6.0.

NETWORKS AND NETWORK SOLUTIONS

I. Kirchhoff’s Laws:

A. Kirchhoff’s Voltage Law (KVL):

- The sum of the emfs and IR drops around a loop in an electric circuit is zero.
( Loop – a loop is a closed path ).

For emf’s (E):

_ E AB = (+) E
(+ E ) - when crossing a source from (-) to (+). +
A E B

path

+ _ E AB = (-) E
(- E ) - when crossing a source from (+) to (-). E
A B

path

For IZ drops:
Z V AB = (+) IZ
A B
(+ IZ ) - when going against the current.
I
path

V AB = (-) IZ
(- IZ) - when going with the current. Z
A B
I
path

B. Kirchhoff’s Current Law (KCL):

- The sum of currents in a junction (intersection/node) of an electric circuit is zero.

I1
I4 I1 - I2 - I3 + I4 = 0
(+ I ) - when flowing towards the junction.
junction
I2
(- I ) - when flowing away the junction.
I3

NOTE: PROCEDURE IN NETWORK SOLUTIONS

1. Make a clear diagram of the network. Letter the diagram and mark on it every given quantity in the network. 2.
Indicate the assumed direction of the current in each element of the network. Then designate the currents in the different elements
by I1, I2, I3, etc. 3. The number
of unknowns may be found from item 2, and the same number of independent equations is necessary in order to determine
these unknowns. Write the equations in accordance with Kirchhoff’s First and Second Laws. Each equation must contain some
element which has been considered in any previous equation. Verify the sign of each quantity. 4. Solve the equation
algebraically for the unknowns and verify the solutions by substituting in the equations of a circuit not already utilized.
1. Solve for IL for the circuit shown by Kirchhoff’s Laws.

8   j 6
IL
15 /-10o V
j12  60 /50o V

2. Solve the load current by Kirchhoff’s Laws. (Solutions at separate sheet)

2Ω j5Ω -j2 Ω
a

4Ω
ZL 10/0o Ω
20/0 Vo

b
100/-45o V
 8 2 j 4
3. In the network shown, obtain the following by I1
V1
Kirchhoff’s Laws:(a) the loop equations in matrix form;
(b) current in each branch.
10 /0o V

j 4
2  j 4 12 /10o V

V3
6 V2
12 /15 V
o

15 /-30o V

4