Project Based Learning Report

On
“RAIN WATER ALARM CIRCUIT”

Submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirements

For the Project based learning in ELECTRONIC COMPONENT AND
DEVICES
In
Electronics & Communication Engineering
By
2314110488 Dipanshu Saikia
2314110426 Deepesh Kumar Choudhary
2314110433 Suraj Bhatt

Under the guidance of Course In-charge

Prof. SHARDA TONDARE

Department of Electronics & Communication

Engineering

Bharati Vidyapeeth
(Deemed to be University)
College of Engineering, Pune – 4110043

(Academic Year: 2023-24)

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 Bharati Vidyapeeth
(Deemed to be University)
College of Engineering, Pune – 4110043

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS & COMMUNICATION

ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE

Certified that the Project Based Learning report entitled, “Rain water alarm circuit” is done by
2314110426 Deepesh Kumar Choudhary
2314110433 Suraj Bhatt
2314110488 Dipanshu saikia

in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of credits for Project Based Learning
(PBL) in electronic components and devices of Bachelor of Technology Semester I, in
Electronics and Communication.

Date: /10/2023

Prof. Sharda Tondare Dr. Arundhati A.Shinde

Course In-charge HOD

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our gratitude and appreciation to all who allowed us to complete this
report. Special thanks are due to our HOD Dr. Arundhati A Shinde and our guide, Prof. Sharda
Tondare who gave stimulating suggestions and encouragement during helped us in the time of
fabrication process and in writing this report. We also sincerely thank our faculty of the EC&D
for correcting our mistakes whenever we did to make it successful for us to complete this
project.

We would also like to acknowledge with much appreciation the crucial role of the staff in the
EC&D Lab who permitted us to use the lab equipment and machinery & permitting us to use
all the necessary tools in the laboratory.

By: -
Dipanshu Saikia 2314110488
Suraj Bhatt 2314110433
Deepesh Kumar Choudhary 2314110426

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 INDEX

SR. No. Tittle PAGE NO.

1. Introduction 5-7

a) Components list 5

b) Components specifications 6-7

2. Rain water alarm circuit 8-10

3. Result 11

4. Outcome 12

5. Conclusion 13

6. Future Impact of Rain Water Alarm circuit 14-15

7. Reference 16

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 Introduction

➢ Rain Alarm Project is a simple but very useful project that detects Rain (Rain Water) and
automatically triggers an alarm or buzzer.

➢ Water is a basic need in every one’s life. Saving water and proper usage of water is very
important.

➢ In this project the buzzer will activate when there is rain, so that we can make some
actions for rain water harvesting and also save the rain water for using it later.

➢ With the help of saving this rain water through rain water harvesting, we can increase the
levels of underground water by using underwater recharge technique.

➢ Rain water detector will detect the rain and make an alert; rain water detector is used in
the irrigation field, home automation, communication, automobiles etc. Here is the simple
and reliable circuit of rain water detector which can be constructed at low cost. In this
project, we have designed a simple Rain Alarm Circuit, which, upon detecting rain, will
activate a buzzer. Based on the buzzer, we can take necessary actions

Components used for the Circuit: -

• 10V buzzer

• 9V battery

• NPN BC547 Transistor

• Toggle Switch

• LED Strip

• 2x (general purpose) blades

• Connecting wires

• Resistor

COMPONENTS SPECIFICATIONS
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BC547 (NPN Transistor): BC547 is a bipolar junction transistor (BJT). It is kind of
an NPN transistor. It has three terminals: Emitter, Collector and Base.

• DC Current Gain (hFE) is 800 maximum

• Continuous Collector current (IC) is 100mA
• Emitter Base Voltage (VBE) is 6V
• Base Current (IB) is 5mA maximum

Battery (9V): The 9V battery is an extremely common battery that was first used in
transistor radios. It features a rectangular prism shape
that utilizes a pair of snap connectors which are
located at the top of the battery. It acts as a voltage
source in a circuit.

LED: An LED is a two-lead semiconductor light source, which emits lights when
activated. When an appropriate voltage is applied to the LED terminal, then the
electrons can recombine with the electron holes within the device and release energy
in the form of photons. This effect is known as electroluminescence. The color of
the LED is determined by the energy band gap of the semiconductor.

• Colour: White (made of GaN)

• Forward Voltage (VF): 3.3V to 4.1V

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BUZZER(10V): A 10V buzzer is a type of electronic component that produces an audible
sound or tone when an electrical current is applied to it. The "10V" specification likely refers
to the operating voltage or voltage rating of the buzzer.

• Operating Voltage: The operating voltage of the buzzer is 10V This means that it
should be powered with a 10V direct current (DC) voltage source for optimal
performance.

• Sound Output: Buzzer components are often rated in terms of sound output in
decibels (dB). The sound output can vary depending on the specific buzzer model,
so check the datasheet or product specifications for the exact sound output level.

Switch: Switches are common electronic components used to control the flow of electrical
current in a circuit

• Toggle Switch: These are simple on/off switches that can be toggled between two
positions.

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 Applications Of
Rain water alarm circuit

❖ In the irrigation, it will detect the rain and immediately alert the farmer.

❖ In automobiles, when the rain detector detects the rain, it will immediately active the
wipers and inform the driver.

❖ In communications, it will boost the power of the antenna and increase the signal
strength to send or receive the signals.

❖ In normal house hold, with the help of rain water detector we can automatically save the
rainwater. (This can be done only when home automation is done and there is proper
equipment to save the rain water. In this, rain water detector will detect the rain and helps
to switch on the equipment which will automatically save rain water for different
purposes).

