07/03/2023 Analisi Matematica 2 9 CFU

LASTTIME
Limite di funtionsin pin variabili

Criterio dinon existenta

TODAY Criterio desistenta del Cinite

7:IR"-IR
Riconola: ommette in paR" limite L ->(R,

tim
f(x) L S =
1- (
=

1 aI · L 5
+

seV2x75x0:( -

1)(8 =
(f(x) - 2)<5
 07/03/2023 Analisi Matematica 2 9 CFU
Esempir

5xxy S y gn,
(,y) (0,07 (,y) (0,07 =

z
=

7(x,y) =
g(x,y) =

(x,y) (0,0)
=
(x,y) (0,0) =

Pa
quake fra f, esist is limite

him
him
f(x,y), g(x,y)
(x,y) (0,0)
->
(x,y) (0,0)
-

DNE
Joked:coondinate
polan x xo fc0s8
+
=

f/0
y-..... (x,y)
[0,27)
-

y 90 f20

↓
=
+
0 ->

f y 928
=

10 (x,y) -
(7,0)
(X0,90X 9208
=

((x(1,0),y(9,0)) -

(X0,y )
-
=
T
5x75>0:
V
lin f(x,y):
(x,y) -
x(X0,y0) (f(x,y)) =5 1(f(X,y1
= -
L) x9
 Aconguo
f(x,y) =

1yz
=
=e0 vino
h
=

72

x0 0f(x,y)
=

0
=

in (f(x,21-0) 100201 *
general
0
=

1908Kind
g(x,y)
myzy ff0
=
=
=

(8(X,y) -

0) 1/
=

1 1
=
< s

2
peewlo (f1 x =
8

sup
Abbiano maggiona
*Otto, in

(g(X0 7218,90
+

g20)
+
-

L) h(f) =

can tif) to
press fro
Terramat[criteria del
shiesistent limite]

X
x0
= +

y200
Consideriama lin
f(x,y) ->

(x,y) +
70,70) y 7
=

ynd
+

Se esiste it 1R
unafactions h:(0,0) [0,0)
->

com tim h(t) 0, = take

poqui
+-ot

per ogm
8 + [0,37] (f(x0 92050, 30 72n8)
+ + -
L) h(e)
<

1 x 0

allow lin
f(x,y) L
=

(x,y) 70,70)
+

Dim.
Escitio teavare lim x209y ->
-
o

Verifical (X,y) -
(0,1) (X' (y
+
- 1(3)"2

V010,11

(0,y)-(0,4))dy,,,
·
lin 0
=

x0
N
X
v
=
t

x 0
f20s8
= +

log (1 t)
+

y =1 +

ysin0

(f(x,y) 0) 1 FGO log(

92nd
+

- =

⑭
120501 Roy (1 sina) /
t
+
=

<
1801 lysing
t) t
log (1 +

=
7 Icowning
I
- (1 + 1 27
1 2
=
+
=

·
<
T ->

7-0
Riconde f(x,y) continue
I
in (0,70) se lim f(x,y) f(x0,y0)
=

(x,y) -
3(X0,y0)

Esempie sia x3 y2

S
+

+
(x,y)f(0,0)
f.(R- - (R. f(x,y) x
=
yz

0 (x,y) (0,0)
=

Trovara talti
partin cuif
i a continue.
Esempio
Studiara lacontinuita
della funtions (50,70)

7
continue in

ex/y -
y =
0sewhx700.
X
f(x,y) =

S 0
y 0
=

a. (50,90) con
g0 = 0 continue

b.(X0,80),X0=0,y0 0
=
Esempio
Studiara lacontinuita
della funtions (50,70)

7
continue in

ex/y + 0/
y sewhx400.
X
f(x,y) =

S 0
y 0
=

a. (50,90) con
g0 = 0 continue
a

X x.
=

+
t
V y
=

b.(X0,80),X0=0,y0 0
=

2x0
-

hugo a selta (x0, +1.

