OPENING PRAYER

Almighty God, You never left Your people Israel when

they were starving in the desert. You were the one who
kept them safe during the Passover by sending angels
to warn them about the incoming calamity. We are
sorry for all the sins we committed. Thank You for the
gift of life. Thank You for keeping us safe up until this
day. We pray for the healing of the world. Keep us safe
from harm. Amen.
We ask this in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ, Your
Son, who lives and reigns with You, in the unity of the
Holy Spirit, one God, forever and ever. Amen.
 Week 1—Doing Philosophy

Objectives:
• Understand that reason is the best faculty of man
• Consider the nuances in beliefs of one’s ideas to others
• To be critical of the information one consumes
PRIOR TO OUR COURSE EXPLORATION, YOU
ALREADY ENCOUNTERED PHILOSOPHY.
“This is the first time I encountered
philosophy.”
“I don’t know philosophy.”
Beginnings of Philosophy: WHERE?
Philosophy started in Greece, in the
fishing village of Miletus, located in
the modern city of Turkey. War is at
its absence which made the Greeks
save their precious time from forming
military strategies and defending
their beloved homeland against
external threats. Thus, giving them
plenty of time to do their leisure and
put them in a favorable social and
economic condition that give them
luxury of time to make science and
art flourish.
Beginnings of Philosophy: WHEN?

Philosophy started around 6 B.C.E., the

time traditionally acknowledged as the
birth of Western philosophy. The little
that we know about the first
philosophers were from Aristotle.
According to him, before the “actual’
philosophy began; the Greeks believe
that things happen because of the
gods/goddesses: it is either they are
pleased with offerings or they are
enraged because of sacrilege.
Beginnings of Philosophy: WHEN?

The philosophers made an

attempt to go against this
common belief, and REASON
OUT instead. Among these first
philosophers is a simple man
who is traditionally
acknowledged as father of
Western philosophy, Thales.
Beginnings of Philosophy: WHO?

Thales is the Father of Western

Philosophy. While everybody in
his hometown believed that
things occur based on
mythological explanations,
Thales thought of something
else: what is the underlying
substance of things?
Thales asked:
What is the underlying substance of
things? What is that “something” that
everything is made up of?

*A principle describes the main element

which the universe is made up of.
Can you name 3
things that has moist?

*For Thales, the first principle is water.

Classical Definition: WHAT?

“Cognitio rerum per altissimas causas sola

ratione luminis comparata”

*Kon-yit-siyo/ re-rum/ per/ al-tis-si-mas/ kaw-sas/ so-la/ rat-siyo-ne/ lu-mi-nis/ kom-pa-ra-ta

“The knowledge of things in their highest

causes in the light of reason alone”
*Etymology is a branch of linguistics concerned with analyzing a word in its component
parts by tracing its earliest recorded occurrence in the language where it is found.
Beginnings of Philosophy: WHAT?

What can we learn from friendship?

a. Friendship happens unexpectedly. We do not

intend to make friends; they just come.

b. It is too profound to determine when the

friendship of two people started.
 Beginnings of Philosophy: WHAT?

c. By caring and responding to the needs of somebody,

their connection strengthens and flourishes unnoticeably—
until it turns into friendship.

d. In friendship, there is an aspect which gives you joy and

feeling of satisfaction. That is why if you like their attitude
or you are enjoying their company, or having the same
interests and perspective in life, you choose to be with
them.
 Beginnings of Philosophy: WHAT?

Friendship can be similar to philosophizing—

you are loving wisdom. People who love wisdom
and are interested to attain it are called
philosophers.
 Beginnings of Philosophy: HOW?
We can compare philosophizing to:

Knowledge is knowing Wisdom is knowing not Philosophy is asking if

that tomato is a fruit to put tomato in a fruit ketchup is a tomato
salad shake
 Why study philosophy?
a. As a concept, philosophy is
a system of beliefs about reality.
It is one's integrated view of the
world. It includes an
understanding of the nature of
existence, man, and his role in
the world. It is a necessary
product of man’s rational mind.
 Riding a bicycle is not
about knowing its parts,
but it is in riding the
Why study philosophy? bicycle itself.
Just enjoy learning philosophy!

b. As a process, philosophy is
employed as a method of inquiry. It is
an engagement in the search for the
meaning of life, its value and
relevance. It is a process for finding
significance in existence.
CAN PHILOSOPHY
HELP IN TIMES OF
PANDEMIC?
 The present situation?
Philosophy may not give us the cure for
this virus, but it can help us to be safe
from this virus. Thus, the saying
“Prevention is better than cure” is indeed
philosophical in a wider sense.
When there is no vaccine available for us, one of the best
things that we can do is to be open-minded. A lover of
wisdom is one who possess an attitude of openness—
considering all possibilities and causes why things come
to be. By opening one’s mind, she broadens her
perspective and it enables her to use REASON—the
greatest faculty that she have—to its fullest extent.
As said in the previous pages, asking questions is natural
in man* (*this noun may refer to woman as well) since it is
part of his nature. The word nature is derived from the
Latin word natura, or “essential qualities”, and literally
means “birth”. Natura was a Latin translation of the
Greek word physis, which correlated plants, animals, and
other features of the world as developing of their own
accord.
 Rationality is our nature

