A Brief Summary of First Voyage Around the
World by Antonio Pigafetta
Pigafetta is an Italian scholar and explorer from
Italy, who organized the Spanish Expeditions to the
East Indies from 1519-1522 to search for western
route to the Maluku Islands (the Spice Island)
resulting in the first circumnavigation of the Earth,
completed by Juan Sebastian Elcano.
He traveled with the Portuguese explorer Ferdinand
Magellan and his crew by order of the King Charles
1 of Spain on their Voyage around the world. His
travelogue is one of the most important primary
sources in the study of pre-colonial Philippines. His
account was also a major referent to the events
leading to Magellan’s arrival in the Philippines, his
encounter with local leaders, his death in the hands
of Lapu-lapu’s forces in the Battle of Mactan and in
the departure of what was left of Magellan’s fleet
from the islands.
On March 16, 1521, Antonio Pigafetta wrote his
first-hand observation and general impression of the
Far East including their Experiences in the Visayas.
In Pigafetta’s account, their fleet reached what he
called the Ladrones Islands or the “Islands of the
Thieves” “These people have no arms, but use
sticks, which have a fishbone at the end. They are
poor, but ingenious, and great thieves, and for the
sake of that we called these three islands the
Ladrones Islands”. It is presently known as
Marianas Islands. It is located south-southeast of
Japan, west-southwest of Hawaii, north of New
Guinea, and east of Philippines.
Pigafetta reported that they reach the isle of Zamal,
now Samar, but Magellan decided to land in
another uninhabited island for greater security
where they could rest for a few days. After two
days, March 18, nine men came to them and show
joy and eagerness in seeing them and welcomed
them with food, drinks, and gifts. The natives gave
them: fish, palm wine (uraca) figs, cochos, and Rice
(umai). Pigafetta described what seemed like a
coconut. “This palm produces a fruit names cocho,
which is large as the head, or thereabouts: its first
husk is green, and two fingers in thickness, in its
they find certain threads, with which they make the
cords for fastening their boats. Under these husks
there is another very hard, and thicker than that of a
walnut. They burned this second rind, and make
with it a powder which is useful to them. Under this
rind there is a white marrow of a fingers thickness,
which they eat fresh with meat and fish, as we do
bread, and it has the taste of almond, and if anyone
dried it, he might make bread of it.
The natives willingly showed them different islands
and the names of this islands. They went to
Humunu Island (Homonhon) where they found the
first signs of gold in the island. They named the
island with the nearby islands as the Archipelago of
St. Lazarus and on March 25, they saw two
ballangai (balangay). The leader (or king) Raja
Siagu, sent his men to the ship of Magellan. The
king offered to give Magellan a bar of gold and
chest of ginger; Magellan declined. Instead,
Magellan asked for money for the needs of his
ships. The king responded by giving them the
needed provisions and food in chinaware. Magellan
exchanged gifts of robes in Turkish fashions, red
cap, knives and mirrors.
The two men expressed their desire to become
brothers. Magellan also boasted of his men in an
armor who could not struck with swords and
daggers. The king was fascinated and remarked that
men in such armor could be worth one hundred of
his men. Magellan showed other weapons, helmets
and artilleries. He also shared his charts and maps
and how they found the islands. Magellan was
introduced to the king’s brother who was also king
of another island. They went to this island and they
saw mines of gold. The gold was abundant that the
parts of the ship and the house of the second king
were made of gold. Magellan and his men met Raja
Calambu, Pigafetta described him as the most
handsome of all men that he saw in this place. He
was adorned with golden accessories like golden
dagger, which he carried with him in a wooden
polished sheath.
On March 31, 1521 (Easter Sunday), Magellan
ordered the chaplain to preside a Mass by the shore.
The king sent two dead pigs and attended the Mass
with the other king. “…when the offertory of the
mass came, the two kings, went to kiss the cross
like us, but they offered nothing, and at the
elevation of the body of our Lord they were
kneeling like us, and adored our Lord with joined
hands.” After the Mass, Magellan ordered that the
cross be brought with nails and crowned in place.
Magellan explained that the cross, the nail, and the
crown were the signs of his emperor and that he
was ordered to plant it in the places that he would
reach and the cross would be beneficial for their
people because once the Spaniards saw this cross,
then they would know that they had been in this
land and would not cause them troubles, and any
person who might be held captives by them would
be released.
April 17, 1521. Magellan and his men reached the
port of Cebu, the largest and the richest of the
islands with the helped of Raja Calambu. The king
of Cebu, Rajah Humabon, demanded that they pay
tribute as it was customary but Magellan refused.
Magellan said that he was the captain himself and
thus would not pay tribute to the other king.
Magellan’s interpreter explained to the king of
Cebu that Magellan’s king was the emperor of the
great empire and that it would do them better to
make friends with them than to forge enmity.
The king consulted his council and the next day,
together with the other principal men of Cebu, they
met in an open space and the king offered a bit of
his blood demanded that Magellan do the same.
“Then the king said that he was content, and as a
greater sign of affection he sent him a little of his
