7.

3 Balanced Wye (Y) – Connected Source with Balanced Delta (∆) – Connected Load
- Recall Section 7.1 and Section 7.2, considering source side and load side.

a Iaa’
Delta (∆) System:
Wye (Y) System:
Inb a’
Voltage:
Voltage: Ia’b’ Ic’a’ VL  V
Ina Ibb’
VL  3  V n ZL
ZL Current: By Ohm’s Law
Current: ZL
Inc c’ V IL
I  I L Icc’ b’ Ib’c’
I  
ZL 3
c

Figure 7.3.1 Balanced wye (Y) – connected source with balanced delta (∆) – connected load.

Source Side: Load Side:

Voltages: Voltages:
Phase Voltages (VФ): Phase Voltages (VФ): = Line Voltages (VL):
Van  Vbn  Vcn  V Va 'b '  Vb 'c '  Vc 'a '  V
Line Voltages (VL): = Vab  Vbc  Vca  VL
Vab  Vbc  Vca  VL

Illustrative Problem 7.5:

In the circuit shown, the magnitude A B A’
of the voltages VL = 240 Volts and ZL=18.03/-56.310 Ω ZL=18.03/-56.310 Ω
the load impedance ZL = 18.03/-
56.310.Ω. If VAB is taken as reference
and the phase sequence is ABC. C’
B’ ZL=18.03/-56.310 Ω
Determine (a) line currents; (b)
C
power; (c) draw phasor diagram; (d)
phase currents from the supply mains.
Solution:
Given Data:
Load Side:

VL  V  VA' B '  VB 'C '  VC ' A'

 240 Volts IAA’
Z L  18.03 /  56.31  10  j 15 
0
A B A’
IBA
IA’B’ IC’A’
Load is capacitive, so p.f is Leading: INA IBB’
ZL Z
N
ϴ = 56.310 ZL
L

= Power Factor angle INC C’

= Angle between phase voltage and ICC’ B’
IB’C’
phase current C
Cos ϴ = Power Factor Balanced wye (Y) – connected source with balanced
= 0.555 Leading delta (∆) – connected load.
Sin ϴ = Reactive Factor = 0.832
 Phasor diagram - ABC sequence (From Figure 7.2.2a), showing voltages with VAB taken as reference
VCA = VC’A’

1200
(Reference)
VAB = VA’B’

1200
Line Voltages (VL) =Phase Voltage (VФ): From Phasor Diagram
V AB  V A'B '  240 / 0 V
0

V BC  V B 'C '  240 /  120 V

0

VBC = VB’C’
VCA  VC ' A''  240 / 120 V
0

Required:
(a) line currents: (Considering Load Side)
By Ohm’s Law
Phase currents:
o
V A' B ' 240 / 0
I A' B '    13.31 / 56.31 A
o

18.03 /  56.31
o
ZL
240 /  120
o
VB 'C '
I B 'C '    13.31 /  63.69 A
o

18.03 /  56.31
o
ZL
o
VC ' A ' 240 / 120
I C ' A'    13.31 / 176 .31 A
o

18.03 /  56.31
o
ZL
Note: The three phase currents are equal in magnitude and exactly out-of phase by 1200.

By KCL:
Line currents:
I AA'  I A'B '  I C ' A'  13.31 / 56.31  13.31 / 176 .31  23.05 / 26.31 A
o o o

I BB'  I B 'C '  I A'B '  13.31 /  63.69  13.31 / 56.31  23.05 /  93.69 A
o o o

I CC '  I C ' A'  I B 'C '  13.31 / 176 .31  13.31 /  63.69  23.05 / 146 .31 A
o o o

IL  3  I  3  13.31  23.05 A

Note: The three line currents are equal in magnitude and exactly out-of phase by 1200.
Magnitude of each line current is equal to square-root of 3 times the magnitude of
phase-current.
(b) power
Power per Phase:
True Power per phase : 2
P  I  R  V  I  Cos   Watts
P  13.31  10   240 13.310.555 
2

 1,772 Watts
Reactive Power per phase : 2
Q  I   X   V  I   Sin   VARs
 Q  13.31  15   240 13.310.832 
2

 2,658 VARs (Capacitive)

Apparent Power per phase : S  V  I  /    VA
S  240 13.31 / 56.31
0

 3,195 /  36.87 VA
0

Total Power (for the three phases):

