subtropical locales. Asia, Africa, the Caribbean, North, South, and
Focal America, Europe, and Oceania. From Australia, Fiji1, New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea,
Solomon Islands, and Tonga reports of it have been made.

LIFE CYCLE

The grown-ups of this weevil assault sound grain, and both the grown-ups and the hatchlings feed
inside them, abandoning critical depressions and rise openings. The maize weevil and rice weevil are
very comparative. Enormous invasions create intensity and dampness, which energize form and bug
colonization. Through openings nibbled into the grain and fixed with a coagulated material, females
can rest up to 150 eggs. The initial 4-5 weeks of the female's life, which endures about a year, are
the point at which most of eggs are laid. The whitish, legless hatchlings that rise up out of the eggs
stay inside the grain and pupate there. Grown-ups are 3-4 mm long, going in variety from ruddy
brown to dark, and have four minimal rosy to yellowish spots at the sides of their wing covers. Under
ideal circumstances, advancement requires about 35 days. The maize weevil, Sitophilus maizee,
spreads more broadly by flying than the rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae, which needs completely
created wings. In spite of the fact that pervasions could start in the field, most of damage occurs
away. A sex pheromone on the female draws in guys.

SYSTEMATIC POSITION

K-Animalia P-Arthropoda

C-Insecta 0-Coleoptera

Side effects

The weevil spends the vast majority of its life inside grain, making it hard to track down except if
populaces are huge. Toward the sides of the wing cases, search for a dull red-brown to practically
dark weevil with faint yellowish or rosy patches on its back. Check for the grain's particularly
enormous arising openings with lopsided edges. Track down the grown-ups with the long noses
(around 1 mm). Since Sitophilus zeamais and Sitophilus oryzae are firmly related, recognizable proof
of the previous requires the skill of a taxonomist.

MANAGEMENT

CONTROL OF CULTURE

The grain should be dried appropriately, the extra space should be kept perfect, and successive,
normal grain observing is pivotal. Control is by and large indistinguishable from that exhorted for the
rice weevil.

CHEMICAL CONTROL

While utilizing bug sprays, make benefit of the accompanying; regular cleanliness techniques, apply
malathion to the inside of grain-stockpiling receptacles as well as their walls, floors, and covers.
Readiness of seed for planting, Everall manufactured pyrethroids, for example, cypermethrin or
deltamethrin. The treated seed should be painstakingly isolated from the seed expected for human
utilization. It can't be joined with creature feed or utilized as nourishment for poultry or creatures.
Neonicotinoids: models incorporate imidacloprid. Practically identical alerts to those for pyrethroids
are material.