TheDoctrineofthePersonofJesusChrist 10046507

The International
Theologica l Library
E D T O RS I '
P R E FA C E
H E O LO GY h as m a d e g re a pid d t and ra a va n ce s
t s
i n r e ce n y e a r Ne w n e li s f i v sti g ti h v
. o n e a on a e
b een p d
O ene
p f s h u li g ,
h t h b
re st p as ee n ca u on
m y s bj ts f t h d p st i t
an u ec o e st d t h h ist i l
ee e n e re ,
an e or ca
m th d h
e o b as
pp li d w
een a i t h i m p t te s u lts T h i or a n re . s
h asp p d
re t h
a re w y f e L i b ay f T h orl og i al ra r o eo ca
S i d h
c en ce , a n t d t h d m d f it It h ls
a s c re a e e e an or . as a o
m d it t
a e a p p t
o nce u o d p ti or b l w
ne t an ra c ca e no o se
c u th re i f sp
e s e r v ce s o i lists i t h d i ff
’
ec a t d p t n e e r en e ar
m ts f T h l gy
en o d t
eo o i t th m i
, an t
o a ssoc a e e n an e n er
p is
r w
e hi h w ill cf u is h r d rnf T h l gi l a eco r o eo o ca
i qu i y p t d t
n r u o a e .
T h is L i b y is d si g d t c v t h w h l fi el d f
‘
ra r e ne o o er e o e o
C h isti r T h l gy
an E h
eo o l u m is t b
. ac mpl t vo e o e co e e
i i t s lf w hil
n e , t th s m tim i t w ill f m p t f
e, a e a e e, or ar o a
f lly p l
c are u d wh l an n e O f t h E d i t s is t p
o e . ne o e or o re
p a re a v l u m f T h l g i l E y l p d i wh i h w ill
o e o eo o ca nc c o ae a c
g iv teh h ist y d li t t
e or an f h d p t me t s
e ra u r e o eac e ar n , a
w ll e f T h l gy
as o wh l
eo o as a o e.
T H E I N T E RN A T I O N A L T H E O L O GI C A L L I B RA R Y
T h e L b ra ry i is i t d d t f m s i s f T t n en e o or a er e o ex .
B oo ks f Stud ts f Th l gy
or en o eo o .
T h A th s th
e u or f ,
im t e re o re , ais s d m a co n c ene s a n co
p t
a c ne ss o f st t m t a e A t t h s
en m t i
. m t h y h v i
e a e e, e a e n
i w th t l g d i
v e a ar e ansi g l s f t d ts i t h
n c re a n c a s o s u en ,
n o er
d p tm
e ar t s f i qu i y wh
en o nd si t h v
r ,
s y t m ti
o e re o a e a s e a c
an d th g h x p si t i
o ro u e f T h l gi l S i
o on o T h eo o ca c en c e . ec
i l m t t s w ill t h
n ca a er f b th w i t th f m fe re o r e e ro n n o e or o
t
no e s, an d t h t xt w ill b m d
e e d bl e d tt a t e a s re a a e an a ra c
ive as
p ssi bol e .
T h Li b e
y is i
ra rt ti l d i
n e rn a t f ssi
on a l I t an n e rc on e on a .
w ill b e d con td i uc e t h li s p i i t d i t h
n a ca o c r , an n e
i t sts f T h l g y
n e re o s i
eo o as a c en ce .
It i m w ill b t g iv f u ll
s a e d i m p t i l st t m t
o e an ar a a e en s
b th f t h
o o s u lts f T h l g i l S i
e re o d f h
eo o ca c en ce an o
‘
e
q ue sti s w h i h
on til l t iss u i t h d i ff t
c a re s a e n e e re n
d p tm
e ar ts en .
T h A t h s w ill b
e u or h l s f e sc
g i d o ar
p t ti o r e co n ze re u a on
i th s
n e l b h s f st d y ssi g d t th m T h y
e v e ra ra n c e o u a ne o e . e
w il l b ss i t d w it h h th
e a oc a e d w it h t h E d it
ea c o er an e o rs
i th
n ff t t p vi d
e e or o s i s f v l m s whi h m y
ro e a er e o o u e c a
a d q u t ly
e a e
p s t
re t h p s
re e n t d iti e f i t
re e ni c on on o nv es
g t
a i d i di t th w y f
on , a n n ca e f u th p g e a or r er ro re ss .
C H ARL E S A . B RI GGS
S T E W ART D . F . S AL M O ND
T IIE IN T E R N AT I O N A L T H E O L O GI C A I . L I B R A RY
ARRAN E M E N G T OF VOL UM E S AN D AU THORS

T H E O LO G IC AL CH ARLE S E N C Y C LO P E D I A By A B GG D D RI S,
f h Ui
. . . .
,
D Li t t , P ro essor of T eo logica l E n cy clop ae d i a a n d S mb li y o cs ,

h
. . n on
T eo logi cal Sem i nary , N ew ork Y .
U
A N I N T R O D C T I O N T O T H E L I T E RAT R E O F T H E O L D T E S T A U
M E NT B y S R D RI E R , D D , D L i t t , Regi s P ro esso r o f H eb rew V u f
h h h f
. . . . . . .
a n d C a n on o f C ri s t C ur c , Ox ord [Revi s ed a nd E nlarged Ed i ti on . .
C AN O N A N D T E XT O F T H E O LD T E S T A M E N T B y t h e Rev J OH N
f u
. .
S K I NNE R , D D , P ri n cip al a n d P ro essor o f Old T est a men t L an g age a n d Li t

hu h
. .
era t u re , C ollege of t h e P re sb y t eri an C rc of E n gla n d , C a m b rid ge , E n gl an d ,

a n d t h e Rev O WE N WH I TE H O U SE , B A , P ri ncip a l a nd P ro essor of H eb rew, f
h u
. . .
C es t n t Co ll ege, C amb rid ge , E ngl a nd .
O LD T E S T AM E NT B y HE N R P RE SE R
H I S T O RY Y V E D S MI T H , D D ,
f u
. . .
P ro es s or O f O l d T es t a m e n t L i t e ra t re , M ea d v i ll e , P a .
[N ow Rea dy .
C O N T E M P O RA RY H I S T O RY O F THE O LD T E S T AM E N T By
f
.
F R AN CI S B R O WN , D D , L L D , D L i t t , P res id en t a n d P ro es s o r o f
U h
. . . . . .
H eb re w, n i on T eo lo i ca l Se m i n a r , N e w
g y ork Y .
T H E O LO G Y O F T H E O LD T E S T A M E N T B y A B D A I S ON , D D VD
f
. . .
,
. .
L L D , som et im e P ro es so r o f H eb re w, N ew C o llege, E d i n b ur h
[N
. . .
ow Read y .
U
A N I N T R O D C T IO N T O T H E LIT E R AT R E O F T H E N E W T E S T A U
M E NT B y R ev J AM E S M O ATT , B D , M i n is t er n i t ed F ree C u rc , FF U h h
h
. . . .
B ro u g t y F e r ry, Sco tl a n d [N ow Read y . .
C A N O N A N D T E XT O F T H E N E W T E S T A M E NT B y C A S P A R RE N E
G Y f
.
G RE D D , LL D
OR P ro e s s or o f N e w T e s t a m e n t E x e ge s i s i n t h e
U , ,
. . . .
n i v e rs i t
y o f L e ip z ig .
[ N ow R ea dy .
THE LI FE O F C H RIS T By W I LL I A M SA N D A Y D D LL D L ady

f h h h f
.
, . .
, .
M a rga r e t P ro e s s or o f D i v i n i ty and Ca n o n of C ri s t C u rc , O x ord .
A H I S T O RY O F C H R I S T I A N IT Y IN THE A P O S T O LI C AG E By
A RT H U R C M C G I F F E RT , D D . . .
, P ro f e s s or of C h urc h H i s t ory , U n i on
.
T h eo
l o gi c a l S e m i n a ry , N e w o rk Y .
C O N T E M P O RA R Y H I S T O RY O F T H E N E W T E S T A M E N T By
F RA N K C P O RT E R , . f
D D , P ro e s sor o f B i bl i c al T eol o gy , a l e
. .
n i v ersi t ,
y
h Y U .
N e w H av en , Con n .
T H E O LO G Y O F T H E N E W T E S TA M E NT B y GE O R G B ST E V
f h U
. E E NS,
Y
.
D D , s o m e t i m e P ro e s sor o f S s t e m a t i c T e ol o
y gy , a le
y. N ew
n iv e r s i t
. .
H av e n , C on n .
[ N ow R ea dy .
B I B L I C A L A R C H E O LO G Y B y G B U C H A N A N G RA Y D D P ro f
f e s s or
. . .
, .
,
of H e b r e w , M a n s fi e l d C o l l e ge , O x ord .
T H E A N C I E NT C AT H O L I C CH U RC H B y RO B R AI N E , D D , Y
h
. E RT . .
LL D s om e t i m e P r i n ci p a l of N e w C o lle ge , E d i n b u rg
. .
, .
[ N ow R ea dy .
T HE LAT I N CH U R C H F RO M G R E GO RY THE G R E AT TO THE

CO U NC IL O F T RE NT .
[ Aut h or to be a n n ou nc ed l at er
TH E IN T E R N AT I O N A L TH E O L O GI C A L L I B RA R Y
T H E GRE E K A N D E AS T E R N C H U RC H E S By W F A D E NE Y D D ,
h
. . . .
, .
P r i nc i p a l of I n d e p e n d e n t C oll ege , M a n c es t er .
[N ow Read y .
T H E RE F O R M AT I O N . By T M LI N . . D S AY ,
D D . .
,
P ri n c i p a l of th e U nit e d
F ree C o l le ge , Gla s go w . [2 v ol s . N ow Ready .
C H R I S T I A N IT Y I N LAT I N C O U NT R I E S S I NC E TH E C O U NC IL OF
T RE NT . B y P AU L SA B AT I E R, D L itt . .
,
D rom e, F ra n c e .
S Y M B O LI C S B y C H ARL E S A B RI GGs , D D , D L it t , P rof es sor of

h U h
. . . . . .
T eo lo gi ca l E n cy clop ze d i a a n d Sy m b ol ics, n i o n T eo lo gica l Sem i n a r ,

y
N e w ork Y .
H I S T O RY O F C H R IS T I A N D O C T R I N E By G P FI SH E R, D D ,
f U
. . . . .
L L D , s om et i m e P ro es sor of E ccl es i a s t i ca l H is t o ry ,
. . a le n i v e rs i t y , Y
N e w H a v e n , Co n n [ Rev i s ed a n d E nl a rged E di ti on
. .
C H R I S T I A N I N S T IT U T IO N S
B y A V G ALLE N , D D , s o m e t i m e
f h
. . . . . .
P ro es s or o f E cc l es i a s t ic a l H i s to ry , P rot es t a nt E p i s cop a l D i v i n i t y Sc oo l ,
C a m b rid ge, M as s .
[N ow Rea dy .
P H I LO S O P H Y O F R E LI G IO N B y GE O R E GALL AWA G Y D D M i n is t e r
U hu h u
. .
,
of n i t ed Free C rc , C as t l e D o glas , Scot la n d .
T H E H IS TO R Y O F R E LI G I O N S B y GE O R G F M O O RE , D D LL D
f U
. E . . .
, . .
,
P ro e s sor in H a rv a rd n i v e rs i t
y .
A P O LO G E T I C S By A B B R U C E , D D , s o m e t i m e P ro e s s or of N e w f
h h
. . . . .
T e s t a m e n t E x e ge s i s , F re e C u rc Co l l e ge , Gl a s go w .
[ R ev i s ed a n d E n l a rg ed E d i /i on .
T H E C H R I S T I A N D O C T R I N E O F GO D B y WI LL I AM N C L AR K E , D D ,
f h h
.
. . .
P ro essor o f Sys t em a t i c T e ology, H a m il ton T e ol ogica l Se m in a ry .
[N ow Read y .
T H E DO CT RI N E O F M AN By W I L L I AM P P A T E RS O N , D D P rof e s s or
U
. . .
of D i v i n i ty , n i v e rs i t
y o f E d i n b ur gh .
T H E D O C T R I N E O F T H E P E RS O N O F J E S By H R US C H R IS T
f h u h
. . .
M ACK I NT OSH P h D , . .
, D D . .
,
P ro e ssor o f T eology , N e w College , E d i nb r
g .
[N ow Read y .
T H E C H R I S T I A N D O C T R I N E O F S A LV AT I O N B y GE O R G
B ST E
V f h U
. E
Y
.
E N S , D D , s o m e t i m e P ro e s s or o f S s t e m a t i c T e o l o al e n iv e r s i t y
. .
y gy, .
[N ow R ea dy .
T H E D O C T R I N E O F T H E C H R I S T I A N LI FE By W I L L I AM A D AM S
f h U h
‘
B RO W N, D D , . . P ro e s sor cf Sy s t e m a t i c T e o l o gy , n i on T e o l o gica l
S e m i n a ry , N e w Y or k .
C H R I S T IAN ET H IC S B y N E W M AN S M Y TH,D D , P a s t o r o f Co n gr e ga
h
. . .
t i o n al C u rc h , N e w H a v en .
[ Rev i s ed a n d E n l a rg ed E d i t i on .
T H E C H RIS T IAN P AS T O R AN D T H E WO R K ING C H U RC H By

W AS H I N G TO N G LA D D E N, D D . .
, P a s t o r o f Co n g re ga t i o n a l C h h u rc , C o l um b u s
.
O h io .
T H E C H R I S T IA N P R E AC H E R By A E GARVI E , D D
. . . . .
,
P ri n ci pal of
New C o lle ge Lo n d o n E n gla n d, , .
If OT H E R V OL U ME S W I LL BE AN N O N CE U D L ATE R .
( t h e 3 nt e rna t i ona l t h eol ogi ca l l i b ra ry .
E DI D
TE BY
C H AR LE S A . B R I GGS , D D
. .
, D . m ,
Gr a d u a te P r of es s or of T/zeol og zca l E n cy clop e d i a a n d Sy mb ol i cs , Un i on T/zeol og i ca l

'
S e m i n a r y , N ew Yar k
A ND
THE L ATE S T E W A RT D . F . SA L M O N D , D D . .
,
P r i nc ip a l , a nd P r of es s or f
o S y s t e m a t i c T neol ogy a nd N ew Tes t a m e n t E x ege s i s ,
Un i t ed F r ee Ch u r ch Co ll eg e, A oer d een .
T H E DO C T RIN E O F T HE P E RS O N O F J E S U S C H RIS T .
BY H . R . M AC K I N T O S H , D PH IL .
, D D . .
IN
T E RNAT I O NAL T H E O LO G IC AL L I B RARY
THE DOCTRI NE
OF THE
PE RSON OF J ESUS CHRI ST
H . R.
M CKI
A NT OS H , D P HI L .
, DD
. .
F Y
P RO ES SO R or T H EO LOG NE W COLL E GE
D BU
,
E IN RGH
N E W YO R K
C H ARL E S S CRI B NE R S
’
SO NS
1 912
TO THE ME MOR Y OF
w a rm s D
‘ o
bs
I I N SC R I B E T H I S B O O K
P RE F A C E .
I T m ay u c ss y t i f m th
n ot be d th t t h
nn e e ar o n or e rea er a e
p t b k is d sig
re s e n d chi fly
oo stud t s m u l e ne e as a en
’
an a ,
which wi t h f i m su f c mpl t ss sh uld c v

,
a a r ea re o o e en e , o o er
th Wh l
e fi ld f Ch ist l gy This f xcus s t w
o e e o r o o . so ar e e o
o f it m s p mi t f tu s t h l g sp c giv t
ore ro n en ea re : e ar e a e en o
hist ic lor ti
a d c t i f qu cy f llusi t
n a rra on , a n a er a n re en o a on o
m d lit tu
o ern My pu p s w
era t simply t f m
re . r o e as n o o or u
l t t h sul t s ch d by si gl mi d sults I
a e e re r ea e a n e n — re , as
giv f i w i g i
e a r s s igi l
a rn n xt di y
, n no e n e or na or e ra or n ar
but ls t fu ish wh t m ight b c sid d c mp t t

a o o rn a e on ere a o e en
guid t th b st c t discussi i this c u t y d

e o e e re en on , n o n r an
G m y If th s p g s sh uld h v h lp d y stud t
er an . e e a e o a e e e an en
t t k hi b
o a e i gs i t h w ld f Ch ist l gic l th ught
s ea r n n e or o r o o a o ,
or sugg st d f ui t ful li s f w i q u i y th i obj ct will

e e r ne o ne n r , e r e
h v b fully chi v d
a e een a e e .
N thi g i t h b k it is p ob bl m y s m so i d
o n n e oo , r a e, a ee n e
f
en s i bl th m
e as l ss sp cul t iv t of th
e ore or e e a e on e e con
cludi g ch pt s S m I f will judg th t ll p

n a er . o e, ea r, e a , a ro
t st ti s twithst di g I h v dd d
e a on no m t th an n , a e a e on e ore o e
v i tt mpts to xpl i i d t il h w G d b c m f
a n a e e a n n e a o o e a e, or ou r
re d mpti i
e t i th p s of J sus C h ist I
on , n ca rn a e n e er on e r .
a m c sci us th t
on p bl m of m th d is i dic t d h
o a a ro e e o n a e ere
on which pi i s wid ly div g t d

O n on lik ly t
a re e er en ,
an are e o
re mi a n To bst i f m ll ff ts to ch
so . a a n ro a e or r ea a c on
s t uctiv sy th sis f t h d t which f ith pp h ds w uld

r e n e o e a a a a re en o ,
as is k ow h v b i h m y with w ll m k d d
n n, a e een n ar on e - ar e an
a bly ch mpi d t d ci s f tim I

a on e ly pl d
en en e o ou r e . c an on ea
th t whil it c t i ly h
a , e t pl s d G d t s v
er a n His “
as n o ea e o o a e
P RE F A C E
p pl by gu m t it v th l ss d s t s m p ssibl
eo e ar en ,
ne er e e oe no ee o e
t h ld
o o vi dic t t h bs lut ss f Ch ist
or n a e i tl e a o en e o r a s an n e
l ig t c victi
en onxc pt by p ssi g d fi it ly i t th
on e e a n e n e n o e
d m i f s d th y It is t th t D gm tic st ts
o a n o r ea on e eor . no a o a ar
wh f i t h ds It is th th t D gm tic is c ll d t
er e a en . ra er a o a a e o
fix i lucid c c ptu l f ms t h whol ich t uth f

n on e a or e e r r o
which f ith is su a Th v l tio nd s lf s c ific f

re . e re e a n a e - a r e o
G d i
o C h ist which f ms t h v y h t of t h N w
n r — or e er ea r e e
T st m t m ss g c t lly b p s t d t t h
e a en e a e an n o r ea e re en e o e
mi d W ith ut isi g p bl ms f
n o ss ti lly sp cul tiv
ra n ro e o an e en a e a e
ch cta ra H c th will lw ys b m t physic i

er . en e er e
“
a a e e a n
th l gy but it is t h i m plicit m t physic f f ith movi g

eo o , e e a o a ,
n
v withi t h sph
e er f c
n sci c e ere o on en e .
My si c th ks n d eret my f i d d coll gu an a re ue o r en an ea e,
th R e P f ss
ev . H A A K dy D D who h h lp d
ro e or . . . en n e , . .
, as e e
m to
e vis th p fs d h guid d m t m y poi ts
re e e roo ,
an as e e a an n
by v lu bl c u s l d s gg sti
a a e I m ls i d bt d t
o n e an u e on . a a o n e e o
the E dit of th E p i t f p missi t

or sm
e x os or or er on o u se o e
p ti s of
or on ticl l t ly c t ibut d t its p g s
an a r e a e on r e o a e .
H . R MACK I NTOS H
. .
NE W COLLE G E, E D IN BU G R H,
6 th J une 19 12 .
C ONT E NTS .
B O OK I .
C H RIST OL O G Y I N T H E NE W T E ST A M E NT .
T
I N ROD U CTI ON .
Ma i n typ es of a p ost oli c th gh M ou t, 1 . ot i v es l ea di ng t o C hit

r s
ol ogy , 2
CH AP TE R I .
CH RI ST I N THE S Y N OP T I C Gosp a
h
.
Th e Syn op t ics a s Gos p el s , n ot b i ogra ph i es, 5 Th e um an p ort ra i t

h
.
of J e s u s , 9 Messi a h s i p of J esus , 1 4 Son of m a n , 19 Son of

h
. . .
God , 25 Th e p erson a l a ut ori ty of J es us , 3 1

. .
Not e on t h e Si nl essn ess of J esus, 3 5— 3 9 .
CH AP TE R I I .
V
P RI M I T I E CH RI S T I AN B E L I E F 39—4 8
h
E arl y s peec es i n Act s, 3 9 . Fi rst E p i s t l e of Pet er, 4 4 .
CH APTE R I I I .
TH E CH RI ST O LO GY or ST . P AU L 49 7 7
Gen esi s of t h e Pa ul i n e Ch i i st ol ogy, 50 Th e gl ori fied Lo1d , 5 2
h h h
. .
C ri st a n d t h e S pi ri t , 5 7 The i s t ori c C ri s t 6 2
. Th e Son of God , ,
.
65 P re e xi s t en ce , 6 6 Cos m i c ac t i vi t y of Ch ri st , 6 9 S ub ord i n a
h
. . .
t i on of C ri st t o God 7 1 Ad v a n ce of P a uli n i srn on p ri mi t i ve

h f
.
,
C ri s t i a n b el i e , 7 4 .
CH APTE R I V .
CH RI S T OL O GY
I N T H E E P I S TLE TO T H E H E RE W S B 78 87
h
C ri s t as H i g P ri e s t , 7 8 h Th e hu ma n J e s u s , 7 9 S on shi p of
h h
. .
C ri s t , 8 0 P ro-e x i s t e n ce , 8 3
. . 84 Comp ari s on wi t .
Pa ul i n e v i e w, 8 6 .
X CONT E NTS
CH APT E R V .
P AGE
CH RI ST OLO GY AP OCAL P SE
I N T HE Y 33-9 3
Messi a n i c symb ol i s m, 8 8 H eav en l y gl ory of J esus, 8 9 Rel a t i on
h
. .
of C ri st t o God , 9 0 .
CH AP TE R VI .
TH E J OH ANN I NE CH RI STOL O GY 9 4 — 121

Mes si a n i c i n t erest , 94 . Ch i r s t ol o
gi cal d esign , 9 5 H uma n i ty O f .
J esus, 9 9 . God , 1 0 2
S on of . P re -ex i st en ce, 10 3 Th e r i s en gl ory , .
10 6 Son of m a n , 1 0 8 Ch ri st -my st i c i s m , 1 10 Si m p l e m od a li s m ,
h h
. .
.
112 . Teac i ng O f t h e Prol ogue, 115 F i rst E p i s tl e of J o n , 120 . .
B OO K I I .
I
H ST O R Y OF C H RIST OLO GIC AL D OC T RI NE .
CH APTE R I .
CH R I S T OLO GY
I N T H E SU B -AP OS TOL I C AGE 1 22— 13 9
I n t rod uct i on , 1 22 Th e Ap ost ol i c Fa t h ers, 127 I gn a t i us , 129
h
. . .
’
Gn os t i c C ri s t ol ogy , 134 Th e Ap os t l es Creed , 1 36 . .
CH APT E R I I .
BE G I NN I N G CH R I ST O LO I CAL D O M A
S OF T H E G G 14 0 15 8
Th e Greek Ap ol ogi st s , 1 4 0 I ren aeus , 14 4 . . Mon archi a m sm , 14 7 .
Sab el l i us , 1 5 1 . Te rt ulli a n , 1 5 4 .
CH APTE R I I I .
D
TH E ASCE N AN C OF T H E Loc os D OCT R I N E Y 15 9 -17 4
N eo-P l a t on i sm , 15 9 Th e Al e xa n d ri a n T eol ogi a n s Cl e me n t , 16 1
. h .
Ori gen , 16 4 Corres pon d en ce of t h e Di on y s i i , 1 7 0

. Pa ul of Sa mosa ta , .
17 1 .
CH APTE R I V .
TH E ARI AN CON T RO E R S V Y 1 7 5 — 19 5
h
Th e eresy O f Ari us , 1 7 5 Th e Ni cen e Creed , 17 9 At h an a si us ,. .
18 3 Ma rcel lus of An cyra , 1 8 9 Movemen t s of S emi -Ari an i sm, 19 1

. . .
Th e Ca pp a d oci an Di v i n es, 1 92 .
C HAPT E R V .
C ON T R O V E RS I E S As TO T H E H U M AN I T OF CH R I ST F U LL 1 9 6 222 Y
Ap olli n a ri an i sm , 1 9 6 Nest ori a n i sm 20 1 Cy ri l of Al exa n d ri a
h
. .
, ,
20 5 E u t yc i a n i s m , 20 9
. D ogm a t i c E p i s t l e o f Leo , 211
. Counci l .
a nd Creed of Ch al ced on , 212 Monoph y si t e Con t roversy , 215 . .
Mon ot h el i t e Con t rov ersy , 219 J oh n of Da ma scus , 222 . .

C ONT E NT S
CH APTE R V I .
P AGE
LAT E R CH RI ST O LO GY
I N T H E W E ST 223 229
Augus t i n e , 223 S p a n i s Ad op t i a n l s m, 225 h Mi d dl e Ages, 226
h
. . .
T om a s Aq u i n a s, 228 D un s Scot us, 229 . .
CH APTE R V I I .
CH RI S T OLO GY
O F T H E R E O RM AT I O N CH U RC H E S F 23 0 246
h
Lut er, 23 0 h
C ri st ol ogy of t h e Lut h eran C
. h urch , 23 7 . Re f
or med
Ch ri s t ol ogy , 24 2 S ocin i a n i sm , 24 5
. .
CH AP TE R V I I I .
CH RI S T O LO GY I N TH E N I NE T E E N T H CE N T U R Y
24 7 — 28 4
T h eoce n t ri c h
a n d An t r op ocen t r i c I n t er p r et a t i on s , 24 7 Sch l ei er
h
.
m a ch er 25 0 H egel a n d h i s Sc ool , 25 6 Ken ot i c Th eor ies , 26 4

h
. . .
,
Dorn er, 27 2 C ri st ol ogy i n B ri ta i n an d Ameri ca , 27 5 Ri ts chl an d

h h
. .
t h e Ri t sc l i an s, 27 8 Mod ern Rad i cal Sc ool , 28 1

. .
B O OK III .
THE RE C ONS T RU CT I VE ST A TE ME NT OF
T H E D O C T RI NE .
P ART I .
P RE L I M I N AR Y Q UE S TI ON S .
CH AP TE R I .
TH E I NT E LL E CT U A L N E E D CH R I ST OLO F OR A 28 5 30 5 GY
h j
W h a t C ri s t i a n i t y i s, 28 5 Ob ect i on s t o Ch ri s t ol ogy , 28 6 J es us
h
. .
as h ero or ge n i us , 28 7 Li t era l fi d el i t y t o C a l ced on i m p ossi bl e, 29 2

h
. .
Th e d oc t ri n e of Two Na t ures, 294 Th e recon st ruct i on of C ri s t ol ogy ,

h h
.
29 9 . Met a p y si cs i n C ri st ol ogy , 302 .
CH APTE R I I .
CH RI STOLO GY
AN D T H E H I S T OR I C CH R I ST 3 0 6 320
J esu s t h e p oi n t O f d ep a rt ure, 3 0 6 H i s t ory a n d t h e Gos p el , 3 0 7
h
. .
H err man n s v i ew of t h e h i s t ori c C ri s t , 3 15

’
The ri s en Lord , 3 1 7 . .
CH APTE R I I I .
CH RI ST S P E RS ON I N RE L AT I O N T o H I S W OR K
’
321 3 4 4
h fl
.
Ch ri s t k n own t h roug H i s s a vi n g i n ue n ce, 3 21 H i s e t h i ca l

U h h
.
s up rem a cy , 3 25 H i s work o f At on em en t , 3 29 n i on wi t C ri s t ,
h
. .
3 33 H i s re v el a t i on of t h e Fa t er, 3 4 0
. H i s work i ll um i n ed by H i s .
p erson , 3 4 1 .
CONTE NTS
P A RT I I .
TH E I MM E D I A TE U TTE RAN CE S OF F A I TH .
CH APTE R I V .
PAGE
B
CH RI S T T H E O J E CT O F F A I T H 3 4 5 362
Th e s i m p l est s t art i n g-p oi n t , 3 4 5 Fa i t I n C ri s t a n d a i t I n God , h h f h
f h
.
345 Such a i t cen tra l i n New Test a m en t , 3 4 9 Fa i t h t o b e i n t er

h f
. .
roga t ed a t i t s h i g est s t age, 3 5 3 J es us a s m erel y S ub ec t of a i th ,

. j
35 3 H i s t ory a n d a n Abs ol ut e p ers on a l i t y , 35 5 Forgi ven ess m ed i
h hJ
.
.
”
-
a te d t roug e sus , 35 7 . J es us reli gi on , 35 9 .
CH APTE R V .
T H E E XALT E LOR D D 3 6 3 38 2
f h
Th e Ch I i s t of a i t a t ra ns ce n d en t P e i son , 3 6 3 Di d H i s i n l uen c e f
h
.
? 36 7 Th e res urrec t i on a p oi n t of t ra n si t i on , 3 6 9
cease a t d ea t
h
. .
C ri st as Gi v er of t h e S p i ri t , 3 7 3 H i s i n t erces si on , 3 7 6 My st i ci sm,
h
. .
37 8 Sov erei gn t y of C ri s t , 3 7 9
. .
CH APTE R VI .
F
TH E P E R E CT MAN H OO OE CH R I ST D 3 8 3 40 6
D ocet i sm , 3 8 3 J esus an i n d i v i d ua l m an , 3 8 5
. Yet uni versal , 3 9 1 . .
’
I n t egri t y of Ch ri s t s m a n h ood , 3 94 I t s Si n l ess q ua l i ty , 4 00 Si g
f
. .
n i fi ca n c e of H i s h uma n i t y f or a i t h , 4 0 4 .
CH APTE R V I I .
V
TH E D I I N I T OF CH RI ST Y 4 0 7 426
Mod es of a p p roa c , 4 0 7 h
Gi v i ng C ri s t t h e ri gh t p red i ca t e, 4 1 0
. h .
God h ea d t h e ul t i ma t e groun d of H is Si n l essn es s , 4 12 Of H i s un s h ared

h f h
.
“ ”
Son s i p , 4 1 5 Of H i s ri s en Li e , 4 1 8
. Is Go d h ea d t h e ri g t .
word I 4 19 T h e i n carn a t ion a s core of t h e Gos p el , 4 24

. .
P A RT I I I .
TH E TRAN S CE N DE N T I M P LI CA TE S OF F AI TH .
CH APTE R V I I I .
TH E CH R I ST I AN I E A OF I NCA RNAT I ON D 4 27 4 4 4
h f
.
Th e t ra n s cen d en t p robl ems o f C ri s t s p erson , 4 27 E t h n i c b el i e s .
i n i n carn a t i on , 4 28 I n car n a t i on a n d Di v i n e i m ma n en ce, 4 3 1

. .
Ab sol ut e i mma n en ce of God i n Ch ri s t , 4 3 4 I n carn a t i on a n d ev ol u .
t i on , 4 3 7 I n ca rn a t i on re med i a l i n p urp ose, 4 4 0

. .
CH APT E R I X .
TH E P RE -E XI STE N CE O F T HE S ON 4 4 5 —4 6 2
Pre -exi st ence a n i n f
eren t i a l con ce p t i on , 4 45 . Ob j ec ti on to i t on
A B B RE VI AT I O N S .
’
H as t i n gs Di cti ona ry of Ch r i st a n d th e Gosp el s ( 190 6
D ogm ea gesch i chte .
E xp osi tor
’
s Gr eek Testa men t ( ed . Si r W R . . Ni coll , 18 9 7
1 9 10 »
’
H a st i n gs D i cti ona ry of th e B i bl e ( 18 9 8
Rea l -E n cy cl op d d i e f T h eol ogi e K i r ch e3 ( ed
’
ur p rotes t . a . .
Ha uck , 18 9 6
Zei tsck r if t f itr Th eol ogi e a nd K i rch e .
TH E P E R SO N O F J E S U S C H R I ST
B OOK I .
C H R I ST O L O GY IN THE NE W
TE STA M E NT .
I N T R O D U C T I ON .
I T m a y be w ll t st t cl ly th t i th sk tch of N w
e o a e ea r a n e e e
T st m t Ch ist l gy which f ll ws I h v dvis dly

e a en r o o o o ,
a e a e
md a tt mpt t xp u d th um us mi ph s s
e no a e o e o n e n ero n or a e
o f pi i
o O t h co t
n on . y my g h b co fi d
n e n rar ,
ra n e as een n ne
s m wh t s v ly t t h m i typ s f p st lic d ct i
o e a e ere o e a n e o a o o o r ne .
Th s w m y c mput
e e, e six i umb th Sy ptic
a o e , a re n n er : e no ,
th ep i mitiv ( which h i clud s 1 P t ) t h P uli

r e ere n e e er , e a n e,
t h typ s
e p s t d by t h E pistl t t h H b ws d
e re re en e e e o e e re an
th eA p c lyps o a d th J h i It is t ssum d
e, an e o an n n e . no a e
th t ll six typ s
a a t t lly i d p d t f ch th e a re o a n e en en o ea o er,
but ly th t ion b d w y th y
a c p bl f b i g
n a roa a e a re a a e o e n
disti guish d By th Sy ptic typ i t h um ti

n e . e no e, n e en era on
just giv is d t d th mi d f J sus Hims lf it m y

en , en o e e n o e e as a
b g th
e a d f m th Sy p t ic G sp ls ; with this xpl
e re ro e no o e e ana
ti t h d f typ s m y b t k ls
on , e or er o pp xi m t ly e a e a en a o as a ro a e
L U
I T E RAT h N wT mRE onCh l y w lt T e e esta en t ri s t o og as a ho e— h e t ext
b k
oo N w T
s On m eT l B F
es ta H l m S hen t h eo ogy by a ur, ei n e, o tz an n , c l a t t er,
St e v en s , We i n el , an d B . Weiss ; Bey s ch l a g ,
D i e Ch r i stol ogi e d es N en en
Testa men ts, 1 8 6 6 D en n ey , J es u s Gra n b e ry , Ou t l i n e
a nd th e Gosp el , 1 908
of N ew Testa men t Ch ri stol ogy , 1 9 0 9 Sh a il er Ma t h ews, Th e Ill ess i a n i c H op e
i n t he N ew Testa m n t, 1 9 0 5 J W e i s s , Ch r i sti es , d i e A nf ci n ge ales D ogma s ,
‘
e .
Cl e me n , Rel i gi mzsgesch i ch tl i che E rk l ci r nng d es

'
190 9 ( E ng tr . .
Neuen Testa men ts, 190 9 .

2 T HE P E RSON OF J ES US CH RI ST
ch l gic l N thi g h b s id b ut Ch ist logy

ron o o a . o n as e en a a o r o
i
n D ut P uli ism
e ero- i th l ss p mi t C th lic
a n or n e e ro n en a o
E pistl s ( J m s J d
e 2 P t ) a Th s e f c u s
,
u e, e er . e e a re o o r e
m tta which d m d t b c fully i v stig t d i

ers e an o e a re n e a e n
th i w tim d pl c but t h ims f t h p s t

e r o n e an a e, e a o e re en
t tis I f lt w uld b b st tt i d by k pi g to th
rea e, e ,
o e e a a ne ee n e
m i st
a n m f C h ist l gic l st t m t d fl cti
rea o r o o a a e en an re e on .
T h t th is m i st m th t th uth s f th
a ere a a n rea ,
a e a or o e
N w T st m t
e e v tu llya i th i vi w f Ch ist
en a re e en a on e n e r e o r ,
with u ity which is p w ful

a n ugh t bs b d o er en o o a or an
subdu th i di ff c s f i t p t ti is t i d d
e e r e ren e O n er re a on , no n ee
to b lighth e t dly ssum d But it is d d ear e a e . ren e re ex
t m ly p b bl
re e by th simpl xp im t l f ct th t
ro a e e e e er en a a a
t h C h u ch h
e l w ys f u d it p ssibl t u ish h
r as a a o n o e o no r er
f ith i t h R d m f m v y p t f th post lic

a n e e ee er ro e er ar o e a o
w iti gs Fu th this t u l p s u mpti is vi dic t d

r n . r er , na ra re on n a e
by cl s sc uti y f t h f cts Tw c t i ti s
a o er r n o e a . o er a n e a re
sh d i c mmo by l l N w T st m t w it s Fi s t
a re n o n a e e a en r er : r ,
th t th lif d c sci us ss f J sus w i f m m

a e e an on o ne o e as n or co
p l t
e el y h um ; s c d th t t his hist ic lif pp h d d
an e on , a or e, a re en e
as i sti ct with t h p w s f d mpti is

n n with th e o er o re e on , on e e
lif f G d Hims lf I Ch ist th y fi d G d p s lly

e o o e . n r e n o er on a
p s tf
re en s lv ti f m i d d th Y t i spit
or our a a on ro s n an ea . e n e
or ra th b c us f this b s l g m t it is t h m
er e a e o a a a ree en e ore
imp ssiv t c t mpl t th s v ig f d m with

re e o on e a e e o ere n re e o
which th y su v y d Ch ist t lli g wh t th y w i b ks

e r e e r , e n a e sa n oo
which h v b quit justly d sc ib d lit tu

a e een t e e r e as era re, no
d gm E ch l k d t J sus with his w y s ; ch

o a . a oo e a e o n e e ea
S p k t f his w mi d ; d t f c th i w ds b u t
o e ou o o n n an o or e e r or a o
Him i t m ch ic l d xt l h m y is simply t
n o a e an a an e e rn a ar on o
misc c iv t h g ius f Ch isti f ith

on e e e en o r an a .
W m y v tu t d t mi
e a th m tiv s p ti g
en re o e er ne e o e o era n
withi t h N w T st m t mi d d l di g its sp k sm
n e e e a en n an ea n o e en
t o h i t l gi
c i m d s which t
r s o o sc d th th c tic
se n o e ra n en e e o ra
id s f Jud ism I t h m i th y pp t h v b
ea o a . n e a n, e a ea r o a e een
f u i umb
o r n n er .
1
( 1) R di g t h Ol d T st m t wit h Ch isti
ea n ys e e a en r an e e ,
1
Cf H a rn a ck , Dogmen gesch i chte‘, i 9 2
. . .
CH RI STOLOGI C A L M OTI VE S 3
th y f lt th t its v l ti t rmi t d i J su s His

e e a re e a on e na e n e .
p so His d ds His f t d subs qu t vict y w

er n, ee , a e an e en or e re
c g is d co stituti g
re o n e as l d v p cis f l fi l
n n a rea an e en a re e u
m t f p ph cy F m t h d ys f t h f th s G d h d
en o ro e . ro e a o e a er o a
f t ld His dv t d p p d His w y G d h d
ore o a en an re a re a . o a
f s
ore een d p o d i d H i m d i Him th C hu ch
an re - r a ne , an n e r ,
an d h d c mmitt d t Him t h t sk
a o f st blishi g t h
e o e a o e a n e
Divi Ki gd m H w g t th must this M b d

ne n o . o .
rea en an e, a n
h w i vit bl th t mi ds lik S t P ul should s k t

o ne a e a n e . a ee o
e xp ss His g t ss u d t h high st f ms p vid d by

re rea n e n er e e or ro e
fi t c tu y t h ught
rs - e n r o .
( 2) Th ch ct istic Ch isti f ith i J sus ’

e a ra er r an a n e
e x l t ti t
a a on pl c of sup m u d
o a d u iv s l a e ra n an e an n er a
p w i m p ll d t fl cti th s wh h ld it Th i
o er e e o re e on o e o e . e r
s s f His L dship c c d th p s t d it
en e o or on e rn e e re en an
c c d t h futu
on e rn e It sig ifi d t h j y us ssu c
e re . n e e o o a ra n e
th t a th H ly Spi it giv by Him w p w fully

e o r en as o er
e n ergisi g i b li v s d b g tti g i th m t
n n e e er an e e n n e a ra n
scen d t lif ; it sig ifi d ls th t H w uld com

en e t l st n e a o a e o e a a
i gl y th t i t h fi
n or , l sc a f l l H w uld b
n v ld e na en e o a e o e re ea e
as c t l d m ip t t This c sci us ss f th
e n ra an o n o en . on o ne o e
S pi it r d this h p
an f th P usi f m t h vi t l h tO e o e a ro a or e a ea r
o f t h p i m itiv Ch ist l gy
e r But if J sus is w g t
e r o o . e no so r ea ,
ca n H h v e ch d this pl c by b c mi g ? M ust t
a e rea e a e e o n no
th t c d ts f His c
e an e e en b such h m is with
o areer e as ar on e
His p s t dig ity ?

r e en n
( 3 ) Th ught w stimul t d by t h s u cc ss f missi

o as a e e e o on
ar y t p is
en e r A p st licr m w t
e . t b y d th o o en en ou e on e
J wish ci cl
e d f u dr v ywh th t t h G sp l
e, an o n e er er e a e o e
m d its w i m p ssi
a e o With v i c si g vivid ss
n re on . e e r - n r ea n ne
it b c m cl th t J sus w f th wh l w ld His
e a e ea r a e as or e o e or .
sig ific c w
n an u iv s l t h hu g f G d d
e as as n er a as e n er or o an
r ight us ss H must th f b d fi d i bs lut

eo ne . e e re ore e e ne n a o e
an d u iv s l t ms
n er a er .
( 4 ) Fi lly t h wit ss f J sus t Hims lf c uld t

na ,
e ne o e o e o no
but quick th ught g di g His c sci s ss f u iqu

en o re ar n on ou n e o a n e
S ship
on d t h p supp siti s
an which it st d Th
e re o on on re e . e
tim c m wh s chi g qu sti s w p u t by h

e a e en s ea r n e on e re ea rer
4 TH E P E RS ON OF J ES US CH RI ST
of Gosp l sp cti g J sus igh t t f ith d J wish

the e re e n e
’
r o a , an e
m oth ists c uld t d cli th ch ll g Just littl

on e o no e ne e a en e . as e
could th y mit t tt ch fu d m t l imp t c t t h

e o o a a n a en a or a n e o e
L d s w w ds c c i g His l ti ship t G d
or
’
o n or on e rn n re a on o o .
Th s f u ki ds f i m puls p s t with t l bl
e e o r n o e re re en o e ra e
c mpl t ss th ligi us f c s by which t h Ch ist l gic l

o e en e e re o or e e r o o a
a ctivity f t h fi st g o ti w c t ll d d i spi d
e r e n e ra on as on ro e an n re .
A d in l s s th ugh i diff t m su s ch f
n a r ea en e, o n eren ea re , ea o
t h f u s t ill
e o r t i s its ld v lu Th N w T st m t
re a n o a e . e e e a en
w it s it h b s id did t thi k f Ch ist l gy

r er ,
”
as ee n a ,
“
no n o r o o
an d of t h At m t wit h ut su ffi ci t m tiv s
e on e d en o en o e ,
an as
l g th i s s f d bt t Ch ist s viv s t h m tiv

on as e r en e o e o r ur e , e o e
for thi ki g t h s m subj cts d su ly i th m i

n n on e a e e , an re n e a n
on t h s m li e s will s u viv ls
a e ne ,
r e a o .
” 1
1 D en n ey, J es us a nd the Gosp el , 101 .

C H AP T E R I .
T I N T H E S Y N O P T I C GO S P E L S
C H RI S .
O p i t f vi w i this study f J sus p s lity

UR o n o e n o e
’
e r on a ,
as
d pict d i th Sy ptic G sp ls is d t mi d chi fly

e e n e no o e ,
1
e er ne e
by t w f cts ch impo t t i i t w w y T b gi
o a , ea r an n s o n a . o e n
with w i t st d m i co victi s th i t h
, e a re n ere e ore n n on an n e
LI T E R AT U RE — Scot t , The K i n gd om a nd the Messi a h , 1 9 11 H ol t zma n n ,
D as messi a n i s ch e B e wu sstsei n J esu, 190 7 ; P ort er The M essa ges of the

,
Ap oca l yp t i ca l Wr i ters, 1 9 0 5 ; B ruce , Th e K i n gd om o f God 2

,
1 8 90 ;
Sa n d ay , Th e L if e of Ch r i s t i n Recen t Resea r ch , 190 7 ; Dal man , D i e Wor te
J esu, 18 9 8 ( E ng . tr . Sc h wei t zer, Von Rei ma/rus zn Wred e, 19 0 8
( En g tr . . St ei n b eck , D a s gettl i che S el bst bewns stse i n J esu n ach dem
Zeugn i s d er S ynop ti ker , 19 0 8 Monn i er, L a mi ss i on hi stor i qu e de J esu s,
19 0 8 m Rei che Gottes, 18 9 5
Ti t i us , J esu L eh re vo
f
f h
.
1
J esus i s p resen t ed rom much t h e s a m e p oi n t of v i ew i n Mark , Ma t t ew,
a n d Luk e , t h e broa d i m res si on b e i n
p g i d en t i cal ( cf our a m i l i ar p ra se, th e f h
h h h
.
J es us of t h e Sy n op t i cs t h oug i n ea c case a v a ri a ti on of l i g t a n d sh a d e
is ob serv a bl e . Th us th e s ta n d p oi n t Of Ma rk i s i n d i ca t e d by 11
:
“
Th e
Ch i fi Ch i
”
gos p el o f J esus r s t , t h e S on of God H e h as a Sp eci c r st ol ogy
h wh l h
.
J esus wa s Son of God ( t e on e wi t God in n at ur e ) ev en i e on eart
l f
. .
,
an d is so a dd res sed a t t h e Ba p t i s m, t h e fi rst record ed i n ci d en t O f H is i e.
Ma rk d raws Hi m as H e a pp ea red t o con t emp ora ri es , li v i ng out t h h e t rut

of D i v i n e Son s i p h f h
T ere i s n o st ory of b ir t
i or i n a n cy h Wh l h e t e
ffi i wi h P l i i m d h h
. .
gen era l con c ep t i on h a s l c ose a n t i es t au n s an t e F ourt
G p l ( f J W i
os e D o E m IL) h h m
e ss , l im i
as ael tes te
i va n gel i u 42 t e u an ta t on s
f h i Di i f g
. .
, ,
o t p s li y v ne wi
erson a h p f Hi
t a re n ot or ot ten — t n ess t e re or t o s
ina b i li y d m i gh y w k
t to N ho I M h w t h th
or s in a zare t n at t e on t e o er
f lfilm f Ol d T m h p d
,
h d J
an pp esus h a ears as t e u en t o es t a en t o es an
d f Ab h m
,
M i i p di i
es s a n c H i h S
re f D id
ct on s ; B e s t e on o av an o ra a ut
h gh h Ch i f p p h y wi h
.
t ou t e t rue p i l mi i r stJ w H h
o ro ec t a S ec a s s on to e s, e as
bl i h d
,
b een j d by H i w
re ect e i d h i q s o n n at on an as n con s e uen ce es ta s e a
Ki gd m f l l p pl
n o Th o m I mma l ( G d wi h
eo ) b l
es e na e a n ue o - t -us e on gs to
f M k whi h m i h
.
Hi m M h w l y i liat t mi e ms t ron g nc n es to o t s ta t e en t s O ar c g t
w h
.
’
m i
’
s ee g n con p p ruous f J p it ( Al l
a ro er rev eren ce or es us erson se e en s
C mm o i IL ) d g
en ta ry , x xx p mi L d pl an f i v es ro n en ce to our or
'
s a ce as ut ure
L k whil Ch i Q i hi )
,
J dgu e. b di g
u e, l gy ( h mbl
e n ot o t ru n a r st o o e res e es n t s ,
’
se i zes e v ery opp ort u n i ty to a ccen t ua t e t he u n i v e rsa l i t
y of J es us m i ss i on .
5
6 TH E P E RSON OF J ES US CH RI ST
m t l p c ss s by which th y w
en a ro e tt i d W wish
e e e re a a ne . e
t o k w wh t t h w it s f th fi st th G sp ls
no a e r er o e r ree o e
b li v d c c i g J sus ; it is f us l ss u g t
e e e on e rn n e or a e r en
qu sti h w f w
e on sc t i th x ct d i
o ar e ca n a er a n e e a or er n
which t h v i d l m ts f this b li f s
e ar e th e e en o e e a ro e , or e
i flu c s u d which it w f m ul t d i w ds Th t
n en e n er as or a e n or . a
t h E v g lists h uld h v
e an e g d d J sus M ssi h is
S o a e re ar e e as e a
O bvi usly f ct f much g t sig ific c th

o a a o ythi g rea er n an e an a n n
no w disc v bl t t h succ ssiv st g s f th i f i t h

o er a e as o e e e a e o e r a .
O c w h v m d
n e e t th i co victi
a e s w justifi d
a e ou e r n on , e a re e
i pl di g th t t h c t t f
n ea n id m u st t b
a e on e n o an ea no e con
fus d with its hist y i smuch

e thi gs wh t th yor ,
na as n a re a e
t wh t th y c m f m Wh t v th sto y f ”
are, no a e a e ro . a e er e r o
its g sis th s w it s h d g i d w d ful imp s

en e , e e r er a a ne a on er re
si of J sus ; this imp ssi th y sh i d i b ks

on e re on e en r ne n oo
which w i
no h ds ; d f m th s b ks w
a re n our an an ro e e oo e
m y c tch th t imp ssi

a a w mi ds wi t h ut
a re on on our o n n o a
t oo distu bi g p cc u p ti with m tt s f ch l gy
r n re -o a on a er o ron o o
or th ffili ti
e a of c c ptio s a on on e n .
But i d d d this is t h s c d d cisiv f ct

n ee — an e e on e e a
th ch ct f th G sp ls is f ki d whic h m k s
e ara er o e o e o a n a e
ch l gic l x ctitud q u it imp ssibl W c t

rono o a e a e e o e
. e an n o
d t y f t h th wit h c t i ty
a e an o e w g re e er a n ,
n or ca n e a rra n e
th i c t ts i
e r on en t mpo l d wh ich comm ds y n a e ra or er an an
thi g lik u im u s ss t T c sid bl xt t

n e nan o a en . o a on era e e en
th ei v stig ti f t h lif f J sus i c t tim s h

n e a on O e e o e ,
n re e n e , as
b ee n t l t i fi d by
s u dic l e i m th d ; t h a ra a e rror n e o e e rror
o f supp si g th t t h o G sp lsn bi g phi s i t h

a e o e a re o ra e n e
H e his t eG dSon k m h H
Of o l g i se e i ng a ll en e n ce i s gen ea o y s t ra ced n ot
hm h f
,
m A
ere l y b ra
Ad m g l b ut t o
’
to T a a he e va n e i s t s c i e i n t erest cen t res
h M hw dLk
, .
in H p is su m
ern a t ura l h ea l i n g i n i s t ry B ot at t e an u e n arra t e
h f
.
H
’
t h e Vi rgi n
b i rt h , t J l S
us a
pp aren t l y re erri n g é s us s p eci a onshi p to is
b h f m
i rt ro S the p i ri t
p h
.
Q is a n e n t i t y sod y mp
hy d w ot et i ca l an n eb ul ous that an atte t to ra
out Ch
i ts m h hd
ri s t ol ogy H
us t k m be in a ig gree p recari ous
e . a rn a c ak es
an i n t eres t i n g cOI I t 1 I b u t i on to the j

s ub e ct i n h i s S a y i n gs f J esu s
o , 23 3 111,
ba sed , o f co uI s e , on h i s s p ec i a l c on s t ruct i on o f Q H e fi n d s t h a t t h e com .
p il er of Q re a rd ed J es us as t h e Mes si a h , con secra t ed a s Son of God a t t h e

g
Ba p t i s m a l so
”
t h at he n e v er ca l l s our Lord 6 K t p ros, b ut si m pl y J es us , or
t h e Ch ri s t .
th e T mpl b l gs t th c m m c m t f His c
e e e on o e o en e en o areer
or to its cl s N b quit su wh th His

o e . o on e can e e re e er
public mi ist y l st d th y s n ; i ith c s r a e r ee ear or on e n e er a e
our b li f g di g t h g t ss f His p s is th
e e re ar n e rea n e o er on e
s m Simil ly w must t x gg t th imp t c

a e . ar , e no e a e ra e e or an e
o f t h qu sti h w f
e th pictu f J sus fu ish d
e on o ar e re o e rn e
by t h Sy ptics h b subst ti lly ff ct d by l t

e no as een an a a e e a er
Ch isti r xp i c Th p ssibility f this c t

an e e r en e . e o o an n o
b d i d
e But it is ly up t h hyp th sis th t t h
en e . on on e o e a e
Ch isti vi w f J sus is mist k th t t h i cid c

r an e o e a en a e n en e
o f this m dify i g f c w uld f m l gitim t subj ct of

o n or e o or a e a e e
c mpl i t If i s m t sc d t w y H w S f
o a n . n o e ra n en en a e as on o
G d th s wh b li v d i
o ,
Him must h v q u i d
o e o e e e n a e re re a
c t i p i d f tim t
er a n lis fully t h m g itud f His
er o o e o r ea e e a n e o
p ser on Wh th i y s w . p d i c s qu c en e r e e ere O en e , n on e en e
o f th su cti wh t th y b h ld w
e re f rre d on , a e e e as no ree an
i d p d t c ti f ligious f cy ; it w th d p
n e en en rea on o re an as e ee er ,
e v tu l t uth f f cts w pp ci t d f t h fi st tim

en a r o a no a re a e or e r e .
F it h i th w ds did t i c p cit t th v g lists

a , n o er or ,
no n a a a e e e an e
as t s ; it show d th m th h w i fi it ly t h
n a rra or e e , ra er , o n n e e
lif f J sus d s v d
e o ti Th impuls t
e s l ct e er e n a rra on . e e o e e ,
t fli g u p
o w ds i cid ts light sw i g t t h
n on or or n en a an er n o e
l t situ ti f t h C hu ch is tu l d i t lligibl ;
a er a on o e r ,
na ra an n e e
wh t is t is
a impuls t d f m t f b ic t
no so an e o e or or o a r a e .
“
Fid lity t th hist ic l t diti
e sy m p th tic w it
o e or a ra on , a a e r er
h as s id w u d ubt dly t h chi f i m f t h Sy ptic

a ,
“
as n o e e e a o e no
w it s Th i w k m y h
r er . d th b t cs f e r or a e re an e re ea r ra e o
th l gic l c l u i g b t th i fi st i t st w i th
eo o a o o r n ,
u e r r n er e as n e
f cts Th i p t w
a . t t i t p t but simply t
e r ar as no o n er re ,
o
c d
r e or .
”
1
W ssum th t h subst ti l c ct ss f th
e a e, en , e an a orre ne o e
Sy ptic p t it
no It pp ls t t h mi d f t h t u or r a . a ea o e n o e r e
s k wi t h s lf vid ci g d h m i us p w
ee er Th e -e en n an ar on o o er . e
w it s h v
r er t hi g f p s f d ct ia l i fl xibility
e no n o o e, o o r na n e ,
o f mis tim d lit y tific Th i subj ct h b

- e e ra r ar e . e r e as ee n
g i c en t th m ; i t w uld b o g i st tu f th m te o e a a n na re or e o
t k lib ti s with its ss ti l m i g B sid s th

a e er e e en a ea n n . e e ,
e
P f S G l 1 ro essor E F . . cot t , T h e F our th osp e ,

2 .
J ES US ’
H U M AN CH A RA CT E R 9
u ifn or m qu lity f t h wh l gu t s its t uth ; its

a o e o e a ra n ee r
pu r e or igi lity c sti t ut s c t ific t f igi A t h

na on e a er a e o or n . s e
f g
ra ra n c dw lls i ch s l f so ll t h u iqu ss
e e n ea r o e - ea ,
a e n en e
of J e s u s is p s t i ch w d I j d A
re en g n ea or . n e er eu sser u n
steekt d er ga uze Men sch .
To p t t sk is i t p t tiv t h th
re ea ,
ou r a n er re a e ra er an
hist ic l i t h
or w s s I t is t t k c ss
a n e n a rro er en e . o a e a ro
Se cti f th Sy ptic vi w f J sus with th bj ct f

on o e no e O e , e o e O
di ff ti ti g t h l m ts which bl d i it
ere n a n gist e e e en en n ,
SO re er
i g t h c mp sit imp ssi

n e h ld d fix d i t diti
o o e re on e an e n ra on .
N w i t h d p st s s t h Sy ptic vi w f J sus is
o n e ee e en e , e no e o e
si m pl with t h simplicity f tu
e, H is g t e o na re . e rea er,
i d d th
n ee y c d ,
f His lif ; y t it
a n an ls h c ught re or o e e a o as a
f m H im t h c sist t t
ro f simpl m j sty e O th on en on e o e a e . n e
o th h d withi this g t u ity w c u t di ff

er an ,
n rea n e en o n er er
en ces ,co t sts i dividu lly disti guish bl sp cts ch

n ra ,
n a n a e a e , ea
of which c t ibut s vit l l m t t th wh l His

on r e a a e e en o e o e .
p s is xhibit d i
er on v i ty f l ti s t G d d
e e n a ar e o re a on o o an
m an V y sp ci lly wh t H cl im d t b w xp ss d
. er e a a e a e o e as e re e ,
by Him His b h lf i f w p f u dly ig ific t

or on e a , n a e ro o n S n an
titl s I th s titl s
e . g th d up th id s which
n e e e a re a ere e ea
b li v s by th tim
e e er G sp ls w comp s d h d
, e e ou r o e er e o e ,
a
c m to ch ish g di g J sus but which th y h ld

o e er r e ar n e , , as e e
,
sp g igi lly f m His w s lf c sci u s ss T
ra n or na ro o n
‘
e - on o ne . O
u d st d wh t s u ch m s titl s m is p h ps t
n er an a na e or e ea n er a o
s lv th h d st d m st lusiv p bl m i Sy ptic
o e e ar e an o e e ro e n no
Ch ist l gy But fi st w must sc uti is th hu m

r o o . r e r n e e an
p t it t h v g lists h v d w
or ra e e an e a e ra n .
c t mpl ti g J sus th m
In on emi d i t h a n e e an , as rrore n e
Sy pticsno w must s f gu d u s lv s g i st t h
,
e a e ar o r e e a a n e
t d cy t sig lis i His ch ct t h s f tu s

en en o na e n a ra er o e ea re
exclusiv ly which tt ct t h m d
e mi d A t a ra e o ern n .
1
no
“
1
H ar n ack h as a s ca t hi n g p a s sa ge on t h e e x t rem e a n d m u t ual l y
ex cl usi v e v i e ws of J esu s
’
f
i n d i v i d ua l i t y t o b e oun d i n m od ern l i t era t ure
( Sa yi n gs of J esu s, p x ii i ) On t h e h u m i l i a t i n g con t rov ersy as to the
h h
. .
“ “
m y s t i ca l J es us , s ee Mu i rh ea d s
”
C ri s t a n d th e i s t ori cal a r t i cl es
’
in
t h e Revi e w of Th eol ogy a nd Ph i l osop h y , vol . vi . 5 7 7 tf .
, 633 ff .
u tu l v l t h t k pl c f m th m di v l
nna ra re o as a en a e ro e e ae a
im g which s k d p i t t h c mm h t d
a e an ee n o e o on ea r , an
which h d p s t d Him chi fly

a re mil d d l wly
re e n e e as a an o
S fl u
'
q u i t p ti t v s to c flict wh lif d
erer, e ,
a en , a er e on , os e e an
d th b th d ly g t l ss d c lm To d y t h
ea rea e on en en e an a .
- a
, e
p dulum bids f i t
en ch th pp sit xt m I a r o r ea e O o e e re e . n
m y m d sk tch J sus is giv

an a o fi y d imp i us
e rn e , e en a er an er o
t mp m t with c p city f i dig t

e era en ,
sc ful a a a or n n an or or n
p ssi which w d th
a on sc p s f m His c t l no an en e a e ro on ro .
F or th id l f e tim is st gth d t h su p m
o o ou r e re n , an e re e
re ligi us p s lity must b ll c mp ct f p w

o er on a d e a o a o o er an
en e r gy Th G sp ls co fi m ith f th s pp s d
. e o e n r ne er o e e O o e
d li ti s I d d t h f shi i which diff t mi ds

e n ea on . n ee , e a on n eren n
d w f m th s m c d wid ly diff i g c c pti s f

ra ro e a e r e or e er n on e on o
th c t l Ch ct is s u ly sugg sti th t i His

e e n ra a ra er re a e on a n
p s th m t w d usly t h m st div s tt ibut s

er on ere e , on ro , e o er e a r e
an d disp siti s ls wh o m if st d ly i disp t d

on e e ere an e e on n a ra e a n
on e - sid d f ms e or .
Th v g lists wh s k t p v J sus m ho d ;
e e an e no ere ee o ro e e
’
an o
it is f th m t cit d s lf vid t ssumptio H

or e a a an e -e en a n . e
is v l d t u s withi t h li s d dim si s f h u m
re ea e o n e ne an en on o an
e xp i c ; er en e d th g l t ustw thi ss f t h
an e en era r or ne O e
n a rra tiv m y b ck d f m t h f ct th t His

e a e re on e ro e a a
high b i g t h ugh cc pt d by th w it s is v
er e n , o a e e e r er ,
ne er
o bt ud d i c g u u ly
r e t n d m Chu ch hist y is
on r o s or a ran o . r or
r ich i vid c th t Ch isti s f g t t h m h d f

n e en e a r an or e e an oo o
th i L d wi t h m zi g s ; b u t th y h v d
e r or a a n ea e e a e on e so
on ly b c us th y d t h G sp ls W th v il d f c
e a e e r ea e o e i e e a e .
J sus b dily d m t l lif pl i ly b y th ul s

e
’
o an en a e a n o e e r e
o f tu l hum d v l pm t Luk sums up t h

na ra an e e o en . e e
sc ty c ll cti s f His childh d i t h st t m t

an re o e on O oo n e a e en
t h t J sus c t i u d t dv c i wisd m d st tu
a
“
e on n e o a an e n o an a re ,
an d i f v u with G d
n a d mo r d t h w ds o an an
”
an e or
en u ci t p i cipl th t c v s t h t i lif It is
n a e a r n e a o er e en re e .
imp ssibl t c c iv p i t t which t h v g lists

o e o on e e a o n a e e an e
w u ld h v h ld th t H h d thi g m t l
o a e e f a e a no n or e o ea rn o
His F th s will I t h physic l sph H is th

a er
’
. n e a e re e au en
tic lly m
a Wh th T mpt ti w p st H
an . en e e a on as a ,
e
TH E PI ET Y OF J E S US 11
h u g d ; th c ss H thi s t d d l g d t d i k ;
n e re 0 11 e ro e r e an on e o r n
H sl pt f m w
e e i ss i t h b t up t h l k His
ro ea r n e n e oa on e a e .
c cl s d i p i
a re er d d th
o e d bu i l
n A d His a n an ea an r a . n
s ul lif is qu lly m l Th w h u s wh H
o -
e e a n or a . ere ere o r en e
re joic d i spi i t ; t h u b li f f His w cou t y m

e n r e n e e o o n n r en
m v d His st ishm t ; H m v ll d t t h c tu i s
o e a on en e ar e e a e en r on
’
f ith glimp s f His h t b k t i His c mp ssi

a se o ea r r ea ou n o a on
for t h u sh ph d d multi t ud
e n f et h wid w f N i
er e e or or e o o a n,
in th b i f g with which H d v th m y
e r e an er e ro e e on e
ch g s f m t h T mpl i t h d si f th m
an er ro e e e, n e e re or e co
p i hi
a n on s p f t h Tw lv i His ot s v J us l m e e e, n ear o er er a e .
E v y wh l s m
er m ti t ch d Him fi di g fit u t l t
o e o e e o on ou e , n n o e
in w d or t M st sig ific t f ll His pi t y is

or ac . o n an o a , e
hum Th
an B p t ism d T mpt ti w sc s f
. e a an e a on ere en e o
p y ; H w f u d by discipl s p yi g i s c t ; it
ra er e as o n e ra n n e re
w as wi t h p y His lips th t H h l d t h m
ra er on a e ea e e an
d f d du mb t h t H f d t h multitud t h t i th
ea an , a e e e e, a n e
g d H w s tl d th ugh t h g y d t t h d
ar en e re e ro e a on an a e en
g v u p His spi i t N h d w f st g m t f ll
a e r . o S a o o e ra n e en e on
His c m mu i ; y t t h u qu ch d l gi g with which

o n on e e n en e on n
H e s t d t t h F t h b t k s d p c sumi g
re or e o e a er e o en a ee ,
on n
s s f d
en e o n ee .
Th ch ct ist ics f J sus p s l ligi

ree a ra er o e
’
er on a re on a re
pl c d by t h Sy ptic G sp ls i st g li f
a e e no o e n ron re e .
Fi st His f i th His c sci us t ust i G d H l y

r ,
a , on o r n o . ere a
th sou c f t h f lt p w i whic h H cc mplish d

e r e o e e o er n e a o e
e v y duty It s t d d ubtl ss
er . th c sci us ss re e , o e , on e on o ne
th t th F t h
a d H w
e b d by u s t i s y t
a er an e er e ou n n ee n e ,
e
as it fill d d c t ll d t h ught d t w f l it t
e an on ro e o an ac e ee o
b s m thi g which w
e o e b i g c ll d t imi t t b c us
n e a re e n a e o a e, e a e
id lly d disti ctiv ly t h f ith f m

ea an S H w n e e a o an . O e as
en a bl d t c st His bu d
e o th L d ll t h m
a r en on e or , a e ore
c mpl t ly t h C ss d w
o e e as N wh d s J su
e ro re n ea r . o ere oe e s
’
t ust i
r G d pp n m w d ful th i p s c
o a ea r ore on er an n re e n e
o f t h c t st ph e which i u t w d s mbl c w t
a a ro e ,
n o ar e a n e, as o
sw p d w His p s
ee o d His c us
n t c mm ui er on an a e o o on r n .
If H t i u mph d i p sp ct f d th f i it w
e r e n ro e o a ea or s n, as
th ugh c f d t li c
ro a th F th
on i A d f men re an e on e a er . n ro
12 TH E P E RS ON OF J ES US CH RI S T
this fl w d His p o Th
e u t ubl d c l m of s ul w ea ce . e n ro e a o e
m k i Him w m if st d l ss du i g His p ssi

ar n as an e e e r n a on ,
wh H w f c d by His f s th i t h m t sti g
en e as a e oe ,
an n e ore e n
h u s just b f wh H p t d f m His f i ds But

o r e or e, en e ar e ro r en .
f qu tly i t h c u s f His public m i ist y t h is

re en n e o r e o n r ere
visibl p f u d c t st b tw tumult d up
e a ro o n on ra e een an roar
ro u d b ut Him d t h i t i c lm f h t t st
n a o an e n er or a o a ear a re
i G d
n oThis i w d st H st v t imp t t th s
. n ar re e ro e o ar o o er
( M t 1 1 cf J 28 '
Fi lly H .w ctunt d by na , e as a a e an
i fi i t l which m y b s id t h v f m d th v y
n n e ove, a e a o a e or e e er
subst c f His tuan e o It w p im ily l v t G d na re . as r ar o e o o ,
i wh m w
n o th w ll sp i gs f His lif but it v
er e e e - r n o e, o er
fl w d i
o e c m p h siv l v t m
n a o re en e o e o an .
J sus f lt k ly t h p ssu f t mpt ti

e e Th
een e re re o e a on . e
impuls f s lf p s v ti c uld t b c m
e o e sci us
- re er a on o no e o e c on o
with u t i duci g th dist ss f m l c flict W fi d

o n n e re o ora on . e n
Him w stli g with th d si t v d p i t j y

re n e e re o e a e a n, o en o
thi gs wh l s m
n d l v ly t c mm d succ ss
o e o e d an o e ,
o o an e an
a cq u i i flu c H d H t sh u k f m d th H
re n en e . a e no r n ro ea , e
w u ld h v b l g d t
o a th
e c th u s A d i
e on e o an o er ra e an o r . n n
t h st uggl thus f c d
e r Him H k w t h p w f i
e or e on ,
e ne e o er o s n
so f arit m y b k w p t f m s lf i d t i fi t i
as a e no n a ar ro e — en ca on
with its vil ; f y t fu th e Ch ist d m sp ks

so ar , e no r er . r en o ea
f t h T mpt ti
“
if th t which f ll w d His b ptism ”
o e e a on , as a o o e a
w ere is l t d f ct But t h p ssu l st d t th

an o a e a . e re re a e o e
en d; d f w t hi gs i
an th G sp ls
e m subdui g n n e o e ar e ore n
th th w ds i which J sus g t fully ck wl dg s

an e or n e ra e a no e e
t h fid lity f t h s wh h d
e e om i d with H i m th ugh
o e o a re a ne ro
ou t His t i ls ( Lk r a
Th J sus f t h Sy ptics sh
e e s i t h c mm
o e no a re n e o on
s cul b li fs f His w tim His hum f cul t i s

e ar e e o o n e . an a e
O p t i m di c l u d d i m p g t d by th g t
era e n e a o o re an re na e e rea
m v m ts f t h p st
o e en H pp s t h p g f hist y
o e a . e a ea r on e a e o or
as a J w f t h fi st c tu y with t h J wish mi d
e o e d r en r ,
e e n an
t mp m t T i t p t His m ss g w
e era en . d to n er re e a e e n ee no
t v l t b y d t h H b w f ti ; thi g is h
ra e ou e on e e re ron er no n ere
f m th wisd m f Bu dd h
ro e Pl t thi g v f m
o o a or a o, n o n e en ro
th e f si f H ll ism d H b ism i th c ucibl f

u on o e en an e ra n e r e O
LI M I T AT I ONS or K N OW L E D G E 13
Ae l x d i H w u tu d i G lil wh H m ust
an r a . e as n r re n
‘
a ee , e re e
h v c u t d som imp ssi s f th l g w ld ;

a e en o n ere e re on o e a r er or
but littl i His t chi g c lls G c R m civilis ti

e n ea n re a r e o- o an a on .
N v t h l ss t h u iv s li t y f His spi it h
e er e e , e ffi iti s
n er a o r as a n e
with t h bl mi d f G c I th m i His s ul
e no er n o ree e . n e a n o
d w its u ishm t f m p ph t d ps lmist ; y t

re no r en ro ro e an a e
th w th t i H i m H k w which w uld m k H i m
ere as a n , e ne ,
o a e
c mp h d d d ffic ci us i th w ld utsid P l sti

o re en e an e a o n e or o e a e ne .
Th ch ct f J sus it h b s id d s t ” “
e ara er o e ,
as een a , oe no
re v l J wish t its m ly b u t such ls

ea e ra H ll ic ere ,
a o a s a re e en
i th l g
n e s s th t i Him th s d fi it typ s f
a r er en e so a n e e e n e e o
m h d w d fully c mpl m t d b l c ch th
an oo on er o e en an a an e ea o er .
Th ful ss f t h ti m s h d c m
” 1
e ne o e e a o e .
It h g du lly b c m cl th t t m k J sus
as ra a e o e ea r a o a e e
re sp sibl f such thi gs

on e th d t ils f
or th i n as e e a o an e co
p litic l syst m v lid f l l ti m

o a t
e i v t His w ds
,
a or a e , or o n es or
with l g l uth ity i m tt s f Biblic l c i t icism d

e a a or n a er o a r an
hist y is wh lly misl di g d i l v t Th

or ,
o lm ea n an rre e an . e r ea
o f sci tific k wl dg en is i which H b c m

no e e on e n e e a e
lik e t His b t h
un o I c t s t bly H xhibi t s t re r en . n on e a e e a
d ifl t ti m s wh lly b m l p t ti p c pti
f
er e n e a o a n or a e n e ra on , a er e on
o f m s th ughts which f utst ips th i sight v

en
’
o ar o r e n e en
O f p ph ts ro But w c t p k f His m isci c

e . e an n o S ea o o n en e
e xc pt w d s t t h s u c s Of th t d y th t
e as e e er e o r e .
“
a a or a
h u H e s id pl i ly k w th
o r,
”
a t v th a n ,
“
no e no on e, no e en e
an g ls i h v
e yn t t h S eabut t h F
en , th n or e e on , e a er
( Mk 13 ) d cl ti f ig
32 —
c which it is sug
a e a ra on o n or a n e ,
g ti
es t ve t is t i sis t d
o n o e, ft t h su c t i no n e on a er e re rr e on
(A c Al g with this g s t h f ct th t H m k s
on oe e a a e a e
i qui i s d m if sts su p is ; but th t i d i g H

n r e an an e r r e a n o n so e
w as acti g p t is c dibl ly t t h i cu bly d c tic

n a ar re e on o e n ra o e
mi d n .
It ls pp s f m t h Sy p tic
a o a tiv th t
ea r ro e no n a rra e a
th mighty w ks f J sus w
e t d or t f ( o it e e re no on e ou o as
w ) i d p d t p s l s u c s b t t h ugh p w
ere n e en en e r on a re o r e , u ro o er
re ec iv d f m G d Th F th h d b s t w d
e ro o H im
. e a er a e o e on
th M ssi ic L dship v
e e an ll t hi gs m b c d wi t hi
or o er a n e ra e n
1
v on Sod en , D i e wi ch ti gs ten F r a gen i m L ebcn J es n , 1 10 .
14 TH E P E RSON OF J E S US CH RI S T
His lif w k ; this d l g t d uth ity H x cis d i

e- or e e a e a or e e er e n
f ith d ck wl dg d with th ksgivi g H sc ib s

a an a no e e an n . e a r e
th e gl y f His mi cl s t th F t h
or o At t h s m ra e o e a er . e a e
tim t h v dic t p s d
e, e N z ert h t t h ff ct th t a se on a a re o e e e a ,
owi g t t h u b l i f H c u t d th J sus c u ld
n o e n e e e en o n e re e re, e o
w k or mi cl ( M k
no h ft b misc st u d
ra e as O en een on r e .
Th m e i g is t th t t h p pl s mist ust d p iv d
e an n no a e eo e
’
r e r e
H i m f M ssi ic p w ; it is
o e th th t t h thic l
an o er ra er a e e a con
di t i f
on s c pti b i g bs t m l imp ssibility
o re e on e n a en ,
a ora o
e xist d t h t H sh uld put His p w i ctiv p ti

e a e o o er n a e o era on .
Ch ist l gy f a p i i t d cy h t ft b
r o o o an r or en en as oo o en ee n
p m it t d t c ch up th i t p t ti f t h fi st
er e o en roa on e n er re a on o e r
th G sp ls wi t h sults qu lly disc c ti g d

ree o e ,
re e a on er n an
i c h t Att mpts f x mpl t vi dic t f J sus

n o eren . e , or e a e, o n a e or e
a d ubl c sci us ss
“
o e d ubl will th
on o ne
”
or a
“
o e
”
— e on e
hum d b s t wi t h limit ti s t h
an an th i fi it d
e e a on , e o er n n e an
Divi m ly imp s
n e— th v g lic d t d g m tic
ere o e on e e an e a a a o a
sc h ti m
e rn a f much l t s igi thus g v ly imp di g
o a er or n, ra e e n
th w k e f bj ctiv i qui y N t ly d th y b k
or o o e e n r . o on o e rea
t h m v ll us u i t y f imp ssi
e ar e oc t d by His p s ;
n o re on rea e er on
th y e th utc m f t d cy mist k th ugh

a re e o o e o a en en ,
a en o
d v ut t fl ct
e o , th s o t hly y
re s th di t
e on e e ea r ea r e ra an
gl y f t h x lt d Ch ist B t this is t ig
or O e e a the r . u o n ore e
w ll m k d N w T st m t disti cti i t h m i
e - ar e e e a en n on n e an
t st d b i g
e e f J sus b fe n th su cti
O d ft e e or e e re rre on an a er .
T tho p st lic mi d th lif f t h Asc d d O w

e a o o n , e e o e en e ne as
no m p l g ti f t h
ere t hly c
ro on It wa on o e ea r a reer . as an
e xist c ch g d with h igh p w b c us i v st d

en e ar e a er o er , e a e n e e
wi t h w d u iv s l t t ibut s T ig
ne an t h hum
n er a a r e . o n ore e an
c diti s f t h hist ic lif th f is t miss t h

on on o e or e, e re ore , o e
c t st f thly hu mili t i
on ra o d sc d d m j sty
ea r It is a on a n a en e a e .
a ls t m iss t h v st d m i g s c ific f G d ; f th s
o o e a re ee n a r e o o or e e
ci cu m st c s f s lf b g ti g li mit ti f m t h l st
r an e o e -a ne a n a on or e a
an d high st xp ssi f t h l v wh
e e with th F th
re on o e o e e re e a er
b w d d w t bl ss us i th S
o e o n o e n e on .
A c s ti tutiv l m t i th f i t h f Is l h d l g
on e e e en n e a o ra e a on
b e en th h p f th M ssi h c c iv d t
e o e o sc d e e a ,
on e e no as a e on
Me ssi ic w k D t h w uld i v st Him with th full

an or . ea o n e e
e x cis f His ffici l p w

er e o o a o er .
A m i mp t t q u sti y t m i s J sus
ore or a n e on e re a n : e
b li v d Hi ms lf t b M ssi h ; wh l y t h m i g
e e e e o e e a e re a e ean n
o f this titl f His mi d ? W e f bl t

or n e ar e so ar a e o
d t mi its m i g f His c t m p i s I J wish

e er ne ea n n or on e or ar e . n e
re ligi ( f P 2) t h Ch ist d t s th
on o . S i tdH d e r
”
en o e e an o n e ea
an d L d f t h Divi or K i gd m uli g v
o d md
e ne n o , r n o er a re ee e
p pl i bliss d m j s t y Th M ssi h w c c iv d
eo e n an a e . e e a as on e e
no w sup hum figu

as a w m ch s
er d an re, n o as a an o en an
en d w d f His u iqu t sk B
o e or t m ks th t th n e a . ou s s e re ar a e
M ssi ic h p s f t h J ws i L d s d y must h v ’
e an o e o e e n ou r or a a e
o scill t d b tw t h p l s f pu
a e e thli ss d pu ee n e o e o re ea r ne an re
t sc d c
ran N
en u iv s lly ck wl dg d typ f
en e . o n er a a no e e e o
f i th p v il d E v J h th B ptist with his b

a re a e . en o n e a ,
ro e
f c m ls h i d his thu d i g p ph ci s f judgm t

’
o a e a r an n er n ro e e o en ,
c uld b t k f t h M ssi h But i g

o e a en l th or e e a . n en e ra e
f cti
un f thon C mi g O w b li v d t b t h
o e o n ne as e e e o e e
i ugu ti f t h w Ki gd m c t st phic judg m t

na ra on o e ne n o ,
a a a ro en
b i g th ss ti l p lud t His w k
e n e e en a re e o or .
J sus ttitud t this ci t h p m y b d fi d by

e
’
a e o an en o e a e e ne
s yi g th t whil t i i g t h t di t i l tli f t h
a n a e re a n n e ra ona ou ne o e
id H i fus d i t it f sh d spi itu l c t t It

ea , e n e n o a re an r a on e n .
still p i t d t th Ki g f th Divi Ki gd m ; it still

o n e o e n o e ne n o
i v lv d t h d m pti f th subj c t s by O
n o e e re i td e on o e e ne an o n e
f ort h t sk ; but t h sig ific

e a c b th f ki gd m d e n an e o o n o an
o f “
d m pti u d w t dic l t sf m t i
re e on His
”
n er en a ra a ra n or a on .
rea di g f th m w
n o w v wh c mp d wi t h
e na e as ne e en en o a re
th ep ph tic th ught f t h Old T st m t E v y

ro e o o e e a en . er
p li tic l sugg sti f ll w y

o a y h Op f ti l
e on e a a , e v er e o na on a
p d mi c ; t h ffic w c c iv d f th fi st tim
re o n an e e O e as on e e or e r e
i n spi itu l d t hic l v if sch t l gic l t m s

r a an e a —
e en e a o o a —
er .
A t this d cisiv p i t t h f J sus b k with t di

e e o n , er e ore, e ro e ra
ti on His pu p s d cl d i t s lf t th T mpt t i wh
. r o e e a re e a e e a on , en
H tu e d c f l l f m t h c iv d M ssi ic id l to
rn e on e or a ro e re e e e an ea
i d tify Hims lf with c c pti till t h u h d f

en e a on e on en n e ar o .
Th c f w d t b M ssi h sig ifi d f His mi d t

en e or ar o e e a n e or n no
t h wo k f
e ligi us T ch
r o f w L wgiv
a re but o ea er, or o a ne a er,
RE S E RV E OF J ES US 17
th e voc ti f O wh must b i g c mpl t s lv tio f

a on o ne o r n o e e a a n or
si ful m p i g t h Ki gd m f G d t l l b li v s
n en , O en n e n o o o o a e e er .
His lif d d th e an th ly w thy c mm t His

ea a re e on or o en on
th ught J sus w g t th
o .
y
e m d w as r ea er an an na e, an e
m ust i t p t t h n er m s H us s th ugh th P s
re d
e na e e e ro e e r on a n
His xp i c s d p w s d t th P so th ugh
e e r en e an o er ,
an no e er n ro a
f m l d fi iti f th m s
or a e n on o e na e .
” 1
Th c sci us ss th t H w
e on t h M ssi h must h v
o ne a e as e e a a e
c m t J sus t l t th His b ptism N th

o e o e no a er an a . 0 o er
p i t of ti m h
o n y cl im t k t h c mm c m t
e as an a o ra n as e o en e en
o f t h fullye c g is d v c ti W c
re o n t t ll th ugh I e o a on . e a nn o e ro
wh t i w d xp i c s this c t i ty t k p ss ssi f
a n ar e er e n e er a n oo o e on o
Him ; d it is v i t gu ss Th visi v uchs f d t

an a n o e . e on o a e o
Him t t h J d w such th t H Hims lf must b

a e or an as a e e e
g dd
re a r th e s u c f t h m i l m ts f t h
as e o r e o e a n e e en o e
n arra tiv I th t h u H k w Hims lf su mm d by

e . n a o r e ne e on e
t h F th
e t fulfil t h M ssi
a er ic w k d w fill d with
o e e an or , an as e I
th e pw d k wl dg
o er quisit f His t sk by t h \
an no e e re e or a e
c pti f th H ly Spi it
re e on o e o r .
It is t fi st disc c ti g t fi d th t J sus s lf
a r on er n o n a e
’
e
a v w l M ssi h w ch ct is d by si gul
o a as e as v as a ra er e n ar r e er e .
N or is this xplic bl by t h i d qu cy d p i i t
e a e e na e a an un s r u
a lity f t h t diti l c c pti ; f

O e ra w h v s it
on a on e on or , a s e a e een ,
w as still p t J sus t m k f th titl wh t H ch s

o en o e o a e o e e a e o e .
It h b s gg st d th t J s s w sil t c c i g His
as e en u e e a e u as en on ern n
M ssi hship simply b c us it w

e a f l g p bl m t e a e as or on a ro e o
His w m i d ; w ught t thi k f it d w i g

o n n e o o n o as a n n on
'
Him g du lly th ugh p c ss f d ubt d st uggl

ra a ,
ro a ro e o o an r e .
B t this s ms t b i c m p tibl with t h d cisiv i m

u ee o e n o a e e e e
p t c f His b ptis m which c ll d H i m t t sk H

or a n e o a ,
a e o a a e
must h v g d d M ssi ic Th t u xpl ti

a e re a r e as e an . e r e e an a on
a pp s t l i i th f mili c sid ti th t J sus

ea r o e n e a ar on era on a e
’
no ev l c c pti f th K i gd m t h ig f t h l vi g
on e on o e n o , as e re n o e o n
an d h ly F th o t il d ls av l co c pti f His w
e r, en a e a o a no e n e on o o n
fu cti
n His p ti l co c lm t is th f d t th
on . ar a n ea en ere ore ue o e
1
D en n ey , J esus a nd Gosp el , 20 8
th e On t h e et h i cal si d e, we get our
h h
.
cl ea rest l ook at w a t our Lord m ea n t by Messi ah s i p i n H i s m essa ge t o t h e

Ba pt i s t i n p ri son ( Mt 112m) .
2
18 TH E P E RSON OF J ES US CH RI S T
a ll but i su m u t bl di fficulty f p cl i m i g Hims lf

n r o n a e o ro a n e as
t h M ssi h with ut sti i g i t

e e a fl m p ssi s f ki d
o rr n n o a e a on o a n
whic h w uld h v o d d th p pl d f t His u iqu

a e ren er e e eo e ea o n e
m ss g Thus it is sig ific t t h t i N z th ( Lk 4 )

e a e . n an a n a are
24
H ise p s t d ssu m i g t h Ol si mply f p ph t

re r e en e as a n e r e o a ro e .
Th c f ssie of P t t C s P hilippi w i l l
on e on e er a ae area as n a
p b bility th fi st cc si
ro a which th M ssi hship f
e r o a on on e e a o
J sus w m d th subj ct f c v s ti by t h M st
e as a e e e O on er a on e a er
an d th discipl s It d s t f ll w th t J sus l
e e . oe no o o a e
’
rea
dig ity th f th fi st tim sugg st d its lf to t h

n en or e r e e e e e
Tw lv Th e e . f cts ( cf J 1) which i dic t th t t h

ere a re a . n n a e a e
p ssibility f His b i g th M ssi h m y h v ccu d

o o e n e e a a a e o rre
to His f ll w s f m t h v y uts t Wh t is w i
o o er ro e er o e . a ne n
P t s c f ssi is its p s l ssu c d d v ti ;

’
e er on e on er on a a ra n e an e o on
an d it is this t its b i g fl sh f ligi us g i s

,
no e n a a o re o en u
which v k d t h u usu l m ti vib t i g i J sus

e o e e n a e o on ra n n e
an sw er H th i H l t m
. er e ph s li s t h t u
en , n o z an n s
’
ra e ,
1
e e r e
p erip t i f
e e a t h d m o which t h eti cti tu
ra s a , on e en re a on rn .
J sus w x plicitly cc pts th M ssi ic m ; y

e no e a e e e an na e na
m i t h f ct th t it h b
ore , n e a tt ibut d t H i m H a as e en a r e o e
fi ds cl
n vid c th t t h Tw lv w b gi i g t
ear e en e a e e e ere e nn n o
a tt i t u c victi s t h subj ct f His p s

a n r e on on Y t on e e o er on . e
th ere m i d t h p ssibility f fu th
re a ne misc c pti ;
e o o r er on e on
an d J sus th e f t c p c d d t ch ck th f m
e re ore a on e ro ee e o e e or a
ti f t s cul h p s by u tt i g d fi it p dicti
on o oo e ar o e er n a e n e re on
O f His d th ( Mk ea But i t w ly by His t y i t a s on en r n o
th ecity d du i g t h t i l b f C i ph s th t H
an r n e r a e or e a a a a e
a nn o u c d His M ssi hship t th w ld t l g

n e e a o e or a ar e .
I J sus h ds t h id f M ssi hship c m t b

n e
’
an e ea o e a a e o e
a ss ci t d with u p c d t d cl i m s By His h th
o a e n re e en e a .
“
ea en
judg H w c d m d D lm w it s
e e as on usu pe ne ,
”
a an r e ,
as a r er
o f th th ; by t h J wish t ibu l
e ron e O wh e e r na ,
as ne o
p t d d t suc h pl c h d v b c c d d v
re en e o a a e as a ne er e en on e e e en
t t h M ssi h sho t f J sus t t h titl w

”
2
o e I e a . n r , or e o u se e e as
i p f t t sup s d i t
so ae o o Whil th f it is t u th t
er e e . e ere ore r e a
t h M ssi
e eic cl im w i disp s bl
an a m d f xp ss as n en a e as a o e o e re
1
Da s mes s i a n i sch e B e wuss tsei n J es u, 8 6 .
3
D i e Wor te J esu , i 25 7 . .
UN P R E C E D E N T E D CL A I M S 19
i ng L d s v c ti withi t h li s f J wish ligi u

ou r or
’
o a on n e ne o e re o s
hist y t h titl i its lf is t h p duct f sp ci l d v lop

or , e e n e e ro o a e a e e
m t d w b u d t giv pl c t f ms m
en , an d qu t
as o n o e a e o or or e a e a e
an d iv s l This is this t uth which h b put

un er a .
l
r as een
f ls ly
a e t l st c fus dly by s yi g th t J sus lw ys
, or a ea on e ,
a n a e a a
f lt M ssi hship bu d
e d w uld h v disp s d wi t h
e a a r en , a n o a e en e
it if H c uld Th h d which J sus l id up t diti l

e o . e an e a on ra on a
M ssi ism w th t f
e an c tiv m st At ch p i t as a o a r ea e a er . ea o n
H w e f f t h c c pti s f t h p st
as r ee o e on e on o e a .
It w sp ci lly t h ugh His ticip ti f th C ss

as e e a ro an a on o e ro
th t J sus s b v t h lim its f t h ld th ught

a e ro e a o e e O e o er o .
H w o ly this ticip ti visit d His mi d w h v t

ear an a on e n e a e no
th i f m ti t d cid but th i w xp ss d by
e n or a on o e e : e v e e re e
H l t zm
o th t y wh g ds t h st y f t h
an n ,
2
a an on e o re ar e or o e
b ptism
a c t i i g lly c dibl c ll cti s f
as on a n n rea re e re o e on o a
d fi it p i t t which J sus M ssi ic c sci us ss w

e n e o n a e
’
e an on o ne as
b d wh h lds ls t h t His c c p t i
orn , a n f M ssi h o o a o a on e on o e a
is l t d t D 7 m y s bly b li v th t
re a e o L d n ,
a r ea on a e e e a our or
h d t h p sp ct
a f d th b f eHim f m t h fi st is
ro e o ea e or e ro e r ,
a
no et w thy c c ssi t t h i h t p b bili t i s f t h

or on e on o e n er e n ro a e o e
c s H w v t his m y b t l l v ts it is c t i
a e . o e er a e, a a e en er a n
t h t J sus w
a t h fi st to m k cu
e t c i f th id as e r a e rr en o n o e ea
o f su ff i g M ssi h I p Ch is t i Jud ism Is 5 3

a er n e a . n re — r an a ,
h d a v b i t p t d i M ssi ic s s I t h t
ne er een n er re e n a e an en e . n a
sublim pictu f vic i u s p i h w v th l y t uths

e re o ar o a n, o e e r, e re a r
which f u d p f c t ch d fulfilm t i J sus s ul

o n a er e e o an en n e
’
o .
3
Thus it w w m y su m is th t f Him th ci t as, e a r e, a or e an en
c c pti f Is l s t i l M ssi h w
on e on gl ifi d
o ra e
’
na on a e a as SO or e as
t p ss i t t h t f t h R d m
o a f t h w ld
n o a o e e ee er o e or .
u We n ow t rn to wh t h justly b d sc ib d
a as een e r e as the
m st c fus d
o on e and i t ic t p bl m i N w T st
n r a e ro e n e e a m en t
1
B ut as P e t er u s ed i t, i t ex
p resses i n i t s own wa y th e s a m e i d ea O f
un i q uen ess an d a b s ol ut en es s as we fi n d el se wh ere in t h e n a m es vl é s a n d
ip t os
Kr .
2
0p ci t 88
f
. . .
3 ’
Cf P ro . es s or H A A K enn ed y
. . . s a r t i cl es i n t h e E xp osi tory Ti m es for
19 0 8 I s 53
'
a l so co n ta i n s t h e id e a Of the Serv a n t s res urrect i on an d H i s

f
.
s ubse q u en t ca re er o f e f ec t ua l a ct i v i t y .
Th l gy This is th m i g giv by J sus t th m

eo o . e ea n n en e o e na e
S f m
on o F m t h p i t f i w b th f id s d
an .
”
ro e o n o v e o o ea an
o f hist y w orstill g g d wi th th p c di g t pic

e a re en a e e re e n o ,
i c t h d pti f t h t itl S f m m y its lf

S n e e a o on o e e
“
on o an
”
a e
st d f
an qui t d fi it i t p t ti f M ssi hship
or a e e n e n er re a on o e a .
It b d s d u iv s lis s c c pti which h d

roa en an n er a e a on e on a
sh w its lf c p bl f v y
o n e w limit ti s a a e o er n a rro a on .
S “
f m is ly us d by J sus i th Sy ptics
on o an
”
on e e n e no ,
vi tu lly l w ys
r a s lf d sig ti
a It is t l s t
a as a e - e na on . a ea
O bvi us th t t h v g lists u d st d it
o a Th m
e e an e n er an so . e na e
o ccu s r ly M k as M y sch l s b li v t h t
ea r as an o ar e e e a
J sus mpl y d i t ly ft P t s g t c f ssi ; but

e e o e on a er e er
’
rea on e on
i t is p ssibl th t H h d us d it l g b f
o e N t t ill
a e a e on e ore . o
His t i l h w v did t h sig ific c f t h cl i m d w

r a ,
o e er, e n an e o e a a n
up t h wid public Its t t l bs c f m N w

on e er . o a a en e ro e
T st m t w iti gs th th t h G sp ls ( xc pt A 7 )
e a en r n o er an e o e e e c
56
is sily xpl i d by its p ctic l i c

ea e a nei c i c it ra a n on ve n en e, S n e
is “
cu i us ph s i G k i E glish
as r o a d w uld ra e n ree as n n ,
” 1
an o
b f mili
e a ly t J ws But t h l t dis pp
a r on c f o e . e a er a e a ra n e o
th m
e na t c puts t f c u t t h sugg sti th t i
e a on e ou o o r e e on a n
t h Sy e ptics it is d t i t p l ti
no ue o n er o a on .
I M t th w M k
n d Luk
a th titl is f u d
e ,
ar ,
an e e e o n on
J sus lips b ut s v ty ti m s p s ti g f ty cc si s
e
’
a o e en e ,
re r e en n or o a on
m ore or l ss Th ti th t it p p ly m s s m
e . e no on a ro er ea n
“
o e
b dy m y b put sid I such v s s

o
”
a e Th S a e . n er e as
“
e on
O f m is c m ti g d d i ki g ( M t
an o d
e ea n an r n n
”
an
B t y st th t h S f m with kiss ? ( Lk
e ra e ou e on o an a
it is m if stly ppli d by J sus t Hi ms lf Th t

an e a e e o e . a ou r
L d sh uld sp k f Hi ms lf i t h thi d p s is t
or o ea o e n e r er on no
ne e c ss ily u tu l f St P ul d s th s m thi g
ar nna ra , or . a oe e a e n
(2 C b sid s t h titl w t l bly f mili

o e e , e e as o e ra a ar as a
titl W h v e . gu t e f c u s a th t l l th s
e no a ra n e e , o o r e, a a e e
th t
r ee -score t giv p f c t ly ccu t p t f J sus
ex s e a er e a ra e r e or o e
’
w ds ; d ll w c must b m d f t h p ssibili t y
or an a o an e e a e or e o
th t i s m c s s b i s t d by th
“ ”
a S f m h
on o an as n o e a e een n er e e
e v g list But t h c ss y d ducti s d this h d

an e . e ne e ar e on un er ea
a re f w so t l v e th m i sult u ff ct d It is
as o ea e e a n re na e e .
1
B ur k i t t , E a r l i est S ou rces f or th e L if e f J esu s, 6 4
o .
SON OF M AN A S A TI T L E 21
no tic bl fu th t h t t h p ss g s c t i i g th m
ea e, r er , a e a a e on a n n e na e
f ll tu lly i t t w g ups cc di g t h y f
a na ra n o o ro a or n as e re e r
( )
a t Jo sus thly
e w k sp’
ci lly
ea r it cul m i t s i or , e e a as na e n
suff i g d d t h
er n an( )
b t t h fi l
ea gl y f His,
or o e na or o
P u i Sp ki g b dly S f m
a ro s a . ea ccu s m
n r oa ,
“
on o an o r or e
f qu t ly t w d s t h cl s f t h G sp l st y whil th
re en o ar e o e o e o e or , e e
p p ti
r o or f p ss g s ti g d with
on o sch t l gy m u ts
a a e n e e a o o o n
ra pidly t t h d Th s f cts
a e en th ms lv s v lu bl
. e e a a re e e e a a a e
i dic ti th t s m i tim t l t i ship xis t d i J sus

n a on a o e n a e re a on e e n e
’
m i d b tw m S d His “
o w n n th e f meen e na e on o an an
imp di g d th
en n ea .
Th fi st s u c e of th m is i c v bly l st i
r o r e e na e rre o era o n
f p st g s but w
a r- a a jus tifi d i b li vi g th t its
e ,
1
e a re e n e e n a
n ea re r, p xi m t s u c is D 7 This it m y b
ro a e o r e n
13
.
,
a e
t d is
no e ,
f t h f w p i ts
on e which sch l s h v
o e e o n on o ar a e
rea ch d vi tu l g m t W
e r a c i d b ck th
a ree en . e a re a rr e a , en ,
to th D i lic visi i which ft t h b s ti l f ms

e an e on n ,
a er e e a or
symb lisi g t h f u h th
o n mpi s t he m gs
o r ea en e re , e re e er e a
symb lic l hu m F i gu
o a wh m t h u iv s l Ki gd m
an re on o e n er a n o
is c f d B h ld th c m with t h cl uds f
on erre .
“
e o ,
er e a e e o o
h v ea en lik u t on e f m e d th nw o a s on o an an er e as
giv hi m d mi i
en d gl y o d ki gd m th t l l
n on , an or ,
an a n o , a a
th e p pl s t i s d t gu s sh uld s v him
eo e ,
na on ,
an on e o er e .
Wh t h e lik u t
er
“
on e f m d t s t h id l
e n o a son o an en o e e ea
Is l ra e i dividu l is u c t i th gh t h f m vi w
or a n n a n er a n , ou e or er e
is m c vi ci g But i t h Si m ilitud s f E ch
or e on n n . n e e o no ,
as
P f ss Bu kitt puts it th figu f D i l t h S “

ro e or r , e re o an e , e on
o f M wh w
an with th A ci t f D ys is p s ifi d
o as e n en o a ,
e r on e
an d i dividu lis d
n F m f l d t his S f M this
a e . ro o O on o an,
c l st i l hum b i g h b
e e a hid d with t h M st
an e n , as een en e o
High but ,
d y H will b v l d
on e aJ sus w e e re ea e .
”
2
e as
p b bly f mili with this ci cl f id s d

ro a a ar ly r e o ea ,
an n ear
e v ywh His
er er e f th m is ly i t lligibl if i t
u se O e na e on n e e
d ts
en o e i dividu l p san It h i d d b
n gu da e r on . as n ee e e n ar e
th t t h disti cti which xists i G k b tw

a e n on m e n re e e een an
1
l g
For t h e hl h w Wi l
“
re i i on sgesch i c t i c l v ie see e ne B i bl i sch e Theo ogi e
ff
, ,
des N T R H m 30 G ousset , a up tp r obl e e d er n osi s, 14 9 .
2
0p . ci t . 65 .
S i m ply d S f m c uld t h v b
an
“
on o xp ss d an o no a e een e re e
by on e sp ki g J sus did i A m ic ; d th t
ea n ,
as e ,
n ra a an a
a cc di gly t h ph s f Him must h v

or n e lly m t ra e or a e rea ea n
no thi g m th m i g
n ore l I t h fi st pl c
an
“
an n e n e ra .
”
n e r a e,
h w v t h li guistic f cts
o e e r, e d ubtful D l m with
n a a re o . a an,
wh m D D iv g s h st t d wh t s m xc ll t
o r . r er a ree ,
as a e a ee e e en
rea ons s f d yi g th t m or c uld b xp ss d

en n a
“
an o e e re e
A m ic i w y xc pt this ; it is “
i
n ra a nS f m no a e e on o an ,
p ss ibl m y b
o e, lit l d i g f
a i dp d t
e a era re n er n o an n e en en
A m ic ph s
ra a Ap t f m t his h w v
ra e . v if w ar ro ,
o e er , e en e
c c d th t t h A m ic t m w quiv l t t m
on e e a e ra a er as e a en o
“
an
si mply still t h M us d by J sus

,
titl f Him
e an ,
”
e e as a e or
s lfe His ffi c must h v b

or m pl y d i
o e a e ee n e o e n sensu
e mi ti ; must h v
n en m t t h sp ci l w ll k w a e ean e e a , or e - no n,
or u iqu M n e N “
D S d y an sugg s t i b
.
”
1
or ca n r . an a
’
s e on e
o v l k d th t si c J sus m y h v sp k G k 6 ib
er oo e a ,
n e e a a e o en r ee ,
v e
) i fip i m y h v b f His w ph s s
’
a e een on e o o n
'
r or c v a n ov a ra e .
But wh t d s t h t m m ? To b gi with it is
a oe e er ea n e n ,
a lm st c t i ly u biblic l t xpl i it
o er a n quiv l t t n a o e a n as e a en o
“
m i
an id n th id l m ea B u slightly m di
or
“
e ea an .
”
a r, o
f yi g this t k s it
n quiv l t t
,
a g i
e i hi l h m i as e a en o on e u n u an
s i bi li a m p t t ; VV ll h
en u thi ks it qu l t m
-
u a e a use n n e a o
“
an
n or m l i l ti t G d l t h ugh si c J sus w
a n re a on o o ,
”
a o ,
n e e as
ne i t h G k phil s ph
er a re e m d hum ist this o o er n or a o er n an ,
Si
g ifi
n t i ca i his judg m
on , t p v s suffici
n tly t h t t h en ,
ro e en a e
ph s w v us d by J sus H is t l st ight i th
ra e as ne er e e . e a ea r n e
c t ti t h t id l hu m ity is G k m d
on e n on a ea t an a re e or o e rn , n o
a J wish c c pti ; d whil it is u d ubt dly mb di d

e , on e on an e n o e e o e
i t h ch
n e ct f th S f m
ara er lis d i J suso e on o an as r ea e n e ,
i t f ms or p t f t h c t t i f th t m O t h
no ar o e on n o a on o e er . n e
o th h d th is f u d ti f t h ld d gm t ic
er an , er e no o n a on or e o er o a
th y th t
eor L d s i t ti i usi g t h titl w
a ou r or
’
n en on , n n e e, as
t o ss t dis t i c t ly His l m h d ; f f His l

a er n rea an oo or o r ea
m h d t h udi c c uld t b i d ubt Th t uth

an oo e a en e o no e n o . e r ,
so f ar a s I judg pp s t b s m thi g lik this

ca n e, a ea r o e o e n e
J sus t k t h
e m
oo i spi it f c mpl t f d m
e na e, n a r O o e e ree o ,
f m t h f mili D i lic v s p ssibly b i g i flu c d

ro e a ar an e er e , o e n n en e
1
Cf Bo us set , D i e R eli gi on des J u den th u ms ( 1 Au fl
. 25 2 .
24 THE P E RSON OF J ES US CH RI S T
na m f S f m sp ci lly
e o on o th d which an , e e a n ea r e en ,
a s on e
l id t h qui d m ph sis
a e re th f tu g t ss thus
re e a on e u re rea n e
far c c l d u d bscu ity d d sti d t b still

on ea e n er O r an e ne o e
m d kly clips d i d t h A d t h s luti f this

or e ar e e n ea . n e o on o
a pp t t i my H f u d i t h d cisiv sig ific c

a re n an no e o n n e e e n an e
o f His c ss S f f mro d i g His futu gl y

. o ar ro ren er n re or
imp ssibl it w t b th g t f t c t His

o e, as o e e a e o en ra n e o
c sum m ti
on a on .
t h Sy ptics cc di gl y L d s s g f th ’
I n e no ,
a or n ,
ou r or u a e o e
titl S f m e
“
c stitu t s
on p d x Just
o an
”
on e a ar a o . as
th e id f th Ki gd m p i ts to
ea O t sc d t e n o o n a ran en en
d f thi gs which th ugh futu is

or e r o n th l ss ,
o re, n on e e e
a ctu lly p s t ;
a th c l tiv m f S of m
re e n
1
so e orr e a e na e o on an
mb c s lik wis t h h ft h Its “ ” ”

e ra e d th
e e e erea er an e e re .
p i t f d p tu is th th ught f c m i g gl y but
o n O e ar re e o o o n or ,
th t v tu l t iumph is m di t d th ugh su ff i g d
a e en a r e a e ro er n an
d th It it s ticip ti with lity Y t this

ea . un e an a on re a . e
s mi g c t dicti is vit l t t h i w d spi itu l

ee n on ra on a o e n ar r a
c h c f th id
o eren e It is th ugh i dig ity d p i
o e ea . ro n n an a n
an d d th th t H wh m ust
ea ig p ss s t His Ki gd m
a e o re n a e o n o .
A it h
s b put Th S f m i th m tu
as een :
“
e
‘
on o an,
’
n e a re
mi d f J sus is t h P s wh u it s c
n o e ,
f utm st e e r on o n e a a r e er O o
s vic d su ff i g with su p sp ct f t sc d t
er e an er n a re ro e o ra n en en
gl y A d h i w t uch t c t h d pth d h ight

or . n ere n e o a on e e e an e
f His igi lity w k f J sus i l g ” 2

o Thor na . e or o e , n a ar e
m su c m t c sist i t i i g t h discipl s t u d
ea r e, a e o on n ra n n e e o n er
st d this v l th ght f M ssi hship t p c iv d

an no e ou o e a , o er e e an
a pp ci t i w dly t h myst y f th f ct th t t i
re a e n ar e er o e a a
“
no n
spit f H i d th but i
e O d th ugh His d th H w
s ea , n an ro ea , e as
to ss t Hims lf
a er S f m Wh th f e as on o an .
” 3
en e re or e
th y t l gth s iz d His d ift wh t th i mi ds fix d up

e a en e e r ,
a e r n e on
as f mi g t h vit l c t t f t h titl H h d ch s
or n e a on e n O e e e a o en
w t h Divi
as d sti y which l y v il d i t h futu
e ne ed n a e e n e re , a n
1
f
Ka t an h a s p ut i t e xcell en tl y On l y a p a rad ox i cal orm ul a will cov er f
t he a s cer t a i n ed h
i s t ori ca l a c t s f
I t m us t ru n t h u s — Th e f u tu r e sa l va ti on i s
.
become p r esen t, y et h a s n ot cea s ed t o be f u tu re ( J esu s und P a u l us,

2
Mn i rh ea d , E sch a tol ogy of J es u s, 20 3 .
3
Sc ot t , Th e K i n gdom a nd th e M essi a h , 24 3 .
“ ”
TH E NA M E SON OF GOD 25
th e exp i c f s lf i fi th ugh which it must ds

er en e o e -
sa cr ce ro n ee
be a tt i d Th S f m must su ff m y thi gs
a ne . e on o an er an n
ere H c m s with t h cl uds f h v

e o e e o o ea en .
l st f t h sp ci l titl s p dic t d f J sus i

Th e a o e e a e re a e o e n
Sy ptics is its full f m S f “ ”

th e noS i on , or, n er or , on o
G d o W c
. t f c u s sc ib p cis l y t h s m
e an n o , o o r e, a r e re e e a e
m i g t v y i st c f its
ea n n o e I th
er lips f t h n an e O u se . n e o e
p ss ss d ( Mk
o e e f u b li vi g J ws ( M t f th o n e e n e o e
c t u i t th c ss ( M k
en r on a d by implic ti
e f ro an ,
a on , o
C i ph s ( M t
a a a it bvi usly c i s s m t hi g l ss o o a rr e o e n e
th its full sig ific c F m t h w ds f t h c tu i

an n an e . ro e or O e en r on ,
“
T uly this m w
r f G d w m y judg th t
an as a son o o ,
”
e a e a
h f u d i
e o n L d m f such sublim c u g d
n our or a an o e o ra e an
right us ss i dic t d g t ss m th hum

eo ne as n a e a rea n e or e an an .
H w o this p tic
n ear sy m b lic us g m y h v p oe or o a e a a e a
p h
r oac d t th l gic l c
e victi it is l ss sy t d t
o eo o a on on , e ea o e er
mi ne But i th m j ity f c s s b l gi g t this cl ss

. n e a or o a e e on n o a ,
ou r wis st c u s is t g d S f G d
e o r e sy ym o re a r
“
on o o
”
as a n on
o f M ssi h Ev
e wh t th b ptis m Divi v ic
a . en en a e a a ne o e
h il d J sus
a e My b l v d S
e wh t st ds t m st
as
“
e o e on , a an ou o
cl ly is His c s c ti t t h M ssi ic t sk
ea r on e ra on o e e an a .
I t h Old T st m t w m y
n e t t h titl S f e a en ,
e a n o e, e e on o
G d o is giv”
v i d pplic ti t en g ls to t h
a ar e a a on — o an e ,
e
ch s p pl t th th c tic ki g wh ig s v
o en eo e, o d e e o ra n o re n o er a n
re p s ts th m t th M ssi ic D liv
re en e f t h futu
, o e e an e er er o e re .
Th p mis t D vid c c
e ro i g S l m is m st typic l
e o a on e rn n o o on o a
I will st blish t h th e f his ki gd m f

a v ; I will e ron e o n o or e er
b his f th d h sh ll b M y
”
e a er , a n (2 S I e a e s on n
this p ss g d th s lik it th m gu t s t its

a a e an o er e , e na e a ra n ee o
b ea rerth p ci l p t cti e S d l v f G d
e a l ti ro e on an o e o o ,
a re a on
ship which i P 2 is ctu lly p s t d u d t h n S a a re r e en e n er e
symbol f p t ity Th ut sid f th l ti w

o a er n . e o er e o e re a on as
re p s t d by t h c t i p ss ssi f Divi gl y d
r e en e e er a n o e on o ne or an
p w ; th i
o er c sist d i th p culi
e n n erj ym t of on e n e e ar en o en
His l v its ch s bj ct
o e as o en O e .
It w p i m ily this i
as sp ct t h t t h mi d
r ar on n n er a e a e n
o f J sus dw lt e N wh i th Sy ptic
e . c ds d s o ere n e no r e or oe
26 TH E P E RS ON OF J E S US CH RI ST
He d pt f Hi m s lf th f lly ph s d m S
a o or f e e u - ra e na e
“
on o
G d o p h ps
,
”
fi di g i it t f m ili d sig
er a as n n n a oo a ar e na
ti f t h M ssi h
on o t
e c t i t v k p li t ic l
e a ,
or on e oo er a n o e o e o a
exp ct ti s E v y t h i g g s t p v th t His s u p m
e a on . er n oe o ro e a re e
c c p ti f His w p s w xp ss d si m ply i
on e on o o n er on as e re e n
N t m ly d s i t ccu i t w ”
th m
e na S e on . o e re oe o r n o ex
cepti l ly st iki g w ds
on a f i d bit bl r uth ticity
n or ,
o n u a e a en
( Mt 1 1 Mk 13 cf27
,
c t i th pi c s of 32
,
. er a n o er e e
i di ct vid c b di ctly t h s m p i t S ch
n re e en e ear re on e a e o n . u
f
a re , i st c v il d llusi t His sp ci l S ship
or n an e, a e e a on o e a on
i th p
n bl s f t h Vi y d d t h M i g F st ;
e a ra e o e ne ar an e a rr a e ea
His qu sti t P t b ut t h t xi g f ki gs s s ;
e on o e er a o e a n o n
’
on
and His c v s ti with t h sc ib s t t h l ti

on er a on e r e as o e re a on
b tw D vid s S
e ee n d D vid s L d
a W m y p h ps
’
on a n a
’
or . e a er a
c tch t h t
a f u iqu e fili l s l f c sci us ss i His
on e o n e a e - on o ne n
cust m Of m i g G d t h L d f h v
o na n d th o e
“
or o ea en an e ar ,
”
b t u v His L d H w v this m y b
ne er or . o e er a e, n o on e ca n
miss t h sig i fic c f t h e m My F th
n an e o e na e
“
a er so
j f q tly ppli d by H i m t G d ( M t 7 1 0 1 2
re u en a e o o
21 32 50
t ) ;
e c d lib t ad s l c t d ph s
e which s ts His
e ra e an e e e ra e e
p s l l ti t t h F th i
er on a re a dist i ct pl c by
on o e a er n a n a e
its lf N p ll ls f m p g th ught
e . o a ra f t h l st
e ro a an o a re o e ea
us e i illust t i g this ; t h H ll ic c c pti

n ra n f th e e en on e on o e
Divi F th h d f x mpl st ts t f m thic l

ne a er oo ,
or e a e, ar no ro e a
but f m c smic p supp si t i s N is y l

ro o re o on . or an rea
equiv l t t b f u d i t h ligi f t h Old T st

a en o e o n n e re on o e e a
m t If th ic id s l t wi t h m
en . e n l ss d cisi ea ea n ore or e e on
t o tu listic p th ism Jud is m h d l g st d i

a na ra an e ,
a a on oo n
p il f t h p t ifyi ng igiditi s f d ism J sus i m

er o e e r r e o e . e
’
n co
m i bl c sci us ss f fili l
u n ca e on ss wit h t h E t l
o ne o a on en e e ern a
is w thi g i t h w ld
a ne n n e or .
I his s c d ch pt
n Luk p s ts t h c sci us
e on a e r, e re re en e on o
ness f this u iqu S ship

o l dy p s t t t w lv
n e on as a rea re en a e e
y s ea r Th b li t tl d ubt th t f m this ere can e e o a ro
i dic ti
n ad th s w on justifi d i c clu di g th t
an o er e a re e n on n a
J sus k w Hi ms lf S b f His c ll t t h M ssi h

e ne e on e ore a o e e a
ship Th s s th t His lif fl w d f m G d di ctly

. e en e a e o e ro o re ,
h vi g i H i m l l its w ll sp i gs l id up Him m
a n n a e - r n ,
a on ore
J ES US ’
T I LI AL C ONSCI O U SNE SS 27
c mm di g blig ti s th t h se f thly ff c ti
o an n o a on an o o ea r a e on .
I thn t iv i t st ds th
e n a rra is e sugg s ti t h t
as an ere no e on a
th pis d f m d t h bi t h h u f J sus sp ci l
e e o e or e e r - o r o e
’
e a con
i
sc ou s n es s of G d d Hims lf ; is t h l d t thi k
o an e on e ra er e o n
o f p c ss sro e ly w b c m i g visibl up t h su f cy
e on no e o n e on e r a
Th g c by which H liv d b
e ra e d d v His d v l p e e roo e o er e e o
m t A H st ds i t h T m pl
en . S e t sw i g an n e e e, no an er n
qu st i s m ly but ski g th m th cu t i s dg is
e on e re a n e , e r a n
’
e e
for m m t lift d f m hidd lif which w must

a o en e ro a en e e
c c iv f sust i d d i f m d p p t u lly by t h
,
on e e o as a ne an n or e er e a e
cl k wl dg th t t h F th
ea r no e d H b l g d wh lly
e a e a er an e e on e o
t ch th T H i m t h w d c m u c si gly S
o ea o er . o e or a e n ea n :
“
on ,
Th u t v with m d ll t h t I h v is Thi
o ar e er e, an a a a e ne .
B u t t h study f L d s fili l c sci us ss must

e o ou r or
’
a on o ne
a lw ys c t i th g t w ds f M t 1 1
a en re n All thi gs
e rea or o
27
: n
a re d l iv d u t M f My F th ; d
e ere n o k w th e o a er an n o on e no e
th Se s v th F th ; i t h d t h y k w t h
on , a e e a er ne er o an no e
F th s v t h S
a er , a d h e t wh m s v t h S
e on , an e o o oe er e on
will t h t e v l Him o Th s w ds t h m st i m
re ea .
”
1
e e or , e o
p t t f Ch is t l gy i t h N w T st m t w
or a n or r o o n e e e a en , ere
a pp tly sp k
a r en th tu f th
o discipl s f m
en on e re rn o e e ro
th i fi st p ch i g missi
e r r Th y
r ea i sti ct wi t h
n on . e a re n n a
high d s l m j y A c mm t t s h v m k d
an o e n o . s o en a or a e re ar e ,
th e wh l p ss g h o e J h i qu lity which is
a a e as a o an n n e a
u iqu
n ll b t u iqu i
e , or a th fi st th G sp ls Th
u n e, n e r r ee o e . e
w ds c m h m t us t much t h sudd fl sh
or o e o e o no SO as e en a
o f t si t m ti
a ra n enth th v fl w f h bi t u l
e o on a s ra er e o er o O an a a
m d f f li g T qu s t i th i u t h t ici ty is
oo O ee n . o e on e r a en a
d sp t xp di t d it is di fficult t t k s i usly
e era e e e en , an o a e er o
th e i sipid sugg sti th t th y

n m th h lf e on a e a re ore an a a
qu t ti f m t h S
o a on f Si ch
ro Wh t it is f e on o ra . a o
sup m m m t f us t
re e o t is th u qu lifi d
en or o no e e n a e
c l ti f th F t h
orre a on od th S t h s w ds p
e a er an e on e e or ro
cl i m W
a . b ught f c t f c wi t h
e a re l ti ship
ro a e o a e a re a on
o f bs lu t i ti m cy d p f c t mutu l c sp d c
a o e n a an er e a orr e on en e,
O H
1
n
g m f
a rn a ck s
’
W ar u en t in a v ou r o f the “
es t er n t ex t , SO far as it
ch a n
ges t h e p rese n t i n to t h e a or i s t s ee D en n ey , J es us
a n d the Gosp el , 27 2 ff K i i hl , D a s S el bs t bewu sstsei n J es u , 21 ff “ I
.
.
l/
which is i t sf bl by its tu n ran N t m ly is th e ra e na re . o ere e
F th s b i g t its i m st s c t p t t h s ul f
a er
’
e n , o n o e re , O en o e o O
J sus with ut th t s s f m yst y d i sc ut bl

e ,
o a en e o er an n r a e
re m t ss f which t h g t st p ph t s h d b
o en e o e rea e ro e a een
c sci us ; t m ly is t h S s k wl dg f t h
on o no e re e . on
’
no e e o e
F th c mpl t fi l d i cc ssibl t v y th
a er o e e, na ,
an na e e o e er o er
s v th s t wh m th S is m di t
a e o e o l g with this
o e on e a or : a on
g s t h f ct th t J sus i m st b i g is k w t t h
oe e a a e
’
n o e n no n o e
F tha d ter, a n ls B tw J sus d G d o n on e e e .

