30.

Fill In the blanks with the right linkers: (Four marks each)

1. Aesop is a figure clouded in so much mystery and legend that it is

difficult to know ___________ can be said about him. It is also strange to
believe _____________this world famous man was born a slave in the sixth
century BC. _____________ slaves were bought and sold frequently. Aesop’s
Greek master gave him liberty ___________ he was impressed by his learning
and wit.
(because, that, what, when)
Ans: What, that, when, because.

2. Alok was happy ____________he was selected to take part in the car race.
He gladly went where the race was to take place. He was given a car kit
________________ he could build the body of the car using small pieces of
wood. Alok asked Abhi ______________he would help him. Abhi refused.
______________Alok did not give up; he set out to make the car.
(When, so that, however, it)
Ans: When, so that, if, However.

3. The rains had failed ____________ all the wells and tanks had run dry.
____________ overcome the problem the municipal authorities sunk a
number of bore wells. ______________they could supply water to the citizens.
_____________the situation was brought under control.
(Thus, so, therefore, in order to)
Ans: Therefore, in order to, so, thus.

4. In the summer, the rumour of a famine swept through the province.

___________was a baseless one, ____________the crops were actually growing
well. _______________ the weather was perfect for a humbler harvest.
______________on the strength of that rumour, thousands of small formers
abandoned their farms and fled to the cities As a result of this, crops failed,
thousands starved and the rumour about the famine proved true.
(Which, moreover, because, but) Ans: Which, because, moreover, But.

1|NRH ENGLISH
5. Using a word processor for writing has a number of advantages. One of
the biggest advantages is ____________the writer can process quickly
_____________ easily. It can make changes in what has been written.
___________ using a type writer, it is necessary to type large parts of the
passage again __________changes need to be made. However, with a word
processor changes can be made with very little effort.
(if, and, that, while)
Ans: That, and, while, if.

6. There was a king who had one eye and one leg. ___________he asked all
the printers to draw a beautiful portrait of him. ______________none of them
could. How could they paint him beautifully with the defects in one eye and
one leg? ____________one of them agreed and drew a classic picture of the
king. _____________it was a fantastic picture and surprised everyone. He
painted the king aiming for a hunt, targeting with one eye closed and one
leg bent.
(and, but, eventually, however)
Ans: But, However, Eventually, and.

7. The young man took refuge in Don Gonzalo’s house. He went to

Seville,___________ then came to Madrid. He wrote letter to Laura
___________ they were intercepted by her parents____________ in despair, he
joined the army. __________ he met a glorious death in the war.
(But, and, at last, then)
Ans: And, but, then, At last

8. There was ___________a guillotine for cutting the heads off __________ an
executioner in Monaco. ___________ the ministers wrote could lend them a
machine ____________an expert to cut off the criminal’s head.
(And, neither, so, nor)
Ans: neither, nor, so, and.

9. __________all this rivalry between Tammanna and Basavaiah looked like

healthy competition, ____________it took a new turn. __________it rose to
such a pitch that there was no land lelt in the village for them to buy. All
land belonged to ___________Tammanna or Basavaiah.
(However, either, to begin with, gradually)
Ans: To begin with, however, gradually, either.

2|NRH ENGLISH
10. The General of Monaco asked each of his soldiers to cut the criminal’s
head off_________ no soldier came forward to do it. ___________the minister
of Monaco assembled a commission _____________ they appointed a
committee and subcommittee. ___________they decided that the best thing
would be to alter the death sentence to one of life imprisonment.
(Besides, but, at last, therefore)
Ans: But, therefore, besides, at last.

11. The kingdom of Monaco was a peaceful and peace loving country.
___________they did not feel the need to keep an army or a police force.
___________once, a murder was committed there. _____________they were
forced to look for ways to try and punish the criminal. ______________they
decided to give him a pension and send him away.
(but, eventually, so, then).
Ans: So, but, then, eventually.

12. ____________Roof would have put it. Then he had received a strange visit
from the leader of the POP campaign team. _______________he and Roof were
well known to each other, ____________might even be called friends, his visit
was cold and business like. No words were wasted. He placed five pounds
on the floor ___________ Roof.
(before, and, although, as)
Ans: As. Although, and, before.

13.______the old man came to the garden one day _________ walking
hundreds of miles, the owner of the garden free and relaxed. _________the
owners wife was worried _______her husband became lethargic and shied
away from hard work.
(but, when, because, after)
Ans: When, after, but, because

14. Tammanna ________Basavaiah were rivals. If Tammanna bought four

acres of land, Basavaiah ______ followed suit. ______all this looked like
healthy competition ______, gradually it rose to such a pitch that there was
no land left in the village for them to buy.
(also, and, however, in the beginning)
Ans: and, also, in the beginning, however

3|NRH ENGLISH
15. Laura was so beautiful _____she was known as ‘The Silver Maiden’ in
her locality. Laura was in love with Gonzalo _______her parents did not
approve of this _____they wanted her to marry a merchant. There was a
fight between the merchant and Gonzalo _____the merchant was badly
wounded.
(but, instead, in which, that)
Ans: that, but, instead, in which

16. German kings used to keep gaming houses ____some years ago they
were forbidden to do so. They stopped it _____ these gaming houses did so
much harm _____ the Germans prohibited their rulers to make money in
this way. _____ gambling is a dirty business, the King of Monaco had to
resort it.
(because, although, so,but)
Ans: but, because, so, although

17. Our past is nothing __________ a sequence of dreams. Book are the great
memory of all centuries of the past. __________ their function is
irreplaceable. __________ books disappear, then __________ History would
disappear.
(surely, but, therefore, if)
Ans: - but, Therefore, if, surely.

18. If Tammanna bought four acres of land, Basavaiah also followed suit.
__________ one had ten friends, the other got fifteen admirers. __________ all
this looked like healthy competition. __________ it rose to a feverish pitch.
__________ it led to unhealthy rivalry between the two of them.
(gradually, initially, finally, if)
Ans: - If, Initially, Gradually, Finally.

19. Eating soup in Japan is more dangerous than anything else. __________
Eating soup, one must make a fearful noise as it is a sign of appreciation.
__________ a European who tries to make such a noise will be considered an
ill – mannered lout __________ it is not liked by the Japanese hostess.
__________ one must be careful in Japan if she is offered soup.
(while, because, therefore, however)
Ans: While, However, because, Therefore.

4|NRH ENGLISH
20. Roof was a young and energetic man. He never left his village __________
seek work in the towns __________ decided to remain in the village to guide
his people. __________ he was very popular. __________ he was an expert in
election campaigning.
(moreover, but, in order to, so)
Ans: - in order to, but, So, moreover.

21. Rufus Okeke came back to his village __________ the completion of his
bicycle repairer’s apprentice from Harcourt. __________ he wanted to help
and guide his people in the coming elections. Then he supported PAP with
all his heart and soul __________ had to change his mind in the end
__________ vote for both the parties.
(but, after, and, because)
Ans: - after, Because, but, and.

22. There was no executioner nor a guillotine to execute the criminal.

_____________ it was decided to imprison him for life. _________ the only
problem was that there was no suitable prison for a man sentenced to life.
_______ they found a small room _____________ kept the criminal there.
(and, hence, but, however)
Ans: hence, but, however, and

1. The special revenue came from a gaming house, __________ people played
roulette. Some of the little German Sovereigns used to keep gaming houses
of the same kind __________some years ago they were forbidden to do so.
The reason they were stopped was __________ these gaming houses did so
much harm. A man would come and try his luck __________ he would risk
all he had and lose it.
(because, then, where, but)

2. The criminal refused to go away __________ they had ruined his

character __________ people would turn their backs on him __________ he

5|NRH ENGLISH
had got out of the way of working. He said they might do as they liked,
__________ he would not go away.
(but, for, besides, and)

3. The criminal received one third of his pension in advance __________ left
the kingdom. __________ crossing the frontier, he settled down on a bit of
land. __________ he started market gardening __________ fetched him good
profit and he lived peacefully and well.
(and, later, after, which)

4. The criminal remained in the prison for a year. __________ when a year
had passed, the kinglet was shocked to see the amount spent for his
keep. __________ he summoned his council to consider the matter. The
council considered _________ reconsidered __________ they decided to
dismiss the guard who watched the criminal.
(finally, but, therefore, and)

5. The death sentence was altered to life imprisonment. This would enable
the Prince to show his mercy __________ it would come cheaper.
__________ there was no strong prison fit for permanent use. __________ they
managed to find a place __________ would serve the purpose.
(but, and, which, however)

6. The gardener started narrating the story of Tammanna and Basavaiah to

the owner’s wife. __________ proceeding with the story, he started fumbling
for words __________ he had made a mistake. The owner’s wife was
not interested in the story. She felt like going away __________
stayed back __________ she did not want to hurt the old man.
(but, after, as though, as)

7. Rivalry between Tammanna and Basavaiah looked like healthy

competition in the beginning. __________ it rose to such a pitch __________
they started competing in buying each acre of land in the village.
__________ no land in the village was left for buying. Even then Basavaiah
was not happy __________ he had 200 acres less than Tammanna.
(because, finally, gradually, that)

8. Basavaiah sent word that he was prepared to buy Tammanna’s 200 acres
of land. This made Tammanna furious. __________ he said he was prepared
6|NRH ENGLISH
to buy all the land __________ belonged to Basavaiah. __________ Basavaiah
forcibly acquired 200 acres of Tammanna’s land. __________ the enmity
between them became fierce and sucked in all their supporters.
(as a result, in turn, which, instead)

9. Japanese who live on a hopelessly overcrowded island have to respect one

another’s privacy __________ rather, would have to __________ they had any
privacy. __________ they don’t __________ courtesy has a double function in
Japan.
(but, if, or, so)

10. Japanese are said to be well-mannered __________ they respect each

other’s privacy. You can conduct your most confidential business
transactions and love-quarrels in public __________ in perfect privacy.
Anybody could listen in __________ nobody does. __________ a telephone-
receiver is a man’s castle in Japan.
(yet, therefore, but, because)

11. Nobody hurries in Brazil. The people of Brazil are leisurely __________
they seem to have all the time in the world __________ decorate the
pavements they walk on, __________ the drivers in Brazil drive so fast
__________ every tenth of a second is of grave importance.
(in order to, and, however, as though)

12. Bowing in Japan is not only quainter but infectious __________ spending
some time in Japan, one starts bowing _ _ he or she has been there
forever when a person bows, it is too deep or not too deep enough
the outsider is not familiar with the complexities of bowing.
(as though, after, however, because)

13. Motor cars are extremely expensive in Brazil __________ of crippling and
murderous import duties. __________ almost everyone owns a car here.
__________ the roads in Brazil have heavy traffic. __________ the pedestrian’s
life is becoming more hazardous every day.
(thus, hence, yet, because)

14. Roof was a young and energetic man. He never left his village
__________ seek work in the towns __________ decided to remain to guide
7|NRH ENGLISH
his people. __________ he was very popular. __________ he was an expert in
election campaigning.
(moreover, but, in order to, so)

