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Understanding Self Midterms
Understanding Self Midterms
❖ Western Self
★ Focus on oneself and personal needs.
★ Tend to be more egoistic or individualists.
★ Mas priority mo ang desire at goals mo.
★ You can stand alone.
★ Independent person.
★ Liberated– walang pakialam sa iisipin ng ibang tao.
❖ Eastern Self
★ Focus on others and their feelings.
★ Tend to be more collectivists.
★ You love being in a group.
★ Gusto mo may kasama.
★ Dependent person.
Give priority to the personal goals of Give priority to the goals of their
their in-groups. in-groups.
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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS
PHYSICAL SELF
❖ Physical Self
★ It refers to the body which we interface with our environment and
fellow beings.
★ Body, attributes, appearance.
❖ William James
★ He considered the body as the initial source of sensation and
necessary for the origin and maintenance of personality.
★ It is an element of spiritual hygiene of supreme significance.
★ Example: pain tolerance; A police officer trained to have a strong body
physique.
★ No physical body, no sensation.
★ Nagiging strong ‘yung body physique.
★ Somatic– voluntary; walking, running, etc.
★ Sympathetic– fight-and-flight response; adrenaline, norepinephrine.
❖ Sigmund Freud
★ In Psychoanalytic School, construction of self and personality makes
the physical body the core of the human experience.
★ No human body, no experiences, no personality.
❖ Wilhelm Reich
★ He is the founder of Somatic Psychology (Body Psychology).
★ He argued that mind and body are one.
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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS
❖ Erik Erikson
★ According to him, the role of bodily organs is especially important in
early developmental stages of a person’s life.
★ Later in life, the development of physical as well as intellectual skills
help determine whether the individual will achieve a sense of
competence or superiority.
★ Example: a child gets their confidence when they’re bigger, stronger,
faster, and more capable of learning complex skills.
★ School age ang important stage.
★ Body physique– does not apply all the time.
❖ Carl Jung
★ He argued that the physical body and the external world can be
known only as psychological experiences.
★ Hindi raw ganon ka-importante ang physical body.
★ There are different types of archetypes.
★ Walang kinalaman ang archetypes sa experiences mo.
★ Ito ‘yung nagmo-mold sa personality mo.
★ Experienced na walang contribute sa personality.
❖ Self-Esteem
★ As our physical body dictates how we act in front of other people, it
also defines how we will manage our self-esteem.
★ Most of the time, self-esteem is defined by what physical attributes a
person has.
★ Lifetime partner: least ang physical attributes sa pagpili.
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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS
Types of Self-Esteem:
1. Inflated Self-Esteem
★ These people hold high regard for themselves to the point of
underestimating other people.
★ Mataas ang tingin sa sarili.
★ They cause harm to other people.
★ They degrade and discriminate against other people.
★ Gagawin ang lahat kahit nakakasakit na.
★ Ayaw niya na may nakaka-angat sa kanya.
2. High Self-Esteem
★ A positive self-esteem which makes a person satisfied with himself.
★ Mga gusto natin na meron tayo.
★ Established na dapat ang self-identity mo.
★ Hindi mo na kailangan na purihin ka pa ng ibang tao.
★ Enough ka na.
★ Magaling ka na.
★ They don’t discriminate or degrade other people.
★ Enough na ‘yung sarili mo para sa’yo.
★ Healthy competition.
★ Umaangat lahat nang sabay-sabay ‘yung tinutulungan nila.
3. Low Self-Esteem
★ This kind of person does not value and trust themselves.
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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS
SEXUAL SELF
❖ Androgens
➢ These are male sex hormones which produces secondary sex
characteristics like growth of bodily hair and change in voice.
➢ It is secreted by the testes at the time of puberty.
❖ Estrogen
➢ These are hormones which are secreted by ovaries which are
concerned in female secondary sexual characteristics such as changes
in physical appearance.
❖ Progesterone/s
➢ These are secreted by corpus luteum in ovaries are concerned in
menstrual cycle and pregnancy.
Ovaries
★ After menstruation, magkaka egg cell na ulit.
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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS
Primordial Follicle
★ Magsisimula after menstruation.
★ Maliit pa lang siya.
Primary Follicle
★ Kapag malaki na ‘yung egg cell.
Follicle
★ Ito na ‘yung egg cell na nagmamature.
Mature Follicle
★ Mapupunit ‘yung collicle kasi lalabas ang egg cell.
Fallopian Tube
★ Dito dadaan ‘yung ruptured follicle.
Corpus Luteum
★ It will release progesterone.
