QUARTER 4 SCIENCE 10 ACTIVITIES

Oh My Gas!
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The latter equation is simply read as: The product
Let Us Study of Pressure and Volume is constant. Since volume and
pressure of the gas can be varied, let P1 and V1 be the
Getting to know gases and its behavior initial pressure and volume respectively and P2 and V2 be
Have you ever seen a hot air balloon? Do you the final pressure and volume respectively.
wonder what makes it fly through the air? Air pressure is According to Boyle’s Law, PV= k therefore:
a big part of how hot air balloons work. To get a clearer
understanding, let’s compare gas particles to people in a
crowded dance floor. Too many people too close together
means there are a lot of collisions. Most of the time a
bump doesn’t create any problem, but occasionally a
collision between two couples can be harder than usual. Let’s try to solve this problem:
The more active the dancing (rock and roll, for example,
rather than the waltz), the more frequent the possibility of The inflated balloon that slipped from the hand of Renn
bumping into someone else. has a volume of 0.50 L at sea level (1.0 atm) and it
Each gas particle is considered to be independent reached a height of approximately 8 km where the
of all other gas particles. There are variables used to atmospheric pressure is approximately 0.33 atm.
describe gases: mass, volume, pressure, and temperature. Assuming that the temperature is constant, compute for
Gases seem to be weightless, but they are classified as the final volume of the balloon.
matter, which means they have mass. It’s this very low In analyzing the problem, it is important that you
density that allows us to be able to walk through the room categorize the initial and final conditions of the
without concerning ourselves with air resistance. In a variables:
smaller container, the molecules have less room to move.
The particles hit the sides of the container more often. Gas
pressure results from the collisions between gas
molecules and the walls of the container they are in. More By applying Boyle’s Law, can you predict what will
molecules mean more collisions which means more happen to the final volume? Yes, you’re right! The final
pressure. Gases naturally move from areas of high volume will increase. Let’s compute for the numerical
pressure to low pressure because there is empty space to value of the final volume by substituting the given values
move into – a spray can is example. to this equation.
Unlike couples on the dance floor, a gas particle
that collides with another gas particle just bounces off
with no change in speed, just direction. Gas particles don’t
respond to heat the same way people do. When we get hot,
we become less active and just want to sit in the shade
with a cool drink of water or soda. When gas molecules Let us now proceed to another interrelationship among
experience an increase in temperature, they get excited gases.
and move faster. This concept is known as the
KINETICMOLECULAR THEORY which we will dig
deeper as we proceed in this lesson.
Let’s investigate if there is an interrelationship
among properties of gases.
Gas particles have a very weak intermolecular
force of attraction; hence they move as far as possible
from each other. They have the tendency to occupy all the
spaces they are contained in.

Why is there a need to convert °C to K?

Where:
V= volume, P = pressure, T = temperature and n = amount of the gas
It is read as: The volume of a gas is inversely
proportional to its pressure if temperature and amount of
a gas are held constant.
Let’s look at the equation again and try to change the
proportionality sign (α) with the equal sign (=).
Kelvin is the basic unit for measuring
temperature in the International System (SI). It denotes
the absolute temperature scale with absolute zero as the
starting point - whereby zero Kelvin or absolute zero is
theoretically the lowest attainable temperature. Kelvin
scale is used in gas law calculations because the pressure
and volume of a gas depend on the motion of the particles
or the Kinetic Energy (KE) of particles. There is a direct
relationship between the temperature and the kinetic
energy, no other temperature scale is based on absolute
zero, so zero Kelvin means zero KE. When we double the
temperature in Kelvin, the kinetic energy of gas is also
doubled. A change in Celsius or Fahrenheit is not directly
related to KE as these scales do not start at zero.
 b. Gas molecules are always in constant random
motion, and they frequently collide with one
another and with the walls of the container.
Collisions are perfectly elastic- meaning kinetic
energy is transferred without loss from one
particle to another- the total kinetic energy
remains constant.

c. There is a neither attractive nor repulsive force

between or among gas molecules.
d. Movement of gas molecules is affected by
temperature. The average kinetic of the molecules
Let’s apply Charles’ Law in solving problems
is directly related to the temperature of gas.
related to volume-temperature relationship in gases.
An inflated balloon with a volume of 0.75 L at
The Kinetic Molecular Theory (KMT) explains
30°C was placed inside the freezer where the temperature
the properties of gases and describes the behavior of
is -10°C. Find out what will happen to the volume of the
gases. So far, you have learned that gases have mass,
balloon if the pressure remains constant. Support your
volume, temperature and it exerts pressure. The pressure
answer with computation.
exerted by gas molecules is due to collision among gas
molecules and with the walls of the container. The
frequency of collision is affected by temperature because
gas molecules move faster at high temperatures, on the
other hand, they move slowly at low temperature. The
faster the movement of the molecules, the more frequent
the collision, causing an increase in pressure.

Activity 1: Figure it Out!

1. A gas occupies 1.56 L at 770 mmHg. What will be the
volume of this gas if the pressure becomes 3.00 atm? Use the
formula for Boyle’s Law: P1V1=P2V2 Note: 1.00 atm=
760.0mmHg

Were you able to predict it correctly? Try to 2. A gas occupies 11.2 liters at 0.860 atm. What is the pressure
divide V1 by T1 and V2 by T2. Did you obtain the same if the volume becomes 15.0 L?
quotient? Amazing! The volume decreases because the
3. A gas occupies 900.0 mL at a temperature of 27.0 °C. What
temperature decreases too.
is the volume at 132.0 °C? Use formula for Charles’ Law
Boyle's law states that the pressure (p) of a given V1T2 = V2T1
quantity of gas varies inversely with its volume (v) at Note: Convert °C to K using this formula: K = °C + 273.15
constant temperature.
On the other hand, Charles' law states that that 4. At 225.0 °C a gas has a volume of 400.0 mL. What is the
the volume occupied by a fixed amount of gas is directly volume of this gas at 127.0 °C? Use formula for Charles’ Law
proportional to its absolute temperature, if the pressure V1T2 = V2T1
remains constant. Note: Convert °C to K using this formula: K = °C + 273.15
Let us try to make ourselves familiar with the
Kinetic Molecular Theory and try to relate the above 5. Draw the gas molecules under these two conditions
mentioned concepts with the said theory.
The kinetic-molecular theory is a theory that
explains the states of matter and is based on the idea that
matter is composed of tiny particles that are always in
motion. This theory is used to explain the behaviors
common among gases.
Activity 2: How Are We Related?
Kinetic Molecular Theory of Gases states that: Direction: Complete the tables with the necessary
a. Gases are composed of molecules. The distances information.
from one molecule to another molecule are far
greater than the molecules’ dimensions. These
molecules can be considered as spherical bodies
which possess mass but have negligible volume.