15. Everything was moving according to plan. __________ Roof had received
a strange visit from the leader of POP campaign team. __________ he and
Roof were well known __________ might even be called friends, the visit
was business-like. He placed five pounds on the floor before
Roof. __________ Roof spoke his eyes never left the red notes on the floor.
(and, although, then, as)

16. Roof was a very popular man in his village. __________ the villagers did
not explain it in so many words, Roof’s popularity was a measure of their
gratitude to an energetic young man __________ unlike most of his fellows
nowadays, had not abandoned the village __________ seek work, any work in
the towns. And Roof was not a village lout __________.
(who, although, either, in order to)

17. Roof’s heart nearly flew out __________ he saw the iyi __________ he
knew the fame of Mbanta well. __________ he was certain that a single vote
would not defeat Marcus. __________ he agreed to swear on the iyi.
(hence, when, however, as)

18. Cycling made women independent __________ it reduced their

dependence on men. __________ it gave them a sense of freedom.
__________ they had to put up with vicious attacks on their character
__________ all women in Pudukottai learnt cycling.
(more over, as, even then, but)

19. Cycling has had very definite economic implications. It boosts their
income __________ for sellers it cuts down on time wasted in waiting for
buses __________ it gives them much more time to focus on selling their
produce. __________ it enlarges the area they hope to cover __________ it
increases their leisure time, too.
(thus, firstly, furthermore, on top of that)

8|NRH ENGLISH
 SSKC PRE-UNIVERSITY COLLEGE. K.R.PETE
2nd PUC ENGLISH
PRONOUN WORKSHEET

II. What do the underlined words in the following extract refer to? (1X4=4)

I. Sheela Rani Chunkath encouraged the rural women in her district to buy the bicycles.
She ordered the banks to sanction loans to them. Most of the women bought the
bicycles. The bicycle helps them a lot. It is the symbol of progress. Sheela Rani was
honoured for her support.

Ans: She: Them:

It: Her:

2. Ravi designs the trophies handed over to the winners. These are presented to them
with a grand ceremony. Though Ravi was not a sportsman, his passion for designing the
trophies is outstanding. He has his workshop in West-Bengal where he has been living
since childhood.

Ans: These: Them:

His: Where:

3. The Western Ghats are well known for their rich and unique assemblage of flora and
fauna. Twenty live biodiversity hot-spots are identified in the World and Western Ghats
are one among them. The Ghats are home thousands of animal species of which at least
325 are globally threatened. They are also home to many indigenous people who are on
the very of extinction.

Ans: Their: Them:

Which: Who:

4. My mother listens to bhajans in the Kitchen while she prepares our food. My dog,
Vicky, sits at the door Of the kitchen and sniffs the aroma of it with his tongue sticking
out. He will sit there till she gives him a piece of What she is preparing

Ans: She: It:

His: There:

1|D r .N.R .HIR EMATH , SS KC PU C OLL EG E

5. The Gregorian solar calendar was named after King Grigory XIII, who introduced it in
1582. The Julian Caesar’s time, also astronomers believed that the sun revolved around
Earth, they still managed to make fairly accurate measurement. People all over the
world still use the calendar and they are happy with the same.

Ans: Who: It:

They: They:

6. The US Navy says it will use a new technology which enables it to use robotic patrol
boats with no sailor on board. The technology is adopted from NASA's rover on Mars.
This will transform the operation system of the US navy. The admiral who was
instrumental 1n introducing, this technology was Mathew Klunder.

Ans: It: Which:

This: Who:

7. Hans offered to go with volunteer team which was going back into the sea to rescue
the lone survivor who had been left behind. Hans’s mother pleaded him not to go, as he
was all that she had in the world.
Ans: which : who :
him : she :

8. The king was upset and sad to see his wife heartbroken. He was finding ways to make
her laugh. On the day of Gai Jatra, a procession passed in front of the palace and the
queen stood watching it. The participants began ridiculing the important people and
the social system. Seeing them, the queen could not hold back her laughter.
Ans: his : her :
it : them :

9. Rivers continue to be a very important source of food. Apart from being a rich source
of fish, they indirectly aid the agriculture which is a major occupation of people across
the world. Farmers in dry regions, where rains are scarce, irrigate their cropland using
water carried by irrigation canals from nearby rivers.
Ans: they : which :
where : their :

2|D r .N.R .HIR EMATH , SS KC PU C OLL EG E

10. Whenever one of the couriers leaves any city, he takes his dispatches in one hand
and the whip with bells in the other, which he keeps shaking. Upon hearing the sound,
another man comes out in the next city and takes these dispatches so that he can
deliver them to the next city. As a result the Sultan receives his dispatches in a very
short a time.
Ans: he : which :

them : his :

11. Salim took the rare looking bird to his uncle and asked him what kind of bird it was.
His uncle examined it and was unable to satisfy Salim’s curiosity. He took Salim to
W.S.Millard, who was surprised to see such a young boy keen about birds. Millard took
Salim and showed him many stuffed birds at the society, where he worked.
Ans: Him: It:

who: where:

12. Colonel Rankin opened his parachute, it blossomed out over him, and another
tremendous blast battered his body, with wind and hail. He could withstand its force,
suddenly he felt being pulled up by a current of air and he was floating in the clouds,
which enclosed him from all directions.
Ans: It: His:

its: which:

13. Bernard Shaw’s legendary musical hit became a popular film. It is the story of an
English professor who meets a young flower girl in a train, where she was singing and
selling flowers. He was fascinated by her voice and appearance. So he decided to train
her and teach her English. Very soon he transformed her into a refined lady.
Ans: It : where :

her : he :

14. There are many Sphinxes in Egypt, and their heads represent the kings who had
once ruled over the land. When a king died he himself was supposed to become the ‘Sun
God’. The Egyptians worshipped and had great faith in the Sun God, whom they trusted
would protect them from evil powers.
Ans: Their: himself:

whom: them:

3|D r .N.R .HIR EMATH , SS KC PU C OLL EG E

15. Confucius was born into a family of lowest level of aristocracy. They led a poor and
miserable life. Unfortunately his parents died when he was very young. Their death
completely shattered his life and he was forced to grow up in poverty, which taught him
the hard realities of life.
Ans: They : his :

their : which :

16. Dining places provided meals every day at a fixed place. These were started in the
15th Century. By the middle of the 16th century, town people made it a habit to dine
out. They paid a shilling, which was quite affordable. Many taverns became the meeting
places of leading people. Shakespeare, who lived in London, was a regular customer of
Mermaid tavern.
Ans: These : They :

which : who :

17. A copy editor checks grammatical errors and misspelling that might lead to
confusion. He corrects them and makes the story easier to read. If the story is too long it
is again edited down to the right size. An eye catching headline is added to make the
reader interested so that he will further recommend the story to his associates.
Ans: that : He :

it : his :

18. Amelia chose Fred Noonan as her navigator in her second attempt, because he was
skilled and experienced. They departed on June 1st from Miami where she left behind
some things, to make room for additional fuel which was essential for them to fly on
long route.
Ans: her: he:

where: which :

19. In Egypt, wild cats preyed upon rats that were destroying grains which were stored
in granaries. In Rome, cats were treated as working animals and not much respect was
given to them. The Europeans owned cats for fancy. They started breeding them at
home. In Japan, the beckoning cats were seen as lucky since their charm was believed
to protect households.

Ans: which: them :

They : their :

4|D r .N.R .HIR EMATH , SS KC PU C OLL EG E

26. Complete the following by filling the blanks using the right form of
the verb given in brackets:
1. Cycles have become the most popular means of transport in
Pudukkottai. Women ______________ (See) cycling to their work places. Their
dependence on men ______________ (reduce). An all-women’s cycling rally
______________ (organise) as a part of this drive.
Ans: can be seen, has been reduced, was organised
2. Ministers _________________ (summon) and it _________________ (decide)
to sentence the murderer for life and a guard _________________ (place) to
look after him.
Ans: were summoned, was decided, was placed.
3. The kingdom neither had a guillotine nor an executioner. Therefore, a
council ______________ (call). It (decide) to write a letter to the French
Government. The letter______________ (send)
Ans: - was called, was decided, was sent.
4. The criminal ______________ (sentence) for life. A guard
______________ (place) over him. Every day the food ______________ (bring)
by the guard from the palace kitchen.
Ans: - was sentenced, was placed, was brought.
5. The king of Monaco was looking over the accounts. A new item of
expenditure ______________ (notice) by him. In order to reduce this
expenditure, the guard ______________ (dismiss) and the criminal
______________ (ask) to run away.
Ans: - was noticed, was dismissed, was asked.
1|N R H E N G L I S H
6. Roof was a young man. He ________________ (know) to everyone in
Umuofia. The POP campaigner met him at night. No words
_____________ (waste) between them. Roof ________________ (give) five
pounds to vote for Maduka.
Ans: was known, were wasted, was given.
7. The kingdom of Monaco was a peaceful and peace loving country. Once
a murder _________________ (commit) there. They _________________ (force)
to look for way to try and punish the criminal, at last, the criminal
_________________ (punish) for his crime.
Ans: was committed, were forced, was punished.
8. Roof’s Spirits _________________ (fall) but he let no one see it. All
morning, he _________________ (mask) his deep worry with a surface
exertion which was unusual. By this time, the spring ______________ (go)
clean out of his walk.
Ans: - had fallen, had masked, had gone.
9. The prince agreed to show mercy and so the matter ______________
(arrange). The only problem was that there was no suitable prison for a
person who _________________ (sentence) for life. However, there was a small
lock-up where people _________________ (keep) temporarily.
Ans: - was arranged, was sentenced, were kept.
10. The gaming houses _________________ (keep) in German Sovereign,
because the source of revenue_________________ (collect) from them, but a
few years ago they _________________ (forbid) to do so.
Ans: were kept, was collected, were forbidden.
11. Once a murder _________________ (commit) in the kingdom of Monaco.
The committee _________________ (force) to look for the ways to punish the
criminal. Finally, the punishment _________________ (give) to him.
Ans: - was committed, was forced, was given.
12. Roof’s spirits feel when he _________________ (ask) to cast his vote.
He_________________ (worry) and confused. He took out his ballot paper
from his pocket and looked at it. He _________________ (confront) by the car
and the head.
Ans: - was asked, was worried, was confronted.
2|N R H E N G L I S H
26. Complete the following by filling in the blanks using the right form
of the verb given in brackets. 3x1=3
1. A few years ago a murder _________________ (commit). The case
______________ (try) in the most judicial manner. The criminal
_________________ (sentence) to death.

2. A letter _________________ (send) to the French government. A prompt

reply_________________ (receive). It said that a machine and an expert
_________________ (could supply) but the cost would be 16,000 francs.

3. The general ______________ (call). He______________ (ask) to find a soldier

who would cut the man’s head off. The general talked it over with the
soldiers. But the soldiers said, “It is not a thing we ______________ (have,
teach).

4. The guard ______________ (dismiss). It _________________ (decide) to offer

the criminal a pension. The pension fixed was 600 francs. This
______________ (announce) to the prisoner.