blood from his right arm, and wish he should do the
like. Our people answered that he would do it.
Besides that, he said that all the captains who came
to his country had been accustomed to make a
present to him, and he to them, and therefore they
should ask their captain if he would observe the
custom. Our people answered that he would: but as
the king wished to keep up the custom, let him
begin and make a present, and then the captain
would do his duty.”
Magellan spoke about peace and God. People took
pleasure in his speech. Magellan asked the people
who would succeed the king after his reign and the
people responded that the eldest child of the king,
who happened to be a daughter, would be the next
in line. Parents were no longer taken into account
and has to follow the orders of their children as the
new leaders of the land. People wished to become
Christians through their free will and not because
they were forced or intimidated.
April 14, 1521. The people gathered with the king
and other principal men of the island. Magellan
spoke and encouraged the king to be a good
Christian by burning all the idols and worship the
cross instead. The king of Cebu was baptized as
Christians. “To that the king and all his people
answered that thy would obey the commands of the
captain and do all that he told them. The captain
took the king by the hand, and they walk about on
the scaffolding, and when he was baptized, he said
that he would name him Don Charles (Carlos), as
the emperor his sovereign was named: and he
named the prince Don Fernand (Fernando), after the
brother of the emperor, and the king of Mazavva
Jehan: to the Moor he gave the name of
Christopher, and to the others each a name of his
fancy.” After eight days, all of the island’s
inhabitant were already baptized. Pigafetta admitted
that they burned a village down for obeying neither
the king nor Magellan. The Mass was conducted by
the shore every day. When the queen, Hara Amihan
came to the Mass one day, Magellan gave her an
Image of the Infant Jesus made by Pigafetta
himself.
April 26, 1521. Zula, a principal man from the
island of Matan (Mactan) went to see Magellan and
ask him a boat full of men so that he could fight the
chief name Silalapulapu (Lapu-lapu). According to
Zula, Lapu-lapu refused to obey the king and was
also preventing him from doing so. Magellan
offered three boats and went to Mactan himself to
fight Lapu-lapu. “When we reached land, we found
the islanders fifteen hundred in number, drawn up
in three squadrons; they came down upon us with
terrible shouts, two squadrons attacking us on the
flanks, and the third in front. The captain then
divided his men in two bands. Our musketeers and
crossbow-men fired for half an hour from a
distance, but did nothing, since the bullets and
arrows, though they passed through their shields
made of thin wood, and perhaps wounded their
arms, yet did not stop them. They arrived in Mactan
in daylight with 49 in numbers while the islanders
of Mactan were estimated to number 1500. The
captain shouted not to fire, but he was not listened
to. The islanders seeing that the shots of our guns
did them little or no harm would not retire, but
shouted more loudly, and springing from one side
to the other to avoid our shots, they at the same
time drew nearer to us, throwing arrows, javelins,
spears hardened in fire, stones and even mud, so
that we could hardly defend ourselves. Some of
them cast lances pointed with iron at the captain-
general.”
Magellan died in the battle. The natives perceiving
that the bodies of the enemies were protected with
armors, aimed for their legs instead. Magellan was
pierced with a poisoned arrow in his right leg. A
few of their men charges at the natives and tried to
intimidate them by burning an entire village but this
only enraged the natives further. Magellan was
specifically targeted because the native knew he
was the captain general. Magellan was hit with a
lance in the face. Magellan retaliated and pierced
the same native with his lance in the breast and
tried to draw his sword but could not lift it because
of his wounded arms. One native with a great sword Magellan named the "Pacific." The expedition also
delivered a blow in Magellan’s left leg, brought him directly confirmed that the Earth was round, even
face down and the natives ceaselessly attacked though this had long since been taken for granted.
Magellan with lances, swords and even their bare
hands. Thus, overpowering him, several times he ⮚ After Magellan was murdered in the
turned round towards us to see if we were all in Philippines in April 1521, Basque navigator Juan
safety, as though his obstinate fight had no other Sebastian Elcano assumed command of the
object than to give an opportunity for the retreat of Victoria. The crew endured a lengthy, arduous
his men. voyage home during which they were plagued by
famine, scurvy, and harassment by Portuguese
The king of Cebu who was baptized could have sent ships. In September 1522, only Elcano and 21 other
help but Magellan instructed him not to join the travelers made it to Spain and they were the first
battle and stay in the balangay so that he would see men to complete a single-empire circumnavigation.
how they fought. The king offered the people of
Mactan’s gifts of any value and amount in
exchange of Magellan’s body but the chief refused.
They wanted to keep Magellan’s body as a
momento of their victory. Duarte Barbosa is elected
as the new captain. Henry, Magellan’s slave and
interpreter betrayed them and told the king of Cebu
that they intended to leave as quickly as possible.
The slave allegedly told the king that if he followed
his advice, the king would acquire the ships and the
goods of Magellan’s fleet. The two conspired and
betrayed what was left of Magellan’s men.