X0>0,t-0t
f(x0,t) 2nX0e*
5+
-

him x0 40,7 + 0
= =

t -> 0I t -> st -

X0>0,t+0
existe -o+
non
x0x0,t

C.(X0,y0) (0,0) =

+
+

relte x
t,y
=
= t tim fCt,t) lim
=
+

1 =0

+3>0I +30

1st
H 1t
t,y t2 tim f(t,th) him te him e
anwax
=
= = =
=

X/t
+
+->* +->00 ⑳ + -

H
=
wine" ( -
((s) 0
=

+
- 0
(((t")
non exite
Eseccitio

y28(1 xy)
3
+

xyx
-

1,y 0
+

f(x,y) =

0 eltrimenti

Studiare
pantislicontinuita
i dif
·
tone rende fcontinue.

1516)

:
⑥
on biance to contine

auwe
y 7 ne
=
.

OK s
a
+ &

8A · continue

·minine
is
it ·assey
Si:

⑥
·asseX,X>0 No

Asse
y:lin f(0,y) 0
=

y + y0

f(x,y) (+jcosae)
colg
Sniviamo x 720s0
= =

y 90 ffin&
= +

0x - M(2,M/]
f(x,y) (+jcosae)
colg 40
= =
0

Peso ("cosn0l< , ->07 0

-
~

f(x,y) (+ paoie S "Gono

180 Coy 2010
mol
=
-

=
(1990) y)
< -> 0

Cin0 0
=

7 - 0

i
manca no penti (x0,0) x 10
=
98010
+

y 0
=

fua
+

f(x,y) =

log( xy)
+

(x0 1910)
=
+

log(1 (+20,0 x0]ecn0])

+
+

fsiu d

[easi0 an e
x720
= xo
+

2
2
- C*
7250)(0)7
0 = x0(X0 9200)
+

= xo
-
sin Q
⑤ -

-
Differentiabilita (n 1) =
f(x0) a(x x)-
+ -

Af(x,x0)
=
f(x0)
·

Lareta
y
= a(X x))
+ -

f(x0) -
f(x)

i
- - - . . .

a
tangente at
prefico
↓finX0s

him Af(x,x0) 0
=
x0 x

x X0 x -
x0
-

y f(x0) m(x x0)

[f(x-) x0]
-
=
-

one Af(x,x.) f(x) = -

a(x
+ -

2 0= ⑦
2,,
=
f(x) -
f(X-) -
- f'(x0)
x - x0

Ax f(xa Ax
Af(X,x-) f
=

f(+ - a

↓
x -
x0

↓ ↓
f(t-f(x)
0 an 9
=

x -1 x0
Differentiabilita (n 1) =
f(x0) a(x x)-
+ -

Af(x,x0)
=
f(x0)
·

Lareta
y
= a(X x))
+ -

f(x0) ·
f(x)
:
- - - - - - - -

a
tangente at
prefico
↓finX0s
!
him Af(x,x0) =
0 (A) x⑤ x

X X0
-
x -
x0

one Af(x,x.) f(x) = -

[f(x-) a(x
+ -
x0]

Dato che Af(x,x0) f(x)

=
-
f(x0) - a

x-
X0 x -
xy

(*) role so a solo se 7

lim f(x1 -
f(x0) f'(0)
==

X +
X0 x -
xo

In
questo caso dciam chefdifferentiable in to
Piano
tangenta
Sia f:AC(R" 1R
->e
p (p1,..., Pn)
=
- A

I
generico piano passante (p,,..., Pn,f(ph) in IR**:
pen

t -

f(p1,..Pu) 01(X,
=
-
p,) +... Qu(xu -
pu)

t f(p) =

a.(X -

1)
&adefinit
-

tim f(x) -

[f(p) a(1
+
-

11] 0
↑ affinchi
cosi

is
=

12 pier sis
x
-p
-

1/
tangente.
-t f(x,xz)
=

⑧
1

p.) P2)
(x1,X2,t):t f(p) a,(x, a.(xc -
+
=
- -

↑
10y,a2, -
1)

X2

/
↓ p (P.,P2)
=

X,
Piano
tangenta
Sian f: Ac(R" -1Re p (p1,..., Pn)
=
- A

I
generico piano passante (p,,..., Pn,f(ph) in IR**:
pen

(x,,...,Xn,t):t -

f(p) a1(X,
= -

P1) ..
+
an(X
+ -
Pn)