★ Siya may dahilan kapag want natin mag-engage sa sexual activity.
★ Nagiging sensitive.
Progesterone
★ Nagsi-signal sa body natin na we are fertile.
★ You will crave for sexual activity.
Corpus Albicans
★ Kapag na-decay na ang egg cell.
Ovaries
★ Salitan ang labasan nila every month; right this month, next month ay left
naman.
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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS
Egg Cell
★ Females release one egg cell every month.
★ 2 egg cells- fraternal or identical twins.
★ 2 egg cells pero magkadikit- identical twins; monozygotic egg cells; one
sperm cell lang ang kailangan.
★ 2 egg cells na magkahiwalay- 2 sperm cells ang need; 2 genes at gender
ang binibigay. Fraternal Twins– sabay ipapanganak pero magkaiba ng
gender at itsura; pwede rin na same gender
★ Gender- naka-depende sa sperm cells ang gender.
★ X chromosomes or female chromosomes ang binibigay ng egg cell.
★ Depende sa lalaki kung x or y ang ibibigay niya.
★ xx- female; xy- male
3 Stages of Pregnancies:
1. Zygotic Stage
2. Embryonic Stage
3. Fetal Stage
Masturbation
★ Importante ang stimulation sa sexual activity.
★ Pagsasalsal is the tagalog term.
★ Pagjajakol- galing sa word na “ejaculation”.
Ejaculation
★ “nagjakol”.
❖ Testis/Testes
➢ It is the source of spermatozoa which makes it the most important part
of male reproductive system.
➢ Itlog/bayag.
➢ Kapag naapektuhan/nasipa, may chance na hindi na
makapag-produce.
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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS
❖ Scrotum
➢ A sac of skin where the two testes are enveloped.
❖ Prostate Glands
➢ A gland that carries seminal fluid and urine, connected by sperm ducts
from sperm ducts joining into a single tube called urethra.
➢ Seminal Fluid– tamod or sperm cells.
➢ Vasectomy– pinuputol ang vas deferens na connected sa testes;
hindi na sila makakabuntis.
❖ Urethra
➢ It then leads the seminal fluid and urine to the outside of the body
through penis.
➢ Mas mahaba sa lalaki kaya mahaba ang process.
❖ Penis
➢ It is where the ejaculation occurs by sending sperm cells from testes
and secreting them out.
❖ Prepuce
➢ An erogenous tissue which is very sensitive and induces arousal which
functions the same as the clitoris in females.
➢ Sa may bandang ulo ng penis.
❖ Sperm Cell
➢ A male gamete which is necessary for the egg to be fertilized and
become a zygote (approximately 300M sperm cells are secreted per
ejaculation).
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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS
❖ Ovary
➢ A pair of small, oval organs which produces ova (ovum; female
gametes or germ cells; egg cells).
❖ Fallopian Tube
➢ A pair of thin tubes that leads ova from ovaries to uterus where
fertilization takes place.
❖ Fimbria
➢ A fingerlike projection at the end of the fallopian tube near the ovary
that sweeps the ova into the fallopian tube.
❖ Uterus
➢ Or womb in layman’s terms.
➢ It is a hollow pear-shaped elastic muscular structure where the zygote
will develop into a fetus for months.
❖ Endometrium
➢ Innermost lining in the uterus where the zygote will be implanted after
fertilization.
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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS
❖ Cervix
➢ It allows flow of menstrual blood from the uterus into the vagina, and
directs the sperms into the uterus during intercourse.
❖ Vagina
➢ A tube leading to outside of the body through an opening called
vulva.
❖ Labia Majora
➢ These are relatively large, fleshy folds of tissue that enclose and
protect the other external genital organs.
➢ Malaking lip ng vagina.
❖ Labia Minora
➢ It can be very small or up to 2 inches wide and lies just inside the labia
majora and surrounds the opening to the vagina and urethra.
➢ Nasa taas nito ‘yung clitoris.
❖ Bartholin’s Gland
➢ Secrete a thick fluid that supplies lubrication for intercourse.
➢ Important sa foreplay or arousal phase.
❖ Cllitoris
➢ Very sensitive to sexual stimulation and can become erect.
➢ Stimulating the clitoris can result in an orgasm.
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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS
❖ Erogenous Zone
➢ These are parts of the body that are particularly sensitive to touch,
pressure, and vibration which contributes to sexual arousal and brings
sexual satisfaction.
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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS
3. Neck
4. Breasts: nipples
5. Ears
1. Arousal Phase
★ There is a subjective sense of sexual pleasure.
★ Penis of males erect (tumescence) while vagina of females begin to
lubricate (vasocongestion).