Total Apparent Power : S  3  V  I  /    3  VL  I L /    S /    VA
S  3 240   13.31 / 56.31  3  240 23.05 / 56.31
0 0

 9,583 / 56.31 VA
0

Total True Power  R  3  13.31 10   5,318 Watts

2
: P  3  I
2

or
 3  V  I   Cos   3  V L  I L  Cos 
 3  240 13.310.555   3  240 23.050.555 
 5,318 Watts
or
 S  Cos   9,583  0.80   5,318 Watts
Total Reactive Power  X   3  13.31 15  7,973 VARs Capacitive
2
: Q  3  I
2

or
 3  V  I   Sin   3  V L  I L  Sin 
 3  240 13.310.832   3  240 13.310.832 
 7,973 VARs Capacitive
or
 S  Sin   9,583  0.832   7,973 VARs Capacitive

(c) Phasor Diagram:

Phasor diagram - ABC sequence (From Figure 7.2.2a) with phase and line currents indicated as
shown.
VCA = VC’A’
I CC '  I C ' A'  I B 'C '
IA’B’ I AA'  I A'B '  I C ' A'

ϴ = 56.310 ϴ = 56.310
0
300
IC’A’’ 30 (Reference)
VAB = VA’B’

300

ϴ = 56.310
ϴ = 56.310
IB’C’ = Power Factor angle
= Angle between phase voltage and phase current

VBC = VB’C’ Note: Phase current leads phase voltage by an angle ϴ =

56.310
I BB'  I B 'C '  I A'B '
(d) phase currents from the supply mains.
Phasor diagram - ABC sequence (From Figure 7.2.2a) shown below with line currents equals phase
currents from supply mains, since the source is wye (Y) connected.

I NC  I CC '
I NA  I AA'

300 ϴ = 56.310
300 (Reference)
VAB = VA’B’

300

I NB  I BB'

Hence, phase currents from the supply maims are:

I NA  I AA''  23.05 / 26.31 A
o

I NB  I BB''  23.05 /  93.69 A

o

I NC  I CC '  23.05 / 146 .31 A

o
7.4 Balanced Delta (∆) – Connected Source with Balanced Wye (Y) - Connected Load
- Recall Section 7.1 and Section 7.2, considering source side and load side.

Delta (∆) System:

Iaa’
Wye (Y) System:
Voltage:
b’ Ib’n’ a’ Voltage:
VL  V a ZL
Iac Iba VL  3  V
Ibb’ ZL n’ Ia’n’
Current: Current: By Ohm’s
IL Law
I  Ic’n’
3
c b ZL V
Icb Icc’ I  I L 
c’ ZL

Figure 7.4.1 Balanced wye (Y) – connected source with balanced delta (∆) – connected load.

Source Side: Load Side:

Voltages: Voltages:
Phase Voltages (VФ): = Line Voltages (VL): Phase Voltages (VФ):
Vab  Vbc  Vca  V  VL Va 'n '  Vb 'n '  Vc 'n '  V

= VL  Va 'b '  Vb 'c '  Vc 'a '  V Line Voltages (VL):

Va 'b '  Vb 'c '  Vc 'a '  VL

Illustrative Problem 7.6:

In the circuit shown, the magnitude of the ZL=
voltages VL = 440 Volts and the load A B’ 12/-25.840 Ω A’
impedance ZL = 12/-25.840Ω. If VAB is N’ ZL=
12/-25.840 Ω
taken as reference and the phase sequence
ZL=
is CBA. Determine (a) line currents; (b) B 12/-25.840 Ω
power; (c) draw phasor diagram; (d) C
phase currents from the supply mains. C’

Solution:
Given Data:
V L  V A' B '  V B 'C '  VC ' A'  440 Volts IAA’
V  V A' N '  VB ' N '  VC ' N '
B’
IB’N’ A’
VL A ZL
  254.03 Volts IAC IBA IBB’
3 ZL N’ IA’N’
 12 /  25.84  10.80  j 5.23 
0
ZL
B IC’N’
Load is capacitive, so p.f is Leading: C ZL
ϴ = 25.840 ICB ICC’
= Power Factor angle C’
= Angle between phase voltage and phase current
Cos ϴ = Power Factor = 0.90 Leading Balanced delta (∆) – connected source with balanced
wye (Y) – connected load.
Sin ϴ = Reactive Factor = 0.436
 Phasor diagram - CBA sequence (From Figure 7.4b), showing voltages with VAB taken as reference
VBC = VB’C’ Line Voltages (VL): From Phasor Diagram
V AB  V A'B'  440 / 0 V
0