“
e ee n e an o , on e
m y a y ll is
sac mm ,
This
a is t t pudi t o Ol d on .
” 1
no o re a e
T st m t v l ti
e a en w thl ss ; it is t d cl th t
re e a on as or e o e a re a
no thi g which n b c ll d v l ti f th F th is ca n e a e re e a on o e a er
w thy t c mp with th k wl dg giv i

or o o d
a re e no e e en n an
th ugh t h S
ro Th v li g m dium h
e on bs lut
. e re ea n e as an a o e
an d xcl siv h m y with th t which is

e u e v l d Al l
ar on a re ea e .
o th s b c m child
er f G d by w y f d bt t
e o e J sus ; re n o o a o e o e
in His c s l S ship is t h
a e c stitutiv f ct f
a on e on e on e a or o
His b i g Th lif f t h F th
e n . d th S eis e o e a er an e on on e
lif e, d i th an b k w e ly i t h th
er I
ca n e no n on n e o er . n
th s i xh ustibl w ds cc di gly th is p s t d
e e ne a e or ,
a or n , e re r e en e
s m thi g f g t th
o e n w c c pti
ar ; th rea er an a ne on e on e c on
ce p ti is xp ssiv f
on w f ct b y d which
e re ligi e o a ne a e on re on
c t g f th s t c
a nno o, wh l t lls us pl i ly
or
“
e en e n e as a o e e a n
th t J sus is b th t G d d t m wh t
a e o th o o an o an a no o er ca n
b e . It w
” 2
fi l i tim ti f t uth which t h
as a na n a on o r e
a p stl s k pt v ft i th i h t N v g i
o e e e er a er n e r ea r . e er a a n
c uld t h y t t mpt t
o lis t h Divi F th h d but
e a e o rea e e ne a er oo
th s b f t h m th p s f th S
e re ro e e ore lif d e e e r on o e on , a s e an
d th h d v l d Him ; i lik m
ea a re t p ss ss t h
ea e n e a n n er , o o e e
S on w li t lly t p ss ss th F th ls L ki g
as e ra o o e e a er a o . oo n
b th t J sus w mi d d t Ch isti xp i c
o a e
’
o n n an a r an e er en e,
th isere s why w sh uld t

n o rea on th w d m t e o no us e e or e a
physic l t d t this sp ci l S ship t

a o e no e th ugh e a on ,
no as o
m t physic l st d i c t st with thic l but t m k

e a a oo n on ra e a ,
o ar
t h ci cums t
e c th t this S ship is p t f th ultim t
r an e a on ar o e a e
r ea liti s f b i g e o e n .
1
Goguel , L ap é tr e P a u l et J es u s -Ch r i st, 1 9 9
'
.
D en n ey , op . ci t . 27 2 .
S ONSH I P AN D K N OW L E DGE OF GOD
H ck h u duly mi i mis d this sp ct f th t uth

a rn a as n n e a e o e r
i n his t c t g ic l st t m t th t t h m f S P
oo a e or a a e en a
“
e na e O on
m s thi g but th k wl dg f G d
ea n no n J sus e no e e o o .
” 1
e
’
l ti t G d h u g s c sists m ly i th f ct
re a on o o , e r e , on er e n e a
th t H k ws G d thus d thus th t H h c m t
a e no o an ,
a e as o e o
c g is t h s c d B i g wh ul s h v
re o n e e a re d th e n o r e ea en an ea r as
F tha er, H i F th as Y t w m y s t thus ad c er . e e a no re u e
wh t is vid t ly p s t d
a e mutu l u ity f lif t
en r e en e as a a n o e o
a ph m en o f li gi us k wl dg ; d if J sus c uld
e n on o re o no e e an e o
d cl ( Mk 1 3 ) th t H s t ds cl s t G d th v
e a re
32
a e an o er o o an e en
th g ls wh s t u is h v ly it is sc c ly c dibl
e an e ,
o e na re ea en , ar e re e
th t i a M t 1 1 H is
n t cl i m i g pl c i
27
d e no a n a a e n an or er
o f thi gs f n t sc di g ll mu d ar l ti ships
ra n en n a n an e re a on .
2
K wl dg f G d m v i H ck s s s is s m
no e e o o ,
oreo er , n a rn a
’
en e , o e
thi g which b gi s t b ; if S ship th is c stitut d

n e n o e on , en on e
by this k wl dg it ls must b gi t b ; b t
no e e, it b a o e n o e u ca n e
s bly h ld t h t J sus w uld h v c f ss d His fili l

re a on a e a e o a e on e e a
l t i ship with G d t b
re a on f c t f t m p l igi ? o o e a a o e ora or n
I c t thi k an no Ev y t t m pt t c c iv f Him
n SO . er a e o on e e o
as b mi g t h
eco S nf G d m k s shipw r ck e thon o o a e e on e/
u c di t i d ch ct f His s lf c sci us ss It is
n on on e ara er o e -
on o ne .
quit i cc d with this t h t t h J sus f t h Sy ptics

e n a or a e e o e no
no wh fi
erem His p xist c H simply f s t Hé
a r s re-e en e . e re er
V
or igi nd s c t f His p s
an lity t t h p f ct l v
e re o er on a o e er e o e
o f G d His mi d m vi g lw ys wi t hi t h limits f t h
o ,
n o n a a n e o e
hu m f ct F d p e t u t h if d p t u th
an a . or b ee r r , ee e r r ca n e
e xp ss d i sp ch w must tu t t h F u th G sp l
re e n ee , e rn o e o r o e .
O c ful stim t
n a sults up t d i cludi g
ar e e a e , our re o an n n
t his p i t o n th s N ith i
a re th s lf discl su f \
e e : e er n e e -
o re o
J sus
e i th
n or f i t h f discipl s h v w c u t d
n e a o e a e e e n o n ere
an y t h i g which c uld v pl usibly b d sc ib d

n o e en a e e r e as a
th eor y f i c ti o f twn arn a tu s hyp s t tic lly on , or o o na re o a a /
u i t d i si gl p s
n e n a Th Ch ist l gy f J sus d
n e e r on . e r o o o e an
His f ll w s yi lds t h t h pictu f O wh by

o o er e ra er e re o ne o
a c f f ith s vic
ar eer o d mighty w ksa ,c er e, an or —
a aree r
culmi t i g i d th is c g iz bl
na n n t h p f ct
ea vl — o n a e as e er e re e a
1
Wh a t i s Ch r i sti a n i ty 128 .
3
Cf Ti t i us , J esu L eh re
. co m Rei ch Gottes , 1 18 .
30 THE P E RS ON OF J E S US CH RI ST
ti f th F th
on o d th d s t i d S v ig f th
e a er an e e ne o er e n o e
w ld Th t ms f d sc ipti
or . e f imm t
er o e r on a re so ar a n en ,
whil y t it is cl
e eth t His c sci us ss f u iqu S ea r a on o ne o n e on
ship lifts H i m b y d t h pl f m l hum lif By e on e an e O n or a an e.
His ch s m f S H p cl ims wh t H i t G d
o en na e o on e ro a a e s o o
an d f G d ; of t h f ct th t H
or o ccupi s this pl c e a a e o e a e no
d ct i l i t p t ti is ff d
o r na n er is th f ct lys d
re a on o er e ,
n or e a ana e
in it t l i m plic ti s b f
s e ern a d ft Th s i m a on ,
e ore an a er . e e
plic t i s w ugh t t t
a on ,
ith d i d
e o ss t d o n o e, a re n e er en e n or a er e
an d it is qui t c c iv bl v f m th p s t st d
e on e a e, e en ro e r e en an
p i t th t th y m y y t m g
o n ,
a w lc m e v a e e er e as e o e or e en
c ss y l m ts f d p Ch isti th ught T h
ne e ar e e en o ee er r an o . ere a re ,
to sa y t h l s t p i ts f t t chm
e eat f wh t p stl s m y
, o n o a a en or a a o e a
y et divi t t h p ne xist t gl
as y f t h S o e re -e en or o
“
e on
”
or
W d d His pl c withi th G dh d N v th l ss
or
”
an a e n e o ea . e er e e ,
it m i s t u th t t h s lf c sci us ss f J sus w i
re a n r e a e e - on o ne o e a s, n
th em i hist ic lly c diti d Wh H sp k f

a n, or a on on e . en e o e o
Hi m s lf S p e ll
as th m i dic t d
on p f cta r exce ence, e na e n a e a er e
an d d m ptiv fili l lif wh i ch t k sh p d f m i

re e e a e oo a e an or n
u cl d d f ll wship d thic l s lid i t y wi t h t h F th

n ou e e o an e a o ar e a er .
F th m i d f J sus this u sh
or e d S ship is th
n o e n ar e on e
sup m li t y All t h f cts c c i g Him c iv

re e rea . o er a on ern n re e e
f m i t th i wh l e v lu d m i g I p ticul it
ro e r o a e an ea n n . n ar ar,
sh d e v li g ligh t His p s l v c ti
a re ea n It w on e r on a o a on . as
no t th t H w k t fi d Hi m s lf M ssi h isi g
a e a o ft e o n e e a ,
r n a er
w ds t his st ppi g st t t h c sci us ss f S

ar on e n —
on e o e on o ne o on
ship E x ctly t h v s is th t uth H w S f m

. a e re er e e r e as on o an ,
M ssi ic H d
e an d S v ig f t h K i gd m i vi tu f
ea an o e re n o e n o ,
n r e o
t h still m
e fu d m t l c vic t i th t H w S f
ore n a en a on on a e as on o
G do . This d this ly i t p ts t us such thi gs

1
,
an on ,
n er re o n as
His m gist i l c iticism f t h L w ; d m k s it l l b t

a er a r o e a an a e a u
i m p ssibl t b li v th t His vi w f t h K i gd m did t

o e o e e e a e o e n o no
qui t c sci usly mb c t h wh l w ld Th g u d f

e on o e ra e e o e or . e ro n o
1
W h h m
“
itf d t e l os t
p h ca re ul an r ev eren t
p p i ca t i on
a Of sy c ol ogi ca l
m d
e t ho b it is i m
’
L t h at
’
s, O v ousS ou r s ord s con s ci ousn ess of on s hi us t

p
h p dd m H
ave rece e M
in ti m i d d
e is c on sci ou sn es s O f essi a h s h i p , u st n ee h av e
f md
or e p a s t ep h
i n g-st on e t o t h e l a t t er
d d d In s p i t e of a ll t at h a s b ee n e u ce
f m h
.
ro t m M
e a p oca l yp t i c a n d m w d og atic es s i a n i c con ce p t i on s of t he ti es , e
m us t a ss er t th at the c on sci ou s n e s s of Di v i n e Son s h i p an d Of Mess i a h s h i p

A m gst th f u d s f ligi H is u iqu i th f ct

on e o n er o re on e n e n e a
th t His cl ims w
a t so much gu d p supp s d
a ere n o ar e as re o e .
With ut xpl i i g His titl

o e s i g b ut His pl c
a n n e or r ea on n a o a e
as Divi R d m H ne u c d th t i His p s th
e ee e r, e an n o n e a n er on e
s vi g p w f G d w p s t ; p s t t m k ll
a n o er o o as re en re en o a e a
thi gs w N v d s H f lik t h B ptist to

n ne . e er oe e re er, e e a ,
on e wh sh uld c m ft Him d c mpl t His t sk

o o o e a er an o e e a .
H w e L d t ly f ll thi gs f th Ki gd m s
as or ,
no on O a n or e n o
’
s k b u t f t h v y Ki gd m such H h d t h k ys ;
a e, o e er n o as . e a e e
with Him it st d t d cl f m t h c diti s f re e o e a re or en e on on o
t c How c mpl t ly H f u s d t b
e n ra n e . i o e e e re e o e on e n a
s i s w g th m st cl ly f m His ttitud t t h
er e e a er o ear ro a e o e
an ci t L w August d s c d w its p c pts H

en a . an a re as ere re e , e
put th m oy lly sid s tti g i th i pl c th p f ct

e r a a e, e n n e r a e e er e
p i cipl s f t h t sc d t Ki gd m ov which H
r n e o e ra n en en n o er e
sh uld c m to ig
o o e re n .
I c t y s it h b
n r e en mph tic lly d i d th t ear as een e a a en e a
J s u s cl i m d to f giv i y t g u ds which must

e a e or e s n, e on ro n
b p e u c d i suffici t T th guilty who s ught Him

ron o n e n en . o e o
ou t His p s,
c f m d th m dium f p d
re en F w e or e e e o ar on . e
epis d s mo e bvi usly uth tic th th h li g f

a re ore o o a en an e ea n o
th p e lytic ( Mk wh t h n tiv simply f lls t

a ra ere e a rra e a o
pi c s if w st ik t J sus s lf p s t ti
e e e F gir e ou e
’
e - re en a on as or v er .
His j i d t th g y p t st f t h sc ib s w uld
re o n er o e an r ro e O e r e o
b p i tl ss but f
e o n th impli d ss ti t h t His gi ft
e ,
or e e a er on a
of p d w ar l d imm di t ly v ifi bl His
on a s as rea an as e a e er a e as
gift f b dily st gth F m t h i cid ts f th w m

o o re n s ro e n en o e o an
with t h issu f bl d d th dyi g m l f ct it pp s

e e o oo an e n a e a or, a ear
th t a L d f qu tly m d
our of this p w
or Th re en a e u se o er . e
sig ific c f this

n an e h dly b v stim t d By
O ca n ar e o e re a e .
c mi g f w d i c t p d H p cl i m d His
o n or ar as n arn a e ar on e ro a e
ability to l d t h si ful th d th ea i t th e n , e re an en , n o e
F th s p s c His p s
a er
’
th y w it w
re en su e . er on , as e sa , as a re
gu t f G d s m cy But wh w thi k it t
a ra n ee o o
’
er . en e n ou ,
cl ly f giv ss is Divi mi cl s m thi g which

ea r or en e a ne ra e, o e n
i its i fi it m v l is i xplic bl by t h
n n n e sucs f ar e ne a e e re o r e o
na tu hum ity ; it p supp s s t h v y g c d

re or an re o e e er ra e an
might f th E t l By t h cl i m to imp t p c f
o e ern a . e a ar ea e o
J ES US TH E J U DGE 33
c sci c th f
on en e, J sus l id His h d with qui t
ere ore , e a an , e
a ssu c ra n u iqu p g tiv A d by its x cis

e, on a n e r e ro a e . n e er e
H e o p d t h Ki gd m f h v to b li v s
en e e n o O ea en e e er .
J sus th w h bi tu lly c sci us th t i His

e , en , as a a on o a n
p s Divi p w h d t d th w ld f t h c m
er on ne o er a e n ere e or or e ae o
p l i h m
s t f ll
enth t b coll da s lv ti H w at h can e a e a a on . e as e
Ch s O by wh s p s c vil w l dy v c m
o en n e, o e re en e e a s a rea o er o e
i
n p i cipl ; th p dict d D liv
r n e who sh uld s v
e re e e er er o a e
m y by His d th ; t h V ict
an wh sh uld co qu
ea th e or o o n er e
l st my by isi g f m t h g v
a en e d i r d tim n ro e ra e an n ue e
a pp i gl y Judg f ll m ki d His cl im t b
ear n or as e o a an n . a o e
Judg i th g t futu h cc si lly b d i d but

e n e rea re as o a on a ee n en e ,
i
n on e wh k w Hims lf t b t h i ugu t
o ne of t h p e o e e na ra or e er
f t M ssi ic g it is i f ct
ec e an i th avl i c dibl
e n a ne er n o e n or n re e .
O ne wh mits si s
o re th i th c sci us ss th t n on ear n e on o ne a
G d s h ly l v is p s t i His p s m y w ll dis
o
’
o o e re en n er on , a e
ch g th t s l m fu cti
ar e a t th E d
o e B t h
n n on a e n . ou ss e as
ar gu d th t t h st ps
e a v y t disc ibl by which
e e a re e en e e rn e
th l t
e Chu ch m u t d t this sc ipti f J dg h i p ;
a er r o n e o a r on O u es
but it m y b p i t d t th t v i t h m st p i m itiv
a e o n e ou a e en n e o r e
f m f t h t diti
or o Wh s v c f ss th M b f
e ra on —
“
o oe er on e e e e ore
m en , him will I ls c f ss b f My F th wh is i a o on e e or e a er o n
h v ea ( Mk 1 0 ) J sus d efi it ly t k s
en
”
pl c 32 —
e n e a e a a e as
I t c ss
n er e A dv c t i
or th h v ly w ld which is
or o a e n e ea en or
c t i ly t l ss sup hum i ig ific c th t h

er a n no e er an n S n an e an e
cl im t b fi l Judg f m
a o e Th u iqu
na ss f J sus e o en . e n en e O e
for His w c sci us ss c uld t b m st tl i gly

o n on o ne o no e or e ar n
d m st t d th by this f ct th t H wh fo b d
e on ra e an a , a e o r a e
His f ll w s to judg ch th sh uld h v f t ld

o o er e ea o er o a e or e o
th t H Hims lf will j u dg t h w ld
a e e e e or .
Thus wi t h v i c si g p w it w b e i up
e r- n rea n o er as orn e n on
t h discipl s th t
e c mp is
e p ll l c uld b i sti
a no o ar on or a ra e o e n
t t d b tw
u e J sus d th g t figu s f t h p st N
e e en e an e rea re o e a . o
p ph t h d i vit d m t c f ss his m ; p ph t
ro e a n e en o on e na e no ro e
h d d cl
a d th t t h l ti f m t hims lf w uld
e a re a e re a on o en o e o
fi th i d sti y i
x e r th futu Ki gd m
e n p ph t h d
n e re n o no ro e a
d d t y Al l thi gs h v b d liv d u t M
a re o sa : n a e ee n e er e n o e
o f M y F th F th s g
a t s uls it h d b
er . ugh
or e e r ea o a e en en o
to a nn o u c
Thus s ith th L d J s s h w v
n e,
“
a e or . e u , o e er, a s
it h b put k ws m s c d t sk th t p i t
as ee n ,
“
no no ore a re a an o o n
m ent His w P s
o H is t h o bj ct f s vi g
n e r on .
”
1
e e o e o a n
f ith ; this w m y c clud with wh l h t d ssu

a e a on e o e - ea r e a r
c lb it t h ph s b li v i M ccu s s ld m
a n e, a e e ra e e e e n e o r e o or
ne v i t h Sy ptics N s i us mi d will miss t h

er n e no .
2
O er o n e
sig ific c which w b u d t b ssig d t such

n an e as o n o e a ne o
p f ssi s by l l wh g v th m c di t Th discipl s
ro e on a o a e e re . e e
c uld t but h v th i w th ughts g di g O wh

o no a e e r o n o re ar n ne o
m d such cl ims d wi ld d suc h p w v t h spi its

a e a an e e o er o er e r
o f m A d it is
en . c uci l ci cumst c t h t J sus wh
n a r a r an e a e ,
o
must h v p c iv d t h t d f t h i fl c t i s w lc m d
a e er e e e ren o e r re e on , e o e
with j y th bs lut ligi us t ust d i cipi t w ship

o e a o e re o r an n en or
o f t h Tw lv e e e .
I th f g i g p g s w h v studi d t h m i
n e ore o n a e e a e e e a n
f tu s i t h Sy p t ic p s t ti f J sus Ch ist
ea re n e no re re en a on o e r .
O ur m t i ls h v b d iv d p tly f m th m if st
a er a a e een er e ar ro e an e
s lf c sci us ss f
e - on L d p tly f m th imp ssi
o ne o our or ,
ar ro e re on
H p duc d
e ro th mi ds A g ds t h wit ss f
e on o er n . s re ar e ne O
J sus t Hims lf it is t l l v ts such to d m st t

e o e ,
a a e en as e on ra e
t h f u tility f s yi g with B
e t th t H
o simply ks
a n ou sse a e ra n
Hi ms lf by t h sid f st uggli g hum ity

, ,
e wi t h
e e o r n an , or
W ll h e th t H wh
a u sen , ssig s c t l pl c t His
a e no ere a n a en ra a e o
o w p s n S f
er on f m this H m y b b tt d sc ib d
. o ar ro , e a e e er e r e
as h vi g id tifi d th G sp l wi t h Hims lf M v
a n en e e o e e .
3
oreo er,
th i mp ssi m d by Him
e re th s w f such
on a e 0 11 o er as o a
ki d t h t f
n chi g qu s t i s i g d t His ulti m t
a a r-r ea n e on n re ar o a e
id tity c uld t b v d d ; d wh
en o c th s qu s
no e e a e an en on e e e e
ti s t wh t l y b hi d His d mi g i fl c d
on as o a a e n re ee n n ue n e , a n
e xpl i d it h d b
a ne sk d it w i vi t bl th t t h
,
a een a e ,
as ne a e a e
a t t mpt sh uld b
e m d t fu ish
o i t lligibl d e a e o rn an n e e an
c h t sw
o e ren This sw
an it t k sh p i t h
er . an er , as oo a e n e
a p st lic mi d is p s t i s lu t i i t h E pistl s d
o o n ,
re en n o on n e e an
th F u th G sp l It w
e o r f ls m t physic l sc t
o e . as no a e e a a en
which d w S t P ul d his succ ss s i t t h diffic lt

re . a an e or n o e u
1
H errm a n n , Commu n i on wi th God , 9 3 .
.
2
Cf Fei ne , D i e Th eol ogi e d A T, 26 —3 4
. . .
3
Cf Mk 8 38 ,
. Me a n d My word s .
H I S SI NLE SSN E S S 35
p ths of Ch ist l gic l fl ti O ; it w

a rs lut o o a re ec n as a re o e en
d t
ea v our t f th c vic t i s which h d b b
o se or on on a een orn e
i t th i h ts with i i t i f c f vid c t h
n o e r ear an rr es s ve or e o e en e— e
c victi
on b v ll th t i t h lif f J sus G d h d
on , a o e a ,
a n e e o e o a
b p s lly p s t i th i midst Th qu sti

ee n er on a r e en n e r . e e on
wh th th y w w ll ill dvis d i th i ffi m ti
e er e ere e or a e n e r a r a on
o f His Divi b i g is which c ss ily is i s lubl

ne e n on e ne e ar n o e
by t h m th ds f hist ic l sci c Th
e e wo o or a en e . en as no ,
on ly th s c uld tt i t v g lic l f ith i th G d

o e o a a n o e an e a a n e o
h d f J sus wh k w th t i Him th y h d m t with

ea o e
’
o ne a n e a e
t h F th
e N t hi g but i
a er f g bl ligi us xp i c
. o n rre ra a e re o e er en e
will xpl i t h m zi g f c t th t with u t t m f

e a n e a a n a a , o a re or O
h sit ti t h p t l t k th sp sibili t y f ski g

e a on , e
'
a os es oo e re on o a n
m t b li v i
en Ch ist S f G d f m ll t ity
o e e e n r as on o o ro a e ern .
T
N O E ON T H E S I N E SS N E SS OF L J E SU S .
Th e t e s t i m on y to J u il
es s
’
S n ess n e ss w ich h m ay b e ga t ered h
ou t of th e E p st i l es re s t s on n o ap ri or i d ogma , b u t i s a t ra n s cr pt i
of c on v i n ci n g wh hf act s hv of l vi w i th ic we a e a c ea r e n e
Sy p t ino cs i l
. Hi t
gu m t wi ll
s or ca t f ar u y llen no o co rse carr us a
th w y y t i t d
e a , p e th t J u th oes gh t f H im lf
rov e a il es s ou o se a s s n ess .
It l a sop m i t ert b l i t h
s us t i ffio m i e
g Hi ev ei l th a n a r n s S n ess n e ss e
a
p tl
os t h v b
e s can n o t w wi t h t h i
a e e en a ll ti f Hi ar e r r ec o ec on s o s
lif e, u pp i g d f t i H i h t whi h th y h d
“
s res s n e ec s n s c a ra c er c e a
O b ds e rv e k wl dgm t f h t mi g m d by H i m lf
,
or ac no e en s o s or co n a e se .
” 1
Th Sy p t i
e t i ly
no csd l
c er a n
p i i t l im t m l
r ecor n o ex c c a o ora
p u i ty
r J u p t t h i g d i t t h q u ti
on es s
’
ar no nW hi h so rec as e es on ,
“
c
i t th M i ? (J i th d th y ”
o f y ou con v c e f e B to s n n u ne er o e
an ywh ul gi H i m
er e e o t t mp t t
se
p v Hi i
or a
; e o ro e s n n ocen ce
t h y ff
e o i m ply
er s pl i t l f Hi w d
a a n d w k a e OV i u s or s an or s . ar o s
mi n ort it raf b i g s o d du t h w
ear n anv l d i con c , o e v e r, re ea un en
a bly H i w s Oi t i Wh w n con v c ll t th t H i m i i
on . en e re co ec a s s s on
o
p en ed w i t h ll t p a t ca t h t H o re d m d th
en a n ce, a e con e ne
“
e
i gh t u u p i gly th t H u g d p l f i
”
r eo s ns ar n ,
a e r e ers on a con es s on on I
H i f ll w
s o y t w
o ersH im lf t g t t h l gu g f
e as se a s ra n er o e an a e o
con r t it i w on , pl i th i
e can ly by t h u pp iti th t H
ex a n s on e s os on a e
rec k d H i m lf i w dly pu Th i b
on e se n ar f m th m t u re . s a sen ce ro e a re
mi d f J u
n o f y es iu
s o anh t i h d t i t d H im i
con s c o sn es s t a s n a a n e s
1
Forres t , A u th or i ty o f Chr i st , 26 .
36 TH E U S CH RI ST
P E RSON OF J ES
th e really d i iv f t H t d with u t f ec s e
-
ac h m i th
. e s oo o ear or S a e n e
ligh t f G d Th i o o t
. f h l d ere sm m i no race o ea e scars, no e or e s
o f d f t e ea H w .
p i te t l i k S t
as P ul no A u g u t i
en en ,
e . a or s n e,
n or d H oe s f i wh H i dyi g M m y f u
e con ess s n en e s n . en a o co rse
b e i ful u w
s n b t nat uhm ar e s , J u Th i t u no s c en as es s. e n en s e
m ora l p i t h t v i b t i H i b u k f P t ( M t 1 6 ) i m pl i
a n a ra e s n s re e o e er
23
es
a n ex qui i t i tis t th p
e s en s f vil
v e n ess N t ly o e re s en ce o e . o on so
as G gu l h m k d p
o e a s re lity f t hi d p th d thi l
ar e ,
a erson a o s e an e ca
i t i ty h d H f l t
n en s ,
a i u f i i v th ligh t t
e e con sc o s o s n n e en e s es
d g e w uld h v b
re e, o v wh lm d by f li g f p ig t
a e ee n o er e e ee n s o o n an
an d um i g g i f F u th i vi w f t h blig ti
con s n r e .
1 r ti g er, n e o e o a on res n
on H im t d i p l o u i mp i H i p i t t il
s e e rron e o s re ss on s , s ers s en S en ce,
no t wi t h t d i g th p
s an wi thi H im f b d
n e resen ce i n o a a con sc e n ce,
w uld h v b th l t hyp i y Fi lly

o a e e en e v yp g f
as ocr s . na , on e er a e o
th G p l w
e os u t u h i mp i l d m d f b d i
e s, e en co n er s c er a e an s or o e en c e,
as w ll eg i u p mi
as ra c o f h lp sd p d ro i t w ul d h v
ses o e an ar on , as o a e
b ee n an e n or m i ty f i ful m t ut t or a S n an o er .
T racesf m l i mp f t i h v v th l b d i
o ora er ec on a e ne er e es s ee n s
co v d t v i u p i t i Hi
ere a ar o s H i d u i ti
o n s n f s career . s en nc a on o
th Ph i
e h b
ar s ee s h t i d h h d f li g ;
as een c arac er s e as ar s an u n ee n
Hi b h i t Hi m th d b th h b u d
‘
s e av our o s o er an re ren as e en c en s re
f or
ga v l k ra f ff e t i ac
; d t o m H i a l iec g f
on t h an o so e s c ean s n o e
T mpl h pp d
e e as bl m w thy
a eare f as l Sti ll
a a e or e x ces s o z ea .
m ore g l u
race e ss t i h v b a cc b d sa t h on s t d a e ee n ase on o er n arra e
ac st .M t d wi ll f l t h t H i
os rea ers du t h f th ee a s con c on eac O e
i p i fi d i qui t i t ll igi bl m i f t t i f fid l i ty
occas on s s ec e s a e n e e an es a on o e
t Hi M
o s i i t k ess an c It w t k wh i h p v k d
as . i t as a as c ro o e re s s a n ce ,
n e ce ss it ti g u t i t a n i i t tu
co n er—re s s an ce
; d i t w ul d h n s rn an o av e
b een a vi i J u t vi tu t h i k f m th p i ful d uty

ce n es s, n o a r e, o S r n ro e a n .
E ugh t h t u h
no a H w s c i u
a v i th
on e as d e a s con s c o s, e en n ese a n
s imil i t ar f mp l t
n s an ces , o d qu y t H i co w id l e e a e ac o s o n ea .
Ag i t t h v i w t h t J u h d
a ns e i t i
e xp i a f es s a no n e r or e er e n ce o
i
s n, i t i i ll gi ti m t t u g H i
s e lf ubj ti t b p ti m F
a e o r e s se -s ec on o a s . or
i Hi
n l pt
s cas e a s o acce f th it i g ifi d th d fi i t an c e o l e r e s n e e e n e reso v e
t s i t Hi m lf w i t h t h M i i
o as oc a e se mmu i ty i xp t ti e e ss a n c co n n e ec a on
o f t h K i gd m e d in th o
p d
an i g p i n f i g h t u
e cor res on n ass on or r eo s
n ess ; b t wh i l f u th p pl the dv t
or f th eK i gd m eo e e a en o e n o
d m d d p it
e an e d th en b d m t f k w
en ce an i f m e a an on en o no n s n, ro
J u i t k d lf
es s as ti
e t th
se M i i-con s t iv i ty by
ecra on o e e ss a n c ac
wh i h t h K i gd m w b b u gh t i J u b pt i m i ’
c e t n o as o e ro n . es s a s , n
1
Op . ci t . 20 2 .
H I S S I N LE SSN E SS 37
s h ort, f orm e d a cr uilc a s t age i n H is d ee p en n g s e i lf id - en t i fi ca t i on
wi t h si n ful m en —
“
a great act of ov i n g l commu n i on wi h t ou r
m i s ery ,
”
as i t h as b ee n ib
d es cr e d , i n w c hi h He um b
n ere d Hi m
se lf wit h th e t ra n sgres sors an d t oo k al l t h ei r bu d r en s as H i s
own . ul y w ill b f l t i i t p ti g H i ply t

More d i ffi c t e e n n er re n s re o
t h y u g ul wh lut t i G d M t H w v d b k “ ”
e o n r er, os e s a a on , oo as er, e a e ac
wi th t h u m p m i i g j i d e n co N ro i g d s n re o n er,
“
on e s oo sa v e on e,
e v G d (Mk
en o Th w d t b v il d f i e or s can n o e a e e con es s on
O f m l d li qu y whi h t i ly w ul d t h v t k thi
ora e n en c ,
c cer a n o no a e a en s
a m b i gu u d o ll b t s u l f m Wh t J u d i l i m
an a u ca s a or . a es s sc a s,
th i G d p f t g d N b t G d i g d wi t h
’
ra er, s o s er ec oo n ess . on e u o s oo
a g d oo u h gi g d t l ; H ly
n ess nc an n t b t mp t d
an e ern a e on can n o e e e
o f vil b t t f v i u d i t i d d im mu t bl
e ,
u re s s or e er n n con on e an a e
p f ti
er e c J u on . th t es y l t b di s, on by th e c on rar ,
e arn O e en ce e
t h i g whi h H
n s uff d b i g t mp t d i ll p i t li k w
c e s ere , e n e e n a o n s e as e
are
(H 5 e I th 8
f t d t up i i ty t
n e s e n se o ra n s c en en s er or o
m ora l fli t d t h t u u bl ig ti t p H i vi tu
con c an e s ren o s o a on o rov e s r e
e v f h i f f w t mp t t i
er a r es n ace O d d i ffi ul t y H l i d
ne e a on an c ,
e a no
l im tot h b lut g d
c a e f Hi F th
a so Wh i h mi d
e
”
oo n ess o s a er . c re n s
uS e mp h t i lly t h t h h l i a ca f J u a d i pl y d i
t eth o n ess o es s , as s a e n e
recor d f H i lif i o u t m ti ff t f m t phy i l b

s e, s no a o a c e ec o a e a s ca su
t
s a n ce, b t i i t p f t d f m th f ui t f
u n s ti u u m
er ec e l or e r O con n o s ora
vo li t i p v d d d u t i d b y t h Sp i i t I t i t
on er a e an s s a ne e r . s a on ce
th F th if iv ly l hi l
’
e a
g t d er s
p g i d
an i t p i
ro re s s e re a se n an e ca ex er
en ce .Th i f ll w f m t h m l d i ti f i
s o o s ro ti e ora con on s o n carn a on .
It m y l b h l d wi th m u h th t J u w d t
’
a a so e e ,
c re ason , a es s or s o
t h y u g ul
e o mu t b i t p t d
n r er lu i ly i th ligh t f
s e n er re e ex c s ve n e o
th i id
e nc t i t lf I en th t th y
se . i m p ly m n t lik a case, e are s ea n , e SO
m y f J u u tt t th w th m b k p hi w
’
an o es s er an ces , o ro e an ac u on s o n
mi d n A d
. d i gly t h yn accort b l v tly i t d i
n e ca n n o e re e an c e n a
di u i L d il ’
sc f
s s on o our or s S n e ss n e ss.
F m
or t thi k
so e th rece n pt f i l i ndi ers e con c e o S n essn es s s s
qu li fi d by i t u d uly g ti v h t
a e s n d th y d i gly
ne a e c ara c er, a n e accor n
pl i t by t h i d f J u p f t fi d li ty t H i
’
p p ro t
ose o re ace e ea o es s er ec e o s
v tioca Si l
on . if p d i t d f
n es s n es s, hi l d mi gh t m re ca e o a c , e an no
m or e th i p i ty f an i u t
n ca acg i N w t ly or con sc o s ra n s ress on . o no on
d oe s th p t f fi d l i ty t v
e con ce ti b i g
o t h t i ti f
e o oca on r n ou a c ara c er s c O
fu d m t l i mp t
n a en a i J u p li ty b t v l N w
or a n c e n es s
’
e rson a ,
u se e ra e
T t m t p g u u lly qu t d u d th h d f i l
es a en as sa es s a o e n er e ea o S n ess n es s
m i gh t b t i ll m e fi tly pls d d th
ore th t g y ( g ace un er e o er ca e or e. .
1 P 2 Ph 2 21
,
l J N v th l
7 8
,
th p ifi t h u gh t f
n e er e es s , e s ec c o o
l
S i n es s n es s h hw is on e t ff d t l
w ic W d p
e can n o a or o ose . e nee a re
d i t whi h b t ly l y J ful fil m t f H i ’
ca e di c t m
ears rec ,
no ere on e su s en o s
t k b t
as ,
th i
u on li f whi h m d th i ful film t p ibl
e n n er e c a e s en oss e
th p i
e t h id d
r va e t m f t h ugh t f l i g
e n s rea d v li t i whi h
o o ,
ee n ,
an o on c
fl w d
o e t f out i l o d v l p m t d i g f m v y bi t h
a s a n es s e e o en at n ro er r .
I n all d i i l v ti w it H i g i t i p i bl
so-ca e c v oca on ,
”
r es a er n ,
“
s os s e
t b f i thful p t f m p f t i w d p u i t y ; i
o e a a ar ro th f er ec n ar r n e cas e o
J u fi d li ty w p i bl ly th ugh u p tu b d m
es s e as oss e on ro an n er r e co
mu i w i th th F t h i t h h i d d d p f th h t ” 1
n on e a er n e en ee s o e ear .
Su h m c l p f ti i t ora i p l i bl ; y t M
er ec on s o us n ex ca e e ,
as r .
B dl y h
ra e id as t t k sa w h w thi g b i
,
“
no o di no o a n ca n e s no s
p roof th t th t hi g mu t b d i E th i l p y h l gy b d
a e n s e an s .
”
ca s c o o ,
as e
on th p i e ex f i er en ce omu t v fi d i l S n n ers , my t y s e er n S n e ss n ess a s er .
W u f t h f t ; u l t h t th f t w m d i t d i
e ar e s re o e ac s re a so a e ac as e a e n
eth i l cad p i i tu l m d
an s J u
r l w il b u H
a o e s. es s a on e a s S n ess, eca se e
f lt
e w d as t th
e p w l
o no d i u ffi i
e y f th
o e r ess n ess an ns c en c o e
hum will t u t i i lf i g d ; l b u H f l t
an o s s a n t se n oo n e ss a so e ca se e e
as w d e t m o no h dp d an s s
’
t h H ly F t h
ee r wh e en e n ce on e o a er os e
res
p t
on s ei m p l d
o S m p l t f i t hp
e an u d t di g
co e e a as se s n ers an n .
1
Der ch ri stl i eh e Gl a u be, 3 98 .
d i g g od d h li g ll th t w
o n o , an pp ss d of t h ea n a a er e o re e e
d vil ; f G d w with H i m
e or o But this M as
”
an
wh m th y h d sl i is w vi dic t d m v ll usly ;
o e a a n no n a e ar e o
th h p s
e t up
o e Him h v b c m c t i ti s A w
se on a e e o e er a n e . s e
r ea d i v s t h imp t c f which f th p imitiv

n a er e e or a n e o or e r e
Ch ist l gy w c t v stim t
r o o G d h th m d
e a nn o o e re a e :
“
o a a e
Him b th L d d Ch ist this J sus wh m y c ucifi d

o or an r ,
e o e r e
Th s w ds v l th s c t f th w f ith
e e or re ea e e re o e ne a .
F orth fi st tim it h b k
e r hum mi ds th t e as ro en on an n a
J s u s is L d It is by su cti th t H h t k
e or . re rr e on a e as a en
H i pl c s p ly th Ch ist W
a e O en d t i t p t as e r . e n ee no n er re
t h wo ds
e m a i g th t H w
r as t M ssi h p vi usly
e n n a e as n o e a re o ,
a p siti wh ich m k s ch s f t h Sy ptic

o on tiv ;a e a ao o e no n arra e
b u t c t i ly w m y ffi m th t t till ft d th d
er a n e a a r a no a er ea an
re su cti w H th fully m if st d Ch ist i

rre on as e e an e e r ,
n a
p f ct m
er e ll th t which t h Ch ist w
an n e r a t b This a e r as o e .
is i h m y with t h g
n ar on l c victi xp ss d e en era on on e re e
th ugh ut t h N w T st m t ( cf R 1 ) th t su cti
ro o e e e a en . 0
4
a re rre on
o p s en w t asc d t s t dium i t h c
ne ra n f J sus en en a n e a re e r o e .
H w e t h Ch ist
as v du i g His lif tim
e r th d e en r n e e on ea r ,
an
w ck wl dg d i t h t ch ct by f ith ; y t His t u
as a no e e n a a ra er a e r e
st tus c uld b th discl s d ly i

a o e st ict d d en o e on n a re r e an
c diti d m su
on on e Th f ct th t H w ea is d f m
re .
“
e a a e as ra e ro
th ed d did t m k J sus t h Ch ist ; but it sh w d

ea no a e e e r o e
Him t b such o e .
”
1
Thus th g sp l p ch d by St P t m y b
e o e r ea e . e er a e con
d d i
en s e th t u t h th t J sus c ucifi d d is is
n e on e r a e ,
r e an r en ,
t h p mis d Ch ist
e ro f G d e H is tt st d by mi cl s
r o o . e a e e ra e
w ught by Hi m s lf
ro d l t i His m but e or on e a er n na e,
sup m ly by t h m zi g m i cl of t h su cti
re e e a a n ra e e re rre on .
This pp l t J sus mi cl s it is w th ti g is t h
a ea o e
’
ra e ,
or no n ,
e
1
Ma t h e ws Mess i a n i c H op e, 13 0 Th e n a m e of J W ei ss i s p rom i n en t l y
h f h
, . .
a ssoci a t ed wi t th e Op i n i on t ha t f or t h e p r i m i t i ve a i t t h e e ar t h l y J es us
wa s y et Mes si ah , b ut ev en
n ot h e i s un a bl e t o ca rry t h r oug h so d rast i c an
i n t erp re t a t i on T us we fi n d h i m h con ced i n g t h at t h e d i sci p l es wh o p re a ch ed

f h h f
.
“
a t er P en t ecos t m us t a ve k n own or b eli ev ed t at J e s us i n s om e or m or
ot h er r ega rd ed H i m se lf as t h e f ul fill e r of t h e p rop h ecy ( D t t h e fin al

mess en ger God t o I s ra el , i n
of so me sen se h
or ot er t h e M ess i ah ( Ch ri st : the
B egi n n i ngs of D ogma ,
E A RL I E ST F ORM OF D OCT RI NE 41
on ly di ct d c c t llusi t t h v ts f His
re an on re e a on o e e en o
ea r thly lif E v His w k e . T ch is b ly

en or as ea er a re
m ti d
en on e Th sp k s mi d is d w i sistibly e ea er
’
n ra n rre
to th t pics L ss th w might h v xp ct d is
o er o . e an e a e e e e
s id t t h b i g f J sus d th t h f giv ss f
a as o e ea r n o e
’
ea on e or e ne o
si s ; th ugh His d th is d sc ib d f ly f s
n o ea d e r e r ee as ore een an
p re-ord i d f G
a ne d ; d wh t is v
o y sig ific t
o it is an ,
a er n an ,
disti ctly ll g d t h v b
n a c ss y p su m bly
e e o a e een n e e ar ,
re a as a
p t f His d mi g w k
ar o re B t wh t bs bs t h
ee n or u a a or e
p ch is J sus d liv c f m t h g v d t y
r ea er e
’
e e ran e ro e ra e an en r
i t gl y
n o This J sus did G d is up h d cl s
or
“
e o ra e ,
”
e e a re ,
“
wh f w ll wit ss s
ereo e a H is sp ki g
a re t ne e e ea n no
m ly i vi w f t h su cti pp
e re n e c s b t i th
o e re r re on a e a ra n e , u n e
p w f th t i ff c bl i m p ssi l ft by J sus i t h
o er O a ne a ea e re on e e n e
l g i t c u s f th i discipl ship Th E st f i t h is
on n er o r e o e r e . e a er a
th e livi g sult t f th visi f th Ris O cti g

n re an o e on o e en ne a n
on a n d h m isi g with t h pu
ar on d subli m im g
n f e re an e a e O
J sus which h d b st mp d up th i m m y Th
e a e en a e on e r e or . e
h ll m k f N w T st m t ligi f i t h i
a - ar o e x lt d e a en re on , a n an e a e
L d is t hus h w fi m d cl t t h v y u t s t M
or ,
S o n r an ea r a e er o e . en
wh h d b d ily i J sus c mp y k w th t th y ’
o a een a n e o an ne a e
w still i l ti s t Him H w still t h s m

er e n re a on o . e as e a e
P s e r on th y h d k w d l v d ; d th d su cti
e a no n an o e ea an re rre on
t imp i d His i dividu lity W t d d k “

h d a no a re n a e a e an ra n
with H i m ft H s f m th d d a er e Ev if
ro e ro e ea en
a s yi g f this ki d m y v l t c s f u c sci us
a n o n a re ea ra e o n on o
m t i li s ti
a er a t l l v ts it p v s h w di ff
a on , a t th
a e en ro e o eren e
i t c u s f t h is Ch ist with His f ll w s is f lt t

n er o r e o e r en r o o er e o
b f m
e ro m ly subj ctiv d t sit y visi
a ere A it e e an r an or on . S
h as b put Th is
een such thi g i t h N w
:
“
e re no n n e e
T st m t
e a en pp c f t h Ris S vi u i which
as an a ea ra n e o e en a o r n
H m e ly pp s H is lw ys p s t d
e re a ear .t i g e a a re re e n e as e n er n
i t l ti s t th s wh
n o re a on H im i th
o w ys th by
o e o see n o er a an
a fl sh up t h i
a on th ut y H s t blish s
e n n er or e o er e e : e e a e
o th c mmu ic ti s b tw Hi m s lf d His w th
er o n a on e een e an o n an
t h t which b ch ct is d i this w y ”
a ca n eT b a ra er e n a .
1
o e
l t d thus t t h x lt d L d is t h diff ti l f t
re a e o e e a e or e e r en a ea ure
1
D enn ey , D ea th of Ch r i st, 6 7 .
42 U S CH RI ST
TH E P E RS ON OF J E S
o f Ch isti ity His p s c i spi d b li v s d

r an . re en e n re e e er , an so
t ustfully did th y l
r it th t d th w e thi g m ea n on a ea as n o n ore
t ibl th f lli g sl p
err e an a n a ee
V i us pi t h ts h v b
ar o pp d d t this fi st sk tch
e e a e een a en e o r e
o f C h ist l gic l d ct i r o o By s m w it s it h b
a o r ne . o e r er as ee n
ro u dly d sc ib d hu m it i ; but v y symp th tic

n e r e as an ar an e er a e
re a d must f l t h t i th c c pti s f Ch ist d

er ee a n e on e on O r an
“
L d th l y f m th b gi i g w l t h f c t t
or
”
ere a ro e e nn n a ea o on en
an d f implic ti
o f t sc di g t h li m its f m m
a on ar ra n en n e o er e an
h d Oth s i vi w f p ss g lik A 2 p f t
oo . er ,
n e o a a a e e c
3 2—3 6
,
re e r o
sp k f it Ad pti ist d i this qu s t i bl t mi

ea O as o on an n e ona e er n us
t h i
ec n cu s , b tt s v d f t h vi w which d t s J sus
e er r e er e or e e a e e
’
S p ci l S ship f m t h b ptis m t t h J d th is t
e a on ro e a a e or an , e re a
a l l v ts this much t uth th t J sus i

e en p s td r , a e s re r e en e as
t i g full M ssi ic dig ity t th su cti

en e r n on e d an n a e re rre on , a n
as h vi g fi st m if st d His w s v ig p w by t h
a n r an e e ne o er e n o er e
o utp u i g f t h Spi it But b tt dj ctiv t h

o r n o e r . a e er a e e an
e ith is udim t y Th t t l bs c f t h id f
er
“
r en ar .
”
e o a a en e o e ea o
p re-e xist c f x mpl is

en e, sig ific t for e t h th l gica l e, n an or e eo o a
i te f t h b li f
n a ve o e e e .
A t t h s m tim th e p sitiv f tu s whic h

a e e, e re a re o e ea re
p v th t J sus w l dy vi w d h vi g His pl c
ro e a e a s a re a e e as a n a e
s m h w wi t hi t h ph
o e o f G dh d n To b is d t e
:
S er e o o ea . e ra e o
G d s ight h d is t p t icip t i t h Divi p w

o
’
r an d o ar a e n e ne o er an
gl y Th gift f t h Spi it is b st w d by H i m d
or . e o e r e o e , an
t his S pi it is t h Spi it f G d r W ught et t f gt r o o . e o no o or e
th t this cl im t p ss ss th Spi it w l g ly
a a o pp lo e e r as ar e an a ea
t s m thi g which
o o e v t h l k c uld c g is d
n e en e on oo er o re o n e an
v ify Th cc pt c f J sus Ch ist m if stly l d

er . e a e an e o e as r an e e
to a ne w xp i c S pi i t fi l l d m
e e r en s up t p cl im e. r - e en r o e o ro a
a g sp l f s lv ti f m i d th d ll di b lic p w s
o e o a a on ro S n, ea , an a a o o er ,
an d it w imp ssibl to d y th t th i i spi ti w

as o e en a e r n ra on as
re a lly d t th i c cti with J sus I th

ue o e r on n e on e . n o er
w ys ls His p s h d t h ligi us v lu f G d
a a o er on a e re o a e o o .
P y ra is ff d t Him w ll i His m } d G d
er O ere o as e as n na e an o
71
p
59
i bl l f j bf S P
oss y 121
a
p k
1
f Hims o, L d or us t e ore t e t er S ea s o as or
h wh
. .
Cf . C
2 R OJ 1 28 , d ev 5
13
,
bj Zh Sk
n an on t e ol e s u ect a n, i zzen
a us d em L eben d er a l ten K i rch e, 1 8 9 4 , 27 1 ff .
P RA YER T o CH R I S T 43
is s id t h v pp i t d H i m ju dg f quick d d d
a o a e a o n e e o an ea .
H is Hims lf t h t h m
e f g sp l p e hi g t h bj ct f
e e e o o e rea c n , e o e o
f i th t h s u c f p it c d f giv ss Ov
a ,
e o r e d
o en en e an or en e . er a n
o v g i His m i His p s
er a a n, v ld d na e, . e
. er on as re ea e an
k w is p cl i m d
no n, s l m dium f d mpt iro a e as o e e O re e on
( 2 338
4 M
16
st sig ific t
12
f l l is His o n an o a
p ss si of t h titl L d
o es on f mili Ol d T st m t e e
“
or , a a ar e a en
d sig ti
e f J h v h
na I onth sm wy v ss f m
o e o a . n e a e a , er e ro
p ph cy
ro ps lm which t fi st f d t G d
e or a a r r e erre o o a re
a ppli d di ctly t J sus d t h c c pti f Him

e re o e , an e on e on o as
o ccupyi g th th f Is
n l is m g d i th v st
e ron e o ra e er e n e a er
th ught th t H is Ki g f t h w ld A F i h
o a e n o e or . S e ne as
p i t d t } th s l fty p dic t s
o n e ou ly i t lligibl if
e e o re a e a re on n e e
w supp s th t t h discipl s i
e o e t sp ct w c sci us
a e e n re ro e ere on o
th t v J sus thly lif v l d t c s f His h igh

a e en e
’
ea r e re ea e ra e o er
b i g E v th H h d b
e n . eni t d with th H ly en e a e en ano n e e o
Spi it d h d b h ly d just ; v th H w “ ”
r , an a ee n o an e en en e as
k ow by t h sublim m f t h S f M
n n e e na e o e
“
on O an
”
Th p i m itiv Ch ist l gy
e r b b st i t p t d
e th r o o ca n — e e n er re e as e
f uit f d i g m m y quick d by t h xp i c f
r o a or n e or en e e e e r en e O a
r is d gl ifi d R d m
en a n or e e ee er .
W w i p siti to co sid t h sugg sti

e a re no n a o on n er e e on
th t i t h li st f i t h t w f m s f f ith i Ch ist w t
a n e ea r e a o or O a n r en
sid by sid i p c ful iv l y th t t which H w

e e, n ea e r a r : a o e as
b t u p ph t d f u
a ro d th t t e which H
an ore r n n er , an a o e
l dy pp d
a rea u t h t ic lly Divi i m j sty d
a ea r e as a en a ne n a e an
re d mi g p w
ee If this m s th t th s f ms f
n o er . ea n a e e or o
Ch ist l gic l b li f w h ld sp ctiv ly by t w di ff t

r o o a e e ere e re e e o ere n
g ups f Ch isti s it must b s id t c th t f

ro o r an , e a a on e a so a r as
t h N w T st m
e t is c c d t h hyp t h sis is with ut
e e a en on e rn e e o e o
f u d ti
o n B th st i m t s w h ld by ll Ch isti s
a on . o e a e e re e a r an .
J sus w i d d p ph t m igh t y i w d d d d
e as n ee a ro e n or an ee
”
( Lk b t ls f m t h v y t s t H w t h u a o ro e er ou e e as e
M ssi h Ki g wh h d b
e a - vi dic t d by His isi g f m
n o a ee n n a e r n ro
th d de d c pti f u iv s l uth i t y F m which

ea an re e on O n er a a or . ro
1
Th eol ogi e d . N T, 20 3 .
1 13
Th e t er m r a ts (3 , 4 27 ) i s S e rv a n t ra t h er t han Son , a n d al l b ut
cert a i n l c on t a i n s a n a l l us i o n to Is 5 3
y .
44 T HE P E RSON OF J ES US C H RI ST
we m a yd w i f c s fi st th t th di ff c f
ra t wo n e ren e : r , a e e re n e o
vi w b tw
e S t P ul
e d t h p imitiv
e en . p st lic s ci ty
a an e r e a o o o e
w as t no f p i cipl one but f d g si c t h is

o r n e, o e ree , n e e r en
J sus w
e g dd
as n ever di y m re A d ar e as an or n ar an . n
s c dly th t it is dl ss t h v c u s t supp s d
e on ,
a n ee e o a e re o r e o a o e
“
M ssi ic d gm tic f
e an th ugust pi t h ts f m t h
o a or e a e e ro e
fi st tt ibut d t Ch ist Th y
r a r e suffici tly cc u t d
o r . e ar e en a o n e
for by t h pp c s f th is L d
e a ea ra n e o e r en or .
This p imiti c c pti f Ch ist is p v d d by

r ve on e on o r er a e
an i t s sch t l gic l f li g Whil it is

n en e e a o o
gg a ee n . e a n ex a era
ti t sp k f J sus thly lif

on o ea o b i g f St P t
e
’
ea r e as e n or . e er
no m th or e p limi y c an y t th
a is c t i ly
re n ar a r ee r, e er e er a n
a st tli g p ccup ti
ar n th bs pti f mi d i
r eo a on , or ra er a or on , o n n
th h p e f th P
o e usi which m y b k
o e t h w ld
a ro a, a rea on e or
an
y m m t oT h imp endi g .t f t h Me ssi h is th en n r e urn o e e a e
k y t f th wh l
e no e o R p t y th f
e d tu
o e .
“
e en e, ere ore, an rn
a gi a n th t H m y s d t h Ch ist wh h th b
a e a en e r o a een
a pp i t d f y
o n e v J sus ( 3
or ou,Th p id f e en e
19 °
e er o o
w i t i g will b sh t M still thi k i t h fo ms f

a n e or . en n n e r o
na tio l M ssi ism

na e an .
I t th s f ms h w v u dim t y th u gh th y
n o e e or ,
o e er, r en ar o e
b e, a w d i fi it c t t h
ne an b pu d W fi d
n n e on en as een o re . e n ,
i d d sc c ly
n ee ,
ff t t c
ar e t syst m f c c pti s
an e or o rea e a e o on e on
a d qu t t t h v luti isi g xp i c th ugh which

e a e o e re o on n e e r en e ro
t h wit e ss s f t h gl ifi d L d h d p ss d D ct i
ne e o e or e or a a e . o r ne
c uld t b gi till m h d fi st liv d th ms lv s i t t h

o no e n en a r e e e e n o e
ne w th ught f Ch ist o But l dy th i tti t ud is th t

O r . a rea e r a e a
f f ith d w ship J sus tu is s t b u iv s l ’

o a an or . e na re een o e n er a
an d bs lut i a th
o s s th t v ythi g which
e n e b en e a e er n ca n e
c ll d s lv ti is m di t d by His p w
a e a a on E x lt ti e a e o er . a a on
h t f
a s se His i flu c f m ll limits wh th f pl c
ree n en e ro a , e er o a e
or tim ; H is w v il bl v ywh
e e no d lw ys It
a a a e e er e re a n a a .
c uld ly b qu s t i f tim u til th l gic l m st

o on e a e on o e n a eo o a a er
mi d sh uld is t t f th t h u susp ct d sig ific c

n o r e o se or e n e e n an e
o f th s l m t l f cts f f ith d lif

e e e e en a a o a an e .
Tu i g rn n n ow Fi st E pis tl f P t w fi
to the r e o e er, e nd a
w itr er wh o is i t s t d it m y b f i ly s id th
n ere e , a e a r a ,
ra er in
F I RS T E P I S T LE OF P E TE R 45
th e s lv ti cc mplish d by Ch ist th i th tic l

a a on a o e r an n eor e a
p bl ms l ti g t His p s
ro e Th E pistl
re a lik t h n o e r on . e e, e e
sp ch s i Acts sts
ee e d v lv s u d th c t st
n ,
re on a n re o e ro n e on ra
f t h p ssi f J sus with His p s t s v ig ty th “

o e a on O e re en o e re n , e
su ff i gs f Ch ist d t h gl i s th t sh uld f ll w
er n o r an e or e a o o o
”
I b th t h vid c f Ol d T st m t p ph cy is
n o e e en e o e a en ro e
a pp l d t ea e d m th c t h s m qu t ti s
o, an or e an on e e a e o a on
o ccu B t h mph sis t h Divi f

r . o di ti f t h e a e e ne or e -or na on o e
C ss ; b th f t th i l ss p f cti f t h s lf
ro o re er o e S n e er e on o e e
s c ifici g Victi m W m y g th t h w it s f v u it
a r n . e a a er e r er
’
a o r e
th ught f Ch ist f o m th f ct th t J sus is v u s d

o o r r e a a
“
e
”
ne er e
by its lf whil Ch ist h b c m

e ,
p p m e
“
r
”
as e o e a ro er na e .
W iss is p b bly c ct i xpl i i g this

e ro a d t th orr e n e a n n as ue o e
f ct th t t h p s
a f J sus is c t mpl t d by t h
a e er on o e on e a e e
Ch isti lw ys d xclusiv ly i His sp cific qu lity

r an a a an e e n e a
M di t f s l ti It is p i t i Ch ist l gy ” 1
as e a or o a va on . a o n n r o o
wh ere slight ch g f cc t h t k pl c
a an e o a en as a en a e as
c t st d with th P t i sp ch s
on ra e e e r ne ee e .
Is t h fu th dv c i 1 ? Wh it is s id
e re a r er a an e n
11
en a
th t th Spi it f Ch ist i t h p ph ts t stifi d b f

a e r o r n e ro e
“
e e e or e
h d t t h su ff i gs f Ch ist d i
an o eltd v s er n o r ,
”
an n a re a e er e
th t Ch ist w f k w i d d b f th
a r as ore no n n ee e ore e
f u d ti f t h w ld but w m if st d t t h d f
o n a on o e or , as an e e a e en o
t h ti m s f y u s k m y w c clud th t t h w it ”
e e or o r a e, a e on e a e r er
b li v d i th p xist c f Ch ist ? Th gum ts

e e e n e re -e en e o r e ar en on
e ith sid will b f u d i t h c m m t i s ; h it

er e e o n n e o en ar e ere can
on ly b s id th t t h l gu g f 1 by its lf pp tly
e a a e an a e o
11
e a aren
m ea ns m th th t th Divi Spi it w m uch

no ore an a e ne r , no so
id tifi d with C h ist p p ly t b c ll d H i Spi it

en e r as ro er o e a e s r ,
m v d ls i t h p ph ts f l d tim Th p i cipl f lif

o e a o n e ro e o o e . e r n e o e
an d p w th t fill d th m if st d Ch ist w p tiv

o er a e e an e e r as O era e
e v p i t His c mi g But this vi w t h p ss g

en r or o o n . on e e a a e
a ft ll m ks st g t w ds t h full ss ti f p
er a ar a a e o ar e a er on o re
e xist c th ugh it d s t ss t it quit di ctly Th

en e , o oe no a er e re . e
Spi it i which t h i m st b i g f J sus w c stitut d h d

r n e n o e n o e as on e a
p i t d t th su ff i gs th t b f ll Him O t h th
o n e on o e er n a e e . n e o er
h d 1 is disti ctly m sig ific t Whil t h w d

an ,
20
n ore n an . e e or
f the N ew Testa men t i

1
B i bl i ca l Th eol ogy o , . 226 .
46 THE P E RSON OF J E S US CH RI S T
f k w ore no n i v lv s t h
( u p oev o
'
h é vov) in no wa y n o e e
p xist c
re -e f Ch is t si c i t is us d v
en e o f Ch isti s r ,
n e e e en o r an
1 y t t h u usu l c m bi t i f k w wi t h
2 “ ”
i n ,
e fe n a o na on o ore no n
“
m if st d m y jus tly b c sid d
an e e
”
pl ci g t h
a e on e re as a n e
m t t b y d d ubt O ly th t
a er e on b m if t d which
o . n a ca n e an es e
w i b i g b f
as n m if st ti
e n Th us v th ugh t h
e ore an e a on .
,
e en o e
p i t is t i sist d t h p s f Ch ist is l dy lif t d

o n no n e on , e er on o r a rea e
cl f t h c ti g ci s f tim vi w d
ea r o e on th mb d i
n en e o e, e e as e e o
m t f Divi Spi i t d giv

en o a pl c withi t h
ne r ,
an en a a e n e
re d mi g w ld pl
ee n f G d M or d m -
th an O o . ore an ore e
hist ic l is b i g fus d wi t h t h t l
or a e n e e e e rn a .
Th Ch ist e ch ct is d th w r v l d i th
so a ra er e , en , as re ea e n e
l st ti m s W h v v gu hi t t t h c s tituti
a e . e a e a a e n as o e on on
f His p s t h difficul t ph s b i g put t “

o i er on n e ra e e n o
d th i t h fl sh but quick d i t h spi i t ; wh

ea n e e , ene n e r
”
ere
th t w e d tiv s ( p l d w éu )
o a e x ctly p ll l c
ra /c an ve a rt a re e a ara e .
Th fl sh is t h
e e sph l m t i whic h d t h t k
e e re or e e en n ea oo
pl c ; si mil ly th pi i t is t h sph
a e ar f su cti
, e S r e er e o re rre on ,
th l m t f lif th t m d it p ssibl I i tu f
e e e en O e a a e o e . n v r e o
on e a sp ct f His b i g C h ist di d ; i vi tu f t h th
e o e n , r e n r e O e o er
an d high H w is d g i
e r, Th v s t fi st
e as ra e a a n .
1
e er e a r
S ight c m s v y o t th
e t h d x d ct i
er f t h Tw
n ea r o e or o o o r ne o e o
N tu s ; wh t i t
a re lly d s h w v is t c t m pl t
a r ea oe ,
o e er, o on e a e
th p s e lity f Ch is t f m t w d i ff t p i ts f vi w
e r on a o r ro o e ren o n o e ,
as c p bl of d th t h
a a e h d d th
ea th f on e on e an , an on e o er o
re su cti rr e S pi it m s h t h Divi vit l p i cipl

on . r ea n er e e ne a r n e,
i
n high p t cy th it t t i s i m
a er o en d thus an a a n n an , an
ch c t is d by
a ra er ss ti l d i d st uctibl
e gy an e en a an n e r e en er .
Th evid c th t Ch is t s pi it w l d with v st
e en e a r
’
S r as a en a
a b m l p w s is th t H w t d p c h d u t t h
n or a o er a e en an rea e n o e
spi its i p is
r (3 n Wh t v this m s it
r on
” 19
a e er ea n ,
p cl ims th t wh v m
ro a Ch ist
a s v Ev er e er en a re , r c an a e . en
i
n th gi f th d d H m ust h v m if st d H i
e re on o e ea e a e an e e s
pw o er F m ly i A
.
2
th org u d f J sus
er , n c e ro n o e
’
re su cti h d b
rre f u d m ly i Old T st m t
on a ee n o n er e n e a en
p dicti b t w t h st p is t k f tt ibu t i g it t
re on , u no e e a en O a r n o
1 3 ‘1
In a s en se R0 1 °
m a y be co m p a re d .
2
Cf De n n ey J e s us
.
, a nd th e Gosp el , 4 8 .
t he ttitud t k by m f u sp cul tiv mi ds t h

a e a en en o n e a e n , e
f ct is ly t h m full f sugg sti

a on It i m pli s
e ore o e on . e
th t th
a m lly Ch isti
e i t llig c c t f i
n or a r an n e en e an n o re ra n
f m p dic ti g f J sus Ch ist t h

ro re a n ligi us v luo e r e re o a e
o f G d N t m t physics i
o . th w
o g pl c b t f i t h
e a n e r on a e, u a
c sci us f its w sig ific c

on o o d th f o chi g
n n an e an er e ore re a n
ou t t clo xp ssi f its p p c t t h b

a ear e re on o ro er on en , as een
re sp sibl f t h high Ch is t l gy t b f u d v i
on e or e r o o o e o n e en n
t h fi st
e igi s f
r ligi
or n o ou r r e on .
1
1
Th e m a t er i a l s f or a n ex h a u s t i v e t rea t m en t of t h e p ri m i t i v e Ch ri st ol ogy
would o f c ou r s e h a v e t o b e d ra wn a l so f ro m St . P a ul ( e g 1 Co 1 5
.
3 11
.
) an d
th e sy n op t i c Gos p el s B ut I h av e n ot en t ered on t h i s fi el d , m y O b ect j
h
.
b ei n g m e rel y t o sk et ch t h e m ai n d i s t i n gui s h a bl e typ es of C ri st ol ogy

p res en t
i n t h e N e w Tes t am en t.
C H AP T E R I I I .
T Y O F ST P AUL
T H E C H RI S O L O G . .
I N t h f ll wi g st t m t f St P ul s vi w f Ch ist
’
e o o n a e en o . a e o r
it h as t b t h ught
no c ss y t m k sh p dis
ee n o ne e ar o a e a ar
t i cti n b tw th f g t E pis t l s t t h G l ti s
on e e en e ou r re a e — o e a a an ,
R m s o d C i thi s
an , an d th l t g up k w
or n an —an e a er ro , no n as
t h E pistl s f t h
e Imp is m t F
e O t hi g xc l e r on en . or on e n , e e
l t c itic l pi i m y b qu t d f t h st t m t th t
en r a O n on a e o e or e a e en a
a ll t h Imp is m t E pi tl s
e r g ui on th t post en s e a re en n e, so a
P uli
a d v l p m ts y i E ph si s d t f b
ne e e o en ,
sa n e an , n ee no so ar e
a ll w d f
o e M v if w h v l dy i R 9
or . d
oreo e r, e a e a rea n 0
5—
an
p h ps v i 2 Th 1
er a e enxplicit ss ti f Ch ist s
n
12 1
an e a er on o r
’
d ity i t is pl i t h t qui t ly t h p s tl h d xp ss d
e ,
a n a e ea r e a o e a e re e an
e s t i m t f L d s b i g b y d which it w imp ssibl

a e o ou r or
’
e n e on as o e
t g
o d w m y disc u t t h hyp th sis th t i his l t
o, a n e a o n e o e a n a er
y s h g v hims lf up t u b idl d d f t stic p

ea r e a e e o n r e an an a s e cu
l ti
a f
on , s t wh lly li t his p vi us th ught
o a or o a en o re o o .
This m s th t ch l gic l ch ts f St P ul s dv c
ea n a r on o o a ar o . a
’
a an e
in Ch is t i k wl dg which h v pl s d
r an no but e e, a e ea e no on e
th i uth s m y b l id sid It is b tt pl t
e r a or ,
a e a a e .
‘
a e er an o
a tt m pt c mp h siv vi w f his th ught i its pl stic

e a o re en e e o o n a
an d vivid u i t y E ugh if w m k h
n d th
. no e ar ere an er e a
diff c f cc t i
er en e o li d l t a f mul ti s en n ea r er a n a er or a on .
LI T E RAT U R E — Sch m i d t , D i e p a u li n i sch e Ch r i s t ol ogi e, 1 8 7 0 ; Som er v i l l e

S t P a u l s Con cep ti on of Ch r i st, 18 9 7 Moff a t t , P a u l a n d P a u l i n i sm , 1 910
’
.
Ol sc h e ws k i , D i e Wu r zcl n d er p a u l t n i schen Ch r i stol ogi e, 1 9 0 9 Gog uel ,

p ot re P a ul ct J es u s Ch ri s t , 19 0 4 ; W ei n el , P a u l u s d er hf e n sch u n d sei n
’
L
‘
Wer le, 1 9 0 4 ( E n g I T W r ed e, P a u l us 2, 19 0 7 ( E n g t r 1 90 7 ) Ka ta n
. . . . f ,
J es u s u n d P a ul us , 1 90 6 F ei n e , J es u s Ch r i stu s u nd P a u l u s , 19 0 2 Br uck n e r ,
D i e E a steh u n g d er p a u l i n i sch en Ch r i s tol ogi e, 1 90 3 K Ol bi ng, D ie gei st ige
'
Wi r ku n g d er I ers on J esu a uf P a u l u s , 19 0 6
’
.
1
v on D ob s ch ii t z, K om me n ta r i n l oo .
4
50 TH E P E RSON OF J E SUS CH R I S T
Is g tic cc u t f St P ul s vi w of Ch ist
a en e a o n o . a
’
e r
p ssibl ? C w t ll wh t t his mi d w ki g
o e an e e a se n a- or n on
th e s bj ct wh t quick i g i fl u c s sh p d his
u e , or a en n n en e a e
b li fs ? H lst p c d d by B u l g m i t i d th t
e e o en , re e e a r, on a n a ne a
w m ust t k t h
e p stl st ictly a th l gi wh s
e e a o e r as a eo o an , o e
l tt s b i f st t m ts f d gm tic H w t p im ily
e er a re r e a e en o o a . e ro e r ar
as a l gici ly i t h s c d pl c
o missi y Lik
a n , on n e e on a e as a on ar . e
his th doct i s Ch ist l gy t k f m i his mi d

o er r ne , r o o oo or n n as
th utc m of
e o s i g p c ss f p u l gic ppli d t
o e a r ea on n ro e ,
o re o a e o
t h f t of J sus C f t d by t h M ssi h s d th th ’
e a e e . on r on e e e a ea on e
c ss
ro v t h f lt l d with th Divi d mptiv
,
an e en ,
as e e ,
a en e n e re e e
pu p s St P ul yi ldi g t st ictly i t ll ctu l m

r o e, . a , e n o a r n e e a co
pulsi g v up t h th l gic l syst m f Jud is m d

on , a e e eo o a e o a an
re pl c d it by a e i which Ch ist pp d sy th sis

on e n r a ea re as a n e
o f h ist ic l t diti ord H ll istic d ct i s f

a ra p on an e en o r ne o a re
e xist t H v ly M en It is th y d ply m k d
“
ea en an . a eor ee ar e
by th i flu c f H g li di l ctic O such t ms
e n en e o e e an a e . n er
St P ul s g sp l K ft puts it is simply th g i
’
. a o e ,
as a an , e n os s
o f t h M ssi h s d th ;e t th f uit f g t ligio u s

e a
’
ea no e r o a rea re
e xp i c b u t th c ld ti l p ducti f p ti t
er en e, e o ,
ra on a ro on o a a en
th ist eor .
M c tly th pl c f H l t
ore re e np u ly i mm e a e o o s en s
’
re an
en at l th y h b t k by th t f l g d ctiv
e or as ee n a en a o a ar e an a e
sch ol f w it s u it d by k d v ti t th m th ds
o o r er ,
n e ee n e o on o e e o
o f sci tific hist y f en ligi Th i i t st f t h m st or o re on . e r n er e or e o
p t h l i i t ci g t h d sc t f id s A d th gist
ar as a n n ra n e e en o ea . n e
o f th i c clusi s e rf w on w c c d with on , so ar a s e a re no on ern e
th m h be ,
xp ss d with dmi bl cl
as e en ss i e re e a ra e ea r n e n
W i l s m wh t ud ci u s w ds
e ne
’
s o Th Ch ist l gic l
e a a a o or :
“
e r o o a
d gm l dy xist d i ll ss ti l p ticul s b f
o a a rea e e n a e en a ar ar e ore
J sus w b
e J wish M ssi ic sp cul ti s h d
as orn . e e an e a on a
l dy im gi d pictu f t h c mpl ti f which

a rea a ne a re or e o e on o
no thi g w w ti g but th Nic

n as d gm th t t h an n e en e o a a e
F tha d th S w
er a n f t h s m subst c e Ev on er e o e a e an e . en
th t t m t th t th w ld w c t d by th S f
e s a e en a e or as rea e e on o
G d w
o cu t pi i m g t h J ws v y
a s as rren an O n on a on e
‘
e as e er
thi g ls th t P ul t lls us of Ch ist s lif f m th

n e e a a e r
’
e ro e
b gi i g f t h w ld u til His s c d dv t i j dg
e nn n o e or n e on a en n
”
u
H OLST E N AN D W E I NE L 51
m t Th v lu f this m y b g t h d f m t h si gl
” 1
en . e a e o a e a er e ro e n e
f ct th t i J wish M ssi is m t h id s of
a a n e d mi g e an e ea a re ee n
d th d t iumph t su cti
ea an r wh t b fou d an re rre on a re n o ere o e n .
Ap t f m this d m gi g ci cumst c h w v
ar ro it is of a a n r an e, o e er,
i t st to t th t cc di g t B ii k W d d
n ere no e a ,
a or n o r c n er , re e, a n
o th sch l s t h l m ts v f t h J d i ti Ch is
er o ar , e e e en e en o e u a s c r
h d m stly b t k ov f m O i t l myths
”
t l gy
o o a o een a en er ro r en a .
I v i us l ds
n ar o d f iths t h y i g d ms f s lv ti
an an a e ea rn n rea o a a on
h d c
a t d i w v i g utli t h im gi tiv figu f
rea e ,
n a er n o n e, e a na e re o
S vi u di ff t f tu s f th sk tch
“ ”
a ; d th
a o r an e e re n ea re o e e
c m t d p sit th ms lv s lik c yst ls i

a e o e o
p t e e e , e r a n a su e rsa u
t d s l u ti
ra e th h d f t h M ssi h h p d f by
o on , On e ea o e e a o e or
J ws St P ul wh f ll h i t this c ti of p c lyptic
e . . a ,
o e e r o rea on a o a
f cy m ly dd d t h m f J sus d t c his
an , ere a e e na e o e , an a on e
Ch ist l gy w c mpl t I st tly h f lt th t J sus

r o o as o e e . n an e e a e
must h v b d h v da e ll thi gs p t y d i t h
ee n a n a e on e a n or r a e n e
M ssi ic d g m tic
e an Th Ch ist f t h P uli
o E pis tl s
a . e r o e a ne e ,
th f h e re ore, l ti t ll t t h hist ic J sus W

a s n o re a on a a o e or e . e
n ee d sc c ly h si t t t g d St P l i d d
ar e e th a e o re a r . au ,
n ee , as e
r ea lfu d f o n ligi er o ou r r e on .
It is bvi usly i t l l ctu listic th y much so

O o an n e e a eor ,
as
as th t f H lst a W ivi g th f ct c c d d f kly

O o en . a n e a ,
on e e ra n
by Gu k l th t f this p Ch isti p c lyptic Ch ist

n e ,
2
a o re - r an a o a
“
r
w e a rei c mpl t ig nc t h ti hyp th sis sts

o e e n ora n e, e en re o e re
on th a p i i ssumptio th t th
e r or hv b a n a ere ca n a e een
no thi g g ui ly w d c tiv i t h p stl s vi w f

n en ne ne an r ea e n e a o e
’
e o
Ch ist His id s th subj ct must l l h v c m t

r . ea on e e a a e o e o
him f m utsid s u c sro f o tt ibuti g th vit l ce o r e : as or a r n e a or e
an d h t f his C h ist l gy t
ear v st voluti isi g
o r o o o a a ,
re on n
e xp i c it is t b d m d f N d ubt th
er en e, no e rea e o . O o e
D m scus visi c u ts f s m thi g but wh t h pp d

a a on o n or o e n a a en e
t ohim th pp tly w t th t h
en , k w hims lf
a are n ,
as no a e ne e
re d m d but th t h f m d
ee e , s d pi i H a e or e a r ea on e o n on . e
m ly l er e d t giv t h m J sus t t h Divi

ea r n e o e e na e
“
e o e ne
h v ly b i g i wh m h b li v d l dy Th is
ea en e n n o e e e e a rea . er e
no thi g t b s id b ut this xc pt th t it is p p st ous

n o e a a o e e a re o er .
If ythi g is su b u t S t P ul it is th t h i th l gy
an n re a o . a , a s eo o
1
S t P a u l , 3 13
. .
2
Zu m r el i gi o nsgesch . Ver s td n d/a i s d N T, 9 4 . .
52 TH E P E RS ON OF J ES US C H RI S T
is ,
as W e rn l e th l gy f c v t d m puts it ,
“
th e eo o o a on er e an .
E v y id er is Ch i ti id ea A t D m scus t h a r s an ea . a a e re oc
cu d r re l v t which ch g d his lif f m th c t

a r ea e en an e e ro e e n re
t t h ci cu m f
o e c d c f ll c us d him t f g t
r e re n e , a n on e or a a e o or e
th thi gs th t w
e b hi d It is v i t i t p t his
n a e re e n . a n o n er re
Ch is t l gy th f by t h hyp th tic l c t ts of his

r o o ,
e re ore , e o e a on en
mi d i n li y s v i t xpl i Sh k sp s
'
n ea r er ea r as a n as o e a n a e ea re
’
hist ic l pl ys by t h m t i ls h m y h v f u d i
or a a e a er a e a a e o n n
N th s P l t H li h d supp s
’ ’
or h Ch i l
u a rc T or o ns e s r on c es . o o e
t h t t h P h is
a b c m t h Ch is t i p stl m ly i
e ar ee e a e e r an a o e e re n
c s qu c f
on e i t ll ctu l djust m t
en e th t h
o an n e e a rea en ,
or a e
c uld h v i duc d t h p im itiv s ci ty t t l t l t

o a e n e e r e o e o o e ra e , e
l
a on e d pt vi w f Ch ist thus g
a o t d pp s t
, a. e o r e n era e , a ea r o
m th y t f l l i t lligibl l t i to hu m lif
e a e or ou o a n e e re a on an e .
This i t t d y th t c t i i h it d c c p t i s m y
s no o en a er a n n er e on e on a
h v i flu
a e c d t h p iph y f t h P uli d ct i
n en e e er er o e a ne o r n e, or
d t m i d th w di g f s m f w ph s s f d sc ipti
e er ne e or n o o e e ra e o e r on .
But it is l st l b u t st t f m th s thi gs St P ul s
o a o r o ar ro e e n . . a
’
Ch ist l gy is b s d t h xp i c f t h gl ifi d L d
r o o a e on e e e r en e o e or e or
v uchs f d t him i t h h u f his c v si illust t d

o a e o n e o r o on er on , ra e
an d c fi m d by t h on S pi it sust i d lif
r f f ll wship
e e r - a ne e o e o
wit h Ch is t which wa th b g r Wh h sp ks f s en e un . en e ea o
Ch ist h is t c m bi i g id s but t sc ibi g i

r , e no o n n ea ,
ra n r n n
w dl y
ar p t d f ct F him t h b sis f t u ligi
re or e a . or e a o r e re on
w t m d by m
as n o but giv by G d d t h k wl dg
a e an , en o an e no e e
o f J sus t h Ch ist th ugh which h h d p c with G d

e e r ,
ro e a ea e o
an dw bcm w c
as tu h w d t t sf mi g
e o e a ne rea re , e o e o a ra n or n
spi itu l xp i c
r a e er e n e .
1
Th e livi g n a nddy mic c t th f t h Ch ist l gy

na en r e , en , o e r o o
of St . P ul i a s hi xp i c f th gl ifi d L d by
s e er en e o e or e or ,
wh om h e ha d b e en pp h d d I this sp ct h is
“
a re en e . n re e e
1
Th e d ri t f of op i n i onf mW d d a wa w f S
y ro re e an B ruck n er
’
s vie o t
f h
.
i n d i f e rence t o t h e
’
P a ul s i s t or i c J es us h as b e e n il l us t ra t ed i n
g a s t a rt l i n
m a n n er b y t h e s ugges t i o n of J . W ei ss , b a sed on 2 Co 5 16 , t h a t t h e p os t l e
a
ca m e in c o n t ac t wi t h J es us at J e ru s a l e m p r i or t o t h e cr uci fi x i on ( Pa u l u s
u nd J esu s , M uch m ore a t t ra c t i v e i s M o ff a t t s
’
e x p l a n a t i on of the
p a s s a ge, a ccord i n g t o wh i c h “
th e k n o wl ed ge o f Ch r i st af ter th e fl esh i s
p rob a b l y t h e Mes s i a n i c b el i e f o f P h a ri s a i c t eol o
gy s uc h
a s P a ul h a d h
CH RI S T O L O G Y Dl E
'
To CON V E RS I ON 53
in g m t wi t h t h p i mi t i v s ci ty B th h d
a r ee en e r e o e . o e an
th y l k d upw d t b kw d Th st pl f h i
e oo e ar ,
no ac ar . e a e o s
t h ugh t c m s
o t f m i h i t d id
o e s t t h M ssi h
no ro n er e ea as o e e a ,
b t f m
u w d ful i w d
ro a f p ss ssi
on by t h
er n ar se n se o o e on e
s v ig g c f C ist A w h ll
o e re n ra e o i t is imp ssibl hr . s e S a s ee , o e
to fus t i t i m t ly his d c t i f Ch ist d f t h

e oo n a e o r ne o r an o e
S pi i t r Y t . th th e h d thi x l t d O is
,
on e o er an ,
s e a e ne
id t ic l with J sus wh di d f i Th p stl c t

en a e o e or s n . e a o e an n o
th i k f Ch ist d t thi k ls of t h c ss H b ;
n o r an no n a o e ro e or e
I d t mi d h w it s t t h C i thi s t k w
e er ne ,
e r e o e or n an ,
o no
t hi g m g y but J sus Ch ist d Him c ucifi d ”

no n a on ou e r ,
an r e
( 1 C o W must c clud th t his m ie d st t d f m on e a n ar e ro
t h Rise O wh en c u t d him i gl y t D m scus

ne o en o n ere n or a a a ,
m v d t h c t t h c ss which t h L d h d du d
o e en e o e ro , e or a en re ,
an d c m fi lly t a st
e th nap s f th C i fi d o re on e er on o e r uc e .
His p s t xp i c f Ch ist is d cisiv

re en e t
er e n wh t e o r e e as o a
h must thi k
e f th d th u d g by th M ssi h ;
n O e ea n er on e e e a
on th th h d t h f ct th t suc h
e o er c cili g d th
an , e a a a r e on n ea
w asp ssibl is i d x of t h i h t dig ity f Him

o e an n e e n e re n n o
wh su ff d Th full t uth cc di gly is t t b

o e re . e r ,
a or n ,
no o e
e xp ss d i t h by s yi g th t St P ul s i w f Ch ist s
re e e er a n a . a
’
v e o r
’
p s is d iv d f m his d ct i f t m t
e r on er e ro o r ne o a on e en ,
or , con
v s ly th t his Ch ist l gy fix d his d c t i

er e ,
a f th r o o e o r ne o e
t
a on e m t I li t y p
en . d w k d fi n ch th
r ea . erson a n or e n e ea o er .
Th x lt d L d k w f m t h fi s t such w uld t b
e e a e or ,
no n ro e r as ,
o no e
L d u l ss H h d di d f
or n e ff c s e (R a e
“
or our o en e
”
0
on th th h d wh t Ch ist i h tly is t G d cc u t s
e o er an ,
a r n e re n o o a o n ,
in th p s t l s vi w f t h sup m ligi us v lu f
e a o e
’
e ,
or e re e re o a e o
His cc p t c f t h C ss
a e an e o e ro .
St P ul lik . ll t h a w it s f t h N w T st m t
,
e a e r er o e e e a en ,
is c vi c d th t t h x l t d J sus is t h Ch ist
on n e a e e a e e
“
e r
”
or
M ssi he Ch ist f h i m s t ill k ps fl v u f i t

a r or ee a a o r O s
sh a re d i n h i s p re-Ch r i s t i a n d a y s ( P a u l a n d P a u l i n i sm , I f t h i s be
s o, f
w e m ay b e s a i d t o h a v e rom t h e a p os t l e s own l i p s a p rot es t i n a d v a n ce
’
a ga i n s t the m od e rn ra d i ca l d eri v a t i on of h is C h ri s t ol o
gy H e i s t e ll i n g us ,
h f
.
“
i n Ga l rom th e b et t e r k n o wl ed g e O f Ch r i s t s
’
as t at v er
y ou t se t , a
n a t ure h ad s h on e u p on him
”
Th e wh ol e q u e s t i on of t h e ge n es i s of his
h
.
C ri s t o og i ca
l l i d ea s i s v e ry a b l
y d i s cu s s ed b y Ol sch e u s k i , D i e Wu rze l n d er
pa u l . Ch r i s tol ogi e, 1 9 0 9 , h f
wh om I av e oll owe d i n som e p oi n t s .
54 TH E P E RSON O F J E S US CHRI ST
o ffici l s s b u t ls h t sc ds b i i ti th c u t
a en e — a o e ra n en a n o e rren
M ssi ic id
e anp c ivi g t h c di l sig ific c f
ea , er e n e ar na n an e o
J s u s t f J w m ly but f m ki d H wh
e ,
no or e s er e ,
or an n . e no ere
e mpl ys th titl S f M
o Th Ki gdom f G d
e e
“
on o an .
”
e n o o
b vi t u lly m g s i
e r th p s f Ch ist Th ph s
a er e n e e r on o r . e ra e
Ki gdom f G d its lf which s ldom occu s w

n o o
”
e ,
e r ,
as so
compl t ly J wish i o igi

e e d ssoci ti s th t h
e n r n an a a on a e
must h v f u d it u h lpful i his missi y w k

a e o n n e n on a r or .
At t h s m tim its sch t l gic l f c is still

e a e e, e a o o a re e ren e
t i d i wh t th p stl m s by s lv ti
re a n e n a d e a o e ea n
“
a a on an
“
t l lif ; f h
e e rn a v c s d to l k y i gly
e
”
or e ne er ea e oo ea rn n
t w ds c summ t io i which d th i sick ss

o ar a on a n n ea ,
s n, ne ,
d m s d v y g dl ss p i cip lity d p w h u ld b
e on , an e er o e r n a an o er S o e
v c m d ihil t d J sus th Ch ist w l dy

o er o e an a nn a e . e e r as a r ea
cloth d with iv s l p w
e d w uld l g pp
un er a o er, a n o ere on a ea r
c m t b i g l l thi gs t c mpl ti
on e or e o Th s r n a n o o e on . o e
wh h d cc pt d Him
o a M ssi ic Ki g w uld t His
a e e as e an n o a
a pp c b m d p f ct m mb s f t h M ssi ic
ea ra n e e a e er e e er o e e an
Ki gdom d th u s b i t h full s s of t h wo d
n ,
an e, n e en e e r ,
svd
a e .
I t ci g w h i co c pti
n ra f Ch ist w
n sh ll no s n e on o r e a
en d v u t f llow f
ea o p ssibl t h m v m t of his
r o o as ar as o e e o e en
o w mi d b gi
n i g with th th u ght f th x lt d L d
n , e nn n e o o e e a e or ,
an d p ssi g b ck th a ft t t h hist ic l d wh t
n a erea er o e or a ,
an a
m y b c ll d t h t l t c d ts of Ch ist s p s t ’
a e a e e e ern a ,
an e e en r re en
gl yor .
It w d to his m zi g xp i c f co v si
as ue a a n e er en e o n er on
th t St P ul s f ith c m t b fix d st dily d f m
a . a
’
a a e o e e ea ,
an ro
t h v y u ts t
e er th is d gl ifi d R d m
o e ,
Hon e r en an or e e ee er . e
h bitu lly c c iv s f Ch ist cl th d i th Oif

a a on e e o r as o e n e r a or
Divi di c i which h fi st b h ld Him t D m scus

n e ra an e n e r e e a a a .
Th t m m t w f h i m pi ci g glimps of
a o en w as or a er n e a ne .
w ld h i sight f t h gl y f G d i th f c f J sus
or s o e or o o n e a e o e
Ch ist hr c mp with thi g but th t fi st c tiv

e can o a re no n a r rea e
h u wh God s id L t th b light ! ( 2 C “ ”
o r en a : e er e e o
H is th b sis f his f ith F om d y to d y h is

ere e a o a . r a a e
p ccupi d with t h is L d t h S w h m it h d
reo e e r en or , e on o a
pl s d G d to v l i him ( G l
ea e o Th ttitud isre ea n a e a e
No p t f th p stl s t chi g h
ar o m e vit l a o e
’
ea n as a ore a
b i g his th ught f t h E x l t d O th his m ys t ic

e ar n on o o e a e ne an
c c pti f th b li v s u i wi t h Ch ist R u d
on e on o e e e er
’
n on r .
1
o n
this id his ligi us f li g c yst llis d Th ph s

ea re o ee n r a e . e ra e
i Ch ist
n r i th L d ccu s
or ly 24 0 tim s
n e or
”
o r n ea r e
in th E pis t l s w h v
e cc pt d g ui
e ed it i a e a e e as en n e, an s
us d with f c t v y sid f xp i c
e r e ere n e I m o e er e o e er e n e .
“
a
p s d d i C h ist h w it s ( R
er ua e n r if t h b , e r e 0
“
ere e
an y c s l ti s
on o a i Ch is t ( P h on t h d nd i Ch ist r
” “
e ea n r
”
( 1 Th It is t h ugh C h ist w t h i as o r er e e a r or
l m t i which th Ch isti m v d d h d his b i g

e e en n e r an o e an a e n ,
t hi ki g wi t h His m i d
n n d willi g with His will Th n an n . e
b li v h bs lut ly b c m t h g
e e er as a o i s um t e e o e e or an or n tr en
o f th L d e d is d w
or spi it s ul d b dy i t His
, an ra n, r , o , an o ,
n o
d mi ti g d c ti g lif I t is l t i f spi it t
o na n an r e rea n e . a re a on o r o
spi it y t t l ti i dividu lis t ic lly lis d ; f

r , e
“
no a re a on n a a re a e or
an d this p i t is p ticul ly cc t u t d i
o n E ph si s
ar ar a en a e n e an
t h Chu ch is t h b dy f C h ist i
e r which ld divisi s f
e o o r ,
n O on o
J w e d G til
an d en w y This fi l tu f th ugh t
e a re on e a a . na rn o o ,
h w v h h p p d f by t h
o e er, e as li c c p ti
re a re or e e ar er on e on
o f Ch ist r th H d f t h b dy f which i dividu l

as e ea o e o , o n a
Ch isti s
r anth m mb s ; a re w wh em y h e er e, o a re an ,
”
e
w i t s t th Chu ch i R m
r e o e b dy i Ch ist
r n o e, a re on e o n r .
”
Th b d u iti g Ch ist d Ch is t i s is such

e on n n r an r an
th t t h s m p dic ti s
a e a b m d
e f b th
re I His a on ca n e a e o o . n
d th w ls di
ea e ly t is i His su c t i t
a o e, on o r e n re r re on o
ne w ss f lif
ne His p w is m d p f ct i
o e . o er a e er e n ou r
w k ss ; d it is c t dicti f this but its t u

ea ne an no on ra on O ,
r e
e xp ssi th t t h p stl b s b ut i his b dy t h

re on , a e a o e ea r a o n o e
dyi g of t h L d J sus ( 2 C
n e f or ly i p p ti e o or on n ro or on
as t h p iv t f c s f t h b li v
e r a e dcy or his tu l
e o e e e er e a ca n na ra
c p citi s b bs b d d utilis d by t h high p w

a a e e a or e an e e er o er
o f Ch ist Th f ct th t St P l c
r . e c iv d t his u i
a a . au on e e n on
or c m mu i o m di t d by t h Spi it m y p ssibly
n on as e a e e r a o
e xpl i h w h f ls t lib ty t ch g f m th ph s
a n o e ee a er o an e ro e ra e
“
i Ch ist d p k f Ch ist dw lli g i us ; f t h
n r
”
an S ea o r e n n or e
1
h Itb as d d w h fi
ee n ex ou n
p m y b J W i Ne f it a ne s y p a th y . e ss , Di e ach olge
Ch r i sti , 8 3—98 .
U N I ON W I TH CH R I ST 57
i t p t ti b tw t h Spi it lif of b li v s d
n er en e ra on e een e r - e e e er an
th S pi it f Ch is t is p f c t ly
e r o cip c l Pl i l y t his
r er e re ro a . a n
f ith mys ticis m l ts i

a - fl d f light th P uli
e n a oo o on e a ne
C h ist l gy A si gl v s lik 2 C 5 If y m
r o o . n e er e e o
7
,
“
an an
b i Ch ist h is
e n w c
r ti v ls i
, e fl sh t h
a ne rea on , re ea n a a e
l st g u d f his ligi us c victi b ut th L d

a ro n o re o on on a o e or .
H with wh m m
e b t hus i o l ti f mutu l en c an e n a re a on o a
vit l p ss ssi h bvi usly

a o e t u which i m th
on as o o a na re s or e an
hum ; th t t c f His lif i t us m t d pp

an a en ra n e o e n o , e an a ro
p i t d by
r a e bs pti i H i m wh by w
ou r a bl or on n — ere e a re a e
t d
o ud u s l s f
en u ight us p st d liv
e o r e ve w o an nr eo a an e an e
t h li
o o ss i v lv s
ne His sid s m thi g f t h i
— n o e on e o e n o e un
li ty
v e rsa d t sc d c f G d Hims lf It h b
an ran en en e o o e . as een
ar gu d th t t his sy th sis f p s lity d spi itu l i m

e a n e o er on a an r a
m i th Ch ist f S t P ul i i
a n en ce n li ty thi k bl
e r o . a s n re a un n a e,
i s much
na th tw sid s f t h c m bi d id
as e o e o e o ne ea a re
i c cil bly pp s d d t t k t h c mbi ti s i usly

rre on a O o e ,
an o a e e o na on er o
ca n o n ly l d t t h d p s lisi g f Ch ist i
ea o qu si e e e r on a n o r n a a
p th ism But w m y s bly u g th t this is t

an e . e a r ea on a r e a o
b g t h qu sti
e f His divi i t y i
e e g t iv s s Th
on o n ,
n a ne a e en e . e
figu f t h h d d th m mb s ( C l 1 ) s ms
re o e ea an e e er o
18
ee
p culi ly fi t t d t p s t t h l t i f Ch ist t
e ar e o re re en e re a on o r o
His p pl i b t h ligh t s
eo e ch c t is d qu lly by
n o — as a ra er e e a
tra nsc d c d by m ystic vit l u i

en en e an a n on .
1
Th is thi g m lumi us c tiv ly igi l

er e no n or e no or re a e or na
i St P ul s th ught th his livi g c l t i f Ch ist

