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Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Components
Symmetrical and Unsymmetrical Components
𝐼𝑎 1 1 1 1 1 1 𝐼𝑎0
[𝐼𝑏 ] = 𝐼𝑎0 [1] + 𝐼𝑎+ [𝛼 2 ] + 𝐼𝑎− [ 𝛼 ] = [1 𝛼2 𝛼 ] . [𝐼𝑎+ ]
𝐼𝑏 1 𝛼 𝛼2 1 𝛼 𝛼 2 𝐼𝑎−
𝐼𝑎 𝐼𝑎0
𝑊ℎ𝑒𝑟𝑒 𝐼𝑝 = [𝐼𝑏 ] (𝑝ℎ𝑎𝑠𝑒 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠), 𝐼𝑠 = [𝐼𝑎+ ] (𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠)
𝐼𝑏 𝐼𝑎−
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
𝑨 = [𝟏 𝜶𝟐 𝜶 ] 𝒊𝒔 𝒕𝒉𝒆 𝒔𝒚𝒎𝒎𝒆𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒄𝒂𝒍 𝒄𝒐𝒎𝒑𝒐𝒏𝒆𝒏𝒕 𝒎𝒂𝒕𝒓𝒊𝒙.
𝟏 𝜶 𝜶𝟐
Question 2
The relation between voltages and currents in symmetrical components is
given as shown where 𝑍𝑛 the impedance in the neutral.
𝑉0 0 𝑍 0 + 3𝑍𝑛 0 0 𝐼0
1 1
( 𝑉 ) = (𝐸 ) − ( 0 𝑍1 0 ) ∙ (𝐼1 )
𝑉2 0 0 0 𝑍2 𝐼2
Using the above information, draw the respective sequential circuits in the
positive, negative and zero.
Multiplying row by column for the last two dotted matrices,
𝑉 0 = 0 − (𝑍 0 + 3𝑍𝑛 )𝐼 0
𝑉 1 = 𝐸 1 − 𝑍 1 𝐼1
𝑉 2 = −𝑍 2 𝐼 2
Note: 0, 1, and 2 on 𝐼 and 𝑉 are superscripts not powers.
Positive
Negative
Zero
Question 3
A three phase network has an unbalanced per unit fault current and per unit
sequential components of the voltages as shown below.
𝐼0 5∠900 𝑉0 20∠800
(𝐼1 ) = (5∠3400 ) (𝑉 1 ) = ( 100∠00 )
𝐼2 5∠2000 𝑉2 30∠1800
Given that the sequential components of the source voltage is 1.0pu at angle
zero and that the system is solidly earthed.
i) What does it mean for a system to be solidly earthed
It implies that the impedance between the neutral and ground is zero hence
𝑍𝑛 = 0
ii) Determine the corresponding sequential components of the
impedances in the system.
1 1 1 1 1 1 1
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 𝐴 = [1 𝛼 2 𝛼 ] 𝑤𝑒 𝑘𝑛𝑜𝑤 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡 𝐴−1 = [1 𝛼 𝛼2]
3
1 𝛼 𝛼2 1 𝛼2 𝛼
𝐼𝑆 = 𝐴−1 𝐼
𝐼0 1 1 1 1 5∠900
[ 𝐼 1 ] = [1 2] . [
𝛼 𝛼 5∠3400 ]
3
𝐼2 1 𝛼2 𝛼 5∠2000
𝑅𝑒𝑐𝑎𝑙𝑙 𝑡ℎ𝑎𝑡: 𝛼 = 1∠1200 , 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝛼 2 = 1∠2400 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑚𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑟𝑜𝑤 𝑏𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛;
𝐼0 1 1 1 1 5∠900
[ 𝐼 1 ] = [1 1∠1200 1∠2400] . [
5∠3400 ]
3
𝐼2 1 1∠2400 1∠1200 5∠2000
0 0
𝐼0 1 5∠900 + 5∠3400 + 5∠2000
[𝐼1 ] = [5∠90 + 5∠460 + 5∠4400 ]
3
𝐼2 5∠900 + 5∠5800 + 5∠3200
𝐼0 0.527∠90
1
[𝐼 ] = [ 4.949∠90 ] 𝑡ℎ𝑒𝑠𝑒 𝑎𝑟𝑒 𝑡ℎ𝑒 𝑠𝑦𝑚𝑚𝑒𝑡𝑟𝑖𝑐𝑎𝑙 𝑐𝑜𝑚𝑝𝑜𝑛𝑒𝑛𝑡𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑐𝑢𝑟𝑟𝑒𝑛𝑡.
𝐼2 0.476∠ − 90
𝑉0 0 𝑍0 0 0 𝐼0
1 1
𝐹𝑟𝑜𝑚 (𝑉 ) = (𝐸 ) − ( 0 𝑍1 0 ) ∙ (𝐼1 ) 𝑆𝑖𝑛𝑐𝑒 𝑍𝑛 = 0
𝑉2 0 0 0 𝑍2 𝐼2
20∠800 0 𝑍0 0 0 0.527∠90
0
( 100∠0 ) = (1) − ( 0 𝑍1 0 ) ∙ ( 4.949∠90 )
30∠1800 0 0 0 𝑍2 0.476∠ − 90
𝑀𝑢𝑙𝑡𝑖𝑝𝑙𝑦𝑖𝑛𝑔 𝑟𝑜𝑤 𝑏𝑦 𝑐𝑜𝑙𝑢𝑚𝑛 𝑔𝑖𝑣𝑒𝑠;
20∠800 = 0 − 𝑍 0 (0.527∠90)
𝑍 0 = 37.95∠1700 = −𝟑𝟕. 𝟑𝟕 + 𝒋𝟔. 𝟓𝟗
100∠00 = 1 − 𝑍1 (4.949∠90)
𝑍1 = 20∠900 = 𝒋𝟐𝟎
30∠1800 = 0 − 𝑍 2 (0.476∠ − 90)
𝑍 2 = 63.025∠900 = 𝒋𝟔𝟑. 𝟎𝟐𝟓
Compiled by David
Cc. Team Tent Discussion Group