The king invited these men to a gathering where he

said he would present the jewels that he would send
for the King of Spain. Twenty-four men attended
while Pigafetta was not able to joined because he
was nursing his battle wounds. The natives had
slain all the men except the interpreter and Juan
Serrano who was already wounded. The fleet
departed and abandoned Serrano. They left Cebu
and continued their journey around the world. From
the original five ships set to sail (San Antonio,
Concepcion, Victoria, Trinidad and Santiago) only
Victoria returned to Spain. And from the original
237 men only 18 men survived.

Key Notes on the Magellan-Elcano Expedition

⮚ The Magellan expedition made history's

first trip around the globe. A Spanish voyage led by
Ferdinand Magellan set sail from Seville in 1519 in
quest of a sea route through the Americas and
across the Pacific Ocean.

⮚ Along with becoming the first to complete a

world circumnavigation, the Magellan-Elcano
expedition also laid the groundwork for numerous
other historical and scientific firsts. It was now
possible to finish modern maps of the Earth and
confirm the previously unconfirmed size of the
ocean separating the Americas from Asia, which

Interpreting Primary Sources and
Understanding Perspective
Examination of the author's main argument and
point of view
Only historical sources and facts provide historians
with access to historical representations of the past.
As a result, the historian's duties include both
finding historical data and facts as well as
interpreting those facts. It is the responsibility of the
historian to give these data context, arrange them
chronologically, identify causes, and write history.
Only historical sources and facts provide
historians with access to historical representations
of the past. He is a unique individual who is
shaped by a variety of factors, including his
context, environment, philosophy, education, and
influences. His bias will unavoidably affect how he
conducts his historical investigation.
Guide questions in critically analyzing or
examining the author’s main argument and
point of view.
⮚What is the author’s main objective in writing the
article, book, etc.?
⮚Does the author seek to persuade, convince, to
identify problem, or to provide a solution?
⮚What are the forms of evidence used by the
author? Are they effective and for whom?
A further step in the analysis of primary sources is
to examine the author’s main argument or main
point of view. In the process of analyzing a primary
source, a history student must closely examine a
single text written by a single author in an attempt
to understand why the writer/ author wrote the
particular text in a particular way, to a particular
audience and for what purpose?
Students must critically analyze or examine the
text:
1. What was argued or described by the writer?
2. How did the writer present his argument or point
of view?
3. Why did the writer choose (for example,
persuasion) as the method of presentation?
4. What evidences or arguments that the writer used
in persuading his audience?
5. What does the writer ultimately hope to achieve
by writing this particular text?
 Deeds, statutes, war narratives, and other texts
with important historical content can be
provided by individuals or groups expressing
different points of view. These texts or
documents are significant in and interesting
from a historical perspective. The degree of
significance is a matter of interpretation, often
connected to the value systems of the period in
which the interpretations are made, but many of
the historical documents produced today, such
as personal letters, pictures, contracts,
newspapers, and medical records would be
considered valuable historical documents that
will survive the test of time.
 By considering preservation issues and either
printing documents in a manner that time
capsules, the creation of new knowledge or the
application of the information is thus the
fundamental purpose of thoroughly evaluating
the primary source. Therefore, creating new
knowledge or using the data from the primary
source (document sample) to investigate bigger
historical questions or context is the primary
purpose of thoroughly evaluating the primary
source.
Examining the context and content of the
document
One way to analyze primary sources is the
contextual analysis or simply called textual
analysis. Understanding the historical context of a
primary source is called for understanding the