’
n . a o an n orr e a on o r
an d t h Spi it eth y m if s t d i xp i c It
r as e a re an e e n e er e n e .
is t m ly th t t h ph m
no e re f t h S pi it fa e en o ena o e r a re or
him d cisiv p f f Ch ist s M ssi ic p siti ; still

a e e roo o r
’
e an o on
fu th t h p s c f t h Spi i t
r er, e f ct f p w i
re en e O e r as a a o o er n
th b li vi g lif is s lf c m m u ic ti f t h L d
e e e n e a e -
o n a on o e or
J s s wh
e u ,
S pi it d m i t s t h
o was d f bi g r o na e e ne or er o e n
i t which Ch is t i m h
n o b t sl t d Spi itr an en a ve ee n ra n a e . r
m s sup tu l p w y t t f St P ul p w
ea n ern a ra o er , e no or . a o er
re v l d m s t t ypic lly i cst tic p tu but t h thic l

ea e o a n e a ra re , e e a
f c f m which sp i g s u ch m l Ch isti g c s
or e ro r n n or a r an ra e as
l v joy p c l g su ff i g d ki d ss ( G l
o e, ,
ea e, on - er n , an n ne a
1
Cf Ol sch ewsk i , op
. . ci t . 15 3 — 5 4 .
58 THE P E RS ON OF J ES US CH RI S T
which h s s t b m w d ful by f th sp ki g
e ee o e ore on er ar an ea n
with t gu s I D M ff t t w ds his fi st p i
on e .
l
n r . o a
’
s or ,
r ex er
en c f t h L d w visi
e o e f J susor th is das a on o e as e r en an
e x lt d Ch ist Th
a e li t y f Ch is t s tu w Spi it
r . e r ea o r
’
na re as r ,
on his vi w ; J sus w i st ll d c stitut d S f

e e as n a e or on e on o
G d with fu l l p w s by t h
o su c t i which v l d
o er e re rre on , re ea e
an d lis d his t u tu
r ea e lif givi g Spi it His lifr e na re a s e- n r . e
i
n th fl sh h d li mit d him It w
e e a ph s f b i g e . as a a e o e n
which c uld t d justic t him But wh th t

o no o e o . en a
t m p y imp v ishm t f tu w
e ora r v th
o er en o na re as o er, e
h v ly lity sh
ea en reat i its ful ss Th Spi i t on e ou n ne . e r
ra di t d m it w p u d i t th i h ts t h
a e on en , as o re n o e r ea r ,
as e
S pi i t f
r wh h d di d
o on e d is f th s ko f ma e an r en or e a e o en .
W m ust xti guish h w v

e e th misc c pti th t
n ,
o e er , e on e on a
P ula g d d t h Spi it cti g t h li

re ar e fe tu l r as a n on e n es O a na ra
f c i th v luti f t h ligi us lif T him it

or e n e e o on o e re o e . o
m t th g ci us p w f G d which v k d f ith
ea n e ra o o er o o e o e a
in J sus e th c u cifi d d is Ch ist d th

as e r e an r en r ,
an en
m di t d t t h
e a e c ptiv b di t lif ll th t th L d
o e re e e, o e en e a a e or
d did f his w p pl Lif i th Spi it ” 2 “

w as a n or o n eo e . e n e r ,
his ch ct istic t m f p s l ligi

a ra er h v its
er or er on a re on , ca n a e
suco r e ly i th x lt d spi i t u l Ch ist

on n th t
e e a e or r a r , so a ,
wh h d sc ib s m
en e b i g i Ch ist
e r e i th en as e n
“
n r
”
or
“
n e
S pi it h is thi ki g
r , et f tw iv l p ll l liti s
n n no o o r a or a ra e rea e ,
but f o v luti y xp i c s f m t w p i ts f
on e r e o on a r e er en e een ro o o n o
Vi w ; f lif fl ws t m f m Ch ist d th Spi it i

e or e o o en ro r an e r n
di ff tly Th g u d f this p ch m ki g c mbi ti

e ren . e ro n o e o - a n o na on
is cl ly t b s ught i his c v si
ea r o e H h d m t th
o n on er on . e a e e
E x lt d O
a ef c t f c ; d t h t spi itu l v t i
ne a e o a e an a r a e en ,
n
which th Spi it w e gisi g h d h d t h L d J sus

r as en er n ,
a a e or e
f or c c t d s u bst ti l c t t This c f ll
on re e an an a on en . on e or a
fix d his c c pti f t h Spi it l di g it p cisi f

e on e on o e r , en n re on o
o u tli ne,d p t cti g itan g i st th w d i g d ro e n a a n e an er n an
u thic l f ci s f p g ism Th Spi it f G d l g

ne a an e o a an . e r o o ,
on
p mis d f th l tt d ys w
ro e or w k w et b th
a er a , as no no n o e e
H p
1
is h d ff
erc e p t i on o f
f l m k f w d pi h t is i eren ce o v a ue ar s a or ar st e n t e
h i st ory o f r el i gi on .
2
Paul and P a u l i n i sm, 3 7 — 3 8 .
CH RI S T AN D TH E S P I RI T 59
v y Spi it f J sus It is s li e t x mpl f h w G d

er r o e . a a n e a e o o o
re v ls w t uth th ugh t h m dium of lif N t o ly

ea ne r ro e e e . o n
so ; but w thus c f ll s cu d g i st th
e a re on e or a e re a a n e
t mpt ti t xpl i t h P uli Ch ist l gy ith

e a on o e a n e a ne r o o e er as
t h p duct f m
e ro th l gic l fl cti o m s ic e re eo o a re e on or as a o a
o f f gm ts b ra w d f m t h t diti s f J wish
en orr o e ro e ra on o e
a p lyptic I p i t f f ct it is th ffsp i g f
oca . n o n o a , e o r n o
c tiv
rea ligi u s i tuiti
e w ki g up t h f lt
re o n on , or n on e e
rea li ti s f xp i c
e This i
o fusi with th
e er en e .
“
nn er on e
co c pti of th Spi it
n e on Ol h w k i puts it e r , as sc e s ,
con
s ti t t th
u es sp cific d disti ctiv ss c f P ul s
e e an n e e en e o a
’
Ch ist l gy d j u st
r o o this cc u t w must h ld
,
an on a o n e o
th t itsa ts l i i th fu d m t l xp i c f
roo e n e n a en a e er e n e o
D m scusa a .
” 1
At t h s m tim th l ti of Ch ist d th
e a e e, e re a on r an e
S pi it is r t th t f id tity but f vit l u ity

no Th a o en , o a n . e
opp sit vi w h b t k st gly H c uld t

o e e as een a en ron .
“
e o no
disti guish th S f m th H ly Gh st W i l s ys ;
n e on ro e o o , e ne a
2
a st t m t t h f c f which is tu lly l ss d by
a e en e or e o na ra e en e
its t ct ti r e ra th xt p g Th w di g f 2 C 3
a on on e ne a e . e or n o o
17
m y s m t d cid t h qu sti
a ee ; th L d
o th p s tl
e e e e on e or , e a o e
a v s pl i ly is th Spi it Y t t h f ll wi g cl us
er a n ,
“
e r .
”
e e o o n a e
f i tly ffi ms th disti cti i t h w ds Wh th

a n r ea r e n on n e or ,
“
er e e
Spi it f t h L d is th
r o is lib ty N
e im gi
or , er e er . 0 on e ca n a ne
th t Ch ist d t h Spi it f Ch ist m th s m

“ “ ”
a r an e r o r ea n e a e
thi g p cis ly N t t p k f th f ct th t St P ul
n re e . o o S ea o e a a . a
d s t g d J sus t h i c t Spi it f G d but

oe no r e ar e as e n a rn a e r o o ,
a ffili t s his id s this subj ct t th li s f ci t

a e ea on e o o er ne o an en
th ught v i us mi d t
o , ig ific t Th p s
ar o n or a a a re S n an . e er on
wh di d up o e th c ss d s g i d will c m
on e ro , an ro e a a n, an o e
t l st t judgm t is wh m d Spi it Ch ist “ ”

a a o en ,
no ere na e r . r ,
m v gi t h Sp i it i its ful ss A d i t h
or eo er, ves e r n ne . n n e
t ipl bl ssi g f 2 C 1 3 t h Spi it is

r e e n di t d O o
14
, e r cc -or na e
with Ch ist d G d r s p t ly disc ibl l m t

an o as a e a ra e er n e e e en
i th
n d mi g g cy It is imp t t t c ll ct
e on e re ee n a en . or a n o re o e
th t th th l gic l id s f Ch isti ity c m fi s t d

a e eo o a ea o r an a e r , an
1
0 p ci t 16 1
. . .
1 S t P a ul , 3 26
. cf . Sch mi ed el , H a nd -K omment a r , II . 192 .
60 TH E P E RSON OF J ES US C H R I ST
th t ly ft w ds w th y fitt d with m
a on a er ar l ss e re e e ore or e
ex ct v b l dis t i cti s th t us g migh t f

a er a n on , so a a e or a c on
sid bl e rat im sh w c t i fluidity f pl y f

e e o a er a n or r ee a o
exp ssi re By t h f m f id t ific ti St P ul i dic t s

on . e or o en a on . a n a e
just t h f mili xp i ti l f ct th t Ch ist by wh m

e a ar e e r en a a a r ,
o
G d s v s m
o a d th e H ly Spi it i wh m H c v ys
en , a n e o r , n o e on e
t th m Divi
o e li f i diss ci bly
ne i sig ific c
e , a re so n o a on e n n an e
an d p ti o d m di
e ra th t f m t h p i t f vi w f
on an e a a ro e o n o e o
p ctic l f i t h th y
ra a s a t u qui l ts f ch e a re een as r e e v a en o ea
o th Y t wi t hi
er . th u ity th is disti cti
e n A it e n e re n on . s
h as b put Ch ist i y e en th
,
“
Spi i t f Ch ist ir n ou , or e r o r n
y ou ; th s t di ff
e e ar e t li t i s ; but
no t h is t h eren r ea e e on e e
m th d f t h th
e o o e o er .
”
1
W h v l dy c u t d t h p i cipl th t
e a e a rea en o n ere e r n e a on
St P ul s vi w t h L dship f Ch ist fi st c m t full

’
. a e e or o r r a e o
r ea lity t His x l t ti t t h igh t h d f G d Th

a e a a on o e r an o o . e re
is s s i w h ich His gl y is sup i v t His

a en e n or e r or e en o
p xist
r e -e t lif H isen w p ss ss d
e f. t h N m b v e no o e e o e a e a o e
e v y m I t is p s t d s m h w
er na e
. w d f re re e n e as o e o a re ar o
His v lu t y s c ific H humbl d Him s lf

o n ar a r wh e
“
e e e e re
f G d ls highly x lt d H i m ( Ph
ore o a o Th cl ssic e a e
”
e a
p ss g f this id f t h P uli t chi g is R 1

a a e or S e O e a ne ea n 0
4
,
which d cl s th t H w c stit u t d d cl d S
e a re a e as on e or e are on
o f G d with p w o i vi t u f t h Spi it f h li ss by
o e r, n r e o e r o o ne ,
r isi g f m t h d d Th Divi
n ro e gy which ff ct d
ea . e ne e ner e e e
th su cti
e re t Ch ist f
rre f m t h c fi i g li m i t s
on se r ree ro e on n n
of lif i t h fl sh d g v t m ll d d c m pl t
e n e e ,
an a e u n ra rn e e an o e e
e xp ssi t Hi p p S ship With t his w m y

re on o s ro er on . e a
c m p R 14
o are v s which p i ts t t h u t h i t y
0
9
,
a er e o n o e a or
o f Ch is t w c v i g ll m
r as no i this lif d t h o er n a en , n e an e
ne x t Si m il ly it is lw ys t h i L d wh b st ws
. ar , a a e r sen or o e o
t h Spi i t
e I th s s t t m
r . ts it pp s t b i m pli d
n e e a e en a ea r o e e ,
fi st t h t Ch ist h sc d d t b L d f ll t hi gs
r , a r as a en e o e or o a n ,
t ki g this pl c subs qu tly t d

a n a e sult f t h e en o an as a re o e
re su c t i ; d i t h s c d pl c t h t igi lly His

rre on an n e e on a e, a or na
p s l tu w such
e r ona na t qu lify Him f this
re as as o a or
t sc d t pl c P s tly H will c m t judg

ra n en en a e . re e n e o e o e
1
Mob erl y ,
A ton em en t a nd Person a l i ty , 1 9 4 .
TH E L AS T A D AM 61
the w ld i G d s m But i st ict ss sh p li

or n o
’
na e . n r ne no ar ne
o f dis t i cti is d w b tw G d d Ch ist

n on g ds ra n e een o an r as re a r
t his judici l t fu ctia Th t wac m s ccu j i t ly

or n on . e o na e o r o n ,
or a s a l t tiv s G d Ch ist G d th ugh Ch is t

ern a e .
1
o ,
or r ,
or o ro r ,
will ju dg m ed w k t h l st g t ch g b li v s
en a n or e a rea an e on e e er .
B t w must
u e t pl y ff t h fu t u no g i st th p s t a o e re a a n e re en ,
as if v f St P ul t h b li v
e en or v is but lw ys. a e e e er ne er ,
a a
t b
o bl st H h s t t h full t h d t p i m i t iv
e, e . e S a re o e e ar en r e
h p f J sus t u
o e o e i ugu ti g t h fi l
’
re mm rn , a s na ra n e na con s u a
ti on ; th
n on e l ss his vi w s l t i is l dy l
e e on e a va on a rea rea
th ugh th p s t ctivity f t h L d wh b c m
ro e re e n a o e or o e a e
i c t di d d s g i Th c ucifixi h d b
n a rn a e , e ,
an ro e a a n . e r on a ee n
th e r ui f t h h s t il c s m ic p w s ; h vi g dis m d d
n o e o e o o er a n ar e an
e xp s d th m Ch ist t iumph d v th m i th c ss
o e e ,
r r e o er e n e ro
(C l o Th Ki gd m f G d which is igh t
e s ss n o o o ,
r e ou n e ,
an d p c d j y i t h H ly Spi i t ( R
ea e, a n is c t u l
o n e o r 0 a a
e v en n o w Ch is t di d c b t t h d m p t i l vi tu f
. r e on e, u e re e or a r e o
His d t h is i Him f v
ea n or e er .
Th l ti f t h x lt d Ch ist t m
e re a on Lif o e e a e r o en as e
giv l ds t h p stl i
er ea pl c t d sig t H i m by
e a o e, n on e a e, o e na e
th e ti tl f t h l s t Ad m ( 1 C
e o
“
Ad m w
e a a o a as
h d p s t tiv
ea , re d typ
r e en a f th c d iv d f m e, an e o e ra e er e ro
him ; th ugh t sg ssi this c b c m c l d

ro ra n re on ra e e a e a rn a an
subj ct t d th
e o i lik m ea Ch ist is is H d
: so n e a n n e r, r as r en ea
o f a w ned md c md re with G d by His d t h

ee e ra e a e on e o ea
an d is d b v t h p w f t h fl sh by c t c t with
ra e a o e e o er o e e on a
th e Spi i t Ad m w
r . thly J sus h v ly ; Ad m a as ea r ,
e ea en a a
t sg ss J sus b di t ; Ad m l y livi g s ul
ra n re or, e o e en a on a n o ,
J sus quick i g spi it B i g b v t u wh h d

e a en n r ,
“
a e n a o e na re, o a
li f d w c p bl f givi g i t
e an as Th aw spi i t u l
a e o n .
”
2
e ne r a
p i cipl th t c m with H i m is m d i c p t wi t h
r n e a a e a e n or ora e
a l l wh t ust Him thus vivifyi g th i wh l b i g i

o r its
, n e r o e e n n
re al ti t G d s lf
on od l l thi gs ls
o Th, Spi i t fe , an a n e e
. e r o
h li ss b i g t h i m s t li t y f Ch ist H b c m s
o ne e n e n o r ea o r ,
e e o e
th g ic h d f
e or a n w spi itu l c
ea ti ; d g c O a ne r a r ea on an as ra e
an d lif m p t t th i
e a re d d t h His
ore ig o en an s n an ea , re n
1
Cf Sa n d a y a n d H ea dl a m , Roma n s 3 8 9
.
,
.
1
Fa i rb a i rn , Ch r i st i n M od em Th eol ogy , 3 1 1 .
will f xc d i c par e ee n s o e and t iumph

r t he d m oo en a t il d e
by ci t t sg ssi
an en ra n re on .
1
d ply bs b d is St P ul i th is L d th t it
So ee a or e . a n e r en or a
h as t i f q u tly b
no h ld th t h w
n re i diff t t
en een e a e as n eren o
t h h ist ic J sus his g sp l ly b gi i g wh J sus ’

e or e ,
o e on e nn n en e
career th h d d d This h w v is g v ly
on ea r a en e .
, o e er , ra e
m isl di g T his mi d t h
ea n disti cti of th d
. o n e n on ea r an
h v ea wid f m d th ught w l tiv ly sm ll

en , so e or o ern o ,
as re a e a .
Whil h h d e p s l k wl dg f J su s lik th t
e a no er on a no e e o e e a
j y d by t h Tw lv it m y b t k
en o e ssu d f ct
e e e, a e a en a s a n a re a
th t h w cqu i t d with th v g lic l t diti

a e as a da n e e e an e a ra on , a n
i d d k w bout J sus wh t th o di y Ch isti k w

n ee ne a e a e r nar r an ne .
I nA bi ft his c v si h
ra a, d t h v liv d
a er on er on , e n ee no a e e
wh lly p t f m Ch isti s B sid s h h d sp t

o a ar ro r an . e e , e a en a
f t ight with St P t i J us l m d it will b

or n . e er n er a e , an e
a dmitt d th t m u ch m y b t ld i
e a f t ight if J su s a e o n a or n e
is th subj ct m tt
e d th l e p stl Th
- a er , an e ea rn er an a o e . ere
is thi g i c sist t with this i t h st iki g l gu g

no n n on en n e r n an a e
o f G l Th g sp l p
a ch d by m is t cc di g
“
e o e r ea e e no a or n
t m o ; f anith did I c iv it f m m
or n e w I er re e e ro a n , n or as
t ught it xc pt by v l ti f m J s s Ch ist ; wh ich

a , e e re e a on ro e u r
”
is b u t f cibl d cl ti th t t h M ssi hship of J sus

a or e e a ra on a e e a e
w c f ll discl s d t hi m by hum i t m di y
a s on e or a o e o no an n er e ar ,
but by visi f t h L d Hims lf J ii l i h r with

a on o e or e . c e , a
pl si g vig u h bs v d th t
ea n op stl f J sus
r, as O er e a
“
an a o e o e
C h ist wh h d
r d si t k w b ut t h M ssi h s
o a no e re o no a o e e a
’
ea rthly lif d f d gm tic s s p ss d by with sc

e, an or o a rea on a e or n ,
as m c l w k ss v ythi g v l d by G d s
ere a rn a ea ne ,
e er n re ea e o
’
S on i th f m f n s v t is t t h P ul f hist y
e or o a er an ,
no e a O or ,
but m st sity f m d l gic

a on A D sch
ro h ws o o ern o .
”
2
s re er S o ,
it is p ssibl t d w f i ly c mpl t k tch f J sus

o e o ra a a r o e e S e o e ,
an d sp ci lly f His ch
e e ct d disp siti
a f m th
o ara er an o on , ro e
From all t h i s we m ay ga th er w a t S t P a ul woul d a v e sai d rega rd

1
h h
f
.
i n g t h e mod ern a tt em p t t o p ut h i m al on gs i d e of J esus a s p art oun d er of

h
C r i s t i an i t y
“
Pa ul i s n ot t h e secon d a t er J es us,
”
Dei ssman n remark s f
h
.
“
fi n el y , b ut t h e firs t i n C ri s t .
1
J esus u nd P a ul us , 5 5 .
64 TH E P E RSON OF J ES U S CH RI ST
tu
r tu
e na It c fi d H i m wi t hi lim its ; it p v t d
re . on ne n re en e
th e full m if st t i f l l th t which H
an e lly w a on o a a e re a as .
F orHis igi l y i high w ld th t f t l b i g

or n a n a er or ,
a o e ern a e n ,
f m which by v lu t y t H c m m gst m
ro a o n ar ac e a e a on en ,
t ki g t h f m f s v t T th igi l di scipl s
’
a n e or o a er a n . o e or na e
th st u di g p d x h d b
e a o n th t th J sus wh s
n ara o a ee n , a e e o e
c mp i s th y h d b
o a n on d wh h d di d i
e sh m a een , a n o a e n a e,
w as w is d t t h ight h d f G d ; t St P ul
no ra e o e r an o o o . a
th p e dxw ara th th t th E x lt d O p v d by
o as ra er a e a e n e, ro e
re su cti t b t h S f G d d f h v ly tu
rre on o e e on o o an o ea en na re,
sh uld h v t k fl sh d di d t C lv y Th y w
o a e a en e an e a a ar . e sa
th su cti g i st th l wly mi ist y with its s till

e re rr e on a a n e o n r
m l wly d ; b vi w d t h
ore o thly lif i b ld li f
en e e e e e ar e n o re e
a g i st t h gl y f sc si
a n e d p xist c Th
or o a en on an re -e en e . e
m f ct th t Ch ist h uld h v cc pt d hum lif t

er e a a r S o a e a e e an e, o
su d it i d th f
rren er s k th ill s him with
n ea or our a e, r a
w d i g g titud
on er n ra e .
Th u iqu p s e l c stitutio f J sus du i g His

n e er on a on n o e ,
r n
ea r thly lif ti m c sist d f b dy f fl sh d bl d

e e, on e o a o o e an oo ,
an d i ,
ddi t i
n f th t which t h
a p stl d m i t s
on , o a e a o e en o na e
S pi it l m ts m ti d sid by sid
“
Th t w
r . e o e e en ar e en on e e e
in R 1 0; which D D y h
34 4
on bs v d t h t r . en n e as O er e a
“
th xp ssi
e e a fiu
re y w i yon ch ct is s Ka r n ve a
'
ou t o
-
rv s ara er e
Ch ist thic lly

r e d p d as physic lly
, N tas h ar oc
'
i
/ca. oe a . o
t h t it m k s t h s ship i qu sti thic l pp s d ’

a a e e on n e on e a as O o e
to m t physic l
‘
e a such dis t i cti s w i t ha
’
: no n on er e n e
a p stl s th ught But t h s ship which w d cl d

o e
’
o . e on , as e are
by t h su c t i e sw d t t h pi it f h li ss
re r re on , an er e o e S r o o ne
whic h w t h i m st d d p t l i ty i t h P s
as e n o an ee es
'
rea n e e r on
d lif f J su s It w Spi it which s l d Him “

” 1 ”
an e o e . as a r ea e
with p cific ch ct ; t m ly
a S e gisi g Divi a ra er no ere en er n as ne
p w i His lif but supplyi g t h ffici t g u d f

o er n e, n e e en ro n o
His vict y v d th T it S t P u l s mi d cu d
or o er ea . o . a
’
n re rre ,
m st p b bly wh h i mi d dw lt
o ro a th
, th m f en s n e on e e e o
Ch ist s p hist ic lif ; Spi it w t h l m t

r
’
re - or e
“
r
”
as e e e en or
m dium t sp k f th t lif i vi tu f which th

e , so o ea , o a e, n r e o e re
w c ti u ity b tw
as on th ndi ff t ph s s f His c e e en e e re n a e o a re er .
1
E C T i i i n l oc
. . .
TH E S ON A s E TE RNA L 65
In t ity e ern th d , on e ar ,
an n ow I n p s t d u di g
the re e n an n en n
gl y His u ity wi t h G d w
or ,
n o as a u ity i th ugh Spi it
n n or ro r .
In fi st p g ph f R m s
th e r i th g t a ra ra o o an ,
as n e rea
v s s w h v just x m i d J sus Ch ist is d sig t d

er e e a e e a ne , e r e na e
th e S “
f G d titl
on v s d by St P ul s v
o o ,
”
a e ne er u e . a a e
wi t h c t i g v s l m i t y It is
a er a n l g ra e o e n .
1
no on er a
M ssi ic
e m f h u m ly ; it h b
an na e ossig d on o r e re as een a ne
t h l fti
e fu c t i f xp ssi g t h igi l d i h t
o er n on o e re n e or na an n e ren
u ity f lif by which C h ist is c j i d with G d Acc d

n o e r on o n e o . or
i g t t h us g
n o f t h Ol d T s t m t h w
e a e op cific lly e e a en , e as S e a
G ds S
o
’
wh m G d s l v w
on on t but i S t P ul
o o
’
o e as se , n . a
this is m d f th ught t sc d d v if t c c ll d
a o e o o ra n en e , e en no an e e .
If w t k v s s lik R 8
e a e H th t sp
er e d t His e 0
32
:
“
e a ar e no
f His l v “
” 13 ”
o w Sn C l 1on , th S or w
o : e on o o e, e ca n
on ly g with W iss th t it w uld b

a ree mist k t e a o e a a e o
i t p t th s p ss g s th ugh s ship w m ly
n er re e e a a e as o
‘
on
’
ere ere
an o th w y f xp ssi g l v ; b c us G d
er a o e lvd re n o e e a e o so o e
this b i g th f h w t h S f G d Th v
e n , ere or e e as e on o o . e re ers e
is t u B c us h is t h S th f G d l v s him
r e : e a e e e on , ere ore o o e .
” 2
S on of G d by t l tu i t is i this ch ct th t
o e e rn a na re— n ara er a
H c m s i t t h w ld
e o e Al dy i th t u b gi i g
n o e or . rea n a n e nn n
lif H h d b t h im g f th i visibl G d ( C l
e e a ee n e a e o e n e o o
W t
e a re n otitl d t m k th p stl spo sibl f
en e o a e e a o e re n e or
an e xplicit d ct i f t l g ti o but q
r ne o
“
e ern a en e ra on un u es
ti bl y h d s m
on a th t t h l ti of Ch ist t G d
e oe ea n a e re a on r o o
is i c t n d ss ti l It h b
rea e an i f d f m e en a . as een n err e ro
R 1 wh
e th4
S ship f Ch ist is put i
, e re c ctie on o r n on n e on
with His isi g f m th d d th t t h P uli Ch ist is

r n ro e ea ,
a e a ne r
S on ly ft th su cti
on But th w ds lly
a er e re rr e on . e or rea
m th t ly th w His S ship fully d ctu lly

ea n a on en as on an a a
m if st d ; H is k w
an e e S f m th t p i t w ds
e no n as on ro a o n on ar ,
but by i f c th m i d p ss s b y d d b hi d th t
n er en e e n a e e on an e n a
f ct t t h S ship which is sup i t tim

a o e on e r or o e .
W h
1 “
l it
p y a n ex ce t i on i t s on l y us e
i d i
s ca rc e h p i f h n s uc ort on s o t e
l et t ers a s a re m ark ed by a n es p e ci a l el e v a t i on O f s t l e
y ( We i n el , S t P a u l , .
E xa m pl es a e R0 8 , 1
r
32
Ga l
1
J . W ei ss ,
Ch r i st : the B egi n n i n gs of D ogma , 6 6 .
It is bs v bl th t St P ul t ch s
o er a L ds e a . a ou e on our or
’
p xist
re -e c lw ys ly
en e, a lw ys i quit i cid
a t l or n ea r a a ,
n a e n en a
m a n ner This d s t p v th t th id w
. oe p t no ro e a e ea as no ar
o f his g sp l pi t o which f w h v
e —a o n on so ar e a e no
e vid c but it p v s t ll v ts th t p xist c

en e— ro e ,
a a e en , a r e -e en e
w as id an f mili t Ch isti s to qui

ea so a ar o r an as re re no
e xpl ti an a p l gy N wh is h i t th t f th
on or a o o . o ere s on e a o e
sp s f
on or d ct i l v ltyor a o r na no e .
A t p ticul t xts u du w ight must t b

S o ar ar e ,
n e e no e
pl c d G l 4 G d s t f th His S
a e on a
4
lth ugh t h
,
“
o en or on ,
”
a o e
ph s is sig ific t ugh ( cf R

ra e n S m wh t m an en o . 0 o e a ore
e xplicit is 1 C 1 0 wh it is ss t d th t t h R ck o
4
,
er e a er e a e o
which f ll w d t h Is lit s i t h d s t d f which

o o e e ra e e n e e er , an o
th y d k w Ch ist ; H is c c i d th t is h vi g
e ra n , as r e on e v e ,
a ,
as a n
pl y d
a e l p t i Ol d T st m t hist y A d th
a re a ar n e a en or . n er e
is g l g m t th t 2 C 8 b s t up t h
en era a ree en a o
9
ea r no on e
“
p v ty of J sus lif tim
o er th but His s c ific
e
’
e e on e ar ,
on a r e
i b i g b
n e n ; f th p v ty d ich s i qu sti
orn or e o er an r e n e on
must bvi usly b c l tiv d si c H ith w

o o e orre a e, an n e e ne er as
Hims lf ich i th lit l s s

e r m d th s it is
n e era en e, n or a e o er so,
imp ssibl t t k lit lly th p v ty h

o e o a sc ib d t
e era e o er ere a r e o
H im Th v s is
. which i i m p t t sc ds th
e er e on e n or ra n en e
ph m en o f tim d p c
en a o ou ci g t m ly th t e an S a e, a n n n n no ere a
Ch ist s thly lif w i f i i gl y t His p i

r
’
ear e as n er or n or o r or
co diti but
n
y t
on , m subli m th—ught a th t H e ore e o — a e
en eret d up t h l w st t by His w v liti on e o er a e o n o on .
Fi lly th is P h
na p ss g m k d by pic
er e a a a e ar e e
f l ss d dig ity t h mpl st d m st d lib t f

u ne an n , e a e an o e era e o
l l S t P ul s d cl ti s th m Lightfo t h
’
a . a th e ara on on e e e . o as
thus p ph s d a rad Th ug h xis t i g b f

ra e vv .
6
an
7 ° “
o e n e ore
t h w lds i
e orth Et l G dh d y t H did t cli g
n e ern a o ea ,
e e no n
with vidity t t h p g tiv s f His Divi m j sty

a o e re r o a e o ne a e ,
did t mbiti usly displ y His qu lity with G d ; but

no a o a e a o
div st d Hims lf f t h gl i s f h v
e e e d t k up o e or e O ea en , a n oo on
H i m th t f es v t ssu mi g t h lik ss f
n a u re o a er an ,
a n e en e o
m en . Ch ist th t is c m i t
” 1
r w ld f m
,
a , a e n o ou r or ro a
p vious st t f Divi
re xist c ; i th t st t H
a e o ne e en e n a e a e e
1
P h i l ip p i a n s, 110 .
TH E CON CE P T I ON OF P RE -E X I STENCE 67
poss ss d s lf co scious i d p d t lif with will th t

e e e - n n e en en e, a a
r ul d its lf ; will th t might h v b

e e x t d i th
a a a e ee n e er e n o er
m d s but ctu lly w x t d i this m d f s lf

o e ,
a a as e er e n o e o e
a b g tine It is ss t d
a on d . th ss t i hi g s a er e — an on e a er on n e
th th illi g m l pp l f t h p ss g th t b f
e r n ora a ea o e a a e a e ore
H cm
e ma Ch ist s lif w Divi i qu lity ;
e as an r
’
e as ne n a
no t m ly li k G d but p a ticip t i His ss ti l t t i

ere e o ,
r an n e en a a r
but s ( p p gt fi) Th c uci l f ct is th t t h p stl v

e o . e r a a a e a o e, e en
th ugh f i i g f m sp cul tio

o r e ra n n t th l ti ship ro e a n as o e re a on
to G d f th E t
o l S d s t sc upl t d sc ib
o e e rn a on , oe no r e o e r e
Him subsisti g i as d th givi g up bi g i n n , an en n ,

a e n so n
th f m e f G d th t t
or b qu l with H i m is thi g f
o o a o e e a a n o
na tu H t k lif
re .
”
f m h d th ugh t h e bdic ti oo a e o an oo ro e a a on
o f i fi it gl y
n A d t h m tif f t h p ss g
n e or mt . n e o o e a a e— e a
physic l ly f a it is thic l li s i t h subdui g

on so ar as e a — e n e n
th ght th t wh it w p t Ch ist t mpl y

ou a en as o en o r so o e o
t h p w s f His i h
e o tly Divi dig ity t i sist
er o n e re n ne n as o n on
b i g w shipp d G d H ch s t
e n or ch this sup m e as o , e o e o r ea re e
p si t i
o f L dship
on , ck wl dg d u iv s lly by t h
o or a no e e n er a , e
p th f l wli ss b di c d d th Thus His d sc t

a o o ne , o e en e , an ea . e en
re v ls th v st ss f His l v
ea e d justifi s His l t a ne o o e, an e a er
e x lt ti
a a on .
This x lt ti is u d ubt dly co c iv d i

e a a l on n o e n e e as n a rea
s s th w d f th g t s c ific th t w t b f ;
en e e re ar o e r ea a r e a en e or e
th h d t t lk of d ifi ti is t f “ ”
on th e o er an ,
o a e ca on ou o
ll k pi g with t h p stl s mi d T J w t h ti ’
a ee n e a o e n . o a e e no on
th t m m ight b c m G d w uld h v b
a a an fl t e o e o o a e e en a
bl sph my Asc si
a e ly s v d t b i g t i full
. en on on er e o r n ou n
a ctu lity wh t w igi lly i m plicit ; it but u f ld d t h

a a a s or na n o e e
e ss ti l gl y d dig ity f Ch ist s p s

en a or P an n o r
’
er on . re
e xist c d L dship th f
en e a n i st ict ss l tiv or , e re ore, a r e n r ne re a e
t o each th o er .
1
It is f c u s possibl t disc u t t h imp ssi

o o r e e o o n e re on
m d by such d cl ti s Th fi st b li v s it m y b
a e e ara on . e r e e er , a e
s id vi d with
a ,
th i fi di g i v ti g m s
e on e ano er n n n or n en n na e
Cf H A A Ken n ed y , E C T i i i i n t oo
1
Too m uch i m p ort a n ce S h oul d
fl
. . . . . . .
n ot b e ascri b ed t o D e i ss m a n n s i n t erest i n g s u gge s t i on s a s t o t h e i n uen c e on

’
St P a ul of l a n gu age associ a t ed wi t t h e wors i p of t h e E mp eror

. h h .
by which t h c J sus gl y But wh th th y p k

o en an e e
’
or . e er e S o e
o f His bi th f vi gi r His t l S ship it w

o a ly
r n or e ern a on ,
a s on
a hyp b lic l tt m pt t u tt His spi itu l g t ss

er o a a e o er r a rea n e .
Th eid f His p xist c J uli h h su m is d

ea o r e -e en e, c er as r e ,
m y h v b
a ah lp d i t cu cy by th wid sp d
e een e e n o rren e e rea
c t mp y b li f i t h t smig ti f s uls If
on e orar e e n e ra n ra on o o .
“
I h v b m l dy i um bl tim s wh y h uld
a e een an a rea ,
nn er a e e , S o
J sus t h v liv d i h v f c tu i s t h S
e no a e e n ea en or en r e as e on
th qu t s it h b m i t i d th t
”
o f G d ? o I 1
n o er ar er as een a n a ne a
S t P ul s mi d t h mi d f his f ll w Ch isti s
’
for . f
a n ,
as or e n o e o - r an ,
t h th ught f Ch ist s p xist c w m th ’

e o o r r e-e en e as no ore an a
sub di t or d cill y sy m b l It is bvi us th t

na e an an ar o o o a
wh t v a e m s St P ul might
er n a w uld h v h d th i
e . a u se o a e a e r
o w p vi us hist y but w must

n re o t b g t h qu stior , e no e e e on
wh th h c uld
e er c uld t fill th m with
e o w or o no e a ne
sig ific c Fu th it is v i to u g th t t h
n an e. r er , a n r e a e con
ce p t i fonp xist c
o is i t h p culi
re -e t S t P ul en e e er e ar o . a or
o f m ly p iph l imp t c f his vi w f Ch ist

er e er era or a n e or e o r .
It is p s t c spicu usly i H b ws d i th
re en on o n e re an n e
J h i w iti gs ; th
o a nn n e is s m r s t b li v
n ere o e r ea on o e e e,
i d d th t it d iv s ulti m t l y f m J sus I th
n ee ,
a er e a e ro e . n e
p s c f th s f cts it is g tuit us to pl d th t t h
re e n e o e e a , ra o ea a e
w it s f t h N w T st m t tt ch d t it ly mi
r er o e e e a en a a e o on n or
re ligi us v lu d w uld h v w iv d it dily t s tisfy

o a e, a n o a e a e r ea o a
an o bj ct e or .
Th igi f St P ul s th u ght f p xist c h

e or n o . a
’
o o r e -e en e as
b een s ught sp ci lly i t h ll g d J wi h H ll ic

o e e a n e a e e e s - e en
id of p xist t h v ly M
ea a re -e th ch typ en
“
ea en an , e ar e e
an d p tt f c
a t d m h d F ll wi g t h Al x
er n o rea e an oo . o o n e e
an d i th yr an v i us sch l s h v m i t i d
eor ,
as ar o o ar a e a n a ne
si c B u h t ght th t Ch ist p xist d i h v

n e a r, e au a r r e -e e n ea en
as a hum p s lity i clusiv f b dy Th vid c

an er on a , n e o a o . e e en e
f or this st tli g hyp th sis is f t h sl d st I

ar n o e o e en ere . n
R 5 th p
0 ll l b tw Ad m d Ch ist is m
e a ra e e ee n a an r ore an
illust ti th ra ythi g ls ; it is St P ul s w y f
on an an n e e . a
’
a o
s yi g th t Ch isti i t y is t h bs lu t ligi
a n a r A d an e a o e re on . n
in 1 Co 1 5 th l l i l l lik lih d
4 4— 4 9 —
f e ocus c a ss cus— a e oo o
1 P a u l us u nd J es us , 3 2 .
TH E H E AV E N L Y M AN 69
A l x d i i flu c xc pt p ssibly by w y f impli d
e an r an n e n e, e e o a o e
p l mic is g tiv d by t w m i c sid t i s th t t h

o e ,
ne a e o a n on era on : a e
“
h v ly M
ea en wh m P hil m s t h Fi st M
an
”
is o o na e
“
e r an
e mph tic lly m d t h S c d M

a a na by St P ul d
e
“
e e on an . a ,
an
th t t h p ssag is th ugh ut c c d t i th l st
a e a e ro o on ern e no n e ea
with t h p xist t but with t h x lt d Ch ist It w

e r e -e en e e a e r . as
on ly i vi tu f su cti th t H b c m t h ch
n r e o re rre on a e e a e e ar e
typ d h d f
e an w c It w uld b bit y to
ea o a ne ra e . o e ar rar
d y th t t h p stl s m i d m y h v w d s m thi g t
en a e a o e
’
n a a e o e o e n o
such fl ti g c c pti s of t sc d c
oa n on t h P hil
e ic on ra n en en e as e on ,
but it is still m u f u d d t d sc ib it i y i t lore n o n e o e r e as n an n e
ligibl s s th g m
e en e g ic c f his Ch ist l gy
e er or or an ore o r o o ,
si c i p i t f f ct it is m ti d m ly i
n e n o n o a ch p t f en on e ere n on e a er o
on e e pis tl A mi but qu lly d cisiv ci cumst c is

e . n or e a e e r an e
its i c m p tibility i its Al x d i f m t ll v ts

n o a ,
n e an r an or a a e en ,
wi t h th P uli st t m t s t t h p xist t O
o er a ne a e en as o e re-e en ne .
A b i g wh w
e n f m t ity i t h f m f G d c uld
o as ro e e rn n e or o o o
no t ls b s id t h v t lly w
a o e a hum b dy o a e e er n a orn a an o .
Th ti h w v th t St P ul s vi w f Ch ist st t d
e no on , o e er , a . a
’
e o r ar e
f m th id f t h h v ly M
ro e ea will lw ys f sci
O e
“
ea en an
”
a a a
t
na e th s wh o e s lv d t i t p t his g sp l i
o a re re o e o n er re
“
o e
”
n
e xclusiv ly hu m it i t ms
e an ar a n er .
Th p xis t t Ch ist is fu th c c iv d h vi g
e re -e en r r er on e e as a n
m di t d by p s l Divi g cy i th c ti f t h
e a e e r on a ne a en n e r ea on o e
w ld ( 1 C 8 C 1
or If th b
o
6
, f c t 0 er e e a r e e ren e o
G sticism i t h l tt p ss g
no n is p b bly th c s
e a er a a e, a s ro a e a e,
it is by w y f c il t f imit ti a o I qu t g i
re o ,
no o a on . o e a a n
Ligh t f t s p ph s
oo
’
H is th p f ct im g t h
a ra ra e :
“
e e er e a e, e
visibl p s nt ti e re f th u s
re e G d H is t h
a on o e n een o . e e
F i tb t h bs lut H i f h F th b g tt b f
rs orn , e a
“
o e e r o t e a er, e o en e ore
th e g s ; t h L d f t h U iv s by vi tu f p i m
a e e or o e n er e r e o r o
g itu
en d by vi tu
re , a n ls f c tiv g cy F i r e a o o r ea e a en . or n
Him d th ugh H i m t h wh l w ld w c t d
an ro e o e or as rea e ,
thi gs i h v
n nd thi gs i ea th thi gs visibl t t h
en a n n n ea r ,
n e o e
o u tw d y d thi gs c g iz bl by th utw d p
ar e e , an n o n a e e o ar er
ce p t i His
on . sup m cy is bs lut d u iv s l All re a a o e an n er a .
pw s i h v
o er dn th ea subj c t t H i m This
en an ea r a re e o .
subj cti e xt ds v t t h m s t x lt d d m st
on e en e en o e o e a e an o
70 TH E P E RS ON O F J ES US CH RI ST
pt t f
o en g lic b i gs wh th th y b c ll d
o an e e n , e er e e a e
Th s ron e D mi ti s or P i c d mso P w s
na on or r n e o or o er ,
or
wh t v titl f dig ity m m y c f up

a e er e o n en a on e r on
th m Y H is fi st d H is l st Th gh H im
e . es , e r an e a . rou ,
as th m di t i l w d t h u iv s h b c t d ;
e e a or a or , e n er e as een rea e
an d u t Him n o th fi l g l it is t di g I Him
,
as e na oa , en n . n
is b f
no ft
e ore or aH is p xist t d s lf xist t
er . e re -e en an e -e en
bf
e ore ll t h w lds A d i Him t h bi di g d
a e or . n n as e n n an
sust i i g p w u iv s l t u c h s d c sists
a n n o e r, n er a na re o ere an on .
” 1
I this pictu
n f Ch ist stimul t d it m y b i p t by
re o r , a e a e n ar
th e P hil ic c c p ti on of t h L g s t h p stl m v s
on e on e o o , e a o e o e
on w d f m h ist ic l t c smic m d s f i t p t ti
ar ro or a o o o e o n er re a on .
W m y si gl
e a t t h th n m i st t m ts fi st Ch ist
e ou e ree a n a e en : r ,
r
is th o g f c ti bs l t i fu cti
e r an o d t
re a lon , a o u e n n on an e er n a
in e xist c ; s c dly i Him ll thi gs h ld t g th

en e e on , n a n are e o e er ,
c h i g i th t u ity d s lid ity which m k

o er n n a n an o ar a e a
c s m s ; thi dly
o o l l thi gs t k is i
r , Him th y
as a n oo r e n , so e
mv o e t Him fi l g l Th
on o ist t s is us d
as na oa . e a or en e e
to ffi m th t Ch ist c t d ll thi gs f t h w it
a r a r rea e a n , or e r er
is thi ki g f t h p xist t O ; but t h f ct th t h

n n o e re-e en ne e a a e
l ps s i t p f cts d p s ts is sugg stiv hi t th t

a e n o er e an re en a e e n a
he c t mpl t s this p xist c th ugh th m dium

on e a e r e-e en e ro e e ,
so to sp k f th x l t d Lif O t put it th wis

ea , o e e a e e . r o o er e,
C h ist is c c iv d c t f t h w ld g th P
r on e e as re a or o e or ua e e rson
i wh m t h u iv s w
n o i e d ti m t fi d its g ic
n er e as n ue e o n or a n
c t i vi tu f His w k f c cili ti ; H w
en re n r e o or o re on a on e as
th e i iti l c us f ll thi gs
n a a b i g d sti d t b
e O a n , as e n e ne o e
th i fi l d His fu cti
e r na en C t is p l ptic lly
. n on as r ea or ro e a
c diti d by His chi v m t S vi u Th p stl s

on on e a e e en as a o r . e a o e
’
mi d h
n , v ywh st ts f m th is L d d
ere as e er e re, ar ro e r en or ,
an ,
as P f ss ro e P k bs v s th w k f t h S i His
or ea e o er e ,
“
e or o e on n
pre -e xist t st t isen f d t th t

a e t h t u p siti fre erre o, a e r e o on o
th e ex lt d Ch ist m y b u d st d
a e r It is i t s t i ga e n er oo .
” 2
n e re n
t c mp
o o li f m f t h s m id
ar e a n ear This is i
er or o e a e ea . n
1 C 8 o T u s th
6
: is
“
G d t h F th
o of wh m e re on e o , e a er, o
a re l l thi gs
a d w u t n Him ; d ,
an L d J sus e n o an on e or ,
e
Ch i st th ugh wh m
r ,
ro ll thi gs d w th ugh
o a re a n ,
an e ro
1 '
Col oss i a n s, 14 4 .
1
E C T ii i i n loo . . .
be c mp d All thi gs
o a re yus : d y n a re o r an e a re
Ch ist s d Ch ist is G d s E v m s t iki g p

r
’
, an r o
'
.
”
en ore r n ,
er
h ps is thi d v s i t h s m pistl wh St P ul
a , a r er e n e a e e e, er e . a
an ticip t s t h fi l su d f t h ki gd m by t h
a e e na rr en er o e n o e
S on : Th sh ll t h S ls Hims lf b subj ct d t
“
en a e on a o e e e e o
Him th t did subj ct ll thi gs u t Him t h t G d

a e a n n o , a o
m y b A L fs h sh w it is ”
a ll i lle a n a s oo as o n, a
v s t h myst y f which l id p ll
er e e m y f th er o a a S e on an o e
G k d L ti F th s It pp s t c t mpl t
ree an a n a er .
1
a ea r o on e a e a
p i t f tim wh Ch ist h vi g put ll mi s u d

o n o e en r ,
a n a en e e n er
His f t will bdic t d sub m it v Hims lf t t h

ee , a a e an e en e o e
M st High
o Th is n p ll l t t his ywh i t h
. ere o a ra e o an er e n e
N w T st m t
e It m y p ssibly b
e a lic f J wish
en
?
a o e a re o e
b li f t t h d sti y f t h M ssi h ; d t l t
e e as o e e n o e e a an a a a er
st g
a i
e, a sC l 1 th p stl s ms t h v put it
n o
16
, e a o e ee o a e on
on e sid But t ll v ts it is p f f t h sub di

e .
3
a a e en roo o e or na
ti i t sp ct f his vi w f Ch ist
on s a e o e o r .
Wh t v i f c w build a e th s xp ssi s
er n e ren e e on e e e re on ,
th y e t l st
are vid c th t St P ul w
a ea ly no e en e a . a as a n ea r
A ir an T y. th t Ch ist is to G d but
sa t h S f a
“
r no o , e on o
G do th t Th S w c ll d i t lif d d w d
,
”
or a e on as a e n o e an en o e
with p w by G d f t h c ti o er d d mpti f o or e re a on an re e on o
m ki d is t sig lis but

an n ,
”
sid of t h P uli o na e on e e e a ne
Ch ist l gy d t t h m s t m k bl W
r o o , an jus t i no e o re ar a e . e a re
fi d i
e s yi g th t his vi w w
n a t imply i c h
n t a e as no S n o e re n .
But i t is c t i th t h h ld th d ity f Ch ist If er a n a e e e e o r .
h e wh puts it wit h d gm tic p cisi

no ere t l st o a re on , a ea
th ed x l gy i R 9 is sig ific t ; ls his h bitu l

o o o n 0
5
n an a o a a
u se o f L d th
“
p p titl f t h x l t d Ch ist
or as e ro er e o e e a e r ,
an d his f qu t b ck t i g f Ch i t with G dre en th ra e n o r s o as e
f u t f l l g c d p c Th m f ct th t h c uld
o n o a ra e an ea e . e e re a a e o
w it C l 2 I H i m d w ll t h l l t h ful ss f th
r e o
9
:
“
n e e a e ne o e
G dh d b dily is lly d cisiv ; f t h w ds m

o ea o ,
re a e e or e or ea n
1
Cf . a rt i cl e Ch ri s t ol ogi e, RE . iv .
2
Wei zsack er l on g a
go s ugges t ed Jn i n t h a t d a y y e S h a l l a sk M e
16 23
n ot h ing
”
—
p reci se e x e ges i s
bu t a sca rcel
y b ea rs h i m ou t ( s ee J a h r b f . .
d eu tsch e Th eol ogi e, 1 8 5 7 , 18 3

3
C f Ti t i us , D i e
. n eu tes t . L eh r e von ( l er S eli gleei t, 2 Ab t h ei l . 35 .
TH E S U B ORD I NATI ON OF TH E S ON 73
th t i Ch ist th is t b f u d
a n r u ity i ere o e o n , as a n or n
g ic l t i t h t i sum of qu liti s d t t ibut s

or a n re a on , e en re a e an a r e
by which t h b i g f G d is c stitut d Th sub di

e e n o o on e . e or na
ti f Ch ist th f w
on o r his vi w c m p tibl with
,
e re ore , as on e o a e
His h vi g pl c withi t h ph
a n a f G dh d It
a e n e S ere o o ea .
w as asubj cti by which t h u ity f G d w xhibi t d

e on e n o o as e e ,
no t d st y de ro e .
I th n s luti f t his
e ti m y St P ul ff d s
o on o an no , . a a or
l ss i d th w might xp ct I c m m with t h
e a an e e e . n o on e
p i m itiv p st lic s ci ty h l ks t Ch ist q lly

r e a o o o e , e oo o r e ua
wi t h G d f ll thi gs i t h p s t
o or th afutu n n e re en or e re ,
re p s ti g w t h
r e en n w th th
no Ju dg S vi u e on e , n o e o er, a s e, a o r,
an d L d wi t h ut
or y s s f f ci g p i ful p bl m
o an en e o a n a a n ro e ,
much l ss c t dicti e Q u sti s

a which l t g
on ra on . e on on a a er a e
f st d h d t is i his mi d O simpl m d f
a en e a no ar en n n . ne e o e o
re li vi g th st i h i d d b
e n e c mm d d It is
ra n as n ee een r e o en e .
to id t ify t h P uli du lism i Ch ist l gy with t h

en e a ne a n r o o e
tw f ld i t p t ti f Ch ist which h b f lt t
o o n er re a on o r as e en e o
p v d t h N w T st m t
er a e e wh l Th fi st e e a en as a o e . e r or
hist ic l vi w m v s lw ys wi t hi th hu m f ct f
or a e o e a a n e an a o
J sus lif
e
’
th fi di g i His u iqu m h d th
e on ea r ,
n n n n e an oo e
p f ct v hicl f Divi g c Th th
er e e e o t sc d t ne ra e . e o er or ra n en en
i w fix s up t h high
V e e tu m if st i ll Ch ist s
on e er n a re an e n a r
’
lif d w k d f m this cu s to His p i c t

e an or ,
an ro re r re - n a rn a e
lif i G d d G d A
e n o t sub di
an ti ist ph s s
as o . re n o or na on ra e
m sily i t lligibl ( it is s id ) if w l t th m sim ply

ore ea n e e a e re a e e
to th f m e hist ic l i t p t t i ? This w ld
or er , or or a ,
n er re a on ou
vi tu lly b th th y f C lvi wh c mm t s
r a e e e or o a n, o o en on
1 Co 3 13
: H oec s u b ecti o a d
j Ch r i sti h u ma n i ta tem f
r e er tu r .
J sus Ch ist
e r hist ic p
,
wh w
as a t ust d with or e rs on , o a s en r e
a v c ti i
o a on d f m ki d
n an d submi t t d Hims lf to
or an n , an e e
God i n t h disch g
e f it h w ls t h i
ar sub di e o — o e e an n or na
t i on i s t t ms ld St P ul sp k f His l ti t t h
er cou . a ea o re a on o e
F th a er ? I d t wish t d y th f c f this which

o no o en e or e o ,
w uldo i d d b quit c vi ci g but f c t i st t

n ee e e on n n or er a n a e
m ts en th t u qu sti bly pl t th sub di ti

a n e on a an e or na on
p dic
re a e t d f Ch ist withi th t l d t sc d t
o r n e e er n a an ran en en
sph e re . Th p i c te O d t h R is L d
re - n a rn a e ne an e en or
74 THE P E RS ON OF J E S US CH RI ST
e qu lly pictu d
a subj ct t t h ul f G d th
a re re as e o e r e o o e
F th ( G l 4 C l
a er Th S is p s lly
a with
4
, o e on er on a on e
God y t ls sub di t i th s s i diss ci bly b u d

, e a o or na e n e en e n o a o n
up with th v y th ught f s ship A d St P ul

e er o o on . n . a , so
far b s as w uld t h v co s t d t duc

ca n e een , o no a e n en e o re e
e ith f th s tw fo ms f t u t h t t h th Ch ist
er o e e o r o r o e o er— r
an d G d of Divi
o t y t withi this u ity
are on e ne n a ure , e n n
th bt i l ti s of h igh
er e o d l w
a n re a on er a n o er .
It will b s th t St P ul s vi w f Ch ist p s ts
e een a . a
’
e o r re re en
a n ot w thy dv c e t h p imitiv
or p st lic c c pti
a an e on e r e a o o on e on
as i dic t d by t h P t i sp ch s i Acts H w
n a e e e r ne ee e n . e as
th fi st t sp k f Ch ist
e r g t i c ti
o d
ea o r as a en n rea on , an
t od w t g th cl s ly t h Spi it d Ch ist s i m st
ra o e er o e e r an r
’
n o
b i g H l d t h w y ls i t chi g mysticism
e n . e e e a a o n ea n a
which h its piv t p i t f d p tu i t h Ch isti s

as o or o n o e ar re n e r an
’
u i with Ch ist I this s s his Ch ist l gy is i

n on r . n en e r o o n
d p d t
e end u iqu This igi lity h b tu d
en an n e . or na as een rn e
i t g v ch g g i st t h c dibility f his c clusi s

n o a ra e ar e a a n e re o on on
by th s wh gu th t w c t lly xp ct t u
o e o ar e a e ann o rea e e a r e
e stim t f th p s a e d w k of Ch ist f m
o ewh er on a n or r ro on e o
h d a t b noimm di t discipl Wh th h did

een an e a e e . e er e or
did t spi Ch ist l gy f ly t f his w mi d t

no n r o o ree ou o o n n ,
a
l st w
ea u bl t c t l th st t m ts f which h
e a re na e o on ro e a e en or e
m k s hims lf sp sibl
a e e re on e .
It is st iki g f ct h w v th t his stim t of

a r n a ,
o e er, a e a e
C h ist v b c m
r f
ne w k w t h subj ct f
er e a e, so ar as e no , e e o
c t v sy i t h p imitiv Ch u ch M wh diss t d
on ro er n e r e r .
1
en o en e
vi l tly f m his i t p t ti
o en f th
ro L w f u d n er re a on o e a o n no
difficulty i his c c pti f th S vi u His w

n on e on o e a o r . as on e
t u W y th y f lt f st ti g t h imp ssi m d
r e a ,
e hime , o a n e re on a e on
an d th m lik by t h c ucifi d
e d x lt d L d
a e H e r e an e a e or . e
no wh b t ys f li g th t th idi sy c si s f his
ere e ra a ee n a e o n ra e o
th ught l di g hi m t d g us g u d wh h
o are ea n on o an ero ro n ere e
m u st mov with t d g d f e th s H a en er re ar or o er . e ca n
c u t symp thy d c mp h si
o n on Th c t g i s h
a an o re en on . e a e or e e
Not t h a t con t rov ersy woul d d i scred i t h i s i n t erp re t a t i on

1
bu t i n p oi n t
f h
of a ct t ere wa s n one .
ST . PA UL S '
V I EW O RI GI N AL 75
empl y d w such t g i t h c fid c d pp v l
o e e re as o a n e on en e a n a ro a
o f Ch isti mr an en .
N v th l ss it m y be er gu d th t t h pt ss f t h
e e ,
a e ar e a e a ne o e
P uli
a Ch ist l gy t th fi st c tu y is p cis ly th
ne r o o o e r en r re e e
s why it is imp ssibl f us Owi g t t h p i

r ea on o e or . n o e rov
d ti l dv c f hum th ught w h v i c v bly

en a a an e o an o e a e rr e o era
l st his p i t f Vi w Th f c t t h t p i mi ti b li v s
o o n o e . e a a
’
r ve e e er
w lc m d his stim t f J sus is m v

e o e e vid c a e o e , oreo er, n o e en e
of its l t uth N tu lly ll vi ws f Ch ist th t

r ea r . a ra a e o r a
en h c d His gl y
an e g v w thy xp ssi t His or or a e or e re on o
r d m i g i flu c w
e ee n pl si g t th i mi ds ; but
n en e ere ea n o e r n
th y w uld c t i ly h v g t d di ff t t f
e o er a n a e re e e a e re n se o
th ugh t f ms wit h qu l f v u p vid d th y s t

o - or e a er o r, ro e e ro e o
th s m l v l of i m gi tiv d id l p w
e a e e e a na e an ea o er .
This is t u d ubt i t h s s th t s m i m
r e no o n e en e a o e
p t t l m ts i t h Ch ist l gy f St P ul
or an e e en v n e r o o o . a a re e en
y te f p t
o i lly dubi us i
ar t p t ti
a ; it is v i qu s o n er re a on a a n e
ti wh th w cc pt th m f w c t t ll wh t th y
on e er e a e e , or e an n o e a e
m ean W h will cl i m t k w f
. o c t i t h wh l a o no or er a n e o e
imp t f t h p stl s mi d f such ph s s

or or e a th f m o e
’
n o ra e as
“
e or
of G d o d th f m f s v t ( Ph
an
“
th y e or o a e r an as e
a re p dic t d succ ssiv ly f t h p xist t d t h

re a e e e o e re -e en an e
i c t Ch ist ? N
n a rn a e w d y th t s v l p
r or ca n e en a e era re
C h is t i i fl
r an J wish th l gy P hil St icism
n u e n ce s — e eo o , o, o
m y h v
a l ft th i m k
a e his l gu g Y t it is
e e r ar on an a e. e
an u s i g c i t icism which fi ds i th s ythi g m

n ee n r n n e e an n or e
th th u t w d s t ti g f t h pictu
an e o If th g sp l
ar e n o e re .
1
e o e
Cf a v al ua bl e p a ge i n Rei sch l e , Th eol ogi e u n d Rel i gi on sgesch i eh te,

1
h
.
“
H a rn ack s recen t s t a t em en t i s a l so wor t
’
40 . q uot i n g I t i s u t t erl y
i m p rob a bl e t h at St P a ul arri ved a t t h e cen t ra l con cep t i on of a S on o f God ,
h h
.
wh o d i e d a n d r ose a ga i n , t rough t h e my t s o f W es t er n As i a t h e p rem i ses

of h i s r ea son i n g a n d t h e h
i s t ori cal p rem i s es wh i c l a y i n t h e d ea t on t h e h h
cros s a n d t h e bel i e f
i n t h e res urrect i on O f J es us m us t of t h e m s el v es h a v e
l e d h i m up t o i t B ut i t i s q ui t e p oss i bl e t h a t t h e i d ea un d erl y i n g t os e
. h
m y t h s h a d won some i n fluence ov er h i m , wi t h ou t h i s b e i ng a wa re of i t , n ot
on l y u p on t h e cos m ol ogi cal d e v e l op m en t of t h e i d ea , b u t a l s o up on t h e
d et er mi n a t i on a n d p ower wi t wh i c h
t h e a p os t l e a d v a n ced i t
”
( F if thh
I n ter n a t i on a l Con gress f
o F ree Ch r i sti a n i ti 1 9 10 , p .
S i m il a rl y , h ow m uch h a d b een d on e by t h e progres s o f He l l e n i s t i c rel i gi ous
h h
t oug t t o p re p a re t h e t er m o wr rjp f or Ch ri s t i a n us age we m ay l ea rn f ro m the
76 PERSON or J ESUS C H RI ST TH E
w fas th m f th t
or g it must b c v y d i
e en o a a e, e on e e n
th v cul f t h i mi ds by th s t wh m
e ern a ar o e r n , o e o o con
t mp y id s f m d
e ora r tu l d vit l t m sph
ea or e a na ra an a a o ere .
O th n th h d it is i e o w y f t l t t h v lidity
er an ,
n no a a a o e a
o f id t h t f p xist c f
an ea — m pl t h t it
a o re -e en e, or ex a e
fi
sh u ld h v h d p vi us hist y i J wish th ught

o a e a a re o or n e o .
Th v l ti f G d i Ch ist if i t p t d t l l
e re e a on o o n r ,
n er re e a a ,
must f c u s b i t p t d by id s l dy p s t i
o o r e e n er re e ea a rea re e n n
th w ld ; id s w m y b l i
e or t lt g thea , e a e ev e , no a o e er un
m uld d by high wisd m f th s vic th y w

o e a er o or e er e e er e
t o d ren If i dditi w c t mpl t t h P uli

er . n a on e on e a e e a ne
Ch ist l gy r wh l w p c iv t h t i v y g it
o o as a o e, e er e e a n e er a e
h g i d th f
as a ne c g iti d ss t f t h Ch isti
e r ee r e o n on an a en o e r an
mi d Th th ught f
n . x m pl th t Ch is t by ss ti l
e o ,
or e a e, a r e en a
na tu is such th t H g th s m i t u i wi t h
re a e a er en n o n on
Hims lf p i g th g t s f His spi itu l b i g t c iv

e ,
o en n e a e o r a e n o re e e
us ly G d
as ; th t i
on t llv H bwddw o ca n a n e ern a o e e o e o n
t o th t b m s i ; th t th d sti i s f His
ear o ea r an
’
s n a e e n e o
Chu ch d f t h w ld
r an i His h ds f v
o e or a re n an or e er
ca n w dis m iss th s thi gs

e t h o u tw f mul s f e e n as e orn or a o a
re m t p st i whic h th
o e m i s subst c v lu
a ,
n ere re a n no a n e or a e
an
y m ? O t h c t
ore y th y is sp t nusly i e on ra r , e r e on a n eo n
th i t llig c f th s wh t d y
e n e en imp ss d by
e o o e o o- a a re re e
J sus e th y w wh fi st b li v d i Him But

as e e re o r e e e n .
m t h Ch ist l gy f St P ul is p ss ss d f th t
or e, e r o o o . a o e e o a
sublim d i xh ustibl
e qu li t y which is tiv t
an ne a e a na e o
en du i g t u th His l fti st d sc ipti s f th L d

r n r . o e e r on o e or
J sus f f m h vi g f d d i t bs l sc c still v k
e ,
ar ro a n a e n o o o e en e, e o e
ou r fl cti re th y lud it by th i v y g t ss
e on , as e e e ,
e r er rea n e .
m en l i k e Pa ul W en dl an d ( cf a rt i c e l i n t h e Zei tschr ij t f
'
r e search es of h is ur
hi
.
n ea tes t Wi ssen sch af t 1 9 0 4 , 3 3 5 ff ) C r st i a n s, we ca n s ee, e m p l oy ed t hat

f h f h
. .
,
t er m t o e x p r es s t h e gl or i ous a ct t a t i n J esu s t h ey h a d ou n d ev ery t i ng

whi c h ca n be call ed s a l v a t i on — rom s i n , f
rom d e a t h , rom ud gm e n t , rom f f j f
t h e t y ra n n y of d em on s I n t h e c a se ofN ew T es t a men t wri t ers , owe v er, h
f
.
i t i s scarcel y q u e st i on a bl e t h a t t h e ol d orm h a s b een fi l l ed wi t h a n ew s p i r i t
h h
.
I n d ee d , i t m a y b e a rgu ed t a t t ey con sci ous l y a n d d el i b era t el y op p os ed
t h e E wr fip wh o h a d a p peared t o t em , h an d H is in fl u en ce, t o t he ear t hl

y
a wr fip e s and t h f
ei r a l se t i tl e s of h on ou r .
”
T ish cer t a i n ly h ol d s t r ue of t h e
( see Mofl at t Comm e n t a ry i n t h e E xp osi tor Gr eek Testa men t,

’ ’ ’
Ap oca l y p se s s
Cf H a rn a ck , Red cn a n d A i qf satze, i 29 9 if
'
v . 30 7 . . .
E L E M ENT S or P E RM A N E NCE 77
Th y e still b yo d us of ld ; w
a re e n but th w t as o e ca n ro ou
our mi ds t n i fi it
a li ty ; d t t h l st th
an n n e rea an o e a e
b li vi g c sci us ss will v i ly s t iv t k w th
e e n on o ne a n r e o no e
d pth d h ight b h ld by t h p stl i Ch ist J sus

e an e e e e a o e n r e as
h w t
e I Him w
ro e : ll thi gs c
n t d i th h v s
e re a n rea e , n e ea en
and th th thi gs visibl d t hi gs i visibl

e ea r ,
n f e an n n e or
i Him d w ll th ll t h ful ss of t h G dh d b dil y

n e e a e ne e o ea o .
C H AP T E R I V
T H E CH RI S O L O G T Y O F T H E E PI S LE T O T
T H E H E B RE WS .
IN p i t f tim t h E pistl t th H b ws is t h fi st
o n o e, e e o e e re e r
syst m tic sk tch of Ch isti th l gy A v y compl t

e a e r an eo o . er e e
pictu f Ch ist is d w li ft li b i g dd d t
re o r ra n, ne a er ne e n a e o
fill out th m j stic i t duct y p s t ti ( l

e a e n ro or re r e en a on
l
His p s is c t m pl t d th ugh u t t h s u c
er on on e a e ro o as e o r e or
p supp siti f t h w k cc mplish d by Him th

re o on o e or a o e as e
High P i st f m r e J sus w o d is t h M di t
en . e , e r ea ,
“
e e a or
o f a w c v
ne t ( 1 2 cf 9
o d
en a n this is His
” 24
, .
15
an
e ss ti l fu c t i ; d t h p mi c f th
en a n on wan e re -e n en e o e ne
c v t v th l d w ll its l s t i g gl y is d
o en a n o er e o ,
as e as a n or ,
ue
to th i c m p bl dig i ty f t h
e n o a ra t l P i st
e n o e on e e ern a r e .
Ch ist is lik A
r i c t i w ys His c mmissi
e a ron is n er a n a : o on
f m G d t s lf ssum d d f ll His u iqu sup i

ro o ,
no e -a e ,
an or a n e er
or i t y H k ps t uch with t h
e ee ds d f ilti s f t h
o e n ee an ra e o e
p pleo with th m i su ff i g d t mpt ti

e, on e e B t n er n an e a on . u
still mo H is u lik A re e H bid s p i st

n e a ron : e a e a r e con
ti nu a lly b i g h ly guil l ss d fil d d s p t
e n o ,
e e , un e e ,
an e a ra e
f m si s H
ro n n erds t t ff s c ific f His w
,
e n ee no o o er a r e or o n
i
s n , as i th nld d e F m ly m w m d
o or er or er en ere a e
p i sts W ith ut
r e th wh s i c stituti g J sus t h
o an oa , er ea n on n e e
S on a p i st f v th L d s w
r e or e d will
er t p t
“
e or a re , a n no re en
L U
I T E RA T R hm RE —L ifi H
ie f, 7 D er eh r begr d es ebr a er br i e s
2
, 18 6
Mé n égoz L a theol ogi e d e l
’
,
ep i tr e a ux H ebren x, 18 9 4 D av i d s on , H ebr e ws,
1 8 8 2 ; B ruce, Th e E p i stl e to th e H ebrews, 18 9 9 ; Mil l i ga n , Th e Th eol ogy of
th e E p i s tl e t o th e H ebr ews, 1 8 9 9 B ou sse t ,
D i e Rel i gi on d es J u d en th n m s
z
,
19 0 6 ; Fa i rba i rn , Ch r i st in Mod er n Th eol ogy ,

18 93 ; Drumm on d , P h il o
J l l dCBt t S, 1 8 8 8
’
.
80 ES US CH R S T
THE P E RS ON OF J I
th t w bl t s v Him f m d th
a as a e o u lik
a e ro ea a re as n e as
p ssibl t t h
o e t l gic l imp ssivity th t h b
o e on o o a a a as ee n
a sc ib d t t h Ch ist f H b ws Wh H is s id to
r e o e r o e re . en e a
hv ba e m d p f ct
een it is t m t th t H
a e er e no ea n a e
o v c m f ult d f c t but th t H
er a e a lis d t th full
or e e ,
a e rea e o e
wh t H h d it i H i m t b H b c m p f ct th ugh
a e a n o e . e e a e er e ro
e xp i c t h bud is p f ct d i th fl w
er e n e, a s e P t ci s er e e n e o er . o en e
o f bs lut g d ss w
a o v k d by m l discipli
e oo ne ere e o e a ora ne
which m d Him th High P i st f m ki d S ch

"
a e e r e o an n . u
u ity wi h t h will f G d h w v fi lly xp ss d i

n t e o o , o e er , na e re e n
d th is t s m t hi g which H g d lly cqui d ; i

ea ,
no o e n e ra ua a re n
p i cipl it is s m thi g which H b ght with Him

r n e o e n e rou
wh H c m en e a e
Al g with this on lis t ic p t it f J sus g s Ch ist r ea or r a o e oe a r
l gy t l s t l f t y t h t f P ul H b ws lik t h
o o a ea as o as a o a . e re ,
e e
re st f t h N w T st m t b gi s f m t h e x lt d L d ;
o e e e a en , e n ro e a e or
“
W h v such high p i s t t h w it s ms up t
e a e a r e ,
”
e r er u a on e
p i t wh t d w
o n ,
th ight h d f t h M j s ty i
o sa o n on e r an o e a e n
th h v s It is t h disti ctiv w k f Ch ist t

”
e ea en e n e or o r o
b P i st withi v il mi ist f t h s ctu y “

e r e th n e e , a n er o e an ar ,
an d f th t u t b
o cl e rF m t h st ss put
e a e rn a e ro e re
up x l t ti w g t h th t M ssi ic id s still c m
on e a a on e a er a e an ea o e
na tu lly t t h w i t s m i d but th y
ra o e c di g f m
r er
’
n ,
e a re re e n ro
th f e g u d d th th M ssi ic t m s
ore ro n ,
an b ut o er an e an er a re a o
t o repl c th m f pu p s s f i t p t ti
a e e Assumi g
or r o e o n er re a on . n ,
th p s t gl y f J sus t h w it s gu m t ’
th
en , e re en or o e ,
e r er ar en as
t o His p s l dig ity is g ssiv H g s b ck t

e r on a n re re e . e oe a o
th e igi l t u which
or na d s p ssibl th p s t
na re r en er o e e re e n
m j sty F m t h fi st Ch ist w c p bl f wh t H
a e . ro e r r as a a e o a e
no w is .
I th nx dium f t h fi st ch pt cc di gly Ch ist

e e or o e r a er, a or n ,
r
is t f th
se S or m which d fi s His
as tu
on , a na e e ne na re a s
i n ss ti l l ti t t h F th
e en a re a I th ch c t f
on o e a er . n e a ra er o
H is ff ulg c f G d s gl y
“
d th v y
’
S on , th e e e en e o o or an e er
i mp ss f His subs t c
re o If fi lg an e
“
e
’
u en ce or
re fl ct d b ight ss hi ts t ss ti l u ity b tw light

e e r ne n a e en a n e ee n
a t th c t e d light di ff s d
en re i m p ss an im g u e ,
“
re or a e or
f csi mil p i ts t dis t i ct ss i which

a e o n sid f t h
o a n ne n on e e o e
CH RI ST AS S ON 81
du lity is p f ct y t d p d t p ducti f th
a a er e , e e en en , re ro on o e
oth Th l gu g is
er .
1
d ubt th t f t h scho ls ;
e an a e no o a o e o
but th w it is m st f his t m s t th i sl v
e r er a er o er ,
no e r a e,
an d m uld th m t t h spi it of his xp sitio

ca n o e o e r e o n .
“
S on is its lf m t ph
”
d th pp s t b
e a e a or , an ere a ea r o e no
g d s why
oo p st lic w it sh uld t lucid t
rea on an a o o r er o no e a e
its m i g by th m t ph ic l xp ssio s cu t i
ea n n o er e a or a e re n rr en n
his w d y Th Divi pl c of t h S is sig lis d by

o n a . e ne a e e on na e
t h f ct th t i
e a 1 H is s id t uph ld ll thi gs by th
a n
3
e a o o a n e
w d f His p w
or o d i 1 is ctu lly dd ss do er, an n
8
a a a re e as
“
P ssibly i vi w f J wish b li fs to t h
”
G d o . o n e o e e e as e
m di ti e f a g ls t h w it is t sp ci l p i s t
on o an e , e r er a e a a n o
e mph sis th i i f i ity t t h S

a e Th y hidd
e r n e r or o e on . e a re en
to a d Him ; ore gl h v b mdS H

n o an e as e er e en na e on , a s e
is ,
pl c d
or G d s ight h d H is ls b v
a e on o
’
r an . e a o a o e
M s s o e d t h p ph ts an e ro e .
I spi t f this t
n sc d c J sus
e o th w m d ra n en en e, e on ear as a e
a littl l w th t h g ls e o er It w t mp y but an e an e as a e ora r
rea l humili ti f t h lif t which H st p d i His

a on , or e e o e oo e n
re d m p t iv pu p s f m d but
e e imp f ct m dium f
r o e or e an er e e o
His high b i g H ssum d fl sh t ly th t Her e n . e a e e , no on a e
might b pp h sibl but i d t su ff by t sti g

e a re en e, n or er o er a n
d th f v y m ; d th
ea or is m th
e er an an er e ore an on e
p th tic f c t th ig mi y f t h C ss N wh
a e r e e re n e o e no n o e ro . o ere
is t h w it s ligi us f li g m p t ti g th
e r er
’
re o ee n ore e n e ra n an
wh h i sists ( 2 ) th t t His c mi g i t th wo ld
en e n
14 — 16
a a o n n o e r
th S
e did t st p h lf w y but ch s
on nov it bl 0 a - a , o e a er a e
sh i a re l t Si c th
n ou r t h child o p tk s
.
“
n e en e r en a re ar a er
i fl sh
n d bl d H
e ls Hims lf i lik m
an oot k , e a o e n e a n n er oo
p t f th s m
ar o f v ily t f g ls d th H
e a e or er no o an e o e
t k h ld but H
a e t k t h h l d f t h s d f Ab h m
o ,
e a e o o e ee o ra a .
W e l d t a ret hi k f d sc t
e His p t v if
o n o a e en on ar ,
e en
no thi g is s id h n ls wh g di g t h fl t
a ,
er e or e e e re , r e ar n e e
'
ec on
His p vi us f m f xist c p oduc d by this sublim

re o or o e en e r e e
ac t Thus H b m High P i st
. d His c mpl t
e eca e r e an o e e
an d p f ct p i sth d is t h
er e utc m f His h vi g b
r e oo e o o e o a n een
m d lik m i l l thi gs i su ff i g i s lf bl ti
a e e en n a n ,
n er n ,
n e -o a on
1
Cf Fa i rba i rn , Ch r ist i n M od ern The ol ogy , 3 24
. .
82 ERS ON OF J ESUS C H R I ST
THE P
( )
7 27
ll l di
—a g up t ead culmi ti g
n i th t d t h d
o an na n n a ea an
victo y by which H v c m th d vil d cc mplish d

r e o er a e e e an a o e
t l s lv ti
a n e ern a G d t t h s l up
a a on His wo k o se e ea on r
by c w i g Him with gl y d h u
ro n n or an on o r
It h b h ld th t i H b ws t h t m S
as e en e a n e re e er
“
on
tks
a e c t i p cul tiv c l u d th t t h bvi usly
on a er a n S e a e o o r, a n a e O o
e thic l sig ific c f th m

a n an u s d by oth N w
e o e na e as e er e
T st m t w it s t ds t giv pl c t
e a en r er s s m en o e a e o a en e ore
explicitly m t physic l S m justic th m y b i

e a a . o e e ere a e n
this ; y t th disti cti f thic l d m t physic l is

e e n on o e a an e a a
no t which w
on e p ss t l st to th xt t f e ca n re , a ea e e en o
c st ui g th t w id s
on r n disp t lt tiv s It
e o ea as ara e a ern a e .
is b ggi g th qu sti t y th t b c us S
e n e e on o sa a e a e
“
on , as
a ppli d t J sus d t s p im ily

e o e , l ti f p ci l
en o e r ar a re a on o S e a
i tim cy d f ll wship t h psych logic l c ffici ts f

n a an e o , e o a oe en o
which w i e s m d g c c iv it c t ls
can n o e e r ee on e e, an n o a o
m ea n a re al ti which is ss ti l d t sc d t If
on e en a an ra n en en .
,
ll will c c d m F th is t i c p bl “
as a th on e e, e na e a er no n a a e
O f as s qu lly thic l d m t p h ysic l m y th s m

en e e a e a an e a a ,
a e a e
t b t u Th is th l gic l p sitivism
“ ”
no e f S
r ?
e o on ere a eo o a o
whic h w uld d y v t p st lic m

o en i t st i
e en o a o o en an n ere n
Ch ist such th t it l gs t k w Him i His w tu

r a on o no n o n na re .
It is l ss impl qu stio wh th i H b ws t h
a e S e e n e er n e re e
na m S
e is giv t th p xist t O
“
on en xclu o e re -e en ne or e
i l y to t h h ist ic J sus
s ve eO d cisi will st
or e . ur e on re on
m t i ls suppli d by th fi st ch pt
a er a e Th w it s e r a er . e r er
’
mi d cl ly st ts f m th S ship v l d by x l t
n e ar ar ro e on re ea e e a a
ti f ll wi g up t h c
on o o n f th ; this is st dily
on e a r eer o ear ea
b f h i s m i d t v y p i t But
e ore n a th i dic ti s
e er o n . a re ere n a on
th t h th ght ls f t h p i c t lif
a e ou a o o lif f e re - n arn a e e as a e o
S s h ip ? m s ys P of ss A B D vids
“
on Th e na e, a r e or . a on ,
is t di ctly giv t Him i His p xisti g st t

no re en o n re -e n a e,
but t h i f c th t it w pplic bl is i vit bl It

e n e ren e a as a a e ne a e .
w as th s m S i wh m G d sp k t u s th ugh
e a e on n o o a e o , ro
wh m H m d th w lds
o e a d th
e is e hi t or an ere no n
th t t h
a m S b c m t h p ss ssi
e na e onf Bi g e a e e o e on o a e n
l dy xisti g
a rea e His t i g i t th fl h
n on A d en e r n n o e es .
”
1
n
1
H ebrews, 7 4 .
84 ERS ON OF J ESU S CH R I S T
TH E P
O f His p ssi H is a w m cif l d f ithful High

on e no a er u an a
P i st i wh m t h f il
r e n d i ful
o su f symp th y
e ra an S n a re re o a
pu ch s d t g t p ic Just b c us th c su ff
r a e a a rea r e . e a e e on e er
i g J sus is ls t h E x lt d H d f t h Ch isti
n e a o s ci ty
e a e ea o e r an o e ,
th e id f imit ti is is d t t h sup m l v l of
ea o a on ra e o e re e e e
re ligi us f ith H is t h F u
o a . who h p ss d e e orer n ne r as a e
th ugh th h v s
ro e P i st ; H is t h b gi
ea en as our r e e e e n n er
an d fi ish n f f ith wh s c u s
er o f b v a du c w ,
o e o r e o ra e en ra n e e
m ust c sid wh t mpt d t f i t g w w y H

on er, en e e o a n or ro e ar . e
can h lp us i e su ff i g i sm u ch H h Hims lf
n ou r er n ,
na as e as e
b een a su ff but w liv s i gl y d u iv s l p w

erer no e n or an n er a o er .
Th w it s xp siti f Ch ist s d mptiv w k is ’

e r er e o on o r re e e or
i k pi g wit h t h c t lity of his th ugh t f S ship

n ee n e Iten ra o o on .
is S th t Ch ist disch g s p i stly f cti s s c i

as on a r ar e r e un on ,
a r
fi i g Hims lf i d th
c n d eft d th d su cti
n ea ,
an , a er ea an re rre on ,
t i g th ugh His w bl d p i st wi thi t h v il

e n er n ro o n oo as r e n e e .
I t h ch
n e ct f S ara ls H ff d Hims lf t G d
er o on , a o, e o ere e o o
th ugh ro l Spi i t ( 9 f
e t ern a T his st iki g ph s r
14
, O . r n ra e
a lm st m u ts t d fi iti f His tu ; it d t s
o a o n o a e n on o na re en o e
th t t h Spi it which dw lt i Him d m d Him wh t

a e r e n an a e a
H w e p v d t b i xti guish bl by d th d thus

a s, ro e o e ne n a e ea ,
an
en a bl d H i m to c y f v
e p i stly w k i t h
a rr on or e er a r e or n e
high s ctu y Th imp t c f this h v ly fu c

er an ar . e or a n e o ea en n
ti f t h w it s mi d is c di l But it t is
on or e r er
’
n ar na . oo
bsda e S ship
on It is S
on th t Ch ist i t c d s
. as on a r n er e e
(4 7
14 25
S H b s t h c m d s c ific
as on e ea r e on e— a e a r e
b f Gd
e ore b h lf H t s t h h ly pl c ;
o on ou r e a as e e n er e o a e as
S on H sits d w e th ight h d f G d
o n hi f
on e r an o o e r o
a ll thi gs d d sti d t
n ,
an pp s c d tim t th m
e ne o a ea r a e on e o e
th t w it f Him
a a Thus t h t ity d p f cti
or e e e rn an er e on
o f th w c v
e ne t o c f ll gu t d by th
o en a n a re n e or a a ran e e e
f ct th t Ch ist is S f G d
a a r on o o .
N v t h l ss t h
e er ti my w h v f u d i St P ul
e e , e an no e a e o n n . a
re tu s ls i th Ch is t l gy f H b ws O t h
rn a o n e r o o o e re . n e
on e h d th G dh d f C h ist is xplici t ly ss t d
an ,
e o ea o r e a er e .
Th S
e ctson C t a d th l ti s f c t d
as rea or , an e re a on O rea e
thi gs t G d
n m di t d by Him NO p f is gi
o o are e a e . roo ven
o f this which is i ,
its lf sig ific t But th oth
n e n an . on e er
TH E S U B ORD I NATI ON OF C HRI ST 85
h d t h G dh d
an ,
e u ci t d is c mp tibl with l
o ea so en n a e o a e rea
sub di ti or E v ywh
na th on S
. is vi w d er er e e on e e as
dp d t
e en th F t h f pp i t m t
en on hi f e a er — or a o n en as e r o
a l l thi gs f n c lli g H igh P i s t f or a n as r e or
re su c t i r re f x lt ti
on I 1 H is or e a a on n
6
e
d sc ib d wi t h ut qu l ific ti
e r e th fi t b
o N t a a on as e rs - orn . o
Ch ist but G d is t h fi l Judg f m

r ,
o Th S
,
s e na e o en . e on
’
pl c is t
a e but thno igh t h d f th th
on , f on e r an o ,
e ron e O
G d o Th t w vi ws
. th ; d th y must simply
e o e are ere an e
b e ck wl dg d It is idl t f
a no e e of th m t
. e o re er on e e o
Ch ist s d ity th th to His m h d A B u h

r
’
e , e o er an oo . s a r as
re m k d if th w ds This d y h v I b g tt Th
ar e ,
1
e or
“
a a e e o en ee
( 1 ) s
5
m t d fi ee Ch ist p sit
o d by G ed s will ne d r as o e o
’
,
an
th f i s s t mp l d ccid t l th m t ph s
er e ore n a en e e ora an a en a , e e a or
o f 1 pl i ly t ch th t th l ti ship is
3
as a n f ea a e re a on on e o
e ss ti l tuen This m y of c u s b c iticis d m

a na re . a o r e e r e u
f v u bly
a o ra u m di t d c ju cti of m t physic
as an n e a e on n on e a
an d hist y i which justic is dor n ith t th l gic l e on e ne er o e o a
ch ct f sp cul ti
a ra er to t h d m ds f x ct
o e a on n or e e an o e a
hist ic l i q ui y A m tt f f ct th du lity is
or a n r . s a a er o a , e a
S imply i di s ci bl f m t h Ch isti vi w f J sus

n s o a e ro e r an e o e .
F i t h is c scious f th p s l p s c of G d i Him
a on o e er on a re e n e o n
it is th f i vit bl th t H h uld b g d d lik

ere ore ne a e a e S o e re a r e a e
i n Divi
a t l sp c t implyi g s m h w
ne or e er n a l a e — n o e o a rea
p xist c
r e -e d i en sp ct f which H fulfils His
e— an n an a e or e
missi u d th c di t i s f ti m It m y tu
on n er e t th t on on o e . a rn ou a
th ti m y is i s lubl e by th ught ; but t h w it s f

e an no n o o e r er o
th eN w T st m t e t l st b y t u i sti ct i
e a en a ea O e a r e n n n
a ffi mi g b th
r stim t s v if th g u ds f th i
n o e a e e en e ro n o e r
or g ic u ity c t b m d pp t
an n an n o e a e a aren .
N m thi ks w it s i
O an v cuum d th n or r e n a a ,
an er e ca n
b e qu sti th t H b ws v ls th i flu c f
no e on a e re re ea e n en e o
Al x d ie th t c ucibl f ll c ds S m f th
an r a, a r e o a r ee . o e o e
w it s ph s s h v hist y b hi d th m Th is
r er
’
ra e a e a or e n e . e re a
sig ific t s mbl c b tw

n an his d sc ipti
re e f th an e e een e r on o e
S on d pith ts ppli d by P hil

an e d th e B k f a e o an e oo o
Wisdom t t h L g s Wisd m p
o ifi d
e P hil o o or o er son e
2
o
N 1
M 7
ea test Cf H l m
. N . 23 f .
2
. o tz ann, T The ol ogie , 11 . 29 4 .
86 RS ON OF J ES US C H RI S T
TH E PE
h d sp k
a f th L g s
o enth m di t b tw G d
o e o o as e e a or e een o
an d m th fi t b
a n , as c tu th ld st S f
e rs -
orn rea re, a s e O e on o
G do th, g
as i st u m t f c ti
e or an or d p vid c n r en o rea on a n ro en e .
But whil w c g is t h Al x d i voc b u l y it is

e e re o n e e e an r an a ar ,
quit mist k t i f f m this th t t h u d lyi g

e a en o n er ro a e n er n
syst m f id s is i ch c s th s m P hil i m
e O ea n ea a e e a e . o n co
p is with H b ws is
ar on w t u t wi e re I P hil as a er n o ne .
”
n o
th L g s fl ts v gu ly i
e o o m dium which is
oa ith a e n a e ne er
p s l
e r on a imp s l th u ity f subo di t l g i
n or er on a , as e n o r na e o o
th t p v d th w ld ; th s ul which h b c ught p
a er a e e or e o as een a u
in e cst sy d i iti t d i myst y m y disp s lt g th

a an n a e n er a en e a o e er
with th L g s ; G d is imp ss bly s v d f om t h w ld

e o o o a a e ere r e or
by gulf t h L g s ly
a b idg ; d t
e poi t is
o o on ca n r e an a no n
t h L g s id
e tifi d wi t h th M ssi h But i H b ws th
o o en e e e a . n e re e
M ssi ic S
e an wh d sig t d L g s d sc ds
on — no ere e na e as o o — e en
i t hist y
n o R d m or d th ugh as c a f e ee er, an ro a a reer o
t mpt ti d th d victo y b com s th g t High

e a on , ea ,
an r e e e r ea
P i st f m
r e by wh m l w c m t G d It is
o en , o a on e e o e o o .
cl th t wh lly w ligi us i t st is p d mi t
ea r a a o ne re o n e re re o n an .
Th uth f H b ws h c i d ov t J sus p dic t s

e a or o e re as a rr e er o e re a e
an d pith t s d w
e f m t h cultu d ph s l gy f his
e ra n ro e re ra e o o o
tim which pp to him p mi tly suit d to d cl

e a ear re -e nen e e a re
His g t ss With s v ig f d m h gu s th t
re a n e . a o ere n ree o e ar e a
wh t phil s phy h spi d t is giv i Ch ist W

a o o as a re o en n r . e
must t m k him sp sibl f m th this v b l

no a e re on e or ore an er a
d bt It is i d d di fficult t c c iv h w
e . n eepostolic o on e e o an a
w itr is t s tisfy c t i typ f c iticism L t him

er o a a er a n e o r . e
c t
rea e a n e w w ld f id s d h is i d g of b i g
or o ea ,
an e n an er e n
p o u c d u i t lligibl ; l t him
r no n e th ctg is f
n n e e e us e e a e or e o
his d y v th ugh b ptiz d i t h m f C h ist d

a ,
e en o a e n e na e o r , an
h is sc t d
e pl gi ist wh h
ou e thi g of his w
as a a ar o as no n o n
to y Th Ch ist f H b ws d s pl c t h P hil ic
sa . e r o e re oe re a e e on
L g s i which phil s phy h d it w b d mi g

o o ,
n o o a ,
as e re , een r ea n
o f S vi u ; but t st t t h
a a o r i t ms f t h oth o a e e on e n er o e er
is im p ssibl o e .
Th Ch ist l gi s f St P ul d f H b ws
e r o o e o . a an o e re a re
simil i m y i m p t t f tu s B th t ch th t
ar n an or an ea re . o ea a
Ch ist did t b gi t b t His thly i c ti but

r no e n o e a ear n arn a on ,
CH AP TE R V .
THE T GY O F T H E AP O CALYP SE
CH RI S O L O .
T HE vi w of C h ist which i spi s th Ap c lyps f J h

e r n re e o a e O o n
th D m i t i
e i d t s ms p v d
o ff s
an c p culi ly
a e ee ro e — o er a e ar
i t sti g study i c t sts O t h

n e re n h d wh t vn on ra . n e on e an ,
a e er
b its s u c s t h b k is
e o r e w ightly ,
g d d th e oo no r re a r e as e
p duct of
ro i t s ly J wish f m f Ch isti ity T
an n en e e or o r an . o
th e w it J sus is th t u M ssi h H is th Li
r er e e r e e a . e e on
o f t h t ib f Jud h
e r th eb ight m i g St th
o a e r , orn n ar, e
R t oo d Off sp i g f D vid ( 2
an wh s d sti y it is t
r n o a o e e n o
r ul th ti s with
e e na d of i ( 5
on t ) l l m if stly a ro ron
27
e c .
— a an e
Ol d T st m t p dic t s
e a O th en th h d re x lt d a e . n e o er an , so e a e
is oth v i i his c c pti th t B

an er e n t sp ks of
n on e on , a ou sse ea
it pp tly t h m st dv c d Ch ist logy i t h

as a ar en e o a an e r o n e
N w T st m t
e N e ught w t h stily to ss u m
a en . or o e oo a a e
th t this is d t P u li i flu c It m y p s t
a ue o a ne n en e . a re r e en
a l t i d p d t b ch f p i mi t iv f ith
a e n e en en r an o r e a .
H w co c d l ss with th igi s f th
e re e a re n e rn e e e or n o e
w it s symb lism th with t h imm s ig ific c

r er
’
o , an e en e S n an e
h he f c d it t c y His isi f J sus D

as or e o arr .
“
v on o e ,
”
r .
M ff tt h
o a s id c m to him th ugh
as a tm sph
,
“
a e ro an a o ere
o f t ucul t r d f t stic M ssi ism which w

en an sc c ly
an a e an ,
as ar e
lucid t l l p i ts d which t d d t f ct if t t
a a o n ,
an en e o r e ra no o
bl u t h w light Th i co sist ci s d i qu lit i s

r e ne er .
”
e n n en e an ne a e
f his u s g m i ly d t t h f ct th t t h w it s
“ ’
o a e are a n ue o e a a e r er
L U B
I TE RAT i fi RE — ou s s et ,M ff D e O en ba r u n g J oh a nn i s", 19 06 ; o att ,
P or t er, Messa ges of

”
Rev el a t i on , i n th e E xp os i tor s Gr eek Testa men t, 1 910
’
t he Ap oca l yp ti ca l Wr i ters, 1 90 5 ; B ri ggs, M essi a h of th e Ap ostl es ; P eak e,

in Ma n sfi el d Col l ege E ss a y s, 1 9 0 9 ; Sc m i ed el , J oh a n n i ne Wr i ti ngs , h
19 0 8 ; Ti t i us , D i e n eu tes ta men tli che L eh re von d er S eli gkei t, Ab t h eil . IV .
19 0 0 .
M E S SI A N I S M 89
Ch isti c sci us ss p t dly t ds t b k th gh

r an on o ne re ea e en o rea rou
f ms t
or w f its f ul ss P b bly th m t i ls
oo n a rro or ne . ro a e a er a
a t th uth s dispos l w uld h v b b tt

e a or
’
gd a o a e een e er a rra n e
h d this b
a ythi g l ss th th p s t ti f
een an n e an e re en a on o a
livi g R d m i h v
n e ee t h M ssi h f G d s p pl
er n ea en a s e e a o o
’
eo e
up th Th m f ct th t th M ssi h h d liv d
on e a r . e er e a a e e a a e ,
i v lv d
n o djustm t f M ssi ic c t g i s ; t h
e a r ea en o e an a e or e e
fu th f ct th t h h d su ff d d is m t th t
r er a a e a ere an r en ean a
m y h d t b sh p d
an a It is t h h v ly lif d
o e re a e .
” 1
e ea en e an
a ctivity f Ch ist th t ccupy th f g d lth ugh t h

o r a o e ore rou n ,
a o e
d ys f His fl sh
a o t wh lly fo g tt e Th m are no o r o en . e na e
J sus ccu s fi tim s twic i t h

e o r w f m i live e , e n e no a ar
ph s L d J s u s P imitiv th ught is v l d i
ra e,
“
or e . r e o re ea e n
th eJud istic pp l l ti s f th M ssi h

a a ls i th e a on o e e a ,
as a o n e
D i lic mi isc c
an e re lik u t n f m en e,
“
on e e n o a s on o an
”
E sch t l gic l f ms
a o o f qu t Th Ki gd m will b
a or a re re en . e n o e
e st blish d by th dv t f J sus t by t h d v l p
a e e a en o e ,
no e e e o
m t f s ci ty
en O Th p st is His ; b u t b v
o e . l l H is e a a o e a e
h ld f th futu ush i g i th d y f fi l t iumph

era o e re, er n n e a o na r
wh th s wh h v k pt His t stim y sh ll b m d
en o e o a e e e on a e a e
p i sts f G d d His Ch ist d ig with Him

r e o o an r ,
an re n a
th us d y s His v stm ts i 1
o an ea r . p i stly But e en n
13
a re r e .
th s s f v u it titl f J sus is t h L mb It
e eer
’
a o r e e or e
“
e a .
o ccu s tw ty i tim s
r en ig ific t d t uchi g
-n n e e as a S n an an o n
i d x f His d mi g w k d f th w d y t t d
n e o re ee n or an o e a e e en er
a d ti vok d by i t f t h bl d f t h l i L m
ora on e e , or e oo o e S a n ).
which pu g s i gu t s t l l th f ithful li k
r e s n, a ra n ee o a e a a e
vict y th ugh su ff i g d d th
or ro er n an ea .
Y t ll m m i s f t h p st
e a vi tu lly bs b d
e or e o e a a re r a a or e
i t h visi f J sus h v ly gl y d d ’
n e on o H wh w e ea en or . e o as ea
no w liv s t bl ss ed ul A d it is
o t g i g t
e f
an r e . n no o n oo ar
t y th t t h s g tt
o sa a d i His p is p ss s u pw d
e on u er e n ra e a e ar
f om p i t t p i t till i l l ss ti l w ys H is
r o n o o n , , n a e en a a , e
f kly id tifi d with G dh d d fills Divi pl c

r an en e o ea an a ne a e .
His p w is f sup i t t h g ls Om ip t c
o er ar er or o e an e . n o en e,
o m isci c
n d t ity
en e, sc ib d t Him H is
an e er n a re a r e o . e
th Livi g O wh s c q u st f th t mb g v Him
e
“
n ne
”
o e on e o e o a e
1
Gr eek Testa m e n t ,
’
E xp osi tor s v . 29 7 .
90 TH E P ERS ON OF J ESUS C H R I S T
the k ys f d th d H d s
e o lik J h v h ( P 7 )
ea an a e e e o a S
9
H s e ch s th i s d th h ts with y s lik
ea r e e re n an e ea r e e e a
fl m f fi ; t h s v spi its f G d
a e o re His ; H he e en r o o a re e as
p w t u l ck th s c ts f hum d sti y ( ch
o er o n o d e e re o an e n . an ,
i n th Ch ist ph y with which t h b k p s such is

e r o an e oo o en ,
t h g dlik
e o d v wh l m i g e andi c f His p s th t o er e n ra an e o er on a
th s f lls t His f t d d H is s u c d d
e ee r a a ee as ea . e o r e an en
o f l l xisti g thi gs
a e ssu m i g th ic with s l m ity t h
n n ,
a n r e o e n e
S p cific lly Divi

e a m th Fi st d t h L st d
ne na e,
“
e r an e a ,
an
imp ssi f bs lut t l p w is d p d by

'
th e re on O a o e e ern a o er ee en e
th e dditi l ci cumst c t h t t h w ds I m Alph

a on a r an e a e or ,
“
a a
d Om g b gi i g d d sp k by G d ”
an th e a, e e nn n an en ,
o en o
Hi ms lf i 21 e ls wh utt d by J sus ( 22 ) i
n
6
, are e e ere e re e
13
n
an mph sis d f m This m k s it vi tu lly c t i

e a e or . a e r a er a n
th t H is k d with G d t with fi i t d i s u ch
a e ran e o , no n u e, n
ph s s ra e th b gi i g ( p i cipl ) f t h c t i
as
“
e e nn n or r n e o e rea on
d th t H is c c iv d filli g this
”
o f G d o an a e on e e as n
pl c t lly t m ly ft His x lt ti
a e e ern a ,
no e re a er e a a on .
Withi this Divi sph His l ti to G d is

n ne er e , re a on o
th t f S ship I t h l tt t t h Chu ch f Thy ti

a O on . n e e er o e r o a ra
H d sig t s Hims lf d His w ds “ ”

S f G d
‘
e e na e e on o o ,
an or
m k f c m th
a e r e ere n c t My F th ( 2
e ore an on e o
“
a er
” 27
O c n e on ly H is d sc ib d th W d f G d
e e r e as
“
e or o o
a t k th t w
o en s m wh withi th
a g f
e are o e er e n e ra n e o
Jh io d Al x d i
a n n n e an id s E v if t h ph s is e an r ne ea . en e ra e
no t i t p l ti h w v t h tu f t h c t xt
an n er o a on , o e e r, e na re o e on e
sc c ly i vit s
ar e imm di tn u c diti l i d t i fi
e an e a e or n on on a en ca
ti with t h L g s
on c c iv d i t h P l gu t t h
e o o as on e e n e ro o e o e
F u th G sp l
o r o e .
T h ugh ut t h b k th p is of this Divi p s

ro o e oo e ra e ne e r on
a lity is ch d p ssi t ly I 1 9 th s is hidd

e oe a on a e . n
10
e eer en
w ship G d ly b u t t h Ap c lyps
or o on wh l h ps , e o a e as a o e ea
p f roo p f th t l dy t h d ti of J sus is
on roo a a rea e a ora on e
a disti ctiv f tu f C h isti

n e ligi this thly
ea re o r an re on , ea r
p xis b i g
ra m th e n fl x f th hom g p id
no ore an a re e o e a e a
on high U t Him th t l v th u s d w sh d us f m
. n o a o e , an a e ro
ou r si s by His bl d
n t Him b th gl y d t h oo o e e or an e
d mi i f v
o n on d v (1
or e This is cl s ly p ll l
er a n e er
” 5 °
o e a ra e
92 TH E P ERS ON OF J ESUS C H R I S T
u p ll l d ph s s
n ara e eth th f G d d f th ra e as
“
e r on e o o an O e
L mba .
” 1
A i th s st of th N w T st m t t h t
n e re e e e a en , e ra n
s cen d of J
e n ce His pl c withi th Divi sph esu s— a e n e ne ere
is still c mbi d with Vi w f His p s

o s u b di t
ne a e o er on a s or na e
t G d
o oH w v misl di g it m y b to y W l
. o e er ea n a e sa ,
as e rn e
d s th t i th Ap c lyps J sus is ly t h high st i

oe ,
a n e o a e e on e e n
th g t c m p y of m di t s ; h w v bvi u s th
e rea o an e a or o e er o o e
a uth s co victi th t i sc ibi g p is t J s s h

or
’
n on a n a r n ra e o e u e
c ot g t f
an n f o ugh i c w ds must still
oo ar or ar en o , S n e or
f ll sh t ; y t this P s
a or l u pp ch bl e d er on , a on e, na roa a e an
sup m is y t u if mly p s t d d p d t G d
re e, e n or re en e as e en en on o
th eF th I th
a p i g v s wh t v
er . d i gn e o en n er e , a e er r en er n
w ch s it is m d cl
e oo e, th t th v l ti which f ms a e ea r a e re e a on or
t h subj ct w
e gi t J sus Ch ist by God
e A d i 3
as ven o e r . n n
21
C h ist s is gl y is d pict d i s m
r
’
r en l s s th or e e as n o e rea en e e
o utc m d w d f His thly fid lity f H p mis s

o e an re ar o ea r e ,
or e ro e
to a l l wh ov c m sh i His w cqui d y l
o er o e a a re n o n a re ro a
pw o d judici l dig ity

er a n L fty His p siti is H a n . o as o on , e
stil l v ls Him s lf th x mpl f His p pl T

re ea e as e e e ar o eo e. o
o bj ct s m w it s d th t it is ly b c us J sus
e , as o e r er o, a on e a e e
is t G d th t H
no b c c iv d
o th p tt a f e can e on e e as e a ern o
h m ity d th t th m i g s p t ly f J sus d
u an ,
an a e na n e ara e O e an
G d vi tu lly disp v s t h th s b li f i His Divi ’

o r a ro e e au or e e n ne
sig ific c is t ssum th v y m tt i disput

n a n e, o a e e er a er n e .
Th es m m y b s id f th c t ti th t si c t h
a e a e a o e on en on a ,
n e e
gift f x lt ti is f d
o e Ch ist w c t b
a a on con erre on r , e an n o e
m t t t k s i u sly v i us th xp ssio s i which

ean o a e er o ar o o er e re n n
His igi l divi ity pp s to b ss t d W iss h

or na n a ea r e a er e . e as
p i t dly pli d t this th t so f f m

o n e re p siti e o ,
a ar ro on e o on
ne ut lisi g t h th it lly fu ish s its suffici t

ra n e o er, re a rn e en
g ou d N but H wh w Divi by tu c uld

r n . on e e o as ne na re o
sit upo t h Divi th n e ne ron e .