=
a -

( -

p)

Conditiona
tengeuta:
tim f(x) -

[f(p) 2
+
(x- p)]
0
=

x
- |X p)
p
-

-t f(x,xz)
=

⑧
1

p.) P2)
(x1,X2,t):t f(p) a,(x, a.(xc -
+
=
- -

↑
10y,a2, -
1)

X2

↓
/ p (P.,P2)
=

X,
 ACIRY 1
Bef: differentiable in
i
-
>
sa

esists tale canlim f(x) [f(p) E.(X- 1)]

+
-

a
per 0
=

x ->
p 1x -

Teorema ↑

2)Sefi differentiable in
1, allowe fcontinuein

b) se fi siferentichile in
I
alone a (0, .
=

. .
., aj)
e do
olato

lim f(P1,... Pitt.... Pul -

f(R)
aj
=

+ -> 0 t

=
2xjf(p) 2jf(I) =

·(P.,Pz t)+

⑦ Vf(p)
= =

(21f(p),...Gjf(p),..) ·

P1,P)
Bf:ACIR" -> R
I differentiable in
p se

esists tale canlim f(x) [f(p) E.(X- 1)]

+
-

a
per 0
=

x ->
p 1x -

Teorema ↑

a) Sef differentiable
a in
1, allow tocontinuein

b) Set a differentiable in
I,
allows is rettone a (0,..., an)
=

soolsh's fa

F(P1, f(P)
aj
lin
=

t 0
->
..., pj +t,... pu)
t
-

2x;f(x 1,...,Xn))x 1
=

ie
& secondo member a laderivate
particle of simpette
ellavariabila
xj

It bettore (0x1f(X), ...,

2x.f(x)) UfCC =

grediente
Dim if differentiable in
p=> of continuou

[f(p) a.(X 1)
1:7: f(x)
him
f siff. In
- + -

0
=

x
p
->
(x -

17

==> Vp>74570s
(f(x) [f(p) a.(x
8 -

p)])
=

=>
B
+ -
-

(x -

pl
=> (f(x) -
f(p) -
a(x -
1)/ <B1x -

31

== (f(x) -

f(p)) p(X =
-

p) +
18 .(X 1)) -

= B(X 1) - +

18)(X -

1)
CS

B((x)
=
+

p)x @

scytiousp <min
35,03
Unol hre (x- p) < 8 =) (f(x) -
f(p)) < I
 i- we
him f(P1...pi + t...pu) -

f(P) ajei 10........)

= =

+
- x
t
tej
-

f(1 tej)
+ -

[f(p) 8(1 tei

+
+
-
1)]
lin -
-
0

t-0 |tej)
-
-
~

⑦ .
ej
7f(p)
-
tin
a
↑

+zot
~

)
·
rex
=

#aj aj
=
 lin f(x,y) - +
⑧
[f(X0,401 Vf(X0,40).(X x0,4 40)]
- -

(X,y) (Xu,70) ((x,y1 [X0,y0)| 1

-

-
0
t(0)
=

tv

- Nox,y)
V (070) 75
= +

-
↓
>3 55

05]
M
↑
ein f(*0,301 w)
+ -

[(X0,30) +*
t -0 tIv/

f(x)
0
=
3
=

+00 aifat)
- Wf(x0,40 =

(xf(X0,90) hinf(X0=
t,y0)
+
-
f(X0,y0)
+- 0 t

by f(X0,90) =
ein f(X0,40 +1
+ -
f(X0,4)
+ 10
t

Vf(X0,ys) ((yf(...), byf(...)

=
Dim
a) sia
I differentiabits in QuindiJ
I a:

lin f(x) -

[f(p) a.(X
+ -

)] 0
=

x -

p |x -

p)

cide p
X x 07 S (0,1)
+

|X p(XS
-
1(f(x)
= -
f(p) a(x
+ -
p)) +
B
|x -

p|

=> (f(x) f(p)/Xp(x -

-

p1 +

1a/B <
- B(S (a)) p(1
+

< 1a))
+

rogic for reduce the fi continuein

p.
Prana a >
n

Scelgo Ba, two asows it

preceskute.
panto

Felto!

b) Usanolo f(X) -
f(p) 1)(x + -

p), sttengo pax p tej

= +

(P1,00., pj +t,... Pn) t

=

che Z.(x- 1) taj,(X p)

= - =

lin f(p,....pitt,... pul -

[f(p) ast]+

0
=

+->0
t

0 che lim f(P1, ..., Pitt, ...