★ Important stage.
★ No arousal, no vasocongestion.
★ No arousal, it will be very very painful sa female.
★ No arousal, no satisfaction.
2. Plateau Phase
★ A brief period of time before the orgasm as the body prepares for
orgasm.
★ May penetration na sa loob ng penis at vagina.
3. Orgasm Phase
★ Refers to the climax in layman’s terman.
★ An intense and pleasurable experience, male ejaculates the seminal
fluid while both male and female heart rate reach the maximum.
★ Hindi lahat ng babae ay may kakayahan na mag “squirting”.
4. Resolution
★ The last phase where arousal decreases and muscles start to relax,
breathing, blood pressure, and heart rate go back to normal.
Refractory Period
★ Time period in males just after orgasm in which the male cannot become
aroused or achieve erection.
★ Hindi agad titigas or something and there are times na wala neto.
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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS
SEXUAL ORIENTATIONS
★ Transcends in different forms.
★ Influenced by different expectations, attitudes, beliefs, and state of medical
and biological knowledge.
★ We have 46 sexual orientations.
1. Heterosexuality
★ A sexual attraction and behavior directed to opposite sex.
★ Straight males/females.
2. Homosexuality
★ A sexual attraction between members of same sex.
3. Bisexuality
★ Sexual attraction to either same sex or opposite sex.
4. Transgender
★ People whose gender identity differs from the sex they have at birth.
★ They change their physical appearance.
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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS
Types of Transgender:
a. Transition
★ A process of changing a birth-assigned sex to the opposite through
sex reassignment therapy including hormone replacement
therapy and gender reassignment surgery.
Hormone Replacement
★ Androgens and testosterone- kapag gusto maging lalaki.
★ Estrogen- ito ‘yung ita-take na supplements kapag gusto maging babae.
b. Transexual
★ A person who undergone gender reassignment surgery.
c. Transvestites
★ A person who dresses in style associated with the opposite sex.
★ Cross-dressing according to their opposite sex.
CONTRACEPTION
Importance of Contraception:
1. To control the inflation of the population in PH.
2. To lessen the threat of having sexually transmitted diseases such as
gonorrhea and syphilis.
3. To lessen the threat of Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
Natural Contraception
★ These are types of birth control that depend on observations on a woman's
body through monitoring and recording different fertility signals during her
menstrual cycle.
★ Walang ibang gagawin sa babae.
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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS
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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS
Artificial Contraception
★ It is a diverse method of contraception used to prevent conception of a
woman.
★ Using artificial methods depend on age, health status, sexual activity and/or
number of partners.
★ Nagkakaroon ng alteration sa katawan ng tao.
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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS
METHOD DESCRIPTION
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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS
Female Condom
★ Also a synthetic rubber placed
against the vaginal opening to
prevent the sperm from entering
the vagina.
Tubal Ligation
★ A procedure done to females
through cutting, cauterizing, or
blocking the fallopian tube to
inhibit the passage of both
sperm and egg cells.
★ Not recommended for 25 y/o
below.
★ Wala na siyang bawian once na
naputol.
★ Banded– temporary ligation
para hindi lang maka-daan ‘yung
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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS
sperm cells.
MATERIAL SELF
★ Mga bagay na binibigyan ng investment.
★ ‘Wag masyadong mag-rely or bigyan ng attention.
★ A short portion of our identity as a whole.
❖ William James
★ Father of American Psychology.
★ According to him, material self is also known as the economical self
in relation to the amount of money, time, or effort we spent to build
our material self.
★ Our material self does not only consists of one’s own body but also
includes the things that we possess such as:
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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS
Spiritual Self
★ The innermost workings of the person’s mind, behavior, beliefs, and morals
that involves every aspect of the human as a person.
★ Hindi ibang tao ang magdidikta ng spiritual self mo.
★ Tayo dapat ang nagdi-discover at bumubuo.
Person’s Will
★ Refers to one’s wishes.
★ The things we want to see and achieve.
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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS
Morals
★ A definition of what’s right or wrong.
★ Things that are acceptable to a person and society.
★ Determining the effects of one’s action to himself and other people.
★ Aware sa right or wrong.
★ It works in a collective manner.
Values
★ A person’s ability to distinguish what’s important or not.
★ Ability to prioritize things that should be done immediately and those that
can be delayed.
Practice of Religion
Religion
★ Refers to beliefs and behaviors related to supernatural beings and powers.
★ Isang organization– Catholics, Christians, etc.
★ Ano ‘yung practices nila?
★ May kanya kanyang paniniwala.