5. A crime was reported to the Prince of Monaco. The Prince ______________

(amaze), for a murder ______________ (commit) in his toy kingdom. The
ministers ______________ (summon) to discuss the matter.

6. In the toy Kingdom, a council ______________ (call) to consider what

______________ (could, do). It ______________ (decide) to send a letter to the
king of Italy.

3|N R H E N G L I S H
7. The king of Italy was a brother monarch, and ______________ (might,
induce) to do the thing cheaper. So the letter_________________ (write), and a
prompt reply ______________ (receive).

8. The Council met again. The General ______________ (summon) and he

_________________ (instruct) to ask his soldiers if they ______________
(prepare) to cut the criminal’s head off.

9. The Prince agreed to this, and the matter______________ (arrange). There

was a small lock-up where people_________________ (keep) temporarily. The
young fellow ______________ (put) there.

10. After the duel the gallant lover fled Valencia. Many letters _____________
(write) by him to his beloved. Since no reply ________________ (receive), he
thought that they ________________ (intercept) by her parents.

11. When Gonzalo entered the park, his usual bench _______________
(occupy) by the priests. He __________________ (annoy) and his servant,
Juanito _______________ (ask) to rout them out.

12. One afternoon, just at sunset, as the first stars were appearing, the
silver maiden _______________ (seen) to leave the house. She sat upon a rock
and her gaze _______________ (fix) upon the horizon. The tide rose with a
boom and she ________________ (sweep) out to sea.

13. Laura got up to go home. She __________________ (support) by her maid.

She turned her head and __________________ (surprise) to see Gonzalo
picking up the violets which _______________ (drop) on the ground.

14. Tammanna came to the plantation after walking hundreds of miles. He

_________________ (appoint) to look after the garden. The workers were
happy as their problems __________________ (solve). The income improved

4|N R H E N G L I S H
dramatically but a change in the owner’s lifestyle __________________ (notice)
by his wife.

15. Basavaiah had 200 acres less land than Tammanna. So Tammanna
_______________ (ask) to sell his 200 acres to Basavaiah. This
_______________ (reject) by Tammanna. Instead, a demand _______________
(place) that Tammanna was ready to buy all his land.

16. Basavaiah tried to outshine Tammanna in his own way. A palatial

house _______________ (build) by him. A number of persons _______________
(appoint) just to praise him. Scholars, poets and musicians _______________
(invite) to his place.

17. Privacy had double function in Japan. Mikes ________________ (surprise)

to notice Japanese attitude towards privacy. Though telephones
___________________ (situate)in the open, confidential business transactions
___________________ (conduct) with ease.

18. Bowing in Japan was closely observed by Mikes. Bowing _______________

(do) in an oriental and formal manner. One’s social rank and status
_________________ (reflect) when two persons bowed to each other. In many
cases there were clear cut rules and they ________________ (observe) without
difficulty.

19. Mikes visited a Japanese house. He __________________ (offer) a bowl of

soup. While eating soup it ___________________ (expect) that he should make
a fearful noise. He knew that if Europeans made sound, they
__________________ (considered) to be ill-mannered louts.

20. Drivers in Brazil were very dangerous. Once they __________________

(seat) behind the steering wheel, no speed was fast enough for them. If a
pedestrian stepping off the pavement _______________ (notice), he
__________________ (regard) as fair game.
5|N R H E N G L I S H
21. Roof was a young man. He ________________ (know) to everyone in
Umuofia. The POP campaigner met him at night. No words ________________
(waste) between them. Roof ________________ (give) five pounds to vote for
Maduka.

22. Marcus Ibe was the PAP candidate. He ________________ (warn) about
the radical change in the thinking of Umuofia. So five months’ salary
________________ (draw) in advance. His campaign boys ________________
(arm) with eloquent little jute bags.

23. Marcus Ibe was extremely generous to Roof. He ________________ (ask) to

lend one of his many robes by Roof. When Marcus Ibe’s wife objected, she
________________ (rebuke) publicly by him. Roof won a land case because he
________________ (drive) by a chauffeur to the disputed site.

24. Roof received a strange visit from the POP campaigner. Though the
campaigner and Roof ________________ (know) to each other, his visit was
cold and business-like. No words ________________ (exchange) between
them. When the visitor placed five pounds on the floor, Roof
________________ (mesmerize) by the picture of the cocoa farmer.

25. Marcus was doing things in grand style. A high life band from Umuru
________________ (hire) by him and it ________________ (station) at a distance
from the voting booth. Marcus sat in his car when last minute advice
__________________ (give) to voters by Roof and others.

26. The man nudged his companion and he brought forward an object that
________________ (cover) with a red cloth. It was a fearsome little affair. It
________________ (keep) in a clay pot and feathers ________________ (stick)
into it.

27. The rural women of Pudukkottai found a way of hitting out at their
backwardness. Cycling _________________ (choose) as a medium in doing so.
6|N R H E N G L I S H
Cycling _________________ (learn) by over one fourth of all rural women. The
new skill _________________ (display) by over 70,000 of these women.

28. Arivoli played an important role in the cycling movement. A number of

training camps __________________ (arrange) by Arivoli. In order to
encourage bicycling, songs _______________ (sing) by neo-cyclists. The
UNICEF _________________ (impress) and sanctioned fifty mopeds for Arivoli
women activists.

29. Cycling gained momentum gradually. Though dirty remarks

______________ (make), women paid no attention. Scores of young women
________________ (train) by Jameela and her friends. A direct link
________________ (see) by a neo-cyclist woman between cycling and her
personal independence.

30. Now we often see a woman doing a four-kilometer stretch on her bicycle
to collect water. Even carting provisions from other places _________________
(do) on their own. But when this began, filthy remarks _________________
(make). Even then social sanction _________________ (give) to cycling by
Arivoli.

31. Gents’ cycles have certain advantages. These _________________ (prefer)

by some women as these have an additional bar from the seat to the handle.
A child _________________ (can, seat) on it. Carting provisions
_________________ (can, do) on their own.

32. It was the occasion of International Women’s Day in 1992. Pudukkottai

_________________ (take) by storm. The town’s inhabitants
___________________ (stun) by the all-women’s cycle rally. However, it
_________________ (approve) by all males.

33. In no time cycling became a way of life in Pudukkottai. It

________________ (introduce) as a tool of social change. Mobility, facilitated
7|N R H E N G L I S H
by cycling _______________ (include) as a part of literacy drive. The idea
______________ (propose) by Sheela Rani Chunkath, the district collector.

34. Cycling brought a mighty change in the life of women in Pudukkottai.

They started moving on their own. Dependence on men __________________
(reduce) to some extent. Provisions too __________________ (cart) from one
place to another and a four kilometer stretch _______________ (cover) on
their cycles to fetch water.

35. The District Collector’s main aim was to make literacy reach the
interior. So mobility __________________ (include) as a part of literacy drive.
Loans __________________ (provide) by banks for women to buy cycles.
Specific duties __________________ (allot) to each block to promote this drive.

8|N R H E N G L I S H
 2nd PUC

29. Fill in the blanks by choosing the appropriate expressions given in

the brackets: (2marks each)

1. (turn their backs, be hanged to, straight out)

The ministers decided to tell the criminal ____________ to run away. They did
so. But the criminal said that if he ran away people would ____________ on
him.

Ans: Straight out. turn their backs.

2. (take to, give up, zip alone)

In the heart of rural Pudukkotai, young women ____________ the roads on

their bicycles, JameelaBibi, who has ____________cycling told it was her
right.

Ans: Zip along, taken to.

3. (In a soup, landslide victory, in full swing).

The election campaign in Umuofia was ____________. All knew that the
honourable minister would have a ____________.

Ans: In full swing, landslide victory.

4. (cut-down on, put up with, go in for)

A lot of women in Pudukkotai were unable wait for 'ladies' cycles. Therefore
they had to ___________men's cycle. They knew that bicycles __________ time
wasted in waiting for buses.

Ans: Go in for, out down on.

1 | NRH ENGLISH
5. (look down at, tums its back, full of praise)

In Umuofia, everyone is ____________for Marcus Ibe. He is not like the

mortar which as soon as food comes its way ________________ on the
ground.

Ans: Full of praise, turns its back

6. (On the Verge of, to be in a fix, come to his rescue)

Politics had ____________ when Marcus Ibe was ____________ being dismissed
from his job as a mission school teacher.
Ans: - come to his rescue, on the verge of.
7. (one’s castle, all and sundry, listen-in)
The telephones are situated on a table or a counter in Japan. Anybody, any
passer-by could, ____________ but nobody does. The telephone-receiver can
be ____________
Ans: listen-in, one’s castle.
8. (on cloud nine, out of hand, in a fix).
The owner of the farm became lazy and wasted all his wealth. His wife
was ____________ and became apprehensive. Their life was gradually
getting ____________
Ans: - in a fix, out of hand.
9. (toss up, set up, pass by)
The young man____________ on horseback every morning down
the rose path under her window and ____________ to her balcony a
bouquet of flowers which she caught.
Ans:- passed by, tossed up.

10. (Cut down on, put up with, Go in for)

A lot of women in Pudukkottai were unable to wait for ladies’ cycles.
Therefore, they had to ____________ men’s cycle. They knew that bicycles
____________ time, wasted in waiting for buses.
Ans: - Go in for, Cut down on.

2 | NRH ENGLISH
11. (all and sundry, leaps and bounds, fair game)
The number of motor vehicles in Brazil is growing by_________ almost as if
cars were distributed free of charge to ____________
Ans: - leaps and bounds, all and sundry.
12. (put in, cuts down, swept across)
Cycling has ____________ Pudukkottai district. In this district all rural
women used cycles, because it ____________ on time wasted in waiting for
buses.
Ans: - swept across, cuts down.
13. (put up with, shied away, umpteen)
After the arrival of the old man the owner of the Garden became lethargic
and ____________ from hard work. Then gradually he was addicted to
adultery and other vices. His wife became helpless and had to ____________
him.
Ans: - shied away, put up with.
14. (make up, give up, took to)
Dirty remarks were passed by people when women ____________ cycling.
Women like Jameela and Fathima did not ____________They zipped along
the roads of Pudukkottai and continued to inspire others.
Ans: - took to, give up

3 | NRH ENGLISH
29. Fill in the blanks by choosing the appropriate expressions given in
the brackets: (2marks each)

1. (reckon up, gave up, look over)

The kinglet would _______________ the account of his income and

expenditure at the end of every year. When he noticed new items of
expenditure, he would _______________the cost of each item.

2. (straight out, to look over, to get rid of)

The council suggested that the only way _______________ the criminal was to
dismiss the guard. The guard was dismissed but the criminal did not run
away. So one of the ministers decided to tell him _______________ to do so.

3. (got out of the way, turn their backs, be hanged)

The criminal was asked to run away. But the criminal said that people
would _________________ on him if he did so. He also said that he had
_________________ of working.

