SQUASH AND
FOLLOW THROUGH AND
STRETCH
This principle adds flexibility and vitality to
objects. It involves distorting an object's shape
to convey movement or weight. For example,
when a ball bounces, it stretches as it moves
downward and squashes when it hits the
ground.
ANTICIPATION
This principle involves preparing the audience
for an action. For example, a character might
pull back before they leap, indicating to the
audience that they are about to jump.
STAGING
Staging is about presenting an idea or action
clearly to the audience. It involves arranging
elements within a scene to direct the viewer's
attention to the most important aspects.
STRAIGHT AHEAD ACTION
AND POSE TO POSE
These are two different approaches to creating
animation. Straight ahead action involves
drawing each frame in sequence, creating a
fluid motion. Pose to pose involves creating key
poses at important points in the action and then
filling in the intervening frames.
SLOW IN AND SLOW
OVERLAPPING ACTION
This principle deals with how different parts
of an object move at different rates. For
example, when a character stops suddenly,
their clothing might continue to move for a
moment before coming to a rest
12 PRINCIPLES OF ANIMATION
ARCS
Most movements follow a curved path
rather than a straight line. This principle
involves animating objects along curved
paths to make their movements look
more natural
TIMING
OUT
Most actions in the real world don't start
and stop abruptly. Instead, they accelerate
and decelerate gradually. This principle
involves gradually increasing or decreasing
the speed of an action to make it look
more natural
SECONDARY ACTION
Secondary actions add depth and
realism to animation. They are smaller
actions that support the main action and
help to convey the character's emotions
or personality.
Timing is crucial in animation. It involves
determining the number of frames to use for
each action to create the desired effect. For
example, a quick action might require fewer
frames than a slow one.
EXAGGERATION
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SOLID DRAWING
Solid drawing involves giving characters
and objects a sense of volume and
weight. It requires an understanding of
anatomy, perspective, and form
APPEAL
appeal refers to making characters and
animation visually interesting and appealing to
the audience. This involves creating characters
with unique designs and personalities, as well as
using appealing colors and compositions in the
animation.