2
I t i s n ot a s i f t h e au t or h a d d eci d ed t h i s q
1 h u es t i on f
o C ri s t h
-worsh i
p
u n r e fl ect i v el y Th e i ss ue fil l ed h i s wh ol e mi n d His b ook i s a t rump e t
h f
. .
ca l l t o C ri s t i a n s t o wors h i p J esus a n d re use t o worsh i p t h e Roma n
E m p eror ( of Mofl a t t , op ci t 3 0 7
. . .
2
N T Th eol ogy, i i 27 7 . .
C H R I S T S U B OR D I N AT E T o GOD 93
H th ere , ls wh i t h p s t lic w iti gs

en , as e e ere n e a o o r n ,
th eCh isti vi w f J s s st ds fi mly

r an e f d o e u an r on a oun a
ti on f xp i c
o e It is t h i m p ssi m d by t h
er en e . e re on a e e
hist ic R d mor h ts su d d t Him j i d

e ee er on ea r rren e re o , o ne
t th c
o sci us ss f t h w lif i th Spi it which H
e on o ne o e ne e n e r e
c v ys t th m f m His pl c
on e o high To this J sus
e ro a e on . e
b l g th gl y d t h d mi i f v
e on e or d v an e o n on or e er an e er
”
N k w b tt th t h uth th t th
o on e ne e er an e a or a e
Ap c lypso a w b k f t h p pl
e as t f th a oo or e eo e, no or e
th l gi
eo o d th t th lit
an ,
1
y d my th l gic l d t ils
an a e era r an o o a e a
o f his symb lis m h v u ity but th t f t h ligi u s

o a e no n a O e re o
p ssi which mpl y d th m Th w it s Ch ist l gy

a on e o e e . e r er
’
r o o ,
”
it h b s id m y mi gl iv ly ch ic l m ts
as ee n a ,
a n e na e ar a e e en
lik th li f t h t ib f Jud h
e e on oth i sc pt e r e o a ,
or e ron e re
which d sh s ti s i pi c s with p cul tiv id s lik

a e na on n e e , S e a e ea e
t h fi st p i cipl
e r f c ti
r n th t l Divi w de O r ea on or e e er n a ne or
i t m tt s a t Wh t his Wo k
er no v ls is th t J sus is
. a r re ea a e
p ctic lly g t th
ra a
y ll th s w ys f
r ea e r p s t an a n or a e e a o re r e en
i g Him ;
n i th t h i m gi ti f t h J w
ne er th e a na on o e e n or e
phil s phic l f culty f th G k

o o a mb dy Him ; i
a o e r ee ca n e o n
th f ith
e d lif
a f th an s H h imp t c t
e o e eer e as an or a n e o
which ith is d qu t ; t h ly t u m f Him

ne er a e a e e on r e na e or
is which is b v v y m
on e a o e e er na e .
” 2
W l m
1
ern eh i h is gg i ( A f g ) h h b k
a
y be ri g t n su est on n an
'
e, 230 t at t e oo
is of lay ori gi n .
3
Den n ey , J es us a nd the Gosp el , 7 9 .
C H AP T E R V I .
T H E J O HA NN I NE C H R IS O L O G T Y
I
‘
HE w it f th F u th G sp l
r er th ovid c it e o r o e -on
e e en e
is still p ssibl t g d him J h th Ap stl

o e o re ar as o n e o e
1
h as xpl i d v y cl ly th pu p s f his w k I
e a ne er e ar e r o e o or . n
w ds which m y h v f m d t h c clusi f t h G sp l
or a a e or e e on on o e o e
as igi lly c mp s d h d cl s pl i ly Th s
or na o o e , e e a re a n :
“
e e a re
w itt th t y might b li v th t J sus is th Ch is t t h

r en a e e e e a e e r , e
S on of G d d th t b li vi g y m ight h v lif th ugh

o ,
an a e e n e a e e ro
His m na H f lt hims lf t b i
e
”
li wit h e e e o e n ne
p imi t iv Ch isti b li f Th p i t t which h p ss d

r e r an e e . e o n a e a e
b y d p i m it iv id s w
e on t i
r pl ci g th M ssi h e ea as no n re a n e e a
by t h L g s but i p c ivi g h w much is v tu lly

e o o ,
n er e n o e en a
i m pli d i M ssi hship J sus M ssi ic fu cti h

e n e a . e
’
e an n on e
c st u s u if mly i t m s f Divi S ship O t

on r e n or n er o ne on . r, o
put it th wis h f m ul t s M ssi hship i c t g i s

o er e, e or a e e a n a e or e
m or e u iv s l d bs lut w ki g b ck t th s
n er a an a o e, or n a o o e
ultim t p supp siti s which w b st fitt d t i m p ss

a e re o on ere e e o re
t h wid e c t mp y i t llig c
er on e ora r n e en e .
But th sp cific lly M ssi ic i t st is v

e t f
e a e an n ere ne er ou o
sight Thus i ch pt 1 A d w p ts t his b th

. n a er ,
n re re or o ro er
LI T E RAT U R E — Sc ot t , Th e F ou r th Gosp el , i ts P u rp ose a n d Theol ogy , 19 0 6

D rumm on d , Th e Ch a ra cter a n d A u th ors h ip of th e F our th Gosp el , 1 9 0 3 ;
S a n d ay , Cr i ti ci s m of th e F ou rth Gosp el , 1 9 0 5 ; Lut ger t , D i e joh a n n ei s ch e
Ch ri stol ogi e, 18 9 9 ; B a r t h , D a s J oh a n n ese va n gel i um u n ol d i e syn op ti s chen
E va n gel i en , 19 0 5 B W e i ss , D er joh a n n ei s che L eh r begr ifi , 1 8 6 2 H ol t zm ann ,
.
H a n d -K om men ta r3 , B d i v , 19 10 ; T i t i us , D i e n eu testa m en tl i ehe L eh r e v on

. .
d er S el i gkei t, Ab t h ei l i ii , 1 90 0 ; Sch m i ed el , J oha n n i n e Wr i ti n gs , 1 9 0 8 ;

. .
H ei t m ull er on t h e F our t h Gos p el i n D i e Sch rif ten ales N euen Testa men ts2
( ed J W e i s s), 19 0 7 Ki rn , a r t i cl e Logos , i n RE x i
”
h h
. . . .
1
T i s i s n ot m ea n t t o n ega t e t h e p os s i b i l i ty t a t a l a t er ed i t or or ed i t ors
ma y h a v e a rra nged t h e a p os t ol i c m a t eri al , or t h a t cert a i n pa ss ages i n t h e
Gos p el as we h a ve i t a re i n t h e wron g ord er .
94
96 TH E P ER SON OF E US
J S CH RI ST
Th e l ti f F th t S h d l dy b sig lis d i
re a on o a er o on a a rea e en na e n
a g t Sy ptic p ss g ( M t 1 1 ) i t ms which i v lv
rea no a a e
27
n er n o e
t h u iqu ss f J sus tu th t i p t t h ch g ’
e n en e o e na re , S O a n ar e an e
of mph sis is p p d f
e a At t h s m tim t h p re a re or . e a e e, e re re
t ti
se n a f Ch ist div g s f m th t of t h
on o ld G sp ls
r er e ro a e o er o e ,
i so f
n t h F u th G sp l
ar a s p s ts His disc u s
e o r o e re re en o r e as
re v lvi g lm st xclusiv ly u d His w p s

o n a o d th e e ro n o n er on a n e
re v l ti it c t i s H is lik th subj ct d bj ct
e a on on a n . e a e e e an O e
of His m ss g Thus t h G sp l p s with c fully

e a e
. e o e o en a a re
c st uct d P l gu th pu p s f which is t fli m th
on r e ro o e, e r o e o o a r e
t l G dh d f t h p s l W d wh b c m fl sh
e e rn a o ea o e er on a or o e a e e
i n J sus Ch ist ; d ( if ch pt 21 is by l t h d)
e r an a er a a er
‘
an
it vi t u lly cl s s
r a th s m t i th d i g y o e on e a e n o e, n e a or n cr
f Th m s My L d d my G d “
g t ”
o o a , I or an o n rea
m su h w v t h disti cti b tw th t w di gs
ea re, o e er, e n on e een e o rea n
is th t f f ct d th y Th fi st th G sp ls h d
a O a an e or . e r r ee o e a
pictu d Ch ist i His f mili h bit m g m

re r
y n a ar a a on en , a s an
l ok might bs v Him ; th f u th u d t k s t
on o er O er e e o r n er a e o
p t t b hi d this t its d p g u d If th y m v d
en e ra e e n
“
o ee er ro n . e o e
l W y withi f ct f J sus h m lif St J h ’

a a sth n e a o e u an e, . o n
o ff ser ticul t d vi w Of th l ti ship of Ch ist t

an ar a e e e re a on r o
God wh e f ll w d up i t its fi l implic ti s J sus

,
n o o e n o na a on .
1
e
is th Ch ist i th l st d h igh st s s f th t t m
e r , n e a an e en e o a er ,
b c us H is p im ily th E t l W d S c m
e a e e r ar e ern a or or on , o e
f th i hist y th p f ct m if st ti f th F th
or n or as e er e an e a on O e a er .
Th v i d l m ts f t h st y
e ar e e et h mi cl s f J sus en o e or — e ra e o e ,
His s yi gs His xp i c s
a n ,
so g d t f cus e er en e — are a rra n e as o o
light di ctly t h is Divi t u th E ch i cid t

,
th e re on ne r . a n en ,
ea ch disc u s v ls o w sp ct f J sus
r e, re t h Ch ist ea a ne a e o e as e r
wh is ls t h I c t S
o a o d b t h fi st
e ly n a rn a e on , a n ca n e e r on
b c us H is t h s co d C st t f c t this
e a e e e e n . on an r e eren e o
c t l i m l ds t h G sp l its si gul u if mity of

en ra a en e o e n ar n or
t on e a n d l gu ge an a .
1
B ot h i n s p i red by r eli gi ous con v i ct i on
rea d i n gs are S t J oh n s i nt eres t
’
h
. .
i n t h e God h ead Of J es us Ch ri s t wa s , a s Mr P urch as h a s n ot ed , n ot p i l o
h
.
s op i cal ; i t wa s i n t e n sel y p ra ct i ca l TO hi m Ch ri s t i an i t y m ea n t t h e l ov e
f
.
of God rea ch i n g or t h a n d s t oo i n
p g d own t o m en wa n d eri n g i n d ark n ess
( J oh a n n i n e P r obl ems ,
T H E J OH ANN I NE D I SCO U RSE S 97
g ds th uth ticity of th J h i dis

As re a r e a en e o an n ne
c u s s w ki g c mp m is is b i g sl wly ff ct d
o r e ,
a or n o ro e e n o e e e
b twe so bl m
e en reab th sid s A f w sch l s
na e en on o e . e o ar
w u ld still cl im f t h v g l ist quit lit l

o a or e e an e a e era
e x ctitud At t h th xt m l g b dy f w it s
a e . e o er e re e, a ar e o O r er
c t d th t t h t chi g f J sus i th F u th G sp l
on e n a e ea n O e n e o r o e
is lly xp si i phil s phic t ms f

rea an e stim t an on n o o er o an e a e
o f J sus which h e vi tu lly p i t of c t ct with as r a no o n on a
th p s k w t us f m th Sy ptics O this
e er on no n o ro e no . n
vi w t h p st lic uth ship is t f th qu sti

e ,
e a o o a or ou o e e on .
G du lly h w v th is g wi g up m di ti g p ty
ra a ,
o e er , e re ro n a e a n ar ,
wh o m l ss p p d t w iv th qu sti f
ar e ore or e re a re o a e e e on o
a uth ship but ior y c s c vi c d th t th

,
n an a e a re on n e a e
J h i wit ss f J sus t Hims lf is t b tt m bist i

O an n n e ne o e o e a o o or
c lly t ustw thy whil y t His ctu l w ds h v p ss d

a r or ,
e e a a or a e a e
t h ugh t h c l u i g m dium f t h w it s p s l ’
ro e o o r n e o e r er e r on a
re fl cti e His typ f xp si t i

on . u lik th t f th e o e o on , so n e a o e
Sy ptics is d
no t his h vi g th ,
ughly w k d v i t
ue o a n oro or e o er n o
his w styl his c ll cti s f wh t J sus s id d did

o n e re o e on o a e a an .
But it is i c dibl th t Ch isti p stl sh uld h v

n re e a a r an a o e o a e
t k li b ti s with th s lf c sci us ss f J sus W m y

a en er e e e -
on o ne o e . e a
sa y with H upt th t t h t chi g f J sus h

a uth tic a e ea n o e as a n a en
c mm t y b u d up with it
o en ar i Bu t s d m i bl
o n ,
or, n r on
’
a ra e
ph s th t th G sp l is s i s f hist ic l s m s ;
ra e , a e o e
“
a er e o or a er on
1
but i ith c s th e is vit l ccu cy Th p g t

n e er a e er a a a ra . e re nan
pict i l w ds f t h Sy ptics
or a gor th igi l o e no a re on e, e or na
m tt h l g ly b m lt d d c st i m m y y t
a er as ar e een e e an re a n e or , e
w f l fi l disc p cy b tw th M st s th ught ’
e ee no na re an e e en e a er o
w k ow it ls wh v g list s p t d ’
as e n d th e e ere an e e an e re or an
e xp siti o T uth l t by St J h
on . d th Chu ch
r ea rn . o n an e r
a ro nu d him th cl s f t h p st lic g w f lt
, ere e o e o e a o o a e, as e
t o h v l i f m th v y uts t i J sus w ds d i
a e a n ro e er o e n e
’
or ,
an n
t h light f this p c pti

e t h w ds th ms lv s ss u m d
o er e on e or e e e a e
a w sp ct
ne Thus w m y xpl i t h comp tiv
a e . e a e a n e ara e
a bs c f d v l pm t lik i J sus s lf v l t i
en e o e d
e o en a e n e
’
e -re e a on a n
th pp h si f it by t h discipl s Obj cts lly

e a re en on o e e . e rea
s p t i tim m g d i ch th u w s ; t th
e ara e n e er e n ea o er na a re o e
1
S h or t I n tr od ucti on to th e Gosp el s , 128 .
ev g list l ki g b ck
an e D oo S d y sugg sts t h
n a , as r . an a e , e
v luti y p oc ss w f sh t d
e o on a r r e as ore or en e .
1
It is xi m th f th t th p stl s vi w f
an a o , ere ore , a e a o e
’
e o
Ch ist h d p ss d th ugh ich d f uitful p c ss f

r a a e ro a r an r ro e o
t sf m ti
ra n or W a im gi spi itu l f c s which
on .
2
e ca n a ne r a or e
m y w ll h v
a e p duc d t h ch g Such w his
a e ro e e an e . e re
f ll wship with t h x l t d L d ; t h c mm f ith f

e o e e a e or e o on a o
th e livi g d su ff i g Chu ch ; th ch ll g f t h
n an er n r e a en e o e
wistful ligi us l gi gs which p v d d th G cc

re o on n er a e e ra o
R m o w ld ; t l st p h ps t h t chi g f St
an or no ea , er a , e ea n o .
P ul wit h which h
a , must h v b f mili U l ss e a e een a ar . n e
exp i c is s m thi g f which G d

er en e m k o e n o o ca n a e n o u se ,
th s i flu c s mus t h v p t d
e e n en e St J h s l a e o era e on . o n
’
reco
l cti s f t h hist ic J sus d h v t d d t v k

e on o e or e an a e en e o e o e
an v p f u d pp h si f His sup m ligi s

e er ro o n er a re en on o re e re ou
sig ific c Th F u t h G sp l is th f d m t lly

n an e . e o r o e en un a en a
th w k fe or p stl wh i t h v i g f lif d
o an a o e, o, n e e en n o e, a n as
a p t st g i st t h id lisi g t d cy which s ught t

ro e a a n e ea n en en o o
tu C h isti ity i t
rn r g up f bst ct c c pti s
an n o a ro O a ra on e on ,
m d k w t t h Chu ch th i t uiti h h d g i d f
a e no n o e r e n on e a a ne o
th t l v lu f t h hist ic L d His u iqu l ti

e e e rn a a e o e or or — n e re a on
t G d
o u c t d S His l ti t m
o as n rea e ss ti l on , re a on o en a s e en a
Lif d T ut h Th ugh ut h st iv s to c v y th t t l
e an r . ro o e r e on e e o a
imp ssi f this Ch ist Th s c t f his G sp l li s

re on o r . e e re o o e e
i its u iq
n c mbi ti f hist y with cl igh t d f ith
n ue o na on o or ea r -S e a .
It b l gs t cl ss f w iti gs which m y b d sc ib d
e on o a a o r n a e e r e as
no t m ly h ist ic l but p ph tic d h t h qu liti s

ere or a ro e ,
an as e a e
ra th f p t it th
er o a ph t g ph A it h b
or ra an a o o ra . S as een
e xp ss d fi ly Th g t ss f t h F u th G sp l
re e ne : e r ea n e o e o r o e
c sis t s i this th t it t k s us b ck t t h livi g P s

on n ,
a a e a o e n er on
o f J sus e t h ultim t f cas i Ch isti itye Th w a e or e n r an . ere as
a d g i t h p i d im m di t ly f ll wi g th p st lic
an er n e er o e a e o o n e a o o
a
g th
e t t h ligi
a f Ch ist w
e uld s c
res t b on o r o oon ea e o ea r
y vit l l ti t its f u d J h p c iv d th t — e a a
an a re a on o o n e r o n er e
re ligi thus s v d f m C h ist Hi m s lf w uld b

on e ere ro r e o e
e m pti d f its e l c t t d pw
o It w t h lif
r ea on en an o er . as e e
Cr i ti ci s m f
o th e F ou r th Gosp el , 15 7
hm f h
.
2 26 26
He is i sel con sci ous O f t is 14 15
10 0 TH E P E RSON OF J ES US CH RI ST
a w ddi g p ty c iv s dvic
e n - ar t His c duct c s
,
re e e a e as o on , are
f orHis m th wi th His l t st b th H ff s p y
o er a e r ea . e O er ra er .
H is subj ct m
e v t t h li m its f thly xp i c ;
e ,
oreo e r, o e o ear e er e n e
f lth ugh m th
or a o c v y m k bl k wl dg is
or e a n on e er re ar a e no e e
a tt ibut d t Him y t d fi it d t ils such His i qui y

r e o , e e n e e a , as n r
re g di g t h pl c f L z us t mb m k it impossibl t
ar n e a e o a ar
’
o ,
a e e o
sa y th t H is da pict d me isci t e e as o n en .
His ss f tu with us is p ci lly xhibit d i

on en e o na re S e a e e n
His u if m d p d c G d H p ys t G d His
n or e en e n e on o . e ra o o as
F tha d giv s th ks th t His p y

er, a n is lw ys h d
e an a ra er a a ea r
Th will f G d is th ugh ut t h
e suc d o o ro o e o r e an
b ckg u d f His missi t th w ld C s c t d d

a ro n o on o e or . on e r a e an
s t by th F th
en He p ks ly th s thi gs
a er e S ea on o e n
which H h s d h
e d f Him
as it is xp ss d
e en a n ea r o , or , a s e re e
in on e pl c t h F th a e, h t h t ught M
“
as H e a er a a e e
is i f ct c mmissi d d puty t wh m b th w ds
n a a o on e e o o o or
d w ks h v b giv His high k wl dg “ ”

an or a e een en . er no e e
is d sc ib d e b i g His by c mm u ic ti
r e as d H e n o n a on , an e
c f ss s th t H
on e e d thi g f Hims lf b u t th t
a e ca n o no n o e a
which H s s th F th d e ee K wl dg de a er o no e e an
p w qu lly m di t d th ugh t h Spi it N t ly

o er e a a re e a e ro e r . o on
so ; His l ti t G d is s m h w c diti d by His

re a on o o o e o on on e
m l ttitud
ora a H th t s t M is wi t h M ; H h th
e .
“
e a en e e e a
no t l ft M e l ; f I d lw ys th thi gs th t
e a on e or o a a e n a a re
pl si g t H i m
ea n o d g i th f d th th ”
an a a n :
“
er e ore o e
F th l v M b c us I l y d w M y lif
a er o e e, But
e a e a o n e
”
this hum d p d c an th th h d ise en m en e, on e o er an ,

no e re
c mm pl c f ct w hich might h v imply b t k

o on a e a a e S e en a en
for g t d it is f t h ss c f this u iqu lif ; it

ra n e : o e e en e o n e e
fl ws ulti m t ly f m His sp ci l d u sh d So ship

o a e ro e a an n a re n ,
an d is t h f m f th t sp ci l S ship u d t h c diti s
e or o a e a on n er e on on
O f hum xp i c Th t H sh uld d Divi w ks

an e er en e . a e o o ne or on
e ar th sults f m His i gul

re l ti t t h F t h
ro S n ar re a on o e a er .
Th pw
e o c ss y f His v c ti is giv f m d y
er ne e ar or o a on en ro a
to d y but it is
a ,
ly b c us H is S th t H on e a e e on a e ca n
c iv it
re e e .
Whil th f t h mutu l l v
e d k wl dg
e r e or e f e a o e an no e e o
F tha d S
er an i sist d th l ti ship is t
on a re n e on , e re a on no
TH E H U M ANI TY OF J E SUS i i
i not
'
such i v lv simpl qu li ty Th S is d p d t
as to n o e a e e a . e on e en en
a t ch p i t
ea th F th but it w uld b g v ly
o n on e a e r, o e ra e
u f ithful t St J h s i t p t ti t sp k f t h
n a o . o n
’
n er re a on o ea o e
F tha bi gdp d t
er a s th
e n S Th mi se en en on e on . ere r e a n a
t u subo di ti
r e hum subj ctio
r na d ( it w )
on , a an e n an as ere
i f io ity
n er r J sus sid Wh t h f qu tly b
,
on e
’
e . a as re en een
miss d h w v is th t this sub di tio is d pict d

e , o e er , a or na n e e
as xp ssi g its lf i m d s which

e re n pu ly thic l
e n o e ar e re e a .
It is m di t d th t is by uth tic hum m t iv s

e a e ,
a ,
a en an o e ,
d si s p y s cts f submissi n d c mpli c

e re ,
ra er , a d o o an o an e, an
no thi g c uld b mo i cc u t th t g d it
n o e re na ra e an o re ar as
ne ec ssit t d by t h i h t p p rti s f m t physic l

a e e n eren ro e e o a e a a
Divi subst c ne
“
illust ti g th igid s lf c t i g
an e
”
or as ra n e r , e -a n
ctg is f
a e or e a p i i t l gy T ss t th t th
O an r or on o o . o a er a
“
e
m l tt ibut s t ust pity f giv ss i fi it sy m p thy

ora a r e ,
r , ,
or en e ,
n n e a ,
are pl c d by c t i m t physic l t t ibut s which

re a e er a n e a a a r e ,
a re
supp s d t b l g m
o e ss ti lly t t h Divi
o e on tu ore e en a o e n e na re ,
”
is t t i t p t wh t th v g list h w itt but

no o n er re a e e an e as r en ,
to imp s himo e us m d th y It is
on an erron eo o ern eor . a
rea di g f t h f cts wh lly t f k pi g with th

n o e a o ou o ee n e
ch ct f O wh wh
ara er o xh ti g t h discipl s t
ne o, en e or n e e o
k p His c mm dm ts c uld p mis th t th by th y

ee o an en o ro e a er e e
w l d bi d i His l v v
ou a e I h v k pt My F th s
n o e, e e n as a e e a er
’
c mm dm ts d bid i His l v
o an en , d wh i
an a e n o e
”
an o, n
an o th pl c is p s t d
er a t ti g t h F th
e, to gl ify
re en e a s en r ea n e a er or
Him with t h gl y which h d b His b f r t h w ld

e or a een e o e e or
w as M t physic l tt ibut s i y s s i which

e a a a r e ,
n an en e n
th y e p s td
a re re pp s d t thic l tt ibut s
re en e as O o e o e a a r e , a re
i l v t t such situ ti
rre e an oAll t h p dic t s fli m d a a on . e re a e a r e
o f J sus by Hims lf
e f fu d m t lly ligi us typ ; e a re o a n a en a re o e
th y e m t t st t p s l l ti s hum ly
ar e ea n o a e er on a re a on an ,
so
th t hum s uls m y l y h ld up th ly t u G d
a an o a a o on e on r e o
i n His S J sus Ch ist

on , Th Ch is t f t h F u th
e r e r o e o r
G sp l th is t uly m
o e , en , with us i l l p i ts r an , on e n a o n ,
e xc pt i Th s c t f His u iqu ss li s i
e s n . e e re o n en e e n an u n
p ll l d l ti t t h F th
ar a e e re a M b child r
on o e a er . en ca n e en
o f G d ly by t h w bi th ; J sus is t h S of G d
o on e ne r e e on o
by t l tue ern a This c mbi ti f p s l u iqu

na re . o na on o er on a n e
10 2
‘
W WTH E rE Rs ON OF J E S S CH RI S T
“
'
U
ne ss with hu m d p d c is put v y st iki gly i an e en en e er r n n
5 26
wh ,
ch sid is b ught t lt t ly A t h
ere ea e ro ou a ern a e :
“
s e
F th h th lif i Hims lf v
a er a g v H t th S e n e , e en so a e e o e on
a ls t h v lif i Hi m s lf Th p w t imp t lif

o o a e e n e .
”
e o er o ar e
is d iv d p w ;
a er th th h de imp ti g i t
o er on e o er an ,
as ar n ,
J s u s is f m th t which
e or b s v G d th
en a n on e can e a e o — e
s u c f lif t l I lik m
o r e O H d s et hi g e ern a . n e a nn er, e oe no n
b u t wh t H s s th F th d y t H d s th s m
a e ee e a er o, e e oe e a e
w ks th F th
or as e a er .
Lik t h Sy ptic w it s t h F u th v g list

e e no r er . e o r e an e
re p s ts J sus s ki g by hum f ll wship t t i

re en e as ee n an e o o ra n
th discipl s i t spi itu l c c pti f His pu p s

e e n o a r a on e on o r o e .
By d g s u d His i flu c th y b c m w th t
e ree ,
n er n en e, e e a e a ar e a
t h gift H
e d si d t imp t w Divi e d u iv s le re o ar as ne an n er a ,
na m ly t h p ss ssi
e f p f ct lif i u i
, e with Hims lf
o e on o er e e n n on e .
A c uci l st g i th i p g ss is d t d f m St P t s
’
r a a e n e r ro re a e ro . e er
w ds W h v b li v d d k w th t Th u t t h
or :
“
e a e e e e an no a o ar e
H ly O f G d
o ne d it is ig ific t mi
o o an a S n an n or
d t il t stifyi g t t h subst ti lly hist ic l ch ct f

e a , e n o e an a or a a ra er o
th e tiv th t th is
n a r ra i t usi t this p i t f
e, a er e no n r on a o n O
th id s f t h L g s
e ea th t l S ship Th
o e o o or e e ern a on .
1
e
discipl s c mi g t c g is t h M ssi h but th y

e a re o n o re o n e e e a , , as e
r is to ligi us poi t of Vi w t h m is ss u mi g
e a re o n e , e na e a n a
ne w c t t on en .
disti ctiv m f J sus i t h F u th G sp l

Th e n e na e o e n e o r o e ,
h w v is t h S f G d m b i fly d si m ply
“
o e er, e on o o , or, ore r e an ,
as i t h Sy ptics
n th S e A t l st thi ty tim s H
no , e on . ea r e e
empl ys t h ph s M y F th
o i cc si s wh
e ra e a er,
”
on n ne o a on en
sp ki g t G d di ctly ; s v t tim s by t h l w st
ea n o o re e en een e , e o e
es t im t H d sig t s Hi m s lf S
a e, S
e f G d e na e e on
”
or
“
on O o .
I th J h
n i
e w iti gs d th ugh ut t h N w T s t
O a nn n e r n , an ro o e e e a
m t en wh l t h p im y f c f t his m is cl ly
as a o e, e r ar r e eren e o na e ear
en o ugh t t h hist ic P s k w o d m mb de or er on , no n an re e ere
withi th d m i f hu m f ct S f th it d t s
n e o a n o an a . O ar en en o e
Th 1 wh g d hose hG p p l h l m
o re ar t e F ourt os el as a hi oso
p i ca ro an ce or a
t h es i s i n t h eol ogy m a y st il l d o well t o r ea d t he e s sa

y a
pp en d ed by Ren a n
t o h i s Vi e d e J es us ( ed .
10 4 TH E P E RS ON OF J ES US CH RI S T
I n th e b gi i g ( 1 cf G 1 ) H h d b th W d
e nn n
1
, . n
1
e a een e or
with t h F th E c mi g f m h v H h d liv d
e a er . re o n ro ea en e a e
a lif s m h w ch c t is d by spi itu l l ti hips

e o e o a ra er e r a re a on s
it w t s m imp s l m m t t d cy
as no o e er on a o en or en en
i G d which h d t k
n o fl sh d dw lt m g m but a a en e an e a on en ,
th S
e t l bj ct f th F th s l v
on , e e rn a d o e o e a er
’
o e an
p ss ss d th by f p f ct k wl dg f th F th
o e e ere o a er e no e e o e a er
w hi ch w c p bl f p d ci g its lf i His t hly

as a a e o re ro u n e n ea r
co sci us ss A
n o wh s pl c is i t h F th s
ne . S on e o e a e n e a er
’
bsm o o H p s ts G d i p p i p e H re en o n ro r a er son a . e
k ws G d th u s b c us H h l w ys k w Him
no o e a e e as a a no n so .
I sp k t h thi gs which I h v s with M y F th ;

ea e n a e ee n a er
”
no m h th sc d d i to h v b t H th t d sc d d
an a a en e n ea en , u e a e en e
f h v Num us th s li t p ss g s dw ll”
ou t o ea en . e ro o er a en a a e e
on this p i lif f S ship T t h J ws qu sti

r or e o on . o e e
’
e on
wh H will g th t th y c t com H
e re e sw s o a e an n o e, e an er ,
“
I mf m b v
a ro I th myst i us d cl ti
a o e
”
n e er o e ara on ,
B f Ab h m w I m
e or e t h t s is pp
ra a t ly a s, a
”
e en e a a re n
ch s t d t
o en f o hum p ch p mits t h
en o e, as ar as an S ee er , e
ti m l ss d u b c mi g t ity f His i m st b i g
e e an n e o n e er n o n o e n .
A d i t h upp
n n m H sp ks t t h F th
e f th
er roo , e ea o e a er o
“
e
gl y which I h d with T h b f t h w ld w
or a ee e ore e or as
an d p ys th t it m y b
ra st d t Hi m Y t t h
a a e re ore o . e e
m i bj ct f th s st t m ts is t t m k c t i
a n o e o e e a e en no o a e er a n
sp cul tiv p dic ti s i

e a e c ll d m t physic l i t st
re a on ,
n a S O- a e e a a n er e ,
but t xhibit J sus th fi l l ti f th F th

o e e as e na r eve a on o e a er .
This is th piv t l d g is g id i St J h se o a an or an in ea n . o n
’
th l gy W
eo o th
. c victi i his mi d th t
e ca n see e on on n n a
n on e ca n v l p f ctly s v H wh i th t which H
re ea er e a e e o s a . e
re v ls I His ss ti l l v cc di gly th F th
ea . n e en a o e, a or n , e a er
h as p u d f th His b i g i J sus th t p ishi g

o re or e n n e ,
a a er n
wo ld m y h v lif th ugh Him B li v s t th u t

r a a e e ro . e e e o no ,
J sus sks th t I m i th F th
e a ,
“
d t h e F th
a i a n e a er an a er n
M ? Th w ds th t I
e e
y u t y I sp
or k t f m a sa n o ou ea no ro
M ys lf b t t h F th bidi g i M d t h His w ks ”
e : u e a er a n n e oe or
It h b u g d th t J sus cl im t p xist t
as een r e a e
’
a o a re -e en
k wl dg of G d must duc His thly xp i c

no e e o re e e ar e er en e
J ES US TH E F I NAL RE V E LA T I ON 10 5
to m s mbl c C uld H l
ere e wh t p vi usly
an e . o e e arn a re o
H h d k w ?
e a O th th h d
no nw p p d n e o er an , a re e re are
t oc c iv t h lif f G d d f m
on e e e t t lly e o o an o an as so o a
disp t i thic l d spi itu l ch ct th t wh t

ara e n e a an r a a ra er a a
p t i s by igi t t h
er a n m y ort p duc n o e on e a no re ro e or
m di t its lf g ic lly i
e a e ed th ugh t h or th ?an a n an ro e o er
A re divi ity d hu m i t y t b thus d fi d by mutu l

n an an o e e ne a
e xclusio ? If t th m y bn thi g s lf c t
no , ere a e no n e - on ra
di t y i
c or th vi w th t J sus k wl dg f G d w
n e e a e
’
no e e o o as
e xp im t l i ki d m di t d th t is by t h
er en a n n — e a e , a , e nu
m su d gift t Him of t h Spi it

ea re cti g
o d e r ,
as a n on an
i t p ti g t His mi d t h
n er re n m l d v l pm t f His
o n e n or a e e o en o
o w l ifn whil y t its d p st f u t l y i His t l

e— e e ee e o n a n e ern a
bi ge n th S as T t k th p ll l c s f lov
e on . o a e e ara e a e O e,
it is f qu t sugg sti i th F u th G sp l th t
a re en e on n e o r o e a
J sus th ugh l v d t lly

e , o S k ps Hims lf
o e e ern a as on , ee e
i
n th l v f G d by d i g His will This is
e o e o o o n .
“
an
a ss ti f th ultim t t uth th t th u i f J sus

er on o e a e r ,
a e n on o e
with G d d p ds o m l c di t i s ; t th t th ugh
e en on ora on on no a ro
His c duc t H h d i t h fi st i st c t g i His

on e a n e r n an e o a n
F th s l v i t w th f om t h b gi i g but th t
a er
’
o e— as ere r e e nn n — a
H e ca n t i it ly th
re a n c diti th t H m k s on on e on e on on , a e a e
t h wil l f G d His w s m such w y w m y ” 1

e o I o o n . n o e a e a
c c iv His thly lis ti f t h p f ct k wl dg

on e e e ar r ea a on o e er e no e e
o f G d o Ap t f m
. th y mo arl ss th s li sro a eor re or e on e e ne ,
th e v g list must h v h ld th t i t h
e an e c ti uity a e e a e er no on n
or n o di ff c bt i d b tw th p xist c f t h
ere n e o a ne e een e re -e en e o e
S on d His
an thly lif Hum it i ism d c tism
ea r e . an a r an or o e
w uld h v b f c d up h i m
o a e e en or e on .
Th c clusi s t which w
e on iv g di g th on a e a rr e re ar n e
hist ic ccu cy f th J h i disc u s s is f c u s

or a ra o e O an n n e o r e o o r e
t b
o ppli d ls t J sus c d d w ds b ut His p
e a e a o o e
’
r e or e or a o re
t mp l b i g It w uld s m th t t h s w ds w
e ora e n . o ee a e e or e re
utt d i x lt d h u s f f li g wh
ere n e a e L d s s lf o r o ee n , en our or
’
e
c sci us ss xp d d t l g t h d d pth d h ight

on o ne e an e o a en an e an e
th t p ss s u d st di g A w l ist w h
a a e n er ly an n . s e en , e ear on
th epl g f t h l d i to u f t h m bl w t s It is
un e o e ea n n a o a e a er .
1
J . Wei s s ,
Ch r i s t : the B egi n n i ngs f
o D ogm a , 1 5 6 .
p ssibl
o d we, h v t ll w f t h p ssibility i
an e a e o a o or e o n
ou r i t p t ti th t l ps f ti m m y h v lt d
n er re a on , a a e o e a a e a er e
light d h d i th p stl s m m y O f ls it
an S a e n e a o e
’
e or . ne ee
sc c ly c dibl th t J sus sh uld h v p k

ar e re e th a e o a e S o en on e
s u bj ct oft
e SO cl ly t b t c i t lligibl
en or so ea r as o e a on e n e e
t
o th g t bulk f His udit s ; f th wis t h
e rea o a or or o er e e
S il c f t h fi st th G sp ls is igm tic O th
en e o e r ree o e en a . n e
o th h d whil H m y h v displ y d m k d
er an , e e a a e a e a ar e
re tic c en this th m
e on th t f His M ssi hship w e e , a s on a O e a , e
hv a e s to b li v th t H p k g di g th
r ea on e e e a e S o e re ar n e
an e et c d ts f His lifen th with such sig ific c

o e on ear n an e
th t t h b di g v g list l t b c m c sci us f
a e r oo n e an e a er e a e on o o
th e cl im t p xist c impli d i His w ds ; p

a o r e -e en e e n or a re
e xist c t f id l typ but l d p s l

en e no o an ea e, r ea an er on a .
Th l st st g f J sus p t d i t p t ti f S ’
e a a e o e re or e n er re a on o on
ship is p s t d by His p dic t i f t h gl y t b

re re en e re on O e or o e
re s u m d by Him ft d th d f His bidi g pi itu l

e a er ea , an o a n S r a
p s c with t h discipl s ( h 1 3 ff ) R su cti w uld

re en e e e c . . e rre on o
m k His t c
ar l g u s lif f f m th
e n ra n e on a ar er, n ee n e, r ee ro e
limi t s f ti m o sp c d this i v lv d ch g i th
e or a e, an n o e a an e n e
dig ity f J sus p s

n o t l st i e th s s th t it
’
e r on a ea n e en e a
c f d
on e rr e Him m ip s c
on d u iv s lity f an o n re en e an n er a o
i flu c H h d l ck d
n en e e th W h v s th t
a a e on ea r . e a e een a
S ship i
on i iti l c t t w
, n n l ti wit h G d f
a on e n ,
as a re a on o o
u qu ll d l v d i tim cy This is wh t w l dy
ne a e o e an n a . a e a rea
fi d i
n th n Sy ptics th ugh ve th no Titius h : o e en er e , as as
re m k d th bs lut t with which t h

ar e , e a m S o e on e e na e on
is us d i M t 1 1e ntu lly sugg sts m t 25 11

na ra e a ore ran
s cen d t b ckg u d f m
en a i g But w th F u th
ro n o ea n n .
1
no e o r
G sp l p cl ims th t J sus
o e ro th
a S is v tu lly a e as e on e en a
to h i th m ipot c
S a re n d bs lut ss f G d
e o n en e an a o en e o o
Hims lf Thus i th d lib t ly ch s l gu g f

e . n e e era e o en an a e o
13 3
:J sus k wi g th t t h F th h d giv ll thi gs
“
e , no n a e a er a en a n
i t His h ds d th t H c m f th f m G d d
n o an ,
an a e a e or ro o ,
an
g th u t G d th is
oe n o c vi ci g s f
o ,
”
ere no on n n rea on or re
t i ti g
s r c ll thi gs
n
“
t th
a ph f p f ct nv l ti o e S e re o er e re e a on ,
so a s t xclud m ip t c i th full s s N is i t
o e e o n o en e n e en e . or
vom Rei ch Gottes , 1 18

1
J esu L eh re .
Of its w sig ific c o n n an e, bcmse o e an e xplicit f ith a in

His divi ity n .
c clusi s up t this p i t
Our on th wh l on o o n a re on e o e
c fi m d by St J h s us g f t h titl S f m
on r e . o n
’
a e o e e
“
on o an .
”
It is st iki g mi d t il th t
a r i thn Sy ptics n or e a a ,
as n e no ,
this m is mpl y d s l ly by J sus It ccu s s m

na e e o e o e e . o r o e
tw lv ti m s But th cc t h hift d slightly f m

e e e . e a en as S e ro
His v c ti t His p s ; th t by usi g t h ph s

o a on o er on so a n e ra e
i h m y with his l fty Vi w f L d s tu th ’

n ar on o e O ou r or na re , e
e v g list st iv s t b i g t t h u iqu ss f J sus p s

an e r e o r n ou e n en e o e
’
er on
a lity A i th fi st th G sp ls w
. s n still t c its
e r ree o e , e ca n ra e
p imitiv M ssi ic s s Thus i 1 2

r e e qu sti put
an en e . n
34 —
a e on
by th multitud e Ch ist d S f m eus d r an on o an

”
ar e e
i di ff tly I th Sy ptics
n e ren . w hv s tw
n e no ,
as e a e een , o
typ s f p ss g ccu i which J sus p ks f t h S f

e o a a e o r n e S ea o e on o
; th y llusi s ith ( ) t His thly w k

”
m an e a re a on e er a o ear or ,
an d sp ci lly t
e His p ssi
e a
( b) t t h gl y f His o a on , or o e or o
P a rousi T ki g th i v s d it pp s th t lth ugh

a . a n e n e r e or er , a e ar a a o
th e na m is wh i t h F u th G sp l put i l ti
e no ere n e o r o e n re a on
to th S c d C mi g t h
e m j ity f p ss g s wh
e on o n , e a or o a a e e re
it ccu s f quit sp cific lly t J sus x lt ti ( 3

o r re er e e a o e
’
e a a on
13
6 62
t ) e c to His b i g gl ifi d ( 1 2
. or It is e n or e
23
impli d th t t sc d t gl y w its t h S f m
e a ra n en en or a a e on o an ,
an d b fits His p s e ; d this is pl i ly xp si e r on an a n an e an on
o f sid f t h Sy ptic id
on e e Th s c d typ
o f e no ea .
1
e e on e o
Sy ptic llusi d li g with J sus w k th d ’

no a on , ea n e or on ear an
with th p ssi it i v lv s is ls p s t d i th F u th
e a on n o e ,
a o re re en e n e o r
G sp l It is p s t d f x m pl by s yi gs which
o e . re re en e ,
or e a e, a n
d sc ib th S f m
e r e givi g m t th t du th t
e on o an as n ea a en re o
e v l sti g lif
er a tt ch t l lif t ti g His
n e or a a e e rn a e o ea n
fl sh d d i ki g His bl d
e an r n d cl th t H n oo or e a re a e
m u st b lift d up e
“
e
I t will b bs v d th t this J h i us g e o er e a o an n n e a e
t i s th t l m t f p d xic l c t st which w
re a n a e e en o a ra o a on ra e
f u d t b ch ct istic d i d d c stitutiv f t h
o n o e ara er an n ee on e o e
titl i th Sy ptics v th ugh th f cts

e n e no , e en o e a are con
1
Cf E wa l d , D i e E va n gel i enf r a ge, 4 3-4 7
. .
TH E S ON OF M AN 10 9
t empl a t ed f om slightly di ff t poi t f vi w

r a e ren n o e .
C t i sch l s h v m i t i d th t th igi l sigui

er a n o ar a e a n a ne a e or na
fi can ce f th m is w ll igh i v t d i t h F u th
o e na e e -n n er e n e o r
G sp l but c ful sc uti y of t h d t sc c l y b s

o e ,
a ar e r n e a a ar e ear
this t Wh t is u d i bl h w v is th t i St J h
ou . a n en a e, o e er, a n . o n
th titl S
e f m
e s ms lw ys t c v y t h
“
on o an
”
ee a a o on e e
sugg sti f i tly th t f J sus it is

e on a n m zi g t hi g a or e an a a n n
th t H a h uld b m t ll H w m i d d lik
e S o e an a a . e as an n ee , e
His b t h ; y t i this hu m ity th

re ren sid d Divi
e n an er e r e e a ne
c t t which g v Him pl c p t O
on en a it m y b
e a a e a ar . r , as a e
put th wis t h hu m sp ct f His lif is t th

o er e, e an a e o e no e
p i m y d igi l sp ct ; H c m i t hum ity

r ar an or na a e e a e n o an
f m high
ro a lm His discipl s m y t His fl sh
er rea . e a ea e
an d d i k His bl d f
r n H is t p ss th ugh d th oo , or e o a ro ea ,
dyi g n ly mas di ; y ton ly wh w an m can e e on on e o as ore
th m c uld thus dw ll i b l i v s th i i w d li f
an an o e n e e er as e r n ar e
.
Simil ly it is t h
ar S ,
f m wh is t b li f t d up
e t on o an o o e e , no
on t h c ss m e ly but by x lt ti
ro O th
e re h d , e a a on . n e on e an ,
this impli s His i h t Divi t sc d c which l

e n eren ne ra n en en e, a on e
m k s h x lt ti c c iv bl ; th th it p
a e su c e a a on on e a e on e o er, re
supp s s His l m h d si c x lt ti c m s by w y
o e r ea an oo ,
n e e a a on o e a
o f d th ea Thus f f m th titl
. us d i th F u th
so ar ro e e, a s e n e o r
G sp l c t i i g
o e ,
f c t J sus h igh cl im s
on a n n no r e er en e o e
’
er a ,
it i v i bly c t s th s l fti
n ar a t c d ts th f il
onn o e e e o er an e e en as e o
or b ckg u d g i st which th f ct f His t u hu m i t y

a ro n a a n e a o r e an
is pl c d W c t limi t t h du lity A it h
a e . e an n o e na e e a . s as
b een e xp ss d I s v l p ss g s t h c t st is
re e :
“
n e era a a e e on ra ex
p ssly m k d b tw t h p s t v l ti f J su s
re ar e e een e r e en re e a on o e as
S on o f m d t h t u gl y f His Divi
an a n tu e r e or o ne n a re .
Th sig ific c f th m i ll th s v s s li s i
e n an e o e na e n a e e er e e n
th e sugg st i th t th hum e tu f Ch ist w

on a e an na re o r as
u it d with high
n e tu which w p s t i it
a er na re as re en n
e v en w nod w uld t l st b c m
,
an f lly m if st o a a e o e u an e .
”
1
Th i s t f c t st v
no e o ms t f il Th S f
on ra ne er Se e o a . e on o
m an , i ll p i ts
n uth t ic lly hu m h h v p
a o n a en a an , as ea en o en
t Him p p tu lly
o d will y t sc d up g i
er e a wh , an e a en a a n er e
H w e bf as H it is t g i g t f t
e or e e n ce no o n oo ar o
1
S cot t , F ou r th Gosp el , 18 4 ( l ) .
1 10 TH E P E RS ON OF J E S US C H RI S T
sa yth t pp ci bl disti cti

a no b d w i ath re a e n on ca n e ra n n e
F u th G sp l b tw wh t is p dic t d f th S f
o r o e e een a re a e o e on o
m an d f th S an f G d B t h m s igi lly
o e on o o . o na e , or na
M ssi ic
e is d t t h high s t p w
an , If th
a re ra e o e e o er . e on e
d t s th t l igi of Ch ist i G d t h t h
en o e e e er n a or n r n o , e o er
p i ts t His hum
o n ffi li ti
o but c cts it wi t h an a a on on n e a
high b i g wit h which it is ig ific tly c t st d

er e n S n an on ra e .
This sugg sti f Divi t sc d c is th disti ctiv

e on o a ne ra n en en e e n e
f tu which St J h dds t t h Sy ptic vi w

ea re . o n a o e no e .
Ch ist mysticism f th F u th G sp l h lw ys
Th e r - o e o r o e as a a
b g d d c sti g
e en r e a r v li g light up its fi l
e as a n a re ea n on na
i t p t ti f J sus p s
n er re a W on sc c ly v
o e
’
er on . e ca n ar e o er
e stim t t h i mp t c f t h v g list s mi d f
a e e or a n e or e e an e
’
n o
this c c pti f mystic u i by which b li v s

on e on o n on , e e er a re
m d p t k s i t h high lif st mi g t th m f m
a e ar a er n e er e rea n o e ro
J sus Th d c t i is c t l i m th
e . e o f th
r ne e n ra n ore an on e o e
g t disc u s s I m t h livi g b d which c m

rea o r e .
“
a e n r ea a e
dw o t f h v
n ; if
ou y m o t f this b ea d h en an an ea o rea , e
sh ll liv f v ( 6 ) I m t h vi y
a e or e th
er
” 51 “
a e n e, e a re e
b ch s ; h th t bid t h i M d I i h i m t h s m
ra n e e a a e n e, a n n , e a e
b th much f uit
ea re I i th m d Th u i M r
” “
n e , an o n e,
th t th y m y b p f ct d i t
a e a It is w th
e er e e n o on e or
no ti g th t t his vit l f ll wship is wh d sc ib d i

n a a e o no er e e r e n
t h F u th G p l
e o r b i g m di t d by t h Spi it th ugh
OS e as e n e a e e r ,
o
i t h Fi st E pistl
n e xp ssi s
r f u d which disti ctly e e re on are o n n
p i t th t w y ( 3
o n aAt t h s m tim wa bs v 24
e a e e e O er e
th t t h id f lif u i with Ch ist is u mist k bly

a e ea o e - n on r n a a
c ct d with His x lt ti
on n e e It is t som thi g e a a on .
1
no e n
p ssibl f m whil H still liv d

o e or th ;
en th it e e e on ea r ra er
f m s substitut i th futu f His visibl p s c

or a e, n e re , or e re en e
i th i midst H c its p m i c Ch ist s p ti g ’

n e r . en e ro n en e In r ar n
w dsor B c us I liv is His p m is y h ll liv

.
“
e a e e,
”
ro e,
“
e S a e
a ls o Th p s c
.
”
f Ch ist i eth b li v is sup
r e en e o r n e e e er a er
1
C T f L i t i u s, D i e
S i f n eu test eh r e van d er el i gkei t, ii 68 I t d oes n ot
f wh f w hH
. . . .
oll o h t at d th e k i s t ori c J es u s coul n ot h a ve sp o en of li e -un i on it is

f w
ol l o m
ers , a s b l of f so T eth i n g f to e rea ised i n t h e u t ure h ere i s a v ery air
wh h w
.
Sy n o t i c
p p l M a ra
yll e i n d d b
t th e aut h en t i ci t of ic e n ee n ot ou t .
1 12 TH E P E RSON OF J ES US CH R I S T
spi itu l l ti ship f p s t p s

r a re a Th onm u tu l o er on o er on . e a
im m c if w m y c ll it is t h i t lligibl sult t
a n en e, e a a S0 , e n e e re an
O f Divi g c d hum
ne f ith Thra ts f this
e an an a . e r oo o
J h i c c pti m y b t c d p tly d ubt t

o a nn n e on e on a e ra e ar no o o
t h d ct i
e f St P ul but i
o r ne o dditi t h di ct i fl u c . a , n a on e re n en e
f J sus t chi g is pp t
’
o e ea n a aren .
F m this c t l d ch ct istic th ught w

ro en r a an a ra er o e are
i sis t ibly l d t
rre vi w f Ch ist s p s
e th oth on e e o r
’
er on ra er an
an o th If H is thus
er . with m d th y with H i m
e on e en , a n e ,
it is imp ssibl t c fi His lif withi t h di m si s

o e o on ne e n e en on
o f m l m h d
n or But t h F u th v g list d s t
a an oo . e o r e an e oe no
l v us t m i f c Ov
ea e o d v gi her e n er en e . er an o er a a n e
re p s ts u i with Ch ist
re en b i g i its lf vit l
n on r as e n , n e , a
u i wi t h G d Th
n on l gy f Ch is t s o ss with
. e ana o o r
’
on en e
t h F th is m d xplicit Th t th y m y ll b “
e a er a ; e e : a e a a e on e
e v Th u F th
en a s t i M o d I i Th
, th t th y
a er , a r n e, a n n ee, a e
a ls m y b
o i
a us Th is is c c pti f
e on e n
”
a on e on o
which still m is h d i th Fi st E pistl f J h I ore ea r n e r e o o n . n
t h G sp l t h
e o s m p ctic l id tity f Ch ist d G d
e e a e ra a en o r an o
is sign lis d i th s p ss g s which d l wi t h t h missi

a e n o e a a e ea e on
an d ctiviti s f t h S pi it
a N t m e ly is Ch ist p s t
o e r . o ere r re en
in th c m mu ity by t h Spi it ; H is Hi ms lf t h
e o n e r e e e
O bj ct f th S pi it s wit ss H is i d d th Giv f
e o e r
’
ne . e n ee e er o
t h Spi it t
e His p pl B t th s m p dic ti s
r o eo e . u e a e re a on a re
m d f G d H t is t s d th Spi it d c m i
a e o o . e oo o en e r an o e n
th S pi it l g with Ch ist
e r Thus f m f sh p i t f
a on r . ro a re o n o
Vi w t h ligi us quiv l c f Ch ist d G d is

e e re o e a en e o r an o
re v ld ea eth t uth f m which di t s t h wh l

as e r ro ra a e e o e
t chi g f th G sp l
ea n o e o e .
Ch ist l gy f St J h th m y b c d s d
Th e r o o o . o n, en , a e on en e
i t h t uth t h t t h
n e F t h is p s lly i t h S t h
r a e a er er on a n e on , e
S i
on th F th ( 1 0
n Th e m st ugust d a er
38
e o a an
p f u d w ds f
ro o n L d i m pl ffi m ti s f
or o ou r or a re S e a r a on o
this f ct I d t h F th
a :
“
( 1 0 cf an e a er a re on e
30
,
.
“
H th t h t h s
e M h th s e t h F th
a a
( 14 een e a en e a er
9
,
cf . Th s utt c s d th s lik t h m c y e e e ran e an o er e e a rr
our mi ds i t h di c t i f i m pl m d lism J sus

n n e re on O a S e o a — e
SI M P L E M OD ALI S M 1 13
Ch ist is G d v l d t f i th but
r o th y f thre ea e o a — no eor o e
f ct
a f its
, or m t implic ti s is ywh sk tch d
o re o er a on ,
an e re e e
ou t i th mn f th l gic l sp cul ti
e an n er W o a eo o a e a on . e a re
sh w th t th w d of J sus is th wo d f G d Hims lf
o n a e or e e r O o e ,
an d c v ys Divi lif t t h s ul ; th t t h F th
on e a ne e o e o a e a e r,
e xhibit d t f ith i hist ic c

e o is w fully k w
a n a or a reer, no no n
i His F th h d
n F ith is c t i f this d ffi ms
a er oo . a er a n o ,
an a r
it u c diti lly It is th qu sti h w f w

n on on a . an o er e on o ar e can
p t t t th
e n e ra e t l gic l g u ds of this m d lism
o e on o o a ro n o a
an d giv sp cul tiv e i d p d t cc u t f th m

a e a e or n e en en a o n o e
which will g i t h i t st d ss t f th phil s ph

a n e n ere an a en o e o o er .
Ev th
en L g s c c pti which St J h h mpl y d
e o o - on e on , . o n as e o e
— wh th e impli d s luti f th p bl m
er as an e o on o e ro e or a s a
st t m t f it i fi l t ms is i c m p t t t giv u s
a e en o n na er — n o e en o e
a c mpl t u d st di g f ll myst i s i this t

o e e n er an n o a er e n ra n
scen d t lm N th y xp ssibl i w ds
en r ea . m o eor e re e n or , no co
bi ti f id s v th s f
na on o p stl ea ft l l, e en o e o an a o e , ca n a er a
a v il t pl c us t p i t wh w
a o a e th lif f G d a a o n ere e see e e o o
h d its i w d sid N v th l ss w k w d
ea on n ar e . e er e e ,
e no an are
su th t i J sus p s th G d f h v
re a n e d th ’
e r on e o o ea en an ea r
h as pp d m g us ; th t t h S
a ea r e v ls th F th
a on a e on re ea e a er
p f ctly b i g
er e with Him wh is v l d ; d
as e n on e o re ea e an
th t a ysou r light d by Him i ll k wl dg

e e a re en ene n a no e e
b c us H dw lls withi
e a e e i m st lif This is t h
e n a s ou r n o e . e
k y t f the J h i i t p t t i
e no e o Th f ith t o an n n e n er re a on . e a ou
o f which it c m s d which it s t iv s t o v k i the ,

an r e o e o e n o er
mi ds is t h g t f ith t h t Ch ist d G d
n ,
e rea a a r an o a re on e
th S e sh i g th sup tu l lif f t h F th t h
on ar n e er n a ra e o e a er, e
F th c mpl t ly m if st d i t h S
a er o e e an e e n e on .
This u ity h ft b d sc ib d if i t h l st
n as O en een e r e as n e a
s t i t w limit d d d f ctiv
re or er e u ity m ly f e an e e e, a n e re o
will d pu p s A d t h bj cti is
an r o ed ubt w ll
. n e o e on no o e
t k
a p vid d w g th t will is s m t hi g l ss d
en , ro e e a ree a o e n e an
l w th ul t im t
o er lity If b hi d l l will d
an a e r ea . e n a an
t h ught th
o xists i G d myst i us i c g iz bl
ere e n o a er o n o n a e
subst c t t b d sc ib d i t ms f m ili t hum

an e, n o o e e r e n er a ar o an
e xp i c but p s t i g t h p i t t h ugh which t h

er en e, re re en n e o n ro e
th ds f c s m ic l ti s p ss d c stituti g t h
r ea o o re a on a ,
an on n e
8
1 14 TH E P E RSON OF J ES US CH RI S T
i m st ss c f t h Divi lif th i d d th
n o e en e o e ss ne e, en n ee e on en e
o f Ch ist with G d is
r ft ll ly l tiv B t th o a er a on re a e . u e
supp siti is m ist k

o on T h is i t h u iv s thi g a en . e re n e n er e n o n
m or e l th will t h livi g
re a angy f spi it ; thi g , e n en er o r no n
m c c t d ctu l wh th it b i G d m
ore on r e e an a a , e er e n o or an .
It is th l st h m d s ctu y f ss ti l b i g W
e a o e an an ar o e en a e n . e
m y th
a f c clud th t t h t u d i h t G dh d
e re ore on e a e r e an n eren o ea
o f J sus Ch is t if hum
e w dsr ffi m it is ffi m d
,
an or can a r ,
a r e
u quiv c lly i th G sp l f St J h H is c mpl t ly

ne o a n e o e o . o n . e o e e
p ss ss d f th s qu liti s which c stitut th p p

o e e o o e a e on e e ro er
lif f D ity
e o e .
Y t v h w c u t th t u f ili g c u t
e e en ere e en o n er a n a n o n er
st i of su b di ti which w h v s t b p s t
ra n or na on e a e een o e r e en
in th N w T st m t
e e wh l It is t w thy
e a en as a o e . no e or ,
i d d th t J sus ffi m s His p s l d p d c
n ee ,
a e a G d r er on a e en e n e on o
p cis l y i th s p ss g s which d l with His u iqu ss

re e n o e a a e ea n en e .
B th id s
o p mi t f i st c i
ea are ro S t n en ,
or n an e, n o oo
i
n 1 7 th p xist t gl y which J sus t ts m y
e r e-e en or , e en rea a
b e st d is gift b st w d by t h F th
re ore ,
a It is e o e e a er .
misl di g t y th t this sub di ti h

ea n o sa f c a or na on as r e ere n e
s l ly to th lif
o e th It is f c u s m if st
e e on ea r . o o r e an e
du i g t h
r n thly lif i p ci l d g ; J sus d cl s
e ea r e n a S e a e ree e e a re
th t Ha d thi g f Hims lf th t His w ks lik

e ca n o no n o e ,
1
a or ,
e
His k wl dg no His ight t judg h v b giv

e e or r o e, a e een en
Him f th F th o B t w i t duc t h disti c t i s f

e a er . u e n ro e e n on o
a l t g wh w gu th t such xp ssi s f d
a er a e en e ar e a e re on o e
p en d en ce ly m t t
a re cov Ch ist
on s hum tu ea n o er r
’
an na re,
or His i c t lif wh t th l gy d sig t s th

n a rn a e e, or a eo o e na e
“
e
e st t f humili ti
a e o F th sub di ti is quit
a on . or e or na on e
disti tly p dic t d f th fili l lif such ; it ch ct

nc re a e o e a e as a ra er
i ses S ship v ywhon lw ys E v i g d t His

e er ere , a a . en n re ar o
e x lt d lif J sus c uld y I will p y th F t h f

a e e e o sa ,
“
ra e a er or
y ou
”
thus p j cti g t h id f sub di ti ro e n e ea o or na on
t o th th sid f d th ; d
e o er p ll l t this
e o ea an as a a ra e o ,
re a l ti g t His p xist c w c t ig
n o t h st t
re -e e n e, e a nn o n ore e a e
m t ( 1 0 ) th t t h F th s ctifi d Him d s t Him

en
36
a e a er an e an en
A
1
whi h f d
t ra i t k h J h
c i Ch i
orbi m i
s us to Sp ea of t e o a n n ne r st a s o n
p ot en t .
1 16 TH E P E RS ON OF J ES US CH RI ST
th e p l gu s v s ro o p cul tiv
e d er t p ctic llye a S e a e an no a ra a
re ligi us pu p s Th fi st p g ph H ck puts
o r o e . e r a ra ra , as a rn a
i t is
,
1
m p f c t phil s phic p g mm Its
a er e re a e, n o a o o ro ra e .
S p ci l id s
e a t eall w d t i t ud up t h c d
a re no a o e o n r e on e r e or ,
n or d s J s us v
oe m Hims lf t h W d
e .
e er Th na e e
“
e or .
”
2
e
p l gu
ro o th wh l m k s t h i m p ssi f h vi g
e on e o e a e e re on o a n
b w itt l st i
een r cu t v c bul y d m d f
en a ,
n a rre n o a ar an o e o
th ught fitt d t m k pp l t
o e quit sp cific
o a e a ea o a e e con
s ti t ue n c
y Th w it d si s
“
t v il e hi m s lf f r er e re o a a e o a
c c pti m c g i l t th th ught f his d s

on e on or e on en a o e o o r ea er
th t his w i d t t f th i w ds f m ili
an o o n, n or er o se or n or a ar
t o his d s t h d ct i h wish s t t ch i t h
r ea er e o r ne e e o ea ,
v z . e
u iqu ss fi lity d l l ffi i y f t h v l ti
n en e ,
na ,
an a -s u c en c o e re e a on
f G d m d i p s f J sus C h ist It is ” 3
O o th a e n e er on o e r . no
a p i i phil s ph m
r or by ssim il t i g which th mi d
o o e e, a a n e n
w as t b p p o d t u d st d d sti m t t h f cts
e re ar e o n er an an e a e e a
a b ut t b
o tdo e n a rr a e .
T y th
o t S t saJ h d iv d t h aL g s c c pti . o n er e e o o -
on e on
f m P hil ( wh m y h v h d it f m t h St ics
ro o o v
a a e a ro e o or e en
H clitus) is
era f th s t t lisi gly m bigu us p
on e o o e an a n a o ro
n ou n ce m t whic h d k en s subj ct l m st much ar en a e a o as as
th y light
e en W c t i d d h ld th t th is
en .
4
e an n o n ee o a er e no
m utu l l ti
a But t h i flu c f P hil pp a s t h v
re a on . e n en e O o a e r o a e
a ct d i tw f ld di cti
e n a Fi st by w y f t g is m
o o re on . r ,
a o an a on .
Th v g list us s P hil s t m t d y P hil s t h ught

e e an e e o
’
er o en o
’
o .
I n th F t h G sp l L g s m s w d t ti l
e our o e
“
o o
”
ea n or ,
no ra on a
c smic d ; utt d v li g sp ch t im m t
o or er er e re ea n ee ,
no an en
r ea ons ; g cy f c dy m ic p s l i tu
an a en or or e na or er on a n na re ,
no t st tic v gu ly id l Th is thi g sw i g
a or a e ea . ere no n an er n
t o t his i P hil It is t m ly th t i t h
n o . li no ere a n e ea r er
w it th L g s is p b bly imp s l ; it is ls c fully

r er e o o ro a e r on a a o a re
s p t d f m G d ; i v i us G stic sch ls it is
e ara e ro o as n ar o no oo ,
i s t d b tw
n er e G d d t h w ld t
e een p v t th i o an e or o re en e r
1
ZTX . 11 . As H e d oes i n t h e E va n g I nf a n ti a e, c 1
1 8 9— 23 1 . . . .
3
B u rt on , S h or t I n trod u ct i on to th e Gosp el s, 1 3 2
h
.
Cf H a rn a ck s t e m 4
i 10 9 Ca n we
’
4
r n c h a n t p a ra a
g p ,
r D og en gcs ch
h
. . . .
a ss um e t at e v ery p rese n t a t i on o f t h e d oct ri n e of t h e Logos h a d p a ss e d

t h rou h
g t he m oul di n g h a n d s of Ph i lo
THE L OGOS - CONC E P TI ON 1 17
c t ct v th gh i
on a ,
e phil s phic l poi t f Vi w i t
en ou n a o o a n o e
m y s v
a i t m di y ; d t c w ll t h tu
er e as n er e ar an o ro n a , e na re
o f th L g is such t m k wh l ly i c c iv bl its
e o os as o a e o n on e a e
t c by i c t i
e n ra n e , p t h l p c ss s f hist y
n a rn a on , u on e rea ro e e o or .
B t i St J h
u n t h W d is p s
. o n l is Hims lf Divi e or e r on a , e ne ,
m di t s i t h c t i f t h W ld d t s hu m
e a e n e re a on o e or ,
an en er an
lif by b c mi g fl sh i d th t J sus Ch ist t h

e e o n e n or er a as e r , e
hist ic M ssi h H m y liv d d i

or e a m ,
d v l e a e an e as an an re ea
th v y h t f G d Thus v w t h v g list s ’
e er ea r o o . e en er e e e an e
d bt t Phil
e o sc t i d f ct w sh uld still h v t
o an a er a n e a , e o a e o
a ck wl dg th t t h b w d ti w submi t t d t
no e e a e orro e no on as e o
ch g s an e dic l vi tu lly t t sf m it i t its

SO ra a as r a o ra n or n o
O pp sit o e .
I th s c d pl c P hil s i flu c
n e e on t l st t h a e, o
’
n en e, or a ea e
i flu c f g
n en el phil s phic l t m sph typifi d
o a en e ra o o a a o er e e
by P hil m y w ll h v d cid d which f t h t m s

o, a e a e e e o e er
fu ish d by t h Old T st m t th v g list sh uld

rn e e e a en e e an e o
s l ct f his pu p s S v l such t ms w
e e or p r o e . e e ra er er e o en
to him Wisd m th Spi it t h A g l f t h L d t h

— o , e r , e n e o e or , e
W d I or .
y c s t li t
n tl ll
anw c h b m d
a e, oo e a o an e as een a e
for Ol d T st m t ss ci ti s e Th a cti f t h w d
en a o a on . e a on o e or
o f G d i C o 1 m y w ll h v suppli d t h
n u fi st gg a e a e e e r su es
ti on f th o L g s d t v i us th p i ts i t h
e o o ,
an a ar o o er o n n e
o ld Sc iptu s t h c ti
er r d g v
re m t f t h w ld e rea on an o e rn en o e or ,
as w ll t h p g ss f v l tio
e as e t c d t th
ro r e o re e a n, a re ra e o e
Divi w d g i g f th f m G d t h ctiv o g
ne or o n or ro o as e a e r an
o f His will .
1
W h ld th e th t wh t St J h qui d d s u ght
o en a a . o n re re an o
for w t m w thy t xp ss t h bs lut

as a er tu or o e re e a o e na re
o f Ch ist i wh m t h t l s lf v li g G d w
r ,
n o e e ern a , e -
re ea n o as
i c t
n d th t this s m d t b fu ish d by t h
ar n a e an a ee e o e rn e e con
t m p y ligi us th ught i which t h L g s c c pti

e ora r re o o ,
n e o o -
on e on
h d b c m f m ili ly st blish d
a e o e H p c iv d its xt
a ar e a e . e er e e e ra
or di y v lu f t h xp sit
na r a M e sig ific tly th
or e e o or . ore n an an
y th w d it g v xp ssi t th t sp ct f Ch ist s ’
an o er or a e e re on o a a e o r
lif d w k which b g d d sup m I dditi

e an or e re a r e as re e . n a on
to its pl c i Old T s t m t th ught it h d c iv d

a e n e a en o , a re e e
1 6 20 15 29
Ps 3 3 10 7 14 7 , Is J cr 23 .
1 18 TH E P E RSON OF J E SUS CH RI S T
f m H ll ism c t i c smic width f m i g d

ro e en a er a n o o ea n n , an
thus fu ish d p i t f c t ct this v y missi y

rn e a o n o on a — e er on a r
must pp ci t b tw Ch isti ity d cu t m d s

a re a e— e een r an an rren o e
o f ligi u s sp c u l ti
re o H ch s it th
e af p culi ly
on . e o e ere ore a s e ar
fitt d t c mm d th Light d Lif which h d pp d

e o re o en e an e a a eare
i
n J s s ; but i ch si g it h t k full p c uti s t
e u n oo n e oo re a on o
en su by hi xp si t i th t its Ch isti imp t s h uld

re s e o on a r an or o
no t b ov sh d w d by f m ss ci ti s Th W d
e er a o e or er a o a on . e or
is i t p t d by J sus t J sus by t h W d S f
n er re e e , no e e or . O ar
f m b i g c ptu d f p cul ti th L g s c iv s
ro e n a re or S e a on , e o o re e e
a c t ti which is fu d m t lly thic l p s l

onn o a on n a en a e a , er on a ,
t i l gi l
so e r o o Its c l u
ea .
1
d sig ific c d w o o r an n an e a re ra n
f m wh t t h w it h k w f J sus S f G d d
ro a e r er as no n o e ,
on o o an
S on f m o ; it is h an dl d with p f ct f d m d an e er e re e o an
with u t y suspici f b d g t ph s St J h
o an on o on a e o a ra e . . o n
w as t Ch ist t d pt
oo n ear lly G k vi w I th
r o a o a rea re e e . n e
p l gu h but s u m s up t h t t l imp ssi l ft up

ro o e e e o a re on e on
him by th p s lity f th S vi u If w c ll
e er on a o e a o r . e re a
th e lli d d ct i f H b ws d t h t chi g f St
a e o r ne o e re ,
an e ea n o .
P ul th t l l thi gs w
a a a c t d by Ch is t d f Him
n ere re a e r an or
( C l o it will s m v y tu l th t S t
ee J h h uld er na ra a . o n S o
a dv c t th xplicit id tific ti f t h hist ic J s u s

an e o e e en a on o e or e
with th c tiv W d e re a e or .
A gl c t t h d t ils
an e a f t h p l gu m y illust t
e e a o e ro o e a ra e
th s e e sults I
re th w ighty p dic ti s
. n v .
1
ree e re a on a re
m d f th L g s ( ) H w f m t h b gi i g
a e o e o o : a e as ro e e nn n , or
t lly ; ( b) H xist d i
e ern a livi g p s l l ti
e e e n a n er on a re a on
ship with G d ; ( ) His pl c w withi t h G dh d

o c a e as n e o ea .
It is xt ffi m d th t H w th m dium i st um t
ne a r e a e as e e or n r en
o f c ti
rea St ss is l id
on . t h t uth f His u iv s l
re a on e r o n er a
re al ti t hum ity ; t ly w th lif i Him

on o an no on as e e n
th light f m
e o but it giv s light t v y m
en e o e er an
c mi g i t th w ld
o n n o His Divi lif h d b
e or ne e a een
imm t i t h w ld f m th fi st th gh
an en n e or g ro e r , ou u n reco
i d
n se b ut w H c m i p s no d t ll wh
e a e n er on , an o a o
re ec iv d Him H g v t h ight t b c m child

e e a ef G d e r o e o e re n o o .
Th c mm t t s p i t
e o en a or t h w sum s d c o n ou o v .
14
re e an a re
Thi 1 w ll p sby hl
is D L h
e A
ut Sc a t t er, ie e re d er p ostel , 13 1— 3 2 .
1 20 TH E P E RS ON OF J E S US CH RI ST
is i t duc d is v m th
n ro e , sub di t l m t ne er ore an a or na e e e en
i
n a S p ci l v c bul y which p s ts t h p s lity f
e a o a ar ,
r e en e er on a o
Ch ist i c t i sp ct d with sp ci l i m
r n a er a n a e an a e a a .
It is bvi us th t thi g i t h p l gu is i t d d
o o a no n n e ro o e n en e
to S h d light up th m d f th I c ti h w v
e on e o e o e n a rn a on , o e er
disti ctly it m y ss t th f ct Y t wh it is d
n a a er e a . e en r ea , as
it ught t b wit h c st t f c t t h G sp l it
o o e, on an r e e r en e o e o e
h as i t duc dn ro miss th cl i dic ti f

e , no on e ca n e ear n a on o
t h m tie which is c c iv d f u d lyi g th dv t

o ve on e e o as n er n e a en
o f J sus Ch ist
e It is t h Divi d si t i m p t lif t
r . e ne e re o ar e o
a p ishi g d d k d w ld N d ubt it is ch c
er n an ar en e or . o o a ra
t i ti
er s f St J h
c oi c t s t t t h P uli vi w t
. o n, n on ra o e a ne e ,
o
re g d th
ar thly lif f J sus l ss
e ea r hu m ili ti th e o e e as a a on an
as v l ti
a re f Divie a gl y t h e b ms f which
on o ne or , ea o
shi f th cl ly i His w d us w ks N v th l ss
ne or ear n on ro or . e er e e ,
h is wh lly t
e with S t P ul i t h c victi th t
o a on e . a n e on on a
th ed m i g w k f Ch ist c t s i t h s c ific f
re ee n or o r en r e n e a r e O
th c ss
e ro J s s p ks f His d th th h u e u S ea o ea as e o r
f His b i g gl ifi d ( 1 2 d d cl s th t H
,
21 24
o e n or e an e a re a e
c m i t t h w ld t di
a e n o eB t d th f J sus
or o e u ea or e
is p t f His lif
ar o S A d lif d d th t g th e as on . n e an ea o e er
m k up t h p f ct v l ti
a e e Th wh l is vi w d
er e re e a on . e o e e e
i
n th light f t l f ct t h li s f ch g
e o e ern a a ,
e ne o an e or
t m p l disti cti b i g blit t d All th t St P ul

e ora n on e n o era e . a . a
b h lds i t h x lt d Ch ist is f u d by St J h t h
e o n e e a e r o n . o n, e
p s l discipl i t h v il d gl y f th
er on a e,thly Lif n e e e or o e ear e .
Thus i th t sc d t c sci us ss f t l lif

n e ra n en en on o ne o e er n a e as
an xp i c g
e e r ent d by t h k wl dg f t h S
e en era e e no e e o e on ,
e sch t l gy p ss s i t t h b ckg u d
a o o a e n o e a ro n .
Ch ist l gy f t h Fi st E pistl f St J h is i
Th e r o o o e r e o . o n n
h m y with t h t chi g f th G sp l Th fi st th
ar on e ea n o e o e . e r r ee
v s s f m i m plicit c mm t y t h p l gu wit h
er e or an o en a r on e ro o e
which t h G sp l p s d a such th y c uti us c

e o e o en ,
an s e a on on e
m g i st t th t ic i t p t ti f t h L g s
or e a a n a
-
oo e ore n er re a on o e o o
c c pti
on e S c m pl t is t h id tific ti
on . O f G d d o e e e en a on o o an
Ch is t th t i s i s f p ss g s it is i m p ssibl t b c t i
r a n a er e o a a e o e o e er a n
of which t h w it sp ks This is t h c s f i st c
e r er ea . e a e, or n a n e,
F I RST E P I S T LE OF J OHN 12 1
i n the g t cl si g v s rea W k w th t t h S
o n f er e :
“
e no a e on o
G d is c m
o d h th giv
o us u d s t d i g th t w
e , an a en an n er an n a e
k w Him th t is t u d w
no i a Him t h t is t u r e, a n e a re n a r e,
e v i His S J sus Ch ist Thi i th t G d d

en n on , e r . s s e rue o ,
an
t
e er n a l l if Wh t is sp ci lly dis ti ctiv f t h
e a e a n e o e
E pistl h w v e, is t h m ph tic c d m ti f c t i
o e er , e e a on e na on o er a n
a ctiv ch mpi s f h sy I t h pi it f d c tic id lism

e a on o e re . n e S r o o e ea
th y h d b gu v y ly t disu it t h s vi g w d f
e a e n er e ar o n e e a n or O
lif f m th hist ic J sus d t s k th p th t

e ro e or e ,
an o ee an o er a o
f ll wship with G d th t h m di ti f t h i c t
e o o an e e a on o e n arn a e
Ch ist It is p ssibl th t th y w
r . thusi stic s t ud ts
o e a e e re en a en
o f t h Al x d i e phil s phy im t d by t h d si t
e an r an o o an a e e e re o
imp s th P hil ic L g s c c pti up t h Ch is t i

o e e on o o -
on e on on e r an
f cts but i th p c ss dissip t i g t h i sig ific c d

a ,
n e ro e a n e r n an e an
v lu Of th s m St J h w it s i t s f th
a e . e e en . o n r e n on e o e
g v st i dig ti
ra e To d y th t J sus Ch ist is c m
n na on . en a e r o e
i
n th fl she eth t H u d w t ctu l d th or a e n er en a a ea
(1
7
is t b d t h f ith f o a ti Ch isti li s T
an on e a or an - r an e . o
re fut f
e a n error so chi g t h w i t f lls b ck p ar -r ea n e r er a a on er
s l t stim y d cl i g i t h fi st v s f th E pis t l
on a e on , e ar n n e r er e o e e
t h t h is p cl imi g th t which w h v h d th t “
a e ro a n a e a e ear ,
a
which w h v s with e y s th t which w b h ld

a e e en ou r e e ,
a e e e ,
an d h ds h dl d Th p s c f Lif m g
ou r an an e . e r e en e o e a on
m h d b udibl visibl t gibl Ch ist s dv t ’

en a een a e, e, an e . r a en
in t h fl sh is th t
e ewhich h gs v ythi g th t a on an e er n a ca n
b e c l l d s l ti ; vict y b l gs ly t t h s wh
a e a va on or e on on o o e o
re ec iv Him th S f G d \Vh
e as d i th
e on o o .
“
os oev er en e
th S e t h s m h th
on , t t h F th
e a h th t c f ss th
e a no e a er : e a on e e
th S e h t h t h F th ls
on a e a er a o
BOO K II .
H I S T O R Y O F C HR I S T O L O G I C A L
D O C T R I NE .
C H AP T E R I .
CH RI S O L O G T Y I N T H E S UB -A P O S O LI C AGE T .
1 . I n tr od ucti on — In th e Neu testa men tli ch e Th eologi e of
H ltzmo w fi d i t s t i g p ss g } i which t h
an n e n an n e re n a a e n e
w it xp ss s th c victi th t v i St P ul d
r er e re e e on on a e en n . a an
St J h th
. l i t h s ds
o n d igi s f t h l t C h ist
ere e e ee an or n o e a er r o
l gic l d v l pm t This t l st i dic t s th t

o a e e o en . a ea n a e a ou r
study f t h d ct i i hist y ugh t t st t f m t h

o e o r ne n or o o ar ro e
t chi g t f J sus Hi m s lf but f th p stl s It

ea n , no o e e , o e a o e .
LI TE R AT U R E — On t h e h i st ory of Ch ri s t ol ogi ca l d oct ri n e as a wh ol e

H a rn ac ,
k L eh r bu c h d er D ogm en ges ch i ch te
“
,
1 9 0 9 ( E ng t r 1 8 9 4 )
“
Loo s, L ei t . . f
d m S t d i m d er D ogmen ges ch i ch te , 1 90 6 ; S eeb er , L eh r bu ch d er
f a en zu u u g
D ogmen gesch i ch te2, 190 8 ff ; B a ur, D i e ch r is tl i ch e L eh re von d er D r ei
.
ei n i gkei t u n d M ensch wer d un g, 18 4 1— 4 3 Dorn er, E n twi ckl un gsgesch i ch te d cr

2
L eh r e von d er P e rson h
C r s i , 1 8 4 5— 5 3
i t ( E ng . tr . 186 1 Ot t l e y , Th e
D octr i n e of th e I n ca rn a ti on , 18 9 6 B e t h u n e -B ak er, H i stor y f
o E a rl y
Ch ri sti a n D octr i n e, 190 3 ; K ruger, Da s D ogma von d er D rei ei n i gkei t
und Gottmen schh ei t, 19 0 5 ; B on wet sch , Gr u n dri ss d er D ogmen gesch i ch te,
1909
f
.
“
O n t h e p res en t ch a p t er : Loo s, ar ti cl e Ch ri s t ol ogi e, Ki rch en l eh re ,
in RE 3 i v ( t o wh i c hI owe muc ) h E n gel h a rd t , D a s Ch r i sten tu m J u s ti n s,
hf
. .
18 7 8 Li g t oot , S t Cl emen t
. of Rome ,
18 9 0, a nd St I gn a ti u s , 1 8 8 9 Za h n ,
.
I gn a ti u s A n ti ochi en , 18 7 3 ; v on d er Gol t z,
von I gn a ti us von An ti och i en a l s
Ch r i st u n d Th eol oge, 1 8 9 4 Rai n y , Th e A n ci ent Ca th oli c Ch u r ch , 19 0 2 ;
” ’
K rii ger, art i cl e Gn os i s , i n RE v i3
Swet e , Th e A p os tl es Cr eed , 1 8 9 4 ;
.
McGi ff e rt , Th e Ap ost l es Cr eed , 19 0 2 K a t t en b usch , D as ap ostol i sch e Sy mbol ,

’
h
18 9 4 — 1 9 0 0 ; H a t c , H i bber t L ectures, 18 8 8 .
1
i 4 18 , c f 3 5 3
. . .
of Ch ist ? W th r ywh g up f b li v s as er e an ere a ro o e e er
wh c sid d H i m t b
o on ly er emi t ligi us o e on an e n en re o
t ch
ea lik t h p ph ts th ugh g t ? Th pp s
e r, e e ro e , o rea er er e a ea r
to hv b a e such g up I his Di l g wi th
. een on e ro . n a o ue
T yp h ( p 4 8 ) Justi w it s
r o ca S m th . f y u n r e : o e ere a re o o r
ra c wh ll w th t H is Ch ist but d cl Him t b

e, o a o a e r , e are o e
; with wh m I d g Th s m
”
a. m f m
an o t en o o no a ree . e a e
p ty g d d H i m t h
ar re ar f J s ph ed d i d His as e s on o o e an en e
p xist c But it is t w thy th t v

r e-e en e . th s no e or a e en SO e e
w but s cti f J wish Ch isti ity Th y f m d

ere a e on o e r an . e or e
p t f t h E bi it s ct d lik l l E bi it s h ld th t
ar o e on e e ,
an , e a on e ,
e a
it w by th d sc t f th Spi it t His b ptis m th t

as e e en o e r a a a
J sus w
e d w d f t h v c ti f M ssi h C t i
a s en o e or e o a on o e a . er a n
sch l s h v gu d th t this p s ts t h g ui ly
o ar a e ar e a re re en e en ne
or igi l C h ist l gy cu t m g t h fi st Ch is ti J ws
na r o o ,
r r en a on e r r an e
o f P l sti a e B t th f cts ned d g i st th m St

. u e a a re ea a a n e . .
P ul s t c h i g P s L d v w
’
a t th ea f n as o e e r on o ou r or ne er a s,
so f ar w k w th subj ct f c t v sy ; which f
as e no , e e o on ro er o
its lf p v s th t t h p s t l s t k t h high vi w f
e ro e a e a o e oo e er e o
J sus tu
e
’
O t na tk th x mpl t h Ch ist
re . r, o a e an o er e a e, e r o
l gic l h sy g i st which St P ul w s t h C l ssi s

o a e re a a n . a a rn e o o an
c t i d l m t s Lightf t h h w f G stic
on a n e e e en ,
as oo as S o n, o a no
ch ct a ra I st c s f this ki d
er . su ffici t vid c
n an e o n a re en e en e
th t v i us typ s f Ch ist l gic l t h ught p v il d v

a ar o e o r o o a o re a e e en
a m g J wish Ch isti s t t h
on e cl s f t h p st lic g r an a e o e o e a o o a e,
an d th ff t t m k th m
e e t u or im usly hum it i o a e e ou n an o an ar a n
is f ilu a a re .
Of c u s s m c l u m y s m to b giv
o r e, t th
o e o o r a ee e en o e
mist k by t h f ct th t ll typ s f t diti i th fi st

a e e a a a e o ra on n e r
c t u y l y s t ss
en r J sus t u hu m ity F m t h
a re on e
’
r e an . ro e
b gi i g t h Ch isti mi d ssum d th t J sus f

e nn n e r an n a e a e o
N z a areth w m But L fs p i ts t t w c sid

as an . oo o n o o on era
ti s t di g t h w t h t i p imitiv J wi h Ch isti
on en n o S o a n r e e S - r an
ci cl s th w
r e dv c t s f m hum it i ism
ere e re no a o a e o er e an ar an .
I n th fi st pl c t h ld
e ru qu sti bly th y did a e, o o ,
as n e on a e
h ld th t J sus t His b ptis m c iv d t h pl i tud f

o , a e a a re e e
'
e en e o
t h S pi it is t
e ffi m r v y g t,
bs l t ly sup
o a r -
a er re a ,
an a o u e er
na tu l thi g I t is t ss t th t c t i i dividu l
ra ,
n . o a er a a er a n n a ,
TH E S U B - AP OS T OL I C AGE 1 25
at p tic l p i t f hist y h d v uchs f d t Him

a ar u ar o n o or , a o a e o
t h Spi i t f t h livi g G d i
e r o its ful ss B tw suche n o n ne . e een
a vi w d t h t f S t P ul t h gulf is t i m p ss bl
e an a o . a e no a a e .
S c dly this id
e on f J sus a
,
Spi it fi l l d m is t
ea o e s a r - e an no ,
i t h st ic t s s
n e r xp ssi f th i ligi us stim t
en e , an e re on o e r re o e a e
o f J sus ; it is
e th y f t h subj ct th ugh i cipi t a e or o e e ,
o an n en
on e ; it is t t m pt t xpl i t h u iqu ss which th t

an a e o e a n e n en e a
e stim t sc ib s t Him O p bl m th f is
a e a r e o . ur ro e er e or e
Wh t w t h p v ili g ligi us sti m t of J sus t

a as e re a n re o e a e e a
t h cl se f th p st lic g ?
o e o e a o o a e
It is sc c ly ugh t y th t H w h ld t b
ar e eno o sa a e as e o e
th M ssi h
e Th t is f c u s t u ; but
e a . th a o o r e r e on e on e
h d Ch ist h d b c m f G til b li v s l ittl m

,
an ,
r a e o e or en e e e er e ore
th J sus su m whil
an e
’
th th f J wish rn a e, e, on e o e r, or e
Ch isti s t h titl b
r an , th th futu th t h
e e ore ra er on e re an e
p s t d c i d m s mi ds i t t h w ld f
r e en ,
an a rr e en
’
n n o e or o
e sch t l gy This b i g
a o o .w h ll fi d cl e n SO, e S a n a ea re r
i st c Of th p ctic l ligi us ttitud f t h Chu ch

n an e e ra a re o a e o .
e r
i t h cust m
n e f p y t J o Th t this cust m p
o ra er o esus . a o re
v il d i t h sub p st lic Ch ch is m d vi t u lly

a e n e -a o o ur a e r a
c t i by t h f cts t which w
er a n p i t t ith limit
e a o e ca n o n a e er
o f th p i d e P y is dd ss d t Ch ist di ctly i
er o .
1
ra er a re e o r re n
t h N w T st m t (A 7 1 C 1 2 C 12 R 59 2 8
e e e a en c , O , o ,
ev
an d cc di g t t h p i cipl l
a or n pp li di lo d di e r n e ea: su ca n ,
ea: cr e en
w m y
e g d this t h p ctic l d ifyi g f J sus
a re ar as e ra a
“
e n
”
o e
which t icip t d th tic l Ch ist l gy Ag i i

an a e a eore a r o o . a n, n
1 13 w h v P li y s l tt T j f m ly f d ’
e at e n e er o ra a n , or er r e err e
to, i which h
n p ts th t Ch isti s f his p vi c e re or a r an o ro n e
w er e ccus t m d t g th b f su is n fix d d y
a o e o a er e or e nr e o a e a
f th w k d si g lt t ly hy m t Ch ist “ '
o e ee , an n a ern a e a n o r as
th ugh t G d I th g f t h Ap l gists th w ship

o o o .
”
n e a e o e o o e or
o f J sus we vi w d by t h h th as m k f Ch isti
e e e ea en as a ar o r an
f i th d i t h i mm di t ly f ll wi g g
a , an n ti s t h
e e a e o o n e n e ra on e
p ctic f m lik I
ra e o d T tulli en d s t d mit e re n ze us a n er an oe no a
o f qu sti F cts lik t h s which L f u m t s

e on . a e e e, oo s en e ra e ,
justify h i t m p t ly xp ss d c clusi th t w ught

s e era e e re e on on a e o
t o c sid t h i v c ti
on er f Ch ist i h it d
e n o a on o r
“
as an n er e
Zh 1
m a n, S ki zze n a us d e
7 L ebe n ( l er a l ten K i r ch e ”, 2 1 ff .
cust m p v ili g i ll
o t l st
re a ll E bi itic
n n a , or a ea a n on - on ,
ch ch s f th p st p st lic g
ur e O This cust m h
e o -a o o a e .
”
o ,
”
e
a dds sh ws m cl ly th
,
“
o
y i cipi t Ch ist l gic l
or e ea r an a n n en r o o a
Sp cul ti th t t t h b li v s f th tim f m which

e a on , a o e e e er o e e ro
w h v t
e t a t Ch ist b l
e g d t t h ph
o se ou f G d r e on e o e S e re o o .
A d this is t h
n t f m which sp g t h d v l pm te r oo ro ra n e e e o en
f t h Ch ist l gic l d gm
” 1
o e r o o a o a .
H w f this ligi us sti m t f Ch ist t k t h

o ar re o e a e o r oo e
S h p f sc ibi g t H i m t h p dic t 9 6 is u c t i
a e o a r n o e re a e 6 9 n er a n
?
O ne g th s g lly th t t h divi ity f

a er L d f
e n e ra a e n o our or , or
t h m st p t
e xp ss d i p ctic l t ms w
o ar e cg re e n ra a er ,
as a re o
i d f ct m g Ch isti s i
n se a th
a sc d c t y F
on r an n e e on en ur . or
th Ch is t i mi d t l g H w b th G d d m
e r an n a ar e e as o o an an ,
th ugh c t i J wi h Ch isti g ups m y h v sc upl d

o er a n e S -
r an ro a a e r e
t o u se t h d cid d l gu g f th i f ll ws M y h w
e e e an a e o e r e o . an , o
e v w c t t t b li v i
er, ere G d
on en L d o e e e n on e o ,
on e or ,
”
with ut i th l st imp i i g th i m th ism pushi g

o n e ea a r n e r on o e ,
or n
re fl cti b y d t h st g f iv f ith
e on e on e a e o na e a .
I this t n siti p i d f t h sub p st lic g th

ra n on er o o e -
a o o a e e re
w cc di g t H ck t w m i st ms f Ch ist
er e, a or n o a rn a ,
o a n r ea o r o
l gic l fl cti
o a
“J esu s h w it s w
re e oni th . g dd
- '
e r e as e er r e ar e
, ,
as th m wh m G d h ch s i wh m t h G dh d
e an o o as o en , n o e o ea
or t h S pi it f G d h
e dw lt d wh ft t sti g w
r o o as e ,
an o, a er e n ,
as
a d pt d by G d d i st d with d mi i ( Ad pti
o e o an n ve e o n on o an
Ch ist l gy ) ; H
r o o kd h v ly pi itu l b i g
or e ra n e as a ea en S r a e n
( or t h high st ft
e G d ) wh t k fle sh d wa t b cker o ,
o oo e ,
an en a
t o h v g i ft c mpl ti g His w k
ea en a a n e th a er o e n or on ar
( p u m tic Ch ist l gy )
ne a H m s h gu s is cl r o o
” 3
er a , e ar e ,
a ea r
e x mpl f t h f m p i t Of vi w which w l t
a e o e or er o n e ,
as a er
d cl d h tic l ; B b s Cl m t Ig tius P lyc p

e a re e re a a rn a a e en na o ar
illust t t h l tt i H ck hi ms lf t ds m
, , ,
ra e e a c tly
e . a rn a e en ore re e n
t m dify t his sh p d isti cti

o o L fs i d d h d u g d ar n on . oo ,
n ee ,
a r e
th t b th Ch ist l gi s t t h limit d xt t i which

a o r o o e ,
o e e e en n
th y e c ctly f mul t d g b ck th t t h
a re orr e or a e ,
o a ra er o e
1
0p . ci t . 22 .
2
r a ts 0 6 0 0 wa s a co mm on t i t l e cf 1 Cl em and D i d a ch e, c 9 an d 10
fh
. . . .
,
It at l ea s t ex
pressed t h e beli e t at His con n ec t i on wi t h God wa s of a. un i q ue
ki n d .
3
f D ogma
See H i s tory o ( En g . i . 19 0 if .
b gi i g H
e nn n L d f l l t hi gs by H i m th w ld
e was or o a n , e or
w c td
as G d t k c u s l with Him t t h c
rea e ,
ti o oo o n e a e rea on
of m O t h wh l His t
an .
1
l p i xist c w n e o e e er n a r or e en e as
Sim ply ssu m d f i t w f lt t h t O t wh m m

a e , or as e a ne o o en
app l d i p y c uld t b t h c tu f tim Such

ea e n ra er o no e e re a re o e .
id s f p xist c must t b c fus d wit h th s

ea
‘
O re -e en e no e on e o e
cu t i Jud ism
rr en n a .
O p i t h c us d di ffi culty Wh w
ne o n d i as a e . en e r ea n
2 Cl m t ( c C h ist t h L d wh s v d us b i g “
( e en . r e or o a e ,
e n
fi t p i i t th b c m fl sh i H m (S 5
'
rs S r , en e a e e ,
or n er as .
,
Th e h ly p xist t Spi it which c t d t h wh l

o re -e en r ,
re a e e o e
c ti G d m d t dw ll i fl sh th t H d si d
r ea on , o a e o e n e a e e re ,
”
a re
w t e y th t t h p
o sa xist t Ch ist is b i g id tifi d
a e r e -e en r e n en e
wit h th H ly Spi it ? B u H ck L fs d oth s

e o r a r, arn a , oo
2
an er
h v m i t i d t h is but i his l st diti S b g puts

a e a n a ne , n a e on ee er
f w d st g s s f d yi g it d pp sit ly cit s
or ar ron r ea on or en n ,
an a o e e
St P ul s id tific ti f t h L d wi th t h Spi it i
’
. a en a on o e or e r n
2 C lth ugh his g

o l p ctic f di ff ti ti g
a o en era ra e o eren a n
th m is quit pl i
e But i y c s w e titl d t a n .
3
n an a e e a re en e o
affi m th t t this st g t h
r d gm tic disti cti h d t
a a a e e o a n on a no
b w k d t Ch ist is Spi it
e en or e H ly Spi it by ou . r r ,
or o r ,
His v y ss c ; Sp i it H is
er e with G d d f
en e as r e on e o , an o
th s m e tu aIt is v s id th t His s u ff i gs w
e na re . e en a a er n er e
th su ff i gs f G d N t th t w
e er n t imp t o o .
4
o a e are o or a
Nic sig ific c i th s ph s s Al gsid f th

aean n an e n e e ra e . on e o e
u ity f t h S with G d g s
n o mph sis up His
e on o oe an e a on
sub di ti th t w uld sc c ly h v b p ssibl t w

or na on a o ar e a e e en o e o
c tu i s l t
en This w d t i h it d id s b ut
r e a er . as ue o n er e ea a o
J sus Divi missi His lif f b di c d t ust d

e
’
ne on , e o o e en e a n r , an
His tu t t h F t h re I d d th
rn p ts f
o e a er . n ee e re a re ar o
H m er wh t s cu d fi it
as f utli Ch ist is
ere, o e re e n en e ss o o n e, r
rep s td re en e gl l fty spi it th ugh p ss g s

as an an e or o r ,
o a a e
m y ls b qu t d f
a a diff t t
o e o e o a er e n en or .
Wh J sus is c ll d S f G d i lit tu f this

en e a e on o o ,
n era re o
1 5
B a r n a ba s, c
f h
. .
2
Loo s ca ll s t hi s Bi n i t a ri a n Mon ot h ei sm , an d t h i nk s t at it comm en d ed
i tse l f by f al l in g i n c on v e n i en t l y wi t h t h e Ka r a o dpxa —K a r a
‘
n v e fiua f
or m ul a .
3
L eh r bu ch d D og men ges ch i ch te
2
.
, i . 98 .
4
1 Cl em . c . 2 .
CH RI S T AN D TH E S P I RI T 1 29
p iod th m is c ct d m
er , e na sp ci lly with t h e on n e e ore e e a e
hu m lif by which it w m if st d
an e H c w as an e e .
”
1
en e e ca n
no t ssu m a w m ight l t th t S p
e, a s impli s e a er, a on er se e a
p s l l t i f t h p s l f ct i Ch ist t i
er on a re a on
’
o e er on a a or n r o or n
t h F th
e B t lth ugh sp cul ti
a er . w t y t busi d
u a o e a on as n o e e
with t h p i t i cipi t t k s f it
e o n t c bl i
,
n en o en o a re ra ea e n
H m er wh c t i ly
a s, m s th p xist t Ch ist by
o er a n na e e re -e en r
t h t itl S
e ( S e H w cl s t h
on l t i b tw t h. o o e e re a on e ee n e
S on a nd t h F th w c c iv d t h m y b s f m
e a er as on e e o e, a e een ro
th p i g w ds f 2 Cl m t B th
e o en n w or ught o e en :
“
re ren , e o so
t thi k
o f J sus Ch is t
n o f G d f t h Judg
e f r , as o o , as o e e o
quick d d d It w p ssibl i sh t t cc tu t
an ea .
”
as o e, n or , o a en a e
e ith His Di i u ity wi t h

er His p s l disti cti
v ne n , or er on a n on
f m t h F th
ro ,
e a er .
A g ds t h t c f Ch ist i t hum lif t w

s re ar e en ra n e o r n o an e, o
st ms f fl cti
rea o bs v bl O t h re eh d on ar e o er a e . n e on e an ,
th p e xis t t S f G d it is t ught j i d Hims lf

r e -e en on o o , a , o ne e
t th m
o J sus m ki g him thus G d s S v t d
e an e ,
a n o
’
er an , an as
S pi it p v di g
r d ergisi g ll t h w ki gs f th
a n an en er n a e or n o e
fl sh Th m J sus is but
e . e it w t h f m dan e as er e e or an
v hicl f th ( Ch ist) Spi it

e e o vi w bvi usly with
e r r — a e , o o , a
c t i l i g t w ds du lism T c s f it m y b
er a n ea n n o ar a . ra e o a e
f u d i H m d B b Th oth li f fl cti
o n n er a s an a rn a as . e er ne o re e on
c c iv s Ch ist t h v b m m xch gi g
on e e r f m o a e eco e an , e an n on e or
o f b i g f e n th ; d this m y b illust t d f m
or an o er an a e ra e ro
92 Cl m t e d p ticul ly f m t h l tt s of Ig tius
en ,
an ar ar ro e e er na .
It p mi tt d m t p dic t w Divi
er e d w hum
en o re a e no n e an ne an
p p ti s f t h
ro er e Ch ist C t i dv c t s of t h
o e on e r . er a n a o a e e
f m vi w it is p ssibl h ld th t t h u i b tw t h
or er e , o e, e a e n on e e en e
S on of G d d th m J sus t k pl c t His b ptism

o an e an e oo a e a a
an id which h d b m i t i d by g ups of J wish

ea a e en a n a ne ro e
Ch isti s d f m d p t f t h phil s phic l th y

r an , an or e ar o e o o a eor
e al b t d by C i th i th i t sts f d c tism ( I
ora e er n us n e n e re o o e ren .
1 . B t f t his p i d it wo u ld b
u m ist k tor er o e a a e o
i sist this disti cti

n on n on .
3 . I gn a ti us — Wh en we tu rn to the a tt c t iv
ra e
H “
1
'
’
S wet e, The Ap ostl es Creed , 29 .
30 T HE P E RSON OE J E S US CH RI ST
p s er on a lity
Ig tius t h m ty bish p f A ti ch it
of na , e ar r o o n o ,
is t i wh s th ghts
o on e d lif J sus Ch ist f m d
n o e ou an e e r or e
th e i spi i g c t
n His l tt s ( w itt b f 1 1 7 )
r n en re . e er r en e or e
re v l ea l m st p st lic s s f J sus p s
an a o a o o en e o e
’
er on as a
wh l o e,d h v l ft d p m k l t Ch ist l gy
an a e e a ee ar on a er r o o .
“
N wh ls D S d y h m k d h v w th “
”
o e re e e, r . an a as re ar e ,
a e e e
id f th ful ss f G dh d v l d i Ch ist g sp d
ea O e ne o o ea re ea e n r ra e
an d xp ss d with
e m u ch vig u
re e His id s SO o r .
” 1
ea a re
J h i i th m i I p f vid l gu g h s ts
o a nn n e n e a n . n er er an a e e e
f th Ch ist g i d g i
or r th R v l
, a f G d d
a n an a a n, as e e ea e r o o an
Et l H d f c f d md m J sus “
th e er n a ea o a ra e o re ee e en . e
Ch ist r i s p bl lif is t h mi d f th F th
,
ou r n e ara e e, e n o e a er ,
” 2
th u i g m uth i wh m t h F th h th p k ” 3
e n e rr n o n o e a er a S o en .
H st ts f m t h hist ic Ch ist
e ar w x lt d
ro d im e or r ,
no e a e an
p ssibl d d w lls with g t mph sis

a e, a n th lity fe rea e a on e r ea O
His thly c ea r p i ti g i tu t His bi th b ptism

a reer, o n n n rn o r ,
a ,
su ff i gs d th d c t i t H d s d su cti
er n ,
ea , e s en n o a e ,
an re rre on
?
“
Ig tius it h b s id is t h g t t ch f th
na , as een a ,
“
e rea ea er o e
s c m t l ig ific c f t h i cid ts f th i c t
a ra en a S n an e o e n en o e n a rn a e
lif e,
”
d just f
5
this
an s his ti d c tism is or r ea on an - o e
p u cd
ron o H nsu ff d t uly h w it s to t h
e .
“
e ere r , e r e e
S my ls H is d Hims lf t uly ; t
rn aea n s, as a o e ra e e r no as
c t i u b li v s y th t H su ff d i s mbl c
er a n n e e er sa ,
a e e re n e a n e,
b i g th ms lv s m s mbl c
e n e Oe t w p ss g s
e ere e an e .
”
6
ne or o a a e
a re si gul ly lik th s c d ticl f t h Ap stl s

n ar e e e on ar e o e o e
’
C d A st g d k s s f hist y c m s t
r ee . ron an een en e o or o e ou .
It w b c us th discipl s t uch d Ch ist th t th y

as e a e e e
“
o e r a e
w e re bl t d spis d th Fl sh i th vi w f
a e o e e ea .
7
e ,
n e e o
Ig tius b l gs t Ch ist s tu p m tly v i

na , e on o r
’
na re er a n en , e en n
h v ea Th en wh l v lu f Ch isti ity w uld p ish

. e o e a e o r an o er
with th d i l th t H c m i t g ui ly hum lif

e en a a e a e n o a en ne an e .
This is m i t i d v h m tly g i st ll wh p f ss d
a n a ne e e en a a n a o ro e e
t o giv pu d m
e a pi itu l th y F f m
re r an ore S r a eor . ar ro
c c li g Ig tius th gl i s i t h p d x s d
on ea n , na ra er or e n e a ra o e an
1
Cr i ti ci sm f th e F ou rth Gosp el , 24 4
o
3
Rom 8
hf
. . .
“
Tra l l 9 , wh ere, a s Li g t oot s ay s , t h e word rep eat ed
1
Cf t rul y is
‘
. .
”
a
ga i n a n d aga i n as a wa t ch word a a i n s t d oce t i s m
g .
5
Ot t l ey, D oct of t he I n ca rn a t i on , v ol 1 1 6 4
. . . .
7
Smy r 3 . .
with d sc t th gh M y f m D vid d th ugh th

e en rou ar ro a an ro e
H ly Spi it f m G d But I m t c vi c d by Z h s
o r ro o . a no on n e a n
’
c ful gum t th t t h m S is ss ti lly d

a re ar en a e na e
“
on
”
e en a an
e xclusiv ly l t iv t t h mi cul us bi th i t h fl h
e re a e o e ra o r n e es .
1
If w t k such ph s s
e a J sus Ch ist wh w with
e ra e as
“
e r ,
o as
th F th b f t h w lds
e a er J sus Ch ist His S
e ore e or ,
”
2 “
e r on ,
wh is His w d th t p c d d f m sil c still ” 3

o or a ro ee e ro en e, or ,
m ore l v tly d sc ipti lik J sus Ch ist wh

re e an ,
a e r on e
“
e r ,
o
c m f th f m O F t h
a e or d is with O
ro d d p t d ne a er a n n e an e ar e
u to O
n if w c si d th t
ne th d sig ti is e on er a no o er e na on
a v il bl f th p xist t O i c L g s is u s d
a a e or e re -e en n e, S n e
“
o o
”
e
quit u t ch ic lly I c t but f l th t i c F th

e n e n a , an n o ee a —S n e a er
h odo d S shipan ss ti lly c l tiv f him f

on a re e en a orr e a e or as or
t h w it s
e r f t h N w T st m t
er Ig tius ls c i s
o e e e a en —
na a o a rr e
S on b ckw d i t t h t l ph
”
a His vi w will
ar n o e e ern a S ere . e
th b th t th E t l S f G d b c m m wh
en e a
“
e e rn a on o o e a e an , en
G d co t d f Him th ugh M y hum lif m ly

rea e or ro ar a an e, n a e
t h lif f t h hist ic S But h w v this m y b ” 5

e e o e or on . o e er a e,
it is g d th t Ch ist is p s t d p xist t t h
a r ee a r re en e as re-e en on e
Divi ne p um tic id f His b i g N t i d d

or ne a S e o e n . o n ee
th t Ig tius k ws y t hi g f th l t d ct i f
a na no an n o e a er o r ne o
t lg
e ern a ti f h s s t h pith t i g
en era t on , or e u e e e e
“
n en era e
”
of Ch ist i His high b i g But t h Subj ct f th

r n er e n .
6
e e o e
hist ic lif h d b
or G d b f e H pp d i
a e en as o e ore e
“
a eare n
th lik ss f m
e W
en e ls fi d i Ig tius th
o an .
” 7
e a o n n na e
a u th tic lly N w T st m t id th t it w ft th
en a e e a en ea a as a er e
re su cti t h t t h S vi u s tu w fully m if st d
rre on a e a o r
’
na re as an e e
L d J sus Ch ist h w it s b i g i th F th
our or e r ,
”
e r e , e n n e a er,
is th m pl i ly visibl
e or e a n e .
”
3
I wh t s s is th p dic t G d ppli d t
n a en e e re a e
“
o a e o
Ch ist i th s l tt s ? F it is f qu tly
r n e e ppli d e er or re en so a e
i n m m ts f d p f li g v by w it wh s
o en o ee ee n , e en a r er o e
m th ism is mph tic Th

on o e ph s s lik J sus e a . ere a re ra e e
“
e
Ch ist r G d , th bl d f G d
ou r d tho p ,
” “
e oo o o ,
”
an
“
e as
1 I gn a ti us v on A n ti ochi en , 4 6 9 .
3
Mag 8 . .
5
Seeb erg, op . ci t . i . 10 1 .
7 I bid 1 9 . .
C H RI S T OL OG Y I N I GN AT I US 13 3
si on f my G do Th ti c t t f Ig tius o .
” 1
e en re on en o na
’
th ught f G d is d w f m Ch ist h s s t h two

o o o ra n ro r : e ee e
m g d i
er e O M v fu cti s d h u s of
n ne . oreo er, n on an on o r a
sp cific lly Divi ch ct

e a sc ib d t Ch i t such
ne a ra e r a re a r e o r s ,
as
th e k wl dg f no s c t h t th p w t w k
e e o our e re ea r ,
e o er o a a en
p it c t is up p ph ts t c i l v f His
en e n e, o ra e ro e , o are n o e or
Chu ch His l ti t t h Ch isti

r . th t f i
re a on o e r an Is a o n
dw lli g H is
e n v f ili g lif u i with wh m
: e ou r n e er- a n e,
”
n on o ,
esp ci lly i t h E uch ist is i p u i with t h F th

e a n e ar ,
co so n on e a er .
T u Ig tius m k s
r e, naff t t c st uct t th y f
a e no e or o on r a se eor o
th i c
e nt p s But it is flyi g i th f c f th
arn a e er on . n n e a e o e
a ctu l d t t y th t f him G d i this l ti is

a a a o sa a or
“
o
”
n re a on
“
on ly p g t xp ssi f t h f ct th t i Ch ist G d
a re n an e re on o e a a n r o
is g sp d d h ldra et l s lv ti ? if by th i s is
an e as e e rn a a a on
m t th t h sp ks f t h L d s d ity m ly i v lu
ea n a e ea o e or
’
e e re n a e
judgm ts Th simpl f ct is th t f Ig tius Ch ist

en . e e a a or na r
w as id tic l p s lly en with t h high st i th

a , e r on a on e, e e n e
high st lm h k w Ch ist s l if w t h hum lif

e r ea e ne . r
’
e as e an e
of G d His c mi g th
o ,
w l f hum ity th ugh t h
o n e re n e a o an ro e
un io f G d with m
n o H p t s i th w ds th
o an . e re ea n o er or e
simpl ligi us m d lism f St J h b t h d s with t

e re o o a o . o n, u e oe so ou
p judic t m d fi it f m ul ti s f t h t uth Th
re e o ore e n e or a on o e r . e
on e c t i thi g is th t Ch ist is t uly G d d m

er a n n a r r o an an , n o
l ss
e th th th
on e an e o er .
Ig tius bly p s ts th livi g Ch ist l gic l

na no re re en e n r o o a
f ith f which th l gy is but t h syst m tis d xp siti

a o eo o e e a e e o on ,
an d th i sist t cl ims f which h v ui d m y

e n en a o a e r ne an a
th y I
eor s s t h th d migh t w ll b t k up
. n a en e, e re a e e a en
t d y wh
o- a h d pp d it ; t ll v ts his p g
e re e ro e a a e en a es a re
e xt di ily m d
ra or d t h p ssi
nar i his w ds k ps o e rn , a n e a on n or ee ,
an d will lw ys k p his th ught f sh d vit l I

a a ee , o re an a . n
no s s w i t f i t l l ctu l p w h cuts his w y t

en e a r er o n e e a o e r, e a o
ul t i m t l i ti s by sh
a e r ea gy f f i th It is b c us
e e er ener o a . e a e
J sus Ch ist h m di t d t him t l lif th gh

e r as e a e o e e rn a e r ou
k wl dg f t h t u G d th t h m s Him t h Divi
no e e o e r e o a e na e e ne
S on .Him s lf li t tl f th l gi h xhibits t h fi st
e e o a eo o an, e e e r
Ah
1
t j d h
a n a s us i l
l a t er r e ec t e s uc p r es s i on s a s u n scri p t ura
ex .
2
v on d er Gol t z, I gn a ti u s v. A n t i och i en a l s Ch r i s t u Theol oge, 25 —26 . .
sti i gs f th l gic l i t st i th p st p st lic g ;

rr n o eo o a n e re n e o -a o o a e
an d l dy i t is cl f i t h d Ch ist
a re a b u d up , e ar , a an r a re o n
t g th
o e B li f i G d d i Ch ist th s m thi g
er . e e n o an n r a re e a e n
i di ff
n t sp cts e re n a e .
§ 4 . Th e Gn osti c Chr i stology Ig tius liv d

na e an d
w t i full vi
ro e n stic sp cul ti M d m
e w Of Gn o e a on . or e an ore
it is b i g f lt th t G sticism t m sph th th
,
e n e a no —
an a o er e ra er an
a syst m is m e sily c mp h sibl i th light f t h

—
ore e a o re en e n e o e
g l hist y f ligi th
en era f m f Ch isti i t y
or o re on an as a or o r an .
Lo mi g th h iz by th y 6 0 it b c m
o n on e lly or on e ea r , e a e r ea
d g us i th fi st h lf f t h s c d c tu y
an e ro n e r a o e e on en r ,
st ivi g it did t c ptu th G sp l f t h phil s phy

r n as o a re e o e or e o o
o f th g Th
e a Chu ch w to
e b . tu d i t myst e y r as e rn e n o a er
So ci ty e p cul tiv sch l At th

or a S t f ll G stic
e a e oo . e roo o a no
syst ms e d th y — l gi l y t h id
an f d mpti e ar e e on
1 —
a e ea o re e on ,
an d t h c victi eth t it w t b w by
on ki d f
on a as o e on a r a re n o
k wl dg I
no e w y Ch ist w e
?
m d th c t f n a a , r as a e e e n re o
a ll N t
. ly ; t fi st sight it might pp
o on if
so a r a ear as
th G e stics w no g g d i m s i us d i m p ssiv ere e n a e n a ore er o an re e
e ff t to c st u t h p s
or f th on L d th th i r e e e r on o e or an e r
or th d x ss il ts But
o o th a h d th i C h is
a an .
, on e on e an , e r r
t l gy w
o o i cu bly d c tic P tly wi g t t h
as n ra o e . ar o n o e
a cc pt d m t physic l pp siti
e e f spi it
e a d m tt a o o on O r an a er,
p tly th ugh t d cy t
ar ro i l l thi gs t hlya en en o see n a n ea r
a mystic ll g y f g t c smic d mi g p c ss s a e or o rea o re ee n ro e e ,
His lif i fl s h w diss lv d i u l pp

e n e c as o e n n r ea a ea ra n e
.
V l ti u s s ys th t J sus did t t d i k lik th

a en n a a e no ea or r n e o er
m en , d th t H an p ss d th ugh M y m ly a e a e ro ar ere as a
ch l By s m His bi th w t t lly d i d d f
an n e . o e r as o a en e ,
an o
c u s t h s m p i cipl wh ppli d t His d th

o r e e a e r n e, en a e o ea on
t h c sse bb d i t f th v lu f
ro , ro l p ssi e O th O e a e o a rea a on . n e
o th h d t h disti ctiv f tu i G sticism w its

er an , e n e ea re n no as
S h p s p ti b tw
ar e Ch ist who is t t uly hum
a ra on e een a r no r an
O 1
h m n h dt f Ge Ch l y an y bl s a es o n ost i c r i s t o og ,
s ee a v a l ua e n ot e in
S eeb erg, op i ci t 23 8
Ch h gh
. . . .
2
W hat m l ri s t d d oes for en is to rev ea t ra n s cen en t secret s , t ou
th m
ere are my l g ore s t i ca su ges t i on s .
su m u ti g th du lism which h sy h d thus pl i ly

r o n n e a ere a so a n
t ught
a .
E cho s f G stic Ch ist l gy c m l t

e o f m M ci no r o o a e a er ro ar on
( di d b ut
e a H m i t i d th t t h g d G d
o e a n a ne a e oo o
i
n c t disti cti f m t h D miu g wh h d m d
on ra n on ro e e r e o a a e
t h w ld
e t k pity up m
or —
d th t i t h fift
oo th on en , a n a n e ee n
y ear f t h E mp
o Tib ius Ch ist J sus c m d w
e eror er r e a e o n
f mh v
ro s vi g pi it ( p i i t
ea l t i )
en a s a ssum d a n S r s r us sa u a r s ,
a e
a ph t sm l b dy d m if sti g t h high st G d
an a a o , an ,
as an e n e e o ,
b g to p ch i t h sy g gu t C p u m But
e an re a n e na o e a a e rn a .
his d ct i h cu i us i c sist ci s H m y h v
o r ne as r o n on en e . e a a e
id tifi d Ch is t with t h g d G d ; i th t di cti

en e r e oo o n a re on
l y l l his
a a ligi us i t sts Y t t ti m s t h is
re o n ere . e a e ere a
cl disti cti
ea r A d it is m k bl th t with ll his
n on . n re ar a e a , a
d c tis m t which t h id f hum bi t h g wth is

o e ,
o e ea o an r or ro
i t l bl h y t tt ch s high v lu t t h c ucifixi
n o e ra e, e e a a e a a e o e r on
i flict d
n Ch ist by t h D m iu g H
e on ls th r e e r e. ere a o e
Chu ch f lt th t th f i t h f th I c ti is v p t d
r e a e a o e n a rn a on e a ora e
i u hist ic f
n n ci s or an e .
5 . vi g t i t wid
Th e Ap ostles Cr eed — M o
’
n ou n o a
'
er
fi ld l t us
e ,
bs v
e p f u d i flu c x t d by
n ow o er e t h e ro o n n en e e er e
th e li st f m s f wh t is k w
ear e or th A p stl s o a no n as e o e
’
C d Th p s t L ti t xt g s b ck ly t t h
re e .
1
e re en a n e oe a on o e
e ighth c tu y p ssibly t
en t h sixthr ; but,
its mor i o o e a n
co t ts
n en b t c d m uch f th ca n d sch l s d sc ib
e ra e ar e r, a n o ar e r e
it th G llic
as c si f t h h t R m symb l
e a an r e en on o e S or er o an o ,
th t is t h symb l us d i t h Chu ch f R m f m th
a , e o e n e r o o e ro e
t hi d c tu y w ds d v
r en t d th
r on p st lic ar ,
an en era e e re a s a n a
“
o o
h i l m Th is vi tu l g m t th t t h igi l
e r oo . er e r a a ree en a e or na
G k t xt f this B ptism l C d w i xist c b f

ree e o a a ree as n e en e e ore
15 0 h w l g b f is still disput d K tt b h m k s
o on e ore e . a en usc a e
R m its bi t hpl c
o e b ut 1 0 0 H ck b ut 1 5 0 Z h
r a e a o ,
a rn a a o a n
an d L fs m oo l ss f ll wi g C sp i l k f its
,
ore or e o o n a ar , oo or
or igi t Asi M i
n o d d t it s m wh a i th p i d n or , a n a e o e ere n e er o
10 0 13 0 — W t c c d h with t h d t ils
. e a re no on e rn e e re e e a
o f t h p bl m ;e d i t s ti g
ro e t h v i ti s i an n er e n as a re e ar a on n
C f L f f
“ 7 1
. oo s , L ei t a d en ,
8 —8 8 .
’
TH E A P OS T LES C RE E D 13 7
th e li st G k d L ti f ms th y
ea r e f ree an a n or , e a re o no
re ligi us imp t c o But w sh ul d t t h t i dic or a n e.

