MT127 – Linear Algebra I

Lecture 2 – 2016/2017

Idrissa S. A.

Department of Mathematics - UDSM

October 30, 2016

Matrix Operations
Matrix addition
If A = [aij ] and B = [bij ] are m × n matrices, then the sum of A and B is
the m × n matrix C = [cij ], defined by

cij = aij + bij (1 ≤ i ≤ m, 1 ≤ j ≤ n)

Scalar multiplication
If A = [aij ] ia an m × n matrix and r is a real number, then the scalar
multiple of A by r , rA, is the m × n matrix B = [bij ], where

bij = raij (1 ≤ i ≤ m, 1 ≤ j ≤ n)

Matrix subtraction
We can defind this using addition and scalar multiplication. If A and B
are m × n matrices, we write A + (−1)B as A − B and call this the
difference of A and B.
ISA MT127 – Linear Algebra I Lecture 2 – 2016/2017
Matrix Operations cont.

Example motivation
A manufacturer of a certain product makes three models, A, B and C.
Each model is partially made in factory F1 in Taiwan and then finished in
factory F2 in the United States. The total cost of each product consists
of the manufacturing cost and the shipping cost are given in dollars.

Man. cost Ship. Cost Man. cost Ship. Cost

32 40 40 60 Model A
50 80 50 50 Model B
70 20 130 20 Model C
| {z } | {z }
Factory F1 Factory F2

Write 3 × 2 matrices F1 and F2 which describe the costs at each factory.

What is the total manufacturing and shipping costs of a model C?

ISA MT127 – Linear Algebra I Lecture 2 – 2016/2017

Matrix Operations cont.

Linear combination
If A1 , A2 , A3 , . . . , Ak are m × n matrices and c1 , c2 , c3 , . . . , ck are real
numbers, then the expression of the form

c1 A1 + c2 A2 + c3 A3 + . . . + ck Ak

is called a linear combination of A1 , A2 , A3 , . . . , Ak , and

c1 , c2 , c3 , . . . , ck are called coefficients

Example
   
0 −3 5 5 2 3
If A = 2 3 4 , and B = 6
   2 3, then matrix
1 −2 3 −1 −2 3
1
C = 3A − 2 B is a linear combination of A and B

ISA MT127 – Linear Algebra I Lecture 2 – 2016/2017