4. (rake in, hard put to it, straight out)

There were about 7000 inhabitants in Monaco. The taxes fetched meager
income. Therefore the kinglet was _______________ to feed his courtiers and
himself. But he found a new source of income by which he could
_________________ money and lead a luxurious life.

5. (resign himself, idling away, take liberty)

Three priests were sitting on Gonzalo’s usual bench in the park and talking.
Gonzalo said that they were _______________ time. He could not tolerate their
sitting on his bench and ________________.

6. (know by heart, take liberty, make peace)

Gonzalo and Laura were annoyed with each other in the beginning. Gonzalo
told Laura that she could not ____________________ and comment on his
actions. However, the pinch of snuff he offered to her tried to
__________________ between them.

4 | NRH ENGLISH
7. (come to, by heart, take refuge)

Dona Laura and Don Gonzalo fail to realize what dreams ______________ .
However, they try to impress each other. When Laura seems to read without
glasses, Gonzalo does not know that she knows every word ________________

8. (make peace, take refuge, play havoc)

Both Gonzalo and Laura believe in destiny. They affirm that they were
separated from each other after the duel since destiny had decided to
__________________ in their life. Laura’s parents kept a close watch on her
and Gonzalo had to flee and _________________ in his cousin’s house.

9. (take recourse, push in, suck in)

The quarrel between Tammanna and Basavaiah rose to such a pitch that it
started to _________________ all their supporters. When Basavaiah forcibly
acquired Tammanna’s land, Tammanna was advised by his supporters to
___________________ to the police.

10. (gave up, chance upon, passed away)

Tammanna ______________ everything and went to a far off place. Basavaiah

was left with no reason to live. After some time Basavaiah _______________

11. (shy away ,well versed, better at)

Tammanna was _________________ in agriculture. As a result, the owner of

the garden started to ___________________ from hard work.

12. (in a flash, stay on, vanish into thin air)

The narrator says he conceived the story ‘The Gardener’ _______________.

The old man he met in a coconut grove had come to the garden seeking
work. The owner needed a man exactly like him and asked the old man to
_______________ .

13. (flesh and blood, vanish into thin air, out of hand)

Tammanna thought of yet another method of punishing Basavaiah. He

wanted to separate his songs from his own _________________ He wanted his
fame to _________________. Therefore he gave up everything and became a
non-entity.

5 | NRH ENGLISH
14. (all and sundry, turn a deaf ear, leaps and bounds)

In Brazil, the number of motor vehicles is growing by _______________,

almost as if cars were distributed free of charge to ____________________.

15. (fair game, to get into, look out)

In Brazil, the pedestrians are, in fact, on the __________________ for drivers.

As soon as a driver notices a pedestrian step off the pavement, he regards
him as ________________ .

16. (get into, come up, chance gesture)

The deer looked into Mikes’s eyes and bowed deeply. It was no
__________________. He thought that if they see people bowing all the time,
they _________________ the habit too.

17. (dear life, fair game, cut in)

The war between drivers is murderous but good-tempered. They

____________, overtake on both sides and force you to brake violently.
Therefore a pedestrian, while crossing a road, has to jump, leap and run for
_________________.

18. (to be in high spirits, to throw away, pass by)

Marcus knew that he would win but didn’t want _________________ a single
vote. So he asked his campaign boys to go one at a time and put in their
ballot papers. At this time Roof was weighed down by guilt but pretended
___________________.

19. (give up, face lit up, in a fix).

Roof was ___________________ as he had sworn on iyi that he would vote for
Maduka. However, on the day of election he wanted to hide it. Therefore he
did not _________________ his calm and confidence.

20. (looks down at, turns its back, full of praise)

In Umuofia, everyone was _________________ for Marcus Ibe. He was not like
the mortar which as soon as food comes its way ________________ on the
ground.

6 | NRH ENGLISH
21. (in a soup, landslide victory, in full swing)

It was the time of election. The campaign in Umuofia was _______________ .

All knew that the honorable minister would have a ___________________.

22. (leapt into, gave out, dashed off)

Roof was disturbed on the morning of the election. Suddenly a thought

_________________ his mind and he ________________ in his springy fashion
towards the booth.

23. (get a few, flew out, take away)

Roof’s heart nearly _________________ when he saw the iyi; Indeed he knew
the fame of Mbanta in these things. What could a single vote cast in secret
for Maduka _________________ from Marcus’s certain victory?

24. (turned a deaf ear, to come off, as a part of)

Sheela Rani Chunkath included mobility __________________ the literacy

drive. People made dirty remarks but the neo-cyclists _________________ to
these remarks.

25. (cut down on, put up with, go in for)

A lot of women were unable to wait for ladies’ cycles. Therefore they had to
________________ men’s cycles. They knew that bicycles would
_________________ time wasted in waiting for buses.

26. (brain child, swept across, go out)

Cycling has ________________ Pudukkottai. It has become a movement. It

was the ________________ of Sheela Rani Chunkath who was the former
District Collector.

27. (taken to, give up, zip along)

In the heart of rural Pudukottai, young woman ________________the roads

on their bicycles. Jameela Bibi, who has __________________ cycling told the
reporter that it was her right.

7 | NRH ENGLISH
28. (a way out, being struck by, turned out)

In Kilakuruchi village all the prospective learners had ________________ in

their Sunday best. You can’t help __________________ the sheer passion of
the pro-cycling movement.

8 | NRH ENGLISH
1. Look at the dialogue between a
ann American and Swami Ram Tirtha Using
this information complete the paragraph by writing suitable words or
phrases in the space provided.

American : Gentleman, where is your luggage?

Swami Ram Tirtha : My whole luggage is on my body.
American : Where is your purse?
Swami Ram Tirtha : I don’t possess any money with me.
American : Do you have any friend in America?
Swami Ram Tirtha : Yes, I have one; you are that friend of mine.

When Swami Ram Tirtha v visited

isited America, he came across an American
who asked him ………….. He replied to him that ……………… whole
luggage ……………… Then the American asked him Swami ………………
Ram Tirtha replied that ……………… The American asked ………………
Swami Ram Tirtha replied that ……………..

Ans: When Swami Ram Tirtha visited America, he came across an American
who asked him about his luggage. He replied to him that his. Whole luggage
was on his body. Then the American asked him where his purse was.
Swami Ram Tirtha replied that he didn’t possess any money with him. The
American asked if he had any friend in America. Replying positively Swami
Ram Tirtha replied that he had one and that he was that friend of his.

2.. Read the following dialogue and fill in the blanks with the appropriate
indirect forms.
rms. Yesterday Roshan attended an interview with the manager of
ICICI bank.

Roshan : May I come in, Sir?

Manager : Yes, come in. Sit down, what is your name?
Roshan : My name is Roshan.
Manager : Can you drive a car?
Roshan : Yes, I can. I have been driving for three years.
1|NRH ENGLISH
Ans: Roshan respectfully asked the Manager if he could come in. The
Manager asked him to come in and to sit. The Manager then asked him
what his name was. Roshan said that he was Roshan. The Manager asked
him if he could drive a car. Roshan told him that he could drive and added
that he has been driving for three years.

3. Customer : I must be at that meeting at once. I can’t spare

another minute.
Barber : I know all about the meeting.
Customer : Then you’ll let me go there?
Barber : I am afraid, 1 won’t, sir.

Ans: The customer informed the barber that he should be at that meeting
immediately. He added that he couldn’t spare another minute.
The barber replied that he knew all about the meeting.
The customer then wanted to know if the barber would let him go there.
The barber told him politely that he wouldn’t.

4. “Who is that lady?” the children asked their mother.

“She is a close friend, very dear to me,” said the mother.
“How come you never told us about her?” asked the children.
“When the time comes, you will know everything,” the mother replied.

Ans: The children wanted to know from their mother who that lady was.
The mother replied that she was a close friend who was very dear to her.
The children asked their mother why she had never told them about her.
The mother replied that when the time came, they would know everything.

5. Reporter : Congratulations Sachin! You have now another world

record to our credit.
Sachin : God is great, I only enjoy my cricket.
Reporter : After 200 not out in an ODI, what next? Can we hope
for 400 plus innings in a test match?
Sachin : I shall try my best.

Ans: The reporter congratulated Sachin since he then had another world
record to his credit. Sachin acknowledged that God was great and he added
that he only enjoyed his cricket. The reporter further asked what would be
the next record after 200 not out in an ODI. The reporter wondered if they
could hope for 400 plus innings in a test match. Sachin replied that he
would try his best.

6. Dona Laura : Do you use a handkerchief as a shoe brush?

Don Gonzalo : Why not?
2|NRH ENGLISH
Dona Laura : Do you use a shoe brush as a handkerchief?
Don Gonzalo : What right have you to criticise my action?
Dona Laura : A neighbour’s right.

Ans: Dona Laura asked Don Gonzalo if he used a handkerchief as a shoe

brush. When Don Gonzalo reported why he shouldn’t, Dona Laura further
asked if he used a shoe brush as a handkerchief. Don Gonzalo asked
angrily what right she had to criticize his action. Dona Laura replied that
she had the right of a neighbour.

7. Read the following conversation and complete the passage given below.

Policeman : What is her full name?

Woman : She is Veena Sharma.
Policeman : Can you describe her?
Woman : She is thin and fair in complexion.

The policeman asked the woman (a) _____ The woman replied (b) _____
Veena Sharma. The policeman further asked her (c) _____ The woman said
(d) ______ and fair in complexion.

a) (i) that was her full name (ii) what her full name is
(iii) what her full name was (iv) that what her full name was
b) (i) if she was (ii) that she was (iii) she was (iv) she is
c) (i) whether she could describe her (ii) whether she can describe her
(iii) if could she describe her (iv) if she can describe her
d) (i) that she was thin (ii) that she is thin (iii) if she was thin
(iv) if she is thin

Ans: a – (iii) what her full name was

b – (ii) that she was
c – (i) whether she could describe her
d – (i) that she was thin.

8.

3|NRH ENGLISH
Based on the following pictures, rewrite the dialogues in reported speech.

Ans: The man said in desperation that he had nowhere to go. He asked
helplessly what he could do. He further accused the judge that he had
ruined his character by his sentence. He added that people would turn their
backs on him. He remarked that he had treated him badly.

9.

How can l betray Marcus? I should not have accepted the money. Besides, I
have sworn on What should I do? I am in a fix.

Ans: He wondered how he could betray Marcus. He regretted accepting the

money. Since he had sworn on iyi, it was all the more reason that he should
not have accepted the money. He once again wondered what he should do.
He admitted that he was in a fix.

Report the following conversations: -

1. Dona Laura : Are you coming tomorrow?

Don Gonzalo : Most certainly, if it is sunny morning. And not only
will I not scare away the birds, but I will bring a few
crumbs.
Dona Laura : Thank you very much. Birds are grateful and repay
attention.

Ans: - Dona Laura asked Don Gonzalo if he was coming the next day. Don
Gonzalo replied that he would most certainly if it was a sunny morning. He
also promised that he wouldn’t scare away the birds, but would bring a few
crumbs Dona Laura thanked him and added that birds were grateful and
repaid attention.

