Project Based Learning Report

On
“THEVENIN’S THEOREM”

Submitted in the partial fulfillment of the requirements

For the Project based learning in (ELECTRICAL
TECHNOLOGY)
In
Electronics & Communication Engineering
By
2314110488 Dipanshu Saikia
2314110426 Deepesh Kumar Choudhary
2314110433 Suraj Bhatt
2314110439 Sonali Malge

Under the guidance of Course In-charge

Prof. RITIKA ASATI

Department of Electronics & Communication

Engineering

Bharati Vidyapeeth
(Deemed to be University)
College of Engineering, Pune – 4110043

(Academic Year: 2023-24)

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 Bharati Vidyapeeth
(Deemed to be University)
College of Engineering, Pune – 4110043

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRONICS &

COMMUNICATION ENGINEERING

CERTIFICATE
Certified that the Project Based Learning report entitled, “Thevenin’s theorem” is
done by
2314110426 Deepesh Kumar Choudhary
2314110433 Suraj Bhatt
2314110439 Sonali Malge
2314110488 Dipanshu saikia

in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of credits for Project Based
Learning (PBL) in Electrical Technology of Bachelor of Technology Semester I, in
Electronics and Communication.

Date: /10/2023

Prof. Ritika Asati Dr. Arundhati A.Shinde

Course In-charge

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We would like to express our gratitude and appreciation to all who
allowed us to complete this report. Special thanks are due to our
Principal Dr. Vidula Sohoni, our HOD Dr. Arundhati A Shinde and
our guide, Prof. Ritika Asati who gave stimulating suggestions and
encouragement during helped us in the time of fabrication process
and in writing this report. We also sincerely thank our faculty of the
ET for correcting our mistakes whenever we did to make it successful
for us to complete this project.

We would also like to acknowledge with much appreciation the

crucial role of the staff in the ET Lab who permitted us to use the lab
equipment and machinery & permitting us to use all the necessary
tools in the laboratory.

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 INDEX
SR. No. Tittle PAGE NO.

1. Thevenin’s theorem 5-7

• Statement
• Procedure

2. Components used 8

3. Convention to solve circuit 9

4. Example 10-13
(theoretical)
5. RESULT 14-15

6. conclusion 16

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 Thevenin’s Theorem
Statement

Thevenin’s theorem states that it is possible to simplify any

linear circuit, irrespective of how complex it is, to an
equivalent circuit with a single voltage source and a series
resistance.
OR
Any two-terminal DC network can be replaced by an
equivalent circuit consisting solely of a voltage source and a
series resistor

THEVENIN’S EQUIVALENT CIRCUIT

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 Thevenin’s Theorem
Procedure

STEP 1:- Remove that portion of the network where

Thevenin equivalent circuit is found. This requires that
the load resistor RL be temporarily removed from the
network.

STEP 2:- Mark the terminals of the remaining two-

terminal networks

STEP 3:- Find VTH (by mesh analysis)

STEP 4:- Calculate RTH by first setting all source to zero

(Remove Voltage source with a short circuit & Current
source with an open circuit) and then finding the
resultant resistance between the two marked terminals.

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STEP 5:- Draw the Thevenin’s equivalent circuit with
the portion of the circuit previously removed replaced
between the terminals of the equivalent circuit.

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 Components used
➢ 2x PCB Board
• Main Circuit
• Thevenin’s Equivalent circuit
➢ 5x Resistors
• 12kΩ resistor
• 4kΩ resistor
• 8kΩ resistor
• 5kΩ resistor (Load resistor)
• 11kΩ resistor (equivalent circuit) RTH
➢ 48V input DC source (main circuit)
➢ 12V DC source (equivalent circuit) VTH

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 Convention To Solve
Circuit
❖ When you travel along a branch against the direction of the
current flowing, take the voltage for resistance R as positive
voltage drop or + IR.

❖ When you travel along a branch in the direction of the current

flowing, take the voltage drop for the resistance R as negative
voltage drop or - IR.

❖ When you apply KVL consider the direction of current in a loop

clock wise always whatever may be the sign of the current or
actual direction of the actual current.

(EXAMPLE CIRCUIT)

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 Example

Q. Find the current flowing through and volage across

the 5kΩ resistor (Load resistor) using Thevenin’s
Theorem.

SOLN

STEP 1: Remove the load

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STEP 2: Mark the terminals of the remaining two-
terminal networks
STEP 3: Find VTH (by mesh analysis)

VTH= 12V
STEP 4: Calculate RTH
Remove the Source (Voltage source with a short circuit
& Current source with an open circuit)

RTH= R3 + (R1 II R2)

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 RTH= 8kΩ + (12kΩ II 4kΩ)
RTH= 8kΩ+3kΩ
RTH=11kΩ

STEP 5: Draw Thevenin’s Equivalent circuit

Appling

IL= 12/ (11kΩ + 5kΩ)

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 IL= 12/ 16KΩ
IL= 0.75mA
(Load Current)

Now,
VL= IL x RL
VL= 0.75mA x 5kΩ
VL= 3.75V

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 RESULT
By solving the Circuit, we found out the
Theoretical Values are found to be: -
➢ By Main Circuit:
• Thevenin’s Equivalent Voltage
VTH= 12V

• Thevenin’s Equivalent Resistance

RTH=11kΩ

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➢ By Thevenin’s Equivalent Circuit:
• Current Across Load Resistor
IL= 0.75mA

• Voltage Through Load Resistor

VL= 3.75V

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 Conclusion

Thevenin's theorem is a fundamental concept in

electrical engineering. Its main conclusion is that
any linear electrical network with multiple
components (such as resistors, voltage sources, and
current sources) can be simplified into a single
voltage source (the Thevenin voltage) in series with
a single resistor (the Thevenin resistance). This
simplified equivalent circuit can accurately
represent the original network when viewed from
a specific pair of terminals.

In summary, Thevenin's theorem allows you to

replace a complex network with a simpler
equivalent circuit, making it easier to analyze and
solve electrical problems.

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