POLITIQUE ET ECONOMIE APPLIQUE AUX ETATS-UNIS

CHAMMOUMA Inès
Analyse IA Compilatio : 27%
Le sujet n'est pas traité, l'ensemble est confus et ne puise absolument dans les
thématiques abordées en cours : 5/20
L'analyse Compilatio laisse par ailleurs penser que tu as massivement eu recours à
l'intelligence artificielle pour rédiger ton travail : 0/20

A journalist from the Wall Street Journal said that the election of Barack Obama in
2008 was "moving and beautiful, and speaks to the unending magic and sense of justice of
our country", and that it deserved careful analysis. This statement shows the profound
significance of Obama's election in a difficult American political and social context. Indeed,
this election has generated a great deal of hatred, violence, and incomprehension in the
country.

The election of Barack Obama in 2008

Obama's election sparked strong emotions, especially among minority communities
such as women, Hispanics, African Americans, and young voters. Throughout his campaign,
there were a considerable number of rallies, especially during his speeches. It all reflected a
general enthusiasm to have change and to be able to support a different man. Moreover, on
election night, many spontaneous celebrations broke out across the country, symbolizing
Obama's hope and promise of change.
The election of Barack Obama was more than just a political event, it was a symbolic
moment in the history of the United States. As the 44th president, Obama became the first
African American president to mark an important milestone in the fight against for civil rights
and racial equality. His election was seen as a sign of progress for the country bringing a
more diverse and inclusive image. He also focused his campaign on the theme of change
with an iconic slogan "Yes We Can". He promised a better future for partisan divisions. Her
His campaign has also reached the world by symbolizing a new political era on social media.
As a result, his speech on race in Philadelphia respondeds to his pastor's controversial
comments on race issues, including Jeremiah Wright in a video in which he ignites other
races, while Obama advocates reconciliation and unity.
However, Obama faced a global financial crisis during his campaign that did not
facilitate his election. Indeed, the 2007 crisis due to the collapse of the real estate markets
and the accumulation of subprime mortgages, is at that time at its peak. Obama will not fail
to remind during his speech at Grant Park, all the challenges to come regarding the situation.
When he took office, this was one of these priorities, he tried with his administration to put in
place emergency measures to stabilize the financial markets, he called in particular an
emergency rescue plan called TARP (Troubled Asset Relief Program).
Le sujet ne portait pas sur l'élection d'Obama, mais sur la déclaration faite par la
journaliste.