2. She sat thinking, ‘All this is none of my concern’. The old man went
on, ‘His name was not Sangoji, but Basavaiah. I am amazed at how
facts take on such varied guises when it is narrated as fiction’.

4|NRH ENGLISH
Ans: She sat thinking all that was none of her concern. The old man went
on talking and said that his name was not [had not been] Sangoji. He further
said that he was amazed at how facts took on such varied guises when it
was narrated as fiction.

3. Don Gonzalo : I am fond of good verses. I composed some in youth.

Dona Laura : Were they good ones?
Don Gonzalo : Why do you ask me such a question?
Dona Laura : Don’t be angry.

Ans: Don Gonzalo said that he was fond of good verses. He said that he had
composed some in his youth. Dona Laura asked Don Gonzalo if they had
been good ones. Don Gonzalo asked Dona Laura why she asked him such a
question Dona Laura told Don Gonzalo not to be angry.

4. Petra : The guard is waiting for me.

Dona Laura : Do you like to chat with your guard?
Petra : He is not mine.
Dona Laura : Wait a moment.
Petra : What does the Senora wish?

Ans: Petra said to Dona that the guard was waiting for her. Dona Laura
asked Petra if she liked to chat with her guard. Petra said that he was not
hers. Dona Laura told Petra to wait a moment. Petra asked her mistress
what she wished for.

5. Dona Laura : Youth should have asked permission to sit on this

bench.
Don Gonzalo : The bench here are public property.
Dona Laura : Why do you complain about the priests, then?
Don Gonzalo : Are you taunting me?
Dona Laura : Don’t grumble.

Ans: Dona Laura told Dona Gonzalo that he should have asked permission
to sit on that bench. Don Gonzalo said that the benches there were public
property. Dona Laura asked Don Gonzalo why he had complained about the
priests then. Don Gonzalo asked Dona Laura if she was taunting him. Dona
Laura told Don Gonzalo not to grumble.

6. POP Campaigner : We want your vote

Rufus Okeke : How can I vote for Maduka?
POP Campaigner : Are you talking this money or not?
Rufus Okeke : Will it not be heard outside this house?
POP Campaigner : Don’t worry about it.
5|NRH ENGLISH
Ans: The POP Campaigner told Rufus Okeke that they wanted his vote.
Rufus Okeke asked the campaigner how he could vote for Maduka. The
campaigner asked Rafus Okeke if he was talking that money or not. Rufus
Okeke asked the campaigner if it would not be heard outside that house.
The campaigner told Rufus Okeke not to worry about it.

7. Don Gonzalo : Are you speaking to me, Senora?

Dona Laura : Yes.
Don Gonzalo : What do you wish?
Dona Laura : You have scared away the birds. They were feeding
on my crumbs.

Ans: Don Gonzalo asked Dona Laura if she was speaking to him. Dona
Laura replied in the affirmative. Don Gonzalo asked Dona Laura what she
wished for. Dona Laura said that he had scared away the birds. She said that
they had been feeding on her crumbs.

8. Dona Laura : Do you use a shoe brush as a handkerchief?

Don Gonzalo : What right have you to criticize my actions?
Dona Laura : A neighbour’s right.
Don Gonzalo : I do not care to listen to nonsense.
Dona Laura : You are very polite.

Ans: Dona Laura asked Dona Gonzalo if he used a shoe brush as a

handkerchief. Don Gonzalo retaliated asking what right she had to criticize
his action. Dona Laura replied that hers was a neighbour’s right. Don
Gonzalo retorted that he did not care to listen to nonsense. Dona Laura
sarcastically remarked that he was very polite.

9. Roof : I work for Marcus Ibe

POP Campaigner : We have plenty of work to do tonight.
Roof : Will it not be heard outside this room?
POP Campaigner : We are after votes, not gossip.

Ans: Roof said that he worked for Marcus Ibe. POP Campaigner told him
that they had plenty of work to do that night. Roof asked If it would not be
heard outside that room. POP Campaigner replied that they were after
votes, not gossip.

10. Don Gonzalo : That bench over there is mine.

Juanito : Three priests are sitting there.
Don Gonzalo : Rout them out. Have they gone?
Juanito : Still they are talking.

6|NRH ENGLISH
Ans: Don Gonzalo told Juanito that bench over there was his bench.
Juanito informed that three priests were sitting there. Don Gonzalo told him
to rout them out. Then he inquired him if they had gone. Juanito replied
that still they were talking.

11. Juanito : You can sit here senor. There is only a lady.
Don Gonzalo : I won’t Juanito. I want a bench to myself.
Juanito : But there is none.

Ans: Juanito told his master that he could sit there as there was only a
lady. Don Gonzalo expressed his unwillingness and said he would not and
he wanted a bench to himself. Juanito said that there was none.

12. Don Laura : Don’t remain more than ten minutes.

Petra : What does senora wish?
Don Laura : Can you give me the bread crumbs from my bag?
Petra : I don’t know what is the matter with me.
Laura : I know.

Ans: Dona Laura warned Petra not to remain more than ten minutes. Petra
asked respectively what she wished. Dona Laura asked whether if she could
give her the bread crumbs from her bag. Petra said she did not know what
was the matter with her. Dona Laura said that she knew it.

13. Don Gonzalo : I want a bench to myself.

Juanito : There is none.
Don Gonzalo : The one over there is none.
Juanito : There are three priests sitting on it.
Don Gonzalo : Rout them out. Have they gone?
Juanito : No indeed. They are talking.

Ans: Don Gonzalo said that he wanted a bench to himself. Juanita said that
there was none. Dona Gonzalo told Juanita that the one over there was his.
Juanita said that there were three priests sitting on it. Don Gonzalo told
Juanita to rout them out and asked whether they had gone. Juanito replied
negatively and said that they were talking.

14. Don Gonzalo : I shall take a pinch of snuff. Will you have some?
Dona Laura : If it is good.
Don Gonzalo : It is of the finest. You will like it.

Ans: Don Gonzalo said that he would take a pinch of snuff and asked
whether she would have some. Dona Laura said if it was good. Don Gonzalo
replied it was of the finest and added she would like it.
7|NRH ENGLISH
15. Don Gonzalo : I am fond of good verses. I composed some in my
youth.
Don Laura : Were they good ones?
Don Gonzalo : Of all kinds. I was a great friend many American
poets. Why do ask me such a question?
Don Laura : Don’t be angry. Have you been to America?

Ans: Don Gonzalo said he was fond of good verses and he had composed
some in his youth. Dona Laura said if they had been good ones. Don
Gonzalo said he had composed of all kinds. And added that he had been a
great friend of many American post. He questioned why she asked him such
a question. Dona Laura told him not to be angry and questioned whether he
had been to America.

16. Dona Laura : Do you hunt?

Don Gonzalo : Yes, senora. Every Sunday I take my gun and dog,
and go to one of the estates and kill time.
Dona Laura : That’s all you kill.
Don Gonzalo : Do you think so?

Ans: Dona Laura asked if he hunted. Don Gonzalo replied positively and
added every Sunday he takes his gun and dog, and goes to one of the
estates and kills time. Don Gonzalo said that was all he killed. Don Gonzalo
asked if she thought so.

17. Dona Laura : You can’t imagine how it affects me to see you
reading with all those glasses.
Don Gonzalo : Can you read without glasses?
Dona Laura : Certainly
Don Gonzalo : At your age? You are jesting.

Ans: Dona Laura said he could not imagine how it affected her to see him
reading with all those glasses. Don Gonzalo asked if she could read without
glasses. Dona Laura replied positively. Don Gonzalo asked whether she
could read at her age and added that she was jesting.

18. The ministers said to the minister of justice, “We shall have to tell
him that we do not want to keep him.” “Why do you not run away?”,
said the minister of justice to the convict.” “There is no one to guard
you.”The man replied “I have nowhere to go. What can I do?”

Ans: The ministers said to the minister of justice that they should have to
tell him that they did not want to keep him. The minister of justice asked
the convict that why he would not run away and said that there was no one
8|NRH ENGLISH
to guard him. The man replied that he had nowhere to go and asked what
he could do.

19. The Minister : Your honour, the French government is ready to

supply a machine and an expert. The cost would
be 16,000 francs.
The King : 16,000 francs is too dear for a small kingdom like
ours. It is more than two francs on the whole
population. Find some cheaper way of executing
the murderer.

Ans: The minister humbly said to the king that the French government was
ready to supply a machine and an expert and the cost would be 16,000
francs. The king said that 16,000 francs was too dear for a small kingdom
like theirs. It was more than two francs on the whole population and asked
to find some cheaper way of executing the murderer.

20. The king : Can’t you find a soldier who would cut the man’s head
off? They can do it in a rough and homely fashion.
The General : Will any one of you undertake this job?
The Soldiers : We do not know how to do it. It is not a thing we have
been taught.

Ans: The king asked if he could not find a soldier who would cut the man’s
head off and added they could do it in a rough and homely fashion. The
general asked if anyone of them would undertake that job. The soldiers said
that they did not know how to do it and added that it was not a thing they
had been taught.

21. The prince said to his ministers, “Can’t you find some cheaper way
of dealing with this rascal? The present plan is too expensive.”
One of the ministers said, “Can we dismiss the guard?”
“If we dismiss the guard,” said another minister “the fellow will run away.”
“It will end our problems,” said the first minister.

Ans: The prince asked to his ministers that whether they could not find
some cheaper way of dealing with that rascal and added that the present
plan was too expensive. Another minister suggested if they could dismiss
the guard and the fellow would (might) run away. So the first minister said
that it would end their problems.

22. ‘Why don’t you run away? There is no guard to keep you. You can
go wherever you like,” said the minister.“Have you not ruined my
character by your sentence? Where can I go now?” said the prisoner.
9|NRH ENGLISH
Ans: The minister asked why he would not run away and added that there
was no guard to keep him and said he could go wherever he liked. The
prisoner asked if they had not ruined his character by their sentence and
asked where he could go then.

23. The prisoner said, “I know the prince will not mind my going away.
But, I don’t want to go away.” First minister said, “What course can we
adopt now?” The second minister said, “The only way to get rid of him
is to offer him a pension. Let us give him a pension of 600 francs a
year.”
Ans: The prisoner said that he knew that the prince would not mind him
going away and said that he did not want to go away. The first minister
asked what course they could adopt then. The second minister said that the
only way to get rid of him was to offer him a pension and suggested to give
him a pension of 600 francs a year.

24. The prisoner said, “you are asking me to go away. I have nowhere
to go. You have ruined my character by your sentence. People will turn
their backs on me. Besides, I have got out of the way of working.”

Ans: The prisoner said that they were asking him to go and he had nowhere
to go. He said that they had ruined his character by their sentences and
added that people would turn their backs on him. And besides that he had
got out the way of working.

25. Ezenwa said, “We believe every word you say to be true. Every one
of us will drop his paper for Marcus. But, two shillings is shameful.”
Roof said, “I will give you three shillings. Please, cast your votes for
Marcus.”

