FUNCTIONS: WS1 1

What is a function?
1. Connects one set to another set.

2. A function is a relation between a set of inputs having one output each.

f(x) = 5x + 20 f(5)=45
f(x) = x + 80 f(5)=85
f(x) = -10x + 60 f(5)=10
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3. Function is an expression.

Textbook (Pg. 52): Finding Values of a Function on a Calculator

● Steps to use a calculator:

1. Load the equation with the independent variable only (Press ALPHA to
load X, then put power/square root/divide)
2. Press CALC
3. Input the value of 𝑥 to find/check calculations or to find domain and range
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Textbook (Pg. 50-51): Finding Values of a Function

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When is it NOT a function?

● 1 input = Many outputs ≠ Function
● 1 input = 1 output = Function

What is a relation?
A relation shows the relationship between input and output.

A relation is a subset of a Cartesian product. Thus, a relation is a rule that “relates” an

element from one set to another.

Is relation and function the same?

● A function is a special type of relation which derives one OUTPUT for each
given INPUT.
● A relation can have many OUTPUTS for each INPUT.
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Textbook (Pg. 48-49): Determining Whether a Relation Represents a Function

Domain, Codomain and Range:

Domain Codomain Range/Image

Input Output Set of all outputs/codomains

All possible values of x or Each value of y or f(x) All possible values of y or f(x)
independent variables. or dependent or dependent variables.
variables.

E.g. E.g. E.g.

{Bangladesh, India, U.S.A} {(Bangladesh, Taka), {Taka, Rupees, Dollars}
(India, Rupees),
(U.S.A, Dollars)}

NOTE*: Only functions have domain and range.

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How to find the Domain or Range of a function?

Normal Function Fraction Sqrt Fraction & Sqrt

𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑚𝑥 + 𝑐 1 𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥+𝑎
𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 + 𝑎 𝑓(𝑥) =
𝑥+𝑏

Plug values of 𝑥 For Domain,

For Domain, For Domain,
unless it will be 𝐼𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡 ≥ 0
𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 ≠ 0 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 > 0
undefined ⇒𝑥 + 𝑎 ≥ 0
⇒𝑥 + 𝑎 ≠ 0 ⇒𝑥 + 𝑏 > 0
⇒𝑥 ≠ 𝑎 ⇒𝑥 ≥ 𝑎
⇒𝑥 > 𝑏
For Range, For Range,
For Range,
𝐿𝑒𝑡, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦 𝐿𝑒𝑡, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦
𝐿𝑒𝑡, 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑦
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑛, 𝑚𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑥 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡 𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑛, 𝑚𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑥 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡
𝑇ℎ𝑒𝑛, 𝑚𝑎𝑘𝑒 𝑥 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑢𝑏𝑗𝑒𝑐𝑡
𝑁𝑜𝑤, 𝑁𝑜𝑤,
𝑁𝑜𝑤,
𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 ≠ 0 or 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 ≠ 0 or
𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 ≠ 0 or
𝐼𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡 ≥ 0 or 𝐼𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡 ≥ 0 or
𝐼𝑛𝑠𝑖𝑑𝑒 𝑟𝑜𝑜𝑡 ≥ 0 or
𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 > 0 𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 > 0
𝐷𝑒𝑛𝑜𝑚𝑖𝑛𝑎𝑡𝑜𝑟 > 0

E.g. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 + 1 E.g. 𝑓(𝑥) =

1
E.g. 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑥 − 2 E.g. 𝑓(𝑥) =
1
𝑥+2 𝑥−3

For Domain, For Domain,

For Domain,
⇒𝑥 + 2 = 0 ⇒𝑥 − 2 ≥ 0
⇒𝑥 − 3 > 0
⇒ 𝑥 =− 2 ⇒𝑥 ≥ 2
⇒𝑥 > 3
Domain: Domain:
Domain: Domain:
1. {𝑥: 𝑥 ≠− 2} 1. {𝑥: 𝑥 ≥ 2}
1. {𝑥: 𝑥 ϵ 𝑅} 1. {𝑥: 𝑥 > 3}
2. (− ∞, − 2)U(− 2, ∞) 2. [2, ∞)
2. (− ∞, ∞) 2. (3, ∞)
3. All real numbers 3. All real numbers
3. All real 3. All real numbers
except 𝑥 ≠− 2 except 𝑥 ≥ 2
numbers except 𝑥 > 3
Range: For Range,
1. {𝑥: 𝑥 ϵ 𝑅} For Range, For Range,
1
𝐿𝑒𝑡, 𝑦 = 𝑥+2 𝐿𝑒𝑡, 𝑦 = 𝑥 − 2 1
2. (− ∞, ∞) 2
𝐿𝑒𝑡, 𝑦 =
2 𝑥−3
3. All real ⇒ 𝑦(𝑥 + 2) = 1 ⇒ 𝑦 = ( 𝑥 − 2) 2
2 1
numbers ⇒ 𝑥𝑦 + 2𝑦 = 1 2
⇒𝑦 = 𝑥 − 2
⇒𝑦 =( )
𝑥−3
⇒ 𝑥𝑦 = 1 − 2𝑦 2 2 1
1−2𝑦 ⇒𝑥 =𝑦 + 2 ⇒𝑦 = 𝑥−3
⇒𝑥 = 𝑦 2
2 2
𝑁𝑜𝑤, 𝑦 + 2 = 0 ⇒ 𝑥𝑦 − 3𝑦 = 1
𝑁𝑜𝑤, 𝑦 ≠ 0 Range: 2
1+3𝑦 2
Range: 1. {𝑦: 𝑦 ≥ 0} ⇒𝑥 = 2 𝑁𝑜𝑤, 𝑦 ≠ 0
𝑦
1. {𝑦: 𝑦 ≠ 0} 2. [0, ∞) Range:
2. (− ∞, 0)U(0, ∞) 3. All real numbers 1. {𝑦: 𝑦 ≠ 0}
3. All real numbers except 𝑦 ≥ 0 2. (− ∞, 0)U(0, ∞)
except 𝑦 ≠ 0
3. All real numbers
except 𝑦 ≠ 0