❖ This can also be used if there is a chemical rain also. This is very common in industrial
areas.

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 Principle of
Rain water alarm circuit

❖ If there is no rain, the resistance between the contacts will be very high as there will be no
conduction between the blades.

❖ If there is rain, the water drops will fall between the blades (as water conducts current) it
will make the current flows through the circuit.

❖ As a result, the wires on the other blade which is connected through NPN transistor so,
the when the current is completed and current is there it will make the buzzer activate when
there is water between the blades and the alarm rings.

❖ The rainwater alarm circuit works by detecting rain and triggering an alert in the form of
an audible alarm (buzzer) or visual indicator (such as an LED).

❖ Rain Detection: The rain sensor is placed in an outdoor location where it can be exposed
to rain. When raindrops fall on the Blade (between the blades), they create a conductive
path between them. The conductivity of the sensor increases as more raindrops are detected.

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 Circuit diagram of
Rain water alarm circuit

The basic idea behind this circuit is to use the Blades as a sensor to sense Rain water.
When Rain water falls between the blades, they make a path for current to flow, and by
this when the circuit is completed the buzzer and LED gets activated.

Here's how the components are connected in the circuit:

1.Rain Sensor: the blade1 is connected with emitter of the transistor and blade 2 is
connected to the base of transistor
2.Buzzer: Buzzer’s negative is connected to the collector of transistor and positive
with the LED’s negative polarity follows by positive of LED to switch along with
the 9V battery.

This circuit diagram represents the basic connections between the rain sensor, Arduino, and
the buzzer.

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 RESULT

Figure 1: Model of rain water alarm circuit Figure 2: Buzzer and LEDs active

Figure 3: Rain water alarm circuit (on general

purpose board)

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 OUTCOME

Understanding Transistor Switching: Through this project, we gained a practical

understanding of how NPN transistors, specifically the BC547, can be used as
electronic switches. We learned how to control the flow of current from collector to
emitter based on the voltage applied to the base terminal.

Circuit Design and Analysis: The project required the design and analysis of a
simple yet effective electrical circuit. We learned how to calculate resistor values to
limit current and control the behavior of the transistors

Practical Electronics: Assembling and testing the project allowed us to apply

theoretical knowledge of electronic components to a real-world application. We
learned about component placement, wiring, and troubleshooting issues that arose
during construction.

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 CONCLUSION
In embarking on this project focused on the development of Rain water alarm system, we
have delved into a world of electrical engineering and semiconductor technology, with a
specific emphasis on Bipolar Junction Transistors (BJTs) and transistor biasing and its
working on our circuit. We successfully made our circuit using the principle of transistor
biasing. The circuit is working perfectly

-A rainwater alarm project, which utilizes a rain sensor to trigger an alert when it starts
raining, represents a practical and environment responsible approach to water
management. This project has several valuable outcome and benefits, making it a
worthwhile endeavor for individuals and communities alike.

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 FUTURE IMPACT OF AUTOMATIC STREET LIGHT
CONTROLLERS

The development and widespread adoption of rainwater alarm systems and rainwater
harvesting have the potential to make a significant impact on various aspects of society,
the environment, and individuals' lives in the future. Here are some potential future
impacts:
1.Water Conservation and Sustainability: Rainwater harvesting, facilitated by rainwater
alarm systems, can contribute to the conservation of freshwater resources. This practice
can help reduce the strain on municipal water supplies, which is particularly important in
regions with water scarcity and in the face of climate change.

2.Reduced Flooding and Erosion: Collecting rainwater before it runs off into storm
drains can help mitigate urban flooding and prevent soil erosion. This can lead to safer
and more resilient communities.

3.Environmental Benefits: By reducing the amount of stormwater runoff, rainwater

harvesting can improve the quality of local water bodies and reduce pollution. It can also
support local ecosystems by providing moisture during dry spells.

4.Financial Savings: Individuals and businesses that harvest rainwater can reduce their
water bills, especially in regions where water is expensive. Over time, these savings can
be substantial.

5.Resilience to Droughts: In areas prone to drought, stored rainwater can serve as a

valuable backup source of water for essential needs like irrigation, sanitation, and even
drinking water with proper purification.

6.Education and Awareness: Rainwater alarm projects and associated educational

programs can raise awareness about water conservation, environmental responsibility,
and sustainable practices. This can lead to a more environmentally conscious and
informed society.

7.Technological Advancements: Continued development in rain sensor technology and

microcontroller systems may lead to more efficient and cost-effective rainwater alarm
solutions in the future.

8.Community Initiatives: Rainwater harvesting projects can foster community

engagement and cooperation. Neighbors and communities may work together to
implement rainwater collection systems, leading to a stronger sense of social
responsibility.

9.Urban Planning Integration: Urban planners may incorporate rainwater harvesting

into the design of buildings and infrastructure, further promoting sustainability in cities.

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10.Global Impact on Water Management: On a larger scale, the adoption of rainwater
harvesting practices can contribute to better overall water management worldwide. It can
help reduce the pressure on freshwater resources, reduce the need for costly infrastructure
projects, and promote environmentally sustainable practices.

The future impact of rainwater alarm systems and rainwater harvesting depends on factors
such as technological advancements, regulatory support, public awareness, and
environmental challenges. However, as a sustainable and responsible approach to water
management, these practices are likely to play an increasingly significant role in water
resource conservation and management in the coming years.

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 REFERENCE

1. www.youtube.com/watch?v=Apf-_iOBK74

2. https://www.instructables.com/

3. www.circuits-diy.com/simple-rain-sensor-alarm-using-bc547-transistor/

4. https://components101.com

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