As a rational being, the faculty of reason is part of his

nature since it is “essential” for him to possess reason as
somebody who is rational. Otherwise, if there is no
reason, he may not be called “rational”. Therefore, he is
rational and reason is part of his nature.
 The Blind Men
The blind men and the Elephant is an ancient
parable that warns us about settling our view of
the world in our own limited perspectives. Our
sensory perception and life experiences lead to
overreaching misinterpretations. How can a
person with a limited touch of truth turn that
into the one and only version of all reality?
Performance Task #1
Personal Philosophical Profile

Directions: Make a video (minimum of 2 minutes) that shows your philosophical perspective. This may include
(but not limited to) the following:
NOTES:
• Introducing yourself • Rubrics for grading will be presented by
1. Complete name the subject teacher during discussion
2. “20 facts about me” • Kindly name your file using the format:
B/G#.surname.givenname.IPHPpeta1.mp4
• Philosophical viewpoint: – B9.magloyuan.j-r.IPHPpeta1.mp4
1. Motto in life • Kindly submit your performance task on
2. Life principles you believe important in living the agreed platform and date.
3. Things you now known that you wish you learned long time ago

• Pursued endeavor/s
1. Goal/s in life
2. Desired career/s
3. Topic/s you are interested to talk about/deepen knowledge into
 Categories Exemplary 10 - 9
The student seeks to understand concepts by
examining openly his/her own experiences in
the past as he/she relates to the topic, and is
able to illustrate points he/she are making.
Demonstrates an open, non-defensive ability
Self-Disclosure to self-appraise, discussing both growth and
frustrations as he/she related to learning in
class. Risks asking probing questions about
self and seeks to answer these.
Intermediate 8 - 6
The student seeks to understand concepts by
examining somewhat cautiously his/her own
experiences in the past as he/she relates to
the topic. Sometimes defensive or one-sided
in his/her analysis. Asks some probing
questions about self, but do not engage in
seeking to answer these.
Developing 5 - 4
The student has little self-disclosure,
minimal risk in connecting concepts from
class to personal experiences. Self-disclosure
tends to be superficial and factual, without
self-reflection.

Connection to outside experiences
Connection to readings (assigned and ones
you may have sought on your own)
Connection to class discussions & course
objectives
The student is able to exhibit in-depth Goes into some detail explaining some Identify some general ideas or issues from
synthesis of thoughtfully selected aspects of specific ideas or issues from outside outside experiences related to the topic
readings related to the topic. Makes clear experiences related to the topic. Makes
connections between what is learned from general connections between what is
readings and the topic. learned from outside experiences and the
topic.
Demonstrate further analysis and insight Goes into more detail explaining some Identify some general ideas or issues from
resulting from what you have learned from specific ideas or issues from readings related readings related to the topic. Ideology/ies
reading, Includes reference to at least two to the topic. Makes general connections are only those mentioned in class.
ideologies other than those mentioned in between what is learned from readings and
class. the topic. Includes reference to at least one
ideology/ies other than those mentioned in
class.
Synthesize, analyze and evaluate Synthesize clearly some directly appropriate Restate some general ideas or issues from
thoughtfully selected aspects of ideas or ideas or issues from the class discussion as the class discussion as they relate to this
issues from the class discussion as they they relate to this topic. topic.
relate to this topic.
CLOSING PRAYER

Heavenly Father, thank you for giving us our Catholic faith and
Your love which never ends. May I grow in Your love as I nourish
my life of faith. Help me to see You in the light of faith in my daily
experiences. Grant this through Christ our Lord. Amen.
In the name of the Father, and of the Son, and of the Holy Spirit,
Amen.
 References:
• Sioco and Vinzons, Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person,
pp. 1-5, 8-15, 18-22,Quezon City: Vibal Group Inc., 2016
• Jove Jim Aguas, Philosophy: Toward an Understanding and Appreciation of
the Human Person, pp. 1-10, Quezon City: Abiva Publishing House Inc.,
2017
• Yarza, Ignatius, History of Ancient Philosophy, pp.11-12
• Pambungad sa Pilosopiya ng Tao (DepEd Teachers’ Guide), 2016 Edition
• Kelly, Melissa, Teaching Students With Existential Intelligence,
https://www.thoughtco.com/existential-intelligence-profile-8097
• All about Philosophy, https://www.allaboutphilosophy.org/blind-men-and-
the-elephant.htm