1
e o no e e r a
t ms i whic h t h Ch isti f i t h is h c f w d
er n e r an a en e or ar ex
p ss d F m this tim
re e . th Chu ch p f ss d
ro e ou e r ro e e a
k wl dg of G d d t ught it t h c t chum s
no e e o ,
an a o er a e en ,
which g sps Him F th S d H ly Spi it

ra With as a e r, on a n o r .
ou t this t h Ch isti f i t h i G d c t b put i w ds ;

e r an a n o an n o e n or
t h God fe d mi g p w d t uth is th s th
o re i ee n o er an r e e ree n
u ityn .
Th s c d ticl of t h Ap stl s C d cc di g
e e on ar e e o e
’
ree ,
a or n
t o m st ci t s u c M c llus f A cy is
our o an en o r e, ar e o n ra , as
f ll ws
o o
- 1
Xp w r ov
r a
9
a
(e ev w GLS
A ) '
GLS
'
n a v r ox a r o a
‘ ‘
6 0 11 Ka t
p p
I
I na ov v, a br o v numu r ov
a A A
xv
‘
r e v v tov e ve r e v n, T OV t ov
r ev n / p ,
l M a p l a s 7 77 9 n a p fiev ov
I
dew a d yi ov
A
'
e /c n ve vna r oe
‘
«
y ev v n r
it a ,
f
H ov rt ov c
l l
e
3
‘
TOV errt
'
a r ov a ra
v ev r a lea i 7 a
¢ ! ll 7 a ma t
I I ’ 9
fin va fi d v r a
I
d
a A 6
e le 7 a m 11 6 /( o m et c
A
' ' '
7 r e
37 p rr
y pa a v a a r a v ra
p ,
I
dn Bef t d 5 9 6 1)
’ ’
T O US xa uev ov eu T OU 77
a 0 9,
‘
O i z a v ov e [Ca t
p
w-
SI I I
2
Co i
h
e
px
'
e ra t le
p w ew ra g Ka v efc o v s
p
‘
.
This is bvi usly c mmixtu f sup tu l d hist ic

o o a o re o er n a ra an or
f cts with vi tu lly

a ,
c mm t y i t p t ti r a no o en a r or n er re a on .
A d hist y is i sis t d
n b c us t h Chu ch st d
or n e on e a e e r oo con
f t d with
ron e s d d c tism d f u d i t m st a r ea on e o e ,
an o n s o
p w ful w p f d f c i
o er sim pl cit l of t h
ea on o e en e n a e re a e
f cts f Ch ist s c
a oTh t uth is w w th r ticl ’
a r eer . e r ,
e o e e ar e
just q u t d t t y d si t xhibit J sus Ch ist

o e ,
no o an e re o e e r as
a m v ll us Divi b i g but t
ar e oi s t i ct f t h ne e n , o an n n or e
R d m s t u hu m ity H c t h u m ti f
’
e ee er r e an . en e e en e ra on o
th m i p i ts f His lif f m
e a n l bi th hum
o n o e, ro a r ea r — an
th ugh mi c ul us th ugh p ssi d th bu i l d

o ra o — ro a on , ea ,
r a ,
an
Th i1
q i wh h
is s (
t rue fi m)
e v en of the u es t on et er on l y nov oy eu ,
u n i cu
or d our d l Lor d
s t oo i n the ori gi n a t ext s of t h e fi rs t cl a us e of th e secon
a rt i cl e.hd m H h
S uc h m et a i l s
y b e s t ud i e d i n
a a n, B i bl i ot ek d er S y bol e u .
G l a u bcn s regel n d er a l ten K i r ch e3, 22 ff

H h
.
2
7 T aj l n, 1 d R m mb l he con ec t ura re con s t ruc t i on of t h e Ol o an Sy o
b P f d ff f m h
.
( R) gi v en y M G (A i ff ei t
’
ro ess or c p ostl es Creed , i ers ro t e
hd f h
,
g m
t ext i v en a b ov e on l y i n
d l m i n or et a il s , wh i c o n ot s eri ou s
y odi
y t e
se n se .
re su cti t His p s t s ssi i gl y d futu

rre on , o re en e on n or an re
c mi g Judg f t h w ld
o n as e o e or .
It is ill gi tim t h w v t sugg st th t ll this

e a e, o e e r, o e a a
hum i m plicity c v s d c ssit t s high i mpl i

an S o er an ne e a e no er ~
c ti s I th t m ( ly b g tt ) S f x m pl
a on . S e er
“
on - e o en on ,
”
or e a e,
a ppli d to Ch ist m ly i
e imm t s s i r ere n an a n en en e , n a
h ight d m d f th pith t
e en e us d i th Ol d
o e o e e e as e n e
T st m t ? O d s it c y t sc d t sig ific ti
e a en r oe a rr a ra n en en n a on,
i dic ti f S ship which li s b y d t h b u ds f

n a ve o a on e e on e o n o
tim ? Th l tt vi w is disti ctly t h m p b bl

e e a er e n e ore ro a e .
Th t t h m S
a h
e na its p i t f d p t i th
e
“
on
”
as o n o e a r ure n e
ea r thly lif f Ch ist is s f limiti g it t th t

e o r n o r ea on or n o a
lif W h v s g u d f b li vi g th t t h wid
e . e a e ee n ro n or e e n a e er
us g is ill u st t d i t h N w T st m t ; d
a e ra e g ds n e e e a en an as r e a r
t h Ap stl s C d th d ubt th t p vi us
’
e o e b r ee , ere ca n e no o a re o
d c t mp y w it s m God F th “ ”
an on e ora r t r er na e a er no
re al tiv ly t th c t d w ld m ly b u t with sp ci l
e o e rea e or er e , e a
f c t J s u s Ch ist I H m s i th E pistl
r e eren e o e r . n er a ,
n e e
t Di g t
o i B b s i Ig t ius G d is
o n e us, n ti l lyarn a a , n na ,
o essen a
F th
a M er v b li f i t h p xist c of t h
. ore o er, e e n e r e -e en e e
Divi i Ch ist if t iv s l by th middl f th

ne n r ,
no un er a e e o e
s c d c t y w v y wid sp d Fi lly th
e on en ur ,
as er e rea . na , ere
is t h v b l e g m t f t h C d its lf Th
er a a rra n e en o e ree e . e
fi st t w ticl s sw t
r o arch th C e it b an er o ea o er .
“
an e
b li v d sks D Sw t th t P i m i th fi st cl us
e e e ,
”
a r . e e,
“
a a re n e r a e
o f th C d h e p sp ctiv f c t Fi li m i
re e as no ro e e r e ere n e o a n
th s c d?
e O
e on th i iti l m ti ” 1
f th F th n e n a en on o e a er
f ll ws th t f His S
o o ad H o ft b i g d sig t d on an e, a er e n e na e
by His hist ic m is fi st put i l ti t G d byor na e, r n re a on o o
th edj ctiva l y b g tt
e de xt i “
l ti t
on - e o en , an ne n re a on o
Ch isti s by t h titl L d O ly sup mu d

r an e e
“
or . n as ra n an e
i
n b i g c uld H b wo shipp d bs lut ly L d f
e n o e e r e a o e as or o
m d by p ity f
en , a n s i g ly i vi t f p ar o r ea on n on n r ue o a re
mu d n d pan e hist ic l ti ship c uld H b

an re - or re a on o e e
a bs lut ly S
o of G d Aft this s l m pp ll
e
“
on o . er o e n a e a
ti th ticl p oc ds t ffi m His t c i t
on, e ar e r ee o a r en ra n e n o
hum lif an d to d t il t h e, it ms f His lif St y

an e a e e O e- or .
1 Th e Ap ostl es Creed , 23
’
.
C H AP T E R I I .
BE G I NN I NGS GMA O F T H E C H RI S O L O GI CAL D O T .
1 Th Ap l gi t
. Th G
e k Ap l gists f t h s c d
o o s s— e r ee o o O e e on
c tu y ( th m s t imp t t m s
en r e A istid s Justi
o or a n na e a re r e , n
M ty ar T h philus d Ath g s) ff
r, eo st iki g ,
an en a ora o er a r n
c t st t th m t l ttitud v l d i t h Ap stl s
on ra o e en a a e re ea e n e o e
’
C d I st d f pl i cit l f f cts th y p p s d
r ee . n ea o a a n re a o a ,
e ro o e ,
as Ch isti phil s ph s t giv

r an d i g f t h id s o o er ,
o e a ren er n o e ea
of t h G sp l i e th sci tific
o p cul tiv l gu g f
e n e en or S e a e an a e o
th d y
e I aCh ist th y p ss ss d wh t phil s phy is
. n r e o e e a o o
ev s ki g d t h high k wl dg g iv by t h w
er ee n ,
an e er no e e en e ne
f ith t h y w st v t m k xplicit i
a e no d f siv ro e o a e e n a e en e
st t m t f Ch isti ity A d
a e en o id f m u l which
r an . n on e ea or or a
th y us d to t f th th dig ity of C h ist s P s

e e se or e n r
’
er on
aff ct d l t
e eth l gy t its d pths This w t h
a er eo o o e . as e
phil s phic l c c pti f th L g s sp cul tiv d p sit

o o a on e on o e o o ,
a e a e e o
of v i d syst ms
ar e Th Ap l gists c i d v this
e . e o o a rr e o er
l stic id with th m f m ld studi s d i th i

e a ea e ro o er e ,
an n e r
w iti gs w
r n th tt mpt b i g m d t c m bi it
e s ee e a e e n a e o o ne
with t h c victi etiv t t h b li vi g mi d th t

on on , na e o e e e n n , a
Ch ist is 9 6 w ll t h c sci us ss th t i p i t
r 6 9 , as e as e on o ne a n o n
of f ct th y f u d th ms lv s i sti ctiv ly p yi g Him

a e o n e e e n n e a n
Divi h u ne on o r .
F t h mi d f th t g b it
or e m mb d th L g s
n o a a e, e re e ere , e o o
sum m d up ll t h Divi f c s
e gisi g i th w lds
a e ne or e e n er n n e or
of tuna d pi it It w
re anf mul c p bl f S r . as
“
a or a a a e o
LI T E RAT U RE — E n gel h ard t , Da s Ch ri sten tu m J u sti n s , 1 8 7 8 ; Hol l a n d ,

“ ”
a rt i cl e J us t i n u s , i n D i et of Ch r B i og Fl e mm i n g , Zur B eur tei l un g d es
. . .
Ch r i sten tums J usti n s , 18 9 3 ; K un ze, D i e Gottes l ehre d es I ren aeu s , 18 9 1 ;

H arn a ck , ar t i cl e “
M on a rch i a n i s m us , i n RE xi ii
”
Za n , Ma rcel l u s von . . h
A n cyra , 1 8 6 7 ; St i e r, D i e Gottes u n d L ogosl eh re Tertul li a n s, 1 8 9 9 ; Fa i r a
b a i rn , Ch r i st i n Mod ern T h eol ogy , 18 9 3 .
14 0
TH E AP OL OGI ST S 14 1
e xp ssi gre sc d t d u ch g bl tu f
n th e t ra n en en an n an ea e na re o
G d o th on h d d th
e th His ful ss f
on e an ,
an on e o er ne O
c tiv d pi itu l p w s Th c u t c c pti ” 1

r ea e an S r a o er . e rre n on e on
o f G d b i g u t t ly bst ct
o e n d t sc d t m di t er a ra an ra n en en , a e a or
w as qui d t b i g Him i c t ct wi t h th w ld
re re o r n n on a e or ,
an d this fu cti ly t h L g s c uld fulfil T t h

n on on e o o o . o e
Ap l gists th
o o H is i His disti ct
,
p s lbi g
en , e n n or er on a e n a
p duct f th F th s will ( ép y p w b
ro o e f b
p )
a er
’ ’
f
ov n r or x ov r e ; nar q ,
t h ugh t
o lly imm t e e rn a p i cipl i G d wh h a n en as a r n e n o ,
o as
ne v b dx yer I d
een tim H c m f th i d o os . n ue e e a e or n or er
t oc t ll thi gs b g tt f m t h F t h by His
rea e a n , e o en ro e a er ,
pw o d will but
er a n t by bscissi if th ss c f
,
no a on , a s e e en e o
th F th w divid d
e a er N u m ic lly disti ct f m
e re e .
”
2
er a n ro
th F th H is y t
e a wi t h Him i will I vi tu
er ,
3
e e on e n . n r e
o f His igi H is sub d i t t th high st G d but

or n e or na e o e e o ,
H m y b c ll d
e a s c d G d d ght t b w shipp d
e a e a e on o ,
an ou o e or e .
Fi it i His w b i g i c th w tim wh H
n e n o n e n , S n e e re as a e en e
b g t b H f ms t h tu l g f v l ti t
e an o e, e or e na ra or an o re e a on o
t h fi ite L stly H h pp d i Ch ist t i p t

n e . a , e as a ea re n r ,
no n ar
m ly b t c m pl t ly I Ch ist th w l w f f d m
er e u o e e . n r e ne a o re e o
h as b t f th i
een its ti ty but th L g s h d
se or n en re , e o o a
p vi usly b
re o p tiv i t h p ph ts f t h Ol d
een O era e n e ro e o e
T st m t d v i h th s g s H l
e a en an is e en n ea en a e . e a on e
p p ly t b c ll d S
ro er o e a e on .
4
E xc pt Justi e f th Ap l gists b st ws y n, n on e o e o o e o an
p ticul tt ti up t h d ct i
ar ar a f I c
en ti on on e o r ne o n arn a on .
Th old e id th t t h u i f Divi
er ead hum i a e n on o ne an an n
Ch ist t k pl c t th B ptism is t f u d i his p g s ;

r oo a e a e a no o n n a e
i st d h sp ks f J sus th Ch ist b i g f l d t h
n ea , e ea o e e r ,
“
e n o O e
Lgs o o w by t h will f G d h vi g b c m m
no e o o a n e o e an
f ort h hum ec ; di p ss g g s f i t
an ra e
5
an n on e a a e oe so ar n o
d t il t ffi m th t Ch ist th wh l L g s wh
e a as o a r a
“
r ,
e o e o o ,
o
a pp d f e a re s k s b c m lik b dy d s
or ou r d a e ,
e a e a e o an r ea on a n
so ul This mph sis up t h p s c f t h wh l

.
”1 e a on e re en e o e o e
1
H arn a ck , H i s tor y of D ogm a i i 20 7 ,
. .
2
J us t i n Ma rt y r, D i a l og . c . Tr yp h . c . 1 28 .
1 d p t d/AQS gr ep bv 1
Ap ol 11 6
‘
T L. . . .
5 6
I bi d 1 6 3 . . cf . 23 . I bid i i 1 0 . . .
L g s i th S vi u is ch ct istic f Jus t i
o o n e a d f ms
o r a ra er o n , an or
t h i m plicit g u d up
e which h g s i d cl i g u dly
ro n on e oe n e ar n ro n
th t Ch ist is G d d m
a r It is pl usibl vi w
“
o an an .
”
a a e e
which fi ds i him th fi st f i t b gi i gs f t h
n n e r a n e nn n o e
“
tw tu s d ct i
o-n a i flu ti l i l t c tu i s ;
re
”
o r n e, so n en a n a er en r e
a t ll va ts i ehis c t mp y M lit f S d s th
en n on e ora r e o o ar e er e
is cl a llusi t t h t w s bst c s i Ch ist

ea r a on o e
“
o u an e n r .
Acc di g t Justi t h L g s ( wh
or n v
o
p i c t is n, e o o o e en as re - n ar n a e
d sig t d Ch ist) c m d w f m h v
e na e r S pi it d a e o n ro ea en as a r
1
an
m d Hims lf
a e with t h fl sh c c iv d f M y H
e on e e e on e e o ar . e
a ss ts i d d th t th Spi it d p w f G d m ti d
er ,
n ee ,
a e r an o er o o en on e
by St Luk is just t h L g s Hims lf

. e t h t J sus e o o e , so a e
’
hu m ity m y b d sc ib d
an th c ti
a p duct
e e r e as e rea on or ro
o f t h i dw lli g L g s
e n Y t J sus g w up lik
e n th o o . e e re e o er
m en ,usi g t h p p m s f g wth d ssig i g t

n e ro er ean o ro ,
an a n n o
ea ch st g f t h d v l pm t th t which b fi t t d it Th
a e o e e e o en a e e . e
r is en d x lt d L d will h ft judg th w ld ;
an e a e or ere a er e e or
m ea nwhil His ig f m h v giv s vict y t His

e re n ro ea en e or o
p pl v d m s d ll vil p w s
eo e o er e on an a e o er .
Th i dic ti s i Justi th t u th d x vi ws
er e a re n a on n n a n or o o e
re g di g Ch is t s high b i g w
ar n rt lw ys f lt t
’
er e n ere no a a e o
i v lv t h f f i t u f t h Ch is t i
n o e e m A d this
or e re o e r an na e . n
is i t lligibl wh w c ll ct th t f him Ch is t s
n e e en e re o e a or r
’
S vi u h d m i ly c sist d i His h vi g t ught m

a o r oo a n on e n a n a on o
th ism de w m anlity B c m i g m cc di g
a ne ora .
“
e o n an a or n
t His will H i st uct d us i

o th s thi gs f t h
, e n r e n e e n or e c on
v sier d
on a n st ti f th hu m re c ora on o e a n ra e .
” 2
All this h v lu t h t stifyi g t th p f u d

as a e ra er as e n o e ro o n
imp ssi m d by Ch ist

re on mi d d t mi d to b
a e r on a n e er ne e
phi l p h i th
OSO s d Ch is t l gic l sch m I
c an a s a r ea on e r o o a e e . n
p ticul t h i t ducti f t h L g s c c p t i w
ar a r, e n ro on o e o o -
on e on as
a dubi us xp di t d b f l g it w t p v
o e e en , an e ore on as o ro e
its lf w p which m g sp d ly by t h bl d
e a ea on en ra e on e a e .
It is littl w d i d d th t id with i mp si g
e on er , n ee ,
a an ea SO o n
a hist y sh uld thus h v b c ptu d f Ch isti

or o a e e en a re or r an
T m
1
er f q m d w
s a re n ot h m d f h L in re uen t l y e pl oy e hic see to i en t i yt e ogos
a nd t h e S p i ri t .
2
Ap ol i 23 . . .
14 4 TH E P E RS ON OF J ES US C H RI ST
l gic l pl
o A d wh
a A th sius c m t th disc u ssi
an e . n en a na a e o e on
a c tu y l t h w f c d t put th L g s Ch ist l gy
en r a er , e as or e o e o o r o o
a sid O t h th h d it w p ticul ly sy t
e . n e o er an , as ar ar ea o
expl i it i S b lli
a n s s T h us vi w f t h
n a a e an en e .
1
a re e o e
w k f t h Ap l gis t s m th h lf i cli s
or o e t o o ore an a n ne on e o
acqui sc i L fs v dict Th i d ct i f t h L g s
e e n oo
’
er :
“
e r o r ne O e o o
is t h igh Ch ist l gy th t h c mm
no a
‘
; it er
’
r o o an e o on on e
f lls h t f t h g ui ly Ch isti sti m t f Ch is t

a S or o e en ne r an e a e o r .
It is t G d th t m if sts Hi ms lf i Ch ist b t th
no o a an e e n r , u e
L g s d p t t i t d G d G d wh
o o , a G d is sub
e o en a e o , a o o as o
or di t t G d M st High
na e o o o .
”
2
But whil Justi s f mul s thus l d him t c t st e n

’
or a e o on ra
f t lly t h F th
a a d th L g s t h c c pti h
e a er an e o o , e on e on e
w d v u i g t xp ss w i
a s en ea s s d lyl t
o r n o e re as n no en e is o a o
Ch ist M t h
r c h p t sts g i st b i g ccus d
.
“
ore a n on e e ro e a a n e n a e
of w shippi g orm m Ch ist th L g s is t h n a e re an . r , e o o , e
t u S f G d d h His pl c ss ti lly i t h
r e on o o , an as a e e en a n e
Sph f th C t
e re o e rea or .
2 us
. tiv f Asi M i
I r en oeus d
.
— I ren ae , a na e o a n or, an
bish p f Ly s t h i d th i
o o 20 0 w ton g ta s ea n or n ear ,
ro e a rea
w k Ad
or ,
H b ut t h y 1 8 5 Th i flu c
ver su s oer eses, a o e ea r . e n en e
up his mi d f th Asi M i t diti is sh w i

on n o e a n or ra on o n n
a uli g t d cy t k p t t h i m di f
r n en en ml o ee o e v a e a o n or a
Ch isti thi ki g d sch w b ld p cul ti s

r an n th
n , an e e o S e a on on e
in n er lif f G dh d G stic Ap l gist vi ws f th

e o o ea . no or o o e O e
e m ti f th W d xp ss d i t ms f m t i l
an a on o e or , e re e n er o a a er a
h w
u e, sp ci lly dist st ful t h i m F
ere e e a a e o . or no on e
O 1
w w n d w wh h m
th e t m b l d by
o L
ron g roa s do n ic en i gh t e e th e ogos
Ch l m
’
ri s t ol o R
gy , se e a u i n ous A l n ot e in a in
y s n ci en t Ca th o i c Ch u r ch , 20 5 .
w
E ls e ( h m
h ere h e s a y s 20 3 of t
) L F h d m e t er gos or t e
o o es t i c i n t eres t s
of f h
th e ai tw d i d th e T Cuse of t hi s or s n ot i n i s p en sa bl e he h urch h a s
f m d ll w h
.
,
” “
ra e a m
h er grea t creed s I C i d i t ou t e p l oy i n g i t f . h ri s t i a n ty h a
d d
e pe n L w M Gl
e d on t h e ogos ,
”
( fl f ri t es r. ov er Con i ct o Rel i gi on s , 3 0 3
“
wit d h fl w
oul g h l m a vewh w oA lo d ed t h e Lo os to t e i bo i t h er en t eon an
Ap h rr d S moi a a n h hd
p er a t i cos Logos
p B ut t at t h e Logos h as n ot eri s e is
f h h
.
d ue to the h b on e a ct t h a t i t
h h ld as een b orn e t r ou
g t h e a ges on t e s ou ers
”
of J es u s .
2
L ei tf a d en 1 29 . Dr S a n d ay ( Ch r i stol ogi es A n ci en t a n d Modern , 14 —21)
.
p ut s t h e ot h er si d e p ers ua si v ely .
I RE N ZE US 14 5
u d st ds how th
n er an fo th by t h F th e Son is br oiI gh t r e a er ;
His bi th by t h r f th
, c s is i ff bl e na tu re o e a e, ne a e
(g ti
en era i bi li ) oG sticism i pp siti t
n cna r r a s .
1
no ,
n o o on o
which I us puts f th ll his st gth h m d it

ren ae or a ren , as a e
ne ec ss y t ss t t h u ity d simplicity f G d
ar o re a er e n an o o ,
but th ugh G d b i sc ut bl ( h I us g s with

o o e n r a e ere r en ae a ree
his dv s i s) it is His will t v l Hims lf s vi gly

a er ar e , o re ea e a n
t m o A L g s i d d H h
en . lw ys b m if st d
s o o ,
n ee , e as a a een an e e
in t h w ld fi s t th ugh t h
e or p ph ts fi lly i Ch ist
,
r ro e ro e , na n r
His S Th u g h t h W d Him s lf wh h d b c m
on .
“
ro e or e , o a e o e
visibl d p lp bl w t h F t h sh w f th ; l l w
e an a a e, as e a er o n or a sa
t h F the i th S a f th F th i th i i i bl f th
er n e on : or e a er s e nv s e o e
Al gsid
”
S on ,b t th S thu i i bl f th F
e th on f e v s e o e a er .
2
on e o
th m d lism f such xp ssi s

e o a fu d sm fi t o e re on a re o n o e a n
sugg sti s f K tic vi w W ll sp k h w

e on o a en o e :
“
e a e e, e
r ea d wh s id th t t h m su bl F th w Hims lf
,
“
o a a e un ea ra e a er as e
subj ct d t m su i t h S ; f th S is th
e e o ea re n e on or e on e
m su f t h F th i c H ls c m p h ds Him
ea re o e a er , S n e e a o o re en .
” 3
A d g i
n F a this c us th i c mp h sibl d
a n : or a e e n o re en e an
b u dl ss d i visibl O m d Hims lf s
o n e an d n e ne a e e een an
a pp h d d d c m p h d d by th s wh b li v th t
re en e an o re en e o e o e e e, a
H might vivify such c iv d b h l d Him by f ith ”

4
e a s re e e an e o a .
Th is v l ti l id tit y f Ch ist d G d
ere a re e a on a en o r an o .
I m st ts f m t h hist ic J sus th G d m
re n us ar ro e or e , e o -
an ,
no t f m th c smic L g s d his c t l p b l m is
ro e o o o ,
an en ra ro e
Why did Ch ist d sc d ? I y c s Ch ist i th

r e en
5
n an a e, r s e
L g s i hu m guis with
o o n t l p l p xist an e, an e ern a ers on a re -e
c lyi g b hi d His t hly c

en e n But it is f ui t l ss
e n ear a r ee r . r e
t il t build up th
o o i s f His igi f m i G d eor e O or n ro or n o ,
wh th e p p t y pp ch t c ti
er as a th re a ra or a roa o r ea on or o er
wis T h i m t Ig tius t h p hist ic O is

e . O as o na e re- or ne un
b g tt
e o en d i pl c h visits with an n on e a e e
g v c su th s wh t sf th g
ra e en re ti f o e
“
o ra n er e en era on o a
w d u t t d by m t t h t l W d f G d
or ere en o e e ern a or o o ,
a ssig i g t Him b gi i g f m g c d g sis

n n o a e nn n o e e r en e an a en e .
” 6
1
ad v . H aer . 11 . 28 . 6 .
2
iv . 6 . 6 .
2 1
iv 4 2 . . .
‘
i v 20 . . 5 .
Il
i i 14 7
. . .
°
ii 13 8 . . .
Wit h e qu l
gy h p t sts g i st th G stic diff
a en er e ro e a a n e no er
f th L g s d th m J sus Th R d m s ’
en t i ti a on o e o o an e an e . e e ee er
p s is th th bidi g ity f G d wit h m

er on ra er Th e a n un o o an . e
Divi i Ch ist h ne ms Sn pp tly wh it

r e na e
“
on , a a re n , en
is d si d t b i g t His l ti to t h F th b u t
e re o r n ou re a on e a er,
“
L g s quit i t h m
o o ,
”
f t h F u th G sp l wh
e n e an n e r o e o r o e , en
H is c t mpl t d
e th
on e g t v l ti t h W d a e as e rea re e a on , e or or
V ic f G d m ki g Him pp h sibl
o e o o ,
a n a re en e .
F I us t h w k f Ch ist d His p s
or re n ae e or o r an er on a re
on e g ic lly d w g i light up
or a n a ch f m t h
,
an e a n on ea ro e
stu dy f b th t g th o Hum ity w o t ld li s io e er . an , e a re o , e n
i
s n d d th
an I Ch ist this f llea c is s v d t
. n r a en ra e a e , no
by m t chi g er e light m t but i th d p

ea n or en en en , n e ee er
f shi f wh t m d w uld c ll p s l id ti fi
a on o a a o e rn o a er on a en ca
ti on I . His i fi it l v H w m d
1
n w i
n n e o e e as a e as e ar e n
or d th t H might m k us to b
er a H is
e O a e e as e . ur
fl hly es d c uptibl an tu is it w fus d

orr e na re ,
as e re , e or
i cul t d with D ity d m d imm t l W h t w

no a e e ,
an SO a e or a . a e
l st i th fi st Ad m w c v d i Ch ist t h s c d
o n e r a , e re o e re n r e e on
Ad m ; f a w b c m p t k s f t h Divi
2
or a s tu e e o e ar a er o e ne na re ,
u i with i c upti c f s
n on us s lv ti f m
n orr on on e r on a a on ro
c uptibility I oth w ds Ch ist s v s by g th i g

orr . n er or , r a e a er n
th ti
e c i t Hims lf d f i g it with His
en re ra e n o e an su q n
Spi it P hysic l t ms
r . us d f l y but it w uld b a er a re e ree , o e
a mist k t im gi th t I us t k s d mpti t
a e o a ne a ren ae a e re e on o
b pu ly thic l m t i l p c ss O t h c t y
e a re un e a or a er a ro e . n e on ra r ,
f or ll t h w ight l id up
a th e dv t f Ch ist i
e a on e a en o r , as n
its lf d mpto i l it is xpl i d cl ly th t t h I

e re e r a , e a ne ear a e n
c t O h d still w k to d which i v st d His

a rn a e ne a a or o, n e e
lif th with l sot i l gic l m i g H p ss d

e on e ar rea er o o a ean n . e a e
th ugh v y g of h um lif ; p f ct H w H
ro e er a e an e
3
er e as e a s, e
bcm e a i f t lik th st f m ki d H f c d
e an n an e e re o an n , e a e
t mpt ti H b w d Hims lf t t h l st suff i g f

e a on , e o e e o e a er n o
d th ea N is I u s with u t
. or l i t st i ren ae o a rea n ere n ou r
1
On t h e cen t ral i d ea o f reca p i t ul a t i o ( d va xeqba h a i wm s) cf Seeb erg op ,
.
,
. ci t .
i . 325 ff ,
B et h un e -Bak er, E a r l y H i tary of Ch r i s ti a n D octr i n e 3 33 ft , , an d
Ot t l ey , D e al . o f th e I n ca r na ti on , i . 219—21 .
2
2
i i i 18. . 1. u . 22 4. .
14 8 TH E P E RSON or J ES US CH RI S T
a git t d by t w m d s f th ught which b g t m k

a e o o e o o e an o a e
th ms lv s f lt
e e th cl s f th s c d c tu y d
e e n ear e o e o e e on en r ,
an
which s m bl t h ld E bi ism d D c t ism

re e e e o er on an o e on a
high pl er Th fi st f th s t d ci s d g d
an e . e r o e e en en e en an ere
Ch ist s divi ity t h s c d His disti cti f m t h

r
’
n ,
e e on n on ro e
F th ; d t h c flict l st d th m th c tu y
a er an e on a e ra er or e an a en r .
B th g u d t h m M chi is m th ugh f v y
o o n er e na e on a r an ,
o o er
di ff t typ s Th m w d w f m t h i i sist
e ren e . e na e as ra n ro e r n
en c th
e onu ity f p i cipl i G d ( p p ) d it
e n o r n e n o ay a a ,
an
w as c di l p i t with th m to d y ll p s l
a ar na o n e en a e r on a
disti cti s i th Divi B i g F m T tulli w

n on n e ne e n . ro er an e
ca n see th t th y w bl t m k v y st g pp l
a e er e a e o a e a er ron a ea
t simpl h
o t d m mb s f th Chu ch
e - ea r e e er o e r .
( ) y
1 D m i M hi i m na This t h m cti l on a r c an s .
1—
,
e ore ra on a
ist of th t w vi ws m d its fi st pp
e o c i th e ,
a e r a e a ra n e n e
W st S m wh
e . b tw o 18 9 e d 199 c ti
er e e e en an a er a n
l th m h t f m Byz tium by m Th d t us
ea er - erc an
'
ro an ,
na e eo o ,
2
t ught Dy m ism t R m
a nad w xc m mu ic t d by a o e, an as e o n a e
t h bish p V ict
e O th g
o d th t G d w st ictly
or . n e roun a o as r
u ip s l h h ld J sus t b m b m l ly i
n er on a , e e e o e a an a n or a on n
bi gb
e n f vi gi th ugh disti guish d f m th s
orn o a r n, o n e ro o er
by xc pti l h li ss d fid lity At b ptism H w

e e on a o ne an e . a e as
fill d with Di vi i fl c
e p w (S m h c
a ne
'
n ue n e or o er
’
v va q, en e
th m Dy m ic ) d x lt d ft th su c t i
e na e na ,
an e a e a er e re rre on a s
“
Divi H ne v l d G d th F th
. e d m y th re ea e o e a e r , an a ere
f b styl d His S
ore e d w shipp d
e But this c d on an or e . ree
o f t h Th d t i A t m
e d th i sy m p this s is
eo o ,
t r e on , an e r a er no
wh t w t d y sh uld c ll hu m it i ism If t
a e o- a o a an ar an . no a
p s l d p xist t L g s J sus w y t m t
e r on a an re -e en o o ,
e as e a an o
wh m d ity w g d lly c mmu ic t d S b g h lps

o e as ra ua o n a e . ee er e
u s by t h m k th t wh t t h C hu ch c d m d w
e re ar a a e
‘
r on e ne as
no t th ei ss ti s b t t h i d i ls Th s w f lt
r a er on u e r en a . e e e re e
t b p il usly t g d Wh s ys Chu ch w it “ ”
o e er o r e ro ra e . o, a a r r er
o f t h tim e wh d s t k w th w ks f I us
e,
“
o oe no no e or o re n ae ,
H 1
k ar n a c l h g p Ad p
’
s p i
rop osa l h to ca l t is rou
“
o t i an
”
s p er a
ps ra t h er
ill d
-a d R
v i se See E iv 38
h d f m Th d
. . . .
“
H 2
e i s t o be d i s t i n
g h b k h ui s e ro eo ot us t e an er, a n ot er
m emb er of t h e group .
M ODAL I ST I C M ONA RCH I ANI S M 14 9
Me lit o, which th y p cl im Ch ist

and t he re st , in e ro a r as
G d o d m an Of c u s it is p ssibl t
an y th t this o r e o e o sa a
p ty h d s m x t liti s f t h Sy ptic t diti

ar a o e e e rn a e o e no ra on
on i sid Th i d f x mpl t h t J s u s t His

ts e . e ea , or e a e, a e a
b p t is m w
a d w d with sup hu m p w h p i t s
as en o e er an o er as o n
o f l c t ct wi t h p imitiv b li f But v
rea on a th i r e e e . e en on e r
o w sh wi g t h L d w
n o i n s s di y m
e or as n no en e an or nar an ,
nd s m f Th d tus f ll w s c t d d th t J sus
’
a o e o eo o o o er on en e a e
b c m G d ft th su cti
e a e o Th m j ity h w
a er e re r re on . e a or , o
e v d i d this d p mulg t d vi ws which h d th y

e r, en e ,
an ro a e e ,
a e
p v il d w uld h v b f t l t t h c t i u d xist c
re a e ,
o a e een a a o e on n e e en e
o f th Ch isti s ci ty Dy mic M chi ism w

e r an o e . na on ar an , e
ca n h c t i p i ts f s mbl c t m d
see, as er a n o n o re e an e o o ern
lib l th i s d is
era th wh l
e or e t l bly cl
,
an on e o e a o era ear
e x mpl f h w f t th y
a e o t th b st th l gi s
o o en e a re no e e eo o an
wh p f ss t disp s wit h th l gy
o ro e o en e eo o .
( 2) Ot h s h w v f lt th t m Ch isti w y
er ,
o e er , e a a or e r an a
m ight b f u d t p s v t h Divi
e o u i ty d which
n o re er e e ne n , an on e
i v lv d i t h
n o e di th istic L g s d c t i
ne er a vi w f e o o o r ne n or a e o
Ch ist th t duc d H i m t t h pl
r a re f b hu m itye o e an e o ar e an .
This w t h p ty f m d li ti M hi
as e ar th y o o a s c on a r c a n s,
1
or , a s e
w s m tim s m d t lt g t h u tu ll y P t i
e re o e e na e ,
no a o e er nna ra ,
a r
p i
a ss a n s Num us i E gyp t f
. lm st g e ro ti n ,
or a o a en era on
t h y h ld t h
e fi ld i R m Th y k w t h t Ch ist
e e e n o e . e ne a r
w as G d but th y w o ,
qu lly su th t G d is e ere e a re a o on e .
N sub di ti ist th
o or y w uld su ffi c H c i t h
na on e or o e . en e, n e
full b li f th t th y h d Sc iptu
e e ath i si d th y e a r re on e r e, e
re p s t d Ch ist
re e n e b i g just t h F th Hi m s lfr as e n e a er e ,
an pp a c m dific ti
e ar a n f th e G d N
or o a on o e on e o . on e
o th th H w b
er suff d d di d N t
an e as d orn , e re ,
an e . oe u s a n
P rax ea s ,b th f m Asi M i o wh iv f m f
ro a n or , e re a na e or o
m d l ism w v y l d E pig us Cl m
o a as d (i
er o , on , eo e n es , an n a
s s ) C ll i t bish p f R m
en e a s us, th m st p m i t o o o e, a re e o ro n en
na m s T tulli w t g i st P
e . er Hipp l y tus
an ro e a a n ra x ea s , o
a g i st N t
a n d th R m bish p Th m v m t
oe u s an e o an o . e o e en
1
F orl m f h d
a s ub t e e s t iwh h m h m f m a te o t e t en en c i es ic i g t l ea d en ro on e
f m M h m
or of h
on arc R y Ai ani s Ch to the ot er, s ee a in ,
n a. Oa th . u r ch ,
215 —16 .
150 TH E P E RS ON OF J E S S CH RI ST U
wa s its h ight i t h s c d d thi d d c d s of th
at e n e e on an r e a e e
s co d c tu y
e n en r .
Th th y th w
e f ll ws Ch ist is th
eor , G d
en , as as o o : r e on e o ,
on ly i sp ci lis d m d
n a sp ct m ki g v l tio
e a e o e or a e a n re e a n
p ssibl J h i s yi gs lik I d t h F th
o e . o an n n e a n e
“
an e a er are
H th t h th s“
M h th s F th
” ”
on e, or e th a a een e a een e a er,
a re m t lit lly d imply u ity of p s

ea n e ra w ll ,
an a n er on as e as
O f ss c
e Supp t m y ls h v b
en e . f u d i p i cipl s
or a a o a e een o n n r n e
O f t h S toic phil s phy f

e h ldi g th t F th d S
o o or o n a a er a n on a r e
but t w m f o na lity Acc di g to Hipp lyt u s

es or on e r ea . or n o ,
it w th t chi g of N t th t i
as e ea f t h F th
n oe us a
“
n so ar a s e a er
is t m d w ightly c ll Him F th
no a e, e But i so f
r a a er . n ar
as H w e pl s d t subj ct Hims lf t bi th H is
as ea e o e e o r , e as
en g d d b c m His w S
en ere t th S
e o f th
e o n on , n o e on o ano er .
” 1
A i visibl
s n i g t imp ssibl H is F th ;
e, n en era e, a e, e a er as
visibl g e, t d m t l H is S
en era e A d this an or a , e on . n on e
G d w
o il d
as th c ss
na d d up His pi it t
e on e ro ,
r en e re S r o
Hims lf di d y t did t di
e , e d , th thi d d y
e no e, an on e r a
ra is d Hims lf f m t h g v I N t
e e w w ds
ro e ra e . n oe us
’
o n or :
If w I c f ss Ch ist G d H cl ly is th F th
no on e r as o , e ea r e a er
if H is G d t l l N w Ch is t who Hims lf is G d
e o a a . o r , e o ,
h as su ff d ; h c t h F th h su ff d f H w
ere en e e a er as er e , or e as
th e F th a This is t h t h y i b i f T t h
er .
”
e e or n r e . O e
o bj ct who q u t d t h p l gu t th F u th G sp l
e or o e e ro o e o e o r o e ,
it w as s w d th t wh S t J h pp s t p k f
an er e a en . o n a ea r o S ea O
Ch ist p xist tly s p t f m t h F th h is

r as r e -e en e ara e ro e a e r, e
rea lly usi g th l gu g f ll g y P

n e an a e O a e or . ra x e a s , a
“
con
fes sor f Asi M i o is p ci lly xplicit P t t mp

a n or , S e a e . os e n s,
h ise p s td re s yi g p t
re en e t i p t p as a n ,
a er n a us c a er a ssn s,
i p se d en s, d omi nn s omn ip oten s J esu s Ch r i stu s p r a edi ca i ur .

2
This d w f m T tulli th biti g ph s th t

re ro f er an e n ra e a on e o
th tw
e j bs P oh d d f th
o d vil t R m ra x ea s a on e or e e a o e
w t
as c ucify th F th
o E ls wh
r h m ks th t e a er .
3
e ere e re ar a
th G d f P
e oc d is o t c t ( ip lli ) ra x eas
’
re e a urn oa c er s e s .
4
S m tim s
o e ff t w m d t v id t h c clusi
e an e or as a e o a o e on on
th t th F th su ff d by disti guishi g i t h L d s
a e a er e re n n n e or
’
1
Rep . i x 10 . .
2
Te rt a d v P ra m 2
. . . .
3 4
I bid . 1 . I bi d 2 . .
m d listic sch m F h im ls t h Divi i Ch ist

o a e e . or a o e ne n r
h as n o p s l subsist c but is m p ssi g ph s

er on a en e, a er e a n a e
o f th d ity who is d t d by t h m i wp
e on e e , en o e e na e v on c r
' -i '
.
Th ph m l sp cts F th S
r ee en o d Spi it
en a a e — a er , on , an r — are
f d t t sc d t G dh d which m i s i mm t
re erre o a ran en en o ea re a n u
a bl b hi d t h m ll I t h p p
e e n f th
e F th
'
a . n e r oso on
‘
o e a er,
G do ct d a C t e d L wgiv as ; i th p op
re a or an a er n e r os cn
o f th S e R d m on f m t h bi th t B thl h m
as e ee er , ro e r a e e e
on t th o sc si ; th c f w d th H ly Spi it
e a en on en e or ar as e o r .
E p i ph i l t s t h t S b lli us d t c mp t h
a n us re a e a a e us e o o a re e
F th t t h b f t h
a er o W e or it t h S t its o e su n as e see , e on o
light d t h Spi it t its h t ; whil Ath sius dds

,
an e r o ea e ana a
th t h d sc ib d t h F th
a e e b i g p d d i t th
r e e a er as e n ex an e n o e
S on d t h S pi it
an Th s th Divi ph s s th
e r .
1
e e ree ne a e ,
en ,
c sp d t th p i ds f v l ti
orr e on o t h Old T st
r ee er o O re e a on — e e a
m t t h N w T st m t d t h subs qu t hist y
en ,
e e e a en , an e e en or
o f th Chu ch ; t h ti d v l p m t m ki g up t h
e r e en re e e o en a n e
u ifi d hist y f G d s s lf m if st ti
n e or But wh t is
o o
’
e - an e a on . a
o f fi t t imp t c i t h syst m is S b l li xplicit

rs -ra e or a n e n e e a e us
’
e
d cl ti th t th s v l ti l sp cts f G d
e a ra on a e e re e a on a a e o o a re
i
success v e d t mp y F
an him G d is t F th
e or a r . or o no a er ,
S d Spi it simult
on , a n usly ; ly r sp ct c s s a n eo on as on e a e ea e
t o b d s e th is i t xist c
oe an o This is f er r e n o e en e . a ar
re a chi g div g c f m t h Chu ch s d ct i f th

n er en e ro e r
’
o r ne O e
Divi c my t which th wis it pp xim t s

ne e on o ,
”
o o er e a ro a e .
F m c t i i dic ti s S b l li
ro er a n pp s t h v n a on a e us a ear o a e
m difi d t h ig u f his l gic f

o e e r t o h ld th tr o o so ar as o o a
a ft ll t h F th p d mi t s th ugh ut t h
er a e a erti re o na e ro o e en re
p c ss f v l ti ; i t h S
ro e o re d S pi it H is still
e a on n e on an r e
s m h w p tiv
o e o th G dh d p
O era ll v l
e, a s e o ea ar exce en ce, r e ea
i g its lf i
n t mp y f ms But
e n e pi t h ora r or . on on e o n e
st d fi m
oo ith S r — Spi it h
ne p s l sub er on n or r as er on a
sist c en e .
Th p i t of vi w w
e ondmi bly simpl i its l gic e as a ra e n o .
S b lli is m is
a e ly M d lism quit c sci us f its lf
an on o a e on o O e ,
an d f mul t d i such
or m a e t b i g n t gl i gly a an n er a s o r n ou ar n
s m f t h d f cts f t h L g s d ct i h ld by O ig
o e O e e e o e o o o r ne e r en
1 A r i a n os , i v 25
Or . 0. . .
S AB E LLI AN I S M 15 3
an d T tulli A d it is
er t d i fficult t
an .ssig n no o a n on e
s f its f t p t d f ilu t wi t h Chu ch s

r e a on or o -re ea e a re o n e r
’
c fid c This is its d fi it g ti f t h xist c

on en e . e n e ne a on o e e en e
o f t h Divi e Ch ist ft His sc sine I His thly

r a er a en on . n ea r
lif H w G d t its cl s H w g i bs b d lik

e e as o a o e e as a a n a or e , e a
su b m t ct d c m t its tiv s u c i th
n ea re ra e on e or e o na e o r e n e sun .
This w m th as dubi us T i it i th y ; it w
or e a n a. o r n ar an eor as
an a tt mpt up t h i mm di t c t i ti s f th Ch i sti
e on e e a e er a n e o e r an
mi d d w uld i its lf h v b
n ,
an o gh to disc dit n e a e een en ou re
e xplicit S b lli ism with b li v s A d i p i t f

a e an e e er . n n o n O
his t y m y th i s which c itics h v d sc ib d

or ,
an eor e r a e e r e as
S b lli
a e lly l ck t h disti c t iv f tu f uth tic
an r ea a e n e ea re o a en
S b lli ism ; th y ig
a e an t h succ ssiv ss f th ph s s e n or e e e en e o e a e ,
an d wh t is i c s qu c t h m ly t m p y b i g
a n on e en e e ere e ora r e n
O f t h Divi e Ch ist ne r .
Th xt m i ws f S b lli h w v must t
e e re er v e o a e us , o e er, no
b e ch g d p t h M d lists g
ar e u lly I d d th
on e o a en era . n ee , er e
is g u d f h ldi g t h t
ro n c mp d with t h L g s
or o n a , as o ar e e o o
Ch ist l gy th y h d t uly c c t vi w f t h his t ic

r o o ,
e a a r on re e e o e or
Ch ist d st d f
r ,
an c c p t i th t did m justic
oo or a on e on a or e e
to re l igi us f ith R fl ctiv m d lism w

o a i iti lly ly
. e e e o a as n a on
a sid d st t m t f th u ity f tu subsisti g

on e - e a e en o e n O na re n
b tw t h S
e ee n d t h F th e A g i st this T
on an e a er . s a a n , er
t u lli h d an sy t sk i p vi g th t th N w T st
a a n ea a n ro n a e e e a
m t i m p l i s t h disti ct p s l i t y f th S
en e A d
e n er on a o e on . n
Ath sius d Hil y p ss h m t h bj cti th t

an a an ar re o e e o e on a
w it s lik P
r er diss lv t h wh l d mptiv c my
e ra x e a s o e e o e re e e e on o .
“
I nhis vi w w it s Ath sius th F th b c m s
e ,
”
r e an a ,
“
e a er e o e
th S
e d with t h
on , anbs pti f t h S t h F th e a or on o e on e a er
a ls is o m which m s Ch isti ity with u t

no or e— ea n a r an o
F tha d F th h d h
er a n ls with ut Di i S s h ip
a er oo , en ce a o o v ne on .
O n th th h d th S
e o m i ser m m d
an , e on re a n a e re na e, an
dis pp s l g with th Spi it c His missi is

a ear a on e r on e on
a cc m plish d
o It w f lt th t S b l l i h d f ll
e .
” 1
as e a a e us a a en
b ck i t th h d m th istic bst cti s f Jud ism

a n o e ar on o e a ra on O a .
B sil i d d m k s this ch g di ctly At Sy d

a ,
n ee , a e ar e re . a no
i th y
n e 26 1 S b lli ism w
ear c dm d ,
a e an as on e ne .
C Th m 1B w h f m
. o 9f a si n s - on e t sc , D og en gesch i ch te, i . 18 .
4 . T tulli th p ssi t
Ter tu l li a n d — In er an, e a on a e an
i x h us t ibly
ne a
g tic W st wh s lit y ctivity en er e e ern , o e era r a
m y b a pl c d b tw e 19 5 d 220 w
a e cu t e een an , e en o n er
a f m f Ch ist l gy wh s m i f tu s t k sh p
or o r o o o e a n ea re oo a e
in th h t f th M chi c t v sy A St ic
e ea O e on ar an on r o er . o
by phil s phic t i i g T tulli w c v t d d

o o ra n n , er an as on er e an
d i d t R m His th y f t h L g s t w h ich
or a n e a o e. eor o e o o , a
w e must fi st gl c is i g t m su r i h it an e, n r ea ea re an n er
an c f m th Ap l gist but xp d d d d p d
e ro e o o s, e an e an ee en e .
Fi st xist t i G d
r e it w
en ticip tiv ly n i o ,
as er e an a e or n
p t ti lity t h L g s s t f G d S by g
o en a , e o o aro e ou o o as on en era
ti b fon ll w lds b i g thus p j ct d

e ore a i v st d or , e n ro e e ,
or n e e
with i d p d t b i g with i w t t h c ti f t h
n e en en e n , a v e o e rea on o e
u iv s Thus H h d b gi i g f i t t mp
n er e . m e a a e nn n : a e n s, cu
fi li f t
us n oni P 8 fills l g pl c i th s p
u .
1
r
22
a ar e a e n e e S ecu
Th p c ss f t h S s c mi g t b is ctu lly ’
l ti
a on s . e ro e o e on o n o e a a
d sc ib d
e r f e m ti as d th ld fi gu
on e f th o e ana on , an e o re o e
s un d it b m
an pp s i illust ti
s F th
ea d rea e ar n ra on .
2
a er a n
S on c stitut t h on Divi subst c th e it w e on e ne an e, e on e a s ere
o v l ppi g d mb ci g t h th p t t t b t ti
er a n an e ra n e o er : a er o a su s a n a,
fi l i d
ns i ti t p t i
er va t t i f m us s t c Th y
o e or o o as
3—
a a o en e n e . e
a re diff ti t d p s s t by divisi
e re n a e s p ti as er on ,
no on or e a ra on ,
but th i vi tu f ra er c mic disti cti

n Th r e o an e on o n on . e
li s f sub di ti ism
ne o st gly m k d I th
or na on a re ron ar e .
4
n e
F th
a sid s t h pl itud f d ity i t h S
er re e e en e o e , n e on so
much ly is c sist t with His d iv d p siti

on as on en er e o on
(p m
ro d l d i ti
o u o i ) Thi gs which m y t b er va on s .
5
n a no e
a sc ib d t thr e p dic bl f t h th
o e This
on e are re a e O e o er .
sub di ti h lds v f t h p xist t L g s O

or na on o e en o e re -e en o o . n
such t ms i c sh p disti ctio is m d b tw

er , S n e a ar n n a e e ee n
th Divi xist c w d b f th g
e ne e ti f
en e no an e ore e en era on o
3
H m
a dv . er Of h h f l d i mi i A
. 3 .
2
. t e t ree o s le n p ol 21 . .
m
ad v P ra 9
h
. . .
“
M 4
r B k B ethly u n e- h m i a er s ure ov ers t ep s t e a rk in sa y n g t at t h ere
h gh h h i
.
is n o su g ges t i on b d i yor t ou t of su or i n a t i on , n an ot er sen s e t an n

”
regar d d
t o ori gi n , h m g d i h an (ev en t at is er e n t e u n i ty of s ub s t a n ce op
Th f g
.
d p d d i l L g
’
ci t . l
is is to or et Tert ul i a n s e en en ce on a. t ra i t on a o os
d oct ri n e .
5
a d v. P ra cc 14 . .
15 6 TH E P E RS ON OF J ES US CH R I S T
—
pi i t d fl sh Divi
S r d hu m
an sp ctiv ly I e ,
ne an an re e e . n
on e pl c i d d th s ul f Ch ist d His fl sh
a e, n ee , e o o r an e a re
re p s t d t w subst c s m ki g up His hum ity

re e n e as o an e a n an ,
th e Divi L g s th u s b i g thi d But his m

ne o o e n a r .
1
ore
usu l p ctic is t sp k f t w subst c s u it d i

a ra e o ea o o an e as n e n
on e p s H h lds with d cisi

er on th t i c ti is
. e o e on a n arn a on
no t m t m ph sis i t but
a e a ssu m pti f fl sh ; d
or o n o, an a on o , e an
th is thi g g i st whic h h c t ds m vig usly

ere no n a a n e on en ore oro
( f
so t icip
a r an ti g t h M physit c t v sy) t h th a n e on o e on ro er an e
vi w which bl ds spi it d fl sh t g th i
e w hyb id
en r an e o e er n a ne r
mixtu If th L g s b c m fl sh h s ys by
re .
“
e o o e a e e ,
”
e a ,
“
a
t fig
ra n s ti d ch g
u ra f subst c it t c f ll ws
on an an e o an e, a on e o o
th t J sus m u st b subst c c mp s d f t w subst c s

a e e an e o o e o o an e ,
lik l ct um c mp u d d of g ld d silv
e e e r At this o o n e o an er .
t J sus c t b G d f H h c s d t b th
ra e e a nn o e o ,
or e as ea e o e e
W d; or H b M i c t f H is t p p ly
n or c a n e e an n a rn a e , or e no ro er
fl h es This m y b g d d
.
”
2
T t l li g ui a e re ar e as er u an s
’
en ne
c victi th ugh ph s s cc
on on , w d th lik h mo ra e o ur no an en , e o o
D ec m i cet a s ,
3
or fi l i ns D ei m i scen s i n sem eti p so h omi n em et
D en m, which l k th th w y H i sists f qu tly

4
oo e o er a . e n re en
on th p m c i Ch ist s
e p s f b th sub
er an e n e n r
’
on e e r on o o
st c s ; t ly
an e ch subst c cts i d p d tly
no on s o, ea an e a n e en en
and by its lf cc di g t its w ch ct S l

e t ,
a or n o o n a ra er . a sa es
t i q
u r u s ue p p i t b t ti Th subst c s f fl sh
ro r e a s sn s an ae .
5
e an e o e
and spi it c j i d t c fus d Vid m d p li m

r a re on o n e , no on e . e ns a ce
sta tu m , n on con u su m, sed con u n cti t m, f j in a na p erson a , d eu m

et h omi n en J esa m .
6
It is w th ti g th t or no n a f or er T tulli
an
Ch ist is c t i ly
r er a n an i divid l m
n t m ua an , n o e re imp s l er on a
h um ity an .
7
Th p d xic l ch ct f th Ch isti d ct i
e ar a o a a ra er O e r an o r n e,
wh squ ly f c d
en f f m b i g t d d w is
ar e a e , so ar ro e n on e o n,
p cl im d i x lti g tith s s N t
ro a e t D i f i li ; n e u n an e e . a ns es e ns
n on p a d et, g p ui a u d en d u m est . E t m or tnn s es t . Dei i l i

j us ;
p r orsa s cred i bi le est gn i a i n ep ta m est ,
. Et sep u l ta s r esu r r exi t
1
de ea rn . Ch ri sti , 1 3 .
2
ad v . P ra m 27 . .
3
de ca r n . Ch r ist i , 15 .
4
a dv . M a r c i i 27 . . .
6
5
ad v F ra r
e 27 I bi d
ff
. . . .
7
Th e or th od ox v i ew a cen t ury or two l at er wa s d i eren t .
T E RT U LLI AN 15 7
cer tn m est, h vi g c ch s his

gn i a i mp oss i bi le .
1
Yet , a n on e o en
f mul s T t ulli c uld sc c ly v id c t i du lism

or a ,
er an o ar e a o a er a n a ,
which t s ld m th t d t diss lv t h u i f G d
no e o re a e n e o o e e n on o o
an d m i Ch ist Th G d i
an J sus h gu s d d
n r . e o n e , e ar e , n ee e
no b ptism ; a m y G d su ff di y m
n or th a o er or e, an ore an
dish u d t st m on o r t uch th p t f u t i
on e o a rea ca n o e a ren o n a n .
H c t h y f d s l ti
en e t h C ss
e cr w utt d i
o e o a on on e ro as er e n
or d t p v t h imp ssibility f G d wh f s k H i
er o ro e e a o o ,
o or oo s
S on whil givi g th m i H i m up t d th
e nT e an n o ea .
”
2
O
b l c this st ss is l id up th t l tu f
a an e ,
re a on e e ern a na re o
t h u i e d i t is d cl
n on , an d th t v i His gl y J sus e ar e a e en n or e
w s b t h t h f m d subs t c f hum fl sh d
ear o e or an an e o an e an
bl d Th th ught is i
oo . s s e i h it c f m o n a en e an n er an e ro
Ig tius t h ug h it h
na ,
w d fi it
3
o as a n e e n en ess .
H ck h c ll d T t ulli t h f th of t h
a rn a as a e er an e a er e
or th d x d c t i
o o f th p s f Ch ist
o Th t h
r ne o e er on o r . a e
sh uld bo i spit f t h h mp i g i d qu ci s f
e s o, n e o e a er n na e a e o
t h L g s Ch ist l gy b q u
e o o t h d t h i m by t h A p l gists
r o o e ea e o e o o ,
wi th its sugg s t i s f duc d d ity m di ti ge on o a re e e e a n a
t sc d t Abs lut is t h b st vid c f his m zi g

ra n en en o e, e e e en e O a a n
pw o Ier f ct t h issu f h i w k w t put i

. n a , e e o s or as o n
t ms f t h L g s c c pti
er o ligi us d d ct i l
e o o on e on a re o an o r na
vi w f Ch ist
e o ich d full ultim t ly t b k
r so r an as a e o r ea
th ugh its w li m i t ti s It is t much t y with

ro o n a on . oo o sa ,
D th t T t ulli m ks t h t si t i f m t h
orn e r , a er an ar e ra n on ro e
L g s Ch is t l gy t
o o Ch ist l gy i t p t d by Divi
r o o o a r o o n er re e ne
S ship ( t his
on ppli s th t Ath sius) ; y t it is a e ra er o an a e
t u r th t h p p d th w y f t h b fi t ch g
e a e re a re e a or e ene ee n an e .
His g t ph s i hi l t m dig m D g m h mi m
rea r a e, n a na ec na o nu
l
sa n s , i v lvi g
4
thic l th th
n o pu ly t
n an e a ra er an a re on o
l gic l id f G d might h d it b f ll w d t h v
o a ea O o , ,
a een o o e ou , a e
suppli d w t hy b ckg u d v f his b ld s t

e a or a ro n e en or o e
Ch is t l gic l ss t i s i which h s ght to l ud d

r o o a a er on ,
n e ou a an
m g ify t h g c
a n f th R d m e ra e o e e ee er .
Th Ch ist l gy f T tulli
e w diss mi t d i th
r o o o er an as e na e n e
W s t chi fly t h ugh t h d T i i t t f N v ti
e e ro e e r n a e O o a an , a
1 3
de ea rn . Ch r i s t i , 5 . ad v . P r a cc 3 0 . .
Cf S m yr 3 1
. . . . ad v . jll a rc i i 27
. .
b k which H ck d sc ib s
oo d gm tic d m m
arn a e r e as a o a va e ecu
f
or th L ti Chu ch s A v h m t dv s y f b th
e a n r e . e e en a er ar o o
typ s f M chi ism h t ught p ticul ly

e O on a r an , e a , ar ar as
a g i st S b lli
a n t c tha e l D ity f Ch ist d
us, a on e e rea e O r an
th ep s l disti cti of F th
er on a d S n Ch ist is
on a er an on . r
tu m
r e d t u G d
an Y t
an f is N v ti f m
r e o . e so ar o a an ro
c m mi gli g b th th t h p sits t w S s i th t h
o n n o ,
a e o o on n e e
an th pic P s ro f i li e r on —
t th th fi li on e ns n a a ra , e o er ns ex
a d p tia Th m h d c uld b put

on e. e dan ff lik oo o e on an O e
a g m t H ar ch s th sub di ti ist st i f
en . e r e-e oe e or na on ra n o
his m st p ph syi g th futu c ss ti f th So s

a e r, ro e n e re e a on O e n
’
i d p d t b i g v th ugh st g t y h pp s
n e en en e n , e en o ,
ra n e o sa , e a ea r
t h ld t h
o o xist c f t h S t h v b
e e en t li
e o e on o a e een e erna n
th e p st Th i di i i t ti h vi g b s t f th
a . e v s v n a s,
“
a n ee n en or ,
an d ls giv a d di ct d t t h S
o en ci cl s b ck to
an re e o e on , r e a
t h F the i vi tu
a f th c m m u i
er n of s u bst c
r e O e o n on an e .
”
1
1
d e Tri n 3 1 . .
of ti m Tw f th bi g ph s f P yth g s
th e e . o O e o ra er O a ora
w P phy y d I mbli h disti guish d l d s of

er e or r an a c us , n e ea er
th N
e P l t ic ee - ch l which h d b
a on f u d d by s oo ,
a een o n e
Am m i Son us t ch f P l t ic phil s phy t

a cca s , a ea er O a on o o a
Al x d ie an Th syst mr a . f which h w th e xp sit e o e as e e o or
re ec iv d its m st p f ct xp ssi t t h h ds f his

e o er e e re on a e an o
pupil P l ti us wh s lif xt d d f m 20 5 t 27 0
o n ,
o e e e en e ro o .
It m y b d sc ib d
a e ki d f dy mic p th ism
e r e as a n o na an e .
Th er e th g t c smic p i cipl s P im l b i g
a re r ee re a o r n e .
1
r a e n
re sid s i th O th I fi it t h G d which is b y d
e n e n e, e n n e, e oo , e on
an d b v ll tt ibut s wh th f th ught will

a o e a a r e ,
e er o o , , or
e n er gy d y t is th u c us d d m v l ss sou c f
,
an e e n a e an o e e r e o
a ll xist t thi gs N xt c m s th N u s its x ct

e en n . e o e e o , e a
e mitt d i m g d t h ch typ f l w b i g mb ci g
e a e an e ar e e O o er e n , e ra n
i i t s lf lik wis t h sup s sibl w ld ( - '

n e e e u n o) e er e n e or x oa oq va r e .
A d l stly t h N us giv s f th
n a i t p duct
e d c py
o e or , as s ro an o ,
th S ul
e o P sych l t d to t h N us i tu
or e, re a e e o n rn as
t h N us is t
e o th O P l c d b tw
o th N us e d ne . a e e een e o an
th w ld f ph m
e or it h s i som d g th
o en o en a , S ar e n e e ree e
ch ct f b th M t i l t u is m t t b subj ct
a ra er O o . a er a na re ea n o e e
t P sych
o But i ctu l xist c this i t d d h m y
e . n a a e en e n en e ar on
o f sub di ti or is displ c d by st if th sult b i g

na on a e r e, e re e n
th t th a ti ph m l syst m is shot th ugh

e en re en o en a e ro
with illusi d v ity S m thi g i

on a n th v y ss c
an . o e n n e er e en e
o f m tt a c d m s it t b
er on p i cipl f d k ss
e n o e a r n e O ar ne .
H c t b b i t c po lity sig ifi s th t th s ul
en e o e orn n o or r ea n e a e o
h as f ll i t th t ils f s su lity th ugh d m pti

a en n o e o O en a , o re e on
is t i m p ssibl E ch s ul must l v t h m t i l
no o e . a o ea e e a er a
b hi d d is t t h gio f Divi k wl dg
e n an r e o d e re n O ne no e e, an
e v i th p s t lif w m y pp xim t t this

en n e re en e e a a ro a e o ,
a b v ll th gh t h m di u m f p ssiv i tuiti
o e a rou I e e O a e n on . n
p f ct c ptivi t y d p s t h s ul is bl to t u ch
er e re e an re o e e o a e o
an d g sp G d di ctly l si g its lf i
ra o th Divi with re ,
o n e n e ne a
sil t ptu
en ra cst sy f u utt bl f li g P phy y
re or e a o n er a e ee n . or r
l t s th t t his w k wl dg P l ti us t st d this
re a e a o o n no e e o n a e
sup m bliss re e f u disti ct cc si s on o r n o a on .
T 1
h f
o eac i o m g di
t h ese p ot e n c i g h es th e na e {i n t e r a c t s i s i v en , i n ca t n t at
t h y p
e re Di i
resen t i p fi f m
th e m d v ne n s eci c or s or o es of e xi s t en ce.
N O P L AT ONI S M
E -
It is custom y f hist ri s t d y th t N ar or o an o en a eo
P l t ism is du listic
a on d t c t st it i this sp ct
a , an o on ra n re e
with G sticism g i st which P l ti us w ot v h m tly

no ,
a a n o n r e e e en .
Y t th
e id f m tt which N Pl t ists ssum d
e ea O a er eo- a on a e ,
as O f s m thi g i d fi it
o e f ml ss vil c m v y
n n e n e, or e , e ,
a e er n ea r
to pu du lism W l
re th t P l ti us w sh m d
a . e earn a o n as a a e
O f h i b dy s o .
A syst m f this ki d bvi usly w u ld

e o t f il n , O o , o ac as a o
t Ch isti
o ity th th
r an its i t ll ctu l m d l Th
, ra er an a s n e e a o e . e
i flu c f N P l t ism
n en e o Chu ch thi k s h b
eo- a on on r n er as een
much x gg t d D ubtl ss lik th w i t s of t h

e a era e . o e , e e r er e
N w T st m t t h F th s m y
e e a ent h v disd i d t
, e a er a no a e a ne o
b w f m th i iv ls this th t t ch ic l xp ssi
orro ro e r r a or a e n a e re on ,
wi t h ut p judic t its w Ch isti m i g

o re e t o ne r an ea n n , or o
learn s m thi g f th t f f m l ti ci ti
o e n o But e ar o or a ra o na on .
m en lik T tulli e d O ig w
er ft l l s k i g tan an r en er e a er a ee n o
th l gis up
eo o f ith ch d t hist ic l liti s ;
e on a a an ore o or a r ea e
th Ne P l t ists
eo- th th h d w b t
a on , on e o er an , ere en on a
m t physic l c sm l gy Th i t i ity d t h T i ity

e a a o o o . e r r n an e r n
O f Chu ch w it s h v sc c ly
r ythi g i comm but
r er a e ar e an n n on
th e umb th
n Fu th m er th i id f m tt
ree . r er ore, e r ea o a er
b d t i c tio f m t h fi st i c c iv bl T
ar re ou n a rn a n ro e r as n on e a e. o
P phy y Ch ist w
or r pi u s s g wh m y w ll h v
,
r as a o a e o a e a e
r is t imm t lity ft d th but

en o or a whos pl c is a er ea ,
on e e a e
disti ctly b th P yth g s His f llow s it w

n en ea a ora . o er , as
ar gu d h d mix d His d ct i with f ls h od d

e ,
a e o r ne a e o , an
a b d d His t l ti f th f iths
an on e o era on o o er a .
It is i w ld fill d b i g fill d with ligi us

n a or e , or e n e , re o
an d phil s phic l i flu c s of this d sc ipti

o o a th t w n en e e r on a e
must pictu Cl m t f Al x d i d sp ci lly O ig

re e en o e an r a , an e e a r en ,
a t w k or Th G sp l h d t
. b st t d d f siv ly i
e o e a o e a e e en e n an
e xt m ly diffic ult situ ti

re e Th t sk f t h Ap l gists a on . e a o e o o
must b su m d d th dv s y b t with his

e re e ,
an e a er ar ea en
o w w p s
n A d Ch ist h d t b
ea on . t f th t n r a o e se or ,
no as
th S vi u
e a f t h w ld m o ly but
r o O i wh m e or e re , as ne n o
l y hid t h t
a su s f wisd m d k wl dg ; f m
e rea re o o an no e e or en
f lt th w
e sp cific lly Ch isti g sis d ith
ere as a e a r an no , an ne er
th m
e na t h id c uld b disp s d with
e n or e ea o e en e .
u
Cl m t is s id with much p b bility t h v b

e en a ,
ro a , o a e een
a tiv f Ath s A pupil f P t

na e O f th en . o an a en u s, on e o e
b st t ch s i th i stituti k w
e ea er t h C t ch tic l
n e n on no n as e a e e a
Scho l f Al x d io h w O hims lf m mb f t h
e an r a, e as e a e er o e
st ff m
a l ss f m 1 9 0 t 21 6 Th f ith f
or e or e ro o . e a o
I us d T tulli h t sh d with c victi ;

ren ae an er an e oo ar e on on
e vid tly h w v h g d d hims lf f t c st u

en ,
o e er , e re a r e e as r ee o on r e
its l m ts with c t i sp cul tiv lib lity H

e e en a er a n e a e era . e
d sc ib s hims lf
e r sch l f T ti
e d th
e as a o ar o a an , an er e a re
f qu t t c s f th i flu c of Justi With ll his

re en ra e o e n en e n . a
a dmi ti f G k phil s phy d i t s symp thy

ra on or r ee o o an n en e a
wit h its bl d i spi i g ch noct istics he v an n r n a ra er , e ne er
w v s i t h c victi th t Ch ist h b ught t m

a er n e on on a r as ro o en
t h b st
e d high ste v l ti f G d
an e re e a on o o .
This v l ti tu lly ugh Cl m t i t p ts

re e a on , na ra en o ,
e en n er re
by m s of t h L g s d ct i with th sult t ll
ea n e o o o r n e, e re , a a
e v ts p ti lly of d p s lisi g t h hist ic S vi u

en ar a , e er on a n e or a o r.
Th tim l ss c t t f which H st d th th
e e e on en or e oo , ra er an
J sus Ch ist i His c c t ctu lity h lds t h c t l

e r n on r e e a a , o e en ra
pl c Th ugh t h E t l L g s is v l d G d m st
a e . ro e ern a o o re ea e o o
high wh is s t d f b v l l disti cti ; d f m

, o ea e ar a o e a n on an ro
th L g s c m s
e ll th t th
o o is u p o th f b uty
e
“
a a ere on e ar o ea ,
t uth g d ss l l th t disti guish s t h civilis d m

r ,
oo n e ,
a a n e e e an
f m t h s v g t h s v g f m t h b sts
ro e a a H
e, is e a a e ro e ea .
” 1
e
f ly m d S
ree d i nath t ch ct s p t d by
e on , an n a a ra er e a ra e an
a bs lut gulf f m thi gs c t d P cis ly h w Cl m t

o e ro n re a e . re e o e en
m s us t c c iv t h l ti f th L g s t th
ean o on e e e re a on o e o o o e
F th it is diffi cult t y H us s c t dic t y m d s

a er o sa .
2
e e on ra or o e
o f xp ssi
e cco di g t h L g s is vi w d f m t h
re on , a r n as e o o e e ro e
sid f hum ity

e O f G d Hi m s lf F m blwH
an or o o e .
3
ro e o e
a pp s th ful ss f t h G d h d c c t d i
ea r as e ne o e o ea on en re n an
i d p d t lif ; f m b v H is t h high st xt t
n e en en e ro a o e e e e ne o
t h Almigh t y t h
e mi ist f G d m di ti g ll c t d
, e n er o o , e a n a rea e
lif e, d t c t i dist c f m th F th
an a a th er a n an e ro e a er as e
f A l exa n d r i a 7 2
1
B igg, Ch r i sti a n P l a ton i sts o ,
.
“
2
It is a t all e v en t s a n ess en t i a l r el a t i on . I f God i s a Fa t h er, H e i s
at the sa me t i m e F a t h er of a Son ( S tr om . v . 1 .
3
Cf Red e p en n i n g, Or i gen es , 1 10 — 1 4
. .
t oo y p ss g s wh s m i g is q u it xplicit
man a a e o e ea n n e e .
Thus f x mpl H sp ks f Ch ist

, or e G d i
a e, e ea o r as
“
a o n
hum f m an d ls wh s ys th t ssumi g th
or ,
” 1
an e e er e a a
“
a n e
ch ct f m
ara d h vi g b
er O f shi d i fl sh H an, an a n een a on e n e , e
ct d th d m f hum s lv ti
en a e e B ut h c t ra a o an a a on .
” 2
e an n o
be qu t d t chi g t h Tw N tu s d ct i ; f
o e as ea n e o a re o r ne or
th u ity f Ch ist is ssum d by him th th d

e n O r a e ra er an e
m t t d;
on s ra e d i d d h sc c ly i qui s t ll an n ee e ar e n re a a
reg di g th x ct l ti s which bt i b tw th
ar n e e a re a on O a n e een e
Divi co t t of C h ist s p so
ne n end its ph m l r
’
er n an en o en a
hum f m an or .
2 .
( b) Origen — Or ig en ( 18 5 a p u pil of
Cl m t d his s u cc ss i th m st ship f th
e en ,
an e or n e a er o e
C t ch tic l Sch l of Al x d i is th sup m ly g t

a e e a oo e an r a, e re e rea
na m mo g th divi s of t h Ch isti E st A
e a n e ne e r an a . n
E gypti by c h w t h child f C h isti p ts

an ra e, e as e o r an ar en .
His width f i t st his l i g his f bul us i dust y

o n er e , ea rn n , a o n r ,
no t l st his d vout
ea ss d fi simplicity f tu m k e ne an ne o na re, a e
h im bl a d m m nobl figu A e xgt i an e or a e re . s an e e e e, n
spit f t d cy t ll g is his s rvic s t th l gy

e o a en en o a e or e, e e o eo o
w v st His t ubl d y t c si gly studi us lif

ere a . ro e e u n ea n o e
c t b c u t d h ; but th s c t f his w d ful

a nn o e re o n e ere e e re o on er
i flu c is v l d i t h f w ll ul gy p u c d
n en e re ea e n e ar e e e o r on o n e
up h i m by his pupil G g y Th um tu gus bish p f

on ,
re or a a r , o o
N C s
e O- L t g s v th s which dis w d his
ae a r ea . a er a e , e en o e o ne
h e resi s m st bitt ly p id t ib u t to his p w

e o
“
It er ,
a r e o er .
O ig s ys H ck wh c t d t h d gm tic f
”
w as r en , a arn a , o r ea e e o a o
t h Chu ch
e d did m rth y th ,
m t wi
an t h or e an an o er an o n e
Ol d W ld t t h Ch isti ligi l d i ”
or H w o e r an re on . e as ea er n
th e c mp ig f Ch isti th l gy g i st th v i d
a a n o r an eo o a a n e ar e
fo c s f p g th ught d t h thi st f k wl dg f lt
r e o a an o ,
an e r or no e e e
by th l fti spi its withi t h Ch u ch f u d its s tis

e o er r n e r o n a
f cti m i ly i his i um bl w ks T his ti l ss

a on a n n nn era e or . o re e
i t ll ct t h l gy w v y lif d h ppi ss Th ugh

n e e ,
eo o as er e an a ne . o
c sci us f st u ch fid lity t t h hist ic f ith h

on o o a a n e o e or a ,
e
f lt it ss ti l th t t h c t ts f th c d shou ld t
e e en a a e on en o e ree a
1 2
P aed i . . 99 . P rotr . x. 110 .
T HE L OC OS I N ORI C E N 16 5
th e s m tim b sublim t d by t h m th ds f v t
a e e e a e e e o o re er en
sp cul ti p vid d ly th t th limits f ccl si s t ic l

e a on , ro e on a e o e e a a
an d p st lic t ditio w
a o c g is d Withi th s
o ra n e re re o n e . n e e
li mits f discussi must h v its w y

re e on a e a .
1
W tu fi st t his d ct i of t h Logos G d th
e rn r o o r ne e . o e
F th this is
a er— so oft th p i t of d p t u is ,
as en , e o n e ar r e—
immut bl d bs lut B i g s lf c sci us M i d th d

a e an a o e e n , e - on o n ron e
a b v l l mi d d ll subst c A b i g p f ctly g d
o e a n an a an e . s e n er e oo ,
H must c m m u ic t Hi m s lf
e d it is i
o th Lgs n a e e ,
an n e o o
th t H is fi st m d pp h sibl This Log s S

a e r a e a re en e . o or on
( t h et w m s f ly
o i t c h g
na d ) b i g t hem st ar e ree n er an e , e n e o
e mi t f th Divi pow s id s mb c s wi thi

n en o e ne er or ea , e ra e n
Hims lf th wh l c t ts of th i t lligibl w ld ; d
e e o e on en e n e e or an
f
or us i d d it is high thi g to vi w Him i this
,
n ee ,
a er n e n
light th t d w l l l y up t h Ch ist i c t d
an o e .
on on e r n arna e an
c ucifi d V y mph tic lly O ig i sists th t t h W d

r e . er e a a r en n a e or
is p s l w ll er on a t lly d i t i sic lly Divi

, as e as e e rn a an n r n a ne .
B th sp cts
o vit l F him d th m f his
a e a re a .
“
or an e en O
tim s ys D Bigg th g t bj ct w t st blish

e, a r .
,
“
e rea O e as o e a
th t u P s lity f Ch ist t sh w th t th ugh G d

e r e er on a o r ,
o o a o o
t t h F th
”
H y t w e e as n o e a er .
2
A S th th L g s p c ds f m t h F th ;
s on , en , e o o r o ee ro e a er
no t h w v,
by w y f p titi but th wil l d s
o e er, a o ar on , as e oe
f m spi i t
ro h ls wh r xp ss s it i
, or, g t as e e e ere e re e n a rea
ph s which h l dg d its lf i th Ch u ch s mi d by
ra e as o e e n e r
’
n ,
an
t
e er n a l g ti Th x ct w ds
ener a t mg iton . e e a or ar e : es na ue a
a eter na ac semp i ter n a gen era ti o, si eu t sp len d or gen er a tu r ex

l uce tu
.
3
this g ti is i f bl
Th e na ly r e of en era on n e fa e ; we on
k ow th t it d t s
n fi it a it t mp l “
en o e no n e a ct e h er e ora or
p t mp
re - e l but t l i t mp
ora l p c ss,
an e e rn a or n e ora ro e or
l ti
re a H c t y th t tim w wh t h S
on . en e o sa a a e as en e on
t is
’ ’
w as (
no 5 ,
6 A an error o i ne 0 7 111 7 6 oi r/c s an
i d p d t subsist c th t h S is um ic lly
n e en en en e , en , e on n er a
disti ct f m th F th but with l th y i subst c

n ro e a er , a e a re n an e
a bs lut ly o I ss ti l c t t t h S is ep t m
e on e . n e en a on en e on oo g
with th F th v p u is with w t
e child with
a er , a s a o r a er or re n
1
Of t h e
. op e n i n g words of t h e de P ri nc ip i is .
2
0p . ci t
p 16 6 . . .
8
d e P ri ncip . i 2 4
. . . Cf i bid i 2 9
. . . . .
16 6 TH E P E RSON OF J E S S CHRI S T U
th i p
e r ts Th y
a r en two { m -e m. t e a re oo r a ,
no on e, as
th e M chi s s id It is quit i h m y with this

on ar an a . e n ar on
h m o i th t O ig
ous a sh uld ls wh d sc ib t h S
a r en o e e ere e r e e on a s
b g tt f th F th s will f i th spi itu l lm

e o en O e a er
’
, or n e r a rea
no c t st xists b tw will d subst c

on ra e e een an an e .
1
O fi st imp ssi is th t by this d cisiv ss ti

ur r re on a e e a er on
Of th h m e i th
o qu lity f t h S with t h F th
ou s a e co -e a o e on e a er
h as b s cu d But it is t
een e O ig
re sh s i
. l no so . r en are , n a r ea
m su th sub di ti ism of th Apol gists R g di g

ea re, e or na on e o . e ar n
t h m st ci t f ll t h w ks f G d
“ 2
th Se on a s e o an en o a e or o o ,
h d s t h sit t t sp k f Him
’
f'
e oe no e ua e Th o ea o as a a r ta a e
S on is t h s c d G d b u t t immut bly i t i sic lly

e e on o ,
no a or n r n a
g d oo , thas F th is Th F th s will is wis th

e a er . e a er
’
er an
th Se s ; t c ti th S w th F th s s v t
on
’
a rea on e on as e a er
’
er a n ,
e x cuti g His c mm ds M st m k bl f ll whil

e n o an . o re ar a e o a ,
e
p ctisi g p y t Ch ist Divi

ra n ra d i d d i sisti g
er o r as n e, a n n ee n n
on it asduty O ig p cl i m s th t th i still
a ,
r en ro a a ere
'
s a
high bj ct f i v c ti
er O e I th sup m m m t
O n o a on .
“
n e re e o en
of d ti wh t h s ul st i s upw d t l y its lf
a ora on , en e o ra n ar o a e
as as c ific b f t h high st bj ct f th ught w

a r e e ore e e O e o o , e
must t st p sh t f Him wh is b v ll
no o H
or O o a o e a .
” 4
e re,
a cc di gly th is w v i g
or n ,
f t ms
e re If t h a a er n u se o er . e
re sult is co t dict y it is su ly d t di ffi cul ty f m

n ra or ,
re ue o a ro
which t h Ch isti th l gi c t sc p ; f t h S
e r an eo o an an n o e a e or e on
m y b vi w d f om bv f m blw S f m '
a e e e r a o e or ro e o . e en ro
a b v H pp s t h fi st st p t w d s m
o e, e a ea r d i as e r e o ar an , an ,
n
a dditi t h c t t f th w d S must f us b
on , e on en o e or on
”
,
or , e
d w f m
ra n rok wl dg f t h I c t Lif ; s
ou r no e e O e n a rn a e e ee n
f m b l w H is t h bj ct f ligi us f ith d i p
ro e o ,
e e O e o re o a ,
an so
f t
a c o on
p l f
on e b i g with G d Ian eO ig s c s O e n o . n r en
’
a e
th e difficulty w i t sifi d by h i d si t c st uct as n en e s e re o on r
a th y i cludi g b th Ch ist d t h u iv s Ch is t
eor n n o r an e n er e . r
th e S is t m ly S vi u ; H is t h W ld R s
on no e re a o r e e or - ea on ,
p v di g d m uldi g l l thi gs H c H st ds
er a n an o n a n . en e e an
1
L f oo s ,m hD og C
engesc 7 i ch tc, 1 9 4 1
c el s v 3
h h h wi h y p fi i l
. . . . .
3
O n s uc h A f d
e x p ressi on s t e ri a n s a st ene , t oug t on l su er c a
pl a us i bil i t y .
4
B i gg, op . ci t. 18 6 .
l
a on e su ff d d di d Th W d still m i i g
er e an e .
“
e or ,
re a n n
e ss ti lly t h W d su ff s
en a f th s thi gs whic h
e or ,
er n on e o o e n
a re du d by t h b dy
en re s ul ; but c d sc di g e o or o ,
on e en n
o cc si lly t
a on a wh is u bl t g z up th o on e o na e o a e on e
S pl d u s d b ight ss f d ity H b c m s
en o r an it r ne O e , e e o e as
w fl h
ere I th
es light f His c smic fu cti s th
.
”
1
n e o o n on e
L g s c t b th ught f c fi d t t h hum lif

o o a nn o e o O as on ne o e an e
o f J sus ; v whil pp i g thus i

e e en f m s it d e a ear n n a or u e
t o ou rc p citi s H y t m if st d Hims lf v ywh

a a e ,
e e an e e e e er er e
as bf e ore .
C h ist th is si gl c mpl x b i g ; d i st g
r , en, a n e o e e n an n ron
c t st t t h sp ct f his t chi g just t d O ig

on ra o e a e O ea n no e ,
r en
i sists th t b tw t h t w ph s s
n a l m ts f His
e een e o a e or e e en o
c stitut d lif th
on bt i d t c mm u i m ly
e e er e O a ne no a o n on er e ,
but g du l m gi g d c mmi gli g wi th t h sult

a ra a er n an o n n ,
e re
th t t h hum ity f J s s is its lf d ifi d ( d ifi i t g m

a e an o e u e e e e ca v ue
s usce er a
p t h m m t m) I t ms f
u lt g w
ana n a ur a .
2
n er o a a er a e, e
m y sp k f
a mm ea i ti i d i m t m
o S f
a co did this u n ca o o a u . O ar
g oth t i t h a d ft t hn su cti th b dy w
e en ,
a er e re rr e on , e o as
c mpl t ly bs b d i th Divi spi it Th sc d d

o e e a or e n e ne r . e a en e
L d h c sd t b m
or as But f m th p i t f
ea e o e an .
3
ro an o er o n o
vi w O ig f lt hims lf justifi d i d cl i g th t J sus

e r en e e e n e ar n a e
’
hum ity still p sists th ugh His b dy h b t s

an er , o o as een ra n
m u t d i t high f m F His s ul still p s v s its

e n o a er or . or o r e er e
b i g m g d i t h L g s by
e n er e i mystic l u i
n e o o an n n er a n on
w ught by its p f cti

,
ro f h ly l v A G d M w er e on o o o e . s o - an , e
a re t ld Ch ist ff d th s c ific which t s f i

o ,
r o e re e a r e a on e or s n ,
d p id th s m by which t h d vil s p w h b ’
an a e ra n o e e o er as ee n
sh tt d This it is t u is lw ys b l c d by t h
a e re .
,
r e, a a a an e e
a ssu c th t His c ucifixi is f v lu ly f th s

ra n e a r on o a e on or o e
wh c o t is t th pp h si f id l t uth T
a nn o r e o e a re en on o ea r . o
k w Ch ist c uci fi d is t h k wl dg f b b s But t

no r r e e no e e o a e .
”
o
such d Him t
as n ee d H im l g i th no , or n ee no on er , n e
c p city f P hysici
a a d R d m
o Ch ist is Divi an an e ee er, r ne
T chea d L d er wh an p s th d f th H ly
ea e r, o o en e oor o e o
P l c of s c d myst i s
a e Of l v t this Ch ist O ig
a re er e . o e o r ,
r en
sp ks with t h m st i t s f li g
ea e o n en e ee n .
1
c . Cel s i v 15
. . .
2
i n Ma t t S cr m 3 3 . . .
3
i n L u c h om 29. . .
J E S Us
'
H U MAN SO UL 16 9
Th is t c i O ig
ere f symp thy wi t h
no ra e n r en o a
M chi id s g i st which h di cts v i us

on a r an ea , a a n e re ar o
p ss g s f st g p l mic But h us s f ly ll
a a e o ron o e . e e ree a
o th vi ws b ut
er L d s P s which w cu t
e a o ou r or
’
e r on e re rr en
i
n th Chu ch d v t ili g th m i t ch th with
e r ,
o e a n e n o ea o er
a m zi g skill d d pti g t his pu p s

a n ,
t f w
an a a n o r o e no a e
c c pti s which l t ti m s b d
on e on h tic l His a er e an n e as ere a .
m i c c pti
a n cc di g t which t h p s l L g s
on e on , a or n o e er on a o o
u it d Hims lf t t h p s l s ul ( d to t h b dy )
n e e o e e r on a o an so e o
of J sus di ff s tic bly f m t h t d cy of li

e ,
er no ea ro e en en e ar er
w it s lik I us t y th th t t h L g s b m
r er , e ren a
e ,
o sa ra er a e o o eca e
m an This i sist c
. th p s l b i g f Ch ist g
n e n e on e er on a e n o r ua
m an is c spicu us m it i his syst m E v Cl m t

a on o er n e . en e en
h d a pk S f th di ct u i f th L g s with
o en O e re n on o e o o a
hum b dy d l t thi k s w
an o pt t
,
su dan a er n er er e a o rr en er
th p siti O ig h d g i d by his cl p c pti

e o on r en a a ne ear er e on
f J sus s ul t uly hum Y t i O ig s h ds t h

’ ’
o e o as r an . e n r en an e
re sult w bvi us du lism If i Ch ist w h v

as an O o a . n r e a e
a hum subj ct which an f m l p s lity e , as a re e ora er on a ,
cl v s i s p bly t t h L g s d is ulti m t ly l st
ea e n e ara o e o o ,
an a e o
i
n Him t h t t l utc m ,
H ck puts it is t
e o a o o e, as a rn a ,
no
so much d ct i f two tu s ( th ugh t h ph s

a o r ne o na re o e ra e
“
tw tu s d s ccu )
o na th th t f t w s u bj cts
re oe o r as ra er a O o e
which g du lly b c m m lg m t d with ch t h

ra a e o e a a a a e ea o er .
1
Th hum e p s lity f t h S vi u fi lly dis pp s

an er on a o e a o r na a ea r ,
l vi g l y i t Divi c t t Still w c t f g t
ea n on
'
s ne on en .
, e a nn o or e
th t t h u ity which O ig st v t b i g t b tw
a e n r en ro e o r n ou e een
G do d m an i Ch ist w u ity thic lly m di t d

an n r as a n so e a e a e
th t it c uld ls b d sig t d ss ti l
a o sub a o e e na e
“
e en a or
“
t
s an ti l H f lt how g
a . t w t h c d sc si f t h
e e rea as e on e en on o e
Et lS i bi gb
erna d by c c ivi g His dv t
on n e n or n , a n on e n a en
a s a r ea l s lf xi iti h m k s m f t uly h m
e -e nan on e a e r oo or a r u an
d v l pm t Ig
e e o c d l i g h w it s p
en .
“
n ora n e an ear n n , e r e ,
“
er
ti a n t t th E t
no l Wisd m i its lf but it is i
o e e rn a o n e ,
as n
fl h ; f Ch ist h d t l
es or t st mm rd sp k lik a o ea rn o a er an ea e
a child with i f ts This co d sc sio f G d t n an .

”
n e en n o o o
hum lif is m t d tifi d by c p city t h p t

an e e an ra e a a a on e ar
1
H i story of D ogma , n. 373 .
17 0 THE P E RSON OF J ES US CH RI ST
oi hum ity t c iv t h ss ti l lif f G d ; d

'
an o re e e e e en a e O o an
it is p b bly i t h m i
ro al ff t t illust t n e a n as a re a e or o ra e
this p siti th t t h th ught f O ig ma ks

o on p ch a e o O r en r an e o
i
n Ch ist l gy r o o .
5 3 . Th e Corr esp on d en ce T tulli o f the Di on gSi i .