Ans: Ezenwa said that they believed every word he said to be true and every
one of them would drop their paper for Marcus. Roof said that he would give
them three shillings and requested to cast their votes foe Maduka.

26. Roof said, “I have given you three shillings. What else do you
expect?”
Ezenwa said, “we would not have asked more if Marcus is a poor
man.”
Roof said, “I will give you one more shilling. Don’t expect more.”

Ans: Roof said that he had given them three shillings and asked what else
they expected. Ezenwa said that they would not have had asked more if
Marcus was a poor man. Roof said that he would give them one more
shillings and told them not to expect more.
10 | N R H E N G L I S H
27. "Don’t forget our sign is the motor car" said Roof to a group of
illiterate women.
"Like the one Marcus is sitting inside" said a woman.
"It is the same car. The box with the car shown on its body is the
box for you. Don’t look at the other with the man's head"
explained Roof.

Ans: Roof said to a group of illiterate women that not to forget that their
sign was the motor car. A woman piped that it was like the one Marcus was
sitting inside. Roof explained that it was the same car and the box with the
car shown on its body was the box for them and advised not to look at the
other with the man's head.

Reported Speech (Q. No. 27)

1. Minister : Why do you not run away? There is no guard to keep you.
The Prince will not mind.
Criminal : I know it. But I have nowhere to go.

2. Minister : The cost of execution will be 16,000 Francs.

Prince : The wretch is not worth the money. Can’t it be done,
somehow cheaper? 16,000 francs is more than two francs a
head on the whole population. The people will not stand it.

3. Prince : You must find some cheaper way of dealing with this
rascal. The present plan is too expensive.
First Minister : In my opinion we must dismiss the guard.
Second Minister : Then the fellow will run

4. Petra : I see him over there waiting for me.

Dona Laura : Do not remain more than ten minutes.
Petra : I will be back soon.
Dona Laura : Wait a moment.
Petra : What does the senora wish?

5. Don Gonzalo : I want a bench to myself.

Juanito : There is none.
Don Gonzalo : That one over there is mine.
Juanito : There are three priests sitting there.
Don Gonzalo : Rout them out.
11 | N R H E N G L I S H
6. Dona Laura : Do you use a shoe brush as a handkerchief?
Don Gonzalo : What right have you to criticize my actions?
Dona Laura : A neighbour’s right.
Don Gonzalo : I do not care to listen to nonsense.
Dona Laura : You are very polite.

7. Don Gonzalo : Do you mind my reading aloud?

Dona Laura : You can read as loud as you please.
Don Gonzalo : Can you read without glasses?
Dona Laura : I can.
Don Gonzalo : I envy your wonderful eyesight.

8. Dona Laura : Will you go to your bench tomorrow?

Don Gonzalo : I will come to your bench.
Dona Laura : Do bring something for pigeons.
Don Gonzalo : I will surely bring the crumbs.
Dona Laura : Thank you.

9. Dona Laura : Have you been in America?

Don Gonzalo : Several times.
Dona Laura : You must have gone with Columbus.
Don Gonzalo : I am old. But I did not know Ferdinand and Isabella.

10. Roof : I work for Marcus Ibe.

POP Campaigner : We have plenty of work to do tonight. Are you taking
this or not?
Roof : Will it not be heard outside this room?
POP campaigner : We are after votes, not gossip.

11. Roof : Do not forget. Our sign is the motor-car.

Woman : Is it like Marcus’s car?
Roof : It is the same car. Don’t look at the other with the man’s head.

12. POP Campaigner : The Iyi comes from Mbanta. Swear on it.
Roof : I will cast my paper for Maduka. But Maduka has no
chance Against Marcus.
POP Campaigner : Maduka gives out pounds, not shillings.

12 | N R H E N G L I S H
Complete the following dialogue: -
1. (Ata store)
Chandru : do you work here? (Starting conversation with stranger)
Assistant : Yes, I do. ? (Offering help)
Chandru : Do you have children’s sweaters
Assistant : Yes, they are over there by the wall.
Chandru : __________________ (Asking for price)
Assistant : It’s 300 rupees.
Chandru : Here you are.
Assistant : __________________ (Expressing gratitude)
Answer:
Chandru : Excuse me, do you work here? (Starting conversation with
stranger)
Assistant : Yes, ¡ do. How may I help you? (Offering help)
Chandru : Do you have children’s sweaters?
Assistant : Yes, they are over there by the wall.
Chandn.z : How much do they cost? (Asking for price)
Assistant : It’s 300 rupees.
Chandru : Here you are.
Assistant : Thank you Sir. (Expressing gratitude)

2. (In a Library)
Librarian : Hi,? (Offering help)
Student : I am looking for a book, but I could not find it.
Librarian: ______________ (Asking for book name)
Student : God of Small Things. .
Librarian: Do you remember the author?
Student : __________________ (Giving author name – Arundhati Roy)
Librarian: The book is on the second floor in Indian literature section.
Student : _________________ 1 will go there. (Expressing gratitude)
1|NRH ENGLISH
Answer:
Librarian: Hi, how may I help you? (Offering help)
Student : I am looking for a book, but I could not find it.
Librarian: What is the name of the book? (Asking for book name)
Student : God of Small Things.
Librarian: Do you remember the author?
Student : Yes. It’s Arundhati Roy. (Giving author name — Arundhati Roy)
Librarian : The book is on the second floor in Indian literature section.
Student : Thank you. I will go there. (Expressing gratitude)

3. (Two friends at a hotel)

Ravi : John, _____________ for breakfast? (Enquiring)
John : What ………………….? (Asking for preference)
Ravi : I prefer dosa. Shall ……………….? (Offering choices)
John : I don’t like masala dosa. I would prefer set dosa.
Ravi : ___________________ I will order set dosa. (Accepting)
Answer:
Ravi : John, what is there for breakfast? (Enquiring)
John : What would you like to have? (Asking for preference)
Ravi : I prefer dosa. Shall I order masala dosa or set dosa? (Offering choices)
John : 1 don’t like masa la dosa. I would prefer set dosa.
Ravi : 0k then I will order set dosa. (Accepting)

4. (Two strangers on the road)

Salim : _______________ Is there a medical store nearby? (Starting
conversation)
Sharat : Yes, there is one right across the street.
Salim : How _______________ (Asking for distance)
Sharat : ______________________ (Giving information)
Salim : ___________________ (Expressing gratitude)
Answer:
Salim : Excuse me. Is there a medical store nearby? (Starting conversation)
Sharat : Yes, there ¡s one right across the street.
Salim : How far is it from here? (Asking for distance)
Sharat : You just have to walk for two minutes. (Giving information)
Salim : Thank you for your help! (Expressing gratitude)

5. (Two friends at college)

Mohan : Hi Ramesh. Good morning.
Ramesh : ______________________ (Responding to greeting)
Mohan : ______________ your cell phone for a moment? (Requesting)
Ramesh : Sure, no problem. (Offering)
Mohan : It will only be a minute or two.
Ramesh : Take your time. No rush.
2|NRH ENGLISH
Mohan : _____________ (Expressing gratitude)
Answer:
Mohan : Hi Ramesh. Good morning.
Ramesh : Good morning Mohan. (Responding to greeting)
Mohan : Can T borrow your cell phone for a moment? (Requesting)
Ramesh : Sure, no problem. You can use it. (Offering)
Mohan : It will only be a minute or two.
Ramesh : Take your time. No rush.
Mohan : Thank you. (Expressing gratitude)

6. (Two friends discussing homework)

Rama : Hey, ________________ with the homework? (Requesting)
Susan : I’d be glad to help out. _______________ (Enquiring about difficulty)
Rama : I don’t understand this equation. Would you mind explaining it to
me?
Susan : __________________ Don’t worry (Assuring help)
Rama : ____________________________ (Expressing gratitude)
Answer:
Rama : Hey, can you help me with the homework? (Requesting)
Susan : I’d be glad to help out. Which part do you find difficult? (Enquiring
about difficulty)
Rama : I don’t understand this equation. Would you mind explaining it to
me?
Susan : I will definitely help you. Don’t worry. (Assuring help)
Rama : Thanks a lot! (Expressing gratitude)

7. (Two friends talking about an unpleasant event)

Vinay : Hi, Shankar.
Shankar : _____________________ (Responding to greeting)
Vinay : Shankar, our friend Mahesh met with an accident this morning.
Shankar : _______________ Where did it happen? (Expressing sympathy)
Vinay : __________________ (Giving information)
Shankar : Shall we go and see him this evening?
Vinay : ________________ (Accepting)
Answer:
Vinay : HiShankar.
Shankar : Hi Vinay. (Responding to greeting)
Vinay : Shankar, our friend Mahesh met with an accident this morning.
Shankar : Oh! That is sad. Where did it happen? (Expressing sympathy)
Vinay : It happened near our apartment. (Giving information)
Shankar : Shall we go and see him this evening?
Vinay : Yes. Let’s go this evening. (Accepting)

3|NRH ENGLISH
8. (A telephone call)
Prabhu : Good morning madam. Is this VIMS hospital?
Clerk : Good morning. This is VIMS. Who’s calling?
Prabhu : _______________ from Koppal. (Introducing)
Clerk : _______________ (Offering help)
Prabhu : I have an appointment with Dr. Narayan on 27th of this month
Would ………………………….? (Requesting another appointment)
Clerk : just a minute. I will check. _____________ (Enquiring)
Prabhu : My patient ID is VIMS1774, madam.
Clerk : Es 29th of this month OK?
Prabhu : It’s OK, madam. Thank you.
Answer:
Prabhu : Good morning madam. Is this V1MS hospital?
CLerk : Good morning. This is VIMS. Who’s calling?
Prabhu : I am Prabbu speaking from Koppal. (Introducing)
Clerk : How may I help you? (Offering help)
Prabhu : I have an appointment with Dr. Narayan on 27th of this month.
Would you please reschedule my appointment for another day?
(Requesting another appointment)
Clerk : Just a minute. I will check. Can you please give your patient ID?
(Enquiring)
Prabhu : My patient ID is V1MS1774, madam.
Clerk : Is 29th of this month OK?
Prabhu : It’s OK. madam. Thank you.