attitudes and influences that shaped the creations of
the primary source. If not placed into historical
context, a primary source’s true meaning might be
misinterpreted.
Here are some specific questions to ask in
analyzing primary sources
 What kind of document do you have? Is it a
letter? A manuscript, or a printed document?
 Was it published? If yes, when and where?
 Who is the author? What positions, role,
reputations, status, did the author have at the
time of writing?
 Is the author well- known today or at the time
of writing?
 Who is the intended audience?
 Who read this text at that time? What are the
responses of those who read it?
 What was to be gained and what were the risks
in writing this text?
 How is this document related to other primary
documents known to you, particularly from the
same time period?
 Does this document square with what you
know from secondary sources?
 What evidence do you have for your claim
about the text? A further step in the analysis of
primary sources is to examine the author’s
main argument or main point of view.
Historical Sources: Customs of the
Tagalog by Juan de Plasencia
Interpreting Primary Sources & Understanding
Perspective
Juan de Plasencia
o Plasencia belonged to the Franciscan order and
came together with the first batch of Franciscan
missionaries who arrived in the Philippines on
July 2, 1578.
o He and Fray Diego de Oropresa were assigned
to do mission works in Southern Tagalog area.
o Aside from performing sacerdotal and missionary
functions, Plasencia also helped in the foundation
and organization of numerous towns in Quezon,
Laguna, Rizal and Bulacan.
o His continuous interaction with the people he
converted to Christianity enabled him to write a
book entitled Relacion de las Costumbres de
Los Tagalos (Customs of the Tagalogs, 1589).
It vividly describes the political, social, economic
and cultural practices of the Filipinos before they
were Christianized.
o In 1593, he published the book Doctrina
Christiana en Lengua Espanola Y Tagala, the
first printed book in the Philippines. He used it as
reading material for those Filipinos who wanted
to deepen their faith in the newly accepted
religion.
o After several years of converting the natives and
teaching catechism, the Franciscan Order
honored him with the title "Venerable."
Plasencia died in Liliw, Laguna in 1590.
Historical Context: Customs of the Tagalog
Friars assigned in mission territories
 During the first century of Spanish rule,
colonial officials had the hard time running
local politics because of the limited number of
Spaniards who wanted to live outside
Intramuros. This situation forced them to allow
Filipinos to hold the position of
gobernadorcillo. To ensure that they would
remain loyal to the Crown, they instructed the
friars assigned in the parishes to supervise and
monitor the activities of the gobernadorcillo.
 Hence, the friars ended up performing the
administrative duties that colonial officials
should have been doing in the local level. They
supervised the election of the local executives,
helped in the collection of taxes, directly
involved in educating the youth and performed
other civic duties. As years went by, the friars
ended up the most knowledgeable and
influential figure in the pueblo(town).
Some duties of Friars assigned in mission
territories:
 Inform periodically their superiors of
what was going on in their respective
assignments.
 Report the number of natives they
converted, the people’s way of life, their
socio-economic situation and the problems
they encountered.
 Submit short letters while others who were
keen observers and gifted writers wrote
long dispatches.
 On top of the regular reports they submit, they
also shared their personal observations and
experiences. Plasencia’s Relacion de las
Costumbres de Los Tagalos (Customs of the
Tagalog, 1589) is an example of this kind of
work. It contains numerous information that
historians could use in reconstructing the
political and socio-cultural history of the
Tagalog region. His work is a primary source
because he personally witnessed the events and
observations that he discussed in his account.
About the Text: Plasencia’s Account on
the Customs of the Tagalogs
 The work of Plasencia is considered by many
historians as an example of a friar account.
This kind of writing is one of the most
common contemporaneous account during
the early part of the Spanish period. The
original text of Plasencia’s Customs of the
Tagalogs is currently kept in Archivo