Pu) -
f(p) aj
=

+ 10 t
 directionalSia
Derivate v (v1,
=

..., W.) un
qrdsiasiwettors
shi154

Laderivatein siration osif, se esiste, I datadal

limite

Duf(p) = lim f(k +1) + -

f(f)
+ 1> 0 ↳

Adesempio se
ej (1,...
=
5,...0)
linf(P1,...pi f(P)
Pojf(p) 1....Pu)
ajf(p)
-
+
=
=

t -> 0 -

TerramaI formula del

predicate]
So differentiabila
of in allowspen sfR*
p, ogni

Syf(p) =

Vf(p) .w

Dn: islentice a (b).

Riassumenoo:TGCP)
(Zf(p),..., f(p)
=
-> GRADIENTE

f differentiabilein so
a a solo se him f(1+2) -

[f(p) h
+
.vf(p)] 0
=

a - 0 |h|

her
qual caso Dvf(p) Vf(p).5 =
 directionalSia
Derivate v (v1,
=

..., W.) un
qrdsiasiwettors
shi154

La derivatein sliration osif, se esiste, datadal

I

limite

Duf(p) =

Teorema 1x
 f(x,y) ly(x yyz)
=
+
+
e ouH.in (40,401 =(0,0)

calcobe VE(X0,70)

2xf(X0,40) him
=
f(X0 t,y0)
+
-
f(x0,40)
+ ->0 ↳

=
him log((x0 1)
+
(0
+ +
30] -
fy(x0 2y)
+

+ a0
t

~
g((0) h(x0)
=
=

love
g(t) =
Cog(0 7) (x
+ + +

40")

h(x) 2y,3)
20y(x
=
+

I ↑

h(x +t1 -

h(X!

u'(x,
[ vx
=

y8
+
(1
+

=y,)Ix
1
x-
=
 2xf(x,y) =

x
x y
(1
Eiy)
+

byf(x,y) =

*
(xi yu (
iyz)
2 +
+

ES: f(x,y)
xy/2xf(x,y)
=

2xy
=

2xf(x,y) f(x t,y) f(x,y) (x t)"y x-y

L
lin
+
+ -
-
=
=

+ ->0 t t

x y 2xxy 4e xy
y
+
+ -

2xy
= +

7yJ 2xy
=
Esempio
Dimostre cha f(x,y) 2x
= x y
i differentiabile in (0,0)

Solutione Vf(0,0) 20] +

+
y2 +
y-] yz)
x x x
2
2xf(x,y) 2,[zx 4x2z
- - -
=

⑦ = e 22
=
- x =
0

7 =
x

+ x3 yz
2yf(x,y) 2y[2xe
x
y)
↓
+
-

4xy
=
e
=

differntiobilite: [2,07 y 0
=

Verifica
-/
him ⑫ (71 - +

(2,07.[x,y]
[f(0,0) Vf(0,0)[(x,y) (0,01] -

(X,y(-(0,0) 1(x,y) -

10,01/

x+ yz
1
-

him
[e
2x -

=
0

(x,y) (0,0)
[X' y-) /2
-
+

g(x,y)
[eT(sina
2010)
1/
-

127800
18(ye0s0,72u0)1
-

f
 [eT"(sine
2010)
1]/
-

127800
18(yes0,720))
-

f
uso asintotic et t
(et -
1) 27
=

2
=2 1850) f (sin0 -
2010)
- -
= 1 =2
2
< 49 -05710
Esempio
x-y i
f(x,y)
-

Dimostre cha 2xa

=
differentiabila in (0,0)

1) Sefidifferentiable, allow(f10,0 esists. Si ha

t
linf(t,0 7(0,0)
-

2t
zf(0,0) lin
=
-
e
=>

-
- 0
t + 10 t

=
1

f(0,0) =>
lin
+ 10
f(0,
t1- f(0,0) 0
=

quinoh Vf(0,0) (2,0) =

(u,v).(2,0)
Si haaxlesspa z (u,5)
=

him f(0 u,0 0)

