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Pathways Reading Writing and Critical Thinking 2 2Nd Edition Full Chapter
Pathways Reading Writing and Critical Thinking 2 2Nd Edition Full Chapter
Pathways
Reading, Writing, and Critical Thinking
S E CO N D
Pathways, Second Edition is a global, five-level academic English program.
EDITION
Carefully-guided lessons develop the language skills, critical thinking, and learning
strategies required for academic success. Using authentic and relevant content from
Reading, Writing, and Critical Thinking
Pathways
National Geographic, including video, charts, and other infographics, Pathways
prepares students to work effectively and confidently in an academic environment.
■ Teacher Website
NGL.Cengage.com/pathwaysseries
CEFR: B1–B2
6 Reading 1
The Snake Chaser
Focus
Identifying Pros and Cons
Predicting, Understanding
ANIMALS AND VIDEO
The Frog Licker the Main Idea(s) and Details,
MEDICINE Understanding Pronoun
page 101 Reading 2
References
A Haven for Chimps
7 Reading 1
When Tornadoes Strike
Focus
Identifying Sequence
Predicting, Understanding
NATURE’S FURY VIDEO
Lightning Main Ideas and Details,
page 121 Understanding Cause and
Reading 2
Effect, Interpreting Maps,
Wildfires!
Earth Science Understanding a Process
8 Reading 1
Unfinished Masterpiece
Focus
Identifying Relevant
Information
BUILDING VIDEO
A Daring Design Predicting, Understanding
WONDERS the Main Idea(s) and
page 141 Reading 2
Details, Matching, Scanning,
Amazing Structures
Identifying Evidence
Architecture / Archaeology
9 Reading 1
What Are Feathers For?
Focus
Identifying Theories
Predicting, Understanding
FORM AND VIDEO
Flying Reptiles the Main Idea, Identifying
FUNCTION Details
page 163 Reading 2
Design by Nature
Life Science
10 Reading 1
Turning Ideas into Reality
Focus
Taking Notes (Part 2)
Predicting, Understanding
SMART ADVICE VIDEO
The Community Builder the Main Idea and Details,
page 183 Identifying Sequence,
Reading 2
Applying, Identifying
Lessons in Business
Business Opinions
vi
vii
NeW
uPDaTeD
ACADemIC SKILLS THINK AND DISCUSS
READING Identifying pros and cons 1 Have you ever been bitten or stung by an
WRITING Writing an argumentative paragraph animal? If so, by what?
GRAMMAR Making concessions 2 Which animals are often used in medical
research? Why do scientists use them?
CRITICAL THINKING Understanding metaphors and similes
101
Awake
— REM sleep
Non-REM Stage 1
Non-REM Stage 2
Lifelong Memories
C
D
drug
Research has shown that brain
state
A Match each section from the reading passage (1–4) to its purpose.
activity during deep sleep plays an
important role in memory formation. U N d E R S TA N d i N g
1.10
MAiN idEAS
Play games. mental
UNDERSTANDING THE READING
proof → →
A
U N d e r s Ta N d I N g A . Check ( ) the sentences that are supported by the reading passage.
MaIN Ideas Eat right.
Avoid stress.
The Stages of Sleep
Physical
Memory and the Brain
B What may have caused the violent tornadoes in April 2011? Fill in the missing U N d E R S TA N d i NDEVELOPING
g READING SKILLS ripple
. The flow chart below summarizes how the brain creates long-term memories.
U N d e r s Ta N d I N g a B antioxidant
First Next
explicit reading skill instruction The new information The ripples move the The brain creates
becomes a long-term new information to sharp wave ripples in
memory. the 4 . the 3 . during After
IdeNTIf yINg C aUse C . Complete the chart below. fill in the missing causes and effects.
aNd effeC T
U N d e R S Ta N d I N g A The illustration below shows how twisters form. Read the captions. Complete the
Causes a PROCeSS missing information using the words in the box. One word is used twice.
1
Effects
2
Critical thinking activities CrITICal ThINkINg:
syNThesIzINg
D . list all the techniques and tips for improving memory that you have learned about in
this unit. Circle the ones you are most likely to use.
warm air 3
cold air
94 UNIT 5
C viii the following excerpts from the reading passage. Then discuss the questions
Read CRiTiCAL ThiNkiNg:
with a partner. E v A L U AT i N g
SoURCES
BEFORE VIEWING
A . Why do you think people are interested in finding Genghis Khan’s tomb? Discuss your BRainsToRminG
ideas with a partner.
B . Read the information about Genghis Khan. Then answer the questions. LeaRninG aBouT
The Topic NeW
PREPARING TO READ
BUIldINg A The words and phrases in blue below are used in the reading passage on pages
VocaBUlary 145–148. complete each sentence with the correct word or phrase. Use a dictionary to
help you.
Buildings inspired
by nature
Water Plants
ix
WRITING TASK
Writing
PlaNNINg A Follow these steps to plan your comparison paragraph.
Step 1
Step 2
Step 3
not as old as more expensive than less expensive than older than
UNIT REVIEW
W r i t i n g S k i l l Writing a Comparison Paragraph answer the following questions.
aWl aWl
Differences: aWl
Both However
aWl
FIrsT DraFT B Use the information above to write a first draft of your paragraph. aWl
158 UNIT 8
162 Unit 8
160 UNIT 8
WRITING TASK
Writing
Step 1
Goals Language for Writing larger than
Draft 1
Step 2 less complex than
not as tall as
online workbook
uPDaTeD revising
Practice C now use the questions below to revise your paragraph. revised draft
FIrsT DraFT B Use the information above to write a first draft of your paragraph.