General de Indias in Seville, Spain.
 In the Philippines, an English version of it
appeared in volume VII of the Blair and
Robertson collections. Another English
translation of it was published as part of the
volume for pre-Hispanic Philippines of the
Filipiniana Book Guild series and what will
be presented below is from this version.
Historical Context: Highlighted Customs of the
Tagalogs
A. Governing system led by the Datos
1. Governs only few people between 30-100
2. This tribal gathering is called barangay
3. They don’t settle far from others. They are not
subject to one another, except friendship and
relationship
4. The chief (datu) helps one another in wars
B. Social Hierarchy: The Caste System
There are three status/castes within a barangay:
1. Maharlika,
2. Aliping Namamahay,
3. Alipin sa Guiguilir
 Maharlika (nobles) - People who are born
free. They do not need to pay taxes and must
accompany the datos in war. They would
keep their status for a lifetime however, this
can be taken if he/she marries a slave. In this
case, the kids would be divided and they would
inherit the status of their mother or father.
 lovers and of the generations. They called
 Aliping Namamahay - They have their own
properties but has to serve their own
masters. The children belonging to this caste
inherit the status of their parents. They cannot
be treated as a slave nor can be sold off.
 Alipin sa Guiguilir - They serve their master
in their houses and lands and can be sold off.
The master can reward his/her slaves by giving
them a portion of the harvest so that the
slaves would be faithful to him/her.
 Witches - As for the witches, they killed them
and their children and accomplices became
slaves of the chief after he had made some
recompense to the injured person. Other
offences are punished by fines in gold which
not paid with promptness, exposed the culprit
to serve until the payment should be made
C. Religion: Worship and Belief
 There were no temples or sacred places in
which Filipinos would worship. The word
simbahan means a place to worship which is
constructed at a large house of the chief where
people of the tribe go to celebrate festivals
(also known as pandot).
 They beat large and small drums successively
during the feast which usually lasted four days.
During this, the barangay or family unite to
worship which they called nagaanitos.
 Among their many idols, there was named
“Bathala”, means signify "all powerful", or
“maker of all things", which they worship the
most.
D. The Entities that the Tagalogs Worship
 The sun - almost universally respected and
honored because of its beauty
 The moon and stars - they would rejoice,
especially when full moon. As for the stars,
they did not name them except for the morning
star, which they called Tala
 The constellations:
a. Seven little goats - the Pleiades; a star cluster
b. Balatik - the Greater Bear constellation
c. Mapolon - the change of seasons
 They have many idols named Lic-ha, which
comes in many forms. They had another idol
called Dian Masalanta, who was the patron of
Lacapati and Indianale, patron of cultivation of
land and husbandry
 Buaya – crocodiles were respected by the
Tagalogs due to their fear of being harmed by
them; they offered a portion of what they
carried in their boats to them
Distinctions of Devils, according to the Friars
 Anatolian - Priest from a people of rank and
officiates the offering sacrifice for a feast and
the food to be eaten being offered to the devil
 Mangagauay - They pretend to heal the sick in
order to deceive others
 Manyisalat - They can cast remedies to
couples for them to abandon one another
 Mancocolam (mangkukulam) - Can emit fire
from himself which cannot be extinguished
 Hocloban (hukluban) - Much more powerful
than a mangagauay in which they can kill
anyone without the use of any medicine. They
can also heal those who are ill
Superstitions
They find omens in events they witness (i.e.,
when someone sneezed, met on their way a rat or
serpent, or the Tigmamanuguin bird sang they
would go home in fear that evil would befall them
if they continued their journey).
TheTigmamanuguin bird’s (a blue bird as large as a
turtle-dove) song had two forms: a good omen, and
a bad omen.
Burying the Dead
In burying the dead, the corpse would be placed
beside its house and be mourned at for 4 days. It
will then be laid on a boat which serves as a coffin
which is guarded by a slave. The grief of the
relatives of the deceased is followed by eating and
drinking.

