KNOWLEDGE

AND TRUTH
Introduction to the Philosophy of the Human Person
 Opening Prayer
Caring Father, I praise you for all the wonders you made, especially this
day. Sorry for the times we
ignore you and commit ourselves to malicious things. Thank you for
sending us Your Beloved Son
Jesus Christ and paying the price of deceiving others. I humbly implore you
to take care of me, my
whole family, and all the people who are being affected with this
pandemic. Together with all the faithful,
we humbly ask you to heal us. Heal our land, Lord, we implore You.
Gathering all my personal
intentions, I ask this in the name of our Lord Jesus Christ who lives and
reigns with You and the Holy
Spirit, one God forever and ever. Amen.
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
In this lesson, you will be able to:

Identify the correspondence theory of truth

Realize what is one’s own method to arrive at truth.

Discern well into situations by looking at a holistic perspective.

01. 02.
INTRODUCTION ANALYSIS
What is truth? What are the theories of
truth?

03. 04.
PRESENTATION CONCLUSION
How to classify truth from Why knowing the truth is
falsity? important?
INTRODUCTION
What is truth?
 For you, what is truth?

Kindly type your

answer on the
chat box.
 How do we know the truth?

There are several

theories of truth, but
today, we will discuss
three of them.
 THE THEORIES OF TRUTH

CORRESPONDENCE COHERENCE PRAGMATIC

THEORY THEORY THEORY
 WHAT IS CORRESPONDENCE THEORY?

• This theory has to do with the correspondence of knowledge

claim being made with the present state affairs in the world.

• For a knowledge to be true, it must agree with the current

situation; the concepts presented in the knowledge claim
should resemble and match with the present condition of
reality; otherwise, if these conditions are not met, then it is
false.
 CORRESPONDENCE THEORY OF TRUTH

For example:

“It is raining outside.” “The dog is in the

doghouse.”
“It is raining outside.”

TRUE FALSE
 “The dog is in the doghouse.”

TRUE FALSE
“There is a coin under the cabinet.”

TRUE FALSE
 KNOWLEDGE IS NOT A PRE-REQUISITE FOR EXISTENCE.

• The existence of a thing does not depend on our acquired

knowledge of them. For example, the statement, ‘there is a
coin under the cabinet’ does not guarantee that there is
really a coin under the cabinet, it cannot give us the same
guarantee that there is none neither. In other words,
whether or not we claim that there is a coin under the
cabinet, the existence or non-existence of the coin remains
unaffected.
 WHAT IS A PRE-REQUISITE?

• A pre-requisite a thing that is required as a

prior condition for something else to
happen or exist.
 ???

Do you think before

the discovery of Mt.
Everest, THERE IS a
Mt. Everest?
 ???

Do aliens exists?
Do unicorns exist?
Crush ka ba ng crush
mo?
 EXERCISE #1
From the given picture, look for 10 knowledge claims (5 true and 5
false)that can be classified under the correspondence theory from the
picture. Then write them down on the space provided.

TRUE FALSE

1. ______________________________. 1. ______________________________.
2. ______________________________. 2. ______________________________.

3. ______________________________. 3. ______________________________.

4. ______________________________. 4. ______________________________.

5. ______________________________. 5. ______________________________.
 WHAT IS COHERENCE THEORY?

• Coherence deals with the consistency of the truth of

statements being claimed within the system that is being
employed.
• However, knowledge claim can be considered unacceptable
or false if it could be shown that there are mathematical,
logical, or even definitional inconsistencies present within
it.
• Thus, the truth or falsity of a knowledge claim rests on the
mechanics of the discipline that is being used.
 WHAT IS COHERENCE THEORY?

• Coherence means the quality of being logical and

consistent. Synonymous to this word are the words
consistency, clarity, and soundness. This theory involves
well-formed formulas adopted in the fields of formal
sciences where definitions are considered as tautologies.

• Tautologies are the saying of the same thing twice in

another word; in the most basic manner, a tautology can be
considered a synonym.
 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
In this lesson, you will be able to:

The tautology of a kitten is a young cat.

The tautology of a puppy is a young dog.

The tautology of a tautology is a synonym.

 WHAT IS PRAGMATIC THEORY?

• Pragmatism, or the pragmatic theory of truth, is a

philosophical viewpoint associated with an American
philosopher and doctor of medicine William James.

• it is not his concern to look for inconsistencies and logical

flaws present in the knowledge claim, nor finding fault at
them by observing what is wrong that the concept and the
present state of affairs did not match at all.
 WHAT IS PRAGMATIC THEORY?

• He strongly understood both the process of validation and

verification as tantamount to the good or practical
consequences that their belief in the idea would bring.
• According to him, “The true is, to put it briefly, is only the
expedient in the way of our behaving.” Synonymous to the
term expedient are the terms convenient, practical,
beneficial and advantageous.
WHY IS IT IMPORTANT
TO KNOW THE
TRUTH?
 HOLISTIC PERSPECTIVE: SEEING THE WHOLE PICTURE

• In the world where we live, many of us are

vulnerable to lies and deceit. Truth is
fabricated and altered by those who are full
of themselves; so uncharitable that they
forget to be sensitive to others who are
weak and uneducated.
 HOLISTIC PERSPECTIVE: SEEING THE WHOLE PICTURE

• The meek have no power and no options!

The strong will crush them in every way!

• -Giyuu Tomioka
 100 Days to Heaven, (ABS-CBN)

Madam Anna Manalastas

Be considerate of others because we never know their struggles in life

Discern
Discern well
well and
andlook
look for
for the
the whole
whole picture.
picture

Being able to see in a holistic manner makes you a better person

 LEARNING OBJECTIVES
In this lesson, you will be able to:

Identify the correspondence theory of truth

Realize what is one’s own method to arrive at truth.

Discern well into situations by looking at a holistic perspective.

 Closing Prayer
Loving Father, We bless You in the highest. You are the Truth
that sets us free. Sorry for the times
that we become agents of deceit and lies to others for our
own interests. Thank you for saving us from
the hands of the father of lies. May we live in Truth and may
we be agents of Truth. Together with the
other faithful, we implore your redeeming grace to free our
land from COVID-19. Release us from the
grips of this disease that causes suffering to our brothers and
sisters. Gathering all my personal
intentions, grant this through Christ our Lord Jesus Christ
who lives and reigns with You and the Holy
Spirit, one God forever and ever.. Amen.