—
If er an
d mi t d t h W st i t h E st t h i flu c f O ig
o na e e e ,
n . e a e n en e O r en
w as sup m B t t ubl w su t
re e . sult f m
u ro e as re o re ro
th i c sist cy f his vi ws his ss ti

e n on en f th O e — a er on o e
h m o i f
ou s a ,x mpl c upl d with disti ct sub
or e a e, o e a n
or di ti f th L g s H W sily h c uld b mis

na on O e o o . O ea e o e
i t p td w
n er re e i th b i f sig ific t c t v sy
e see n e r e n an on ro er
o f Di ysius onf Al x d i with Dio ys us f R m

o e an r a n i o o e,
a b ut t h y
o 26 0 e Th f m h d c iv d his
ear . e or er a re e e
t i i g i t h sch l f O ig
ra n n n d ie fulmi ti g oo O r en , an ,
n na n
a g i st th S b lli s f E gypt h d b
a n e a eu f tu t an O ,
a een n or na e
en o ugh t x gg t t h sub di ti ism of his m st

o e a e ra e e or na on a er .
Acc tu ti g t h
en disti cti
a n f F th d S
e h n on o a er an on , e
d cl d th t th S is t h F th s c tu
e a re a e d w on e a er
’
r ea re , an as
no t b f H c m
e ore t b H h
e diff t C
a e o e e as a ere n O G ta
‘
vi h f mt h vi t g
.
f m t h F th
ro e th a e r, as e ne as ro e n a er or
a ship f m its build ro This w f c u s utt ly er . as o o r e er
to misc c iv O ig wh h d t ught cl ly ugh

on e e r en , o a a ea r en o
th t a b g tt by t h F th th S is bs lut ly
as e o en e a er e on a o e
s p t f m l l c tu s C mpl i t w p mptly
e a ra e ro a re a re . o a n as ro
m d by t h th d x t Di ysius f R m t h t ity
a e e or o o O on O o e e e ern
o f th S h d b
e ond i d d suspici c st up
a ee n en e , an on a on
His u ity f ss c with t h F th

n o eThus th y pl d
en e e a er . e e
t h d ct i
e f O ig
o g i st his i g f ll w
r ne o r en a a n e rr n o o er .
Th bish p f R me d lt with t h m tt
o o th o e ea e a er on e
li s f T tulli
ne o d N v ti
er H u g d th t i z l
an a n o a an . e r e a n ea
for t h th disti cti s i th G dh d th u ity m u st

e ree n on n e o ea e n
no t b v l k d T ith ism is th d dli st f f

e o er oo e . r e e ea e o ees .
H c pp li g t t h B p t ism l C d h w c t t
e n e, a ea n o e a a r ee , e as on en
to y th
sa t f ith cc ptsa t h b i g ofa G d t ha e e e n on e o , e
Al m ighty F th f Ch ist J sus His S

a er, d f th
o r e on , an o e
H ly Spi it I p ticul t h L g s must h v b

o r . n ar a r, e o o a e een
e v i t h F th f H is
er n e p duct f tim
a er, t or e no ro o e, no
17 2 THE P E RS ON OF J ES US CH RI ST
d s i hims lf d this ss ti l imp s lity d s

oe n e ,
an e en a er on a ren er
it u thi k bl th t it sh uld m if st its lf p s lly

n n a e a o an e e er on a
i
n hum lif It is p s t i Ch ist th fo
a an e . re en n r , e re re,
on ly pw as i fl c lik th i dw lli g f
a o er or n ue n e, e e n e n o
wisd m i th p ph ts Wh t is u iqu i J sus is t h

o n e ro e . a n e n e e
i h bit ti f t h L g s
n a a onmi ti ; t h
O m is e o o sensu e n en e an as
a t mpl f t h h igh p s c Thus t h hist ic J sus

e e or e er re e n e . e or e
whil sup i t th m i ll thi gs is st ictly

e er or o o er en n a n ,
r
“
f o m b th ( x p m a f d ) ; M y b
r e n ea m e lea r ai
-
er ar ore a a n ou r
e qu l wh is th ly p s l subj c t i t h c s
a ,
o de on er on a e n e a e, a n
whos xist c b g t th
e e t ivity en But th L g s
e e an a e na . e o o
f m b v i spi d Him d w ught i H im

ro a o e n qu lit y re , an ro n as a a ,
th ugh t i ss ti l
o p s l f m (
no n ut B e en a or er on a or oruc
’
o o oS
é n ) App tly P ul m d g d
t
dh h d [ca r e n at r ra . a ren a a e a oo
d l f th B ptism m ki g th p i t t which th
ea o e a ,
as ar n e o n a e
L g s w c m mu ic t d Th us d w d J sus k pt Him
o o as o n a e . en o e , e e
s lf by b di c i th lov of G d B tw G d d
e o e en e n e e o . e e en o an
J sus t w disti ct p s s th s ubsist d

e ,
as o l tio n er on ,
er e e a re a n
ship i p f ct u ity i disp siti b s d p f ct l v

o er e n n o on , a e on er e o e,
a bo d which is b st d sc ib d thic l t tu l si c
n e e r e as e a ,
no na ra ,
n e
it is c stitut d by mutu l k wl dg
on d c mm u i
e a no e e an o n on
b tw
e F th
een a ly i h v d S a ly th
er on n ea en a n a on on on ear .
Fi lly i vi tu f His t sc d t m it J sus tt i d

na ,
n r e o ran en en er , e a a ne
t such
o p m t u i with G d qu lifi s Him t
a er a n en n on o as a e o
b S vi u
e a d c f s upo r, anHim t h m th t is b v on er on e na e a a o e
e v y mer S ubs qu tly to d th

na e . d1
su cti e en ea an re rr e on
H we v st d with Divi p w
as In e d m y fi tl y be ne o er, an a e
d sig t d G d ( b ) of t h V i gi
e na e
“
A H ck
o orn e r n .
”
s a rn a
e xp ss s it H b c m G d th ugh Divi g c d
re e ,
“
e e a e o ro ne ra e an
His c st t m if st ti f g d ss
on an an e a on o oo ne .
Cl ly ugh this sch m h s m c cti with

ea r en o e e as o e on n e on
O igr th ugh wh th f misi t p t tio

en , o v l t is t e er O n er re a n or r e o no
s o ea sy t y O ig t h d s id much f t h thic l
o sa . r en oo a a o e e a
d v l pm t f t h m J sus d f His p ss ssi f

e e o en O e an e ,
an o o e on O
th L g s Y t th di ff c is bvi us th t t O ig
e o o . e e eren e O o a o r en
th L g s xist d hyp st tic lly b f

e o o e l l tim whil fe o a a e ore a e, e or
l w f d f m Ph 1
Pa u as on Of a rgui ng ro
9
H i s tory f
o D ogm a , i i i 4 3 . .
PA UL OF S AM OS AT A 17 3
Pa u l th hyp st tic f ct is pu ly hum

e o Cu i usly
a a or re an . r o ,
al t h ugh S b g c lls him th fi st U i t i

o ee er d a e r n ar a n , an
d cl s th t h is t h
e are ly thi k m g dy mic
a e e on n er a on na
M chi s wh m th m
on a r an lly fits P ul v th l ss
o e na e rea ,
a ne er e e
p sist d with wh t v i c sist cy i sp ki g f t h

er e ,
a e er n on en ,
n ea n o e
G dh d f Ch ist
o ea d this
o ft h h d st pp d th
r , an a er e a o e e
si gi g f hym s i public w ship which ffi m d C h ist s

n n o n n or a r e r
’
ess ti l divi ity

en a n .
H ck p is s P ul w mly lmost if h w
a rn a ra e a ar , a as e ere
a n ea r ly Ritschli f th l ft wi g Thus f x mpl an O e e n .

, or e a e
“
P ul s xp siti s f tu d will i th P s s f
’
a e o on O na re an n e er on ,
o
th ss c d p w f lov f t h Divi ity f Ch ist

e e en e a n o er o e, o e n o r ,
as ly p c ptibl i t h w k f His mi ist y b c us

on er e e n e or o n r , e a e
exclusiv ly c stitut d by u ity f will with G d

e on e n o o ,
a re
al m st u p ll l d i th wh l d gm tic lit tu f
o n a ra e e n e o e o a era re o
th O i t l Chu ch s i th fi st th c tu i s ”
e r en a r H e n e r ree en r e .
1
e
a ls c m m ds h im f h vi g fix d up J sus will t
o o en or a n e on e
’
,
no
His tu na th l m t f Divi u iqu ss d i

r e, a s e e e en o ne n en e , an n
g l f his f s l t plu g i t sp cul ti

e n er a or Th
re u a o n e n o e a on . e
a uth ticity of t h f gm ts
en which H ck b s s e ra en on a rna a e
p t f this ul gy h b qu sti d ; but i y c s

ar o e o as e en e on e n an a e
w m y w ll p mit t h S m
e a e t t mi d us th t
er e a osa e n e o re n a
a m pp siti b tw will d tu is u s u d
e re O o on e e en an na re n o n .
N tu c t i ly m y m subst c th t “ ”
a re er a n d a ea n an e , an on a
u d st di g it is bvi usly c t g y u qu l t th
n er an n O o a a e or ne a o e
t sk f i t p ti g sup m ly p s l d spi itu l

a o n er re n re e e r on a an r a
r ea liti s th t P ul s p t st will s m i pl c
e , so a a
’
ro e ee n a e as a
w i g th t
arn n tu o ly b us fully m pl y d t
a
“
na re ca n n e e e o e o
m t h wh l p s l b i g wh th f G d m
ean e o e er on a e n ,
e er o o or an , a s
a livi g u ity f k wi g f li g d will B y d this

n n o no n , ee n ,
an . e on
t m i l gic l c c ssi h w v w c t g If w
er no o a on e on , o e er , e an n o o . e
h v t ch s b tw
a e o S vi u wh w
oo e G d by igi l
e een a a o r o as o or na
an d i h t l if d
n e r en wh w sugg st d b m
e, a n on e o, a s n o e e ,
eca e
2
G d w sh ll sc c ly h sit t
o ,
e a Th c c pti f
ar e e a e . e on e on o a
G dh d which c m t b lth u gh t u k w i
o ea a e o e, a o no n no n n
1
H i s tory of D ogma , i ii 4 4 . .
'
2 bv fiv é ua v fip d n fla w
’
ne r d n p oxow s fi
'
irou epou a izr r eK r e de c n or o fia c fi
'
At h a n a si us, d e Cogn . 26 . 45 .
i t th c tu y th ught is sh myth l gy It i
n n e een -
en r o , e er o o . s
sim ply mist k xp ssi f t h p f ctly l giti m t

a a en e re on o e er e e a e
d m d th t t h hum
e an sp ct f C h ist must t b
a e an a e o r no e
s c ific d supp ss d
a r e or re e .
It is i t sti g t bs v th t th C u cil which

n ere n o o er e a e o n
c d m d P ul i 26 8
on e ne 26 9 xplicitly c su d th
a ,
n or , e en re e
t m u i
er o
'
Th is w d
ooz o t os cc di g t Ath sius
. as on e, a or n o a na ,
b c us P ul h d c t d d th t if Ch ist is du é
e a e a a on en e a r o o o t oe
wi t h t h F th th i t w id tic l é i must b
e a er, e r o en a o a a t e
d iv d f m still high
er e ro i tha ultim t s u c er
’
o zro a ,
as e a e o r e
or f t f D ity which w uld imply th t i

o un O e lity,
o a n re a
th ree n [ xist But Hil y s cc u t is much m

O o
-
a t e . ar
’
a o n ore
p b bl Th w d w
ro a e . j ct d h s ys b c us P ul
e or as re e e , e a , e a e a
h d us d it t
a c v his d ct i
e f th
o imp s lity
o er o r ne o e er on a
o f th Lgs F
e y t
o o . d t we —m m w
or as e
’
oi ro t a
’
an e er e
sy yms ; d th ss ti
n on f an ss c w t k e a er on o on e e en e as a en
to imply p s lity H c f th on e Ch ist l gy

e r on a . e n e or no r o o
c uld h p f
o h i g which did t m k
o e or a m f ear n no a e r oo or
th e hyp st tic p xis t c f Ch ist d ffi m His

o a re e en e O r ,
an a r
divi it yn t l i t h p st
as l ss th i t h
e e rn a n e a no e an n e
fut ure.
17 6 THE P E RS ON OF J E S US CH RI ST
the f t f Luci ee f A ti ch
o c t mp y d an O n o , a on e or a r an
f ll w f P ul f S m t wh h d f ll ut f
o o er O a o a osa a , o a a en o o
Chu ch f ll wship but p sid d v

r e o f m us x g tic l
,
re e o er a a o e e e a
sch l Luci h d m d c t i m dific t i s i P ul s

oo . an a a e er a n o a on n a
’
Ch ist l gy which A i s t k v f m his t ch

r o o ,
r u oo o er ro ea er .
Th y i v lv d
e npp xim ti t th l ft wi g f
o e an a ro a on o e e n O
th eO ig istic sch l
r en p s t tiv f which w h v oo ,
a re re en a e o e a e
l dy c u t d i Di ysius f Al x d i F
a re a en o n er e n on O e an r a . or
th em st p t A ius ly p t d t h vi ws f Luci
o ar r on re ea e e e o an .
Th occ si
e f th a d cisiv u tb k cc di g t t h
on o e e e o rea ,
a or n o e
h ist i S c t s (i
or an w d ct i l dd ss giv
o ra e . as a o r na a re en
to his p sbyt s by Al x d bish p f Al x d i

re er e an er, o o e an r a,
p b bly i t h y 3 1 8 T h us t h c t v sy w
ro a n e ea r . e on ro er as
E sta ier n igi I t h W st wi g t th i flu c

n or n . n e e ,
o n o e n en e
o f w it s lik T tulli
r er th mi d f t h Chu ch h d
e er an , e n o e r a
b s tisfi d with f m ul s which c mbi d t h d ity f

een a e or a o ne e e o
Ch ist with th
r ss f t h G dh d S Di ysius
e on e n e o e o ea . O on
O f R m h d i sis t d
o e th h ma i g i g b ck t
n e on e o ou s a , o n a o
th e b t ti
un a f T tulli
su s a n P i t tha o er an . r or o e c on
trov e rsy th f t h
,
W st h d vi tu
ere or e, lly p u c d e e a r a ron o n e
judg m t en .
A ius s ts r t f m b ldly t sc d t mo th is m
e ou ro a a ra n en en no e .
1
G d is bst ctly p f ct
o a d i fi it
ra d u b g tt er e an n n e , on e a n n e o en ,
which m s t h t t h id f Diviea n m ti
a e ea o a ne e an a on or
p B Mj c t b t t i d ; t h u ity f G d i “ ”
n o o a nn o e e n er a n e e n o o , n
sh t xclud s t ly d isti cti s i sid t h Divi

or , e e no on n on n e e ne
na tu but ls c t ct wi th t h w ld
r e, a o H c th on a e or .
”
2
en e e
S on , lth ugh p xist t is t u b g tt ; f O y

a o r e -e en ,
no n e o en r an
thi g ls w uld m k t h F th c mp sit d divisibl

n e e o a e e a er o o e an e,
an d th s c nd u b g tt
e we o B th “
f th n e o en er e ro er o e
fi st Acc di gly th S h d b gi i g B f l l
r . or n e on a a e nn n . e or e a
ti m H C m i t xist c
e e ta f e thi g by G d s
n o e en e, ou O no n , o
’
w ill His p i m y fu c t i b i g th t f m di t f
,
r ar n on e n a o e a or o
C ti
re a SO th t H i
on . c t u v if t h fi st f a e s a rea re , e en e r o
c tu s is p v d by P 8
rea re ,
as B f His g ro ti
e r
2211
. e or e en era on
1
m h i G d
So m uc h A sy H o i a bl t H y s t ery t at ri us sa s e 18 n scru t a e o is
own S on .
2
Gwa t k i n , Th e A r i a n Con tr overs y 6 , .
CH RI S T OL OG Y OF A RI US 17 7
or p ducti H w
ro t GOd w
on t F th e t lly ;as n o . as no a er e ern a
on th c t y th w ti m wh G d w l
e on ra r ,
ere d as a e en o a s a on e , a n
w as t no y t F th th ugh l t H b c m F th
as e a e r, o a er e e a e a er .
Th S e did t xist t lly ; f ll t hi gs h vi g c m

on no e e ern a or , a n a n o e
t b
o te ouf th t which w o t th L g s fGd
a as no e o o o o
a ls Hims lf igi t d t f thi gs th t w

o e or t ( 85
na e ou o n a e re n o
’
o i ne
aw ) th
a y w ,
c wh H w e re t d H w
a s on t e en e as no , an e as n o
p i t His b c m i g ( e w 5
r or o e o l mi 3 n er e 7 6 o zuc
’
rea x 7 11
7r
pi v This m s f c u s th t th is ea n , o o r e, a ere no
id tity of ss c b tw t h F th
en e en d th S e ( ga m e een e a er a n e on e
0 i i) é i d ip ) Th is i d d L g s
’
er e
' '
7 0 v o lca r o a a v vra r r . n ee a o o
i m m t i G d but i t is t t h S ; d th S
a n en n o , no e on an e on ,
lik l l th c tu ly b i gs p ticip t s i this

e a o er rea re e n ,
ar a e n
i h t L g s d is Hims lf m d L g s ly by w y
n ere n o o ,
an e na e o o on a
f g c A ius w willi g t c ll Ch ist G d “ ”

O ra e . r as n o a r o on
o cc si a d i
on , f ct w t an f t nmpl y t h a en so ar as o e o e
or th d x s u di g ph s fully G d ly b g tt
o o - o n n ra e ,
“
o ,
on - e o en ,
i m mut bl aB t this w e .
”
2
v si b uvi tu lly as an e a on , as e r a
c c d s i th m p pul Th li
on e e n e Ev if H h ore o ar a a z
3 “
en e e
styl d G d y t is H t t u G d but ly by t h
e o ,
e e no r e o , on e
p ticip ti f g c v
ar a on o ll th s At this p i t
ra e, e en as a o er .
”
o n
a st tli g c ll y c m s i t vi w If th L g s is
ar n or o ar o e n o e . e o o
t u b g tt ith is H immut bl Th L g s
“
no n e o en , ne er e a e . e o o
Hims lf is ch g bl ( p é ) ; it is by His w ch ic
e an ea e r en r s o n o e
th t H m i s g d
a e re l g H will ; but wh H
a n oo ,
so on as e en e
wish s v H e ,
ch g just
e en w e G d ca n an e, as e ca n .
”
o ,
k wi g i dv c t h t H w uld b p f ct g v Him
no n n a an e a e o e er e , a e
an ticip tiv ly t h gl y w by His hum vi tu Such

a e e or on an r e .
t hi gs h d
n b s id b f
a by P ul f S m t
een a e or e , a o a osa a ,
re g di g t h hist ic Ch is t ; but it is t w th y th t
ar n e or r no e or a
A ius f ll wi g Luci
r ,
o ff i m d th m d fi i t ly f t h
o n an , a r e e e n e o e
p t mp l L g s p sibly i flu c d by his b li f th t
re - e ora o o , os n en e e e a
Ch ist h d hu m s ul its pl c b i g t k di ctly

r a no an o ,
a e e n a en re
by th L g s e o o .
Schul t z h p u c d t h A i th y f th L d ’
as r on o n e e r an eor O e or s
1
h A
Th a l i n At . an . Or . c . r. i . 5 .
I h 2
n N m d
i s E p i s t l e t o E use b i us O f i co e i a
d w f
.
A 3
ll g d m ill
co ect i on o f son s f or s a il ors a n ers a n a
y a rers .
I 2
p so to b i w dly t h l st st bl d d gm tic lly

er n e
“
n ar e ea a e an o a a
th e m st w thl ss f ll th Ch ist l gi s t b m t
o or e o a e r o o e o e e
with i hist y n F w will qu sti th justic f

or .
” 1
e e on e e o
this v dict F A i ism i t duc d myth l gic l

er . or r an n ro e a o o a
l m t i t Ch isti ity st g ly mi isc t f th

e e en n o r an , ran e re n en o e
h o s d d mig ds f p g l g d P o fs
er e an e d ubt o o a an e en . r o , no o ,
might h v b qu t d a to t h is th t p i t f m
e een o e as or a o n ro
old w it s f b th t h Ap l gists d T tulli h d

er r er , or o e o o an er an a
t ught th t th S h d b gi i g i tim ; but t h

a a e on a a e nn n n e ere
is diff c b tw
a th c su l ph s s f pi
eren e e een e a a ra e o on e er
expl ti ora d th cl c u t t mi ol gy f d lib t

on an e e a r- er n o o e era e
syst m Th com pl t ss with which A ius miss d his

e . e e ene r e
m k is
ar f th i i s f hist y St ti g with
on e O e r on e o or . ar n a
d si to cl t h w ship f Ch ist f m ch g f
e re ear e or O r ro a ar e o
p ly th ism h l d th w y st ight b ck t h th
o e ,
e e e a ra a o ea en
id l t y Aft p ocl imi g th t Ch ist s hum ity is

o a r . er r a n a r
’
an
fu d m t l h d d by d yi g Him h um s ul
n a en a , e en e en n a an o .
Ab v ll h m d it f t lly c t i
o e a ,
th te his t ms a e a a er a n a on er
our L d is t u m di t
or d ysm whno r l y e e a or, n o a an o ca n a a
h d up
an us b th G d st ds u tsid th w ld d
on o .
”
o an o e e or ,
an
th e ch sm c t b b idg d Th Chu ch fus d

a ann o e r e . e r re e , on
pu ly ligi us g u ds to b put ff with S vi u

re re o ro n , e o a a o r
wh tu o d t x mi ti t b ly
rn e ou i f i on e a na on o e on an n er or
c sm l gic l p i cipl A d f m t h fi st it w
o o o a r n e . n ro e r as an
o mi us c h ct istic f A i ism th t it st v to d
no ara er o r an a ro e r en er
th G sp l i t th t ms f c mmo s s
e o e n o d to k e er o o n e n e, an o
p id i h vi g b ish d l l myst y th t th p bl ms
r e n a n so an e a er a e ro e
f Ch istol gy child s pl y t y f i ly i t llig t

’
o r o ar e a o an a r n e en
o utsid er .
O busi ss is with th p g s of d ct i
ur ne t th e ro res o r n e, n o e
st uggl s f p ti s d w c t f ll w th wi di gs
r e O ar e ,
an e a nn o o o e n n
o f t h si ty y e s of c t v sy Y t it sh uld b s id
x ea r on ro e r . e o e a
th t A ius pl d his c s b f t h wo ld with si gul

a r e a e e ore e r n ar
p litic l d xt ity His i flu c w

o a e t cer fi d t . n en e as no on ne o
Al x d ie an Bish ps d vi gi s f E gypt f v u d h i m
r a . o an r n o a o re ,
an d h h d ch mpi s m g t h
e a pisc p t f P l sti
a on a on e e o a e o a e ne
an d Sy i Sh ll w r a d th ughtful m
. lik w a o an o en a e ere
1
Gotthe i t Ch ri sti , 6 5 .
on e If th A i s susp ct d Al x d f S b lli ism

. e r an e e e an er o a e an ,
his ph s s w m t bl m th his id s
ra e ere ore o a e an ea .
By t h is tim C st ti h d b c m w f th e on an ne a e o e a a re O e
disput P c ivi g h w d t im t l bitt c t v sy

e . er e n o e r en a er on ro er
must b t t h u ity f his mpi b s lv d t b i g

e o e n o e re , e re o e o r n
it t o d d sum m
an d ll Ch is ti bish ps t
en ,
an on e a r an o o
a ss mbl t Ni m i Bithy i
e e a It w t h fi s t e a n n a as e r
e cum ic l C u cil d s m thi g lik 3 0 0 bish ps

en a o n , an o e n e o
a t t d d m stly f m t h E st Tw p sbyt s c m
en e ,
o ro e a . o re er a e
f m Rm
ro d H i o f C d v e,w th anS p ish os u s O
‘
or o a as e an
d puty I t h C u cil its lf w

e . n disti guish th e o n e e can n ree
p ti s sh di g ff i t ch th t h A i s l d by
ar e ,
a n O n o ea o er— e r an ,
e
E us bius f N i m d i
e d c mp otiv ly f w i umb ; co e a, a n o a ra e e n n er
a still sm ll g up wh sid d with Al x d by c vi

a er ro o e e an er on e
ti ; d b tw th s t h g t m j ity f th bish ps
on an e ee n e e, e re a a or O e o ,
e ith t i di ff t to th l gy t pp ci t t h issu
er oo n e ren eo o o a re a e e e,
or disp s d by c s v tis m t s t c t t with O ig

o e on er a o re on en r en
as usu lly i t p t d Of this m iddl p ty t h sp k s

a n er re e . e ar e o e
m an w E us bius f C s
as by f t h m st l e d O ae area , ar e o e arn e
m mb f t h C u cil
e er o e o n .
Fi st f ll t h A i s p s t d c d sh p d
r o a e r an r e en e a ree a e
t o th i mi d ly te r it t fi c ly i f gm ts
n , on o see orn er e n ra en .
O n this E us bius f C s b ught f w d t h e o ae a rea ro or ar e
b ptism l c d f his w chu ch

a a sh t d si m pl
r ee o o n r ,
“
a or an e
d cum t dmi bly c mm d d t c s v tiv f li g

o en ,
a ra re o en e o on e r a e ee n
by its sc iptu l l gu g d p ud t v si s f t h
r ra an a e an r en e a on o e
qu sti b f
e th
on C u cil It w O ig ist i
e ore e o n .
” 1
as r en n
g en eral typ sp ki g f Ch ist th e, Lg s f Gd ea n o r as e o o O o ,
th fi t b e f ll c rsti b g t t- f th
orn F th o a rea on , e o en O e a er
bf e or e ll gs d i ash t h d th g d d b d
a e ,
an ,
n or ,
a e oo an a
f t u s f c m p mis Th bulk of th s p s t
ea re O a o ro e . e o e re e n
w uld h v cc pt d i t with ut discussi ; b t m lik

o a e a e e o on u en e
Ath sius d M c llus f A cy wh

an a an lis d t h ar e o n ra , o re a e e
d g w
an s lv d t t b put ff wit h m biguiti s
er, e re r e o e no o e o a e .
T h y f lt th t ph s s lik fi t b
e e f all c ti ra e e
“
rs - or n o a rea on
g v l p h l t A i ism d th t t h m st t m t
a e a oo - o e o r an ,
an a e ere a e en
th t t h S w m d fl sh ffi m d thi g vit l t
a e on as a e e a r e no n a as o
1
Gwa tki n , S tud i es of A r i a n i sm, 39 .
TH E NI CE NE C RE E D 18 1
H is p si f t u hum s ul P ssibly i t h
os s e s o n o a r e an o . o n e
en d it w H i f C d v wh u g d t h E mp
as o s us O or o a o r e e eror
t i cl d t h p g t w ds Ou u
o n u e 93 w p e re nan or oo a i oq 7 a r i, .
as
a bul w k g i s t quiv c ti ar H i W st
a a n e o a on . o s us , as a e er n ,
m y h v a v l k d t h difficul t i s i t h ph s f
a e o e r oo e e e n e ra e o
which t h E t w c sci us d which h d l d

e a s e rn s ere on o , an a e
t h m ; fif t y y
e s bf t j ct it i t h i ea r e ore, o re e n e r c on
f P ul Fu th dp ’
d m ti e na f S m t on o a o a os a a . r e r, ou v art oe
a g s wi t h t h 1Y st t di t i
ree s t t d by T tulli e e e rn ra on a s a e er an .
O c nth E mp
e h d i dic d his pp v l t hi g
e e r or a n at e a ro a , no n
re m i d f th
a nem j ity b t t sub m i t ; d lti m t ly
or e a or u o an u a e
t he c d f E us bius w m d ll d i
re e spi it f st
o e a s re o e e n a r o e rn
an d s lut pp siti t l l A i isi g vi ws Th t xt

re o e O o on o a r an n e . e e ,
as p ss d with i tu l u imity is f ll ws
a e v r a n an ,
as o o
I
H t a r e v ouev 96 0 V
3
d
(
d v r mv
f Aw e re e va
i
3 I
wv
n a r ep a
Ka
n a vr ox
é va
’
p ro a
p ,
I
A A A A
'
n O
p a r v TE Ka a o
p a r . t et s xv
p i ov
I no ov v Xp t o r ov Ceou yev vndevr a
3
An A7 A
‘
r ov v t ov T OU ,
f ex 7 0 1)
l ’ I
ex ia q
n a r os uovo
A y ev 9 o zj a
A A
‘
7 7 r ov 7T O S,
p , a
’ I ’
Ceou 9 6 0 1) ci h ndt v ov Ceou d h ndw ov
’
0 6 0 1! p p
ex
d
I
,
f
( ro s e fc (
mde v r a
I
a ne s ,
C l A e lc
' 3 3
St 0 1 7 d n d u ra
,
A
'
'
ev v n e v r a o ) n o o oo v o t ov T o) 7 ra r
'
1
y , , g " F E
p ,
f 3
y yy r ov 81 1
3 3 fl A A A C
0
7 6 eu r e eu T
p
f
ey e v e r o , 7 a ov a vr Ka t 7 a
p p .
7a
f l
St a
’ I
T ove c wdp wrr o v s Ka t 7 7711 r /i e r e j '
p a v o wr n t a v x a r eh d ov r a
p
9 l
dp wn ryo a v r a
I I
i wd dov r a , i d va a r d v r a
Ka
A7 a a
p
I
evr a x
yuep a
I
,
e va v
3
a v eh
’
é ovr a
l
ie
,
n a rca
i
’
A p xouev ov
A
‘
r e ov a vo v s , e
7
3 p tr
p ,
.
p Ka
f 7
K
p t l/ a t {wv r a s ‘
Ka t v ex
p ov s . Ka t et c 7 0 if y t ov
f
n v ev p a .
I
36
cl
T ou s h ey o v r a s 7 1)
7 7 TO T ! or e o wc ijv, Ka i n
p i v
9 cl 3 ' l A
y e v vna
a a!
l a a a c
5
A
a t o we nu, Ka t OT t
‘
e
g o u le o ur o w e y e v er o ,
77 6 er e
pa e
A 7 i
¢d0 ) b
f
we 77 va i a q s w a t , 77 a r t a r ov r
a
o K O V7 a 9
'
v n oo r a o e T err r
p
n ‘
) d h h m wr ov i deua r t éet 5 doh t my

n a
’
i r ov v t ov r ov c va 7 xa
’ I
1
e rc/ck rjori a .
1 “
We b el i e v e i n on e God t h e Fa t h er Al m i gh t y Mak er O f a ll t h i n gs
h
,
b ot v i s i bl e a n d i n v i s i bl e An d i n on e Lord J esu s Ch r i s t t h e S on of God ,

h
.
b e got t en of t h e Fa t er, o n l y -b egot t en , t h a t i s, of t h e s ub s t a n c e of the

Fa t h er, God God , Li g t of Li gh t , t rue God of t r ue God , b ego t t e n n ot
of h
m a d e, O f on e s ub st a n ce wi t t h e Fa t h er ( h omoous i on ) ; t ro ug w om h h h h
h
a l l t i n s wer e m a d e , b ot
g t h i n gs i n h ea v en a n d t h i n gs on ea rt h ; wh o h
f or u s m en a n d f or our s a l v a t i on ca m e d o wn a n d wa s m a d e es h , was m a d e fl
f
m a n , s u f ered , a n d rose a ga i n t h e t hi rd d a y ascen d ed i n t o t h e h ea v e n s ,
h
,
a n d comet h to ud ge q u i ck a n d d ea d jAn d i n t h e H ol y S pi ri t B u t t ose . .

18 2 TH E P E Rs oN OF J E S S CHRI ST U
Th e m i d si
th s wh f m d this c d w
a n e re of o e o ra e ree as
O bvi usly o h b m k d t xclud A i ism

, as as een re ar e ,
o e e r an .
A t ll c sts it must b
a ffi m d th t t h
o S is t e a r e a e on no a
c turea d th t H is f
r e, a n ss c with th F th a e o on e e en e e a er .
This xpl i s th lt ti s i t duc d i t th E us bi

e a n e a era on n ro e n o e e an
C d f which b i f ccou t m y b giv

r ee , o T b gi a r e a n a e en . O e n
with Ch ist is d sig t d t L g s but S ; d

,
r e na e ,
no as o o , as on an
t h t w ph s s th fi t b f ll c ti “
e o ra e d b
, e rs - orn O a rea on an e
g tt f th F th b f l l g s
o en o d pp d A i s
e a er e ore a a e ,
”
a re ro e . r an
c uld h v cc pt d b th N xt th
o a e a dditi s
e e o . e , e re are a on
p i ti g i th s m di ctio ( 1)
o n n n ly b g tt h
e a e re n :
“
on - e o en as
a tt ch d t it th xpl to y cl us th t is f m th
a e o e e ana r a e,
“
a ,
ro e
e ss c of t h F th ; ( 2) t w ph s s
en e ei s td a er
”
o ra e a re n er e ,
“
b g tt
e o t m d d th
en , f m us f
no a e,
”
an e a o
“
O on e . essen ce
with th F th ; ( 3 ) th c d ds with u mist k bl

e a er
”
e ree en n a a e
an a t h m s Ac di g t th s d cisi s t h Divi S
e a . c or n o e e e on , e ne on
ship f Ch ist is t f th
O ccid t f ti m but
r se or as no a en o e, an
t l d it w
e er na ,
g ic l ti with i t h G dh d
an ,
as ere , or a n re a on n e o ea .
Th disti cti
e b tw F th n d S d th i u ity
on e een a er an on a n e r n
a re qu l ly st t d d b l c d v g i s t ch oth
e a a e an a an e o er -a a n ea er
by th t w ph s s f m th ss c ( disti cti ) d
e o ra e
“
ro e e en e
”
n on an
f
o ss c ( u ity) Fi lly by ddi g w m d
on e e en e n . na ,
a n
“
as a e
m an to w m d fl sh th A i t t th t Ch ist h d
as a e e , e r an en e a r a a
rea l b dy but hum s ul w d fi itiv ly b d t ;

o ,
no an o ,
as e n e arr e ou
t h C u cil with
e o n m k bl s lf st i t l yi g d w
,
re ar a e e -re ra n ,
a n o n no
o th fi di g to th c stitu t i f th th th pic
er n n as e on on o e ea n ro
p s er on Tw cu i us f cts
. w th m ti o i di tr o a a re or en on , a s n ca
i g th t t h
n C u cil h d
a l i g t O ig
e d w
o n a no ea n n o r en , a n as
m c c d t i sist t h u ity of F th
ore on ern e d S o n on e n a er an on
th t h disti cti
an Ie th fi st pl c th is n on . n e r a e, ere no
f c to t l g
r e e r en e ti ; i t h s c d t h“
e er n a e n era on
”
n e e on ,
e
a na th m s mpl y t wt m m
e a d v e sy yms o a an o o ta
’
as n on .
Th l tt e us g lm st titl s t hi k lik M c llus

a er a e a o en e a n er e ar e
wh o sa y
’
‘
t h
wa s on ce w e n H e wa s n ot a n d b e ore b ei ng b e
th at ere
’
h ,
’ ‘
f
got t en H e was n ot , a n d H e ca m e t o b e of t h i n gs t h a t were n ot or con t en d ,
t h a t t h e S on O f God i s O f a d i ff eren t s ubs ta n ce or essen ce, or crea t e d or

h h h h h
,
”
( m oral ly ) a l t erabl e or m u t a bl e t ese d ot h t h e Ca t oli c C urc a n a t ema t i ze
— .
F or t h e Greek t ex t , se e H a h n , 14 2 .
18 4 TH E P E RS ON OF J E S US C H RI S T
si c p t c m s p t w uld h v b i suffici t
n e re en a n e on an
’
ar o a e een n en
re m dy ; d h c i His i fi it l v G d did t h w d
e an en e n n n e o e o e on er
o f w d s Th oni mm t l W d t k hu m fl sh d
er . e or a or oo an e ,
an
g v His m t l b dy f
a e ll H w ught d liv
or a c o or u S a .
” 1
e ro e e ran e
by c ivi g t h p i cipl f d th i t Hi ms lf
re e n
p e r n e o ea n o e , so er
m itti g it t w k ll its might d t

n o His tu rea a an err or on na re ,
an d ulli g its p w f ll wh
ann n with lif o er or a o a re on e e
i n Him By su cti H v quish d th p w s f

. re r re on e an e e o er o
c upti f v i
orr t iumph which is t h su ty f
on or e er, n a r e re o
ou r gl i us t t G d
or o T th v y w ds
r e urn o o . o u se e
'
er or
o f Ath sius H w m d m th t w might b

an a ,
“
e as a e an a e e
m d Gd a e o .
” 1
His pi ci g c iticisms f t h A i d ct i er n o ly r O e r an o r ne a re n
an pplic ti f th s p i cipl s f m which h v

a a on o e e r n e ,
ro e ne er
sw v d A ius h s id t ght pu p lyth ism ; f if

er e .
3
r , e a ,
au re o e or
t h F th e is t F th v l sti gly d if i tim S

a er no a er e er a n ,
an n e a on
e m g s t h fi it p g y f G d h d d ft w ds
er e ,
as e n e ro en O o ea ,
an a er ar
a S pi it l w still whr sw f it th t this is th

o er ,
o ca n a n er or a e
en d? O ly if t h S is id tic l i tu
n d ss c e on en a n na re a n e en e
with t h F th is it p ssibl t sp k f t h Divi u ity

e a er o e o ea o e ne n ,
d th t this is t h S s t u pl c is s ttl d by t h f ct ’
an a e on r e a e e e e a
th t Ch isti s p y t H i m Ag i th th y f A ius
a r an ra o . a n, e eor O r
t k s l l c t i ty t f s lv ti
a e a F h w
er a n it b ou O a a on . or o ca n e
c t i if th L g s is m lly lt bl ; h w i th t c s
er a n e o o ora a er a e o n a a e
ca n w t h u ch gi g F t h i t h S
e see g d th
e n an n a er n e on , or r e ar e
t h F th s im g I sh t giv th A i vi w ’
S on a s e a er a e n or ,
en e r an e
O f Ch ist it is idl t t lk f
r ,
tt i i g t l u i e o a o ou r a a n n o rea n on
with G d t h f giv ss f si s i m m t lity If t h

o , or e or en e o n ,
or or a . e
S hon c t d t His b c m i g m l v s us still

as a rea e n a ur e , e o n an ea e
a t dist c f m G d f
a an wh is ec t likro o ,
or n o on e o a rea ure e
o u s l s c uld is us t
r e ve ss wit h t h C t
o Hra e o on en e e r ea or . e
c uld v giv us wh t H h d t f Hi ms lf A G d
o ne er e a e a no or e . o
h d t igi l b u t d iv d c uld t b p ss d t
ea no or na ,
er e ,
o no e a e on o
1
Gwa t k i n , A r i a n Con tr oversy 10 , .
“ ” “ '
1
On t h e ren d eri n g God , ra t h er t h a n god s , see Rob ert son s n ot e,
p . 54 of h i s t ra n s l a t i on of At h a n a s i us ( N i cen e a nd P ost -N i cene F a th ers,

vol
f
.
3
Cf See berg, D ogmengesch i ch te ( l t e
. 16 2 .
HI S C RI T I CI S M OF A RI US 18 5
o th s Acc di gly H h d t p m ti f m His

er . or n ,
“
e a
"
no ro o on ro
d sc t but t h Hi ms lf p m t d t h thi gs which

e en ,
ra er e ro o e e n
n ee d d p m ti ; d if H d sc d d t ff ct th i
e ro o on an e e en e o e e e r
p m ti th f H did t c iv i w d t h m
ro o on , e re ore e no re e e n re ar e na e
o f th S ed God but th H Hims lf h m d us

on a n ,
ra er e e as a e
s s f t h F th
on o d d ifi d m by b c m i g Hi m s l f
e a er , a n e e en e o n e
m an Th f H w
. t m d th
er e or e b c am G d e as n o an , a n en e e o ,
but H w G d d t h b c m m e as d th t t d ifyo , an en e a e an , a n a o e
us .
”
This is id which p p tu lly cu s ; t p t k
1
an ea er e a re r o ar a e
o f th S is t p t k f G d Hi m s lf A d c m
e on o ar a e O o e .
2
n on e ore,
t h id
e f c s m l gic l m di t is sup flu us G d is
ea o a o o o a e a or er o . o
no t t p ud t t uch t h w ld d ds i t m di y
oo ro o o e or ,
an n ee no n er e ar
t b i g Hi m i c t ct with fi i t d Such ti is '
o r n n on a n u e . a no on
imm su bly m u w thy f Him wi th ut wh m t

ea ra ore n or O o o no
e v sp w f lls t t h g u d t h
en a a rro cl ss ti f a o e ro n ,
an a ea r a er on O
His c tiv ctivity I d d with su p isi g div g c

r ea e a . n ee ,
a r r n er en e
i t pu l gic At h sius i
n o re p ss g u g s th t if
o ,
an a n on e a a e
3
r e a
G d o ds m di t t c t d t h L g s is c t u
n ee a e a or o re a e , a n e o o a rea re ,
y t
e t h m
an o di t mus t h v b er qui d t c t e H i m a or a e een r e re o re a e ,
an d t i fi ity
so on A ius th f s t isfi s so n n . r e re or e a e r ea on as
li ttl h d s ligi
e as e oe re on .
Thus if A ius h ld Ch ist p t f t h c t d w ld

,
r e r as ar o e rea e or ,
A th sius c t d d s t ill m
a na s lut ly th t His pl c
on e n e or e r e o e a a e
is wi t hi t h sph f ss ti l G dh d C fully
n e er e O e en a o ea . a re
m i t i i g th t Divi u i t y t which S b ll i h d b
a n a n n a ne n o a e us a orn e
c f s d wit ss h t f t h t h b i g f t h S
on u e ne ,
e se or e e n o e on as
Divi i t h bs lut d t l s s
ne n 1Vh t
e a th t o e an e er n a en e .
“
a e v er a
m an n er f xist c is which di ff c s G d f m ll
o e en e e re n e o ro a
c tu s th t is t b sc ib d t t h S
rea re ,
a w ll t o e a r e o e on as e as o
t h F th His is m di ti g tu O ig
” 4
e a er . h d no e a n na re, a s r en a
t ught b tw th i c d th c t d ; t h S is “
a , e ee n e n r ea t e a n e rea e e on
di ff t i ki d d diff t i ss c f m thi gs
e ren n n an er e n n e en e ro n
or igi t d
n a e, th c t y is p p t t h F t h s
an on e on ra r ro er o e a er
’
e ss c d en e i tu wi t h i t
an A t t h s m tim on e n na re .
” s
e a e e
His i d p d t p s l b i g is s cu d Wh t bi ds
n e en en e r on a e n e re . a n
1
Ar i ( Rob erts on
’
Or . c . . . 3 8- 3 9 s t ra ns l a t i on ) .
2 3 4
I bi d . 16 . I bid . ii . 26 . Ra i ny , op . ci t . 33 5 .
5 A r i 58 ; of .
Or . c . . . 13 .
18 6 TH E P E RS ON OF J E S US CH RI S T
F tha er t g th is u ity f ss c ( é m 3
an d Son o e er n o e en e vo
'
s 7 7 9
o t a ta
) ;
’
t h W d is g
s t f m t h ss c f t h F th
e or en e ra e ro e e en e o e a er .
S till t fi st Ath
,
a sius h ws c t i v id c f t h w d
r an a s o a er a n a o an e o e or
o u é which ccu s b t c i th O ti
oo o t os, t o r u on e n e ra on es con r a
A i r a n os H sp ks i d d f t h S
. e h vi g with His
ea n ee o e on a s a n
F th th
a er ss f G dh d i divisibl
e on en e d f st O o ea n e,
” 1
an re e r o
t h id ntity f t h G dh d which S d F th
” 1
e e o e on e o ea on a n a er
sh a re H . v xp ss his m i g d qu t ly by th
e ca n e en e re ean n a e a e e
t m lik i v i ty f c mbi ti s ; lik i ss c

er
“
e,
”
n a ar e o o na on as e n e en e
”
or lik e i ll thi gs A d, i g m t with t h Nic

“
n a n . n n a re e en e en e
C d h mpl ys b é
r ee , e ed i sy yms
o n o ra a ts an
’
o zzo a as n on .
But it h b p i t d t t h t ch g t k pl c du i g
as e en o n e ou a a an e oo a e r n
his s c d xil p t f which w sp t i R m ( 3 3 9

e on e e, ar O as en n o e
F wh t v s Ath sius w t b ck t
or a e er rea on , an a en a o
Al x d i mo c vi c d dv c t f th t m u u ’
e an r a a re on n e a o a e o e er o oo o t os ,
which th Nic C u cil b m ks h d i s t d t ch ck

e en e o n , e re ar ,
a n er e o e
t h E us bi s by w y f sig ifyi g th t t h S w f m “
e e an ,
a o n n a e on as ro
t h F th t m ly lik but t h s m i lik ss ” 3

e d
a er , a n no er e e, e a e n en e .
I t is ch ct istic f him th t i such c s h w uld

a ra er o a n a a e e o
no t d cli eth w ph s ne e ne er ra e .
4
Th S th c m s f th f m t h F th by
e on , en , o e or ro e a er
bi th g
r ti ; d by g
or en e ra ti At h sius m son an en era on ana ea n
si m ply t h S s c mpl t p ticip ti i th wh l

e on
’
o e e ar a on n e o e
e ss c f t h F th
en e o Th id f ffl
e am tio er . e ea o an e ux or e an a n
is i pplic bl
na G d b i g with ut p ts is F th
a e :
“
f o , e n o ar ,
a er o
th e S with ut p titi
on p ssi ; f th is i t h
o ar on or . a on or er e ne er
e ffl of th Imm t i l
u en ce i flux f m with u t
e a er a ,
n or n ro o , as
1
1
Or c Ar i v 4 1 1
I bi d i i i 4 d e D eer 20
h h
. . . . . . . . . .
1
‘
W h en At h a n a si us says ( d e D ccr . 27 ) t at the W ord is n ot of a n ot er
e ssen ce or sub s i s t en ce ( 65 é r ép a s ot a ta s i) inroo r d a ews) , bu t p rop er t o t h e

'
Fat h er s,
’ ”
he is ob v i ousl y h mp a er ed by h avin
g so f a r n o set t l ed t erm f or t h e
d i st i nct i on s i n t h e God ea d Hy p os t asi s han d ou si a
“
are u sed i n t er
” “ ”
h h
.
c a n gea bl y Th e W es t h a d p erson ae f or t h e t ree asp ect s of D ei ty , b ut t h e

.
q
Greek e ui v al en t ( r p é o m ra ) was s usp ect owi ng t o i t s Sab elli an associ a t i on s .
Th i s l a ck of t erm i n ol ogi ca l un a n i m i t y a n d cl earn ess wa s ex t rem el y a wk ward

h
a n d a t t i mes we ca n see t a t E ast ern s a n d W es t ern s wh o el t t h emsel v es a t f
v a ri a n ce were rea l l y i n a greemen t , b ut got t o cross -p ur p oses t h roug the h
a m bi u i t
g y of t erms, a n d es p eci a l l y owi n g t o t h e a ct t a t t h e t ec n i cal word s f h h '
i n Gre ek and La t i n d i d n ot c orres p on d S omet hi g w n as d on e t o cl ear up t h e

f
.
con us i on b y t h e Coun ci l Of Al e x an d ri a i n 3 6 2 .
L ki g b ck w oo p c iv th t st gly m
n a ,
e can er e e a a ron on o
th istic t d cy g v t
e t enA th sius mi d d
en a e on e o an a
’
n , an
l t i sistibl f c t his c fl ict with t h f ll w s f

en rre e or e o on e o o er o
A ius r His u f lt i g c vic t i th t t h S h His

. n a er n on on a e on as
b i g wi t hi t h
e n G dh d w ls i li with
n e on e o ea as a o n ne
i mm m i l Ch isti i sti cts d w xp ss d b sid

e or a r an n n ,
an as e re e , e es,
wi th such s lut d p sist t gy t h t ft his

re o e an er en e n er a a er
tim ith S b lli ism

e ne d ct i f sub di ti
er a e an n or a o r ne o or na on
a
f
fl ti g th ec i t i sic tu f th S c uld m k
n e n r n na re O e on o a e
h dw y But with l Ath sius v w v d i th

ea a . a ana ne er a ere n e
b li f th t th F th is th s c d f u t i f d ity
e e a e a er e our e an o n a n o e .
Th s t w sp cts f th y t h
e e o a id tifyi g th S
e o eor , e on e en n e on
with t h F th s ss c t h th e a p s ti g t h S
er
’
e e n e, e o er re re en n e on
as om h w c us d by
S e d iv d f m t h F th
o a e , or er e ro ,
e a er as
th Divi M d
e b th p s t i his w iti gs
ne on a ,
a re o re en n r n ,
an d ith ne b ig d i sti m t f t h wh l
e r ca n e n ore n an e a e o e o e .
A im dv si s
n a d ubt m y b m d up this th t
er on ,
no o ,
a e a e on or a
d f c t i his t chi g W sh uld put diff tly his

e e n ea n . e o er en
poi t th t G d is F t h by t u
n a d
o t f will f a er na re , a n no O ,
”
or
to th m d mi d will is th v y c
e o er n d ss c f n e er ore an e en e o
p s lity A d th L d s hum ity is f d t

er on a . n e or
’
an r e e rre o
with m i us f qu cy i t m s which m ight s m t

o no re en n er ee o
m k it c sist ly f t h fl sh N will Ath sius

a e on on o e e . or an a
’
e x g sis lw ys b i sp cti th ugh h h

e e a a i sti ct ea r n e on , o e as a n n n
f orth lly imp t t p ss g s f th N w T st m t

e r ea or a n a a e O e e e a en .
His p w l y i his p ss ssi f t h t uth d i his

o er a n o e on o e r , an n
w t hy p s t ti f g t c us His ph s l gy
or re r e en a on o a r ea a e . ra e o o
is by m s s c s ct d w sh uld f t pply
no ea n a ro an ,
an e o O en a a
diff t m d f gu m t ; but with t h N w T st m t

eren o e o ar en e e e a en
i h ds it is i m p ssibl t t cqui sc i h i m i
n ou r an o e no o a e e n s a n
c clusi
on Ev th w d c subst ti l
on . en e or
“
on an a
”
so fi c ly ss il d b th th
er e d w is but t h
a a ss ti
e o en a n no , e a er on
o f th l d ity f Ch ist i t rms of t h phil s phy by

e rea e o r n e e o o
which it h d b d i d a een en e .
1
Cf 1
I l w h R
. d R
l ing ort l ,
ea son an evel a ti on , 1 23 . Th e p a ce of
A h t a n a si u s a s al d b b d by
grea t srel i gi ou s ea er h as een o scur e h i s p os i t i on a
wh
t h eol ogi a n ; b u t w w wh d w d t urn t o h i s ri t i n gs , e fin l ess Of
'
a en e ere o
wh a t i s c omm on l y c al l e d d ogma t i c t h eol ogy ? Th ere i s . ar

gum en t , reas on
M ARCE LL S OF AN CY RA U 18 9
4 . Ma r cellus of A n eyra é hv s — At Ni ceea , we a e een
vict y b i g s tch d by
or e n s lut m i ity i f c na e a re o e n or n a e
o f i mm s ly l g but d ivid d p ty Th g t
an en e ar er e ar . e rea
m di ti g g up ft c ll d E us bi s
e a n ro l t S mi
— o en a e e an , or a er e
A i s th gh this t m
r an , lly b lo gs to th l t
ou er rea e n e a er
p ty f H m s quickly c v d th ms lv s d
ar o o oea n —
re o ere e e e , an a
r ea cti su d Th b li f f t h chu ch s w g i st
on en e . e e e o e r e as a a n
A ius y t
r ,
t d fi it ly fe Nic no This t ll v ts e n e or aea . a a e en
h lds t u f t h E st wh c s v tiv f li g i cli d

o r e o e a , ere on e r a e ee n n ne
st gly t t h i d fi it Ch ist l gic l f mul s f

ron o e n e n e r o o a or a o an
old tim Tw bj cti s w m d I t h fi rst

er e . o o e on ere a e . n e
pl c On fi w
a e, w w d
oo d it w
o i os h d as a ne or , an as an un ea r
O i thi g thus t put n u sc iptu l xp ssi ( d o an n r ra e re on an on e
p vi usly c d m d) i t c d
re o on t th e c d f ne n o a ree —
no e ree o a
p ticul bish p but symb l d fi iti c st uct d

ar ar o ,
a o or e n on on r e
by g a l C u cil d m t f t h wh l Chu ch
e n er a o n ,
an ean or e o e r .
T this Ath sius j i s th t if t h xp ssi s “

o an a re o n a e e re on a re
no t i m y w ds i t h Sc iptu s y t th y c t i
n SO an or n e r re , e e on a n
th s s f t h Sc ip t u s
e en e O S c d ly t h Nic
e r re .
” 1
e on , e en e
d ct i w d u c d
o r ne S b lli
as S m c l u it
en o n e as a e an . o e o o r,
m y ba dmi t t d w giv t t his ccus ti by t h

e a e ,
as en o a a on e
t chi g f M c llus f A cy th wh m t h Nic

ea n o ar e o n ra, an o e en e
C d hd m
r ee a d t ch m pi no His is cu i usly
or e ar en a on . a r o
m d typ f th y i c t i sp cts d will p y

o ern e o e or n er a n a e ,
an re a
a b i f x m i ti
r e e a na on .
2
in g, s ea rch i n g f d h m b
f or p r oo s a n
ll b l t ei r s t a t e en t ; ut a that e on s
g to the
out w k f
or s Oh T l d l
hi s t ea c i n g i I he ce n t ra ci t a e is a s
p r i t ua l i n t ui t i on —
k w h h H k
.
no mt at G d W
y Sav i ou r i s t h em d o d ho a e h e a v en an ea r t e t oo
h
.
hi s ml
st a n d fi r y a n d u n fli n ch i n gl y l d l on t at
p erson a e x p eri en ce , an a ll e se
m d
a t t ere m d little f m co p are f w wi t h t h e un d a e n t a l s i r i t ua l a c t
p It a s n ot
fl f
.
h is m
ar
gu h en t s , bu t is d un i n ch i n g a i th , th a t con v i n c e h i s gen era t i on
”
(Li n d H
y,sa f Rf m
i stor y o t h e e or a ti on , v ol
A i fl l . . t h a n a s i u s e t es s
m
i n t eres t i n t h e p robl e of t h e t h ea n t h r op i c P ers on , d an d can h a rd l y b e sa i
to recogn i s e
1
d t he d C h
i s t i n c t i on of p erson an n a tu r e. f Sc. eel , 102 .
d e D eer 21 . .
1
A cl e a r, if ra t h er un s y m p a t h e t i c , a ccou n t of th e Ch r i s t ol ogy of
M arc el l us i s gi v e n b y Gwa tk i n S tud i es of A r i a n i sm 7 5 — 8 2 See a l so , , .
Mob erl y s v al ua bl e n ot e, A ton em en t a n d P er son a l i ty 20 8 — 15 ; a n d Sa n d a y

’
, ,
A m od ern wri t er wh o res e m bl es M a rce l l u s i s t h e cel e

“
in E D E i v 5 7 9 . . .
bra t ed M os es S t ua rt of An d ov er ; see some i n t eres t i ng p ages i n Fost er s

’
H i stor y of the New E ngl a n d Th eol ogy , ch a p x . .

His m i i t st i t h u ity f G d w a n n ere n e n O o as
e xhibit d i e g tic tip thy t th dith ism

n an en er e an a o e e
h f lt t b
e e c u g d by if t im m di t ly d iv d
o e en o ra e , no e a e er e
f m th t chi g f O ig
ro , e But h w
ea t n o r en . e as no con
i
sc ou s ly S b lli I st d h w t b ck
a a e h t
an . n ea , e en a ,
as e no
quit u tu lly b li v d t t h uth tic d ct i f t h

e n na ra e e e , o e a en o r ne o e
N w T st m t
e H ldi g with t h A i s th t g
e a en . o n e r an a en er a
ti c i d with it th i f i ity f t h S
on a rr e ith e n er or O e on , a s n e er
t l
co-e ern a qu l wi t h th F th h j ct d th
n or co - e a e a er , e re e e e
t m S
er
“
d sig ti
on
”
f th p as xist t O a e na on o e re - e en ne .
L g s is th p p t m ; th S
o o the th ro er er e on , on e o er
h d s id M c llus w g
an ,
a t t His bi th f u
ar e ,
as en era e a r
“
o r
hu d d y s g t which p i t f ti m t h L g s
n re ea r a o,
”
a o n o e e o o
i
— e th. t lly i h t p w f G d which m g d
. e e er n a n er en o er o o , e er e
b f tim to c t t h w ld c m f th i t p s l
e ore e rea e e or — a e or n o er on a
subsist c Th igi l m g c f t h L g s b i g
en e . e or na e er en e o e o o e n
an ctiv xt s i f th G dh d t h l tiv dis

a e e en on o e o ea ,
” 1
e re a e
t i cti
n i m pli d i it w ug m t d by t h i c
on e n as a en e e n arn a
ti ; t h i c t L g s
on e h puts it is s p t d
n arn a e o o ,
as e ,
“
e ara e
f m th F t h by t h w k ss f fl sh y t wi t h ut
ro e a er e ea ne o e ,
”
e o
ch g i His p vi us l ti
an e n I fi th W d re o re a on . n n e,
“
e or
as such is pu pi it d ly b c m th S f G d re S r ,
an on e a e e on O o
by b c mi g t h S f M e o n I th s m w y t h e on O an .
” 1
n e a e a , e
S pi it xists
r ly si c Ch ist b th d it His discipl s
e on n e r rea e on e .
W th
e seeM d b i g xp d d i t T i d
e At
on a e n e an e n o a r a
” 3
th P e usi Ch ist will pp i fl sh c m

a ro a, th
r a e ar n e on e ore ere
a ft t h l ti f S ship will t m i t th L g s
er e re a on o on er n a e,
“
e o o
b i g m g d i G d H w b f t h xist c f
e n er e n o as e as e ore e e en e O
th e w ld Wh t will t h b c m f His b dy
or .
”
a en e o e o o ,
u w thy f G d i
n or y c s it is i m p ssibl t y
O o n an a e, o e o sa .
If t S b ll i t h th y w t l st S b lli
no a e an , e e or as a ea a e an
isi g Th t its uth w ck wl dg d by t h g t

n . a a or as a no e e e r ea
bulk of t h H m usi s p v s h w si c ly th y h ld
e o o an ro e o n er e e e
th eDivi u ity d t k th th f ld histo ic v l

ne n , an oo e ree o r re e a
ti on a s th p i t f d p tu e M c llus m t th m h
o n .
o e ar re . ar e e e er e .
Th eCh ist f th G sp ls is
r o fiu th t l e o e x a r ez
‘
n ve a e e e rn a
1
wh a T dvea fia t é uepy ei a
'
.
1
Gwa t ki n , A r i a n Con tr oversy , 5 4 .
1 ’
i) nev a s ¢ a i uer a t n h a r vv on v n e s r é t ‘
p t ct aa .
19 2 TH E P E RSON OF J ES US C H RI ST
th e oth h d d with qu l bvi us ss if th S is

er an , an e a o o ne , e on
u b g tt H c t b G d t h F th is ; y i
n e o en e an n o e o as e a er na , n
st ict ss H c t b lik t h F th t ll f H is
r ne , e an n o e e e a er a a , or e
a m c tu
er e E i rea ly put this A h m re . u z o us on n o oea n
p siti blu tly wh

o on t A ti ch i n 361 h c id en a n o n e arr e
th e p siti t h t t h S is
o on d i a iu e on [ca r arc v r a
’
oi vc o roe
7 Ta 7
p
'
t T h
. xt st p w xplicitly
e t
ne c d m th e as e o on e n e
N ic en e C d ; d this w duly d i th Si m i
r ee an as on e n e r an
m i f st
an e o v tly A i d cum t i which it an o er r an o en n
w as d cl d th t th w ds ss c f t h s m ss c
e are a e or e en e, o e a e e en e,
or O f lik ss c ught t t b us d b c us th y d
e e en e, o no o e e , e a e e o
no t ccu io th H ly Sc iptu s d b c us th m t t
r n e o r re ,
an e a e e a er
p ss s h um c m p h si
a e Ev an th vt o H i re en on .
1
en e e era n os u s
w as c mp ll d t ig th ugh h w uld t c d m
o e e o S n, o e o no on e n
Ath sius This s m d t m k

an a . d f t h N ic ee e o a e an en o e en e
d ct i f g d But th p licy f huddli g up di th

o r ne or oo . e o o n
cu l ti i
es sil c n ly p sp s w en th esitu tira r e ro er ,
n or as e a on
cl d by t h s dul us v siv ss f th d fi i t i
ear e e e o e a en e o e e n on
p m t d by th w H m
ro o e p ty s ft t t h
e ne o oea n ar oon a er a e
c f c i Si m iu m
on er en e W n
y th t t h
r S is “
e sa a e on
lik t h F th i l l thi gs th H ly Sc iptu s y

e e a er n a n , as e o r re sa
d t ch c p ci us mbigui ty f ph s
” 1
an ea I th . n e a a o a o a ra e
lik this v t h pu ctu ti f which w u c t i

e , e en e n a on o as n er a n ,
a l l s ts orf pi i w t h m
o M o whil th s
n on ere a o e . ean e, e e
mi imisi g t d ci s m d littl
n n enh dw y i th
en e a e e or no ea a n e
W st e .
Th ugh ut t h E st ls th y w
ro o pp s d st gly e a a o e ere O o e ron .
I n 3 5 8 B sil p sid d
,
v c u cil t A cy which
a re e o er a o n a n ra ,
a ffi m d v y m ph t ic lly t h S s simil ity f ss c

r e er e a a e on
’
ar o e en e ,
an d f m d t h tu i g p i t
or e f th c t st by givi g
e rn n - o n o e on e n
r is t t h H m i p ty R j cti g th Nic
e o e o oeou s a n ar . e e n e en e
c subst ti l S b lli th y d cli d t h A h m

on an a as a e an , e e ne e n o oea n
p siti still m v h m tly G du lly th y b g

o on ore e e en .
3
ra a e e an
sl wly t pp xim t t t h e Nic t h l gy f li g

,
o o a ro a e o en e eo o , ee n
th t with i t l y t h futu
a f ligi At h
a sius e re o re on . an a
re tu d c m t Al x d i
rn e on d h ld
e t ore o e an r a, an e ou a con
c ili t y h
a or d H c g is d ( d Sy d i ) th t t h
an . e re o n e e no s a e
3
1
S ee H a h n, 16 1 .
1
I bi d . 16 3 . 16 2 .
TH E Y OU NGE R NI CE N E P ART Y 19 3
H om oeousi a n fo mul f lik ss c w disti ctly

r a
“
o e
‘
e en e as n
m t both t ffi m Ch ist s t u S ship d t d y

ean o a r r
’
r e on an o en
Hi c s tu hood ; d th ugh p f i g his w t ms

r ea re an o r e e rr n o n er ,
h w e willi g to discuss t h m tt
as n Tw p i ts e a er . o o n a re
w th oti g W h B sil d his f i ds u g d th t

.
or n n . en a an r en r e a
'
o u i sh
o o i o t oquld b pl c od by b u w e t re th y a e
'
o c xa r
’
o
'
o i a v, e
m t c su l s mbl c but th sp cific id tity ;

ea n no a a re e an e, ra er e en
Ch ist is
r ti lly lik G d
essen a hum is lik his
e o as a an son e
f th
a er A d
. g i it w m g th s H m i
n a a n, as a on e e o oeou s a n
w it s fi st th t d i d f é
r er r a ob g t b disti
o a an j rr o r a o t s
r ‘
e an o e n
g i h
u s d cl e ly ; t h ear b i g us d t d sig t
e on e t h Divi e n e o e na e e ne
e ss c ( L t b t ti ) t h th to d t p s l
en e a . su s a n a , e o er en o e a er on a
disti cti withi th G d h d ( L t p

n on n ) e Th y f lt o ea a . er son a . e e
th t if this us ful di ff ti tio f t h g

a e l f m th
er en a n o e en era ro e
i dividu l w
n a d p t d l l d g f t ki g th Nic
ere a o e ,
a an er o a n e en e
f m ul i S b lli s s w uld b g
or a n a a e anTh u d en e o e on e . e n er
st di g
an n th s p i ts tt i d b tw
ou e e A th o n sius a a ne e e en ana
an d th H m e i t th
o C u cil f Al x d i i
oeous a n s a e o n o e an r a n
362 su d th ultim t f ll f A i ism d issu d i

, en re e a e a O r an , an e n
th e f m ti or f th a y u g Nic p ty Th s m
on o e o n er en e ar . e a e
C u cil pudi t d th vi w th t th H ly Spi it is

o n re a e e e a e o r
“
a
c tu
rea disti ct f m t h ss c of t h S
re ,
”
or n rot t e e en e e on , a en e
which h d b a m i t i d by g ou p l d by M c
een a n a ne a r e a e
d i on us o f C st ti pl on an no e .
This y u g Nic o n p ty w h d d by th
er en e ar as ea e re e
re m k bl m B sil of C s
ar a e en , ( di d a his f i d ae a rea e r en
G g y of N i
re or ( di d d
a z a n zus his b th e an ro er
G g y f Nyss ( di d ft
re or O a Th y w eth i a er e ere en us
as ti stud
c ts f O ig en i spit O f t h g wi g t d cy
r en — n e o e ro n en en
to ra n k him h tic l wh v d Ath si u s th

as er e a — o re ere an a as e
f th of th d xy By i t p ti g his th l gy i
a er or o o . n er re n eo o n
an O ig istic s s
r en th y l t to it col u c sid
en e , e en a o r on er
a bly di ff t f m th igi l But th i i flu c

eren ro e or na . e r n en e on
th e d ct i of t h T i ity w p f u d Ass u m i g t h
o r ne e r n as ro o n . n e
th hyp st s s i t h G dh d th y st ov to b i g
re e o a e n e o ea , e r e r n
ou t th u ity f th
e n Divi ss c d t fix th i
o e on e ne e en e, a n o e r
re sults t h sig ific c f t h p i cip l t m s w d fi d

e n an e o e r n a er as e ne
with w sh p ss
a ne O ar w c iv d ig i fi
ne
“’
vo t a
’
no re e e a s n
c c mid w y b tw
an e th bst ct ss c
a e d th een e a ra
‘
e en e
’
an e
con c t i dividu l y t th t it i cli d v y st gly

re e
‘
n a ,
’
e so a n ne er ron
t th f m
o ; i é
e or w pl c d i m i g m id w y
er nr
'
o ra o t s as a e n ea n n a
b tw p s
e e en d qu li t y ( ccid t
er on md yt
an a a en or
‘
o e e so
th t th p s l id w t h st g
a e e r on a S t ti g ea as e ron er .
” 1
ar n as
th y did f m t h th
e ss i t h Divi with th u ity
ro e re e n e n e n e, e n
as myst i us p bl m it w p ticul ly diffi cult f

a er o ro e ,
as ar ar or
th C pp d ci s t v id th s mbl c f t ith ism

e a a o an o a o e e an e o r e ,
an d this w ccus ti l g cu t i th W st
as an a a on on r re n n , e e .
I Ch ist l gy th i w k l g ly sult d i
n r o o , viv l e r or ar e re e n a re a
o f t h id f th L g s
e ea m di t f c ti
o e A d o o ,
as e a or o re a on . n
y t th y i g
e t cl
e ly th b li vi g c t i ty th t o ly
r n ou ear e e e n er a n a n
th ugh G d Hims lf is f ll wship with G d cc ssibl to

ro o e e o o a e e
m an This d t mi s th i vi w f th L d s p s
. e er ne e r e o e or
’
er on .
B t th y l y t h
u e mph sis th wis th Ath sius
a e e a o er e an ana .
B sil f x mpl gu s th t th v l ti of th Im g
a ,
or e a e, a r e a e re e a on e a e
o f G d i fl sh giv s us th t k wl dg
o n e f G d which e a no e e o o
m k s us lik Him d th t ly H wh is t h ss ti l
a e e ,
an a on e o e e en a
Good p f ct us i g d ss G g y f N i
can er e n oo n e . re or O a z a n z us
c t ds th t
on en d ify a spi its s v H wh is
n on e ca n e our r a e e o
S pi it ss ti lly
r e d th t en ly th d th f t h S f
a , an a on e ea O e on o
G d o t f th si s f t h wh l w ld G g y
ca n a on e or e n o e o e or . re or
o f Nyss l ks b ck mo a g ly t th his t ic Ch ist

oo a re ea er o e or r ,
p i t dly mi g Him h w v th ly b g tt G d
o n e na n ,
o e er ,
“
e on - e o en o ,
”
wh lly id t ic l i ss c with t h F th
o en a n e en e e a er .
I 3 8 1 th n E mp Th d sius c v k d ge l eror eo o on o e a en era
C u cil t C st ti pl
o n a d th oni dditi t th
an no e, an ere , n a on o e
c d m ti f t h S b lli s d th v i us typ s f
on e na on o e a e an an e ar o e o
A i t h N ic
r an, C d i its igi l f m w tifi d
e en e re e n or na or as ra e .
N 0 w c ne d w t f t h F c tu i s t diti h ld
re e a s se or . or en r e ra on e
th t t h c d w c m m ly k w
a e r ee no th N ic o on no n as e en e
( t ch
e ic lly t
n h N i a C st ti p lit
e ) h d b c aen o - on an no o an a een
p mu l g t d t this C u cil which is c t i ly

ro a e a o n , er a n an e rror .
It c m i t xist c
a e lin o e d h cl s s mbl c s
en e ea r er, a n as o e re e an e
to c d which
a ree E p iph i l t s w us d by ,
as a n us re a e ,
as e
t h Chu ch f S l mis i Cyp us

e r o O th s c a a ct it wi t h n r . er on n e
H k G 1
f L f i R
arnac ,
i r u n d r i ss, 18 2 c . oo s, n E . v . 46 .
1
H ah n , 14 4 .
C H A P TE R V .
T
CON ROVE RS I E S AS T O T H E F UL L H U MAN ITY
O F C H RI S T .
1 . xi m th t t h
Ap olli n a r i a n i sm — I t . wa s n ow an a o a e
Divi m if st d i J sus Ch ist w

ne an e i ss c
e n e r as on e n e en e
with sup m G dh d His l hum ity ls h d

re e o ea . r ea an a o a
b ee nssum d f m t h fi st d xplicitly d f d d i
a e ro e r , an e e en e n
O pp siti t G stic d c tism But m h d sc c ly

o on o no o e . en a ar e
re fl ct de th qu sti h w t w t u s c uld u it
e on e e on o o na re o n e
in p s lity h w m c uld b m d i lif

on e er on a , or o r oo o e a e, n a e
thus du l c mp sit f hum

a ortu wh l
o o e, or an na re as a o e .
T tulli h d sp k f t w subst c s i
er an a p s ;
o en o o an e n on e er on
”
but this w W st f mul Th i sti ctiv f li g

as a e ern or a . e n n e ee n
of th C h u ch w f c u s th t i d to s v m
e r as o o r e a n or er a e an
Ch ist must H i m lf b m
r But if G d d m se
’
e an . o an a n a re
a ctu lly disp ta d i c mm su bl h w h ll this

a ra e an n o en ra e, o S a
d p c vi g f t h b li vi g c sci u s ss b s tisfi d ?
ee ra n o e e e n on o ne e a e
Th p bl m c u ld
e ro t b s lv d by t h m ly figu tiv
e o no e re o e e ere ra e
d cl ti th t t h hum ity of J sus is i th L g s

e ara on a e an e n e o o as
gl wi g i i fi
o n ron n re .
W h v s th t i th Nic C d m d fl sh
e a e een a n e en e ree a e e
w xpl i d by t h dd d ph s m d m
as e a ne i d e a e ra e a e an ,
”
n or er
V oi s i n , L Ap ol l i n a r i s me, 19 0 1 ; Li et zma n n , Ap ol li n a r i s
’
LI TE RAT U RE —
von L a odi cea u n d s ei n e S ch u l e, 19 0 4 ; B e l l , A mp h i l och i u s von I h on i um i n
s ei n em Verh al tn i s zu d en grossen K ap p a d ozi er n , 1 90 4 ; S we t e, art i cl e

'
“ “
i n D i et Ch r B i og ; H a rn a ck , a r t i cl e
”
Th eod orus , An ti ochi en i s ch e
h f
. . .
B ri g t H i story of th e Ch u rch 3 153—415 ; Loo s, a rt i cl es

”
S ch ul e, RE i . . ,
“ “ ”
on Nes t or i us , R E x i i i , a n d E u t ych es ,
. RE v ; Ra i ny , A n ci en t
. . .
”
Ca th ol i c Ch u rch, 190 2 Kruge r , a r t i cl e Cyr i l ] v on Al ex an d ri en , RE i v
f
. .
Loo s, L eon ti u s von B yza n ti u m , 18 8 7 ; K ruger, M on op h y s i ti sch e S trei ti g

k ei ten , 18 8 4 ; Curti s, H i st ory o f Creed s, 1 9 11 H e fel e, Con ci l i en
gesch i ch te, i i i .
AP OLLI N ARI S 19 7
to xcl ud th A i t t th t Ch ist h d hum

e e e r an en e a r a a an
b dy but
o hum s ul E d i f C st ti pl
no an o . u ox u s o on an no e
h d put t h A i
a vi w u mbigu usly i t h c d k w
e r an e na o n e ree no n
by his m H t k hum s ul but b c m fl sh

na e :
“
e oo no an o , e a e e .
Two tu s th w t but i st d f t h s ul
na re er e ere no ,
n ea o e o
G d i fl sh t h wh l c mp sit tu ”
w as o n e ,
N t e o e on e o o e na re .
1
o
e v Ath sius h d g ppl d with t h i t i p bl ms

en an a a ra e e n er or ro e
O f t h th eth pic Lif H w ccust m d t sp k f

ea n ro e. e as a o e o ea o
th L g se h vi g ssum d hum b dy simply fl sh

o o as a n a e a an o , or e
an d whil t h S vi u w ef him t l st i his li

e a o r as or —a ea n ea r er
ph s a e— i dividu l m h f qu tly p t s with

an n a an, e re en o era e
th c c pti fl sh imp s l v stu

“
e on edg ti g on e as no n an er on a e re
or i st um t t which it w
n r en tu l t f t h
, o as na ra o r e er e
ph m en o f su ff i g p g ss
ena o d x l t ti But h er n , ro r e ,
an e a a on . e
ne v w k d t cl vi w A xt di y v i ty
er or e ou a ear e . n e ra or n ar ar e
f pi i p v il d t th l ti f Ch is t s m h d ’
o o n on re a e as o e re a on O r an oo
to o ru s H ck p i ts t th t d c t ism f fi
. arn a o n ou a o e , o a n e r or
c s sh d w lm st u iv s l F w sc ib d t
oa r er a e, as a o n er a . e a r e o
Ch ist g ui ly hu m s ul d by m y His fl sh
r a en ne an o ,
an an e
w as c c iv d h v ly i ch ct
on e e t smut d
as ea en n ara er, as a ra n e
f m f th L g s simply
or o e g m t N o o i ,
or as a ar en .
“
o on e n
th E st
e lly th ugh t f t w
a r ea tu s O t l o o o na re . ne e erna
Divi hu m n e- tu Divi hum an t th t h

na r e , on e n e- an n a ur e a as
c m t b Divi
o e o tu t mpo ily ch g d i t th
e, a ne na re e ra r an e n o e
hu m Di i
an , a tu i h biti g th hum
v ne cl d i na re n a n e a n or a n
a v il f h m ity th s w t h d mi ti g id s
e o u an fi —
e e er e e o na n ea .
” 1
If th Chu ch w t p o ou c
e r th c cti b tw
as o r n n e on e on n e on e een
th Divi
e d hum ine Ch ist h h d fi st to cl
an an n r ,
s e a r ea r
u
p h mi d t t h sig ific c f His hum ity
er n as o e n an e o an .
A p lli is f L dic ( di d b ut 3 9 0 ) w th fi st
o nar o ao ea e a o as e r
to is t h qu sti i
ra e cut f m A th l gi
e e on n an a e or . eo o an
o f th fi st k h t th p bl ms t which ft
e r ra n , e se e ro e a a er
c tu i s l b u d His d m i ti g i m w t s cu
en r e a o re . o na n a as o e re
th e c mpl t u ity f Ch ist s p s wi thout s c ifici g

o e e n o r
’
er on a r n
His l d ity
rea p s ti g Him with P ul f
e ,
or re r e en n ,
a o
S m a t os a aP h ti m d dp w é d
or o But n us , as a er e v n os
’
v eoe .
h e c sid d t h A i s w
on ere ight i bj cti g to e r an e re r n o e n
H h §
1
G a n, 19 1 .
1
r u n d r i ss , 1 91 .
t he cu
t d ct i th t it p dic t d f Ch ist t w
rre n o r ne a re a e o r o
p s liti s ; t qu t his w ds if p f ct G d w
er on a e o o e or ,
“
er e o er e
j i d t p f ct m th y w uld b t w
o ne o er e S an , e o e o— on e , on
f G d by tu by d pti ”
o o na re , A m on e a o on an
G d is
o lly u thi k bl
rea c t u W must
as n n a e as a en a r . e
a ppl y t h fu d m t l xi m of l gic th t t w p f ct
e n a en a a o o a o er e
en titi s c t b c m
e an n oB sid s h ow w sc ib e o e on e . e e , ca n e a r e
f d m of will t th m J s u s with ut such isks

ree o o e an e ,
o r
as f ith da t cc pt ? Wh c mpl t m h d is
a re no a e ere o e e an oo ,
th is i F th s
ere s n s s Ap l li is w blig d
. or e e r ea on o na r as o e
t o d y th en ti ty f Ch ist s hum
e en ture At o r
’
an na re .
fi st h h ld th t t h L g h d t k m ly hum
r e e a e o os , a a en ere a an
b dy ; l t i
o d f siv st t m t f his p sit i h
a e r, n a e en e a e en o o on , e
d v l p d th vi w sti g
e e o e e t ich t mic pysch l gy
e —
re n on a r o o o o
( cf 1
. Th 5 ) th t t h b dy d s ul i Ch ist w
3 — a e o an o n r e re
h u m wh s th pl c f t h h u m spi it w t k
an , e rea e a e o e an r as a en
by t h L g s T hus h tt i d his sup m bj ct ; t h

e o o . e a a ne re e o e e
hum spi it s u c d s t of mut bility is pl c d

an r , o r e an ea a ,
re a e
by t h immut bl Divi W d Th d g is m v d
e a e ne or . e an er re o e ,
no t by cu t ili g t h D ivir a tu which w uld b

n e ne na r e, o e
h sy b u t by l i g t th t l m t i m s b i g
ere , ea v n ou a e e en n an
’
e n
which m s p il us f llibility A ean a fu th d

er o a . s a r er a
v t g t h f t l d fici ci s f A i ism
an a e, e a a vt d e en e o r an are e oe ,
f or th L g s c t mpl t d i this sch m is

e o o on e m a e n e e no ere
c tu b t t lly d i h tly
r ea re , u e ern awith G d an n er en on e o .
Th s difficulti s su m u t d Ap lli is w bl t
e e e r o n e ,
o n ar as a e o
d sc ib th L g s d th b idg d h u m
e r e e o o tu an e a r e an na re as
h vi g b f s d i
a n eensi gl tu u e si gl ss c
n
“
a n e na re,
”
a n e e en e .
”
I st d f tw tu s which i m ply t w s lf c sci us

n ea o o na re ,
o e - on o
an d s lf d t mi i g subj cts wh t xists is

e - e er n n ss ti l e ,
a e an e en a
u i fGd dm
n on o Th is but i c t tu
o an an . er e on e n arn a e n a re
f G d t h W d ( ut
'
o o qt
e w 3 9or3 N i y p w é
u n )
a v vo 7 0 1 601 f ov 0 ea a
'
x v v .
1
Ap lli o is t k this lit lly

n ar oo t ffi m ct u l so e ra as o a r an a a
d i fi ti
e caf t h fl sh f Ch ist thus fu ishi g
on o e e s d o r ,
rn n a r ea on e
b sis f t h physic l d ct i f d mpti cu t i

a or e a o r ne O re e on rr en n
th e G k th l gy His fl sh w
re e eo o d m k s us .
“
e , e r ea ,
“
a e
a liv th ugh t h D ity w b c m

e ro ss c with it f
e e no e o e on e e en e ,
or
1
F ra gm 8 1 . .
1
A d I ovi a n 1 . . H a hn , 19 5 .
b i gs out th cl s l ti ship f th Divi

r n e d th o e re a on o e ne an e
h um f ly l t d thi gs
an , or on b substitut d f ch re a e n ca n e e or ea
o th ; but this fu ish s

er c mp s ti f so g v rn e no o en a on or ra e
mi i Ag i is p i m ily ff i f m s ’
an e i
ss on . a n, s n r ar an a a r o an
spi itu l b i g ; it is t h pi it th t is c upt d misguid d

r a e n e S r a orr e , e ,
e st g d f m G d h c th s lv ti w qui must
ra n e ro o : en e e a a on e re re
“
b ppli d t d t k p ss ssi f th t f c l p i t f
e a e o an a e o e on o a o a o n o
hum lif d this cc di g t th th y f Ap lli is

an e, an , a or n o e e or o o n ar ,
is p cis ly wh t c t b A G g y f N i
re e a an n o e . s re or o a z a n z us
put it t s ly th t which is u ssum d is u h l d

er e :
“
a na e n ea e
"
( 6 d
y p d d
p hn d fl pd ) Th v y p t of
n n r o v, e er ar
'
7 f o e n e v r ov .
m i which i
an n sid s g i s thi g f m th d m ptiv s n re e a n no n ro e re e e
p w s f Ch ist d c s qu tly falls h t f t l lif

o er O r , an on e en S or o e ern a e .
A d y t g i
n wi g v y much t his
e a a n, o f c t g i s n er o u se o a e or e
which mo physic l
a re m t ph ysic l th thic l re a or e a a an e a ;
Ap lli o is t ds t d fi G d d m
n ar enbs lut o e ne o an an as a o e
c t i s which c t
on rar e y t ms b t uly an n o on an er e r on e .
G d is imm u t bl
o m is mut bl ; G d is ss ti lly a e, an a e o e en a
s lf m vi g m is wh lly p ssiv ; f m which it

e - o n , an o a e ro
O bvi usly f ll ws th t livi g u ity f th t w is i

o o o a a n n o e o n
c c iv bl W h v t ch s b tw
on e a e . hum d e a e o oo e e een a an a n a
Divi pi it i Ch ist Th subli m th ught th t Ch ist

ne S r n r . e e o a r
is p f ct i His hu m i ty just b c us f t h p s l
er e n an e a e o e er on a
i dw lli g f G d d th by b c m s th H d f
n e n o o , an e re e o e e ea O a
ne w d m d c h c mpl t ly f ll
re ee t e f ightra e, as o e e a en ou o S .
N v th l ss i spit
e er f t h s g v d f cts which p p
e e ,
n d e o e e ra e e e ,
re a re
th w y f
e M a physitism Ap lli is quick d th
or on o ,
o n ar en e e
mi d f th Chu ch d f c d
n o i t st i vit l
e r an or e an n ere n a
qu sti s I p ticul h m d it c ss y f th s
e on . n ar a r, e a e ne e ar or o e
wh j ct d his c clusi s t d m it i t th i Vi w f
o re e e on on o a n o e r e o
Ch ist r l b li f i His spi itu l xp i c

a r ea m e e n r a e e r en e as an,
liv d t t u d u tu l sup tu lly gu d d

e ou no n er nna ra or ern a ra ar e
c d iti s but u d st ictly h u m c ditio s f g wth

on on , n er r an on n o ro ,
til dp d c
r a , ed f dmen It w l ss th
en e , an ree o .
” 1
as a e on e
Ch u ch t k c tu i s t l
r oo en r e o e arn .
Th t sk f c mb ti g t h Ap lli
e a i p siti s f ll
o o a n e o n ar a n o on e
chi fly t th t w G g i s wh w th ms lv s p h ps
e o e o re or e , o e re e e e er a
1
Dyk es, i n E xp os Ti mes f or Nov 19 0 5 , 5 6
. . .
RE F U TATI ON OF A P OLL I NA RI S 20 1
t oo n ear h sy t st ik t it wi t h ff ct G g y
th e e re o r e a e e . re or
o f N i ightly fi ds th t th d th f Ch ist is
a z a n z us r n a e ea o r an
t m t ly it is t h d th f O wh is t u m
a on e en on as e ea O ne o r e an
as w ll G d d w h v l dy s h w u i gly h
e as o ,
an e a e a rea ee n o n err n e
l id his fi g
a th c t l w k ss f t h v l th y
n er on e en ra ea ne o e no e eor .
F or b th thi k s h w v t h subj ct E g i Ch ist

o n er ,
o e er , e e or o n r
w as th L g s His hum
e tu b i g
o o m th
,
an na re e n no ore an
t h sph
e i which d ifi t i
ere sh uld t k pl c G g y
n e ca on o a e a e . re or
o f Nyss c m p s t h l ti f th Divi
a o d hum
are e re a on o e ne an an
t th t b tw
o a d p of vi g
e d th
een a i which ro n e ar a n e s ea n
it is sw llow d p d ffi m s th t v Ch ist s b dy
a e u ,
1
an a r a e en r
’
o
i which H suff
n d b c m id tic l b c us c mmi gl d
e er e e a e en a , e a e o n e ,
with th Divi tu th t ssu m d i t M s w k ss

e n e na re a a e .
1
an
’
ea ne
an d mut bility dis pp a i t h lif f G d Al g wit h a ear n e e o o . on
this it is t u w t st g ss ti f t h t w tu s
,
r e, en a r on a er on o e o na re .
It w t h m h d th t w pt t t h g v f L z us
as e an oo a e a e ra e o a ar ,
t h G dh d th t
e o is d him up But th s t w tu s
ea a ra e . e e o na re
mutu lly i t p t t
a d G g y
n er f Ny th w
e n e ra e, an re or o s sa re
ou t th v lu bl id th t i Ch ist s p s w
e a a e ea a n r
’
er on e s ee
a g wi g u ity i
ro n which t h hum ity c m s fully t
n ,
n e an o e o
p t k f t h qu liti s f G dh d ly ft th p ssi
ar a e o e a e o o ea on a er e a on
an d th su cti e re Thus h w bl t m k
rre m on .
3
e as a e o a e r oo
f
or t h hum e lif f J sus an e O e .
I 38 1
n t th C u cil f C st ti pl Ap l li
,
a e o n o on an no e, o n
i is m w xplicitly c d m d ; but ith i th

ar a n as e on e ne ne er n e
Ch u ch r u t sid w p i d th put t its i flu c

n or o e as a er o en o n en e .
2 . Th e School c iticism f
o An ti och : Nestori us — . I f th e r
of t h C pp d ci e thi k sacc si lly l ck d f c it

a o an n er o a on a a e or e ,
w as t nowith t h th l gi s f A ti ch D i d
so e eo o an o n o . o or us ,
f u d f th x g tic l sch l f A ti ch h d h d
o n er o e e e e a oo o n o , a a
as hi m st f m us pupil Th d
s o f M p ti a( di d o eo ore o o su es a e
Th d c m t t h p bl ms f Ch ist l gy
eo or e a e o e ro e o r o o
with mi d p cc pi d wi t h th ughts f t h i m mut

a n reo u e o o e a
b ili t y f G d t h fo d m f t h will d th
o ,
lity f e ree o o e ,
an e r ea o
J sus hum lif W must g i

e
’
anp i t f vi w f o m e . e a n a o n o e r
1
C f D rasek e, op ci t 1 7 5
. . . .
1
con tr a E un om i u m, c. 3 .
3
Cf B on we t sch , Gr un d r i ss at D C
. . . 89 .
which His thic l c is s e x mpl y f u s

a a reer een as e e ar or o r .
H c en me no b ffi m d th or e l tiv m l
ca n e a r e an a re a e ora
u in on f G dh d o d m h od ; t h S viou s p s
o ea an an o e a r
’
er on
c sists f t w i d p d t tu s ch c mpl t withi

on o o n e en en na re , ea o e e n
its lf but it d i
e , p s lity by m s f
un e n on e er on a ea n o an
e thic l b d ( dqt ) G d is p s t i J sus H

a on a vv et a . o re en n e as e
w as i s i ts p ph ts ly i c mpl t ful ss t
n a n or ro e , on n o e e ne ,
no
subst ti lly b u t by w y of g c f v u (
an a tB a ra e or a o r Ica r
’
e Ox t a v,
’
no t r
ea r i )
’
d i u i which is p f ct d t
’
a i ro a v ,
an n a n on er e e a
th e sc sia Th is
en on ss cc di gly f th
. e re a on en e a or n or e
sp ct te a or, ss f m w ship h u ; b u t t h
a on en e o na e, or , on o r e
u ity ffi m d is imp t d i t t h bj ct by th mi d
n so a r e or e n o e o e e n ,
no t sid t i its ctu l c stituti

re en n Th p ssi f a a on on . e a on , or
i st c d s t t uch t h G dh d Th d c u ld
n an e, oe no o e o ea . eo or e o
e v sp k f t w hyp st s s
en ea o p so s u it d ito
“
o a e ,
”
or er n ,
n e as
w by m l l gu
ere a or a ea e .
This m d f i t p t ti b y d l l d ubt h ld
o e o n er re a on , e on a o , e
withi it l m ts f v lu T it t h Ch u c h w d
n e e en o a e . o e r o e a
vivid lis ti f th
r ea thly c
a on f J sus with
o e ea r ar eer o e ,
a l l its ich ss f thic l xp i c

r ne d th t h um
o e a e er en e, an a an
i dividu lity f l if which m s m u ch f u s t d y

n a O e ean so or o a .
P b bly Dyk s h p t it Th d s b st “
“ ’
ro a , as e as u ,
eo ore e
c t ibu t i t th subj ct l y i his i sist c th t

on r on o e e a n n en e a
th d v l pm t f
e e e o L d i k wl dg d vi t u
en o ou r or n no e e an r e
c uld b
o O -
pe but g ui hum p g ss
no
’
ea r ov , a en ne an ro re
c u lmi ti g i g ui hum vi rtu ; d th t this

na n n en ne an e an a
hum lif d ch ct with its f s lf d t mi ti

an e an a ra er , re e e -
e er na on
an d m l vict i s w ss ti l t His w k f d mp
ora or e , as e en a o or o re e
ti on . A d y t th
” 1
w n t li t tl i t h tio l
e er e as no a e n e ra na
sup t lism f A ti ch t w k t h misgivi gs

ern a ura o n o o a a en e n
o f f ith a Whil Th d. hims lf fulmi t d g i st

e eo ore e na e a a n
P ul of S m
a t g l
a di b l i
osa a m y th s as an a n e us a o , an o er
b li v d th t li s of c cti c uld sily b t c d

e e e a ne on n e on o ea e ra e
f m S m t to A ti ch d th t t h dv t g s f
ro a osa a n o ,
an a e a an a e o
c sist cy d cl
on en ss w an ti ly th sid
ea rn e ere en re on e e
o f th ld w it
e o Th od er d his g up it g s
r er . e ore an ro ,
oe
with ut s yi g wo c vi c d dh ts f Nic
a n , ere d on n e a eren o aea , an
1 0p ci t.
. 55 .
20 4 TH E P E RSON OF J ES US CH R I ST
wa s l m h d lik
n ot reaw T u d st d an oo e our o n .
” 1
o n er an
th fi c sist c h m t with w must c sid th t

e er e re an e e e , e on er a
th w d w ss il d h d c m t b
e or no t stim y a a e a o e o e a e on
ag i st th U it i th i s f th d y It g s b ck
a n e n a r an eor e o e a . oe a
at l st t Ath
ea sius d p b bly t O ig
o A d ana an ro a o r en . n
th t N t i dislik f it w
a es or u s t u s i g th ’
e o as no n r ea on n ,
or e
p duct f m
ro g ti is cl f m t h f ct th t h
o ere ne a on , ea r ro e a a e
l t c c d d t h w d p vid d ly it w
a er on e e t h ld t e or ,
ro e on as no e o
m k th V i gi g dd ss
a e e r n a o e .
Bu t i g l h m i d t u t th Ch ist l gic l
n e ne ra e re a ne r e o e r o o a
t diti s f A t i ch G d t h W d is sh pl y dis
ra on O n o . o e or ar
ti g i h d f m th
n u s m eJ sus Th H ly Spi it did
ro e an e . e o r
no t c t th W d but f m d t mpl f Him f m

rea e e or , or e a e e or ro
th eVi gi which H sh uld i h bit F His s k

r n, e o n a . or a e
wh w s I w ship Him th t is w ; f th s k of
o ea r or a orn or e a e
th ehidd O I d Him th t pp s F m Him

en ne a ore a a ear . ro
wh pp s G d is i s p bl f this s I d t
o a ea r o n e a ra e : or re a on o no
s p t t h h ou f Him wh is i s p t I s v
e ara e e on r o o n e ara e . e er
th e tu s but I c mbi t h w ship

na re , Th m o ne e or .
” 1
e an
J sus w
e t d ifi d but H
as w t k i t u iqu
no e e , e as a en n o a n e
p s l c ju cti with th L g s d ft t h su
e r ona on n on e o o , an a er e re r
re cti lift d up t
on sh i His u iv s l p w
e o a are n n er a o er .
L fs h poi t d t th t it w
oo as si f N st ius
n e ou
3
a as ea er or e or
1
Mr B et h un e-B ak er h a s p ubl i sh ed
.
’
a f
bri e work i n w i c h hh e en d ea v ours
to cl ea r Nes t ori us rep ut a t i on f or ort h od ox y ( N es tor i u s a nd h i s Tea ch i n g,

Ca mb ri d ge , He c om es to the c on cl usi on t h at N es t ori u s wa s i n
real i t y
“
Nes t ori a n , s i n ce
no h e d i d n ot ”
ol d t h e
“
h f
bel i e comm on l y
h
a tt ri b ut ed t o h i m t a t i n J es u s Ch ri s t t wo p ers on s , t h e p e rson of a God
a n d t h e p er son of a m a n , were m ec a n i ca l l y oi n ed t o et h e r, on e b ei n
g gh j
h
Son by n a t ure a n d t h e ot er S on by a ssoci a t i on , s o t h a t real ly t ere were h
t wo S on s a n d t wo C ri s t s h
H e i s a s ex p l i ci t as p ossi bl e on t i s p oi n t
.
”
h
An d a ga i n :
“
H e d i d n ot t h i nk of t wo d is t i n c t p ers on s oi n ed j
t oget h er, bu t o f a s i n gl e P ers on wh o combi ned i n Hi ms el t h e t wo d i s t i n ct f
t h i n gs ( s u bsta n ces ), God h e ad a n d m a n h ood , wi t t ei r ch ara ct eri s t i cs
“
h h
( n a tu res ) com pl et e a n d i n t act t h ough u n i t e d i n H i m h e h ad h a d
a l l t rou gh h
t h e weary y ea rs of t h e s t ruggl e
‘
on e on l y e n d i n v i e w— t a t h
h
n o on e s oul d ca l l t h e W or d o f God a cre a t u re, or t h e m a n ood wh i c h h
wa s a ssum e d i n com p l et e I t i s i n d eed a
’
ues t i on wh e t h er q
d ua li s m ca n b e ch a rge d u p on N es t ori us i n a ny sen s e t a t wou l d n ot al so h
h el d a
ga i n s t t h e Cree d of Ch a l ced on
f
.
1
1
Se rm 9 ( Loo s , N estor i a n a ,
. L ei tf ad en , 29 0 .
C Y RI L OF AL E X AND RI A 20 5
th Th do t mph sis th u ity f Ch ist s

an f or eo re o e a e e n o r
’
p s lity b c us lik M c llus f A cy h g ds

er on a ,
e a e, e ar e o n ra , e re ar
th t ms S e L der d v ly b g tt “
on ,
” “
or ,
an e en
“
on - e o en
”
as
t ms p p t b us d f t h I c t th th
er ro er o e e o e n a rn a e, ra er an
G d th W d o M F th y xp ss t h
e or or
“
an . or e e re e
du lity f tu i Him th c t d tu
a o d th
na re n , e rea e na re an e
i c t It is th hist ic Ch ist si gl th ugh dupl x

n rea e . e or r ,
n e o e
i tu th t fo ms his l p i t f d p tu
n na re, a r re a o n o e ar re .
3 Cyr i l
. st ius h d th misf tu
o
f A lexa n dr i a — Ne or a e or ne
t b o pp s d by
e o f th m st p w ful d m st
o e on e o e o o er an o un
symp th tic figu s i Ch u ch hist y Cy il ( 3 7 6 4 4 4 )

a e re n r or . r —
h d b a bish p f Al x d i si c 4 1 2 A m st f
een o o e an r a n e . a er o
dipl m tic i t igu u sc upul s i h i m th ds mbitious

o a n r e, n r ou n s e o ,
a ,
p ud d vi l t h w
ro ,
an v th l ss ll y g t
o en , e as ne er e e a r ea rea
divi d t this d y h
n e, an pl c f sp ci l h u
o a as a a e o e a on o r
a m g th t ch s f th G k Chu ch
on e ea er o e r ee r .
Th Ch ist l gy f Cy il i its ss ti l f tu s is
e r o o o r n e en a ea re
a co ti u ti nf th n th y h ld by Ath sius d
a on o e eor e an a an
G g y f N i
re or Lik th m h chi fly i m d t
o a z an zu s . e e , e e a e a
supplyi g th tic l b sis f th physic l th y f

n a e ore a a or e a eor o
re d mpti e cc di g to which hu m ity is imbu d

on , a or n an e or
s tu t d with d ity th gh t h i c ti ; d th
a ra e e r ou e n arn a on an e
milit t pp siti which this i v lv d to th th l gi s

an O o on n o e e eo o an
o f A ti ch wh nd i d th
o l u i
, f th tu s
o en e e re a n on o e na re
i Ch ist w
n th rp d m i t i flu c i his d ct i l
,
as e re o n an n en e n o r na
a ctiviti s St ti g f m t h t l b i g f th L gO
e . ar n ro e e ern a e n o e o s,
as a hyp st tic disti cti i th T i ity h t ch s th t

o a n on n e r n , e ea e a
H t
e ly ssum d but b c m fl sh d f m d th
no on a e e a e e ,
an or e e
p s l subj ct i th G d m
er on a Ch ist b it t d
e n e o -
an .
1
r ,
e no e ,
w t
as n oi dividu l m O th c t
an y th W d
n a an . n e on ra r , e or ,
O w l
1 m k h C il
t tl ey el w re ar s t at
yr gi ves no con s i s t en t an s er t o th e
q wh “ ”
i m
u e s t i on b at s A ea n t y t he u n i ty of t h e D i v i n e p ers on t on e .
tim it a p p ear s a s a n d h or igi n a l u n i t , b ei n c on s t i t u t e by t h e on e u n c a n ge

e y g
ab L le mogos f “
wh ow H w re f a nsi ev en a t e r t h e I n ca r n a t i on ha t e as be ore
it
”
m m So h dC et i es , on C the ot h er an
y ri l s p ea k s o f t h e p ers on of h ri s t as
f m
.
,
w
i f it e re a m m
r es u l ta n t u n i t y ,w i s su i n g ro th e a al a
g a t i on of the t o
n a t u res f m p
. f w m
B ut t h e yp ( f
or er oi n t o vi e is ore t i cal . D octr i n e o th e
I n ca r n a ti on , v ol . ii .
h vi g p ss d i t hum
a n a tu e c stitut d by ti l
n o an n a re , a s on e ra on a
s l d b dy which w
ou an o H i s ul — d b dy i dis no a re s o an o n
s ci bly y t m i s th
o a — i divisibl subj ct H w
e re a n e on e n e e e as
p i t i c ti
r or o Th t wn ar n atu s i w y on . e o na re ar e n no a con
f s d mi gl d th fl sh is fl sh d t d ity v if
u e Or n e e e e an no e , e en
it h b c m fl sh f G d but th i u i h p duc d
as e o e e o o — e r n on as ro e
a p m t ss ti l st t
er an en f ct ; it is é w e en a a e or a a
’
u o te xa r
’
j M h d
’
d i d
’
o a a v i Ka ,é w xa
gb m a v o ts
'
vo t
'
. an oo
h as b t k up i t ct i t t h u ity f t h Divi
ee n a en n a n o e n o e ne
ess c But w m y sp k f c t i i t ch g f
en e . e a ea o a er a n n er an e o
th p op ti s i this s s th t t h p s b i g
e r er e ,
n en e a e er on e n on e ,
a l l qu li t i s f ith
a tu e b p dic t d f t h
o e er na re can e re a e o e on e
Ch ist Thus f x mpl t h L g s is visibl d t gibl

r .
,
or e a e, e o o e an an e,
an d t h suff i g is t h su ff i g f G d
e er n Th tu s e er n o o . e na re a re
disti t y t wh w
nc , th m m st t uly w
e en th m i e s ee e o r e see e n
a myst i usly i tim t c h si ll th t p p ly i h s

er o n a e o e on , a a ro er n ere
i th
n p ssi g v t d b c mi g th p ss ssi f
e on e a n o er o, a n e o n e o e on o ,
th e th o Th er d ubt cc si l i fid li t i t
. ere a re no o o a on a n e es o
this p i t f vi w wh Cy il d cl s th L g s t b
o n o e , as en r e a re e o o o e
as littl ff ct d by su ff i g fi i gl wi g st l by
e a e e er n as re n o n ee
th esmi t h s h mm st k s d pl c s t h c d d
’
a erro e ,
an re a e e re or e
lim it ti s f a L d s k wl dg by wh t is lly
on o our or
’
no e e a rea a
p ud ti l ff ct ti f ig
r en a c a e a on O n or an e .
A f v u it m d a f xp ssi with Cy il is th
o r e o e o e re on r e
ph s th t Ch ist is
ra e t
a f tw tu s ( 8 5
r on e ou o o na re
” ’
ex 10
ct é w
oe
-
i ) Iv th w
s s ds b f . t h i c tin ot w er or , e ore e n a rn a on o
na tu s xist d th ft
re e ly t h eDivi hum
,
er ea er on e on e n e- an
na tu f t h L d I d d w c u t
re o e c gi or . n ee , e en o n er on e a a n
th ld Ap lli i f mul
e O er i c t tu f
o n a r an or a,
“
on e n a rn a e na re o
G d th W d which Cy il m ist k ly b li v d t b ”
o e or , r a en e e e o e
Ath si
ana Th ph s is an . pit m f his p l mic e ra e an e o e o o e
a g i st N st ius Th L g s h d t u it d with H im
a n e or . e o o a no n e
s lf t h p s i m ; H h d b c m fl sh d th
e e er on o an e a e o e e ,
an e
V i gi h d b
r n th i c t W d cc di g t t h
a orn e e n a rn a e or
“
a or n o e
fl sh A s ul d b dy
e .
”
s i us o G dh d d an o a re on e n ,
so o ea an
m h d w m d th
an oo Ch ist H c th N t i
ere a e e on e r . en e e e s or a n
a ss ti f mer on c ju c t io c t ct is t b
a ere
“
on n on or
“
on a o e
utt ly j ct d ; thi g but hyp st tic u i will s v

er re e e no n a o a n on er e .
20 8 THE P E RS ON OF J E S Us CH RI ST
Ch ist lif might p t up t h c wh os w H d

’
"
r - e o er a e on e ra e e ne ea
H is c m e t b Th t is t l l v ts th ghly ”
1
e o o e . a a a e en a orou
symp th tic v dict its d p st m tiv d i t xpl i s

a e er on ee e o e, an e a n
much i Cy il s vi w f t h
e ve n mm i ti i di m t m
n r
’
e o e co u n ca o o a u ,
or i t ch g f qu liti s b tw
n er than tu s which
e o a e e ee n e na re ,
w l t t b com f til i
as a er m y difyi g
o e e er e n so an un e n
a r t ifi ci a l i t i es .
H ck s ys u dly th t Cy il s th y is p u b u t
a rn a a ro n a r
’
eor re
u i t tio l M physi tism L fs with m p ud c

n n en na on o . oo ,
or e r en e,
re m ks th t th qu sti wh t h t h Ch ist l gy is t
ar a e e on e er e r o o o
b e c ll d M physit is ft ll m tt f w ds
a e on o e a er a a a er o or .
Th w m y M physit s wh th ught just h

ere ere an on o e o o as e
did But if w s v t h
. m f th i w th t
e re er e e na e or e v e a
Ch ist s h um ity w
r
’
is d b v hum ity v b f
an as ra e a o e an e en e ore
th e su cti re d th t t h
rre ni p l f Ch ist
on , a n w s a e ce ( i o ts
:
o r a ,
so t sp k t h sult by m ixtu
o ea , dditi e f th
re — re or a on — O e
’
é w
v Cy il must b cqui t t d f t h ch g
o t s, r e a e o e ar e .
”
1
F m his p i t f vi w Cy il tu lly tt ck d
ro o n o e r na ra a a e
N st ius with v h m c
e or d th y h u rl d th m s t e e en e, a n e e ana e a a
ea ch th r Cy il x t d ll his p w s t b i g t
o e . r e er e a o er o r n ou
th i e ligi us c s q nc es f N s t i is m H w c uld
rre o on e ue o e or a n . o o
t h s ff i gs f
e u m s v us ; d i th E uch ist w
er n O a an a e an n e ar as
it m th h m fl h th t w c iv d ? R th
no ore an u an
'
es a e re e e a er
a t v y p i t m h d is bl d d with G dh d By
e er o n an oo en e o ea .
thus i sisti g n i c t tu Cy il w
n on
“
on e n ar n a e na re r as un
qu s t i bly f i t hful t th i sti ct f G k Ch isti ity

e on a a o e n n o re e r an .
E re l g h succ d d i g i i g t h dh si f C l sti
on e ee e n a n n e a e on o e e ne
O f R m o Th eW st lik by t diti d e e ,
a e ra on an
t mp m t ccupi d middle p siti b tw A tioch

e era en , o e a o on e ee n n
an d Al x d i but h vi g b
e an l g ccust m d t
r a, , a n ee n on a o e o
ph s s lik d
ra e t d ifi
e t iteus w l tt n a u s, eus cr ue x us es , no ea n o
Cy il s mph sis t h u ity f t h R d m s p s

r
’
e a on e n o e e ee er
’
er on .
N thi g w uld s v
o but t h m ti g f
n o th er e e ee n o ano er
C u cil It w h ld t E ph sus i 4 3 1 d t k s k
o n . as e a e n , an a e ra n
as th thi d E cum ic l C cil of t h Chu ch S ffi c

e r en a oun e r . u e
it t y t h t t h Cy illi s fi s t d p s d N t
o sa a e bf r an r e o e es ori u s e ore
th eg i l of his f i ds t which th y pli d by d posi g

rr va r en , o e re e e n
1 Dy kes, u t s up r a , 57 .
1
L ei tf a d en , 29 3 f;
TH E E U T YC H I AN CONT ROV E RS Y 20 9
Cy il d M m
r an f E ph su s Th E m p o c nfi m d
e n on o e . e er r o r e
b th s t c s but th t
o e n en Cy il w s e v s d By
,
a on r as oon re er e .
4 3 3 c u t i flu oc h d d iv b th p ti s i t utw d
r n en e a r en o ar e n o o ar
h m y d Cy il cc pt d c d d w up i g t
ar on ,
an r a e e a r ee ra n n rea
p t by Th d t f Cy us wh s N t i symp thi s
ar eo ore o r —
o e es or a n a e
w st g whil N st ius w d pp d by his old

ere ron — e e or as ro e
supp t s Th t ms f this c d p v d th w y f
or er . e er o ree a e e a or
Ch lc d but its xc ssiv ly mbigu us t

a e on , h l d e e e a o en or as e
H ck t sp k of it t h s dd st d m st m m tous
arn a o ea as
“
e a e an o o en
e v t i t h hist y f d gm si c th
en n e d m ti f or o o a n e e con e a on o
P ul f S m It d cl d th t Ch ist w ” 1 “
a to a osa a . e ar e a r as con
subst ti l with us i His hu m ity f th h b

an a n an , or er e as een
a u i f tw tu s ; wh f w co f ss
n on o o Ch ist na re e re ore e n e on e r ,
L d N thi g w d cid d t wh th ” 1
on e S on , on e or . o n as e e as o e er
two tu s xis t d i Ch ist f t th i c ti

na re e But e n r a er e n arn a on .
L fs s ys t uly th t th
oo a gm ti r w y mitig t d a e arran e en n no a a e
t h diff
e c s b tw Cy il d N st ius t h qu sti
e re n e e een r an e or on e e on
wh th Ch ist w
e er w t i dividu l m
r F a s , or as no , an n a an . or
Cy il it w
r ,
t th p s f m th t th L g s h d
as n o e e r on o a an a e o o a
a ssum d but m i t h qu liti s d tt ibut s f

e ,
an , s e a e an a r e o
hum tu
an n a This sh d wy bst ct ss f c c pti
re . a o a ra ne o on e on
w ly t c t i t l d m w y f m th h ist ic
a s on oo er a n o ea en a a ro e or
lif p t y d i t h N w T st m t
e or ra e n e e e a en .
H c f th th st gth of th N sto i s l y i
en e or e re n e e r an a n
P sier Th api u s b b ism of th m ks flu g th m

