THE INTEGUMENTARY SYSTEM

MC102 nur- Human Anatomy and Physiology

Week 5 Laboratory Activity #1
March 11-16, 2024

kcabuan/mc102nur/2022
Learning Objectives:
Describe the major structures of the skin
1.

and its accessory structures.

Identify important skin structures in a
2.

diagram or model.
Discuss the important functions of each
3.

skin structure.
Compute for the depth of burn using
4.

the Rule of Nines.

kcabuan/mc102nur/2022
 The Skin
Primary Organ in the integumentary system
Largest organ of the body

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BASIC STRUCTURES OF THE SKIN

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 - The superficial layer
- Sheet of keratinized
stratified squamous
epithelium

EPIDERMIS kcabuan/mc102nur/2022
 - Divided into strata or
regions:
1. Stratum basale
2. Stratum spinosum
3. Stratum granulosum
4. Stratum lucidum
5. Stratum corneum

EPIDERMIS kcabuan/mc102nur/2022
 - The layer of skin deep to the
epidermis
- Sheet of irregular fibrous
connective tissue
- Consists of scattering blood
vessels and nerves.

DERMIS kcabuan/mc102nur/2022
 - There are two regions of the
dermis:
1. Reticular layer
2. Papillary layer

DERMIS kcabuan/mc102nur/2022
 - “Hypodermis”
- “Superficial Fascia”
- Loose, fibrous
connective tissue
- Connects the skin to
underlying muscles
and bones

SUBCUTANEOUS TISSUE
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 TRIGGER QUESTIONS

1. On your hand, where does the skin appear to be

the thickest? Where is it the thinnest? Why
does the skin vary in thickness?

2. In your experience, do small cuts in the surface

of the thick pads on the palms of the hands draw
blood or cause pain? Why or why not?

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ACCESSORY SKIN STRUCTURES
The skin has a variety of accessory
structures, including hair and nails.

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 - A cylinder of compact
keratinized material
- Each hair is formed
within a separate hair
follicle

HAIR kcabuan/mc102nur/2022
 The follicle is a
sheathlike
indentation of
the epidermis.

HAIR kcabuan/mc102nur/2022
 At the bottom of
the follicle, a hair
papilla covered
with stratum
germinatum
produces the hair.

HAIR kcabuan/mc102nur/2022
 Portion that
has been
pushed out
of the follicle

HAIR kcabuan/mc102nur/2022
 Produces the
fatty substance
(sebum) that
coats the hair
and skin.

HAIR kcabuan/mc102nur/2022
 Strap of smooth
muscle tissue
connecting the side
of a follicle to the
superficial surface
of the dermis.

HAIR kcabuan/mc102nur/2022
 - Formed by a
modified portion
of stratum
germinativum.

NAIL kcabuan/mc102nur/2022
 The nail matrix is the
area where the
fingernails and toenails
start to grow.
The matrix creates new
skin cells, which pushes
out the old, dead skin
cells to make the nails.

NAIL kcabuan/mc102nur/2022
 Skin
under the
nail

NAIL kcabuan/mc102nur/2022
 hard part of
the nail, made
of translucent
keratin
protein.

NAIL kcabuan/mc102nur/2022
 Part of the nail
that is visible
through the
nail as a pale
crescent

NAIL kcabuan/mc102nur/2022
 The portion
of the nail
under the
fold

NAIL kcabuan/mc102nur/2022
 “Eponychium”
May enxtend
from the fold
onto the nail
body

NAIL kcabuan/mc102nur/2022
 - Exocrine glands that
produce a watery solution
(sweat) that coats the skin
- Sweat primarily improves
heat loss by the skin
through evaporation

SWEAT GLANDS
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 1. Eccrine sweat
glands
2. Apocrine sweat
glands

SWEAT GLANDS
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