Worldview
★ It is broader than religion which refers to the collective body of ideas that
members of a culture generally share.
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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS
Spirituality
★ A concern with the sacred in an individual manner.
★ You can still have your sense of spirituality kahit wala kang religion.
Religion Spirituality
Myth
★ A sacred narrative that explains the fundamentals of human existence.
★ Where we and everything in our world came from, why we are here and
where we are going.
★ These are stories intended to provide explanations for the things that people
don’t understand.
★ Example: Greek mythology, legends, etc.
Rituals
★ A culturally prescribed symbolic art or procedure designed to guide members
of a community in an orderly way through personal and collective transitions.
★ Has two types, the calendric which is performed occasionally (e.g. every
year) and crisis which is performed in time of crisis (e.g. when there’s a
plague).
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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS
★ Example:
○ When a person is dealing with an illness, evil possession, or loss of
soul.
○ Festivals.
Supernatural
★ It is around you all the time, especially in non-industrialized societies.
★ In a lot of cultures, health, wealth, and daily things are related to the
supernatural.
★ Examples: magic, miracles, precognition, demonic possession, souls, spirits
or ghosts, monsters, grim reaper, angels.
Functions of Religion
1. Cognitive Function
★ Enabling humans to explain the unexplainable phenomena.
2. Emotional Function
★ Helping individuals to cope up with anxieties that often accompany
illness, accidents, death and other misfortunes.
3. Social Function
★ Social control, conflict resolution, and building group solidarity.
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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS
DIGITAL SELF
ONLINE DISINHIBITION
❖ Digital Literacy
★ The capability possessed by oneself who are living, working, and
learning in a digital society.
★ Adopt yourself to the digital world.
❖ Online Disinhibition
★ The lack of restraint of oneself when communicating online.
★ An act of saying what you want today, doing what you want to do, and
expressing what you want to express without thinking or without
hesitations.
➢ Benign Disinhibition
○ Speaking about one’s emotions, fears, and wishes.
○ Showing kindness and helping other people.
○ Combating loneliness through online interactions.
○ Finding emotional support.
○ Positive.
○ To release positive and negative emotions online.
○ You release the negative things in yourself and it will improve your
mental health.
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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS
➢ Toxic Disinhibition
○ Using rude online language.
○ Having harsh criticism, anger, hatred, and threats to other people.
○ Cyberbullying, cyber harassment, and exploitation.
○ Humiliating other people.
○ Spreading rumors and making fun of other people.
○ Negative type.
Digital Self
★ The persona you use when you’re online.
★ One or more online identities that are distinct from their “real world”
selves.
★ Others have a single online self that’s more or less the same as the one
they inhibit in the real world.
★ It is also considered as an extension of your self which is referred to as your
extended self.
★ The way you portray in the digital world.
★ May iba ibang online identities depende sa social media platform na gamit
nila.
★ May iba na kung ano sila sa real word, ganun pa rin sila.
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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS
Extended Self
★ It refers to certain possessions and certain other people are seen to be a part
of us.
★ They extend our identity beyond our mind and body alone.
★ When they are damaged, die, or are lost, we feel their loss as an injury to the
self.
★ Examples: clothes, accent, grooming, and jewelry express the person which
belongs to the group.
Self-presentation
★ It refers to how people attempt to present themselves in the manner they
want to.
★ You can choose to present yourself differently across different platforms.
★ These social media platforms can be..
1. Self-promotion
➢ We use social media to promote ourselves.
2. Ingratiation
➢ To influence other people to like them.
➢ You like what they like, watch what they watch, follow what they
follow.
3. Exemplification
➢ Supporting your point of view.
➢ Nagiging bias ka.
4. Intimidation
➢ They present themselves in a way that they intimidate other people.
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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS
5. Supplication
➢ They use social media to ask for something or beg for something in a
good way.
2 Types of Self-Presentation:
b. Self-Construction
★ Trying to match oneself to his ideal self.
○ More on improving yourself.
○ Character and self-development.
E. Tory Higgins
★ Psychology Professor at Columbia University.
★ He is the proponent of Self Discrepancy Theory.
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UNDERSTANDING SELF MIDTERMS
Actual Self
★ Attributes an individual ACTUALLY possess.
Ideal Self
★ Attributes an individual WANTS to possess such as wishes, hopes, and
aspirations which motivates an individual to change and improve.
★ Ano ‘yung gusto natin maging…?
Ought Self
★ Attributes that an individual SHOULD possess such as your duties,
obligations, and responsibilities.
★ Mga attributes na dapat meron tayo.
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