OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY

Valenzuela City • Quezon City • Antipolo City • Cabanatuan • Pampanga

Veritas et Misericordia

Session 2 – 3 :Group Development

INTRODUCTION

People form groups for different reasons. They have constant need for belongingness and satisfaction that
can be fulfilled by group membership. Involvement in a group can satisfy a variety of needs such as
companionship, survival and security, affiliation and status, power, control and achievement. Groups can
vary in numbers, communication styles, interest and structure. Sherif and Sherif (1969) defined a group as
“a social unit which consists of a number of individuals who stand in role and status relationship to one
another stabilized in some degree at the time and who possess a set of value or norms of their own
regulating their behavior atleast in matter of consequence to the group.” Groups can be formal or informal.
When a person was born there is a social organization wherein the person interacts and we call that
primary unit is the family. As the person develops, there is a constant need to interact with others leading to
formation of secondary groups whether in the community, school or at work.

LEARNING OUTCOMES: Atthe end of this module, students are expected to:
1. Identify group and group development
2. Explain group dynamics and its relevance in group development
3. Differentiate the stages in group development
4. Examine the self in a group by understanding group development

MODULE LESSON

Kurt Lewin’s Individual Change Process

According to Gordon (2001), a collection of people is called group. A group has its set of characteristics; (a)
the members of the group must see themselves as a unit; (b) the group must provide rewards to its
members; (c) anything that happens to one member of the group affectsevery other member; and (d) the
members of the group must share a common goal.

Kurt Lewin coined the term “group dynamics” and his model of individual change, which served as the basis
of many models of group development. He described change as a three-stage process: unfreezing,
transition and freezing.

Unfreezing This first stage of change involves reducing the forces that are striving to maintain the
status quo, and dismantling the current mindset. For instance, presenting a provocative
problem or event to get people to recognize the need for change and to search for new
solutions.

Transition The second stage which involves development of new behaviors, values and attitudes,
structure and process changes and development techniques.

Freeze The final stage of crystallizing and the adaptation of ownership as the new ‘as is”. The
Organization may revert to former ways of doing things at this point unless changes are
reinforced through freezing.
 OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY
Valenzuela City • Quezon City • Antipolo City • Cabanatuan • Pampanga

Veritas et Misericordia

A number of theoretical models have been developed to explain how groups are formed. Bruce Tuckman in
1960s synthesized commonalities in studies of group development. He described four linear stages on how
groups are formed.

Tuckman’s Stages of Group Development

Tuckman draw on the movement known as group dynamics, which is concerned with why groups behave in
particular ways develop in for phases namely forming, storming, norming, performing and adjourning. The
fifth and final stage adjourning was added in 1977 by Tuckman and Jensen.

Forming The first stage of the team process, in which team members “feel out” the team concept
and attempt to make a positive impression.

Storming The second stage in group formation in which group members disagree and resist their
teamroles.

Norming The third stage of the team process, in which teams establish roles and determine policies
and procedures.

Performing The fourth stage of the team process, in which teams work toward accomplishing
their goals.

Adjourning The final stage of team process, in which the group wraps up its work and then dissolves.

Tuckman’s Five-Stage Theory

Forming Storming Norming Performing

Individual Issues “How do I fit in?” “What do the “What do others “How can I best
others expect me expect me to do?” perform my role?”
to do?”
Group Issues “Why are we “Can we agree on “Can we agree on “Can we do the job
here?” roles and work as roles and work as properly?”
a team?” a team?”

MODULE ACTIVITIES

A. Forming “The” Group

The whole class will be divided into 5 groups. This will be the groupings for the whole semester.

I. Aspirations of the group

In the worksheet provided, list the aspirations as a group. Also, as a group, decide which would
be the main aspiration of the group, academic or non-academic.

What are the aspirations of your group

My aspirations are:
- To have a successful career in the future
- To have good grades
- To give back or pay back my parents for their hard work and sacrifices
- My parents and grandparents to have a long, healthy, and happy life

What is the main aspiration of this group

 OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY
Valenzuela City • Quezon City • Antipolo City • Cabanatuan • Pampanga

Veritas et Misericordia

My main aspiration is my parents and grandparents to have a long life. So that they can witness me
graduate from college and succeed in life, and so that I can return their sacrifices. I want to provide them
with comfortable and enjoyable life.

II. Strength/s and Weakness/es of each member

In the worksheet provided, write each of the group members’ name. Every member will be
given a space where they can write their strength/s and weakness/es, as an individual or in
working within a group.

Member Strength/s Weakness/es

Queen Flexible, patient, empathetic. Procrastination, overthinking, lack of
Angelique R. confidence, public speaking.
Esguerra
(me)

III. Important values of the group

Enlisted are identified values which are important in working within a group. Every member
will be given a chance to vote either yes or no for each values. After casting their votes, the
members will tally the number of votes and rank the values according to the number of gained
votes.

Values Votes Rank

IV. Presentation of the outputs

Each group will be alloted 10 minutes to present their outputs on the 2nd day of this
module.

CLOSURE
 OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY
Valenzuela City • Quezon City • Antipolo City • Cabanatuan • Pampanga

Veritas et Misericordia

Journal Writing

How will you apply the university’s core values in interacting and relating with other people:

In school:
- To implement the university's fundamental values in engaging and relating with other individuals in

the school, we must first learn and understand the meaning and essence of these principles. In

school, I will apply and demonstrate the university's core values by adhering to the basic norms

and guidelines established by the educational institution, faculty, staff, and other students. I would

also utilize those core values as a foundation for educational decisions, since it would ensure that

my actions and aims are ethical, rational, and will not cause harm to my professors and

classmates. I would also use the university's core values to assist my fellow students with our

studies because the established core values inspire and encourage me to work even harder to

serve others. Overall, I'll make certain that I apply the university's core values in a way that benefits

the individuals in the school.

At Home:

- I would use these core values to become a better, more dependable, and responsible daughter,

sister, and family member. I will strive to do my best and work hard to maintain a strong

relationship with my family. I would also use the university's core values to become a more efficient

and caring member who gives care, support, and service to my family, allowing them to live a more

comfortable and quality life. Considering all of the possibilities to put the university's core values

into practice at home, I'll make certain that the applications I'll develop will help everyone and serve

as an effective model for others.

In the Community:

- I would put it into practice by becoming an inspirational and motivator to the people in the

community. I will guarantee that the actions I do in the community are excellent in terms of being

resourceful, attaining effective communication with people, and being credible with the information I

provide. I will be a responsible and ethical citizen who does not violate any individuals, rules, or

standards. There are still several ways to apply the university's core values in the community. I am
 OUR LADY OF FATIMA UNIVERSITY
Valenzuela City • Quezon City • Antipolo City • Cabanatuan • Pampanga

Veritas et Misericordia

convinced that all of the various ways that I can accomplish with the guidance of the university's

core values will help us have an amazing social relationship and a healthy community.

REFERENCES

Aamodt, M.G. (2015).Industrial and organizational psychology:Applied approach.Cengage.

Bruce Tuckman’s Stages of Team Development Model (2015, October 06). Retrieved from
https://www.lfhe.ac.uk/download.../3C6230CF-61E8-4C5E-9A0C1C81DCDEDCA2