9. (Between a son and mother)

Mother : What about your day at college, son?
Son : It was great, mom. I have been selected captain of the college Hockey
team.
Mother : _________________ (Congratulating)
Son : ____________________ (Expressing gratitude)
Mother : By the way, did you pay the electricity bill on your way home?
Son : ____________________ (ApologIzing)
Mother : It’s OK. Don’t forget to pay it tomorrow.
Son : ________________ (Accepting)
Answer:
Mother : What about your day at college, son?
Son : It was great, mom. I have been selected captain of the college Hockey
team.
Mother : Oh wow. That is great. Congratulations! (Congratulating)
Son : Thanks mom. (Expressing gratitude)
Mother : By the way, did you pay the electricity bill on your way home?
Son : Oh sorry. I forgot about It. (Apologizing)

4|NRH ENGLISH
Mother : It’s OK. Don’t forget to pay it tomorrow.
Son : 0k mom. (Accepting)

10. (Two friends)

Mala : ______________________ (Greeting)
Mary : I’m fine. What about you?
Mala : Fine. I learnt that you have got a special scholarship.(Congratulating)
Mary : Yes, Mala, thank you. It’s given taking into consideration my
contribution to theatrical activities.
Mala : Don’t you feel that theatre has lost its relevance?
Mary : _____________________ (Disagreeing)
Mala : Anyway, your achievement is unmatched.
Mary : Thank you. (Leave taking)
Answer:
Mala : Hi Mary. How are you? (Greeting)
Mary : I’m fine. What about you?
Mala : Fine. I learnt that you have got a special scholarship.
Congratulations! (Congratulating)
Mary : Yes, Mala, thank you. It’s given taking into consideration my
contribution to theatrical activities.
Mala : Don’t you feel that theatre has lost its relevance?
Mary : No, not at all. I think it is still guite relevant. (Disagreeing)
Mala : Anyway, your achievement Is unmatched.
Mary : Thank you. I have to leave now. See you soon. (Leave taking)

11. Student: Good Morning Sir, I want an application form to ……………

(giving purpose of visit)
Bank Clerk: Good Morning, to open an account you have to ………………
(giving instruction)
Student: What else should I submit along with filled in form?
Bank Clerk: …………………………. (Instructing to submit address proof)
Student: ………………………… (giving thanks)
Answer:
Student: Good Morning Sir, I want an application form to open a
bank account.
Bank Clerk: Good Morning, to open an account you have to fill in the
application form.
Bank Clerk: You have to submit an address proof.
Student: Thank you very much sir, for your help.

12. Anitha: …………… (Greeting) May I come in?

Vinitha: ……………… (Responds to greeting)
Anitha: ……………… (Introduces herself) your next door neighbour.
Vinitha: ……………… (Introduces herself) Please sir down.
5|NRH ENGLISH
Answer:
Anitha: Hello, Good Morning. May I come in.
Vinitha: Good Morning, please come in.
Anitha: I am Anitha, your next door neighbour.
Vinitha: I am Vinitha. Please sir down.

13. Stranger: Excuse me, …………… (ask for direction)

Resident: ……………… (giving direction)
Stranger: Is it far?
Resident: ……………… (approximate distance)
Stranger: ……………… (express gratitude / leave taking)
Answer:
Stranger: Excuse me, may I know how to reach Bannerghatta Biological
Park
Resident: Go straight and turn to the right at the circle. Immediately after
the turn, you will find Bannerghatta Biological Park on your left.
Stranger: Is it far?
Resident: It’s approximately 2 kms from here.
Stranger: Oh, Thank You very much. You have been very kind.

14. Patient: Hello, is it 240042?

Receptionist: ……………… (giving information)
Patient: Could I speak to the doctor?
Receptionist: ……………… (Confirms absence)
Patient: Who am I speaking to?
Receptionist: ……………… (giving introduction)
Patient: ……………… (fix an appointment for the same day)
Answer:
Patient: Hello, is it 240042?
Receptionist: Yes. What can I do for you?
Patient: Could I speak to the doctor?
Receptionist: I am sorry. He is not around.
Patient: Who am I speaking to?
Receptionist: I am Anandi, the receptionist.
Patient: Could I get an appointment for this evening?

15. Agent: …………… (Greeting)

Mrs. Dixit: ……………… (Seeking information regarding a trip to Greece)
Agent: ……………… (Giving information)
Mrs. Dixit: ……………… (Expressing gratitude)
Answer:
Agent: Good Morning, Ma’am. Please have a seat
Mrs. Dixit: Good Morning, I want to get information regarding a trip to
Greece.
6|NRH ENGLISH
Agent: Fine. We have very attractive foreign tour scheme. For further
details, go through this brochure.
Mrs. Dixit: Thanks a lot. Have a Nice Day.

16. Kiran: Good Morning.

Javeed: ……………… (Greeting) What can I do for you?
Kiran: Is ……………… (asking for information)
Javeed: Yes, the flat is still vacant.
Kiran: What is the rent?
Javeed: The rent……………… (giving information)
Kiran: ……………… (Leave taking)
Answer:
Kiran: Good Morning.
Javeed: Good Morning.
Kiran: Is your flat vacant?
Javeed: Yes, the flat is still vacant.
Kiran: What is the rent?
Javeed: The rent is 3,000 rupees
Kiran: O.K. Thank you. Bye.

17.Baskar: Good Morning! Sir ………. (Introducing) in organic products

company.
Vishal: ……………… (reply greeting) ………….(offering help).
Baskar: I have brought some products of daily use. Could you please buy
them?
Vishal: ……………… (agree) if they are available at a reasonable price.
Baskar: Sure Sir, I will reduce the price. ……………(expresses gratitude)
Answer:
Baskar: Good Morning! Sir I am Baskar working in organic products
company.
Vishal: Good Morning. How can I help you?
Baskar: I have brought some products of daily use. Could you please buy
them?
Vishal: Yes, I will buy. If they are available at a reasonable price.
Baskar: Sure Sir, I will reduce the price. Thank You.

18. Student: Good Morning Sir, …………… (introduces himself)

Principal: Yes, what do you want?
Student: I have passed SSLC in first class, ……………… (seeking suggestion
about combination)
Principal: …………….. (giving suggestion)
Student: No, I would like to join for science.
Principal: O.K. You can come and join tomorrow.
Student: ……………… (Expressing gratitude)
7|NRH ENGLISH
Answer:
Student: Good Morning Sir, I am Anthony
Principal: Yes, what do you want?
Student: I have passed SSLC in first class, which combination should I
take.
Principal: You can join for commerce.
Student: No, I would like to join for science.
Principal: O.K. You can come and join tomorrow.
Student: Thank You Sir.

19. Mother : Can you book a car for me?

Son : ………….. (agreeing) where do you want to go?
Mother : ……………… (giving information)
Son : At what time do you need the car?
Mother : …………… (mentioning time)
Son : Ok. I will book it.
Mother : …………….. (Expressing gratitude).
Answer:
Mother : Can you book a car for me?
Son : Yes mother, I can ( agreeing) where do you want to go?
Mother : I want to go to Mysore. (giving information)
Son : At what time do you need the car?
Mother : At 7 am (mentioning time)
Son : Ok. I will book it.
Mother : Thank you my dear son. (Expressing gratitude).

Dialogue Writing (Q.No. 28)

1. (At a store)
Chandru : ______________ , do you work here? (Starting conversation with
stranger)
Assistant : Yes, I do. ______________________ ? (Offering help)
Chandru : Do you have children’s sweaters?
Assistant : Yes, they are over there by the wall.
Chandru : ____________________ (Asking for price)
Assistant : It’s 300 rupees.
Chandru : Here you are.
Assistant : _____________ (Expressing gratitude)

8|NRH ENGLISH
2. (In a library)
Librarian : Hi, ___________________? (Offering help)
Student : I am looking for a book, but I could not find it.
Librarian : _____________________ (Asking for book name)
Student : God of Small Things.
Librarian : Do you remember the author?
Student : __________________________ (Giving author name-Arundhati Roy)
Librarian: The book is on the second floor in Indian literature section.
Student : _____________ I will go there. (Expressing gratitude)

3. (Two friends at a hotel)

Ravi : John, ________________ for breakfast? (Enquiring)
John : What __________________ ? (Asking for preference)
Ravi : I prefer dosa. Shall ___________________ ? (Offering choices)
John : I don’t like masala dosa. I would prefer set dosa.
Ravi : ____________ I will order set dosa. (Accepting)

4. (Two strangers on the road)

Salim : _______________ Is there a medical store nearby? (Starting
conversation)
Sharat : Yes, there is one right across the street.
Salim : How _________________________ (Asking for distance)
Sharat : ________________________________ (Giving information)
Salim : _________________________ (Expressing gratitude)

5. (Two friends at college)

Mohan : Hi Ramesh. Good morning.
Ramesh : ____________________________ (Responding to greeting)
Mohan : _____________ your cell phone for a moment? (Requesting)
Ramesh : Sure, no problem. ______________________ (Offering)
Mohan : It will only be a minute or two.
Ramesh : Take your time. No rush.
Mohan : ____________ (Expressing gratitude)

6. (Two friends discussing homework)

Rama : Hey, __________________ with the homework? (Requesting)
Susan : I’d be glad to help out. _______________________ (Enquiring about
difficulty)
Rama : I don’t understand this equation. Would you mind explaining it to
me?
Susan : _______________________ Don’t worry. (Assuring help)
Rama : ______________________________ (Expressing gratitude)

9|NRH ENGLISH
7. (Two friends talking about an unpleasant event)
Vinay : Hi, Shankar.
Shankar : __________________ (Responding to greeting)
Vinay : Shankar, our friend Mahesh had an accident this morning.
Shankar : ______________ Where did it happen? (Expressing sympathy)
Vinay : ___________________ (Giving information)
Shankar : Shall we go and see him this evening?
Vinay : ____________________ (Accepting)

8. (A telephone call)
Prabhu : Good morning madam. Is this VIMS hospital?
Clerk : Good morning. This is VIMS. Who’s calling?
Prabhu : ___________________ from Koppal. (Introducing)
Clerk : ___________________ (Offering help)
Prabhu : I have an appointment with Dr. Narayan on 27th of this month.
Would ____________________ ?(Requesting another appointment)
Clerk : Just a minute. I will check. _________________ (Enquiring)
Prabhu : My patient ID is VIMS1774, madam.
Clerk : Is 29th of this month OK?
Prabhu : It’s OK, madam. Thank you.

9. (Between a son and mother)

Mother : What about your day at college, son?
Son : It was great, mom. I have been selected captain of the college Hockey
team.
Mother : _________________________ (Congratulating)
Son : ______________________ (Expressing gratitude)
Mother : By the way, did you pay the electricity bill on your way home?
Son : _______________________ (Apologizing)
Mother : It’s OK. Don’t forget to pay it tomorrow.
Son : _______________________ (Accepting)

10. (Two friends)

Mala : ___________________ (Greeting)
Mary : I’m fine. What about you?
Mala : Fine. I learnt that you have got a special scholarship. _______________
(Congratulating)
Mary : Yes, Mala, thank you. It’s given taking into consideration my
contribution to theatrical activities.
Mala : Don’t you feel that theatre has lost its relevance?
Mary : ___________________ (Disagreeing)
Mala : Anyway, your achievement is unmatched.
Mary : Thank you. __________________ (Leave taking)

10 | N R H E N G L I S H
 2nd PUC

1|NRH ENGLISH
 31. Read the following passage and make notes by drawing and filling
the boxes given below: -
1. It is believed that the Indus Civilization was the joint creation of the
Aryan and Pre – Aryan inhabitants of India. This civilization was
principally associated with the cities of Mohenjodaro and Harappa which
were first discovered. The people of this civilization were Multi – Ethnic. In
the skeletal remains of this civilization there is an evidence of the
presence of Proto – Australoid, Mediterranean, Alpine and Mongoloid
racial elements who, no doubt, contribute to its growth. The civilization
was urban and a very remarkable one.