 Pangatahojan - They can predict the future

 Bayoguin - These are men who are in the

nature of a woman

 Silagan - if they saw anyone in white, they’ll

tear out its liver and eat it, thus causing his
death

 Magtatangal (manananggal) - They would go

out at night without their heads and put it back
into their bodies before the sun rise

 Osuang (aswang) - Tribesmen reported that

they saw the “osuang” who can fly and
murdered a man and ate his flesh

 Mangagayoma (gayuma) - They would

seduce their partners with charms and other
accessories so they can deceive them

 Sonat - This devil helped people to die. They

can also know if the soul they helped to die can
either be saved or not

Plasencia referred to certain devilish beliefs such as

the mangagauay and mangagayoma. He regarded
them both as “witches” who performed deceitful
healing procedures, a judgment made by an outsider
who knew nothing about the complexity of
indigenous psyche. What he failed to realize is
that in traditional cultures, these so-called “evil”
practices were an integral part of Filipino folk
beliefs.
Emilio Jacinto’s “Kartilya ng Katipunan”
Who is Emilio Jacinto?
 Emilio Jacinto penned The Kartilya ng
Katipunan in 1892.
 A brilliant and courageous young man
recognized as the heart and mind of the
Katipunan, Emilio Jacinto was known for
both.
 He used the alias "Dimas-ilaw."
 Mariano Jacinto and Josefa Dizon welcomed
him into the world on December 15, 1875 in
Manila.
 He was the author of Kalayaan, the society
newspaper.
 Jacinto contributed to directing the struggle for
the independence of the Philippines from Spain
throughout his brief life. He outlined the
fundamentals of the new Bonifacio- envisioned
administration.
 He had a decent education and spoke
Tagalog and Spanish well. He managed
the Katipunan's funds and acted as its
spokesperson.
 Jacinto rose to the rank of general in the
organization's guerilla army and actively
participated in the conflict with the Spanish
close to Manila.
 In Magdalena, Laguna, Emilio Jacinto lived
and fought against the Spanish.
 In February 1898, he was severely hurt during
a skirmish at the Maimpis River, but he sought
safety in the Santa Maria Magdalena Parish
Church,which now has a memorial
commemorating the incident.
 Malaria claimed his life on April 16, 1899.
Emilio Jacinto, the general, was only 24 years
old.
Historical Background of the Document
 The Kartilya ng Katipunan was supposedly
named as Katungkulang Gagawin ng mga
Z.LI.B. also known as “Duties of the sons of
the People.”
 The original version of the document has 14
paragraphs that contains the values that a
Katipunero should have. Each paragraph
contained unique discussion of the different
aspects of a person’s life.
 Katungkulang Gagawin ng mga Z.LI.B. Andres
Bonifacio, a founding member of La Liga
Filipina,
 penned Katungkulang Gagawin ng mga
Z.LL.B.: it is in Katipunan code: standing for
“A. ng B.”, the capital letters mean Anak ng
Bayan, Children of the Nation or as some
historians translate: “sons of the people.”
 Andres Bonifacio first wrote “Duties of the
Sons of the People” which were strictly
followed by the members of the Katipunan.
 This Decalogue showed the beliefs of
Bonifacio.
 Later on, Bonifacio adapted Emilio Jacinto’s
Kartilya ng Katipunan as the official teaching
of the Katipunan.
 The difference between Bonifacio’s Decalogue
and Kartilya ng Katipunan is Kartilya ng
Katipunan is much longer and philosophical
which showed concepts of virtuous living as
lessons for self-reflection.
 Kartilya ng Katipunan was not only a leading
for the members of the Katipunan but it
embodied moral and nationalistic principle
for all Filipinos.
 It can also be noted that this document shows
about philosophy in life, exhibiting human
greatness within, to appreciate the authenticity
of local traditions, spiritual beliefs, family
idea and cultural diversity,
 a collection of the Katipunan’s ideas and
principles and its significance, and to bear in
the minds of the members that they are their
own people, Filipinos, uniting for the
betterment of their country.
 Katipunan (KKK) (Kataastaasang,
Kagalanggalangang Katipunan ng mga
Anak ng Bayan) is an organization with the
goal of liberating from the Spaniards.
 It also aimed to teach Filipinos good manners,
cleanliness, fine morals, and to encourage the
people to help themselves and defend the
oppressed.
 The order for those who want to join the
association shall have the full understanding
and knowledge of its guiding principles and
main teachings so that they may perform their
duties wholeheartedly.
 Applicants who are merely there to know the
secrets of the Katipunan, seek personal
gratification, sell the association handful of
silver, cannot proceed, seek financial support
relief should not proceed.
 Katipuneros have weighty tasks that is why it is
important that those who will join will have
 sense of responsibility and are ready to fight in
order to protect the association and the
Filipinos.

The Katipunan as an Association

The punctual payment of dues is required:
 one-peso upon entry and then twelve and a
half-centimos each month.
 The custodian of the funds will periodically
render an account to the members, and each
member has a right to examine the accounts,
should he so wish.