The Jim Crow era

Transition ? Quel rapport avec ce qui précède ?
POLITIQUE ET ECONOMIE APPLIQUE AUX ETATS-UNIS
CHAMMOUMA Inès
The Jim Crow era, a period following Reconstruction after the American Civil War, was
characterized by segregationist laws on all aspects of daily life. These laws were established
to maintain white supremacy and deny equal rights. Clans such as the Ku Klux Klan have
used violence, intimidation, and terrorism to maintain this social control. For example, there
were laws prohibiting African Americans from using the same facilities as whites for racial
separation in transportation.
In addition, tactics to deprive African Americans of their right to vote, such as requiring them
to take discriminatory literacy tests, have also emerged. It was only in 1965 with the Voting
Rights Act that these practices were abolished but challenges still persisted. Economic
inequalities also persisted for a very long time, taxes against African Americans could be
applied and access to education was not the same, predominantly Afro-American
neighborhoods Americans have benefited from far fewer educational resources and public
services than white supremacy neighborhoods. A final point to address this white
supremacy and African American differences and inequalities. We are talking about the
Ghettos, these underprivileged neighborhoods in the United States that are often
characterized by racial disparities, with a high concentration of African American and Latin
populations. Crime problems are numerous and uncontrollable. But Obama has launched a
criminal justice system to reduce racial injustice in these neighborhoods and
initiatives such as My Brother’s Keeper have been launched to support young men of color
including through better quality education from infancy to the university. Many companies,
organizations and foundations are partners.
Despite all these challenges, civil rights movements have emerged. Leaders such as
Booker T. Washington, W.E.B Du Bois and later Martin Luther King Jr. fought to end racial
segregation and discrimination. Let’s go a little deeper into the details of these movements
and the actions of the different protagonists. Booker T. Washington was an educator and civil
rights advocate who recommended that African Americans seek education and economic
autonomy rather than oppose segregation. W.E.B Du Bois advocated political activism and
the fight against social and political equality. He co-founded the National Association for the
Advancement of Colored People (NAACP) in 1909 to defend civil rights. Martin Luther King
Jr. who is probably the most famous civil rights leader is a defender of non-violence, he led
protests for campaigns to end segregation and to obtain the right to vote for African
Americans. His iconic "I Have a Dream" speech in 1963 became one of the most famous. It
is also well-deserved to mention Rosa Parks who in 1955 refused to give way to a white man
on a bus thus triggering boycotts of the Montgomery bus, which then led to a broader
mobilization for civil rights. All of these people and actions have played a role in raising
awareness of racial injustices and have helped change and stopped the Jim Crow era to
ensure equal rights for all American citizens.
Transition ?
Issues and violence related to race
All racial prejudices were very evident throughout the campaign. Discussions about
Obama citizenship have fueled various stereotypes. A movement was written after that, the
"birthing" movement that precisely questioned his citizenship. Indeed, this movement falsely
managed that Obama was born abroad and therefore was not eligible for the presidency of
the United States. Since Obama was born in Honolulu, Hawaii, in 1961, these unfounded
claims are largely discredited. All this was clearly motivated by racial prejudices and the
context of his election allowed this movement to grow without solid evidence.
POLITIQUE ET ECONOMIE APPLIQUE AUX ETATS-UNIS
CHAMMOUMA Inès
Other prejudices tried to portray Obama as a secret Muslim, which caused confusion
as Obama always claimed to be a Christian and often attended the Baptist church in
Chicago. Many letters, media spoke about this history of religion but again nothing was
founded.
Many racial tensions also emerged more strongly during his campaign, including the
violence that marked that period and highlighted the persistent racial divisions. Racist
posters and speeches have appeared during political rallies, and reports have been made
that posters, posters, and hateful slogans against Barack Obama have been repeated.
Posters often associated racist images with offensive racial stereotypes. Media and social
networks contribute to amplifying these incidents instead of raising public awareness of
issues of racism and discrimination. So, in an era where the election symbolized a magical
moment turned towards a more inclusive society, tensions and divisions were still at their
peak.
Nevertheless, the election of Barack Obama in 2008 was historic and helped break
some racial stereotypes in the United States. A concrete example is that Barack Obama
conveys an image of leadership that challenges the racist stereotypes often associated with
black men.
Barack Obama has often been described as a calm, thoughtful and determined leader during
his campaign and throughout his tenure. His eloquence, intelligence, and temperament
challenged long-standing racial stereotypes in the United States, which often described black
men as aggressive, impulsive, or unable to lead peacefully.
Obama’s approach, characterized by restraint and prudence, has helped change the way
some Americans view black leaders. He showed that black leaders can embody dignity,
intelligence and competence and go against negative stereotypes.
However, despite these symbolic advances, it is important to note that Obama’s presence as
president has not eliminated all racial prejudice in American politics. Issues of race and
racism remain, and subsequent governments have also faced challenges related to race
issues.
Prejudice is often deeply rooted in society, and while great progress has been made, much
remains to be done to achieve a truly egalitarian society free of racial prejudice. President
Obama’s election certainly paved the way for more in-depth discussions on race and
diversity, but it also highlighted the fact that fighting prejudice is an ongoing process.

In response to the words of a Wall Street Journal reporter who described the 2008
election of President Barack Obama as "moving and beautiful, and speaks to the unending
magic and sense of justice of our country”, it is extremely important to be aware of this.
Dimensions of this historical event. President Obama’s election was certainly a powerful
emotional, symbolic, and hopeful moment, but it also brought to light the reality of America’s
persistent racial problems.
The emotions surrounding this election were palpable. Millions of people felt a personal
connection to President Obama’s message, which embodied the idea that America could
overcome its historical divisions. The diversity of the coalition that supported his candidacy
reflected the hope that the nation would come together despite its differences. But this
sentiment must not overshadow the complex realities that continue to exist in this country.
POLITIQUE ET ECONOMIE APPLIQUE AUX ETATS-UNIS
CHAMMOUMA Inès
The election of President Obama represented a major step forward in the fight against
institutionalized racism like that of the Jim Crow era. The fact that an African American could
hold the highest office in this country was in itself an act of justice and showed that racial
barriers can be broken. His powerful symbols as president, including the first African
American family in the White House, helped change perceptions and inspire generations.
However, this election did not resolve all racial issues. Deep-rooted prejudices and
challenges were evident during President Obama’s campaign. Violence, racist personal
attacks and even civil rights issues have shown that America continues to struggle with
deeply rooted prejudices.
In addition, the legacy of the Jim Crow era continues to be felt through persistent socio-
economic disparities and inequalities. The structural problems that defined this dark period in
American history remain, recalling that the struggle for justice and equality is an ongoing
process.

In conclusion, the election of Barack Obama in 2008 was an important moment in

American history, full of emotion, symbolism, and hope. But to truly prove this country’s
“magic and unlimited sense of justice”, it is essential that we recognize the current
challenges, confront the remaining prejudices, and continue to work for a more inclusive and
just society. Obama’s election was an important, but not decisive, chapter in the evolution of
the fight for justice in the United States.