Indus Valley Civilization

Inhabitants that Jointly created

1 2

Associated with cities

3 4

People were

Racial elements that contributed

6 7 Alpine 8

Ans: - 1. Aryan
2. Pre –Aryan
3. Mohenjodaro
4. Harappa
5. Multi – Ethnic
6. Proto – Australoid
7. Mediterranean
8. Mongoloid

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 2. At the core of Yakshagana is the himmela. This entourage of musicians
includes a narrator, singer and musicians, playing the Chande and
maddale, drums and the harmonium. Their performance usually
touching on just one main story and a few sub stories is called a
Prasanga.

The Core of Yakshagana

Includes Performance called

2 8

Play

5 6 7

Ans: - 1. Himmela
2. A narrator
3. Singers
4. Musicians
5. Chande and Maddale
6. Drums
7. Harmonium
8. A Prasanga

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 3. Rajasthan boasts of its colourful culture, cheerful people and their
extraordinary passion for kite – flying or Patangbazi, a special cultural
sport and pastime of the region. The kite – flying is celebrated to herald
the coming of spring. It is also a leisure sport and a passion among
foreign tourists too. The people of Rajasthan enjoy the rich tradition of
kite – flying.

Rajasthan boasts of

1 2 3

Patangbazi is

4 and 5

Kite – flying celebrated to herald

To foreign tourists, kite – flying is

7 8

Ans: - 1. Colourful Culture

2. Cheerful People
3. Passion for Kite - flying
4. Special cultural sport
5. Pastime
6. Spring
7. Leisure Sport
8. Passion

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 4. The Mid – Atlantic ridge lies under the Atlantic Ocean covering an area
of 1,60,000 kilometers. It lies between the north Atlantic Ocean and the
Antarctic Circle. It is the world’s largest mountain range. The ridge has
many high peaks. Some of the highest peaks form islands. The ice lands
and the Azores are the two big islands formed by the peaks. In
comparison the largest mountain range on the surface is the Andes in
South America. Its length is only 7200 kilometers.

The largest mountain range under sea

Area

Lies between

3 4

Big islands formed by the peaks

5 6

The largest mountain range on the surface

Area

Ans: - 1. The Mid – Atlantic ridge

2. 1,60,000 kilometers
3. North Atlantic Ocean
4. The Antarctic Ocean
5. The Iceland
6. The Azores
7. The Andes in South 8.
America 8. 7200 km
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 5. There are three kinds of oil – animal, vegetable and mineral. A major
portion of animal oil comes from whales and some kind of fish. These oils
may be bought from any medical shop. Vegetable oil is extracted from the
seeds of plants and is used for cooking. When an engineer refers to oil, he
always means mineral oil that drives motor cars, aero planes and tanks.
This oil comes out of the earth and is very essential for our existence.

Kinds of Oil

1 2 3

received from

4 5 6

used for

7 8

Ans: - 1. Animal
2. Vegetable
3. Mineral
4. Whales
5. Seeds of plants
6. Earth
7. Cooking
8. Driving

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 6. The term ‘Resource’ is derived from French, and it means tools. Natural
resources are the raw materials and the sources of energy present on the
earth. They include the deposits of coal, crude oil, and natural gas. The
basic needs of our existence such as air, water and soil, which gives us
food, also belongs to resources that we may able to exploit in future.

Term ‘Resource’ derived from

It Means
1 2

Sources of Energy Present

on the Earth Deposit

3 4 5

Basic needs of Existence

6 7 8

Ans: - 1. French
2. Tools
3. Coal
4. Crude Oil
5. Natural Gas
6. Air
7. Water
8. Soil

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 7. Paper was discovered in Chine by an official named Tsai Lun. He
discovered it in about AD 105. Until then most of the documents in
China had been written on parchment and Vellum. Parchment was made
from the skin of goats or sheep. Vellum was made from the skin of a calf.
A number of animals had to be killed to make a book. However, now we
do not have to do that. We use wood pulp, at present, for making paper.

Paper At present made from

1

Discovered by Discovered in Year of discovery

2 China 3

Documents before AD 105 written on

4 and 5

made from the skin of made from the skin of

6 7 8

Ans: - 1. Wood Pulp

2. Tsai Lun
3. AD 105
4. Parchment
5. Vellum
6. Goats
7. Sheep
8. Calf

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 8. Vertebrate animals can be either warm – blooded or cold – blooded. A
cold – blooded animal cannot maintain constant body temperature. The
temperature of its body is determined by the outside surroundings. Cold
blooded animals are also called ‘Ectothermic’, which means outside heat.
They are reptiles, amphibians and fishes. Warm blooded animals are able
to regulate their internal temperature. They have fur and feather to keep
them warm. They are also called ‘Endothermic’ meaning heat inside.
They are birds and mammals.

Vertebrates either

1 Or 2

Also called Also called

6 6

They are They are

Birds 8 4 5 6

Ans: - 1. Warm blooded

2. Cold blooded
3. Ectothermic
4. Reptiles
5. Amphibians
6. Fishes
7. Endothermic
8. Mammals

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9. Krishnadevaraya ruled the Vijayanagara Empire. He gave a
good governance during this regime. Gold, silver and diamond were
sold on the streets of Vijayanagara. He respected men and women
equally. In his court, there was a clown called Tenali Rama who was
known for his wit.

Krishnadevaraya ruled

During his regime sold

2 3 4

Krishnadevaraya

Respected Court Clown

5 6 7

Known for

Ans: - 1. Vijayanagara Empire

2. Gold
3. Silver
4. Diamond
5. Men
6. Women
7. Tenali Raman
8. Wit

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 Note Making (Q. No. 31)

31. Read the following passage and make notes by drawing and filling
the boxes given below. 8x½=4

1. Hundreds of islands lie in the Caribbean Sea, east of the United States of
America and stretch west into the Atlantic Ocean. These Caribbean islands
also known as the West Indies, take their name from the Caribs, the
original inhabitants of the region, until the Spanish arrived in 1942. The
inhabitants of most islands today are descendants of African slaves brought
to work in plantations between the 16th and 19th centuries. The islands
have a tropical climate, turquoise waters, and fine beaches and have
developed a booming tourist Industry. Many people here depend on farming
for their living.

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2. Our earliest ancestors, the hominids lived in Africa as they evolved into
an upright posture and learned to make tools, around 1000,000 years ago.
They became known as modern people or Homo sapiens. These people are
sometimes called prehistoric, because they lived long before recorded
history. From fossil evidence, we know they found food by gathering and
hunting, made simple clothes and built shelters out of local materials.
People lived like this for thousands of years. Around 9000 BC, for the first
time, people in West Asia started to produce their food by farming.

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3. South America’s habitats include tropical forests of the north, grasslands
of the centre and South, tributaries of the Amazon, the Andes Mountains in
the west, deserts fringing the west coast, and wetlands of Brazil. South
America is rich in wildlife, much of it found in the rain forests. The
distinctive animals of South America, including ant eaters, sloths,
opossums and new world monkeys, evolved when South America was
separated from North America and got isolated from the rest of the world.

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4. Mongooses belong to a group of carnivorous mammals that also include
civets, genets, the fossae and binturong (or bear-cat). Mongooses live in
southern Europe, southern Asia and much of Africa. The banded and dwarf
mongooses live in family groups, and are very sociable. Each one of them
has a special duty and enables the group to work together harmoniously.
Female Mongooses remain close to their nest and look after the young,
while males go hunting for food. These Mongooses live in burrows, which
they dig themselves or take over from other animals such as termites.

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5. There are three components of population growth. They are births,
deaths and migration. The rates of these components are measured per
1000 people per year and they vary from one country to another. The
average birth rate of the world is 19.14. Niger has the highest birth rate in
the world with 51.76 births and Japan has the lowest with 7.64. The
average death rate of the world is 8.37. Sierra Leone ranks first with 18
deaths and Qatar has the least death rate with just 1.53.

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6. Human Development Index has three dimensions. The countries in the
world are ranked based on their performance in the areas of health,
education and access to resources. In order to measure the performance in
health, life expectancy is taken into account whereas to measure the
performance in education, rate of literacy is considered. The standard of
living is appraised while measuring the performance in respect of access to
resources. It is measured in terms of purchasing power in US dollars.

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7. Drip irrigation system was developed in Israel. This system uses a small
amount of water for irrigating crops. It is best suited in the areas that face
acute scarcity of water. It was introduced in India in the 1970s. It is widely
used by farmers in Rajasthan, Maharashtra, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. It
is mainly used for coconut, grape, vegetables and plantation crops. It is
estimated that 6.3 lakh hectares of land in India is irrigated under this
system.

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8. There are three methods of rice cultivation. They are broadcasting,
drilling and transplanting. The broadcasting method involves scattering of
seeds by hand and it is practised in less fertile hilly areas. In drilling
method, seeds are drilled into the soil. This method is confined to
peninsular India. The transplanting method uses seedlings grown in seed
beds for four weeks. It requires abundant supply of labour and water but
gives higher yields.

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9. Coffee is a tropical plant. It is the second most popular beverage crop of
India, the first being tea. Coffee plant was first introduced in India by a
Muslim Fakir called Bababudan Sahib. He brought some seeds of coffee
from Mecca during the 17th century. He planted them in the Chandragiri
hills presently in the Chikmagalur district. The cultivation of coffee crop
started in the 19th century on a large scale. Gradually it spread to Tamil
Nadu, Kerala and other parts of our country.

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10. The energy is the primary input in the production of goods and services.
The wheels of progress move with the flow of energy. On the basis of their
nature, the sources of energy are of two types: conventional and non-
conventional. Coal, petroleum, natural gas and electricity are the
conventional energy sources. These are limited and exhaustible in nature.
The sun, wind, tides, geothermal energy and bio-gas are the sources of non-
conventional energy. These sources are renewable in nature.

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11. Rajasthan boasts of its colourful culture, cheerful people and their
extraordinary passion for kite-flying or Patangbazi, a special cultural sport
and pastime of the region. The kite-flying is celebrated to herald the coming
of spring. It is also a leisure sport and passion among the foreign tourists
too. The people of Rajasthan enjoy the rich tradition of kite flying.

11 | N R H ENGLISH
12. Women’s Empowerment is the art of giving power or authority to
women. It involves women’s organisation which aims to increase their self-
reliance, encourages them to make choice and to control resources. Women
experience subordination or powerlessness in multiple domains. These
include the home, the work place and all other public places. The strategies
for empowerment of women can be classified as legal, social and economic.

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13. It is believed that the Indus Valley Civilization was the joint creation of
the Aryan and pre-Aryan Aryan inhabitants of India. This civilization was
principally associated with the cities of Mohenjo
Mohenjo-Daro
Daro and Harappa which
were first discovered. The people of this civilization were multi
multi-ethnic. In the
skeletal remains of this civilization is an evidence of the presence of Proto
Proto-
Australoid, Mediterranean, Alpine and Mongoloid racial elements who no
doubt contributed to its growth. The civilization was urban and a very
remarkable one.

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