V BC  V B 'C '  440 / 120 V

0

VBN = VB’N’ VAN = VA’N’ VCA  VC ' A''  440 /  120 V

0
300 (Reference)
300 VAB = VA’B’
Phase Voltages (VФ): From Phasor Diagram
V AN  V A' N '  254 .03 / 30 V
0 0
30

V BN  V B ' N '  254 .03 / 150 V

0
VCN = VC’N’
VCN  VC ' N ''  254 .03 /  90 V
0

VCA = VC’A’

Required:
(a) line currents: (Load Side)
Line Currents (IL) = Phase currents (IФ):

I  I L
o
VA' N ' 254.03 / 30
I AA'  I A' N '    21.17 / 55.84 A
o

12 /  25.84
o
ZL
o
VB ' N ' 254.03 / 150
I BB'  I B ' N '    21.17 / 175.84 A
o

12 /  25.84
o
ZL
254.03 /  90
o
VC ' N '
ICC '  IC ' N '    21.17 /  64.16 A
o

12 /  25.84
o
ZL

(b) power
Power per Phase:
True Power per phase : 2
P  I  R  V  I  Cos   Watts
P  21.17   10.8  254 .0321.17 0.90 
2

 4,840 .22 Watts

Reactive Power per phase : 2

Q  I  X   V  I  Sin   VARs
Q  21.17   5.23  254 .0321.17 0.436 
2

 2,343 .92 VARs Capacitive

Apparent Power per phase : S  V  I  /    VA

S  254.0321.17  / 25.84
0

 5,377.82 / 25.84 VA
0

Total Power (for the three phases):

Total Apparent Power : S  3  V  I  /    3  VL  I L /    S /    VA
S  3 254.03  21.17  / 25.84  3  440 21.17  / 25.84
0 0

 16,133.71 / 25.84 VA
0
 Total True Power  R  3  21.17  10.80   14,520 .67 Watts
2
: P  3  I
2

or
 3  V  I   Cos   3  V L  I L  Cos 
 3  254 .0321.17 0.90   3  440 21.17 0.80 
 14,520 .67 Watts
or
 S  Cos   16,133 .71  0.90   14,520 .67 Watts

Total Reactive Power  X   3  21.17  5.23  7,031 .77 VARs Cap.

2
: Q  3  I
2

or
 3  V  I   Sin   3  V L  I L  Sin 
 3  254 .0321.17 0.436   3  440 21.17 0.436 
 7,031 .77 VARs Capacitive
or
 S  Sin   14,520 .67  0.436   7,031 .77 VARs Capacitive

(c) Phasor Diagram:

Phasor diagram - CBA sequence (From Figure 7.4b) with currents indicated as shown.
IAA’ = IA’N’
VBC = VB’C’
ϴ = 25.840
= Power Factor angle
= Angle between phase voltage and phase current

VBN = VB’N’ Note: Phase current leads phase voltage by an angle ϴ = 25.840
25.840= VAN = VA’N’
IBB’ = IB’N’ 300 ϴ
25.840 = ϴ (Reference)
300
VAB = VA’B’

300
ϴ = 25.840

VCN = VC’N’

VCA = VC’A’

ICC’ = IC’N’

(d) Phase currents from the supply mains.

Line currents in terms of phase currents: Source Side by KCL

I AA'  I BA  I AC  I BA  I CA
I BB'  I CB  I BA  I CB  I AB
I CC '  I AC  I CB  I AC  I CB
 Phasor diagram - CBA sequence (From Figure 7.4b) with line currents indicated as shown by
KCL in terms of phase currents from the source.
IAA’ = IBA + ICA
VBC = VB’C’
ϴ = 25.840
= Power Factor angle
= Angle between phase voltage and phase current

VBN = VB’N’ Note: Phase current leads phase voltage by an angle ϴ = 25.840
25.840= VAN = VA’N’
300 ϴ
25.840 = ϴ (Reference)
IBB’ = ICB + IAB 300
VAB = VA’B’

300
ϴ = 25.840

VCN = VC’N’

VCA = VC’A’

ICC’ = IAC + IBC

Phase currents from the supply mains: From phasor diagram above, using phasor
analysis, phase currents from the source are
IL 21.17
I    12.223 A
3 3
I BA  12.223 / 25.84 A
o

I CB  12.223 /  94.16 A
o

I AC  12.223 / 145.84 A
o
Learning Activity 7.3 Self-Assessment:
Balanced Three-Phase Delta (∆) – Connected Load Y-Connected Source

I. Direction Analyze and identify data given on the following problems and employ related
equations to determine the corresponding required data for each of the problems.

