CWTS 2: FIRST AID AND BASIC LIFE SUPPORT LECTURE

First Aid is the emergency care or treatment given to an ill or injured person before regular
medical aid can be obtained.
Aims/Objectives of First Aid
 Preserve Life
 Prevent Deterioration
 Promote Recovery
Characteristics of being a good first aider
 Gentle
 Resourceful
 Observant
 Tactful
 Emphatic
 Respectable

SOFT TISSUES INJURY

• Wounds- A break in the continuity of tissue of the body either internal or external.
Classification of wounds
• Open wound-The outer skin is broken. The break in the skin can be minor or
severe
• Closed wound- Is a wound where the OUTER LAYER OF THE SKIN is
INTACT, and the DAMAGE LIES BELOW the surface.
• Burn- An injury to the skin including muscle, bone, nerve and blood vessels resulting
from exposing to heat, chemicals, electricity and radiation.
POISINING
Poison is any substance; solid, liquid or gas that tends to impair health or cause death
when introduced into the body or onto the skin surface.
Ways in which poisoning may occur
 Ingestion- Introduced into digestive tract by way of the mouth.
Signs and Symptoms
 Altered mental status
 History of ingesting poisons
 Burns around the mouth
 Odd breath odors
 Nauseas, vomiting
 Abdominal pain
 Diarrhea
First Aid Management
 Try to identify the poison
 Place the victim on its left side
 If they do vomit, then put some of this into a bag or container and give it to the
healthcare professionals along with any other clues.
 If they become unresponsive, open their airway, check their breathing and
prepare to give CPR.
 Inhalation
Signs and Symptoms
 History of inhaling poison
 Breathing difficulty
 Chest pain
 Cough, hoarseness, burning, sensation in the throat.
 Cyanosis
 Dizziness, headache
FIRST AID AND BASIC LIFE SUPPORT
Prepared by: Roann D. Bangis
TSU Faculty
  Seizure, unresponsive

First Aid Management

 Remove the victim from the toxic environment.
 Seek medical attention
 If they become unresponsive, open their airway, check their breathing and
prepare to give CPR.

 Injection
Signs and Symptoms
 History of exposures
 Liquid or powder on the skin.
 Burns
 Itching, irritation
 Redness, rashes
First Aid Management
 Remove the clothing
 With a dry cloth, blot the poison from the skin.
 If the poison is dry powder, brush it off,
 Flood the area with copious amount of water
 Continually monitor the patient’s vital signs.
 If they become unresponsive, open their airway, check their breathing and
prepare to give CPR.
 Absorption
Signs and Symptoms
 History of exposures
 Liquid or powder on the skin.
 Burns
 Itching, irritation
 Redness, rashes
First Aid Management
 Remove the clothing
 With a dry cloth, blot the poison from the skin.
 If the poison is dry powder, brush it off,
 Flood the area with copious amount of water
 Continually monitor the patient’s vital signs.
 If they become unresponsive, open their airway, check their breathing and
prepare to give CPR.

FIRST AID AND BASIC LIFE SUPPORT

Prepared by: Roann D. Bangis
TSU Faculty
HEAT EMERGENCIES
Heat emergencies or illnesses are health crises caused by exposure to hot weather
and sun.

FIRST AID AND BASIC LIFE SUPPORT

Prepared by: Roann D. Bangis
TSU Faculty
BASIC LIFE SUPPORT
Are emergency procedure that consists of recognizing respiratory or cardiac arrest or
both and the proper application of CPR to maintain life until a victim recovers, or advanced life
support is available.
Respiratory Arrest
Respiratory arrest is a type of breathing emergencies which occurs when breathing
has stopped.
 Respiratory Arrest – (-) Breathing (+) Pulse
 LLF – Look, Listen and Feel (10 seconds)
 Opening of Airway:
 ADULT (13y/o above) – Maximum Head
Tilt Chin Lift
 CHILD ( 12 y/o – 1 y/o) – Neutral Plus Position
 Infant (Newborn-1y/o) – Neutral Position

FIRST AID AND BASIC LIFE SUPPORT

Prepared by: Roann D. Bangis
TSU Faculty
CARDIAC EMERGENCIES

Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation is a combination of chest compression and rescue

breathing.
Cardiac Arrest (-) Breathing
(-) Pulse
Adult and Child – CAROTID PULSE
INFANT – BRACHIAL PULSE

TABLE OF COMPARISON ON CARDIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION FOR ADULT,

CHILD AND INFANT

FIRST AID AND BASIC LIFE SUPPORT

Prepared by: Roann D. Bangis
TSU Faculty