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  • Chapter 1 (Kinetic Particle Theory)

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    Jiajun
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    The document discusses the kinetic particle theory, which states that all matter is made up of tiny particles in constant random motion. It describes the three states of matter - solids have closely packed particles that vibrate in fixed positions, liquids have particles arranged disorderly that slide over each other, and gases have particles spread far apart that move rapidly in any direction. Matter can change states through physical processes as it gains or loses kinetic energy, such as melting, boiling, evaporating, sublimating, condensing, and freezing. The kinetic energy of particles is directly related to temperature, and diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration, affected by factors like relative molecular mass and temperature.

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    Chapter 1 (Kinetic Particle theory)✔️ 48deb41d8287453f97db05371441abda

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    The document discusses the kinetic particle theory, which states that all matter is made up of tiny particles in constant random motion. It describes the three states of matter - solids have closely packed particles that vibrate in fixed positions, liquids have particles arranged disorderly that slide over each other, and gases have particles spread far apart that move rapidly in any direction. Matter can change states through physical processes as it gains or loses kinetic energy, such as melting, boiling, evaporating, sublimating, condensing, and freezing. The kinetic energy of particles is directly related to temperature, and diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration, affected by factors like relative molecular mass and temperature.

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    © All Rights Reserved
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    5 views7 pages

    Chapter 1 (Kinetic Particle Theory)

    Uploaded by

    Jiajun
    The document discusses the kinetic particle theory, which states that all matter is made up of tiny particles in constant random motion. It describes the three states of matter - solids have closely packed particles that vibrate in fixed positions, liquids have particles arranged disorderly that slide over each other, and gases have particles spread far apart that move rapidly in any direction. Matter can change states through physical processes as it gains or loses kinetic energy, such as melting, boiling, evaporating, sublimating, condensing, and freezing. The kinetic energy of particles is directly related to temperature, and diffusion is the movement of particles from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration, affected by factors like relative molecular mass and temperature.

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    Chapter 1 (Kinetic Particle


    theory) ✔️
    Content
    Definition
    The Kinetic particle theory states that all matter is made up of tiny particles
    and that these particles are in constant random motion

    What are the three states of matter

    Solid

    Diagram

    Chapter 1 (Kinetic Particle theory) ✔️ 1


    Arrangement of particles
    Closely packed in an orderly manner

    movement of particles
    Vibrate and rotate about their fixed position

    Forces of attraction between particles


    Very strong

    kinetic energy of particles


    Very slow

    Liquids

    Diagram

    Arrangement of particles

    Arranged in a disorderly manner; closely packed (less close than in


    solid)

    movement of particles

    Slide over each other about their fixed position

    Forces of attraction between particles

    Strong but weaker than solid

    kinetic energy of particles


    More kinetic than in a solid

    Gases

    Diagram

    Chapter 1 (Kinetic Particle theory) ✔️ 2


    Arrangement of particles

    Randomly spread very far apart from one another

    movement of particles

    Move about rapidly in any direction

    Forces of attraction between particles

    Very weak; weaker than in liquid

    kinetic energy of particles

    A lot of kinetic energy

    Change of state

    definition

    Matter can change from one state to another. Changes in state is a physical
    process and is reversible

    What are the 6 physical changes in state of matter:

    Energy taken in (4)

    Melting

    Boiling

    Evaporation

    Sublimation

    Energy given out (2)

    Condensation

    Freezing

    Heating and cooling curve

    Chapter 1 (Kinetic Particle theory) ✔️ 3


    Heating curve

    ANS TEMPLATE

    What happens when the substance starts to heat

    the particles will gain kinetic energy and move faster

    When will the temperature stop increasing

    Temperature increases until it reaches melting/boiling point.

    What do the energy used when it reaches melting/boiling point

    They are used to overcome forces of attraction between the


    particles. Therefore, kinetic energy remains constant. Therefore,
    temperature remains constant

    Cooling curve

    Diagram

    Chapter 1 (Kinetic Particle theory) ✔️ 4


    question

    What happened to the particles when it is cold

    do the Temperature stop decreasing

    Freezing and condensation

    Whats the reason for the stop of the decrease of temperature

    Thermal energy is given out to the surroundings and the


    particles are are attracted to each other, kinetic energy of
    particles remain constant

    How is kinetic energy of particle related to temperature

    Kinetic energy is proportional to temperature

    During state change, KE remains Constant

    Boiling VS evaporation

    Temperature

    Boiling
    at boiling point

    Evaporation

    Chapter 1 (Kinetic Particle theory) ✔️ 5


    at any temperature

    where would it happen

    Boiling

    throughout the liquid

    evaporation

    only at the surface of the liquid

    Speed

    Boiling
    fast

    evaporation

    slow

    Bubble formation

    Boiling

    Yes, rise to the surface

    evaporation

    no

    Diffusion

    Definition
    Is the net movement of particles from a region of higher concentration to a
    region of lower concentration

    Factors affecting rate of diffusion

    Relative molecular mass (mr)

    trend

    Lower the Mr, the faster the gas particles diffuse

    Temperature

    trend

    Chapter 1 (Kinetic Particle theory) ✔️ 6


    The higher the temperature, the higher rate of diffusion

    Chapter 1 (Kinetic Particle theory) ✔️ 7

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