+
+ -
[f(0,0) (u,v).Vf(0,0)]
+

(u,5)-(0,0 1(u,v))
-
u 02
+

lim
=
2ue - 2u

u,v-(0,0) (u2 12(Y2

+

(n+12)
him
=
2u -
e - 4] =
lim -
2u(u- v2) +

v2/z
(u2 v3)"2
(u,0) - 10
+ ↓ (u,v)-0(uz +

lin.notevok

0!
=
eft - 1
Eampia Si simostri che

x2y (x,y) (0,0)

S
=

f(x,y) x yz
&
+

(0,0)
(x,y)
=

a continuain
·

10,01

proguid
/

Sooplisfor Peoso,sina) (10,01 (sOl"s8

· =

↓
·
Non sufferentiable in (0,0)

lim fctcoN, trin0) -

f(0,01
+ 10
t
Continuite
f(x,y)
inya (x,y) (0,0) Fine.
=
=

lin f(x,y) 0
=

+(010, ri8)

!
(x,y) ->
(0,0)

27 2505,7

1
If(9000, 1001
1 (800) 11an8
=
=

pe 10

flepsin
aidtyf
=
01
+
=- 1
<
1 +8
as
+ 18

sef fosse differentietile

P(0,0,2na) f(0,0) 0f(0,0).(200,si8)

=

-
-
0

Peoso, f
(0,0) lin
=
f(tes0, 5an8) -
f(0,01
and
=10

lin
=
E(,0)'sn8
+20 t

os
=
"
Wf(0,01 [Perso,vino, :

Beach,an4x] [0,0] =
 Esacizio

Sicalclino la derivate partial

hinf(x0 7,y0) f(x0,70)
zf(X0,y0)
+
-
=

+ -> 0 t

f(x0,y0 f(x0,y0)
Eyf(X0,y0) him
= t1
+ -

t -> 0
t
di1 R la funtions
in
ognipento per
(x,y) (0,0)
9
5
f(x,y)
=

xy (x,y) (0,0) (2)

-
x
yz
+

e si dice sedifferentiable in
(0,00 0,0) =

Solutions
m
 Esacizio

Sicalclino la derivate partial

hinf(x0 7,y0) f(x0,70)
zf(X0,y0)
+
-
=

+ -> 0 t

f(x0,y0 f(x0,y0)
Eyf(X0,y0)
=
him t1
+ -

t -> 0
t
di1 R la funtions
in
ognipento per
(x,y) (0,0)
9
5
f(x,y)
=

xy (x,y) (0,0) (2)

-
x
yz
+

e si dice sedifferentiable in
(0,00 0,0) =

Solutions
m

se(x,y) = (0,0), 10funtions of deto

a oha (2) in an informs,
quindi
2x(xy).(x y))
+ xyzy(x +y3) y(x +y3) y(y2 x")
zf(x,y) =
-

=
-
xy.2x -

(xz y2)2+ (x- y2)u

+
(x2 y2)2
+

2f(x,y) x(x - yu)

=

(xz y2)z+

Se (x,y) (0,0)
=

bisogue called;limiti directaments. Si ha

 ·[F(7,8
y/y =11]
hinf(t,0) f(0,0)
zf(0,0)
-
=
=
=

+->5

f(0,t) f(0,0
2f(0,9
-
= lim - - 0
-

- 10 t

in
sooffosse sufferentiable 10,01 si arable

lin f(x,y) -
[f(0,0) -

2f(0,0).X -

27(0,03] -
-
O

(x,y) -(0,0) 1(X,y) -

(0,0)/

tutteriaquesto
equivale a

lim xy
⑰
(x,y) >(0,0) (x- y-(3/2
+

scegliendo lacanva x =
y, tultavia

him
x+ 0
[ (x2 y23x)
x y

x
=

21 x
x2
13
7 =
+ 0

y
+

limite in # existe
quindsit non

Donena:eoso
m possions
dire a
glialtarpanti (x,y)
in
adifferentiabilita