Practice Problem 7.5:

In the circuit shown, the magnitude A B A’
of the voltages VL = 240 Volts and ZL=12/-25.840 Ω ZL=12/-25.840 Ω
the load impedance ZL = 12/-
25.840.Ω. If VAB is taken as reference
and the phase sequence is CBA. C’
B’ ZL=12/-25.840 Ω
Determine (a) line currents; (b)
C
power; (c) draw phasor diagram; (d)
phase currents from the supply mains.

Practice Problem 7.6:

In the circuit shown, the magnitude of ZL=
the voltages VL = 440 Volts and the load A B’ 18.03/56.310 Ω A’
impedance ZL = 18.03/56.310Ω. If VAB is N’ ZL=
18.03/56.310 Ω
taken as reference and the phase
ZL=
sequence is ABC. Determine (a) line B 18.03/56.310 Ω
currents; (b) power; (c) draw phasor C
diagram; (d) phase currents from the C’
supply mains.
 Assessment

Just do Learning Activities 1 through 3.

Answer Key

Pre-Test
1. a 6. b
2. b 7. a
3. c 8. b
4. c 9. d
5. b 10. a

Learning Activity 7.I

Practice Problem 7.1 (a) Line currents:
I L  I   21.17 A

I AA'  21.17 /  4.16 A ; I BB'  21.17 /  124.16 A ; I CC '  21.17 / 115 .84 o A
o o

(b) Total Power (for the three phases):

S  16.134 / 25.84 kVA ; P  14.52 kW ; Q  7.03 kVARs Capacitive
0

(c) Phasor diagram: Draw as P.D. based on the given answers

Practice Problem 7.2 (a) Line currents:

I L  I   13.856 A

I AA'  13.856 /  6.87 A ; I BB'  13.856 / 113.13 A ; I CC '  13.856 /  126 .87 o A
o o

(b) Total Power (for the three phases):

S  5.760 /  36.87 kVA ; P  4.608 kW ; Q  3.456 kVARs Inductive
0

(c) Phasor diagram: Draw as P.D. based on the given answers

Learning Activity 7.2

Practice Problem 7.3 (a) Line currents:
I   12 A
IL  3  I   20.785 A

I AA'  20.785 /  83.13 A ; I BB'  20.785 / 156.87 A ; I CC '  20.785 / 36.87 o A

o o

(b) Total Power (for the three phases):

S  8.640 /  53.13 kVA ; P  5.184 kW ; Q  6.912 kVARs Inductive
0

(c) Phasor diagram: Draw as P.D. based on the given answers

 (d) Find phase currents from the supply mains.

Practice Problem 7.4 (a) Line currents:

I   20 A
IL  3  I   34.641 A

I AA'  34.641 / 60 A ; I BB'  34.641 / 180 A ; I CC '  34.641 /  60 o A

o o

(b) Total Power (for the three phases):

S  26.40 / 30 kVA ; P  22.863 kW ; Q  13.2 kVARs Capactive
0

(c) Phasor diagram: Draw as P.D. based on the given answers

Practice Problem 7.5 (a) Find phase currents from the supply mains.

Learning Activity 7.3

Practice Problem 7.5 (a) Line currents:
I   20 A
IL  3  I   34.641 A

I AA'  34.641 / 175.84 A ; I BB'  34.641 / 156.87 A ; I CC '  34.641 / 64.16 o A

o o

(b) Total Power (for the three phases):

S  14.400 / 25.84 kVA ; P  12.960 kW ; Q  6.276 kVARs Capacitive
0

(c) Phasor diagram: Draw as P.D. based on the given answers

(d) Find phase currents from the supply mains.

Practice Problem 7.6 (a) Line currents: Load Side

I L  I   14.090 A

I AA'  14.090 /  86.31 A ; I BB'  14.090 / 153.69 A ; I CC '  14.090 / 33.69 o A

o o

(b) Total Power (for the three phases):

S  10.738 /  56.31 kVA ; P  5.956 kW ; Q  9.916 kVARs Inductive
0

(c) Phasor diagram: Draw as P.D. based on the given answers

(d) Find phase currents from the supply mains.