WRITING ABOUT RESULTS

INQUIRY, INVESTIGATION, & IMMERSION

SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, & MATHEMATICS
MR. JORELL C. LAPATING, LPT
jorell.lapating@zchonghua.edu.ph
 • effective authors HIGHLIGHT
THE MAIN POINTS only.
Important
Notes to • authors DO NOT REPEAT IN
Remember! WORDS all the results from
the tables or figures.
 • highlights the important findings;
• locates the figure(s) or table(s)
Functions of where the results can be found;
and
Results
• comments on (but does not
Sentences discuss) the results.
Example
 Examples of combined highlight & location styles
✓ Measurements of root length density (Figure 3)
revealed that the majority of roots of both cultivars
were found in the upper substrate layers.
Elements that highlight ✓ The response of lucerne root growth to manganese
and locate are rate and depth treatments was similar to that of
shoots (Figure 2)
sometimes combined
in the same sentence,
Example of a separate location statement
and sometimes appear
✓ Figure 17 shows the average number of visits per
in separate sentences bird
 ▪ Past tense (either active or passive voice)
✓ is used when the sentence focuses on the completed
study: what was done and found.

Verb tense in ▪ Present tense is used:

✓ to describe an ‘‘always true’’ situation; and
Results sections ✓ when the sentence focuses on the document, which
will always be there.
“The effect of urea concentration on the fed leaf and
Common use of tense in shoot growth in subterranean clover is summarized in
Table 1.”
Results sections
▪ Modal verbs (e.g. may and could)
✓ may be used in comments, especially in that clauses.
THE DISCUSSION SECTION
INQUIRY, INVESTIGATION, & IMMERSION
SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, ENGINEERING, & MATHEMATICS
MR. JORELL C. LAPATING, LPT
jorell.lapating@zchonghua.edu.ph
 • Structure of the Discussion
• Relating the Discussion
Important closely to the paper’s title
structural issues • Relating the Discussion
closely to the Introduction
 1. A reference to the main purpose or hypothesis of the study,
or a summary of the main activity of the study.
2. A restatement or review of the most important findings,
generally in order of their significance
3. Explanations for the findings, supported by references to
Information relevant literature, and/or speculations about the findings,
elements to also supported by literature citation.
4. Limitations of the study that restrict the extent to which the
highlight the key findings can be generalized beyond the study conditions.
5. Implications of the study (generalizations from the results:
messages what the results mean in the context of the broader field).
6. Recommendations for future research and/or practical
applications.
 The verbs carry much of the meaning about attitude to
findings and strength of claim.
In sentences using that, authors have two opportunities
to show how strong they want their claim to be:
i. in the choice of vocabulary and tense in the main verb;
Negotiating the ii. in the choice of verb tense in the that clause.

strength of
claims
Examples
Examples