. e o a r ar e on n e
e v m vi l tly t h sid f Cy il
er ore o en on e e o r .
§ 4 . Cy il s
Th e E u tychi a n Con tr oversy ; Cha lced on — r
’
d th i 4 4 4 s m d t b i g p c wh sudd ly t h
ea n ee e o r n ea e , en en e
fl m s
a f w e sh t up g i Th y w ki dl d by
o ar o a a n . e ere n e
E ty h
u chim d it f C st ti pl
c es , k
ar b t an r e o on an no e, a een u
limit d d ill b l c d tu wh s pi ty g v him

e an - a an e na re , o e e a e
i flu c
n d wh h d b
en e, f Cy il s m st
an d t o a een on e o r
’
o ar en
f ll w s At c u cil i his w city h w ccus d f

o o er . a o n n o n e as a e o
h sy by E us bius f D yl um H h d c t i ly us d
ere e o or ae . e a er a n e
imp ud t ph s s My G d h s id is t f lik
r en ra e . o ,
”
e a ,
“
no o e
e ss c with us t h b dy f G d c uld t b m s
en e e o o o o no e a an
’
f D ogma , i v 19 7 Ha h n ,
1 1
H i s tor y o . . 17 0 .
14
b dy b t o ly lik it ; d f th Oppo ts f th
o , u n e an so or . n en o e
Cy illi th l gy t c xcl im d th t E t y h w
r an eo o a on e e a e a u c es as
on ly blu ti g t wh t Cy il h d h ld s c tly I 4 4 8
r n ou a r a e e re . n
a sy od h ld t C st ti pl u d t h p sid cy
n e a on an no e, n er e re en
of his bish p Fl vi m c d m d t h o ld m, th a a ,
on e ne e o an on e
ch g of d yi g t h c subst ti lity of Ch ist s hum

ar e en n e on an a r
’
an
na tu with ou s I th ci cumst c s E ty h d w
re r . n e r an e ,
u c es re
b ck up th Ch ist l gic l p siti s f his old

a on e r o o a o on o
l d
ea d
er, xp ss d his w vi w th u s I c f ss
an e re e o n e :
“
on e
ou r Lo d to h v b c m r t f tw tu s b fa e e o e ou o o na re e ore
th u i
e B u t I co f ss
n on . tu ft th u i n e on e na re a er e n on .
”
But h fu s d to c c d t h thod x b li f th t t w
e re e on e e e or o e e a o
na tu s xist d i Ch ist ft t h i c tio h d t k

re e e n r a er e n a rn a n a a en
pl c H f u d p w ful dv c t i D i
a e . e o n f a o er a o a e n oscur us o
Al x d ie an mbiti us d c s g i d ccl si stic wh

r a, an a o an oa r e- ra n e e e a o
f lt th t t h ch mpi ship f E ty h might h lp him t

e a e a on o u c es e o
a ki d f p p cy i th E st O t h th h d h w
n O a a n e a . n e o er an , e as
o pp s d t m ly by Fl vi but by L of Rom wh
o e no ere a an eo e, o
h d ch s
a his sid with s m h sit ti
o en At this p i t e o e e a on . o n
th Emp
e with wh m Fl vi w
e ror, f v u it m o a an as no a o r e, co
m d d him t h d i
an e c f ssi f f ith justifyi g his
o an n a on e on o a n
e vil pi i f E ty h
O n onTh d cum t h p po d is u c es . e o en e re are
of g t i t st rea ticip tin ere f th F mul f , as an an a on o e or a o
Ch lc da It p v d th t m w b gi i g t m k
e on .
1
ro e a en ere e nn n o a e
disti ctio s b tw
n tu n d hyp st sis
e th
ee n
“
na re
”
an o a ,
”
on e
b sis f which c cili ti might b h p d f b tw

a o a re on a on e o e or e een
Al x d ie an d A ti ch r a an n o .
Di h w v w
oscu ru s , t to b st i d d o e e r, as no e re ra n e , an ,
h vi g p su d d Th d sius to summ
a n er a w co u cil
e eo o on a ne n
a t E ph sus ( 4 4 9 k e w lt th R bb Sy d ) h ,
no n a er as e o er no , e
p sid d v it d f c d th ugh b th
re e o er h bilit ti
,
an or e ro o a re a a on
o f E ty h u d c d m ti
c es d d p siti
an f th a on e na on an e o on o e
A tioch n l d s Th R m d puti s w
en e ea fus d
er . e o an e e e re re e
a h i g U d c v of
ear n . pp l t s luti f
n er o er an a ea o a re o on o
th C u cil f E ph sus i 4 3 1 f biddi g th dditi

e o n o e n ,
or n e a on
o f w c
a ne d t th t f Nic t h U i Symb l of 4 3 3
re e o a o aea , e n on o
w as s u mm ily put sid A th m s w p u c d

ar a e . na e a ere r on o n e
1
H a h n, 223 .
G k divi s i subtl
r ee l b t sp c l tiv th i s
ne n e or e a ora e e u a e eor e .
O t h wh l L
n cms g d d l
e t t h vi w
o e, eo o e a oo ea n ea re r o e e
o f A ti ch th nf Al d i Still it is imp ssibl t

o an o ex a n r a . o e o
cl im him f ith
a Th is di ct fut ti f or e er . ere no re re a on o
N st ius e ly f E ty h
or ,
on o u c es .
Th d sius di d i July 4 5 0 d i 4 5 1 his succ sso

eo o e n , an n e r
M ci c v d t h sy d L h d sk d f
ar an on t en e e no eo a a e or , no ,
h w v t R m but t Ch lc d
o e er, a It w t h f u th o e, a a e on . as e o r
E c u m ic l C u cil f t hen Chu ch Ab ut i hu d d

a o n o e r . o s x n re
bish ps c m d f m t h fi st t h guid c f v ts l y
o a e, a n ro e r e an e o e en a
i th
n h ds f th W st d puti s L s E pistl w
e an o e e ern e e .
’
eo
’
e as
c g is d t h
re o m f th d xy ; Di
n e d p s d;
as e n or o or o o oscu ru s e o e
N t i i m d E utychi is m c d m d
es or a n s Sh uts w an an on e ne . o e re
h d f m th ss mbly W l l b li v
ea r ro L d s e a e :
“
e a e e e as eo oe .
Th i vi l bility f t h c
e n ds f Ni o ad E ph sus w o e ree o caea a n e as
rea ffi m d d th r ft t h C u cil t f th t h
e ,
an erea er e o n se or e
f ll wi g d fi iti
o o n e n on :
c I A t I I eI 9
E rronev O t T O LV U V a r/
yt oes 7 ra 7
p a o
'
w e va K a t 7 0 V a v 7 ou
I A I
Xp t O T OV
Q C 3
- A
I
A
ouoh o
y e t v v t ov 7 ou n v
p t ov 17q na ov a
'
ov bwv ws
ug
Q, I I I
a n a l/ r es e t Sa o /couev , r eh et ov TO V
‘
a ur o u eV 9 6 0 7 77 7 1 . Ka t
I I
ep wn or nr t 0 GOD a h ndwe
A
r e h e i ov 7 ou
A
'
a ur ov [ca t ev a v ,
3!
’A I A
a v d wn o v a h né ws
9 j
p tc i
n a K
‘
7 0 1) a v r ov e rv a y e/ens Ka t ,
C 1 I
a é onoo zfio t o v 7 3 n ar i lea/ rd C fea t
ua m e 9 , p 7 771} eor nr a .
c I ’
ouoov a t ov 7 o u a i r ro v fi t t v x a r a 7 V é v d wn or r
a
/ T 7 fl a
p
I I I I
Sv o (pv o eo t v d o v y xv r we d r p evrr wc d dt a t p e fl o s d xwp i o 7 wc
A
‘
, , ,
I A I A I
v p t éO/i ev ov ofiSa /i ov 7 779 7 e m ( pva ewv St a cpop a s fl op p y /t e r m
’ A
«
s
’ I A A
St a 7 771} é v wo t v o wéoue vne 36 na h h ov 7 775 i dt é mr os
’
,
' I I
- I I
erca 7 e
p a q (
t o o ewe fea t 6 5? 3 1) n
p oo wn ov rea l nia v in roo 7 a o t v
.
o v ur
p x é o ns
e o
' ‘
.
1
1 “
h f f T ere ore o we all wi t on e con sen t t ea c
ll owi n g t h e h ol y f
a t h ers h h
m en t o c on fes s on e a n d t h e s a m e Son , our L ord J esus Ch ri st , t h e s am e
p er f i G dh d
ect n o ea a n d t h e s a me
p er ect i n m a n h ood , t rul y God a n d t h e f
sa me t rul y m a n , of a ra t i on a l s ou l an d b od y , cO-essen t i a l wi t h t h e Fa t h er
acc ord i n g t o t h e God h ea d , an d co-es se n t i a l wi t h us a ccor d i n
g t o t h e ma n h ood
t o be a ck n owl ed ge d in t wo n a t ures , wi t h ou t f
c on u si on , wi t h out
mut a t i on , wi t h out d i v i si on , wi t h out s e p a ra t i on ; t h e d i s t i n c t i on o f n a t ures

b ei n g b y no m ea n s t ak en wa y by t h e u n i on ,
a b ut ra t h er t h e prop ert y of
eac h n a t ure b ei n g p re ser v ed a n d con curri n g in on e p erson a nd on e
H ah n ,
”
h y p ost as i s . F or t h e t e x t , s ee 14 6 .
THE C H A L C E DONI AN C RE E D 21 3
m i this w d cu m t pp xi m ti g
.
In th e a n as a o en a ro a n
cl s ly t t h t h l gy f Cy il ; but t h ph s i t w
o e o e eo o o r e ra e
“
n o
na tu s p v s t h t t c i t ic l p i t W s t i flu c s
re
”
ro e a a a r a o n e e rn n en e
h d t iu m ph d f
a r it w st d t h cl us s tisfi d ly
e , or a s no oo e a e a e on
t h A ti ch
e ns d f w f i ds f th U i Sy m b l f
o en e an a e r en o e n on o o
4 33 St ill b th Cy il
. d L , h d b o ck wl d g d r an eo a e en a no e e
as a uth i t tiv Obvi usly th f m s f t h d fi i t i

or a e . o e ra er o e e n on
wish d t e m ch t f mul t
no soth y of Ch ist s u o or a e a eor r
’
p s er on t b t
as xt m st t m ts
o ar ith sid e ou e re e a e en on e er .
H c t h f m us f u dv bs fixi g t h t w t u s l
en e e a o o r a er , n e o na re re a
t i ly t
ve th
o on e a n oll g tiv At t h s m t im er , a r e a ne a e . e a e e
th u ity f t h p s is p sitiv ly mph sis d m y

e n o e er on o e e a e ,
as a
hv b d
a e l dy i th Ath si C d ( which
een on e a re a n e an a an ree
is p h ps li ) er a Ch i tea r f ier b unus r s u s, n on con us on s su
t
s an ti m d
a ru t t p , se I t h l st s t
uni a e er son a e .
1
n e a r e or a
cl ly f lt sot i l gic l i t st is b hi d th c ful

ea r e er o o a n er e e n e a re
ph s s dra e bl s us t i t p t t h wh l
,
an en a e o n er re e o e as a
c mbi ti f t h vit l l m ts which f ith h lw ys

o na on o e a e e en a as a a
i sist d
n e c m bi i g i its vi w f Ch ist t h S vi u
on o n n n e o r e a o r .
Thus t h lity d i t g ity f ch tu f G dh d

e r ea an n e r o ea na re, o o ea
an d f m h d is uph ld ; t h i c
o an ooti h , t issu d e e n a rn a on as no e
i
n a b i g th t is S m h w ith Divi
e n a hum o e o ne er ne n or a n , or
e ith xclusiv ly O t h th h d th th th pic

er e e . n e o er an , e ea n ro
Lif is p s l u ity t s v d i t t w i d p d t
e a er on a n ,
no e ere n o o n e en en
subj cts but hyp st t ic lly

e ,
Thus t h d cisi s f o a a on e . e e on o
Ch lc d m y s bly b vi w d
a e on a g t u tt c
r ea on a e e e as a rea eran e
o f f ith a w f th w
,
a g tu i gs which th y m y
are o e r on rn n eor a
tk
a sily Th y h v b w ll c mp d t bu ys
e s o ea . e a e e en e o ar e o o
an ch d l g di ffi cult stu y t h ight d l f t

ore a on a e ar ,
on e r an e ,
to guid t h ship f t uth Wi t h t h ligi of th

e e o r . e re on e
C d cc di gly w h v
ree ,
a or qu l n , e a e no arr e .
B t with i t th l gy it is th wis
u A D
s h eo o o er e . s or n er as
re m k d it is m
ar e sh t sigh t d ss t im gi th t
, er e or - e ne o a ne a
th eCh ist l gy f th t g which c uld p t wi t h

r o o o a a e, o o era e
id s f G d d m
ea o ly i th f m i which th y w
o an an on n e or n e er e
th cu t t k sh p i d t mi ti s which d
en rr en , oo a e n e er na on n ee no
a m dm t d d m it f
en en ,
A
an th y doct i a o n on e . . s a eor or r n e,
1
Cf B on we ts ch , Gr u nd ri ss, 9 3
. .
214 TH E PE RSON OF J ES S CH RI ST U
th f ere ore,th f m u l f C h lc d is susc ptibl of
e or a o a e on e e
c iticism Thus it m y b p i t d t th t Ch ist l gic l

r . a e o n e ou a r o o a
re al tio s which i ss c
n thic l d p s l h v
, n e e n e, a r e e a an er on a , a e
b een t much xp ss d i t ms imbu d with

oo e re e n er e a
c t i m ch ic l d v m t i l fl v u This is
er a n e an a an e en a er a a o r .
p ticu l ly t u of t h t m
ar ar tu r e which e er
“
na re
is t no thic l w d t ll N w
an e thic l liti s
a or a a . o n on -e a re a e
a dmit f t u u ity ; h c w
o no t su p is d t
r e n en e e a re no r r e o
fi d th t G dh d
n a d m hood oc t mpl t d h
ea an an a re on e a e ere
as b i g i ss c so disp t so u tt ly u l t d
e n n e en e ara e , er n re a e
an d h t g us th t mi cl of sh
e ero en e o m ip t c , a a ra e eer o n o en e
is e d d t u it th m Lov it is t u is b hi d
n e e o n e e . e, r e, e n
th i c ti
e d giv s it its sig ific c
n a rn a on , but t han e n an e, e
m thods by which this lov cc mplish s its pu p s

e e a o e r o e a re
no t su ffi ci tly c c iv d spi itu l wit h t h s ult

en on e e as r a , e re
th t f m th fi st Ch ist s t h u m ity is v sh d w d
a ro e r r
’
r ue an o er a o e ,
if t i d d s iously cu t il d S th t bj cti s
no n ee er r a e . O a O e on
m y b
a is d t t h sult t doct i f m two quit
e ra e o e re an r ne ro e
o pposit p i ts f vi w I th fi st pl c it w k s
e o n o e . n e r a e, a a en
suspici by its du lism by its bl k u li v d i sist

on a ,
an n re e e n
en e c up th t l p ll lism of two
on e tu s t
e ern a a ra e
“
na re
”
se
i
n l ti t ch oth which ft l l is thic lly
a re a on o ea er a er a e a
u m di t d sc c ly l ss
n e a e — th i th th y f ar e e so an n e eor o
N st ius
e orG d d m .y k d t g th o t xhibit d
an a n are o e o e er, n o e e
i
n th si gl ss of p s l lif Th t this w th
e n en e er on a e . a as e
p p d ti g t d cy f Ch lc d i Ch ist l gy is
re on era n en en o a e on a n r o o
p v d by t h Dy physit
ro e d Dy th lit efi di gs f o e an o e e n n o
th e xt th hu d d y s d g i st this t d cy
ne ree n re ea r ,
an a a n en en
M ophysitism ff d
on v lu bl p t st so f by O ere a a a e ro e ,
a r, con
t di g th t l l th t is Divi i Ch ist is hum

en n a a a ne n r an ,
an d l l th t is hum
a Divi N othi g ls
a p s ts an , ne . n e e re re en
th u ity f imp ssi m d by t h hist ic J sus

e n o re on a e e or e .
S c dly t h u ity which Ch lc d

e on , e v th l ss ffi ms
n a e on ne er e e a r
is p u ly m v ll u s
a re m w d ar t h mg
e o on e— a ere on er , a 1n
e xp ssibl i g ui ly pi itu l t ms th hum ity

re e n en ne S r a er , e an so
re duc d to m s lfl ss g
e f th
a Divi W d
ere e e
“
or a n
”
o e ne or
th t it b c m s imp ssibl t thi k this Ch ist th H d

a e o e o e o n r as e ea
o f w
a ne d m d c of m re d Hims lf t h P tt
ee e ra e en an e e a ern
216 P E RSO N or J ES US CH R I S T
TH E
o f N ic t it w o ly by th ff ts f m wh
aea , so oo as n e e or o en o
h d g
a b ck to t h C h ist l gy f Cy il th t p m t
on e a e r o o o r a er a n en
c g iti w g i d f Ch lc d i so f
re o n on as a ne it w or a e on , n ar a s as
g i d t ll
a ne a a .
1
Th w tchw d e f th Ma physit p ty w th
or o e on o e ar as e
Cy illi f m ul p f i m 3 Xdy 9 i}
r an or a, d ( n a y
f
7 0 1 ' ov 60 G eo
St ti g f m t h c c t u ity f t h
ar n ro Divi hum
e on re e n o e n e- an
Ch ist withi which t w

r , tu s n b disc imi t d o na re ca n e r na e
o ly i th y th y c t d d lik th N t i th t
n n eor , e on en e e e e s or a n s a
“
natu d
re p so an q u iv l t t l l v ts
er n
”
a re e a en , or a a e en
c i cid t id s A d si c t h g
on en ea . l ( G dh d m n n e e en er a o ea , an
ho d ) xists ly i th fo m f c c t p so lity
o e on n e r o on re e er na ,
ne v m ly i th bst ct it f ll ws th t to y tw
er ere n e a ra , o o a sa
“
o
na tu s is t t mo u t t s yi g t w p s s th t is t
re
”
an a n o a n o er on ,
”
a ,
o
p u N t i i m Wh t h ff d d t h Chu ch i
re es or a n s . a as o en e e r n
M o ophysitism h
n t b much th s p supp siti s
as n o een so e e re o on ,
fi
i which f om
n p i t of Vi w th is thi g
r on e o n e ere no n
o bj cti bl e th t h d c tism which M physit s

on a e— a s ra er e o e on o e
f om Cy il t Juli
r r v succ d d i sh ki g ff Th
o an n e er ee e n a n o . e
foll wi g poi ts imp t t

o n n a re or an
2
( ) I a t h M physit
n Ch ist
e l gy two d v
on og g e r o o i er i n
t d ci s pp d Th s
en en e a p s t d by t h
ea re . e e a re re r e en e e
S v i s
e er a n d t h J l i i t soan m d f om th i l d s
e u an s s , na e r e r ea er ,
S v us of A ti ch
e er d Juli u s f H lic
n o ss u s It w an o a arn a . as
th i m of t h S v i s t disti guish G dh d
e a e e d m
er a n o n o ea an an
h od id lly withi t h
o ea Ch ist S th y cc tu t d n e on e r . o e a en a e
th e m i gl d
un of th n tu s t g th with t h
e n ess e na re ,
o e er e
c t u ly d m t l ch ct f
rea re an L d s hum ity
or a a ra er o our or
’
an ,
an d v d w tt ti t limit ti s i th k owl dg
e en re a en on o a on n e n e e
o f J sus eAt t h s m tim th y

. pudi t d t h Ch l
e a e e e re a e e a
é 8 5 at m d sp ci lly L o s i sist c
’
c d e i on a n v 10 o ”, a n e e a e n en e on
th ( e to sp k ) p iv t d i d p d t ctivity f ch
so ea r a e an n e en en a o ea
na tu i t p t tio which th y judg d to b

re , an n er re a b tt n e e e no e er
th N t i i m Th i
an es or a n s l i t st l y i ffi mi g . e r rea n e re a n a r n
a si gl Divi h u m subj ct
n e M
n e- l { 6 mm an e ,
a ( o re [ca 17 1
-
0 ?
G v n
ea O
L/c th
'
oth h d th J l i i t whil
. n e er an , e u an s s, e
1
D a s D ogma von d er D rei ei n i gkei t, 23 0 .
3
Cf H a rn a ck , Gru n d r i ss,
. 43 .
M ONOP H Y SI T I S M 21 7
d yi g th t th m h d f Ch ist w t t lly bs b d
en n a e an oo o r as o a a or e
i
n th G dh d still m i t i d th t His hum
e o ea ,
tu a n a ne a an na re
w as t noth t f th m
as T s m ut d by its
a o o er en . ra n e
c t c t with d ity it w i c uptibl glo ifi d d v

on a e , as n orr e, r e ,
an e en
u c t t m ly ft th su cti but f om th
n rea e , n o ere a er e re rr e on , r e
v y mom t f ssumpti
er en H c t h p ssibility of
o a on . en e e a
Ch ist is m
r tu l tt ibut f His b i g m ; it
no e re n a ra a r e o e n an
re sts t v y p i t His f will

a e er o n on r ee .
( )
b I d t m ni t i t h
or u ity of t h E mpi
er o a n a n e n e re,
re p t d tt mpts f p li t ic l ki d w m d t sup
ea e a e o a o a n ere a e o
p ss t h Ch lc d i C d Thus B siliscu s t h U su p
re e a e on an ree . a e r er
c c ll d it by his E y li i 4 7 6 d i 4 8 2 th
an e e nc c con n ,
an n e
c cili t y Z o tt m pt d i his f m us E m ti t
on a or en a e e n a o o con o
e v d its t ms d cl i g t h t whil t h S f God w

a e er , e ar n a e e on o as
co-e ss ti l with t h F t h i d ity d

en a ss t i l with
e a er n e an co—e en a
us i m h d y t H w
n an oo t tw, th mi cl s
e e as on e, no o, e ra e
an d t h su ff i gs b i g p dic bl
e er n f t h s m subj c t e n re a e o e a e e .
This w di ct bl w t t h u t h ity f L
as a re d o a e a or o eo, an a
thi ty fi y s schism with R m w t h sult But i

r - ve ea r
’
o e as e re . n
5 1 9 t h E m ti e w c m c st sid d th C d
o con a s on e or e a a e, an e ree
o f Ch lc d a which h d c m m whil t b i v st d
e on , a o e ea n e o e n e e
with t h s ctity f t diti w st d Th c ll d

e an o ra on , a s re ore . e so- a e
Th p schi t c t ov sy which sp g up v t h ph s
eo a e on r er ,
ra n o er e ra e
6 m v fl i 8 find i s t d by P t t h Full
'
a e s 4 i th s, n er e e er e er n e
T i h gi
r s sh w d h w u willi g th W st v
a on , o e w o n n e e e en no
w as t i t p t Ch lc d i Cy illi s s wh s
o n er re a e on n a r an en e, erea
th e E st w uld h a f oth It w t h st g ear o no o er . as e ron
h d f Just i i ( 5 27 5 6 5 ) th t lif t d t h d fi iti of

an o n an — a e e e n on
4 51 i t p m t sup m cy T pl s t h M
n o er a n en re a . o ea e e on o
p hy i t s Th d es , f M p tieo d Th d or e t w o o su es a an eo ore ere
c dm d
on e ne .
sixth c tu y d f d s f Ch l
'
( ) I tch n t h e en r e e en er o a ee
d i on a n orth d xy bvi usly m f m k d i t ll ctu l

o o a re o o en o ar e n e e a
pw o A ist t li
er . m t physic suppli d g d w p s
r o e an e a e oo ea on .
Th m st c spicu us
e o m is th t f L ti f By
on o na e a o eon us o za n
tium ( 18 5 0 . f u 4 f J h f D m scus ; or er n n er o o n o a a
a l v f s v p hi l p h i c t g i s wh s i flu c
o er o e ere OSO c a e or e o e n en e
on th Ch ist l gic l v l ti is f l hi t ic im
e r o o a e o u on o rea s or
2 18 PERSON or J ESUS CH R I S T
TH E
p t c R t i i g t h disti cti b twe

or a n e . e a n n tu e n on e en na re
an d p s “
h t k th F mul f Ch lc d
er on , e oo e or a o a e on on
th e wh l i Cy illi s s Th hum
o e n a tu f r an en e . e an na re o
Ch ist is t st ictly imp s l

r no th th h d
r er on a ,
n or on e o er an
d s it p ss ss
oe th oA ti ch e s h ld ,
i dp d t
as e n o en e e ,
an n e en en
p s lity c t f t h c sci us m l lif ; it is

e r on a or en re o e on o ora e
it h p s lity ly i d th ugh as e r on a on n an ro
th e L g s By th i d f this fi
o o . p ci s f Ap lli e a o n er S e e o o n
i is m L t i w bl t m i t i b th th t
a r an , eon us as a e o a n a n o a an
e xch g f qu liti s bt i d b tw t h t w tu s
an e o a e o a ne e e en e o na re
d th t ch tu h its w gy “ ”
an a ea na L h d re as o n e n er ,
as eo a
a ffi m d i his E pist l H ck w ll m s L ti
r e n e . a rn a e na e eon us
“
th e f th f t h w Ch ist l gic l th d xy
a er o th
e ne r o o a or o o ,
as e
C pp d ci s h d b
a a o f th s f t h
an w T i it i
a ee n a er o e ne r n ar a n
or th d xy o o H is t h fi st sch l stic
.
” 1
His c c pti
e e r o a . on e on
o f th ehyp st si “
en imp s lity f Ch ist s m
o a a or er on a o r
’
an
h d w
oo w asly i f mul ; but
ne f m ul it w
on n or a as a or a as
ne w ,d ian th ol gic l h ist y t h pow of f m ul s h

n e o a or e er or a as
b imm s
een en e .
( d ) At l st i 553 wh th fifth E cum ic l

a , n , en e en a
C u cil m t i C st ti pl vict y st d with th

o n e n on an no e, or re e e
or th d xy wh ich d Ch lc d i t h s s of Cy il
o o r ea a e on n e en e r .
Th e d cisi s w f mul t d w m t to m k
e on no or a e ere ea n a e an
A ti ch
n o i t p t ti f th C d f v imp ssibl
en e n er re a on o e re e or e er o e .
Ch ist is
r ; d f this on e C h ist b th mi cl s d
an o on e r o ra e an
su ff i gs must b p dic t d Th t w t u s
er n e dis re a e . e o na re a re
t i g i h bl
n u s ly i th y Th L g s w ls m but
a e on n eor . e o o as a o an ,
i t h hist ic Ch ist th
n e xist d
or hu m p s lity r ere e e no an e r on a .
“
H i C st ti pl t h Ch ist l gy of th A ci t
ere n on an no e e r o o e n en
Chu ch ch d its c clusi

r r ea But t h t iumph f
e on on .
”
2
e r o
Cy il th ugh it s tisfi d th i sti cts of E st

r ,
o f ith
a e e n n a ern a ,
f il d t
a e c cil th M o physit s Th i Chu ch s
o re on e e no e . e r r e
re m i t this d y
a n o a .
Th two p ti s
e D obs v s w ar t i e , as orn er er e , ere no n
th e l st s t a f p t
re or th y supp s d Thso
“
ar a ar as e o e . e
M on o physi t s ly p s t th ff t t tt i
e on m re r e en e e or o a a n a ore
i w d u ity f t h tu s t h t h Ch lc d i s but
n ar n o e na re an e a e on an ,
G 7 L f
r u nd r i ss,
'
i 20 .
2 oo s, RE . v. 52 .
220 PERSON OF J ESUS CH R I S T
TH E
a g i st M ti f R m Th E mp
a n ar w n m d d
o o e . e eror as ur ere
i
n 668 d f t s m y s h i succ ss C st ti
, an a er o e ea r s e or on an ne
P g t
o on a us w hi w y t c m bi wi t h t h P p i
sa s a o o ne e o e n
t ki g mo c cili t y p siti
a n a I re6 8 0 th sixth
on a or o on . n e
E cum ic l C u cil g th
en d t C st ti pl ; d
a o n a ere a on an no e an
th th
e r e , onb sis f c mmu ic ti f m Ag th f
e a o a o n a on ro a on o
R m o bvi usly m d ll d L s E pistl th Dy th lit

e o o o e e on eo
’
e, e o e e
p siti w xplicitly ffi m d Th x ct t m s by
o on as e a r e . e e a er
whic h t h l ti f th et s hd b
re a dfi d t
on o e n a ur e a ee n e ne a
C h lc d a e w c i d v to th l ti f t h
on a re no arr e o er e re a on o e
wills I Ch ist it is d cl d
. n tw r tu l wills
, e a re ,
are o na ra
an d tw tu l gi s ( m d s of ctivity ) th hum
o na ra en e r e o e a , e an
will t b i g pp s d t t h Divi b t th ob di t
no e n O o e o e n e, u ra er e en
an d sub di t t its m ip t c Thus t h du lism

or na e o o n o en e . e a
is ss t d i its sh p st f m
a er e implyi g t w
n ar e or ,
as n o
p ll l s i s f v liti s d ctiviti s whil y t it is

ara e er e o o on an a e , e e
a dd d with s mi g i c sist cy th t th l m ighty

e , ee n n on en , a e a
will f t h L g s c diti s th will disti ctiv f

O e o o so on on e n e o
t h hu me ity wh lly to bs b its i d p d c d

an as o a or n e en en e an
s lf m ti
e - M ximus h d t i d t
o on . b idg th gulf a a r e o r e e
b twe th eentw wills by sugg sti g th t t h pu

e o e n a e re
hum soul is i its lf g dlik ki t t h L g s thic lly

an n e o e, a n o e o o e a
ss c ; but his sugg s t i s c m t thi g

.
an d i n e en e e on a e o no n .
I th E s t th
n e M physit h bit f th ught p sist d ;
a e on o e a o o er e
for e v if t h W st i t p t ti f Ch lc d h d
en e e ern n er re a on o a e on a
t iumph d f m lly y t th id s of Ap lli is d

r e or a , e e ea o n ar an
Cy il t i d vi t lity d h ld pl c fi mly i th
r re a n e a ,
an e a a e r n e
w ffi ci l c c pti f t h i mp s lity f Ch ist s ’

no O a on e on o e er on a O r
m h d an oo .
S much f t h utw d f t s f th c flict ;

o or e o ar ea u re o e on
l t u s gl c
e t th th l gic l m t iv s p ti g
an e a e eo o a o e O era n
b th th su f c B th id s f c u s st t d f m
e n ea e r a e . o S e o o r e ar e ro
th cc pt d d ct i
e a f tw
e etu s i p s
o r ne o o na re n on e er on .
But withi this c m pl x wh l t h M th lit s b g

n o e o e e on o e e e an
f m th u ity of th p s th Dy t h lit s f m t h
ro e n e er on , e o e e ro e
du lity f t h tu s If
a o p ty f d t h will t
e na re . on e ar r e e rre e o
th p s l E g i Ch ist t h th h l d with qu l
e e r on a o n r , e o er e e a
c victi th t it f ms p t f ch
on on a tu Th or ar o ea
“
na re . e
M ON OTH E LI T E S AN D D Y OTH E L I T E S 22 1
M on o th lit s f d N st i is m th c mbi ti of
e e ea re e or a n — e o na on a
f llibl wi th
a e i f llibl will d p f d t thi k f
an n a e —
an r e err e o n o
Ch ist s hum ity b i g l t d t th L g s th

r
’
an as e n re a e o e o o as e
b dy is to t h s ul F th m t h u ity f will h d v st
o e o . or e e n o a a a
religi us sig ific c

o W c clud w it s Th d
n an e .
“
e on e,
”
r e eo ore
f Ph th i l di g p s t tiv th t ll th t whi h “
o ar a n , e r ea n re r e en a e, a a a c
we h ea r f r om Ch r i st and beli eve i s th e wor k o

f God
f m b gi i g t d t h wh l i c ti is
ro e nn n t uly
o en e o e n a rn a on on e r
high d Divi ctivity

an At t his p i t h w v
ne a .
”
1
o n ,
o e er, our
sy m p thy is ch ck d by Th d s i v t t t d cy t
a e e eo or e
’
n e era e en en o
d c tis m m if st d f x mpl i t h st t m t th t
o e ,
an e e ,
or e a e, n e a e en a
our L d s s s xp i c t ch m m t w v k d by
or
’
en e -e er e n e a ea o en as e o e
no na tu l c ssity but by His Divi v liti

ra ne e It w ne o on . as
this d c tism which l t p w t t h Dy th lit c u t

o e en o er o e o e e o n er
ar gum t Ov en d v . g i it is i sist d th t
er an o er a a n n e a a
na tu with ut will is thi g ; th t if Ch ist w m

re o a no n a r as a n,
H must h v b
e m willi g d ctiv O mp i t
a e ee n an n an a e. n e co os e
will is i c c iv bl O ly th ugh His hum will c uld

n on e a e . n ro an o
J sus fi ish t h w k giv Him t d F i t h l v h p

e n e or en o o . a , o e, O e
an d l l t h vi tu s
a ly p ssibl f
e r i wh m th y
e a r e on o e or on e n o e
are th utc m f l sp t ity ; u l ss H w

e o o e o r ea on a n e n e e er e
en d w d with hu m f c lty f v liti

o e d wa thus an a u O o on , an ere
hu m l y f Ch ist c uld t b
an ree , p tt H ls r o no e our a ern . er e a o
a t u ligi us i t st is t w k
r e re o n ere a or .
E ch p ty it is m
a if st h d t k p ss ssi
ar , f an e ,
a a en o e on o
on e sp ct f t h t uth A t h qu sti w th
a e o e r . s e e on as en
s t t d ch h d much t y f its lf d h d
a e , ea a d o sa or e ,
an a n o n ee
t of th oth s fut ti
e ar Th
e phil sophic d er
’
re a on . e o r ea er
will b p t t y t h te a dv c w p ssibl till th

o sa a no a an e as o e e
l ti
re a f th
on will t t h p s lity t h c t f
o e o e er on a , e e n re o
c sci us m l xp i c h d b th ught t m
on o or a e e r en e, a e en o ou ore
cl ly d th id f p s lity its lf submitt d t

ear ,
an e ea O er on a e e o a
m ore x ct lysis O t h t h h d t h b sis f

e a an a . n e o er an , e a o
d ct i i p st f cts h d b vi tu lly b d d d
o r ne n a a a een r a a an on e , an
it w c ss y t c v vi t l t uch wi t h t h his t ic
as ne e ar o re o er a o e or
J sus
e Wh t this Ch ist l gy h d d v t th
.
“
a r o o an e o er o e
Chu ch w r t fi ish d sult b t p bl m th t

as no a n e re u a ro e — a
1
B a ur, D rei ei n i gl ei t, i i '
. 10 9 .
222 THE PERSO N OF J ESUS CH R I S T
God Hims lf sh uld h v liv d d w lk d h
e o m a e e an a e e re, a an
lik t use o .
” 1
Fi lly b i f f c is d t J h f D m scus
na ,
a r e re e ren e ue o o n o a a
( di d p b bly b f
e ro ato W h m t h th l gy f t h
e or e o e eo o o e
G k Chu ch w s its d fi itiv syst m tic fo m H

ree r o e e n e e a r . e
t ught th t t h t w tu s i Ch is t i t p t t ch
a a e o na re n r n er e n e ra e ea
o th lik fi
er d i e re with an sui g r on an en n
e xch g f qu liti s H l id st ss m v
an e o a th e . e a re , oreo er, on e
“
E hyp st si m h d thus p p tu ti g i
”
2
n f th
o a a o e an oo , er e a n ,
n
S pit f t h Dyophysit d Dy th lit c ds vi w

e o e e an o e e re e , a e
th t h m y p i ts f ffi ity with Ap lli is Th

a as an o n o a n o n ar . e
L g s is pl c d h d
o o th a m t u k of hum ity
e as ea on e ere r n an .
But i ith
n sp ct w h igi l Wh t h ff s
ne er r e e as e or na . a e O er
us is th sch l stic l b ti
ra er af sults tt i d o a e a ora on o re a a ne
by t h C pp d ci s d by L t i of Byz tium
e a a o an an eon us an .
D v l pm t h d st pp d with t h C u cil f 5 5 3 d
e e o en a o e e o n o ,
an
J h w m ly t h gist of G k th d xy
o n as ere
“
e re ra r ree or o o .
A d thus by d g
n s t h Ch u ch s m m i s f t h e ree e r
’
e or e o e
h um li f f J sus f d d i t blivi
an e o M l st th
e a e n o o on . en o e
s s f hist y N thi g h d h pp d t th i
en e o or . . o n a a en e a e n ca r
na ti s v th t G dh d ssum d
on a e w a l tio ship o ea a e a ne re a n ,
to k o w a g bg t w k t
ne w pl c
or an , N e an o or a a ne a e . or
w as th situ ti b tt d by t h b v ly p sist t
e a on e e re e ra e er en
i sti ct f v lt g i st du lis m f this ly m t

n n o re o a a n a , or on ea n
th t a sp ct f t h d ubl Lif is sw ll w d u p i dis

on e a e o e o e e a o e n
t i g i h bl y i
n u s tha th Ch ist s d ity is s
n e o er . r
’
e een as
l s ly tt ch d t His hum
oo e a atu y t v b i g it
e o an n a re , e o er ea r n ,
an d duci g t littl b tt th
re n ph t sm th m l
o e e er an a an a e ora
victo i s d p th tic c flicts f His thly c

r e an a e on o ea r a reer .
”
3
Seeb erg, L eh r bn ch d D G
1 i 23 1
f h
. . . .
2
Si n ce t h e Logos orms t h e p ers on al i ty i n C ri s t , H e pray ed n ot f or
f
H i msel b ut as a n ex a m p l e t o us .
3
Dyk es, u t s up ra , 59 .
TH E
an d di l ctic l bility with which h p duc d th

a e a a e re ro e e
a cc pt d d ct i s f t h Chu ch Biblic l d th d x
e e o r ne o e r .
1
a an or o o
id s g du lly m st d him b u t h
ea ra a v quit flu g a ere , e ne er e n
o ff t h ly i flu c s of N P l t ism d th s i
e ea r n en e e o- a on ,
an e e n
c l i d him
ne t ch st g of hi d v l pm t t d fi
,
a ea a e s e e o en , o e ne
th eS id ntic l with t h N P l t ic ii
on as e a e eo- a on vo s or
Wisd m ; y t with ut y f t h sub di ti ism t

o e o an o e or na on o
which si m il p th h d c d u ct d O ig
a ar I his
a a on e r en . n
m tu p i d h w v h i sists th t th m J sus
a re er o ,
o e er, e n a e an e
h d b
a co j i d with G d t he L g s i such u ity
een n o ne o o o n a n ,
th t it is th s m S f G d wh is S f M th
a e a e on o o o on o an , e
s m S f M wh is S f G d
a e on o an Th c c pti o on o o .
” 2
e on e on
by which h s lv s ll difficulti s is th disti ctie re o e a e e n on
in lity v y ld b tw
rea th
er f m D i o d th — e een e or a e an e
f m or i ;
a disti cti
serv t t b a h stily q u t d n on no o e a e a e
with th t b t w t h t w tu s I t ms f cou s
a e een e o na re . n er , o r e,
this c t st f f ms is t k f m P h 2 ; but whil

on ra o
“
or
”
a en ro e
S t P ul d sc ib s
. a L d h vi g b d d th
e r e our or as a n a an on e e on e
m d f b i g f th th Augusti
o e o e n g ds th m
or e o e r, ne r e ar e
as xist t (
co-e f m m D i mi tt
en d f m m
n on or a e a en s, se or a
sero i ip i )
a cc It is cu i usly
en s h d. t y wh th r o ar o sa e er
A ug u sti s sy mp thi s w m with th E st

’
ne a e ere or e e a or
W st O th e . h d his t d cy is to co c iv
n e on e an ,
en en n e e
G dh d d m h d
o ea an s lf vid tly xclusiv f an oo as e -e en e e o
ea ch th thus k pi g th t w
o er , tu s p t d ee n e o na re a ar , an
i n this vi w which the wh l p d m in t s h

, on e o e re o a e ,
e
f ll ws Amb s This m d it p ssibl to g d th

o o ro e . a e o e re a r e
h um ity f Ch ist
an c stituti g
o i dp d tm l
r as on n an n e en en ora
subj ct g ui ly h um i its g wth d p g ss

e , en ne an n ro an ro re ,
an d A ugusti did t v sh i k f om d cl i g th t
ne no e en r n r e ar n a
C h ist s hum ity lik th l ct v ywh

r
’
an w —
th e e e e e er ere — as e
o bj ct f Divi p d sti ti
e o His M di t ship sts
ne re e na on . e a or re
on His p ticip ti i m h od ( m di t ar a g i
on n an o e a or n on n a
d en s d g i se h m ) It is p h ps
a a sid d sti
o o . er a a on e — e e
m t f this l m t which l ds H ck t m k th t
a e o e e en ea a rn a o re ar a
O 1
h nh tj e S w f ll d l m
ol e s ub ect , h D of . ch eel s
’
u an ab e on ogra p ,
ie
A n sch a uu n g A ugus ti n s i ther Ch r i sti P erson wnd Werk ( Tubi n gen ,
2
I h i ch i r . c. 40 .
A U GU STI N E 225
A ugusti s p f u d st i t st c t d i th hum
ne
’
ro o n e n e re e n re n e an
s ul f J sus
o o O th e th h d his m .
”
1
xplicit n e o er an ,
ore e
t t m
s a e ts i enli with Ath sius d sh i t h
a re n ne an a ,
an ar e n e
Cy illi d c tism I t h G d m th p s l f ct
r an o e . n e o - an e er on a a or
is suppli d b G d t h W d ; t h ssu m d hu m
e y o tu e or e a e an na re
is d ifi d whil t h I V d m i s m t physic lly

e e ,
e e
’
or re a n e a a un
ch g bl d thi g lik
an ea e, an mmi ti is lly p sibl
no n e a co x o r ea os e .
But f th ds f p pu l xp si t i h i ccus t m d
or e en o o ar e o on , e s a o e
t o sa y th t J sus Ch ist
a is m d G d
e i p s r an an o n on e e r on ,
a s ea ch f us is fl sh d spi it Obvi usly this l gy

O e an r . o ana o ,
if p ss d w uld h v l d st ight b ck t Ap l li i
re e ,
o a e e ra a o o nar an
ism f which Augusti w

,
O lif l g d p ssi t ne as a e on an a on a e
O pp t But t h ph s is
on en . th l ss sympt m e ra e n on e e e a o .
It fits i with th i c si g W st t d cy t sp k
n e n re a n e ern en en o ea
f Ch is t s fl sh b dy th th f Ch ist t h
’ “ ” “
o r e or o , ra er an o r e
m an M st f th s id s
. o c iv d symb lic xp ssi
o e e ea re e e o e re on
l t i th
a er c ll d Ath si C d which fi st com s
n e s o- a e an a an r ee ,
r e
i t vi w
n o th e d f t h s v th c tu y
n ea r e en o e e en en r .
I Sp i t h n ld Augus t i i t di t i liv d
a n e o f er n an ra on e on or
c tu i s i c t s t t t h s mi M physi t
en r e ,
n on ra di g f o e e - on o e r ea n o
Ch lc d which h d b c m th d x by t h l ps f
a e on , a e o e or o o e a e o
t im e W st s us d d l v d t h ph s Ch i t d
. e e rn e an o e e ra e r s us eu s
e t h m ; o d it h dly s m d i c sist t wi t h this th t

o an ar ee e n on en a
in th ighth c t u y E li p d f T l d d F li x f
e e en r an us o o e o an e o
U g l sh uld h v b gu t t ch th t t h h um
r e o a e tu e n o ea a e an na re
c mbi d with t h d ity f th R d m w

o ne t t e e o e e ee er as no a
on c tk e p ia to t h en ss ti l u i tuy f t h Divi n e e en a n o e ne
p s er on , d c s qu tly h d
an di ct sh i t h
on e en a no re a re n e
Divi S ship but w

ne on ly S f G d ,
d p ti ly as on on o o a a ve .
Thus li i t h Sp ish litu gy sp ks f t h p i

a ne n e an r ea o e as ! o
fi l i i d p ti ma H c t t h m Ad pti ism I t h
o
'
. en e , oo, e na e o an . n e
fight with A i ism it h d b cust m y t m i t i r an a een o ar o a n a n
th t Ch ist w S
a r t d p ti ;as d th w on n a ur a , n on a o one an e ne
vi w il l i f m d
e ,
its ph s s w w m t
— n or e as ra e er e, as e an as a
c ctiv f t h d x x t v g c s which might v

orr e e o or o o e ra a an e o er
sh d w th
a o l hu m i t y E l i p d m y w ll h v f lt
e r ea an . an us a e a e e
th e l d i flu co f A t i ch n But Ch l m g i t
en e o n o . ar e a ne n er
1 D ogma ,
H i st . of v. 128 .
TH E
p s d d Ad pti ism w c d m d t th Sy od
o e , an o an as on e ne a e n
of R g sbu g ie 7 92 en d twic l t Alcui

r b i g it n an e a e r, n e n s
k st f
ee n e It w u g d th t lik t h N st i s th
oe . as r e a , e e e or a n , e
Ad pti ists h ld
o d ubl p s lity i Ch ist ; but it
an e a o e er on a n r
is w th ti g th t i f ti g th i
or no s Alcui w t
n a n re u n e r e rror n en
so f ar as to s ay, in a ds n m
p ti on e ca r n i s a d eo p erson a
p er i t h omi n i s, This p n on n a ta r a . erson a p er i t h omi n i s
l ft
e th
e v en th d xy f Cy il b hi d d m t th t
e or o o o r e n ,
an ea n a
th est ict t w tu d ct i w c sist t with t

r o-n a re o r ne as on en ,
no
to y d m dd
sa wh lly imp s l c c pti
e an e , f a o er on a on e on o
wh t m h d i Ch ist is Th f mul f Ch lc d
a an oo n r . e or a O a e on
w as i f ct ill d pt d t xp ss th W st id
n a a a f e o e re e e ern ea O
re d mptie d Ad pti ism p v d it

on , an O wh i o an ro e . ne o n
His t u hum ity sh uld b t h

r e m l subj ct f
an o e e n or a e o
m l lif
ora d sh uld t
e, anby l p ssi f i o a on e a re a a on or s n,
as H d f t h Chu ch d B th e f th d m d
ea o e r an ro r o e re ee e
this d thi g l ss w f l t t b i disp s bl if

,
an no n e , as e o e n en a e
guilt w t b b lish d d h li ss m d p ssibility

ere o e a o e an o ne a e a o .
A d pti ism w
o an sy t fut b t it b tok d g v
as ea o re e, u e en e ra e
d f cts i th c iv d d ct i
e e n e re e e o r ne .
Th d gm f t
e subst t i ti
o a ow isi g i t vi w ran an a on , no r n n o e ,
w as wa d p w ful i flu c t di g t
ne an ihil t
o er n en e en n o ann a e
th t ue hum ity f Ch ist O

r e an disc c ti o r . ne ca n ern a er a n
p ll lis m b tw
a ra e th vi w th t t h hum f ct i
e e en e e a e an a or n
ou r L d h d suchor p s lity but w p s l

a as no er on a ,
as er on a
on ly i d n it w u d th L g s d th l t
an ,
as e re , n er e o o ,
an e a er
c t v sy t wh th i t h E uch ist t h subst c

on ro er as o e er n e ar e an e
o f b d d wi c t i u s t xist
rea an is m g d i
ne on n e o e , or so er e n
th ehigh ss c e th t ly its ph m l ccid ts

er e en a on e no en a a en
re m i I b th c s s th si mpl p c pti s f f ith

a n . n o a e e e er e on o a
w tu d upsid d w by th y
er e rn e e o n eor .
Th di l ctic c t iviti s f t h M iddl Ag

e a e dd d littl
a e o e e e a e e
to th Chu ch d ct i f
e r L ds p s Io
p r ne o ou r or
’
er on .
1
n ro
p ti
or on th hist ic Lif g w dim d t h x lt d
as e or e re an e e a e
S vi u
a oc d d i t h dist c th i t v l w fill d
r re e e n e an e, e n er a as e
wi t h th m di t s high st f ll b i g t h Vi gi M y
o er e a or , e o a e n e r n ar .
Th e hyp t ian w s t dily m i t i d But Sch l

os a s a as ea a n a ne . ee
m 1
S ee L f an f i p ort a n t n ot e by oo s , L ei t a d en , 5 3 1— 3 2 .
228 TH E PERSON OF J ESUS CH R I S T
p s t to d m C m mi
re en re ee . a no no J esn m ,
he s ys
a in a
b utiful ph s h mi m mi hi p
ea ra e , o ne r op on o mi tem ci h u mi lem
cor de eu n d e mgn e i p sum d eu m omn ip oten tem .
1
Lik e o th
thi k s of t h p i d Th m s Aqui s
er n er e er o ,
o a na
( d 1 2
. 7 4 ) d Du s Sc tus ( d 1
an3 0 8 ) ls did h m gn o . a o o a e
to an id f G d w ll igh xc ssiv i its m t t

ea O o e -n e e e n re o e ra n
scen d I Ch ist l gy it w f l t th t t ll h z ds
e n ce . n r o o as e a a a a ar
a c fusi of d ity with fi it f ms f lif must b

on on e n e or o e e
a v id d H c Aqui s t ch s t h t th L g s t k s
o e . en e na ea e a e o o a e
imp s l th ugh s m h w i dividu l h u m

e r on a — o tu o e o n a — an na re
i t u ity with its lf ; th c u t st k imm di t ly

n o n e e o n er ro e e a e
f ll wi g h w v t t h ff ct th t ft ll t h
o o n , o e e r, o e e e a a er a e
u i is l t i th Divi
n on rea tu b u t i t h hum
no n e n e na re , n e an
na tu ly O to put it th wis th tu s
re on . r, t o er e, e na re a re n o
so much it d b ught i t c m m
un e , l ti t
as ro n o a o on re a on o
th L g s At b tt m th th y is M physit It
e o o . o o , e eor on o e.
m s th t t h i c ti is to b c st uct d m ly
ean a e n arn a on e on r e e re
i
n l tiv s s ; f whil G d is p s t i th
a re a e en e or, e o re en n e
m h d f J sus it is ly i s c h f shi th t H
an oo o e ,
on n u a a on a e
might qu lly b p s t i m th
e a m e d re e n n ore an on e an , an
oth i st c s f G d m h d
er n an q it thi k bl
e o o - an oo a re u e n a e as
w ll th hist ic S vi u N wh
e as e ls is th
or o a o r . o er e e e e er r r
so pp t f g d i g Ch ist l gy
a a re n O bst ct
re a r n r o o as an a ra
p bl m i th c m bi ti f I fi it d fi it with
ro e n e o na on o n n e an n e,
th i vit bl sult th t
e ne a ch sid f t h qu ti
e re a on ea e o e e a on
imp s l c t g i s
e r on a i s t d d t h d iscussi
a e or e a re n er e , an e on
h as p ctic lly ra l v c t t h J sus f t h

a no re e an e o e e o e
G sp ls H W t u this is w
o e . f m Th m s d cl
O r e e see ro o a
’
e ara
tio th t f m t h c c pti
n a f t h V i gi
ro o w ds e on e on o e r n n ar
th p s e f th G d m
er on is bs lut ly c m pl t d
o e o - an a o e o e e an
p f ct d ; i Ch ist cc di gly th
er e e n xists i th r ,
a or n , e re e ne er
f it h
a h p si c b th
n or xclud d by His p f ct
o e, n e o a re e e er e
visi f G d
on Th o f ms f hum k wl dg o . d e or o an no e e an
v lit i
o m i on but ll is lly d t mi d by th will
re a n, a r ea e er ne e
o f th W d e Ev th or u ity f t h s k f which
. en so e n or e a e o
th hum ity h b
e an cu t il d is t chi v d F as ee n r a e no a e e . or
Th m s c c d s i t h l st s t th t Ch ist s hum
o a on e e n e a r e or a r
’
an
i C 5 q d y f 1
n a n t. 1 . 6 u ot e b Loo s.
TH O M A S AQ U I N AS AND D UNS S COT US 229
mi d b i g c t d is u lik His d ity i c p bl f

n ,
as e n rea e , , n e e ,
n a a e o
g spi g th Divi ss c His s ul k ws ll th t is

ra n e ne e en e . o no a a
or will b ; t h w v th t which is p ssibl S t

e no , o e er , a o e . o, oo,
with th m ip t c which S f G d H p ss ss d
e o n o en e , as on o o , e o e e
wholly b u t S f M ,
asly i p t d f on o th a n on n ar ,
an as ar as e
m s u s of hum ity p m it But Aqui s h much t

ea re an er . na as o
sa y th t is bl
a g di g t
noh m Ch
e ist J susre t h ar n e an r e as e
re cipi t f g c en o ra e .
P h ps t h m st disc c ti g
er a e ti i this th y o on er n no on n eor
as wh l is
a l lusi
o e t th p ssibl plu lity f
an a on o e o e ra o
i c ti s f
n a rn a sh d w is thus c st u p t h ss ti l
on ,
or a a o a on e e en a
u iqu ss f Ch ist S vi u It is id wi th which

n e ne o r as a o r. an ea
th e b li vi g mi d
e e mk
n t ms Th p i d w
n ca n a e no er . e er o as
on e th t h dly f lt disti ctiv i t st i Ch ist l gy

a ar e a n e n e re n r o o .
M en w c t t t p v t h l gic l c cti s f
ere on en o ro e e o a on n e on o
t h t diti
e ra l sch m Th y h d l t thi g d ls
on a e e. e a ear n no n ,
an a o
f g tt
or o thi gen n o n .
Du s Sc tus g n ti l t w sc c ly m suc
o ,
a en era on a er, as ar e or e
f l i lifti g t h d b t t
ce s s u n n t uly m l p l A de e a e o a r ora an e . n
y te th, ugh Th o mism c qu d h o d s xhibit d p on ere ,

e oe e a ee er
a pp ci ti f J sus hu m xp i c
re a on o d f i tly i
e
’
an e er en e, an a n n
di t ca e s th limit ti s of His k wl dg
e m
a Ev on no e e as an . en
so much this h w v w g i d ly t t h c st f
as , o e e r, as a ne on a e o o
disti guishi g v y sh ply b tw th two tu s f

n n er ar e ee n e na re , or
Du s wh lly g d wi t h Th m s i ffi mi g th t ith
n o a r ee o a n a r n a ne er
su ff i g er n m it c ul d b p dic t d f th Divi
n or er o e re a e o e ne
e ss c Th u i f th tu s is t b st
en e . e n on o l ti e na re a e a re a on
o f d p d c wh e en by th hum i ty is subsu m d u d
en e e re e an e n er
th divi i ty ;
e l ti c m p bl to th t b tw
n a re a on o ara e a e een
subst c d ccid t d imp si g t h G dh d

an e an a en , an o n on e o ea no
limit of y ki d J sus h an nhum p s lity . e as no an er on a or
i d p d t b i g
n e en His hum ity xists i t h L g s
en e n . an e n e o o
on ly my f t xists i m Th m l b m t
as oo e n e . e a n a on e eca e, n o
th Lgs i
e o oy s s f nd ity c t b c m th t
an en e, or e an n o e o e a
which is t t l Still th i sti ct f

no e er n a tu m .
, e n n or a r e an
h d w i dic bl si c ly th ugh th m it f
oo as n era a e, n e on ro e er O
J sus is t h w ld d m d
e e or re ee e .
C H AP TE R V I I .
T H E CH RI S O L O G T Y O F T H E RE F O RM A TI ON
C H U RC H E S .
1 . is t t much t y th t with t h
Lu ther — . It no oo o sa a e
R f m ti
e or d sp ci lly with Luth
a th
on , a n cm i t e e a er , er e a e n o
th w ld d p u d st di g f th p s
e or a f ee er n er an n o e er on o
Ch ist th h d p v il d i c t h p st lic g
r an a re a e S n e e a o o a e .
Th ttitud t w ds J sus w h ich Lu t h c sci usly

e a e o ar e er on o
h ld s ys H m
e ,
”
m ks st p f w d i t h
a err ann , ar a e or ar n e
d v l pm t f t h Ch isti
e e o ligien This w d o e r an re on .
” 1
as ue
t o ligi us i t st b i g w simply c c t t d
re o n er e e n no on e n ra e on
C h ist dr l g disp s d v i ly v
,
an mul t itud
no on er er e a n o er a e
o f m di t s d pi itu l
e x cis s Wh t m g s i
a or an S r a e er e . a e er e n
c s qu c is disti ctiv typ of Ch isti pi ty Th

on e en e a n e e r an e . e
G s p l is i t h hist ic S vi u
o e d it is l l th
n e or a o r, an a e re .
Th l gy d Ch ist l gy
eo o l g i dp d t
an r o o are no on er n e en en
a sp cts f d ct i ; th y c i cid Th R f m s w it s
e o o r ne e o n e . e e or er , r e
D r Li ds y k w
. th G d th t h G d wh
n a ,
“
ne no o er o an e o o
h d m if st d Hims lf i
a th
an his t ic l Ch ist d m d
e e e n e or a r ,
an a e
us i t h mi cl f f ith th t H is
s ee n s lv tio
e ra e O a a e ou r a a n .
” 2
Luth syst m f b li f if syst m it m y b

er s
’
e O e e ,
e a e
c ll d sts
a e d v lv s u d t h p so f J sus
,
re on an re o e ro n e er n o e
Ch ist T him f it h i G d d f it h i Ch ist

r . o a n o an a n r a re
LI T E R AT U R E — B ruce, H u mi li a ti on o f Ch r i st 2, 18 8 1 Th . Ha rn a ck ,
L u th ers Th eol ogi e, 18 6 2— 8 6 KOs t li n , L u th ers Th eol ogi e2, 190 1 v on Kii gel gen ,
z
L u th er s A ufi as su n g d er Gotth ei t Ch ri s ti 1 9 0 1 ; Li n d say , H i story of th e
'
Ref or m a ti on , H er rma nn , 190 6 Com mu n i on wi th God , 19 0 6 ; H a s t i n gs,

D i et of C h r i st a n d th e Gosp el s, 19 0 8 B en sow, D i e L eh re i on d er K en ose, '
h f
.
19 03 H a eri n g, D er ch r i stl i ch e Gl a u be ( D ogma ti lc), 19 0 6 ; Sc af , H i story of

th e Cr eed s of Ch r i sten d om , 1 8 7 7 .
1
Comm u n i on wi th God ( 2md E n g ed i t i on ) , 14 8 . .
11
H as t i n gs, D CG i i 8 6 2 . . .
23 2 TH E PERSON OF J ESUS CH RI ST
th t t
a d st d Ch ist w must b gi with t h
o un er an r e e n e
k wl dg f His hum lif T h im t h m h d

no e e o an e . o e an oo
of Ch ist sig ifi d m r th t y p st p st lic

n e or e an o an o -a o o
t ch
ea Th er f u d ti s f f ith
. e t bo l id i n a on o a a re o e a n
th e c d d f cts f
re or L ds c
e a m d o our or
’
a r ee r as an, an
an ythi g ls w uld b to st t buildi g f m t h

n e e o f e ar n ro e roo .
Sc iptu s s ys b gi v y g tly d
“ ” “
Th e h r re , e a ,
e n er en ,
an
l d us
ea t Ch ist on t m od th t r as o a an , an en o on e
wh is L d v
o ll c tu s d ft th t t
or o er a wh r ea re ,
an a er a o on e o
is G d S d I t d lightfully d l
o . O o t k ow en e r e ,
an earn o n
God But t h phil s ph s d d ct s h v i sist d

. e o o er an o or a e n e
on b gi i g f m b v ; d th y h v b c m f ls
e nn n ro . a o e an SO e a e e o e oo .
W must b gi f m b l w
e d ft
e th t c m upw ds
n ro e o ,
an a er a o e ar .
” 1
Oth wis w miss Him wh

er e is t h l dd th t guid s
e o e a er a e
us u pw d t th F th t h l wly gl ss i which w
ar o e a e r, e o a n e
see G d Luth is quit c sci us f di ff c i

o . er e on o o a eren e n
acc t s p ti g him h f m t h sch l stics d v

en e a ra n ere ro e o a an e en
f m m y f t h F th s ; it is i d d his compl i t
ro an o e a er n ee a n
ag i st t h R m Chu ch th t h
a n e v d mt w
o an r , a s e ne er rea e
ought t l t oc g is G d i Ch ist T ft t h
ea rn o re o n e o n r .
2
OO O en e
F t h s fl d f m th m h d f Ch ist t t h G dh d
a er e ro e an oo o r o e o ea ,
pl di g th t t h fl sh p fi t th thi g Wh s t h
ea n a e e ro e no n . e rea e
f ct is th t xc pt
a m a C h ist c uld v h v
e e as an r o ne er a e
red m d u s by His c ss d t iumph Si s

ee e ro an r . n n er a re
g i l ty ; h
u c b t th
en p p e d t u God c uld
n on e u e ro er an r e o
pu g i d st y d th m v t h cu s
r e s n, e ro d ly ea ,
re o e e r e, an on
i n fl sh could v G d Hi m s lf d it Thus it is
e e en o e o .
i m p ssibl t d w Ch ist t d ply d w i t tu

o e o ra r oo ee o n n o na re
an d t h fl sh W c
e t m k H i m t hu m
e . eTh an n o a e oo an . e
m juxt p siti f G d h d d m h d
ere a o on Luth o - o ea an an oo ,
as er
ne v ti s f p ti g is f
er re o v il ; w must h v
re ea n ,
o no a a e a e
th eS f G d fus d
on o d i w v with h m i t y d
o e an n o en u an ,
an
on e p s th with If Ch ist w
er on ere t G d th . r e re no o ,
er e
w G d t l l b u t i Him G d h
er e n o o a t d i to
a , n o as en ere n a
b d with si s cl s v th
on b th
n n er o er e en an a ro er .
V y pl i w ds cc di gly
er a n us d g di g or ,
a or n ,
a re e re ar n
\ th e lityrea f J s u s thly lif o of limit

e ti ’
ea r e as on e a on ,
1
W er lce
( E rl . x11. 4 12 .
2
H errma n n , op . ci t. 15 7 .
LU TH ER ON CH RI ST AS M AN 23 3
g wth d t i l Th p c y ph l st i s f His y uth

ro ,
an r a . e a o r a or e o o
a re m f lly “
H
e re t d k sl pt d w k d ;
o .
“
e a e, ra n , e ,
an a e
w as w y d j y us ; w pt l ugh d ; w hu g y
ea r , sa ,
o o e ,
a e as n r ,
t hi sty c ld ; sw t d t lk d w k d p y d
”
r , o I
ea e th ,
a e , or e ,
ra e . n e
d ys of th H w
a ea r l mighty m S f ef om as no a an . O ar r
re mi i g ia n n diff t d f b i g th w n a e re n or er o e n ,
“
e re as no
di ff c b twer e n e Him d th m s v th t H
e een an o er en a e a e
d with ut Luth w v s slightly ”

w as G d o i an o s n . er a er on
th e qu sti t eth oni ty f asvi gi bi th f o e n ecess o a r n r or
i l ss ss but g di g th f ct lik f i l ss ss d
S n e ne ,
re ar n e a a e o S n e ne an
o f bi th f m r V i gi h h ro d ubts t ll Alw ys
a r n e as no o a a . a
t h m tiv f this u p c d t d i sist c L ds ’

e o e O n re e en e n en e on our or
h u m ity is ligi us d p ctic l W

an re u d if
o an ra a . e a re n on e
w c t y This M is G d “
e ann o sa ,
an o .
But if Ch ist w t u m f ith is q u lly r as r e an , a e a
a ss d th t H w
ur e t m a m It is t h v y
e as no ere an . e er
c st
orn er— f Luth s th l gy th t
on e o th th er
’
eo o a n on e o er an
G d c uld v il t
o o t f ahu m a i Ath sius
o a on e or an S n . a na
hims lf c l d t sp k m pl i ly th h
e ou no t th ea ore a n an e as o e
a bs lut c t lity f th G dh d of Ch ist If D ity

o e en ra o e o ea r .
“
e
b w ti g i Ch is t h w i t s th is h lp “
e an n n r ,
e r e ,
ere no e or
d liv c f us g i st G d s g
e eran e or d judgm ts ; a a n o
’
an er an en
”
d g i if it c uld t b h ld th t G d di d f us
“
an a a n, o no e e a o e or ,
but ly m th w on a l st With ut this G d

an , en e a re o . o o
who di d d s g i w d e an t d w
ro e a i w ship a n, e ar e n o ra n ea r n or .
Th mystics c m f
e h t i p s ti g Him o e ly
ar S or n re r e en n a s on
an e x mpl f th t tu s H i m i
a e, or lity i t a gy rn n r ea n o
“
a n an r
judg d h ibl ty t But t h p i cipl th t

e an a orr e ra n .
”
e r n e a
th p s is th w k g uid s us ight f
e e r on as si c e or e ar ,
or
“
n e
no on e giv t l l if but G d l
ca n e it f ll ws
e ern a e o a on e, o o
i vi t bly th t Ch ist m u st b t uly d tu lly God

ne a a r e r an na ra .
St g w ds c m t Lu t h s p
ron or h o t hi ks of t h
e o er
’
en as e n e
Zwi gli n c c pti f A ll i i cc di g t which it

an on e on o o os s, a or n o
is ly by fi gu of p ch w
on a ss t i t ch g
re S ee e can a er an n er an e
o f qu li t i s b tw
a th e tu s m h d d G dh d
e ee n e na re — an oo an o ea
thus b i g ultim t ly k pt p t This s ys L u th is

e n a e e a ar .
, a er,
sh ly f ls f if I b li v th t t h hu m
eer a e,
“
or tu e e e a e an na re
l s u ff d f m th is Ch ist w s th
a on e er e or S vi u e, en r or e an n o a o r
23 4 ERSO N OF J E SU S CH RI ST
TH E P
to m Th e
.bj cti th t G dh d c ot s u ff h
e O e on a o ea a nn er e
g tsra n bst ct p p siti but

as an aov ul d by ra ro o on , on e e rr e
th ctu liti s f t h Sc iptu

e a a co d T p t it y t
e o e r re re r . o re ea e
on c m h k ws
e ore , G d xc pt t h child
e M ys
no no o e e e on ar
’
b s m d th M
o o anp th c ss I D Li ds y s
e an u on e ro . n r . n a
’
a d mi bl ph s Ch ist fills th wh l sph

ra e ra e, f r e o e ere o
God .
” 1
Th s t w sid s th d ity d t h h u m ity w

e e o e , e e an e an , e re
h lde th fus d tog th by Luth with ki d f

or ra er e e er er a n o
p ssi
a Si c
on Cy il w it s H ck
.
“
n t ch
e r ,
”
r e a rn a ,
“
no ea er
h as is i t h Chu ch t wh m t h myst y f t h
ar en n e r , o o e er o e
u ity f t h t w tu s i Ch ist w so d p c sol

n o e o na re n r as ee a on a
ti on .Ch ist d ysm

” 2
M di t
r must by th v y
as a an , a s e a or, e er
c stitu ts f His p s h v st di g g u d b th
on en o er on a e an n -
ro n on o
S id s e bi di g G d d m i u i t y W
, so n n o an an n n . e a re
s v d th ugh s ul u i with Ch ist u i

a e ro p s l
o - n on r , a n on so er on a
an d vit l th t si s b c m His d His p f ct

a a our n e o e an er e
r ight us ss u s ; d this mystic u ity is its lf p ssibl

eo ne o r an n e o e
on ly b c us i Ch ist G d is
e a e with m h d Th
n r o on e an oo . e
d ct i g ws sh p i th s c m t l c t v sy
o r ne ro ar er n e a ra en a on r o er ,
but Luth h d g sp d its imp t l g b f

er a T qu t ra e or on e ore . o o e
th lumi us w ds f P i cip l Dyk s Th t di

e no or o r n a e :
“
e ra
ti l C h ist l gy f t h
on a sch ls which
r o o c ldly h l d o e oo , so o e
a su d t h fi it
n er d i fi it e tu s s i g i th
n e an n n e na re , ee n n e
i c ti
n arn a m th m cl thi g f u ch g bl
on n o ore an a ere o n o n an ea e
D ity with g m t f m t l fl sh t b its m dium

e a ar en O or a e o e e
o f s lf m if st t i
e -c uld an l g s tisfy R t h
e a on , o no on er a . a er
Luth w i th i c ti ( 1) t h tt i m t by God
er sa n e n a rn a on e a a n en
o f wh t H h a lw ys lo g d f i His lov
e as m ly a a n e or n e, na e ,
hum ity His w f m f xist c

an as d ( 2) t h o n or o e en e, an e
c pti by M
re e on f wh t h w md f m ly
an O a e as a e or, na e ,
Divi ity nth v y c t ts of his spi itu l lif ;

as e er on en r a e a
u i i b i f l d Vit l by which t w disp t

n on , n r e ,
rea an a ,
o a ra e,
y te lli d a ki d d e t u s c
or l sc f g d d
n ll re ,
na re oa e e or oo an a
i t
n o on e si gl i divisibl p s lity
n e n e er on a .
” 3
Th b s l ticl of f ith c s ttl d Luth w p

e a a ar e a on e e e ,
er as re
1
H a s t i n gs , D CG i i 8 6 2 . . .
2
D ogmenges ch i ch te ( l t e ii i 6 9 5 . .
3
E xp osi tory Ti mes f or D ec 1 9 0 5 , 10 5 . .
THE P E RS ON OF J ES US C H RI ST
hum lif f J sus Th xp i c f th m wh

an e o e . e e er en e o e an o
fi ds i Ch ist t h s vi g p s c f v y G d is
n n r e a n r e en e o er o , as
H m p t sts
err a nnt much xp ss d c c l d
ro e ,
no SO e re e as on ea e
by t h f mul th t c mbi s Divi

e or tu with t h
a a o ne a ne na re e
hu m tu f J sus
an na This ft ll do s m
re O e .
” 1
,
a er a , e no ore
th p duc th c t t of
an r e ro f t h R f m s m st
e e on en on e o e e or er
’
o
ch ct istic p ss g s Ch ist is t c ll d Ch ist b

a ra er a a e :
“
r no a e r e
c us H h tw tu s Wh t is th t t m ? Th t
a e e as o na re . a a o e a
H is by e tu G d d m is f Hi ms lf But wh t
na re o an an or e . a
g iv s m c mf t d bl ssi g is th t H
e e o or ppli s His an e n a e so a e
O ffi c d p u s f th His l v d b c m s my S vi u
e an o r or o e an e o e a o r
an d R d m ” e ee er .
Th s w thoughts f Ch ist
u ne st uggli g i Luth o r are r n n er
with l d f ms I t ms t t k
O or i st c h sub
. n er , o a e on e n an e, e
sc ib d t t h ld d gm f th i m p s lity f Ch ist s
r e o e O o a o e er on a o r
’
hum tu an but i p i t f f ct h f lt
na re, g ui n o n o a e e no en ne
i t st i th id
n er e d it h d
n ly th f i t st i fl u c
e ea , a n a on e a n e n en e
on his gu m t Wh t h giv s t th w ld L fs
ar en . a e e o e or , as oo
h as xc ll tly m k d is t w d gm tic id s but

e e en re ar e ,
no ne o a ea
ne w ligi us i tuiti s By vit lisi g i v ti h

re o n on . a a n nno a on e
d w t h mi d of wh l g b ck to t h hist ic Ch ist
re e n a o e a e a e or r ,
d cl i g with t m d us p w th t f ith p ss ss s its

e ar n re en o o er a a o e e
p op bj ct sol ly i t h p s f t h c ucifi d d
r er o e e n e er on o e r e an
ex lt d L d S p ssi t ly did h p ch t h u ity

a e or . o a on a e e rea e n
of Ch ist d G d th t
r p ll l h
an t u lly b o , a a ara e as na ra een
p i t d t b tw his iv m d lism d th t whic h

o n e ou e een na e o a an a
w h v disc v
e a d i p i m itiv w it s lik Ig tius
e o e re n r e r er e na .
A d H
n m h d
err s vic by b i gi g t t h
an n as on e a er e r n n ou e
f ct
a ig ific t wh cl s ly sc uti is d th t f Luth
, so S n an en o e r n e ,
a or er
th ight c f ssi f Ch ist s d ity is p ssibl ly f

e r on e on o r
’
e o e on or
d mdm A h puts it quit i L u th s pi it

’
a re ee e an . s e , e n er S r ,
“
wh Ch ist d m s us f m u s lv s th w
en r re G d ee ro o r e e ,
en e se e o
w ki g up
or n i Ch ist s p s on It is t u f
us n r
’
er on .
” 3
r e, o
c u s th t Luth ft f ll b th t h l v l f th s
o r e, a er o en e en ea e e e o e e
gl i us th ughts Th xig ci s f c t v sy t tim s

or o o . e e en e o on ro er a e
s duc d hi m i to l d mist k p ths Th t w

e e n tu O a en a . e o -na re
1 2
Comm u ni on , etc. , 15 1 . S ee E rl a n gen ed i t i on , x i 1. 24 4 .
3
u t sup ra , 16 7 .
AFT E R TH E R E F O RM AT I ON 23 7
d ct i h m p d t h f
o r ne xp ssi f hi mi d Y t
a ere e ree e re on o s n . e
in no thi gw his g t ss n R f m m cl ly as rea n e as a e or er ore ea r
m if st d th i his disc v y f th his t ic

an e e an n re o er o e or
S vi u
a wh od ms i ful m by d wi g th m i t
r, o re ee S n en ra n e n o
u i with His w w d us p s
n on discl s d i th o n on ro e r on as o e n e
N w T st m t
e This p st lic G sp l w
e a t w en . a o o o e as no ne
in ligi but f l g it h d b
re on ,b ish d f m or on a ee n an e ro
th l gy I this m it s f m t h d d O c m
eo o . n an ro e ro e ea n e ore ,
d by cl imi g t v luti is m s c c pti f ’

an a n o re o on e en on e on o our
L d s s vi g w k cl i m d ls t c st uct th i id s
or
’
a n or ,
a e a o o r e on r e r ea
o f His p s A d t this h u t h Chu ch is ccupi d

e r on . n o o r e r o e
wi t h t h p bl m ss ti lly it w st t d by M ti
e ro e e en a as as a e ar n
Luth er .
2 . Th e Luth era n a nd Ref or med Chr i stologi es — Th e

Re f m s lik i G m y d Switz l d h d m d
or er ,
a e n er an an er a n , a a e
it pl i th t th y t k v with ut s v t h th d x
a n a e oo o er o re e r e e or o o
Ch ist l gy f t h
r ci t Chu ch
o o t f th i th o e an en r ,
as se or n e
th ree c ll d E cu m ic l C ds M l chth i d d
so- a e en a ree . e an on n ee
d cl d i f m us s t c H t Ch i t m g
e are ,
n a a o en e n e , oe es r s u co n oscer e,
ben efi ci a ei u s cogn oscer e n on ei u s n a tu r a s , m od es i n cur

n a ti on i s ip g t sugg s ti w
n tu er i ;
t y t th e 1
but re n an e on as n o e
dvlpd
e e o et st t sch l sticism which s t
,
a n d t h e P ro e an o a ro e o
its h ight i th s v t th c tu y w l d i t th
e n e e e n ee n en r as e n o o er
p t hs i th fi st i st c by t h p ssu f s c m t l
a ,
n e r n an e e re re o a ra en a
c t v sy A d y fo m lism t k p ss ssi f t h
on ro er . rear r a oo o e on o e
o ffi ci l vi ws f Ch ist Di l ctic l fi m ts with

a e o r . a e a re ne en ,
mi u t disti cti s i t d d t v il mi ut c c ssi s

n e n on n en e o e n e on e on ,
or t v id t h m gl i g s lf c t dic t i s f t
o a o e ore ar n e - on ra on o oo
o m isci t d u d u t d hyp th s s viv d th i

n en an n a n e o e e , re e e n
t ll t
e l m th ds f t h M iddl Ag s
ec u a d w t fe to o o e e e , an en ar
s t ifl t h f sh d lif givi g i tuiti s f t h R f m

e e re an e- n n on o e e or a
ti on Th m i
. i t st f this i spi i g g
e f a n n e re o un n r n a e, SO ar
as subj ct is c c d li s i t h viv l f th t
our e on e rn e , e n e re a o a
o l d disput t th l ti f G dh d
e d m h d
as o e re a on o o ea an an oo
in Ch ist which h d p v il d b t w
r , Al x d i a re a e e e en e an r a
an d A t i ch N w it c m
n up f shly i
o m di. o a e re , n a o
1
L oci of 1 5 21, I n t rod u c t i on .
23 8 PERSO N OF J ESUS CH RI ST TH E
fi d f m
e b tw t h Luth
or , d th
as R f m d e ee n e eran an e e or e
Chu ch s h vi g b stimul t d i t d t il d xp ssi

r e , a n een a e n o e a e e re on
ra th th i iti t d by div g c f vi w g di g
er an n a e a e r en e o e re a r n
th L d s Supp
e or C subst ti ti
’
d t h ubiquity er . on an a on an e
o f t h B dy e d Bl od of Ch ist w t h
o d i h d d
an o r en an n an ,
an
sh p d th Luth
a e di g f th t w tu d ct i
e era n rea n o e o-n a re o r ne .
At i t h c victi
on e th t t h t l d p xist t
n e on on a e e e rn a an r e -e en
S on h d b c m m a by ssu m i g hum
e o tu i its
e an a n an na re n
en ti ty t h t w C h u ch s di ff d i th i i t p t ti
re ,
e o r e ere n e r n er re a on
o f t h co m p sit u ity thus c

e td o e n r ea e .
Th ffici l Luth
e oCh ist l gy t th cl s f t h
a era n r o o a e o e O e
sixt t h c tu y is t b f u d i t h F mul f C
ee n en r o e o n n e or a o on
c d i 15 7 7 (A t
or o b hi d which l i d m stic c t r . e n e o e on ro
v si s f sc c ly m th p th l gic l i t st It
er e o ar e ore an a o o a n ere .
must b s id th t t h th y f Ch ist s p s h
e a t
a e eor o r
’
er on ere se
f th tt ch s its lf ft t Luth s l st h ppy sug

or a a e e ,
O en , o er
’
ea a
g s ti s d v p t ifi
e on , an d gm s wh t w f his
e en e r es as o a a e re , or
o w nmi d ly m y vivid m t ph s A c mp
n , on SO an e a or . o ro
mis h d t b f u d b tw t h vi ws f B z d
e a o e o n e een e e o re n an
Ch m itz Acc di g t B z th u ity f t h Divi

e n .
1
or n o re n , e n o e ne
hu m p s is such th t f m th e m m t f t h
an er on a ro o en o e
i c ti Ch ist s m h d sh s i t h gl y d
n arn a on r
’
an oo a re n e or an
p w of His d ity H did t

o er u c th f
e . e no ren o n e e u se o
this p w d gl y v
o i t h d ys of His fl sh th ug h
er an or e en n e a e ,
o
for t h m st p t He x cis d it ly i hidd m

o ar e e er e on n a en a n n e r,
an d B z f ls hims lf justifi d i s yi g th t t h livi g

ren ee e e n a n a e n
Ch ist i His m j sty gov d h v

r n d th whil a e ern e ea en an ear e
H y t l y d d i
e e th s pulch
a O th s t msea n e e re . n e e er ou r
L d s h u m ity is ubiquit us i th full st s s

or
’
an o n e e en e .
Ch m itz t h th h d pl ds f wh t is d sig t d
e n , on e o er an , ea or a e na e
t h m lti li p
e u ti i thcopw f bi g p s t t r ce sen a, . e. e o er o e n re en a
will i mult usly i m y pl c s This p w h h lds

S an eo n an a e . o e r, e o ,
re sid s i C h ist s m h d i vi tu f its h vi g b

e n r
’
an oo n r e o a n e en
a bs l t ly su ffus d by t h Divi
o u e tu which v e e ne na re , e er
a ft w ks i with d th ugh t h th
er or n,At th ,
an ro e o er . e
s m ti m th ugh
a e th Ch ist i His hum ity
e, o on ea r r n an
1
w
Bren z w h l wh l Ch m t l d h
as a t t h e h ea d of t he S a bi a n sc oo , i e e ni z e t e
Lo wer S a xon s .
24 0 TH E P E RS ON OF J ESUS CH RI ST
ou t a th y e or u p fit bl d t il Fi st f ll
in ra t h er n ro a e e a . r o a
c m s th
o e i ti e i c ti t h ctu l c mbi ti
un o, or n a rn a on , e a a o na on ,
t h t is t
a y f d i ty
o sa d hu m i t y i
,
o p s ;e an an n on e e r on
an d this is st ictly t Th r p m t sult an ac . e er a n en re , on
th e th o h d is t t t h p p tu l c ju c t i with
er an ,
a s a e, e er e a on n on
mut l p ss ssi f th tw tu s w subsis t i g i

ua o e on O e o na re no n n
th e p s f t h S ; this st t b i g t ch ic lly
on e e r on o e on a e e n e n a
k w no th
n asi p li e It is t th t p t f
un o er son a s
. no a a ar o
th e L g s is u i t d t p t f t h fl sh R th t h
o o n e o a ar o e e . a er e
wh l L g s d t h wh l fl sh f m
o e o o an i diss lubl
e o e e or on e n o e
Lif t h hy p st sis f th m h d which i its lf is

e, e o a o e an oo ,
n e
i m p s l b i g c stitut d
e r on a , e n pl c d by t h p on e or re a e e re
e xist t Divi p s lity S cl s ly j i d d it

en ne er on a . O o e o ne an ,
as
w c xt siv
e re , oe th en tu s th t t h L g s h
e, a re e na re ,
a e o o as n o
e xist c utsid t h fl sh
en e o th e fl sh utsid t h e e ,
n or e e o e e
L g s (L g t t i
o o o os ) Io us h t it i m v
n ca r n e b l . n S or , s no er e er a
or id l ea l t iv u i but
or r e a which is wh lly cip c l
e n on , on e o re ro a
an d p s l Fi lly f m t h p s l u i
er on a . na d th ,
ro e er on a n on , a n e
re sul t i g c mm u i
n omu t u l p m ti n on f tu s or a er ea on o na re ,
th fl ws t h mm i ti i di m t m p culi
e re o e co du n ca o o a u ,
a e ar an
or igi l t t f which pp l w m d t C l 2
na en e or a ea as a e o o
9
.
I n t w w ys it is t u
o a th ,
ci t Chu ch h d t ugh t r e, e an en r a a
a mutu l t sf c f qu lit i s i t h S vi u s p s
a ra n e ren e o a e n e a o r
’
er on .
Fi st qu liti s f ith
r ,
a tu m y b sc i b d t th
e o e er na re a e a r e o e
Divi hu m p s n e- wh it is s id Ch is t is f t h
an er on , a s en a ,
“
r o e
s d f D vid
ee o Th S
a ,
f M is f m h v
or
“
e on o an ro ea en
(g en u s i di m t i m ) ; s
o c dly
a d m ptiv qu li t i s
eu e on ,
re e e a e or
a cti s f t h th th pic p s
on o e wh l m y b
ea n ro er on as a o e a e
a sc ib d t
r e th f t h tu s
o on e or i tho p er o e na re ,
as n e ro
p si t i s Th S f G d w m i f st d t d st y t h
o on ,
“
e on o o as an e e o e ro e
w ks f t h d vil
or O Th
e bl d f J sus cl s s
e ,
or ,
“
e oo o e ean e
f m i (g
ro S n p t l m ti
en u s am) But t h Luth s w t
o e es a cu . e e ra n en
fu t h
r d b c m
er, an sp sibl f wh t w e a e lly re on e or a as re a a
th l gic l i v ti by d fi it ly t chi g th t Divi

eo o a nn o a on , e n e ea n a ne
a t t ibut s m y
r b e p dic t d f t h h um
a e tu re a e o e an na r e,
si c th i
n e e rel t sf c f p p ti s f m t h
s a r ea ra n er en e o ro er e ro e
on e sid t t h th ; t h y xch g s m thing f t h i sub

e o e o er e e an e o e o e r
st c if b y p c ss f d sm sis ( g n m j t ti m)
an e as a ro e o en o o e us a es a eu .
TH E L U TH E RAN CONS T R U CT I ON 24 1
E v en His h u m
in tu Ch ist is lmighty d m i an na re r a an o n
p s t d b sis is thus f u d i st ic tly Ch ist l gic l

re en ,
an a a o n n r r o o a
d ct i f t h t t of t h s c m t l ubiquity
o r ne or e en e e a ra en a , or
m ultip s c f t h S vi u s b dy Th f u th p ssibl
’
re en e, o e a o r o . e o r o e
cl ss f p p siti s ss ti g th c v y c f h u m
a o ro o on ,
a er n e on e an e o an
p p ti s t d ity w su m m ily put sid

ro er e o e ,
as ar a e, no on e
b i g f u d t qu sti t h immut bility f G dh d

e n o n o e on e a o o ea .
1
A littl fl cti is ugh I thi k to p v th t

e re e on en o ,
n ,
ro e a
this d g m tic Luth o Ch ist l gy h swu g u d

a era n r o o as n ro n
ev tu lly i di cti x ctly pp sit to th t i which

en a n a re on e a O o e a n
p im ily it h d s ught t m v F th i spi i g

r ar a o o o e . or e n r n
m tiv f th wh l h d b
o e o p ssi t d si t
e o e a een a a on a e e re o
vi dic t f f ith t h p ss ssi f Divi Ch ist wh m

n a e or a e o e on O a ne r ,
o
‘
w e ca ng sp d hold It w f t h s k f this th t
ra an . as or e a e o a
Luth p t f w d t h stup d us c c pti f hum ity

er u or ar e en o on e on o a an
which is m isci t d lmighty N w i l l p ob bility

o n en an a . o n a r a
Luth s m i d i ffi m i g th t t h m h d c iv d
er
’
n ,
n a r n a e an oo re e e
an d us d t h p p ti s f G dh d w
e e chi fly ccupi d
ro er e o o ea ,
as e o e
with th x lt d Lo d i His is m j sty ; y t

e e a e r n r en a e e
fu thr fl cti w su t sugg st th t if this i t

er re e on as re o e a n er
c mmu ic ti f qu liti s w
o n a f ct d
on ss ti l
o a e as a a , an an e en a
outc m f th p s l u i f th tu s it w
o e o e er on a n on o e na re ,
as
imp ssibl th t it sh uld d t m ly f m t h sc si

o e a o a e ere ro e a en on .
R tha it must b l g t t h
er thly J sus f m t h fi st e on o e ea r e ro e r
m m t f i c ti
o en A d t
o c this v k d t w
n a rn a on . n a on e e o e o
O bj cti s Fi st it might b s id t h G sp ls p s t
e on . r ,
e a , e o e re en
us with such Figu no m wh y t is m isci t re — a an o e o n en
or o m ip s t n th c t y H xhibits th tu l
re en
'
on e on ra r , e e e na ra
an d ccus t m d limit ti s f hum ity

a o T m t this
e a on o an . o ee
difficulty th ld Luth ,
d ivi s t k e s m wh t
o er era n ne oo a o e a
v l li
no e t thne st t s f Ch ist d t h K i
as o e a e
”
o r an e en os s
which Sc iptu d cl s Him t h v u d g

r re Th y e are o a e n e r on e . e
d w sh p disti cti b tw i c ti
re a ar d humili n on e een n a rn a on a n a
ti on Th subj ct f humili ti
. e s lf mptyi g is t
e O a on or e -
e n no
th L g s f i b c mi g m th L g su d d
e o o , or n e o n an e o os rren e re
I 1 hit is i h
at m d K ti h i h i p d
s po nt t at o ern e n ot c t eor es a ve n t er os e
g wh h h wh h i mm ly d b i
,
a s ki n et er t at i bl ic s co on sa i to e n con ce v a e is so
i f
n a ct
24 2 TH E P E RSON OF J ESUS CH RI ST
no thi g of His Divi m j sty Th subj ct f h u mili ti

n ne a e . e e o a on
is t h G d m i sp ct f His hum
e o - an tu ; d f
n re e o an na re an or
Him humili ti c sist d s l ly i this th t whil t i

a on on e o e n ,
a e re a n
i g p ss ssi
n of th eDivi qu liti s c v y d t His
on o e ne a e on e e o
h m ity by its u i with t h L g s H y t m d

u an n on e o o , e e a e
no h bitu l a of th m H usu lly disp s d with th m

a u se e . e a en e e ,
an d o ly t tim s d i d His
n a l p w s fl sh th oug h t h
e rea o er a r e
v ile .
But this tu lly p v k s s c d c iticism

na ra ro o e a e on r .
Ap t f m t h
ar f ct th t t h sch m still imp i s t h
ro e a a e e e a r e
full m h od f th h ist ic Ch ist is th

an o o t f ls
e or r ,
ere n o , on e ee ,
s m thi g cu i usly m ch ic l i
o e n r o c c pti of d ity e an a n a on e on e
an d hum ity d th i an mutu l l ti s which fi st

,
an e r a re a on , r
c mbi s th m bs l t ly i d t s cu
o ne e a p s lo u e n or er o e re a er on a
un ity f lif d th c c ls t h
O e, a n lity f t h c mbi en an e e r ea o e o na
ti l st its ff ct sh uld b t sub m g t h l ss f

on e e e o e o er e e e er o
t h t w u it d f ct s ?
e o Thus Luth
n e d gm sp k f
a or era n o a o e o
th i f t J sus u li g th u iv s but ly s c tly ;

e n an e r n e n er e , on e re
an d b t h t h l di g st t m t
o e d still m
ea if p ssibl
n a e en , an or e o e
th add d
e qu lific ti l v
e imp ssi of b i g
a a on , ea e an re on e n
c mpl t ly li t t h th ught f th N w T st m t
o e e a en o e o o e e e a en .
Fu th i t is d u btful wh th th g l im d t v
r e r, o e er e oa a e a , e en a s
re g ds t h Ato m t c uld lly b tt i d this w y

ar e ne en , o rea e a a ne a .
It w xi m tic i d d th t th bl d f Ch ist h
as a o a n ee a e oo o r as
i fi it xpi t y v lu
n n e e b i g t h lif bl d f t h G d
a or a e, a s e n e e- oo o e o
m ; but if Ch ist i
an d t b c p bl f d th mustr n or er o e a a e o ea
dis g g His hum ity y t c m f m th Divi

en a e an e on e ore ro e ne
p p ti s c f d
ro er e it by i c ti l s i g w
on erre on n a rn a on , oo en n an e
th f m d u i c uld it b s id th t His bl od y
e or e n on , o e a a o an
l g p ss ss d th t i fi it w th which d iv s f m
on er o e e a n n e or er e ro
p s l
er on a ss with t h Divi ? F
on en e w it is t e ne or no no
th G d m
e wh di s b u t
o - hum ity dis g g d f m
an o e ,
a an en a e ro
t h highe u ity er n .
1
If t h L u th s p l g d t h li of Al x d i
e e ra n ro on e e ne e an r an
re fl cti t h R f m d C h ist l gy
e on , e th th h d
e or e r o o , on e o er an ,
m i t i d t h t diti s f A ti ch h ldi g th f mul s

a n a ne e ra on o n o , o n e or a
o f Ch lc d a s c s ct Th Luth
e on as m xim th ya ro a n . e era n a e
1
Cf H a eri n g,
. u t s up r a , 434 .
24 4 TH E P E RS ON OF J ESUS CH RI ST
an mph sis t h t hic l li ty f J sus hum lif

e a on e e a rea o e
’
an e .
B th t
e it m y whil t h Lu t h s h d t ugh t th t
a as a , e e e ra n a a a
t h wh l L g os w
e o e p s t i J s s t h sh p disti cti
o as r e en n e u ,
e ar n on
o f I fi it n d fi it i
n e anth R f m d sch m m d this
n e n e e or e e e a e
imp ssibl It w d cid d th f

o e . th t t h L g s
as e e , e re ore , a e o o ,
t uly p s t i J s s m h d is
r r e en n t h l ss xist
e u
’
t an oo ,
n on e e e e en
o utsid i t t t t e — m w ll t t i
o u s ex r a ea r n e as e as o us n ca r n e
g v i g t h w ld i m ult usly f m di ff t c t
o e rn n e or S a n eo ro a e ren en r e
o f lif d c sci u s ss
e an t sp k f m th t t which
on o ne ,
so o ea ,
ro a a
H dw lt i c
e e t i J sus It is t su p isi g th t
n a rn a e n e .
1
no r r n a
O pp ts sh uld t c h v j i d th t
on en o a th s
on e a e re o n e a on e e
t ms t h
er i c ti w m d f
e n a rn a ff c t i c t h
on as a e O n on e e e , S n e e
l ti f th L g s t J s s w s mbl d th t which
re a on o e o o o e u no re e e a
H b e s t th m lik i d g
ear o o er d i ki d en a e n e ree a n n n .
If t h Luth s h d m d t h
e era n lity f Ch ist s a a e e rea o r
’
hum antu dubi us qu lly tu l w t h ch g

na re o , e a na ra as e ar e
th t R f m d w it s d st y d t h u ity f t h p s
a e or e r er e ro e e n o e er on .
It w gu d th t f th m t h t w tu s p s t i
as ar e a or e e o na re re en n
t h th th pic lif glu d t g th lik t w b ds “ ”

e ea n ro e a re e o e er e o oa r ,
wi t h livi g i t p t ti
no n Th y h d ccus d t h
n er e n e ra on . e a a e e
Lu th s f b i g M physit s
era n O D
e n ti d won o e or oce cs, an no
th y h d t h
e a th ms lv s styl d N st i s d
o ea r e e e e e or a n an
E bi it s on Th e l tiv justic f th s u h ppy i mi

. e re a e e o e e n a recr
na ti s w c t st y t c v ss but t l st w ugh t
on e an n o a o an a ,
a ea e o
no t t miss t h g t ligi us m tiv s p ti g i t h

o e rea re o o e o e ra n n e
e xp ss d c victi s f b th id s If t h Luth s
re e on on o o S e . e era n
h d m d
a ably c c iv d ff t t f m ul t t h
e a no on e e e or o or a e e
t uth th t J sus is Imm

r a u l G d with us t h c c t
e an e ,
o , e on re e
p s c f G d i p f ct m h d t h C lvi ists i
re en e o o n er e an oo , e a n n
Th1
wh m
is is at is ea n t m wh hb y i ll u d ex tra Ca l v i n i st i cu of ic
k w h h h f m
,
L d
u t h e ra n i v i n es s p ea it C an a
p proa c to orror . a l vi n or ul a t es it
w ith h is l Al h
u s ua l c ea r n es s :
“
d f W d t h oug t h e b ou n l ess es sen ce o the or
w as d w h h m
un i t e it p u w h
an d
n a t u re i nt o on e erson , e av e n o i ea of a n y
l
e n c osi n g.T G d d d d m
h e S on l of f mh o es cen e i ra cu ou sl y ro y et
ea v e n ,
w hit bou t h
a an w l d
d on i n g d m
ea v e n as p ea s e t o be con cei v e i rac ul ous l y i n
th e V w m
i rgi n
’
s h o h dhb , to l i v e on d t e ea rt an y et
an
g u p on the cross , a n
f m h b h
,
a l wa ll d
ys fi w d e the orl
( as b ro t e egi n ni n g I n sti tu tes , k i i c a p 1 3
Th
. . . ,
ad w q is vie c an un u e s t i on a b l y a pp ea l t o t h e gen era l t ren d o f
a ncie n t d m d an Ch y e m w l b
i aeva l b d wh h
r i s t ol og , b ut i t ay el e d ou t e et er it
d oes j us t i ce to the reli gi ous i n t e re st s b oun d up wi t h t h e i d ea of i n ca rn a t i on .
S OCI N I AN I S M 24 5
tu p cl i m d l s t uly t h
rn ro a lity f J sus hu m
e no es r e r ea o e
’
an
lif e, ligi us d thic l xp i c s t ivi g t

as a re o an e a e e r en e , r n o
re g d th I c t O
ar eH g d d Hims lf
n a rn a e ne
“
as e re ar e e
as th S f M
e th M on f s ws d cqu i t d
o an , e an o orro an a a n e
wi t h g i f r e .
”
1
Th s t w Ch ist l gi s ff d
e e sy m k t t h
o r o o e o ere an ea ar o e
p l mic f t h S ci i s Th l d f th s th
o e o e o n an . e ea er o e e eo
l gic l i su g ts F ustus S ci us ( 15 3 9
o a n r en h d ,
a o n a
p cl i m d th t if ligi us d ct i s
ro a e t b b li v d
a re o o r ne a re o e e e e ,
t h y must b
e m bl t t h st ict ul s f l gic ; d
e a ena e o e r r e O o an
a cc di gl y h h d d i d t h d ct i f th T i ity
or n e a en e e
'
o r ne o e r n ,
o f th p xist c f Ch ist d f His t w tu s

e re -e en e o r ,
an o o na re .
J sus is m m but H w s t i t th w ld by
e a ere an, e as en n o e or
a b ig t G d d ly th ugh Him
en n an s lv ti b
o ,
an on ro ca n a a on e
s cu d Y t t this m m w d ful thi gs h v

e re . e o ere an on er n a e
h pp d d it is h dly
a en e ,
x gg t i t y th t
an ar an e a e ra on o sa a
S ci us c uld h v cc pt d v y t icl i t h Ap stl s ’

o n o a e a e e e er ar e n e o e
C d F J sus is disti guish d f m l l th m

ree . or e n e ro a o er en
by His bi t h f vi gi by His i l ss ss d by
r o a r n, S n e ne ,
an a
sp ci l b ptism f t h H ly Spi it d wi g H i m wi t h
e a a o e o r ,
en o n
m i cul us p w
ra ; t
o ly but ow d f ther no on s o, as a re ar or e
p f ct b di c f His t hly lif H h b

er e O e en is d
e o ea r e e as een ra e
to h v d c s t i t u t d G d s Vic
ea en an y v t h wh l on e o
’
er o o er e o e
u iv s
n I t his c p city w
er e .
2
xp ssly t ld H ught
n a a , e are e re o , e o
t b w shipp d f
o e t h ugh
or t i Hims lf p ss ss d f
e ,
or, o no n e o e e o
th Divi igh t t w ship sp ci l p m issi h b

e ne r o or , e a er on as ee n
a cc d d t b li v s by G d s cti i g His d ti ;
or e o e e er o an on n a ora on
an d S ci us w t o f t
n h ld th t t h x lt d J sus
en so ar as o o a e e a e e
m ight p p ly b c ll d G d N v t h l ss t th s
ro er e a e o . e er e e o e e
f chi g Ch is t i
a r -r ea ffi m ti s th
n w pp d d
r an a r a on er e e re a en e
th m st si gul
e o g ti s G d i th l st s t is
n ar ne a on . o ,
n e a r e or ,
1
B ruce , u t sup ra , 132 On t h e wh ol e s ub ect j of t h e Lut h era n and
f h
.
Re or me d C r i s t ol ogi es , s ee h i s fi n e ch a p t er
f
.
2 “
E v en t h e c ri t i ca l s p i ri t s of t h e Re or ma t i on p eri od , t h e S oci n i a n
U n i t a ri a n s, m a d e n o rea l h ea d wa y t il l t h ey h a d el ev a t ed th e cr ea t u re ly J e su s ,
by res u rrect i on , to a h ea v en l y world -p a p a cy ( Ka h
l er, A n gewa n d te D ogmen ,
h
T e
y a re t h e cl ea res t i n s t a n c e i n h i s t ory of t h e t h eory w i c hh
a s c ri b es to h
C ri s t 8 geword en e Gotth ei t, a God
. h ea d wh i c h on ce wa s n ot
b ut n ow i s.
THE P E RSON OF J E S S CH RI ST U
n ot p s t p s lly i J sus d His p siti
re en er on a n e , an o on as
gl ifi d d i s s Divi L d
or e an b justifi d
n a ly en e ne or ca n e e on
by sp ci s f wh t w must c ll d ifi ti
a e e o O f ls a e a e ca on . ne ee
th t ith o th d x
a ne h tics w so pl c d t
er r o o n or e re er e a e as o
c mp h d ch th
o re end th t l dy th c diti s
ea o er, an a a r ea e on on
o f t h p bl m we p ssi g i to
ro w ph s
e f whic h
er e a n n a ne a e, o
it m y b th fi l issu s h v t y t m g d This
a e e na e a e no e e er e .
“
S ci i d ct i P f ss Dick Fl m i g h s id sts ”
o n an o r n e, ro e or e n as a , re
on th s m p supp siti s th th d xy f t h d y
e a e re o on as e or o o o e a ,
na m ly th t th sup m d ss ti l ch ct s f d ity
e ,
a e re e an e en a a ra er o e
a re m ip t c m isci c u ch g bl ss ; but by
o n o e n e, o n en e , n an ea en e
a pplyi g this c c pti l gic lly t t h p s f Ch ist

n on e on o a o e er on O r ,
S ci i s mpti d th i Ch ist l gy f
o n an e ll ligi us v lu
e e r r o o o a re o a e .
F oru i wit h G d is t h
n on d f th hum h t ; d o e n ee o e an ea r an
t h d ct i
e f th G d m
o c t dict y it w h ld
r ne O e o -
an , on ra or as a s, e
a t uth f which S ci i ism f u d

r or xp ssi o n an o n no e re on .
” 1
W tu w t th m d
e ph s f t h Ch ist l gic l
rn n o o e o er n a e o e r o o a
qu sti e c stitut d by t w c tu i s f u ti i g
on , as r e on e o en r e o n r n
hist ic l s ch N w qu sti s b gi t b sk d
or a r e ea r . e e on e n o e a e ,
an d w c mbi ti s
ne t f t
o na on se on oo .
1
Ha s ti ngs, D OG 8 67 cf . B ov on , D ogma ti que Ch reti enne,
'
. u . n. 1 51 .
24 8 THE P E RS ON OF J ES US CH RI S T
by th c victi th t wh t v m it is t ll v ts
e on on a ,
a e er ore, a a e en
g ui ly d c m pl t ly hum
en ne an Th p i t f Vi w
o e e an . e o n o e ,
i
n th w ds g du ll y b c m th p t i T h s
o er or ,
ra a e a e an r o ocen r e . e e
a dj ctiv s d i m ply s i us di ff c f pi i
e e n ee no er o e ren e O O n on as
to ul t im t c clusi s ; a e th p c t ic must t b
on on an ro o en r
”
no e
c fus d with hu m i t i
on e It is l ss qu s t i f
“
an ar a n . e a e on o
an at g is m th f d
on F b th id s Ch ist is G d
an o or er . or o S e r o
m if st i th fl sh ; i d d
an e n c t w it h
e e n ee , as a re e n r er as
re m k d m dar e p ccup ti with t h hist ic Ch ist

, o er n r eo a on e or r
ff ct f m ki g t h ld p bl m f His
“
h ash d th a e e e o a n e O ro e o
P s st d t with quit f sh sh p ss f tli ”

er on an ou a e re ar ne o ou ne .
F or it is p cis ly th u iqu h m ch ct istics th

re e e n e u an ara er , e
t sc d t t its d p s l p t si s pl i ly
ra n en en ra an er on a re en on a n ex
h i bi t d i e th c d th t s d us b ck f
n e r e or s bl a en a ,
or rea on a e
e xpl ti f an a d b y d t h p ssibiliti s f
on , a r an mlm e on e o e o n or a an
h d I f p vi usly t h m v m t f Ch istia th ught

oo . re o e o e en o r n o
h d b
a f m b v d w w ds its di c ti w
een ro a o ew o n ar ,
re on as no
i m p c ptibly v s d d w
er e tu l i
re i ductiv
er e ,
an ,
as as n a ra n an n e
a
g c
e, m t ab upw ds
e f mo b l w eA d t h p bl m ar ro e o . n e ro e
c f ti g th m d mi d m y th f b s id t
on ron n e o ern n a , e re or e, e a o
b e: Giv t h f ct t h t J sus is th s t u m p p si g
en e a a e u r e an , ro o n
i d d u h d f cl ims qu lly s p t f m si s
n ee n ea r —O a , e a e a ra e ro n n er
an d disti ct f m s i ts y t n wh t sg ssi g t h
ro a n , e no er e ran re n e
limits f p f ct m h d it m v s wi thi u iqu d

o er e an oo as o e n n e an
i imit bl c diti s wh t is t h l ti b tw this

n a e on on ,
a e re a on e een
Lif i which G d is p s lly p s t d t h i n

e, n o er on a re e n ,
an e n er
b i g f th G dh d ? A d fu th wh t is t h l ti
e n o e o ea n r er, a e re a on ,
in th p s e f Ch ist Hi m s lf b tw
e r on th
o Divi r e , e ee n e ne
c t t f His b i g d t h p cific f m it ssu m d i

on e n o e n ,
an e S e or a e n
Him f p f ctly v li g hum c sci us ss

o a er e re ea n an on o ne
1
R u d this qu sti
o n th t h C h ist l gic l w k f e on , en , e r o o a or o
th m d e s h i t h m i v lv d lth ugh its bit

o e rn as n e a n re o e ,
a o or
h as cc si lly sw g t v y f f m t h c t
o a on a un ou er ar ro e e n re .
D i g t h i t th c tu y v i d but w di g
ur n e n n e ee n en r a ar e re ar n
dbt w t
e a e N t i c th
en
‘
g on f t
. h C pp d ci s o S n e e a e o e a a o an
h as th p s fe L d h ld t h f cus f Ch isti
er on o our or so e e o o r an
th ught i t h i t th c tu y
o as n e n n e e en en r .
1
Cf H a eri n g, D ogma ti k,
. 4 28 .
E I GH T E E NT H CE NT U RY RAT I ON A LI S M 24 9
b ckg u d f t h m d m v m t is fu ish d
Th e a ro n o e o e rn o e en rn e
by t h u i spi d R ti lism of t h A f l la g ROh

e n n re a on a e u c r un . r,
a ch ct is t ic xp t f its t mp d cl s th t
ara er e on e n o e er, e a re a
Ch ist l gy h
r o o pl c i t h syst m f Ch isti
as no a e n e e o r an
d ct i i c w
o r n e, c c d t wi t h
S n e e ligi f
a re on er ne no a re on or
which J sus is bj ct f f i t h but ly wi t h th t which

e o e o a , on a
J sus t ught H c th A f kla g disp s d with

e a . en e e u run en e
Ch is t l gy b c us fi st it h d vi tu lly disp s d wi t h
r o o e a e r a r a en e
f i t h i Ch ist S vi u J sus is i d d th T ch
a n r as a o r
. e n ee e ea er
o f p f ct m lity d th p tt
a er e f ch
ora ct f ll ,
an e a ern O a ra er or a
tim ; b t th is thi g sup tu l b ut Him T

e u e re no n e rn a ra a o . o
c ll Him i y m t physic l s s G d s S is i ti l
a n an e a a en e o
’
on rra on a ,
for His p s lity w t h p duct f tu l gifts di ct d

er on a as e ro O na ra re e
by g t ic will E v K t f il d t t sc d th s
a n en er e . en an a e o ra n en e e
m g c cl si s T him Ch ist w b t t h bst ct

ea re on u on . o r as u e a ra
id f thic l p f cti f m l u ity with G d ; d

ea o e a er e on , o ora n o an
wh t s v s is f ith i this id l t i J s s
a a e a p s n ea ,
no n e u as a e r on .
Chu ch d ct i h s id h c m mitt d t h
r o r n e, e a ,
as o e e e rror
o f pplyi g to J sus pi t h ts d c c pti s which

a n e e e an on e on
r igh tly b l g t th thic l id l f which H is but

e on o e e a ea ,
o e
th symb l Thus f x mpl it is t u th t t h id

e o .
, or e a e, r e a e ea
o f p f c t hu m i t y h
er e h v d b f t h mi d f G d
an as o e re e or e e n o o
f m t h b gi i g d
ro e e ffl nn n f m His b i g ,
an ,
as an e ue n c e ro e n ,
m y v a b d sig t d His S
e en e ; but t e sp k f t hna e on o ea o e
p xist
re -e c f Ch ist
en is myth el gy oT h c cti rf o o . e on n e on o
f i t h wi th hist ic l v ts is pu ly f tui t us d t h
a or a e en re or o ,
an e
ph s hist ic l v l t i
ra e
“
or ly b i t p t d
a re e a on
”
c an on e n er re e as
m i g th t th ugh ut t h c u s f g s t h t l
ea n n a ro o e o r e o a e e e e rn a
t u t hs
r f R s o hv b isi g i t t h cl light
ea on a e een r n n o e ea r
o f k wl dg no This is t t m u t t t h ss t i th t
e e . an a o n o e a er on a
Ch is t h r p m t pl c i t h ligi k w
as no er a n en a e n e re on no n
by His m Th p i cipl of Ch is t i ity d th

na e . e r n e r an an e
p s f Ch ist w disti guish d sh ply

er on o r f m iliere n e ar — a a ar
ph m en o i th
en on sui g c t u y d v n we t en n en r ,
an e en no no
quit bs l t t h ugh it is sy t
e o o e e, t h t it i m pli s
o ea o see a e
th dis pp
e c f t h G sp l f t h N w T st m t
a earan e o e o e o e e e a en .
It impl i s th t J sus is t i
e ay l gi t im te s s th no ,
n an e a e e n e, e
O bj c t f s vi g t ust His sig i fic c f ligi is o ly

e o a n r . n an e or re on n
c su l ch l gic l i di ct O busi ss is s l ly
a a , ron o o a ,
n re . ur ne o e
with t h t i l f ith f which J sus w t h m st

e ra on a a O e as e o
e mi t p ch n en d pi ; d l l t u th b ut G d
rea er an on eer an a r a o o ,
i tu
v r d i mm t lity p cl i m d by H i m m y b
e, an
p or a ro a e a e a
p p i t d
ro d will s v us quit ap t f m
r a e ,
an p s l a e , e ar ro a e r on a
l ti f d p d c
re a on o Ch ist Hims lf W h v t h
e en en e on r e . e a e e
s d d
ee , u s lv s g w th fl w s W sh ll
an ca n o r e e ro e o er . e a see
th t i t h sp ecul tiv m v m t which sp g f m

a n e a e o e en ra n ro
K t th s m p i cipl is g d d
an e xi m tic ;
a e r n e re ar e as a o a as
wh Ficht f x mpl c t ds th t u ity with G d is

en e, or e a e, on e n a n o
th g t m tt but t h p th t it wh lly imm t i l

e rea a e r, e a o o a er a .
If C h ist w t tu t r th H w uld t littl

er e o re rn o ea r e o se e
s t by
ore c g iti f His pl c our R d m re o n
p on o a e as e ee e r, ro
v id d ely C h isti ity its lf w d mi ti g t h mi ds

on r an e ere o na n e n
of m en .
uch f th i t st f this p i d li s i its cl s

M o e n ere o er o e n o e
affi ity wit h

n wid ly sp d t d cy f t h p s t a e rea en en o e re en
d y a R c tly
. p m i t w i t f th dv c d wi g
e en a ro n en r er o e a an e n
d cl d with g v mph sis th t if histo ic l i

e a re ,
ra e e a ,
a r a n
v es t ig ti w t d cid th t J sus h d v liv d

a on e re o e e a e a ne er e ,
h e h uld t
S o ligi us m f l h ims lf s i usly
no as a re o an ee e er o
imp v ish d disc c t d W h v t h id s f t h

o er e or on er e . e a e e ea o e
G sp l d m y gl ct its f cts B t if
o e ,
an p s l
a ne e a . u our e r on a
l ti t Ch ist
re a on b li v s is put i b y c
o r , as e e er ,
n a e an e as
an ill gitim t d u sci tific p judic th b it i

e a e an n en re e, en , e n
th e ight t h c tu y t d y pu ly hist ic i v sti

e een en r or o- a ,
re or n e
g tai will
on yi ld c c pti f His tu which
e livi g a on e on o na re n
f ith v
a cc pt
ne It is
er m ccid t
can a e .
“
no e re a en ,
”
Ri t h l sc c bs v d th t t h subv si
on e f J sus
o er e ,
“
a e er on o e
’
religi us i m p t c h b
o tt mpt d u d t h guis
or a n e as een a e e n er e e
f w iti g His lif

” 1
o r n e .
. vi w f th situ ti
2 Sch lei er ma ch er —
I t wa s i n e o e a on
jus t d sc ib d th t F i d ic h Schl i m ch
e r dd ss d
e a r e r e er a er a re e
hi ms lf t th p bl m f Ch istol gy His qu lific ti s

e o e ro e o r o . a a on
f
or th t sk w u iv ll d Ap t f m sub s il f
e a ere nr a e . ar ro a - o o
w m M vi pi ty d f v t l v f J sus his
ar or a an e ,
an o re eren o e or e ,
1
J ustifi ca ti on a nd Recon ci l i a ti on ( E n g . 3 .
Re d m ee A d p g ss will c sist
er . t i n s p ti g ro re on , no n e a ra n
f m H i m but i v
ro ssimil ti g His w k m
,
n e er a a n or or e
c m pl t ly
o e e .
This p siti is d f d d by o gum t which

on e en e an ar en ,
a t l st i eai t ti is pu ly xp im t l H
n n en on , re e er en a . er e as
a lw ys h mi ds us t h p i t f d p tu is t h
a , e re n ,
e o n o e ar re e
Ch isti m i d d
r an p bl m t k s this f m W h
n ,
an ou r ro e a e or : o
an d wh t m ust Ch ist h v a b t xpl i th st t r a e ee n , o e a n e a e
of d m d s ul ? W h t
a re ee th di m si s f His
e o a a re e en on o
b i g if H is t h suffi ci t s f th s lv ti w
e n , e e en r ea on o e a a on e
no w j y ? It is u d i bl th t th is giv t us
en o n en a e a er e en o , as
Ch isti s c ti u us i vig ti f th s s f G d
r an , a on n o n ora on o e en e o o
which is cc mp i d by isi g c sci us ss f bliss

a o an e a r n on o ne o
an d f vict y o v th w ld This xp i c f
or o er e or . e e r en e o re
d m pti which c t h v b g
e on , t d ccid t lly an n o a e een en e ra e a en a ,
an d which is f u d ly withi t h Ch is t i Chu ch o n on n e r an r ,
must h v c us c p bl f p d uci g it Thus g i g

a e a a e a a e o ro n .
,
o n
b ck by i f c f m t h p cific lly Ch isti

a n e ren e ro e S e a r an con
i
sc ou sn ess t H i m wh v k d it f m ff ct t c us
o o e o e , ro e e o a e,
w e bl t d t m i t h qu lity f J sus p s
a re a e o e er ne e a o e
’
er on .
1
H e is t h livi g d s lf c mm u ic tiv S vi u t h
e n an e -
o n a e a o r, e
i xh us t ibl f u t d
ne a ti Type f w lif
o n d an cr ea ve e o ne e an
f d m c v y d t ll wh t us t Him F m Him
re e o on e e o a o r . ro
fl ws st m f vit l d vit lisi g p w

o a rea o a an a n o er .
O th b sis f th s xp i t i l f cts w thy

n e a o e e e e r en a a a or
d ct i l sup st uctu m y b is d If Ch ist

o r na er r re a e ra e . r re
d ms m i t must b i Vi tu f d mptiv f c s
ee an e n r e o re e e or e
re sid t i His tu ; if withi t h C h is t i Chu ch

en n na re ,
n e r an r ,
ou r
re ligi us s s o p g ssiv ly t iumphi g v

en e IS lw ro re e r n o er ou r o er
i m puls s it is b c us th t t iumph w
e ,
lis d i J sus
e a e a r as re a e n e
a bs lut ly His c sci us ss f G d w such th t it is

o e . on o ne o o as a
p p ly d sc ib d
ro er u iqu p s c f G d i Him
e r e as a n e re en e o o n ,
an or igi l t c f t h Divi i t hum lif I

na en ra n e o e ne n o an e . n
this m di fi d s s Schl i m ch cc p ts th ccl si s

o e en e, e er a er a e e e e a
Th1
i eol o h
g a n s , of m by b l
cour se , u se t is ar
gu en t I n s t i n ct , ut n o on e e s e
i w h S W h ’
h as m l
e p oy ed t itma chl ei er d
ch e r s an t e n a ci t y h et e r i t
cl ea rn ess
h
.
oug t t o ra n k m n
a s p ri ar
y q i J H
s a ot h e r i u es t i on S k r n e gi v es a n . . .
a t t ra ct i v e mod ern s t at em en t of t h e p r i nc i p l e, Cr eed a nd the Creed s, 1 6 7 ff .