MEXICO
Rating: 8.3
Population: 124.2 million
Average Life Expectancy:
76.7 years
GDP per capita:
$10,450
What makes us happy? According to the World Database of Happiness, people are
happy if they feel that they have a good quality of life. This may include having a
good standard of living, feeling safe and secure, or living in a society that provides
basic healthcare for all.
Is it possible to measure happiness? Researchers at the World Database of Happiness
think so. The database (2005–2014) brings together scientific reports on happiness
from 158 countries around the world. The researchers asked people to rate their
enjoyment of life on a scale from 0 to 10. The top six happiest nations are shown
here. Oman (18th) is the happiest country in the Middle East. The happiest Asian
countries—the Philippines, Thailand, and Singapore—placed 39th, 42nd, and 43rd.
2 UNIT 1
SWITZERLAND
COSTA RICA Rating: 8.0
Rating: 8.5
Population: 8.2 million
Population: 4.8 million Average Life Expectancy:
Average Life Expectancy: 83.2 years
79.4 years GDP per capita:
GDP per capita:1 $85,800
$10,650
1 GDP (Gross Domestic Product) per capita is the value of goods and
services produced by a country, divided by its total population.
HAPPINESS 3
BUILDINg A . The words and phrases in blue below are used in the reading passage on pages 5–6.
VOCABULARy Complete each sentence with the correct word or phrase. Use a dictionary to help you.
BRAINSTORMINg C List six things that you think a person needs in order to be happy. Share your ideas
with a partner.
PREDICTINg D Look at the title and the subheads of the reading passage on pages 5–6. What do you
think the reading passage is about? Check your answer as you read.
4 UNIT 1
1.01
C
standard of
Safety and Security living
equal
secure
square mile
Littering top up
3
Jaywalking tax break
HAPPINESS 5
financial
G
friendS and neighborS
H
F
socialize
6 UNIT 1
B . According to the writer, do the following statements (a–e) apply to Mexico, Singapore, U N D E R S TA N D I N g
or both? Complete the Venn diagram. D E TA I L S
Mexico Singapore
C Find and underline the following bold words and phrases in the reading passage. Use CRITICAL THINkINg:
context to identify their meanings. Then match each word or phrase to its definition. INFERRINg
MEANINg
strict (paragraph B) happy medium (paragraph D)
look after (paragraph C) decent (paragraph D)
D Would you prefer to live in Singapore or Mexico? Why? Complete the following CRITICAL THINkINg:
sentence and share your ideas with a partner. JUS T IF y IN g yOUR
OPINION
singapore mexico
HAPPINESS 7
M AT c H I N g A . Look back at the reading passage on pages 5–6. Match each main idea below to a
paragraph (A–H) from the reading passage.
IDeNTIfyINg B . Read the information about Denmark. Then write the main idea of the paragraph.
THe MAIN IDeA
8 UNIT 1
BeFore vieWinG
A . Some people live 100 years or more. What do you think these people do to stay PREDICTINg
healthy? Discuss your ideas with a partner.
B . Read the information about achieving a long life. Then answer the questions. LEARNINg ABOUT
THE TOPIC
HAPPINESS 9
centenarians
processed foods
traditional lifestyle
WhiLe vieWinG
U N D E R S TA N D I N g A Watch the video. According to the video, which of the following is true?
THE MAIN IDEA
aFTer vieWinG
REAC TINg TO A Discuss these questions with a partner.
THE VIDEO
CRITICAL THINkINg: B Compare Okinawa with either Singapore or Mexico. What is one thing people in those
SyNTHESIzINg places have in common? Complete the following sentence.
10 UNIT 1
A . The words in blue below are used in the reading passage on pages 12–13. Complete BUILDINg
each sentence with the correct form of the word. Use a dictionary to help you. VOCABULARy
C . The reading passage on pages 12–13 looks at four basic factors for happiness. Write BRAINSTORMINg
the factors in the word web below. Then, with a partner, brainstorm some words or
phrases that you think might relate to each one.
happiness
HAPPINESS 11
12 UNIT 1
9.
Nikolai Parfenovitš selitti lempeästi hänelle, että hänet vie heti pois
maalaispoliisikomisarius Mavriki Mavrikijevitš, joka juuri sattuu
olemaan täällä…
Mitja oli vaiti. Hän tuli aivan punaiseksi. Hetkisen kuluttua hänen
äkkiä tuli hyvin vilu. Oli lakannut satamasta, mutta synkkää taivasta
peittivät edelleen pilvet, pureva tuuli puhalsi suoraan vasten kasvoja.
»Onkohan minulla kuumeväristyksiä», ajatteli Mitja kohauttaen
olkapäitään. Viimein kiipesi rattaille myös Mavriki Mavrikijevitš, kävi
istumaan raskaasti, leveästi ja litisti aivan kuin huomaamattaan
Mitjan hyvin ahtaalle. Totta oli, että hän oli pahalla tuulella, eikä
hänelle määrätty tehtävä ensinkään ollut hänelle mieleen.
1.
Kolja Krasotkin
2.
Lapsiparvi