TH E S I N LE SS N E S S OF J E S US 25 3
tic l doct i
a f i c tir ne A d i th t d ct i
o n a rn a on .
'
n n a o r ne
h e s l c t s f p culi ly w m d i t s d v ti th
e e or e ar ar an n en e e o on e
i l ss ss f J sus J sus w p f c t ly d bs lut ly

S n e ne o e . e as er e an a o e
h lyo . N t h ly h w v“
with
o h li ss m ly
o , o e er , a o ne er e
a cqui d ( which w uld h v m d Him but m d l d

re o a e a e a o e , an a
m d l i c p bl f ff cti g m s d mpti ) but with

o e n a a e O e e n an
’
re e on ,
a h li ss cqui d
o ne th c s v d
a th
re b sis
— or ra er on er e —
on e a
o f i h t h li ss ( ly this l st giv s Him th

n e re n o ne on a e e
c tiv p w f typ ) This bs lut

rea e o er od p im ya e . a o e an r ar
p f c t i f J sus is imply th c m pl t d p p tu l
er e on o e S e o e e an er e a
t iumph i Him f t h G d c sci us ss v t h s s

r n o e o - on o ne o er e en e
c sci us ss Thus it xclud s lik v y m l f ult

on o ne . e e a e e er ora a
d v y ligi us d c stitut s His divi ity

”
1
an e er re o e rror, a n on e n .
A t h A ch typ l M
S e ( U bi ld ) H is
r e p f ct u i
a an r e a er e n on
o f th hist ic l i dividu l d t h id l p s lity

e or a n a an e ea er on a ,
c w i g t h c ti f
ro n n c Hi m s lf c t i g
e rea w
on o our ra e , e rea n a ne
ra c d t m i d i p s l lif
e, e er H
ne w by G d
n er on a e, as e as, o .
Typ d hist y c i cid i J sus ; l l th t is hist ic

e an or o n e n e a a or
is typic l d l l th t is typic l h b c m hist ic

a , an a a a as e o e or .
Schl i m ch is ls c vi c d th t t h dv t
e er a er a o on n e a e a en
o f this u iqu d ch typ l Figu c t b

n e an ar e a re a nn o e ex
pl i d
a ne th p i cipl f u if mity by His hum
,
on e r n e o n or , an
mi l i euR th . it is d t c tiv Divi

a er t ; it is ue o a re a e ne ac
a st m isi g f m t h d p st f u t f ll spi itu l

rea r n ro e ee e o n o a r a
lif e— s c d Divi c ti
a e on it m y b c ll d ne rea on , as a e a e ,
which c mpl t s t h fi st th ugh t sc di g it b c us

o e e e r ,
o ra n en n ,
e a e
it f m s p t f t h s m igi l Divi id
or ar o Thus e a e or na ne ea .
th epp a c f Ch ist i
eara n w ld is p sitiv ly
e o r n ou r or o e
m i cul us ( i
ra w d b
o E h i c neg) Al t h ugh t hun er a r e r sc e n u n . o e
Vi gi Bi th is j ct d
r n rsup tu l c c p t i is re e e ,
a e rn a ra on e on
s t gly ffi m d i t h pi itu l s s t h t t h p w s
r on a r e n e S r a en e a e o er
o f th c w u qu l t t h t k f p duci g
e ra e ere ne a o e as o ro n
this u p ll l d Lif O t h t h h d it h b
n a ra e e e . n e o er an , as ee n
m i t i d th t f Schl i m ch t h b i g f
a n a ne a or e er a er e e n o ou r
L d is sup tu l ly i
or l tiv s s i smuch
ern a ra on n a re a e en e, na
as th sid t p w s f hum
e re entu th c ptivi ty
o er o an na re , e re e
o f m
.
f G d c sci us ss i
an or p f ct m su is
o - on o ne n er e ea r e,
G mm l E d d
1
a st on M Fro f e , tu es e Th eologi e od er n e, 17 2 .
re g dd ar th e s c d d qu lly imp t t f ct
as e e on an e a or an a or
i
n His igi This h w v is
or bj cti which
n .
1
, o e er, an o e on
it is sc c ly p ssibl t sust i xc pt
ar e g u ds o e o a n e e on ro n
which w uld i v lv d i l f th thic l ffi iti s f

o n o e a en a o e e a a n e O
G d o d m an T h is m j ustic i t h c iticism
an . e re ore e n e r
which p i ts t t h g v dimi uti

o n f t h c t ts f N w
o e ra e n on o e on en o e
T st m t f ith i Schl i m ch s c t g ic l ss ti
e a en a n e er a er
’
a e or a a er on
th t t h su cti
a e d sc si
re w ll th p
rre on an a en on , as e as e re
dicti of Ch is t s t u t judgm t f m
on r l p t ’
re rn o en ,
or n o rea ar
o f t h d ct i e f His p s
o r ne o er on
Ap t f m t h supar tu l ch ct thus g
ro lly e ern a ra a ra er en era
p dic t d f J sus igi His tu w p cis ly simil

re a e o e
’
or n, na re as re e ar
to o ru s d u d w t p cis ly simil d v l p m t
,
an n er en a re e ar e e o en .
A light is c st Schl i m ch s d ply Ch isti ’

a on e er a er ee r an
c c pti f t h S vi u by his mystic l vi w f His

on e on o e a o r a e o
re d mi g w k which w m y t dw ll Its c di l
ee n or ,
on e a no e . ar na
id is th t f Vit l u i with Ch ist It is by t ki g

ea a o a n on r . a n
us up i t t h gi s f His G d c sci us ss d
n o e e n er e o o - on o ne an
t h f ll wship f His p f ct bl ss d e ss th t H
e e o o co cil s er e e e n a e re n e
an d s v s a e .
Th i flu c f this g t thi k i l di g
e n en e o re a n er n ea n
Ch i t l gi
r s o o t st t f m p s t xp i c of
an s o ar ro a r e en e er en e
th e w lif ne im m di t ly d p d t e J sus w as e a e e en en on e as
cl s ly ki t th t f t h R f m s d its d pt h
o e a n o a o e e or er ,
an e
an d v lu asc c ly b v s t i m t d If
e ca n so ar e e o ere a e .
, as
o ft h pp s h hi m s lf g i d l ss th might h v
en a en , e e a ne e an a e
b h p d f m t h w p i t f Vi w d f il d to
een o e ro e ne o n o e ,
an a e
s t isfy s m d p Ch isti i sti cts this w wi g

a o e ee r an n n ,
as o n
to d f cts i h t i h i th tic ti
e e n f wh t e ren n s e or e no on o a
s lv ti is Its l ti t th w ld t much p
a a on . re a on o e or oo re
d mi t s R d m d m
o na e . m lib t d f m t h
e ee e en a re en era e ro e
o pp ssi f fi i t c us s d d p d t s l ly
re on o th n e a e ,
an e en en o e on e
A bs lut oC us lity th th f g iv si s livi g

e a a ,
ra er an or en n n er ,
n
i f l l wship with G d t h F th
n e o Th id of ligi o e a er . e ea re on
p s t i th R d still p sis t s Thus whil Schl i

re en n e e en er .
, e e er
m ch ss ts
a er a m mph tic lly th c t l
er — no on e or e e a a —
e en ra
1
Cf . Mul er t S ch l ei er ma ch ers
, gesch i ch tsp h i l osop h i seh e A ns i chten , 66 ii .
,
ma y b e summ d up i th st t m t fi st th t h p e n e a e en ,
r , a e ro
cl im d th dv t f Ch ist
a e e sup tu l i t e
a en o r as a e rn a ra n r
p siti
o d mi g d Divi ; s c dly h c m
on , re ee n an ne e on , e on e or e
pl c d th figu f J sus t t h c t of His w ligi

a e e re o e a e en re o n re on .
T m O b d i th R ti lism f t h ight th c tu y
en re n e a on a o e e een en r
this c m a v l ti lif f m t h d d It p d
e a s a re e a on , as e ro e ea . o en e
to th m ew w ld Ch ist th f cus of Ch is t i ity

a ne or . r e o r an
th w tchw d w
e av f g tt A d Schl i
or as ne er or o en . n e er
m ch s w th lips f m which it p l d f th with

a er
’
er e e ro ea e or
t h p su si
e er ch m i mp t d t it by g t p s lity
a ve ar ar e o a re a er on a .
I n th wo ds wit h which D F i b i cl s s fi ly
e r r . a r a rn o e a ne
j u dici us stim t
o I his ligi us syst m J sus h ld
e a e :
“
n re o e e e
th e s m pl ca G d h eld i t h p ctic l syst m

e a e asf o n e ra a e o
K t ; i th
an cs Gd w
n ec ssity to th
on e a e o as a ne e e con
sci c i th th J sus w
en e , n c ssity to th
e o er e as a ne e e c on
i
s c ou sn ess ; but whil th f m h d ll th s v ity f e e or er a a e e er o
an i fl xibl mo l l w th l tt h d ll t h b uty d
n e e ra a , e a er a a e ea an
l l th g c of t h R d m d S vi u f m ki d
”
a e ra e e e ee er a n a o r o an n .
3 . p i t f sp cul ti
H egel and hi s School — In o n o e a on
H g l d Schl i m ch
e e an c t st d d tip th tic e er a er a re on ra e an an a e
typ s ; y t it w uld b sy t p v
e e cl s l ti o e ea o ro e a o e re a on
b tw th i c c pti s f t h ss c f ligi
e een e r B th
on e on o e e en e o re on . o
in f ct p s t vi w f lif d th w ld i h it d
a re re e n a e O e an e or n er e
f om G th
r W h s f th xp siti of this
oe e . e rea or e e o on
r om ticism an it m y b styl d Schl i m ch ch s

,
as a e e , e er a er o e
t ms f f li g H g l c st u d it i t h s v
er o ee n ,
e e on r e n e e er e r
c t g i s of pu th ught T ki g p i
a e or e high re o . a n u n a er
s s t h t diti
en e f ight t h c tu y R ti lism
e ra on o e e en - en r a on a ,
a cc di g t which Ch isti ity is d ct i h w lc m d

or n o r an o r n e, e e o e
t h Ch ist l gic l d g m
e r mb dyi g t h t u phil s ph y
o o a o a as e o n e r e o o
u d t h f ms f im gi tiv i tuiti
n er e or d s tti g f th o a na e n on , a n e n or
th t l gic l u ity f G d d m which phil s phy

e on o o a n o o an an, o o
d fi s by id s i t h music d po t y of t h h t
e ne ea ,
n e an e r e ea r .
M h h ld is fi it spi it
an , e d u ltim t ly id tic l
e ,
n e r , an a e en a as
S uch with I fi it Spi it ; t o ly but cc di g t

n n e r no n s o, ,
a or n o
th f i st x g sis f H g l s w ds it is i t h fi it
e a re e e e o e e
’
or ,
n e n e
spi it th t t h Abs lut

r G d fi st
a tt i s t s lf
e o e, or o , r a a n o e
C H RI S T OLOG Y I N H E GE L 25 7
c sci us ss Hist y is G d s s lf lis ti i

on o ne . d or o
’
e -re a a on n an
th r ugh t h p oc ss s f hum xp i c ; i y t mo
o e r e e o an e er en e n e re
g en eral t ms li t y is d fi bl
er th v luti of
,
r ea e na e as e e o on
Abs lut R s o m di t d by tu
e ea ond hist y Th e a e na re an or . ere
is nom l fty t uth th th t G d d m so f

or e o r an a o an an, ar
f m b i g disp t i ss c
ro e n ti l d i t i sic ar a e n e e n e , a re a ra on a an n r n
u ity R ligi i f io t phil s phy

n . e on ,xp t n er r o o o as an e on en
o f this u ity still d s its b st t g t it xp ss d

n , d oe e o e e re e , an
i
n pict i l f shi t h thi g is cc mplish d i th
or a a on e n a o e n e
e ccl si stic l d g m f t h G d m
e a a o a o e o - an .
O th s t ms H g l h w d hims lf m th
n e e er e e S o e e ore an
rea dy t m i t i f i dly l t i s with t h Chu ch s

o a n a n r en re a on e r
’
c d H w his w y t p u t s u ch m i g u p
re e . e sa a o a ea n n on
d ct i s lik
o r ne L d s d ity t m t
e w uld
our or
’
e or a on e en as o
a d m it th m t imp t t d v
e ss ti l pl c
o an or an an e en an e en a a e
i
n his high ly p cul tiv c st u cti Of cou s S the a e on r on . r e e re
w as a p ic to p y Th sig ific c f th hist ic J sus

r e a . e n an e o e or e
h as b misc c iv d d
e en djustm t is ss ti l on e e , an r ea en e en a .
Wh t t h Ch u ch p dic t s of Him is p p ly symb l ;

a e r re a e ,
ro er ,
a o
but symb l of v st m t physic l id

a o It is th gh a a e a a ea . r ou
its i d th t f ith i t h G d m h d h
a a a is d n e o - an oo as ar en , an
t h w ld b
e d u c t d t p c iv t h t uth f ci l
or een e a e o er e e e r o ra a or
u iv s l i c ti cc di g t which th lif f m
n er a n a rn a on , a or n o e e o an
is G d s lif i th f m f tim
o
’
e d t h Divi n d e or o e, an e ne an
hum tu s b i g l t d u iv s l d p ticul
a n na re ,
e n re a e as n er a an ar a r,
rea lis th ms lv s ly i o g ic u ity wit h ch

e e e e on n r an n ea
o th Th
er d th su cti
. ed x lt ti f J sus
ea ,
re rre on , an e a a on o e
a re g d pictu s f t l gic l id s ; th y p k t
ra n re o on o o a ea e S ea o
us f t h f ct th t m vi w d m ly i his li t
o e a a an , e e ere n a en a
i g fi it d
n is t h p y f g ti
n u e, d diss luti e re o ne a on an o on ,
wh s if vis g d i h i p p u ity with t h I fi it

ere a en a e n s ro er n e n n e
h t k s high
e a k i th t t l p oc ss f t h w ld
e ran n e o a r e o e or .
This ss ti l u ity m u st b p s t d t th c sci us

e en a n e re e n e o e on o
ne ss i t p t d to t h xp i c f m by m if st
or n er re e e e e r en e o an a an e
f ct s su us lity i d th t h m y th ugh
a or en o rea n or er a e a ro
k wl dg tt i t u i
no e e I th w ds i d t
a a n o n on . n o er or , n or er o
s v m f m his st t f divisi
a e an ro d st g m t a e o on an e ra n e en ,
G d must i bj ctiv m t this mpi ic l ’

o n an o e e an n er e n er e r a
I 7
or s su us p s t m s qu l f ll w d S c us
en o r e en as an
’
e a or e o ,
an O a e
it t pp o a d pp c is lw ys f
ea r— an th d a ea ra n e a a or ano e r, a n
th e o th is h t h Chu ch t h s ci ty f f ith th t
er e re e r or e o e o a — a
t h Divi
e d t h hum n e an tu s t i th ms lv s
e an na re a re no n e e e
di ff t but lly lik ki bl t b i t h

er e n ,
rea ity a e, a n, a e o e n e un
o f p s
a At t i m
er on i d d it s ms if H g l s
.
” 1
es, n ee ,
ee as e e
’
a t t itud t t h Chu ch d ct i
e ow g ui ly p si tiv ;
e r o r ne ere en ne o e
y et t h p g ss
e f t h discussi ro u f ili
re gly b i gsO t e on n a n r n ou
t h f ct th t h w
e a much l ss i t st d i J sus th
a e as e n ere e n e an
in wh t w b li v d b ut Him A d th s b l i fs
a as e e e a o . n e e e e
a re but m s st mm i g u tt c f m t physic l an
’
a er n era n e o e a a
th m s Hum hist y is t h p c ss f G d s
e ore . an or e ro e o o
’
b c mi g t h s lf u f ldi g f R s u d c diti s
e o n , e e - n o n o e a on n er on on
o f sp c d tim ;
a e d i this s s but
an th the an n en e, no o e r, e
W d b c m fl sh d dw lt m g us Th hist y f
or e a e e an e a on .
“
e or o
Ch ist is th visibl c cili ti b tw m

r e d th e r e on a on e ee n an an e
t l With t h d th f Ch ist this u i c si g t

e er n a . e ea o r n on , ea n o
b e a f ct b c m s vit l id t h Spi it f G d which

a ,
e o e a a ea — e r o o
dw lls i th Ch isti c mmu ity

e n e It is f m this r an o n .
” 2
ro
S id th t H g l c t m pl t s t h d ct i f th T i ity
e a e e on e a e e o r ne o e r n .
Th S e f G d is t h fi it w ld
on o f tu o d m e n e or o na re an an ,
which is st g d f m its F th e d must b

ra n e gi ro a e r, an e a a n
re su m d i t ss ti l h m y
e n o e en a ar on .
I t w uld b u f i t o y th t i this sch me J sus

n a ris o sa a n e e e
d p iv d f ll i m p t c f H is h ld t h v b
e r e o a or a n e, or e e o a e een
t h fi st t
e r lis t h g t p cul tiv p i cipl f which
o r ea e e re a S e a e r n e or
th eCh isti ligi st ds If t Hims lf th G d

r an re on an . no e e o
m an , H fi st p c iv d th t G d
e r d m er e Thus e a o an a n a re on e .
f ar H g l t sc d d t h u hist ic l iv et e f t h
e e ran en e e n or a na o e
e ight th c tu y But i t is cl th t p t f m this

ee n en r . ear a , a ar ro
c su l ch l gic l l ti ship Ch is t i d ct i i its

a a ron o o a re a on ,
r an o r n e, n
re vis d d subli m t d f m h
e an l g y p ticul a e or ,
as no on er a n ar ar
c cti with t h hist ic Ch ist Ch is t i i ty c iv s

on n e on e or r . r an re e e
a bs lut o k but t t h c st f its t i with hist y

e ra n ,
a e o o e or .
F or ly th w ld p c ss
on wh l e d i gl
or - ro e as a o e, an no S n e
pi to n p s i itor b th t u
e r on m i f s t ti n , can e e r e an e a on
1
F a i rb a i rn , Ch r i st i n Mod er n Th eol ogy , 220 .
1
W W a l l ace
.
,
E n cy cl op aed i a B r i ta n n i ca , a rt . H egel .
Th e id
th t i hum ity w
ea Ch ist s id Ros
a n an e see r , a en
k z c iv s i t full t u t h ly t h gh t h m di ti
ra n ,
“
re e e s r on r ou e e a on
f G d s bs lut i c ti i t h p s f J sus But

’ ” "
O o a o e n a rn a on n e er on o e .
M h i k
ar e ne viv d t h m st s t d cy t substitut
e re e e a er
’
en en o e
“
h um ity f
an C h ist i l l p p si t i s ss t d by
or r n a ro o on a er e
t h Chu ch f h L d I t h Asc si h w it s
”
e r o er or . n e en on , e r e ,
w t ught th t ligi o igi t i g it d s i G d

e a re a a re on , r na n as oe n o ,
h as bidi g pl c h
no a th but c ss ily d
n a e er e on ea r ,
ne e ar an
t lly tu s g i wh c it t k its is E id t ly
e ern a re rn a a n en e oo r e . v en
this is m d f th ught l dy t mbli g t h v g

a o e o o a re a re n on e er e
o f R ti
a lism h dly disti guish bl f m th t ld
a on a ar n a e ro a O er
typ which H g l h d li p u d his i dig t sco

e on e e a ea r er o re n nan rn .
S oon er l t th s m or w bu d t p k t
a er, en , o e on e as o n o S ea ou ,
an d xp s t h e holl w d p c i u s lli c which h d

o e e o an re a r o a an e a
b p cl im d b tw t h Ch i sti f ith d di l c t ic
e en ro a e e e en e r an a an a e
p th ism Th w d which b k t h sp ll c m f m
an e . e or ro e e e a e ro
S t uss
ra .
Acc di g t St uss t h or c iv d G sp l hist y is

n o ra e re e e o e or
i th
n mi e c ll c t i f myths g du lly ccumul t d
a n a o e on o ra a a a e
i
n th ly Ch isti s ci ty
e ea r w th t th r an o e ,
a r ea se on e
M st s b w by v t d l vi g f cy Littl f
’
a er ro re e r en an o n an . e o a
hist ic l ki d is sc t i bl b ut J sus Him s lf d

or a n a er a n a e a o e e ,
an
th t littl is i
a y c se t t lly i c p b l fnsust i i
an g a e o a n a a e O a n n
t h w ight f Ch ist l gic l d g m

e e o I p i t f f ct t
r o o a o a . n o n o a ,
no
sci tific th ught but ligi us im gi ti is sp sibl

en o re o a na on re on e
for th id tifyi g f Divi hum ity with t h p s

e en n o a ne an e er on
o f J sus ; f e whil J sus w u qu sti bly th pi

or e e as n e on a e on ee r
wh fi st g sp d t h th ught th t d ity
o r ra d hum ity
e e o a e an an
a re i ss cn e y t t h Ch ist f f ith ( by whic h is

en e on e, e e r O a
m t t t h hist ic ctu lity f i c t i but t h

ean no e or a a o n a rn a on e
a bst ct ti ) is i
ra s s c i cid t with y sp ci fic
no on n no en e o n en an e
i dividu l I w ds th t s b c m f m us S t uss
n a . n or a oon e a e a o , ra
d cl d th t t h Id l v s t t p u l l its ful ss
e are a
“
e ea o e no o o r a ne
i t
n o on e x m pl i j l usy t w ds ll th st O ly
e a e, n ea o o ar a e re . n
th e c sw s t t h Id
ra e an Wh t w m t f
er o e ea .
” 1
a as ea n or
m ki d must t b
an n w d i t m p ly no e n a rro e n o a on o o .
I pi t f th s b v w ds St uss f lt hims lf
n S e o e e ra e or ,
ra e e
1
L eben J esu 7 Th f m m d f d i mp 14 . is or ul a h as a e a p ro oun res si on .
S T RA U SS ’
L E BE N J E S U 61
c mp ll d by th c i tics f his L b J to m k l g
o e e e r o e en esu a e ar e
c c ssio s i g d t th c tiv p w f t h hist ic

on e n n re ar o e rea e o er o e or
p s whom w m J sus Ch ist If h h d t d d

e r on e na e e r e a en e
m th th
.
p vi sly to c t mpl t Him

re ou on e a e as no or e an e
v hicl of
e id s m thi g f J sus ctu l g t ss
e an ea , o e n o e
’
a a rea n e
no w s m d t b k
ee him e t l st t mp ily ; d
o rea on , a ea e ora r an
h ec mmits hi ms lf to t h st t m t th t i ligi
o e e a e en a n re on
Ch ist is t m ly u su p ss d but u su p ss bl
r no e re n r a e n r a a e, SO
th t w h v
a pti but t g d H i m i f ct
e a e no o on o re ar as n a
t h fou d
e f t h Ch isti
n ligi
er o G t p s liti s e r a n re on . r ea e r on a e
st d t th s u c f ll w ligi us p chs ;
an a e o r e o a ne re o e o ca n
Ch isti ity b
r an xc pti ? Th s dmissi s m y e an e e on e e a on a
st ik us p h ps g udgi g d u i m p t t ; b u t
r e ,
er a , as r n an n or a n ,
as
F ut m ks wh t is i t sti g i this c f ssi is

a re ar ,
“
a n er e n n on e on ,
fi st t h gum t f om ff ct t c us which h d b
r , e ar en r e e o a e, a een
d cisiv f Schl i m ch s Ch ist l gy d xt th

e e or e er a er
’
r o o ,
an ne e
a ck wl dg m t th t p s
no e t id must h v
en a a er on , no an ea , a e
b th s u c f Ch isti ity But v this dmissi

een e o r e o r an .
”
e en a on
w as w g f m St uss t t h sw d s p i t ; d h
run ro ra a e or
’
o n an e
f ll w d it up with xpl ti s which cl ly p v d if

o o e e an a on e ar ro e ,
p fwroo d d th t h w still f
e re n ee v f me ,
a e as as ar as e er ro
t h Ch isti
e ttitud t J sus
r an a e o e .
Th ugh w o l g b li v i J sus h e can no on er e e e n e , e
c ti u s it is vit lly imp t t th t w sh uld t i

on n e ,
a or an a e o re a n
th Ch is t l gic l d g m p vid d ly w xpl i

e r o o a o a, ro e on e e a n
to u s lv s c fully wh t it m s W thl ss f
O r e e a re a ean . or e or
hist y it h ll t h g t v lu f p cul ti
or ,
as a Thus e rea e r a e or S e a on .
m y it ms i
an th g sp l
e tiv t h sup tu l
n e o e n a rra e — e e rn a ra
bi th f J sus His m i cl s His su cti

r o e , d sc si ra e ,
re rr e on a n a en on
mi
-r e t lly v lid t uths Th y m i i th
a n as e ern a a r . e re a n, n o er
w ds tim l ss symb ls f m t physic l id

or ,
as e e C o O a e a a ea . on
i d
ce v e i i dividu l G d m t h t t ibut s d
as n an n a , a o - an , e a r e an
fu cti s which Chu ch d ct i sc ib s t Ch ist

n on r o r ne a r e o r a re
mutu lly c t dict y ; i t h id f t h c th y

a on ra or n e ea o e ra e e
h m is
ar on Hum ity is t h u i
e .
” “
f tw tu s an e n on o o na re ,
th i c t G d t h I fi it Spi i t duci g its lf t

e n a rn a e o , e n n e r re n e o
fi it m su s d th fi i t Spi it c lli g its i fi ity

,
n e ea re ,
an e n e r re a n n n .
H u m ity is t h child f t h visibl m th

an d th e o e e o er an e
i visibl Spi it ; it is th Si l ss O i s m uch its

n e r e n e n e, na as
e v luti st y is with ut p t
o on - bl m ish d t h
or o S o or e , an e
impu ity th t lw ys cli gs m ly to th i dividu l is

r a a a n ere e n a
subl t d i t h c
a e d its c n Hu m ity is the ra e an ar eer . an e
D yi g O wh is s g i
n d sc ds to h v
ne o i s r e a a n an a en ea en , na
much it d ws v high lif f m th g ti f

as ra an e e r- er e ro e ne a on o
its tu l xist c
na Ch isti ity i b i f is t h fi l
ra e en e .
” 1
r an ,
n r e , e na
re fut ti f l l du lism t h p f ct xp ssi of pu

a on o a a , e er e e re on re
m istic imm c M vi g lw ys withi th id l

on a n en e . o n a a n e ea
w ld it is sup i t hist y
or , er or o or .
Th ly thi g to b d with m st of this is t

e on n e on e o o
d y it fi mly It ught t b cl by this tim th t

en r . o o e ear e a
th p p s d id tific t i f t h Ch isti f ith with t h

e ro o e en a on O e r an a e
o t l gic l th y th t G d d m
n o o a eor G d th a o an an are on e— o e
e ss c f m m t h ct lity f G d is
en e O an , u tt ly an e a ua o o —
an er
h p l ss t p is whic h t h sci tific hist i c t

o e e en e r r e, e en or a n an n o
t k s i usly F it c flicts with t h l m t y f ct

a e er o . or on e e e en a r a
th t t h C h u ch xist d d k w its lf t b d m d
a e r e e ,
an ne e o e re ee e
by J sus l g b f e th Ch ist l gic l dogm thus

, on e ore e r o o a a
m t physic lly c is d by St uss h d c m t b

e a a a n on e ra a o e o e .
F it h w th p t f dogm t its child Th t uth

a as e a ren o a, no . e r
is t h t th v y id f ligi
a e c sis t i g i p s l
er ea O re on a s on n n er on a
f l l wship with G d h d f d d f m St uss mi d d

e o o a a e ro ra
’
n ,
an
with its dis pp c w t ls i l g m su t h

a ea ra n e en a o n ar e ea re e
p w t sy m p this with
o er o pp ci t ss ti l Ch isti
a e ,
or a re a e, e en a r an
pi ty it xist d f m t h fi st
e as e e ro e r .
W tu w t t h syst m tic th l gi
e rn no i wh m o e e a eo o an n o
w e H g li ism t its b st Bi d m
se e e e of Zu ich
an a e ,
e er an n r .
A ctu t d by a esi c d p sitiv i t st i Ch is

a n er e an o e n e re n r
t i i ty h
an d si d t c st uct th l gic l syst m
,
e e re o on r a eo o a e
which f ith might f ly p t ; b u t h m t t d

a sa e
'
acce e ea n o o so
e xclusiv ly with m t i ls d w f m
e t l st c l u d a er a ra n ro ,
or a ea o o re
by t h m istic phil s phy h h d l t f m H g l

, e on o o e a ea r n ro e e .
R ligi
e such b c c iv d i opp siti to St uss
on as . e on e e ,
n o on ra ,
as bj ctiv ly l i t l ti
an o e f G d d m
e rea n err e a on O o an an ,
th I fi it Spi it d t h fi it ; vi w h c sid d
e n n e r an e n e a e , e on er e ,
e qu lly t g istic t du lism d p th ism A d whil

a an a on o a an an e . n e
1
Gl a u ben sl ehre 1
,
11 . 7 40 .
l ss Bi d m
Non e t h e m k s p sist t d i e ,
e er ann a e a er en an n
s m w ys d ply i m p ssiv ff t t c mbi p i cipl

o e a a ee re e e or o o ne r n e
an d p s i m livi g u ity If t id tic l

er on n a ore n n . no en a
with t h p i cipl f d m pti J sus w y t t h fi st

e r n e o re e on , e as e e r
t o b c m c sci us f it d t m k it k w H c
e o e on o o ,
an o a e no n . en e
th e l t i b twre a p i cipl
on d p s tho gh t
e e en r n e an er on , u a
fi st d fi d l s ly ugh is t ft ll utw rd d
r e ne oo e en o ,
no a er a o a an
accid t l ; it is i w d d bidi g f with ut t h

en a n ar an a n ,
or o e
m di ti f C h ist t h p i cipl c uld t h v

e a on o lis d
r e r n e o no a e r ea e
its lf i f ct Bi d m
e n av succ d d i v c mi g
. e er an n n e er ee e n
“
o er o n
this i c sist cy b tw h i i iti l s p ti f p i

n on en e ee n s n a e a ra on o r n
ci pl d p s
e an i bt t d his l t
e r on dmissi t h t n a s r a c o, a n a er a on a
i c n c t f ct th y
on re e i diss l bly b u d up t g t h
a e a re n o u o n o e er .
H w e lso h mp d by i m p f ct c c p ti f t h
as a a er e an er e on e on o e
p s lity f G d d f th sulti g tu f ligi

er on a o o ,
an o e re n na re o re on ,
f or i his p g s t h Divi s ship which it w Ch ist s

n a e e ne on as r
’
fu cti to v l h v s mbigu usly b tw th id f

n on re ea o er a o e een e ea o
p s l d thic l c mmu i with t h F t h

er on a an e d a o n on e a er an a
pu ly t l gic l l ti f fi it to I fi it Spi it
re on o o a re a on o n e n n e r .
I g nl it m y b c clud d th t H g li ism
e n era a e on e a e e an
t d d t c mm it g v ff c g i st hist y by
en e o o a ra e O en e a a n or
c st ui g Ch isti ity
on r n syst m f id s which is
r an as a e o ea
i t lligibl d ff ctiv p t f m J sus Ch ist St uss

n e e an e e e a ar ro e r . ra
t k this positi f kly but its i flu c is s

oo v
on ra n ,
n en e een e en
i n th m m d t th i s f Bi d m
e ore O th
o er a e eor e o e er an n . n e
o th h d H g l d d th Chu ch
er an ,
sily f g tt
e e r en e re e r a n ea or o en
s vic by sti m ul ti g
er e i t s fl ct i up a n an n e n er re e on on
Ch ist l gic l p bl m s i th i u iv s l sp ct
r o o a ro e n e r n er a a e .
4 . fi st qu t f l st
Th e K en oti c Th eori es — I n th e r ar er o a
c tu y u i f t h Lu th
en r , a d R f m d Chu ch s
n on o e e ra n a n e or e r e
i G m y w
n erp j ct d i c c t i wi t h which s
an as ro e e n on n e on aro e
a v l d m k bl typ f Ch ist l gic l d ct i

no e an re ar a e e o r o o a o r ne .
b y n o ot h er
i d d b f p d f n i hm yw
i vi ual e ore, th e ur e i ea o a D vin e u an i t as
a h d d m d
p p re e n d e anl f d q a ei n t o t h e grea t p ri n ci p l e of i e ; a n con se uen t l y ,
i h d
n s o f ar as t b d l d iat i d d
ea ca n e re a r d e
g a s r ea i s e n an i n di vi ua l , — a.n it
w as
y af f d i m
n ecess i t h dob d d eeli n g a n gi n at i on t h a t i t
a s oul e r egar
”
e as
s o re a l i s ed , -i n n o ot h er coul d i t fi n d so p u re a n e mb od i me n t ( quot ed
by Dr Forres t, Ch ri st
.
f H i stor y
o a nd o f E xp er i en ce,
K E N OT I C T H E ORI E S 26 5
F m th w ll k w p ss g i P hilippi s which figu d

ro e e - no n a a e n an ,
re
p mi tly i t h discussi th s th i s c m t b
ro n en n e on , e e eor e a e o e
s tyl d K tic d th i di ff ti l f tu
e en o it h
,
1
an e r e ren a ea re , as as
b put is th t t h y s k t d justic t th t uth

een ,
a e ee
“
o o e o e r
th t th I c ti
a f th
e S i v lv d
n l s lf
a rn a on o e on n o e a r ea e
limit ti f His Divi m d f xist c

a on o I t hi k t h ne o e o e en e . n e
or igi f t h m h cc si lly b f g tt by t h s
n o e na e as o a on a e en or o en o e
wh p f ss t
o xpl i t h m tiv s by which th uth s
ro e o e a n e o e e a or
of th s vi ws w e e ctu t d Th sugg s ti h f
e er e a a e . e e on as rs
qu tly b m d th t t h bj ct f th K tic th i s
en e en a e a e o e o e en o eor e
w as to sig lis t h lity d i t g ity of

na L ds
e e rea an n e r ou r or
’
m h od d bvi usl y this is

an o ,
an f th fu d m t l o o on e o e n a en a
p i cipl s f th i m th d Lik th m d s th y h d
r n e o e r e o . e o er o er n , e a
b t ught by c t study f t h G sp ls th t J sus

een a r e en O e o e a e ,
wh t v m w t uly
a e er f ll w m B t
ore , v d as r ou r e o - an . u ,
o er a n
b y d this th y w
e on ls b t b i gi g t t h
,
e er e a o en on r n n ou e
w d us t u
on ro d subdui g m g i t ud
na f th Divi
re an n a n e o e ne
s c ific ; d i this c c t i th y wish d t th w

a r e an n on n e on e e o ro
i t st g li f t h xc di g g t ss f th st p d w
n o ron re e e e ee n rea n e o e e o n
w ds t k by t h S f G d wh f
ar a en sks e on o o en or our a e ,
though ich H b c m p r It w ,
if th y s id t
e e a e oor. as as e a ,
no
m ly This is wh t i l v H c m t b ; but E v
ere ,
a n o e e a e o e , en
this which H b c m is u i t lligibl xc pt by c t ste e a e n n e e e e on ra
with wh t H h d b a H did t m i l l th t H
e a een . e no re a n a a e
w as i th p nxis t t gl y but st p d d w by
e r e -e en or ,
oo e o n, a
rea l su d d s lf imp v ishm t

rr en d t k
er a n lw e -
o er en , an oo a o er
pl c I th light f th t u ci ti w g i
a e . n e w O a r en n a on e a n a ne
glimps f t h l gths t which Divi l v will g f

e o e en o ne o e o or
m s d mpti
an
’
This I b li v t b t h p f u d s t
re e on . e e e o e e ro o n e
m tiv p ti g i th K t ic th i s this s s f
o e O era n n e en o e or e —
en e o
s c ific
a r th p t f p xist t O ; d i t is
e on e ar O a re -e en ne an a
1
D r F orr es t h as j
p oi n t ed out t h a t th e word Ken ot i c mu s t n ot b e
us t l y
h h h
.
“
t ak en a s i m l i
p y gn t a t t h e t ru t i n t i s m at t er res t s on a p a rt i c ul a r
h
e x eges i s of t i s s i n gl e p ass a ge i n P i l i pp i a n s I t s b a si s i n t h e N e w h
Tes t a m en t i s i n rea li ty f a r wi d er Th e P a ul i n e press i on s as t o t h e
ex s el f
f h h
.
e m p t yin g or s el -i m p ov eri s m en t ( 2 Co 8 9) of t h e S on on l y em as i s e
p
h
w a t t h e n a rra t i v es h ’
f
ei r el i mi n a t i on would l ea v e
of C ri st s l i e s ugges t , a n d t h
t h e p robl e m a s p res e n t ed i n t h e Gosp el s p reci s el y w ere i t was ( A u th or i ty h
qf Ch ri st,
26 6 THE P E RSON OF J E S US CH RI S T
c c ptio
on e t i usly bs t f m th Ch ist l gic l
n n o or o a en ro e r o o a
ar gu m ts f t f w wh h v c iticis d th s th i s
en o no a e o a e r e e e eor e
wi t h g t s v ity rea e er .
Th K tic th l gi s
e en o d ll p c d up eo o an ,
on e an a ,
ro ee on
or th d x ssumpti s
o o a to th T i ity d t h t w on as e r n an e o
na tu s p s t i t h
re p so f
r e en nL d Th i e on e er n o ou r or . e r
O bj ct is t h w h w th S c d P s f t h T i ity
e o S o o e e on er on O e r n
c uld
o t i to hum lif
s o e n er th t th n sult d t h an e as a ere re e e
g ui ly hum
en ne xp i c which is d sc ib d by t h
an e e r en e e r e e
e v g lists To this p bl m th y
an e . u i m us i ro e
:
e a re n an o n
re pl yi g i c u s with i dividu l v i ti s th t th
n — o o r e n a ar a on — a e
t l L g s by w d ful susp si
e ern a o o a st icti on er en on or re r on
o f His Divi ctiviti s duc d Hi m s lf withi t h li m its

ne a e re e e n e
an d c ditio s f m h d
on S m h w H l id sid His
n o an oo . o e o e a a e
Divi m d f xist c i
ne o e d t bcm m
o e en e n or er o e o e r
an .
Th m si s f E l g t h g t st m f this sch l
o a n O r an en , e r ea e na e o oo ,
f llow d t h
o e li hi ts f S t ius i j cti g th
e ea r er n o a r or n re e n e
t diti s of Luth
ra on x g sis t th P hilippi
era n e e e as o e an
p ss g i
a a f e h m i t i d th t t h
n so a r as s lf mp t yi g
e a n a ne a e e -e n
th ffi m d h s
er e a l ti
r t t th i c
e a t but t t h
re a on , n o o e n arn a e , o e
p xist
re-e t Ch ist en T h L g s h w i
r t s . u c d t h e o o , e r e ,
r en o n e e
ful ss f His Divi b i g i ll th s l ti s i which

ne o ne e n n a o e re a on n
H v ls Hi ms lf d t l w d Hims lf t b c m
e re ea e a ex r a , o ere e o e o e
th subst tu m f
e ra l hum p s lity xch g d
O a re a an e r on a ,
e an e
His Divi c sci us ss f ne th t w hum

on o ne or on e a as an , or
ra th Divi hum ; d th u s b c m c p bl f f mi g
er n e- an an e a e a a e o or n
th c t of si gl p s l Lif Fu th w m y
e en re a n e er on a e . r er, e a
c st u th is Lif
on r e u d gig v it bly hum
e as n er o n a er a an
d v l pm t i s m ch
e e o en th ,
L g s h d v lu t ily
na u as e o o a o n ar
c t ct d His lif t th f m d dim si s f hum

on ra e e o e or an en on o an
e xist c submitti g t t h l ws f h um g wth d

en e, n o e a o an ro an
p s vi g His bs lu t p w s ly i t h m su i
re er n a o e o er on n e ea re n
which t h y w ss ti l to His d mi g w k ; d
e ere e en a re ee n or an
a t t h cl s e f His o e thly c Ho sum d c m ear a ree r e re e on e ore
t h gl y H h d l id sid Th m i w wi t h
'
e or e a t
a a e . o as u s as a on e
p vi us Luth
re o Ch ist l gy i h ldi g th t th is
era n r o o n o n a e re
no p s c r e en e ctivity f t h i c t S utsid f
or a o e n a rn a e on o e o
His h u m tu ; d h gu s th t by th dditi f
an n a re an e ar e a e a on O
p i d c v d by t h
er o thly lif w must c c iv th
o ere e ea r e e on e e e
t l g
e ern a ti f t h S by t h F th
e n er a d thon o e on e a er , an e
c s m ic fu ctio s f t h S t h v u d g
o n t mp y
n o e on o a e n er on e a e orar
i t upti
n err G d t i his c mm t y
on . th F u th
o e ,
n o en a r on e o r
G sp l t k s m uch t h s m l i
o e ,
a e I sp ct f t h e a e ne . n re e o e
i c t lif h d ws sh p disti cti b tw Ch ist s

n ar n a e e e ra a ar n on e ee n r
’
fili l a i which w k t His b ptism d t h

con sc ou sn ess, re-a o e a a , an e
fili l t t i t h Divi
a s a f m f G d th m d f
e— . e
. e ne
“
or o o ,
”
e o e O
exis c sw i g t His t u b i g which H ly

t en e an er n o r e e n — e on
g i d t t h sc sio A d th p bl m f th c smic
re a n e a e a en n . n e ro e o e o
f cti s of t h S
un on h yp th i susp d d f e tim on , ex o es en e or a e,
h s lv s by t h st t m t th t
e o e wh th L g s d sc ds e a e en a en e o o e en
i t t h w ld th t b c m
n o e or f th b i gs f t h
, ere o e o e on e o e e n o e
un iv s t h F the r e, t i t di ct l ti t th
e a er can en er n o re re a on o e
w ld d Hims lf x cis t h fu cti s f C t

or ,
an ed e er e e n on O rea or an
P s v
r e er which H c mm ly x cis s th gh th
er, e o on e er e rou e
m di ti f th W d
e a on O e or .
”
1
Th th y f G ss i
e sp ci l m su d w f th
eor o e n a e a ea re re or
v h m t d ft sc fu l c d m tio This
e e en an O en orn on e na n. con
cep t i of h
on um s ul g m which
a g du lly v lv s an o - er ra a e o e
i to id tity with th L g s of th s c d P s f t h
n en e o o , e e on e r on o e
T i ity fi st d ud d f l l th p p ti s f G dh d
r n r en e o a e ro er e o o ea ,
s v its b
a e ss c b u t u ltim t ly st d t th pl y
are e en e, a e re ore o e en a r
p ss ssi of ll His tt ibut s w c t mptuously d

o e on a a r e , as on e e
sc ib d pu mythol gy which it qui d

r e as re k sis o ,
re re
“
a en o
of th u d st di g t b li v T th bj cti f
e n er an n o e e e
?
o e o e on o
orth d x c itics how v th t wh t w

o o r ch i J sus
, e e r, a a e r ea n e
on K tic p i cipl s is m ly hum c sci us lif t h

en o r n e a er e an on o e, e
an sw m y s bly b giv th t
er a y t ms t h
r ea on a e en , a on an er e
exp i c f J sus t sc ds th t f th m i
er en e o e f ra n en a o o er en n so ar
as H is w e th t c H w m th m
a are d will a on e e as or e an an an
s m d y tu t His f m high st t
o e a re It is th
rn o or er e a e
“
e
p d x f His u iqu c sci us ss th t H wh xists

a ra o o n e on o ne a e o e
as m k ws Hims lf t b G d d m m b s th ti m
an no e o e o ,
an re e er e e
wh H x cis d t h tt ibut s f p w
en e e er d k wl dg e e a r e o o er a n no e e
which f t h tim b i g H h l id sid

or e e e n e as a a e .
”
Whil dmitti g th t e th awh l ccl si stic l n a on e o e e e a a
1
S h C mm ee S J h
is i o ff B d m
en ta r y on t . o n, . 3 58 3 94 .
1
ie er ann.
CRI TI CS OF K E N OT I CI S M 26 9
d cisio s
e n ly c tu i s w
in g i st him
th e ea r en r e er e a a n ,
Th m i o as usv th l ss m i t i d t h t i such w i t s
ne er e e a n a ne a n r er
as Ig tius T tulli O ig
na d Hil y h f u d
,
er an , r en , an ar e o n so
m y p i ts f l c t ct with his w th o y th t
an o n o r ea on a o n e r a
K oticism might i
en s s h d sc ib d t h l g n a en e e e r e as e on
d l y d fulfilm t f ci t t d ci s I
e a e imp t
en o an en en en e . n an or
an t ticl L fs h sc uti is d t h justic f this cl i m

ar e oo as r n e e e o a .
1
I t must b c c d d th t h d st ys t h c s f
e on e g d e a e e ro e a e or r e ar
i g th K
n etic th y th l gic l clim x c sist t
en o eor as e o a a or on en
o utc m f p st Ch ist l gic l d v l pm t N

o e o a r o o a e e o en . o on e
w uld d m f s yi g th t t h F th s h d v b gu
o rea o a n a e a er a e en e n
to l k i t h di cti f K tic th y At th
oo n e re on o a en o eor . e
s m tim I m t co vi c d th t w it s lik Ig tius

a e e a no n n e a r er e na ,
I renm d Hil y did

u s, ant giv i t mitt t xp s ar no e n er en e re
si to g t ligi us i tuiti s which if c sist tly

on r ea re o n on , on en
d v l p d w uld h v l d th m m
e e o e ,
ol ss i t h a e e e ore or e n e
di cti f th m d Vi w though i p i t f f ct th y
re on o e o e rn e , n o n o a e
a t o c n u t lis d th f c f th s xp ssi s by
e ne ra e e or e o e e e re on
c u t st t m ts f m t diti l c st Wh v
o n er - a e en o a or e ra on a a . en e er
th y sh k ff t h h u ti g d c tism th t p v d s
e a e o e a n n o e a er a e SO
much f th i fl cti o th hist ic Ch ist d t k

e r re e on on e or r , an a e
th id f i c ti s i usly it is t this sid th t

e ea o n arn a on er o , o e a
th i b st th ughts i cli
e r e But i t uth it is f m
o n ne . n r o co
p arat i l y slight
ve i m p t c wh th t h K tic w i t s or a n e e er e en o r er
a t fi st x ggr t d th i cl im t hist ic th d xy p
e a e ra e e r a o or or o o , ro
v id d th y
e pp l t t h c d d f cts d b li vi g
e ca n a ea o e re or e a an e e n
wit ss f th N w T st m t t f c s f t h
ne O e e e a en ,
no ,
o our e , or e
d t ils f th y but f th g t ligi us id th y

e a o a e or , or e r ea re o ea e
h v st iv t t f th It is ly i t h y s f th s
a e r en o se or . on n e e e o o e
wh d m p t istic Ch ist l gy wh lly sup i

o ee a r t visi r o o o er or o re on
or m dm t th t t h ll g d d f ctiv th d xy f
a en en a e a e e e e e or o o o
Th m si s d his dh ts will s m g v ff c
o a n an a e re n ee a ra e o en e .
At l t st g f this w k I sh ll t t m pt t d l
a a er a e o or a a e o ea
1
RE x 24 6 ff j
Th e s ub ect i s d i scu s s ed a l so b y H a r n a ck , D ogmen
h
. . .
ges ch i ch te
1
i 21 5
‘
; T om a s i n s Ch r i s t i P e r s on u nd Wer k i i 1 6 0 —
7 6 , a nd
h
,
.
, ,
.
D ogme ngeschi ch te 2 ( ed B on we t s ch ) i 3 7 4 — 7 5 ; B e t u n e -B a k er, H i s tor y of

ff
. .
,
D oct ri ne, 29 7 On t h e K e not i c el e m en t s i n Lut h er, se e Th H a rn a ck ,

. .
D uther s Theol ogi e, 11. 20 4 ff .

n i or e l gth with t h g
at en l imp t d ligi u e en e ra or an re o s
v lu f wh t m y b c ll d t h K tic p i cipl
a e o a a e a e
“
e en o r n e
th is sp c h
ere ly t tic
a e t w of t h m
er e on o no e on e or o e ore
usu l c iticis m s Th m st f qu t d t fi st ight

a r . e o re en an a r S
th m st d m gi g bj cti t t h K tic d ct i is
e o a a n o e on o e en o o r ne
th t it c t v s t h f d m t l xi m f th Divi
a on ra en e e un a en a a o O e ne
immut bility Th d ct i f th Divi im m ut bility

a . e o r ne o e ne a ,
h w v wh u s d i a p i i f shi is pt t p v
o e er , en e n r or a on , a o ro e
a w p w g sp by th bl d If w hold with
ea on e ra e a e . e
c victi th t J sus is
on on i wh m G d Hims lf
a te on e n o o e en ers
hum ity th H d san ,

ith with ll His tt ibut s
en e oe so e er a a r e
u m difi d
n o i such wis
e ,
t orm if st ly th s
n e as o an e on o e
qu li t i s which
a e c mp tibl wit h l h um lif ;
a re o a e a r ea an e
an d which f th s lt tiv s w sh ll d pt is f
o e e a er na e e a a o o
c u s s ttl d f us by t h ctu l f cts c t i d i th

o r e e e or e a a a on a n e n e
hist ic co d T y th t w c t thi k w y
or re r . o sa a e ann o n a a a
si gl Divi tt ibut with ut d st yi g G d is t ly

n e ne a r e o e ro n o no on
a st t m t a e bst ct
en t b i pplic bl
so t l st
a ra as o e na a e, a ea
di ctly to th c c t p bl m b f us ; it is
re ,
e on re e ro e e ore a
p i cipl which ly
r n e ds t b ig usly f c d on n ee o e r oro en or e
t o disc dit y Vi w of i c
re ti But if w fi d
ever e n a rn a on . e n
s s i th G sp l
rea on n tiv f h ili g Ch ist th
e o e n arra e or a n r as e
i c t S of G d
n a rn a e s s which h v othi g t d
on o —
rea on a e n n o o
with y supp s d p ss ssi

an His p t f ll t h
o e o e on on ar o a e
Divi p g tiv s i th i ful ss w must p l t h

ne rer o a e n e r ne — e re e e
O bj cti th t H c n t b G d b c us H is ith
e on a e a no e o e a e e ne er
o m isci t n m ip s t
en n or o n r e en .
It is m c dit f m f t h s m c iticism to
a or e r e on e or o e a e r
u g th t t mp y c ss ti
r e a a lik f t h c smic
e ora r e a on a e O e o
fu cti s of t h S
n on d f His p ticip ti i eth on an o ar a on n e
t l lif f t h G dh d
e e rn a e impli d i t h th y f
o e o ea , as e n e eor o
G ss e G d t is i h tly u thi k bl I h v
or o e ,
n ere n n n a e . a e no
wish t mi i mis th s i us ss f this ; but th

o n e e er o ne o er e a re
tw c o sid ti s which I thi k m y s bly b h ld

on e ra on ,
n ,
a r ea on a e e
t o mitig t t h di fficulty I t h fi st pl c t h
a e e . n e r a e, e
T i it i
r n ssu m pti s which li b hi d th bj cti
ar a n a on e e n e O e on
a re t ft f ki d th t g p il usly
oo o en o th v ga n a o er o n ea r e er e
o f t ith is m i
r f
e it is p suppos d th t th
,
n SO ar as re e a e
27 2 THE “
P E RSON OF J ES US CH RI S T
is i s p bl f m t h N w T st m t c c pti f
n e a ra e ro e e e a en on e on o ou r
L d t h id
or —m ly th t i wh t v f shi G d i
e ea , n a e , a n a e er a on o n
Ch ist b ught His Divi b i g d w t t h m s u s

r ro ne e n o n o e ea re
o f lif d b c m p f
ou r sk e, a n e a e oor or ou r a e .
5 . Ch r i stol ogy f
o th e Medi a t i ng School : D or n er .
B sid t h sp cul tiv d c f ssi l th l gi s which

e e e e a e an on e on a eo o e .
fl u ish d i t h i t th c t u y st ds
o r e n e th n n e ee n en r an an o er
gr p v i us i ch ct
ou ,
ar o d c m p siti n d f a ra er an o o on , an or
th t s diffi cult t d sc ib by y l ss v gu pith t

a r ea on o e r e an e a e e e
th m di ti g Th m m b s f t his g up st v t
an
“
e a n .
”
e e er o ro ro e o
m di t fi st b tw th Luth
e a e, r , d th e R f m d een e era n an e e or e
c f ssi s i th i t s t s f u i ; d s c ndly
on e on , n e n e re o n on an e o ,
b tw Chu ch d ct i
e ee n d phil s phy r R th U ll m
o r n e an o o . o e, a nn ,
Julius M ull d D s m f t h m st dis

er , an or n er a re o e o e o
ti g i h d
n u s m s W s l ct D
e na t h b st k
e . w e e e orn er a s e e no n
an d p b bly t h ro m st i fl a ti l thi k f th p ty e o n uen a n er o e ar ,
an d p s t t h s f atu s f his Ch ist l gic l w k which

re en o e e re o r o o a or
ar e on t h wh l m s t i t es t i g d disti c t iv
o e o n e re n an n e .
1
A f d m t l p sup p siti th y ’
un a f D en a re o on o orn er s eor
is th p i cipl qu lly ligi us d sp cul t iv

e r n e— e a re o an e a e
th t G da d m o t m an pp sit s but an a re no er e o o e ,
a re
spi itu lly f ki M h i h i m th t which is

r a o n . an as n a
i fi i t t l st i th f m f c ptivi ty f th
n n e, a ea n e or o re e or e
Divi ; d it is this c ptiv ss f hum ity f G d

ne an re e en e o an or o ,
wh is d t its high st bs lut p w which p vid s

en ra e o e , a o e o e r, ro e
a r eal b sis f t h xist c f J sus

a or th d qu t e e en e o e as
“
e a e a e
p s l g f D ity W m y v
e r on a or an y th t si c
o e .
”
e a e en sa a n e
it is G d s tu t c mmu ic t Hi ms lf t m
o
’
na re o o n a e e o an ,
an d m is cl s ly lli d t G d t h id f t h G d
an o e a e o o , e ea O e o
m i
an , wh m both n p f ctly u it d is d mnd d
o a re er e n e , e a e
t c d tly by s
an e e en N t ly ; th g is m f re a on . o on so e or an o
hum ity c v s H d
an c t l p s t t iv I
ra e a ea ,
a e n ra .
re re en a e n
dividu l i fi it ly susc ptibl f G d ;

a ,
n n e th t f m e e o o SO a ro
th p i Vi w guid d th u h
'
f w h t
“
y te an o t er o nt t g o e e a re e .
o e o
th t ligi
a re qui s f i t c su mm tion d bs lut
on re re or , _ s on a an a o e
“
e xp ssi re t th id
on f i c notio m ly but e ea o n arn a n er e ,
O h t f ll w K
1
n W i l D
a R
o o ; 8 ffs , s ee i rn
’
s a rt c e orn er,
?
E iv. 02 .
D ORN E R 27 3
the f ct This t sc d t l c ssity

a . it m y b
ra n en en a ne e , as a e
c ll d which is
a e ,
d d still m p ig t ly u g t ren ere ore o n an r en
by th f ct f i is fi lly c fi m d d s l d t us
e a o s n, na on r e an ea e o
i th
n ctu liti s f hist y Th
e a a l J sus m th
e o or . e r ea e ore an
fulfils t h p stul t s f pu th ught N is it su ffi ci t

e o a e o re o . or en
to e xpl i His c t l pl c i hum i t y by t h dy mic

a n en ra a e n an e na
imm c f G d i Him N t hi g l ss th
a n en e o o p s l n . o n e an a er on a
s lf c mmu ic ti
e - o th p t f God is d qu t t th
n a on on e ar o a e a e o e
hum d f
an ly H
n ee ,p f ctly v l G d wh
or on e ca n er e re ea o o .
i wh t H
s a v ls e re ea .
D sup m i t est i th u ity f th th

orn er s
’
re e n er n e n o e ean
th p i P s
ro c l ds h i m t gu t h t t h t u p th t
er on ea o ar e a e r e a o
th lucid ti f this u i t y is t st t t f m ith f

e e a on o n o ar no ro e er o
th tu s s p t ly but f m th i u i
e na re e a ra e giv f ct ro e r n on a s a en a ,
as a S pi itu l lif p c ss th utc m f which wi g t

r a e - ro e e o o e o , o n o
th i h
e n t g ic ffi ity f b th is t h c ti f
e ren or a n a n o o , e rea on o a
sp cific lly Divi hum c sci us ss Th L g s t

e a n e- an on o ne . e o o ,
an e
mu d n p i cipl i G d f v l ti
an e r n d s lf b st w l
e n o o re e a on a n e - e o a ,
j i s Hi ms lf t hu m
o n tu
e t h w v i its
o an na re, no , o e e r, n
e mpi ic l qu lity f si ful ss d d fil m t but

r a a o n ne an e e en , as a
ne w hum ity d sti d t b t h H d f an ,

e c f ne o e e ea o a ra e o re
d mdm
ee e I t is t this p i t th t w c m up
en . th a o n a e o e on e
di ff ti l f tu f D
eren a th y Th u ity f t h
ea re o orn er s
’
eor . e n o e
Di i hum lif is t t b c c iv d c mpl t f m

v n e- an e no o e on e e as o e e ro
th eb gi i g Si c Ch ist xhibit d t u h m ity

e nn n .
“
n e r e e r e u an
in ctu l hum lif t uly hum g wth p t i s

an a a an e, a r an ro er a n
to Him Si c . th th h d G d n e, ly b
on e o er an ,
o ca n on e
p f ctly m if st i Ch ist wh t h wh l ful ss of

er e an e n r en e o e ne
th Divi L g s h ls b c m th p p ful ss f
e ne o o as a o e o e e ro er ne o
t his m i k wl dg d v liti
an n no d th f h e e an o on , an er e or e as
b c m Divi h u m with t h g wth f t h hu m sid

e o e n e- an , e ro o e an e
th is ls c ss ily giv i Him g wth f th

ere a o ne e ar en n a ro o e
G d hum ity ;
o - d th i c
an ti is t t b th ugh t
an e n ar n a on no o e o
as a t c c m pl t d but c t i u us y ugm t tiv

on e o e e ,
as on n o , na a en a e,
s i g th t G d L g s v pp h ds d pp p i t s
ee n a o as o o e er a re en an a ro r a e
such w sp c t s ne g a t d by th t u hum
e as a re en e r a e e r e an
d v l pm t just
e e o en ly t h
, g wi g ctu l a s, con v e rse , e ro n a a re
h u m i y c mbi s co sci usly

,
ce
p t i f
v en esst h t o e d an x
o ne n o an
18
27 4 PERSON OF J ESUS CH RI ST
THE
v lu t ily wit h v
o n ar w sp cts f t h L g s Th e er ne a e o e o o . e
an ticip t d bj cti th t this vi w yi lds

a e o m th
e on a e e no ore an
a h u m E g i v d p i g p s l f ll wship with
an o n e er - ee en n e r on a e o
G d is m t by t h st t m t th t t h L g s is f m t h
o e e a e en a
“
e o o ro e
b gi i g u i t d with J sus i t h d p st b s s f b i g
e nn n n e e n e ee e a e o e n ,
an d t h lif f J sus w
e e Divi hum t v y p i t
o e as n e- an a e er o n ,
i s m uch
na c ptiv ss v xist d f t h D ity
as a re e ene ne er e e or e e
with ut its fulfilm t

o en .
” 1
This g l c c pti is l dy p s t i D
en e ra on e on a r ea r e en n orn e r s
’
g t w k t h hist ic l d v l p m t f Ch ist l gy ;
re a or on e or a e e o en o r o o
2
but i t h l t Sy t m f Ch i ti D t i his st t m t
n e a er s e o r s an oc r n e a e en
o f t h T i it i e p supp siti s is m difi d t

r n ar a n im re o on o e a an
p t t p i t H i sists th t if w
or a n o n . t sc p t h e n a e a re o e a e e
p ils f t ith ism i

er o r c st ucti f th T i ity d
e n ou r on r on o e r n , an
o f N st i is m
e or an th ssumpti f t w s p t p s , or e a on o o e ara e er on
a l i ti i Ch ist l gy
es, n disti cti must b d w b tw
r o o ,
a n on e ra n e een
hyp st sis d p s lity Th L g s h d cl s is

o a an er on a . e o o ,
e e a re ,
“
o f Hims lf ith e p s i th s m s s
ne th er a er on n e a e en e as e
a bs lut Divi p s lity

o e i dividu l m
ne e r on a ,
n or as an n a an .
”
3
A d wh t H d s is
n a t much t c stitut th
e oe no so o on e e
p s lity f t h i c t O
er on a o th t supply th e n a rn a e ne as ra er o e
b sis f it i His ch ct
a o , th t l p i cipl
n a ra er as e e ern a r n e
withi t h G dh d of f
n e d m m v m t d v l ti
o ea ree o , o e en , an re e a on .
I sh uld si gl o t t w poi ts i g d t which th

n e ou o n n re ar o e
f g i g th y h p v d sugg stiv Fi st it l ys
ore o n e or as ro e e e . r , a a
n ee d d mph si up th ffi ity f t h Divi

e e a s d on e a n o e ne an
hum an tu s which na li th ught h d t muc h

re , ea r er o a oo
t ddt dfi
en e c sisti g i tt ibut s u lik t
o e ne a s on n n a r e so n e as o
b wh lly disp
e o t d i c mp tibl Th w a ra e l an n o a e . e re as a rea
n ee d t h t th l gy sh uld c t t h i sti ctiv ss

a eo o o r e ur o e n n e a ur
an e o c f th N w T st m t w it s th t b tw G d d
e e e a en r er a e een o an
m an th is ere l i c g uity but th no ss ti l rea n on r ,

ra er an e en a
ki ship S c dly t h c c pti f i c ti which

n . e on , e on e on o an n arn a on
is g du l t m ch ic lly d u thic lly c m pl t f m

ra a , no e an a an ne a o e e ro
t h b gi
e i g is
e which m its th cl s st sc uti y d
nn n , on e er e o e r n , an
i n l t p t f this w k w sh ll h v cc si t
a a er ar o or e a a e o a on o
1
S y stem f C hr i s ti a n D octr i n e
o ,
v ol . i ii . 328 ( Eng . tr . s l i gh t l y m od i fi ed ) .
3 3
Fi rs t ed i t i on , 18 39 s econ d, 18 4 5 . 0p . ci t . v ol . ii i 293
. .
27 6 TH E P E RS ON or J ES US CH RI S T
t m t t p m t m spi itu l c c pti s f

a on e en o ro o e or e r a on e on o o ur
L ds i
or
’
lif d t xhibit th vit l u ity f i
nn e r e, a n o e e a n o n ca r
na ti on d t m t f an i M u ic lik C l idg
a on e en or s n .
1
a r e, e o er e,
sh w d P l t ic t d cy t sp k f p i cipl s id s
o e a a on en en o ea o r n e or ea
ra th th f p s s ; d it w uld p b bly b f i
er an o er on an o ro a e a a r
c i t icis m c t i xp ssi s i his w ks t y th t

r on er a n e re on n or o sa a
th y h v t h ff ct f d p s l isi g Ch is t d of
e a e e e e o e er on a n r ,
an
re p s ti g Him lm st
re en v gu spi itu l tm sph
n a o as a a e r a a o er e
or e e l m t t h th en his t ic Figu with sp cific

,
ra er an a s an or re e
qu liti s v l d by His c
a e re th T h us it is
ea e a reer on ear . a
f v u it li f s i g with M u ic th t v y m
a o r e ne o rea on n a r e a e er an,
simply m is j i d t as Almighty L d f lif O

an , o ne o an or o e, ne
n ea rer t him th his w fl sh

o Th t uth h an o n e .
“
e r , e
d cl s is th t v y m is i Ch ist
e a re ,
“
xc pt h
a e er an n r e e e
w j i d t Ch ist h c uld t thi k b th liv

ere o ne o r e o no n ,
rea e, e
a si gl h u
n Ch ist th ss ti l d ll mb ci g
e o r .
”
r e e en a an a -
e ra n
g u d f hum lif ; v y m i Ch ist wh th

ro n o an e e er an n r e er c on
i
s c ou s ly t th s m y b c ll d th
or no t p i cipl s
—
e e a e a e e r oo - r n e
of t h th l gy f M u ic whic h h
e eo o v i ly c t ds o a r e, e a n on en a re
d iv d f m t h xp ss t chi g f t h p stl s
er e ro e e re ea n o e a o e .
W m y cu f e m m t t t h c t v sy
a re r or on e o en o e on ro er
ev k d b tw 1 8 28 d 1 8 3 0 by t h Ch ist l gic l t t
o e e ee n an e r o o a en e s
o f E d w d I vi g wh s lif w
ar f th g
r n t st d , o e e as on e o e rea e an
s dd st f t h c tu y H w ch g d i ccl si stic l
a e o e en r . e as ar e n e e a a
c u ts with h ldi g t h si ful ss f Ch ist s hum ity

o r o n e n ne o r
’
an
but th xp ssi is lly u just d

e e re d f on r ea n ,
an no r ea er o
th ehist y f t h c s will d y th t m th
or o e a e en a ore an on e
ar gu m t which his ccl si stic l c d m ti

en on st d e e a a on e na on re e
w as g v ly d c tic i i t i m plic ti s I vi g clu g

ra e o e n s a on . r n n
wi t h h i wh l s ul t Ch ist s sy mp thy with t h t m pt d

s o e o o r
’
a e e e ,
His v it bl b th h d with m ; d t s cu t his

er a e ro er oo an an o e re
h e f lt it his duty t ffi m th t th S
e f G d i o a r a e on o o n
1
Cf . h i s word s i n t h e I n t rod uct i on t o Th e N a tu re f
o th e A to nemen t
My m p t t o u n d ers t a n d a n d i ll us t ra t e t h e n a t ure of t h e a t on e men t h a s
atte
b e en m ad e i n t h e wa y o f t a k i n g t h e s ub ect t o t h e l i g t of t h e i n carn a t i on j h
h h
.
Ass umi n g t h e i n ca rn a t i on , I h a v e s oug t t o real i se t h e Di v i n e mi n d i n C ri s t

as
p er f
e ct S on sh i
p t o ward s God a n d
p er ec t B rot er ood t owa rd s m e n , a n d , f h h
d oi n g so, t h e i n ca r n a t i on h a s a p p ea red d ev el op i n g i t sel n a t ura ll y a n d f
n ece s s a ri l y a s t h e a t on e me n t
”
( p x v ii , Si xt E d i t i on ) . h .
E D W A RD I R V I NG 27 7
i c ti t k up H i m f ll h m
n a rn a on tu with t h
oo on a en u an n a r e, e
p ssibili y f i t h ugh by t h i dw lli g m ip t c

o t o s n, o , e n e n o n o en e
o f t h H ly Spi i t i
e v f o m m t t uch d Him r ,
s n ne er or on e o en o e
a c t u lly I his w w ds Th p i t t issu is

a . n o n or :
“
e o n a e
simply this wh th Ch ist s fl sh h d th g ,

f i e er r
’
e a e ra ce o s n
l ss ss d i c pti f m its w tu
e ne an f m
n orru on ro o n na re , or ro
th i dw lli g f t h H ly Gh s t ; I y t h l t t
e n e n o e o o sa e a er .
”
E ls wh he i v ighs g i st t w m i
ere s th b
e n e a a n o a n er ror : e e
li f th t Ch ist s tu w i t i sic lly b tt th u s

e a r
’
na re as n r n a e er an o r ,
or th t it u d w t physic l ch g b f its
a n er mp en a a an e e ore a s su
ti i t t h p s f t h S
on n o It w m h d f ll
e er on o e on . as an oo a en
which H t k up i t His Divi p s i d t e oo n o ne er on , n or er o
p v t h g c d t h might f G dh d i d mi g
ro e e ra e a n e o o ea n re ee n
S t h hum ity w with ut guil t but wi t h v y

”
it . o e an as o , e er
thi g ls th t b l gs t m
n e d w
e h ld lik a e on o an , an as
“
e e a
f t ss i i m m cul t pu ity by t h G dh d withi

or re n a a e r e o ea n .
“
Ch ist w h ly i spit of t h l w f t h fl sh w ki g
r as o n e e a o e e or n
th ; but v i Him p v ili g ”

i H im
n i m as n ano er an ne er n re a n .
1
A d n th s p mis s I vi g built up th y f s lv
on e e re e r n a eor o a a
ti cc di g t which
on a orL d thus m i t i i g His
n o our or , a n a n n
p s l i l ss ss d du i g t t h utt m st t h
er on a S n e ne ,
an en r n o e er o e
p lty d t His si ful hu m

en a tuue chi v d t h
o n an na r e, a e e e
c cili t i
re on f G d d ma i His w p s
on o o an an n o n er on ,
th thi g d i
e p ti b i g d
n vi tu lly i
on e n on e or on e n on e , r a ,
n
th wh l
e o e .
Of this cc t ic th ugh t uchi g vi w it m y b e en r o o n e a e
s id b i fly th t t h
a ,
r e ss f L d with us i t h
, a e on e n e o ou r or n e
m l c flict which w f I vi g t h h t f l l
ora on ,
as or r n e ea r o a
thi gs is i d d g t f ct ; y t th y f it is t
n , n ee a rea a e a eor o no
t b pu ch s d t t h p ic
o e f ss ti g th t His hu m i ty
r a e a e r e o a er n a an
w
1
q
I rv i n g g w C U m
a s n ot ui t e or i i n al i n t h i s v ie . f . ll an n , D i e S un d
l os i gkei t J es u
( A ) d 7 te u fl a ge 10 1 ; a n B r uc e, 0 77 ci t 25 0 , w h o p oi n t s out
h w ml G f d M
, . .
t ha t t h em sa de t eor
y as si u t a n eousl y a d v a n ce by ot t r i e e nk en ,
of B re men A wri t er i n t h e E n cy cl op z d i a B ri ta n n i ca ( 9t h ed i t i on ) , v ol
. .
“
ii
x i 37 ,
2 s a ys c u ri o u sl y t h a t I r in g
v w as c n d e mn ed
o f or p ubl i s h i n g
h h h
.
d oct ri n es r ega rd i n g t h e u m a n i t y of J esu s C ri s t n ow

ge n eral ly el d b y
t h e b roa d sc ool of t h e ol ogi a n s h ”
Th i s s t a t em en t , i f read a t a ll s tri ctl y , i s
h wh
.
a b s urd . N o m od ern t h i n k er wi t om I a m ac q ua i n t ed c ould be sa i d to

'
h old I rv i n g s pos i t i on .
27 8 THE P E RSON OF J E S S CHRI ST U
wa s c u pt with c upt ss which ly t h H ly
orr , a orr ne on e o
Spi it co u ld h ld i
r ch ck M isl d p b bly by t h o n e . e ro a e
p t istic h bit f usi g fl sh

a r asy ym f m o n
“
e as a n on o
“
an
h d I vi g c fus d th id f c upt wit h th t

oo ,
”
r n on e e ea o orr a
O f c uptibl ( i t h s s f li bl t c up t i
“
orr e
”
n e en e o a e o orr on or
d c y ) d h c f m t h f ct th t Ch ist w li bl
e a ,
an en e ro e a a r as a e
to d c y d d th
e a b i g c p bl f dyi g d d c d
an ea , as e n a a e O n , e u e
th e sh c clusi th t His hum ity w f ll

ra on on a an as a en .
C t i ly h h ld st gly th t ly f ll
er a n e tu e ron a on a a en na re
c uld b t mpt d d th t to d y this is t d y

o e e e ,
an a en o en
Ch ist s m h d Th
r
’
b d ubt th t I vi g
an oo . er e c an e no o a r n
p ssi t ly pudi t d t h id f Ch ist h vi g t lly

a on a e re a e e ea O r a n ac ua
si d ; but it is ft l l ly l s id f i l ss ss
nn e a er a on a oo e ea o S n e ne
whic h t k s it c mp tibl with th xist c i Ch ist

a e as o a e e e en e n r
of p t ti l f ult d st g ff ic ci us g m f vil
a o en a a an ron e a o er o e ,
div g t v
er en u d v l p d f m t h Divi st d d
e en as n e e o e ro e ne an ar
o f p f ct ight ous ss ; which is t h c t tio f

er e r e ne e on n o a n o
“
f ll hum
a en tu d igi l i i ll th
an na re
”
an or na s n
”
n a o er
css a e .
Th i flu c f th e mi t Am ic divi Ho c
n en e O e e n en er an n e, ra e
Bush ll ( 1 8 0 2 ne is i m y w ys c mp bl t n an a o ara e o
t h t f Ri t hl
a o O t h wh l h d p c t d u p fit bl
sc . n e o e e e re a e n ro a e
cu i sity p i g i t imp ctic bl qu sti s Ch ist is

r o ,
eer n n o ra a e e on . r
no t giv h w it s th t w m y t u s l s to s
en , e r e ,
a e a se o r e ve r ea on
ou t His mys t y but simply th t God m y thus xp ss

er ,
a a e re
His w f li g d d w Hims lf i t u i with us

o n ee n an ra e n o n on ,
by t
an f cc m m d ti t ac symp thi s d
o a o o a on o our a e an
c p citi s Th d ity f C h ist h p ts g i

a a e .
”
d e e o r , e re ea a a n an
a g i is i
a n, t utsid p t f m wh t H do s i
n, no o e or a ar ro ,
a e e n
b i gi g us t G d b t w must b c t t with i g
r n n o o ,
u e e on en n or
an c to t h tu f G d s i dw lli g i Him N t
e as e na re o o
’
n e n n . o
i
n m t physic l but i thic l c c pti s
e a w b st
a n e a on e on ca n e e
se t fo th t h high st t u t h b ut His p s
r e e r a o er on .
7 . w k b gu by
Ri tsch l a nd th e Ri tsch li a n s .
— Th e or e n
S chl i m ch e er w t k up fifty y s l t by Alb cht

a er as a en e ar a er re
Ri t h l ( 1 8 22
sc wh st v v m p sist tly o ro e e en ore er en
to vi dic t f t h hist ic Ch ist t h c t l pl c i

n a e or e or r e en ra a e n
H m s st iki g ph s
err an n
’
ly t giv Him His igh t
r n ra e , on o e r
na m e But it is us l ss t t y d p l i th ig i fi
.
”
e e o r an ex a n e s n
c c f J sus ; i st d f b i g e xplic bl by th
an e o e n ea o e n a e o er
thi gs H xpl i s v ythi g ls H is k w by f i t h

n ,
e e a n e er n e e . e no n a
i
n au iqu d u pp ch bl l ti t His p pl ;
n e an na r oa a e re a on o eo e
t o g b hio d this e d int p t it by id s lik, t h an n er re ea e e
Abs lut o th L g s is t d fi t h cl i t ms f
e or e o o , o e ne e ear n er o
th bscu
e o N c f ssi re . f His G dh d h o
y v
on elu on o o ea as an a e
sv g
a e as t d by xp i c f His g c
en e r a e e er en e o ra e .
Ev y must f l t h t uth f much f this

er on e ee e r o o .
Ch ist s p s s i t h light f His w k is p i

r
’
er on een n e o or a r n
c ipl fix d c f ll by Luth
e e on e d Schl i m chor a er an e er a er .
But m y on e s bly d ubt wh th Ri t h l d s

a r ea on a o e er sc oe
a ctu lly l t this fu d m t l xi m c y him l l th

a e n a en a a o a rr a e
w y a Th
. gum t is th t Ch ist is Divi just b c us
e ar en a r ne e a e
His gifts p d lib ty lif — ar ; but d s Ri t h l

on , er , e — are so oe sc
a f t l l push h m t h i f c ? T h t h ssig s t
er a o e e n er en e a e a n o
C h ist r bs lut u iqu ss f

an a ligi is u qu sti
o e n en e or re on n e on
a bl ; but p ss g s ls ccu i which h d cl s

e a a e a o o r n e e are
pl i ly th t t h G dh d f Ch ist m st b c p bl
a n a e o ea o r u e a a e
o f imit ti by His p pl
a on d p ot sts th t t h d gm eo e, an r e a e o a
O f His p xist c c f s re -e Him s lit y g t en e on er on a o ar rea
ne ss i which t h b li v
n hv h e Th e e er ca n a e no S are . e re
c an b d ubt t ll th t i d fi i g th c t t f
e no o a a a n e n n e on en O
Ch ist s d ity h mi t s lt g th t h id b th f p
r
’
e e o a o e er e ea o o re
e xist c d
en e f x lt ti
an W h v O c c e h a a on . e a e no on ern , e
ar gu s with th p xist t O wh xists f G d

e ,
e re - e en n e, o e or o
on ly ; f ith is sk d f t h hist ic lif th t b g

our a a e or e or e a e an
a t B thl h m e I th
e es m w y thi g
. nb k w e a e a no n ca n e no n
a b ut t h x lt d L d s v f m His c d d hist y
o e e a e or a e ro re or e or .
It is sy t ea th t this xclusiv i sist c

o see p st a e e n en e on a a
which is g wi g v m ro m t t ds t th p
n e er ore re o e en o e re re
sc t ti
u a f Ch ist s mi d istic lly
on o bs t d f
r ,
e - e a ,
as a en an ar
a w y th th
a ,
ra v p s t i t h s v ig p w
er an a s e er - re en n e o er e n o er
o f His su c t i re A d g ds th c c pti f
rr e on . n as re ar e on e on o
p xist c Rit h l st dily d cli d t ck wl dg

re -e en e, sc ea e ne o a no e e
its ligi us m i g d i mp t c N
re o ea n n c uld an or a n e . o on e o
p ssibly wish t c su
o m fus l to mb k
o en re a ere re a e ar on
M OD E RN R A D I CA LI S M 28 1
empty sp cul ti i this gi e t f s k t h i dic

a on n re on , or o or a e e n a
ti s f c c t b li vi g xp i c ; but it is th
on O on re e e e n e er en e an o er
thi g wh th l gy t t h i st c f
n en m ist k
eo o , a e n an e o a a en
phil s phic l p si t ivism g ws bl i d t t h i fi it s lf

o o a o ,
ro n o e n n e e
su d f G d i b c mi g m f
rre n er o d m pti
o n e o n an or our r e e on .
I t h fu th
n p g ss f th Ritschli m v m t
e r er r o re o e an o e en ,
as might b xp ct d m y v i ti s f pi i c m
e e e e ,
an ar e e o o n on a e
g du lly t light Thus it w d b t d wh th

ra a o th . as e a e e er on e
p i cipl s f t h m st it is p missibl t sp k f
r n e O e a er er e o ea o
th e G dh d f Ch ist ; d sid s w t k
o ea o th r an e er e a en on e
qu sti th ugh t s m xt t p ti s di ff d ly b ut
e on , o o o e e en ar e er e on a o
a w d S m discussi h ls t k pl c g d
or . o e on as a o a en a e re ar
i g th
n p cis l m ts i th N w T st m t pictu
e re e e e en n e e e a en re
o f J sus t e w h ich f ith i di ct d Is th

o a s re e . e resu rr ec
ti f x mpl p t f th g u d f f i t h vi t l
on , or e a e, ar o e ro n O a ,
a a
f ct i t h m ss g th t v k s f ith ;
a or n e is it t e a e a e o e a or no
ra th th erbj ct f c victi i which f ith is l dy

e O e o a on on n a a rea
p supp s d ? Al g wi t h this t h h g
re o e g l on er e as on e a en er a
c s t th t whil f i th sts up t h hist ic p s

on e n a e a re on e or er on
ality f J sus O v l d i His ctu l w ds d d ds

e ,
as re ea e n a a or an ee ,
this must t b c st u d i t st t ut y d p d c
no e on r e n o a a or e en en e
on p ticul s f th G sp l st y
ar ar o e o e or .
8 . c cludi g
The Mod er n Ra di ca l Sch ool — A f ew on n
w ds m y b s id sp cti g t h p siti s m i t i d
.
or a e a re e n e o on a n a ne ,
with much viv city by m m b s f th dic l p ty

so a , e er O e ra a ar
which h sp u g i t p m i c i th l st t y s
as r n n o ro n en e n e a en ea r ,
an d w h ich sp ki g b dly p s ts t h xt m
,
ea n r oa ,
re re en e e re e
l ft wi g f Ritschli ism Th y f m th
e n o c ll d an . e or e s o- a e
re l igi g hi h tli h S h l
ons esc d th i i m is wi t h ut f
c c e c u e, a n e r a o ea r
or f v u t d t mi t h pl c f Ch isti ity i t h
a o r o e er ne e a e o r an n e
re ligi us hist y f t h w ld Of this sch l D S d y

o or o e or . oo r . an a
h as s id wi th jus t ic th t t h w i t s cut th m s lv s
a e a
“
e r er e e e
a d ift f m t h u iv s l v dict f t h Chu ch d f m

r ro e n er a er o e r an ro
t ditio l Ch isti ity Th y m k

ra na tt ck up t h
r an . e a e no a a on e
C ds but th y d lib t ly ig
re e ,
th m e d i e er a e n or e e ,
an n on e or
t w pl c s wh
o this imp t t q sti w uld t u lly
a e e re or a n ue on o na ra
c m up th y i t t m s d y wh t t h C ds ffi m
o e , e n se er en a e ree a r .
28 2 THE P E RSON OF J ES US CH RI ST
As ul t h c t l d ct i f ll is t
a r e, e much en ra o r ne O a no so
c t st d
on e qui tly put sid Th c st uctiv Vi w
e as e a e . e on r e e
f p imitiv Ch isti ity is built up with ut i t ” 1

o r e rTh an o . e
f ll wi g is ch ct istic st t m t by W l
o o n a W
a ra er a e en ern e
“
e
k w h w it s th t b v th g
no ,
”
e rllvl f m
e ,
“
a a o e e e n e ra e e O an
ki d is t h p ph ts d m di t s m wh st d i
n r e e ro e an e a or ,
en o an n
an sp ci lly cl s l ti t G d d h v
e e a sp ci l
o e re a on o o an a e an e e a
s s f b i g c ll d by Him wh s s uls
en e o e n full f th
a e ,
o e o a re o e
myst i us d w d ful wh b th t h i f t ity

er o an on er ,
o rea e e a r o e ern
an d b h ld visi s f t h w ld th t li s b y d this ut
e o on o e or a e e on o er
w ld f ph m
or o Am gst th m w en o J sus Th t
en a . on e e see e . a
which d isti guish s H i m d pl c s Him p t f m th

n e an a e a ar ro e
o th s c t p h ps b xp ss d th tic lly t l l
er an n o er a e e re e eor e a a a ,
but w xp ss i t p ctic lly by t i g i t His

e ca n e re ra a e n er n n o
s vic d by d i g G d s will H bids d i t S

er e an o n o
'
as e us o . o
w t s t ify t m J sus w w y th t H is ’
e i e o en , n e o n a ,
a e ou r
M st a d th t H h
er a n m d us t with G d H
a e as a e a on e o . e
wh owil l m y c ll this p ctic l Ch ist l gy Th

a a a ra a r o o . e
d gm tic l c t i ly li s b hi d
o a a ,
Th s si c
er a n d ,
e e n us .
” 2
e e n er e a n
m vi g w ds sugg st
o n or tw bs v ti s e on e or o O er a on .
Fi st t h c t g y u d which J sus is s bsum d

r ,
e a e or n er e u e
is th t f h a ligi s g ius It is
o e ro or re ou en . a con
ce
p ti i t duc d i t th l gy by S t uss d l g ly
on n ro e n o eo o ra ,
an ar e
a cc tu t d by Th m s C lyl ; d by th s w it s it
en a e o a ar e an e e r er
is xplicitly h ld t mb c m th J sus Th y
e e o e ra e or e an e . e
t ll us th t i t h p imitiv g d i g b li v s i i t
e a n e r e a e a or n e e er n ev
a bly c m t d ck J sus with l l c c iv bl m s f

a e o e e a on e a e na e o
h uon o d t r, d cl i t sp ct t h t H w G d s
an o e a re n r e ro e a e as o
’
u iqu gift t m
n e c tiv v hicl f v l ti
o an, a r ea e e e O re e a on , a
p i t t which h v t uch d i f l th But this

o n a ea en o e S n u e ar .
is p t y t f which th l gy h m d p s I
oe r ,
ou o eo o as a e ro e . n
s b t uth J sus is t t h bj ct f f ith ; lik us

o er r ,
e no e O e o a e ,
ra th H h
er , f ith d w c m t sh i t
e as a ,
an e o e o a re .
Ag i th s w it s
a n, w ll w th t th i vi ws
e e r er a re e a a re a e r e
r un di ctly c u t t t h p st lic d ct i
re o F m ly
n er o e a o o o r ne . or er
it w cus t m y f th s wh j ct d t h t di t i l
as o ar or o e o re e e e ra on a
1
Ou tl i n es of th e L if e o f Chr i st, 26 3 .
2
Q uot ed i n t h e Revi ew f
o Th eol ogy a nd P h i l osop h y, i 27 8 . .
28 4 TH E P E RS ON OF U
J E S S CH RI S T
w i d tim d p sit d
er e n th ue id lis d m of e e o e on e ea e na e
J esu s It w f lt th t ll thi gs xp ct d f t h
.
1
as e a a n e e e o e
c mi g S vi u h d b f lfill d i Him Th f m t
o n a o r a een u e n . e er en
i g th ught f th
n tim suppli d f ui tf l s il f
o O e e e a r u o or an
im gi tiv d myth l gic l g wth f d ct i which

a na e an o o a ro o o r n e,
ca n be t c d ly with u t m i d ith to i t l
ra e ,
n e ar o re a n er, e er or en a
G sticism t Jud ism f th sy c tistic typ

no or o a o e n re e .
This m d f m f wh t m y f i ly b c ll d
o e rn or O a a a r e a e
th High U it i ism will ccupy u s p t dly i

e er n ar an o re ea e n
this b k ; d t p s t I will ly p u s t ff
oo an a r e en on a e o O er
on e c iticism It is th t littl h y t b d by
r . a e as e een on e
w i t s f this p ty s v by v gu llusi s t t h
r er o ar , a e a e a on o e
myst y f p s lity
er o J sus d w t
e r on a , e re o
Hims lf th s w d ful pith ts f ligi us t ust d

e e e on er e e O re o r an
a d ti ora Why sh u ld this M b ch s t h v

on . o an e o en o a e
such thi gs s id f Him th t i Him ll thi gs c sist

n a O as a n a n on ,
th t i H i m dw lls ll t h f l ss f th G dh d b dily
a n e a e u ne o e o ea o ,
u l ss H h d i d d m d such
n e e aimp ssi n th ee a e an re on on e
a p stl s th t l w t m s w uld s v
o e a no It is su ly
o er er o er e re a
qu sti f suffi ci t g vity h w w

e on o t cc u t fen ra o e a re o a o n or
th w ship giv t Him th

e or w xc pt en th o , en or no , e e on e
s u pp siti th t His tu w such

o on ightly to v k
a na re as as r e o e
an d t t i it T supp s t h c t y is t v i c
o re a n . o o e e on rar a ar an e
with th c t i ty e which f i t h builds which l l

on e er a n on a ,
a
t stim y supp ts d which s i us Ch isti

e on or fl cti, an er o r an re e on
i sti ctiv ly ssum s th c t i ty th t J sus d w

n n e a e —
e er a n a e re a
cl dis t i cti b tw
ea r Hims lf d ll t h child
n on e e en e an a e ren
o f m d th t lik i His w mi d
en , a n d th t f t h
a a e n o n n an a o e
Chu ch u iv s l H is t
r nof cl ss
er a v fi st e no on e a a , or e en r
a m g His c mp s but i s lit y d u sh d s s

on o eer ,
n a o ar an n a re en e
th L d e d R d m
or f t h w ld
an e ee er o e or .
I h1
w m
f t i s be h i J d i m f h my h
ho it t at n o t ra ce exi st s t t
‘
so, co es n u a s o e
of a d yi ng a n d ri s i ng Sav i our ? Cf . sup ra , p 75. .

B OO K III .
T H E R E C O N ST R U C T I V E ST A TE M E N T
O F T H E D O CT R I NE .
P A RT I .
P RE LI M I NAR Y Q UE S TI ON S .
C H AP T E R I .
THE IN T E L LE CTU AL N EE D F O R A CH RI ST O LO GY .
T HE Ch isti ligi is ck wl dg d t c sist i

r an re on a no e e o on n or
i v lv c t i spi itu l ttitu d t t h p s f J sus

n o e a er a n r a a e o e er on o e
Ch ist Hist ic lly it is i this w y th t Ch isti ity

r . or a n a a r an
h asd fi d its lf b t h i xp i c d i th y ; f m
e ne e ,
o n e er en e an n eor ro
th efi st it h b
r spi itu l m v m t i which H
as e en a r a o e en n e
is ssig d t h c t l pl c d b c m s th bj ct f
a ne e e n ra a e an e o e e O e o
explicit f i th N b ch f t h Chu ch h
a . jydo ra n o e r as en o e a
st g c t gi us lif which h c s d t l k to J sus

ron or on a o e as ea e o oo e
wi t h d i g t ust d t fi d i Him th bidi g w y t

a or n r an o n n e a n a o
th F t h
e a A d th p p s l t
er . c st uct Ch isti i ty
n e ro o a o re on r r an
by displ ci g J sus f m this p siti is

a n e which l v s ro o on on e ea e
th efi m g u d
r f f ct by su
ro d i g c ti uity wi t h
n o a rren er n on n
th e p st d d pti g th visi y p g m m f
a an a o n e on a r ro ra e o a
L U D
I T E RAT m f
RE— or n er , f S ys te o Ch r i s t i a n D octri ne, 18 9 0 ; K a ta n ,
Zu r D ogma ti k, 1 9 0 4 Ga r v i e , S tu d i es i n th e I n n er L if e of J esu s , 19 0 7 ;
Ca i rd , F u n d a men ta l I d ea s of Ch r i sti a n i ty , 18 99 ; S i m ps on , F a ct of Ch ri s t ,
K hl Wi h f d h i tl i h L h 3
1 9 0 5 ; F orsy t h , Per so n
'
1 9 00 a er ,
ss en s c a t e r c r s c en e r e ,
a nd P l a ce f
o J esu s Ch ri s t, 19 0 9 Fra nk , Sy stem d er ch r i s t l i chen Wa h rh ci t 3 ,
18 9 4 .
28 6 TH E P E R S ON OF J E S US CH RI ST
re ligi u s lif w thy t t i th ights f th Ch isti

o e or o re a n e r o e r an
na m whil y t e ou ci g t h fu d m t l Ch isti
e e r en n n e n a en a r an
c victi
on on .
I l t ch pt w sh ll i qui i m d t il
n a a er a er e a n re n ore e a
wh t is m t by th st t m t th t Ch ist is i t h
a ea n e a e en a r ,
n e
p p s s f th w d th bj t f ligi u s f ith At
ro er en e o e or , e o ec o re o a .
p s t w ss m t h f ct A d f m it w d iv th
re en e a u e e a . n ro e er e e
i m m di t i f c th t f
e a e s i g m it is im p ssibl
n er e n e a or r ea on n en o e
t f i f m t h tic l i t p t ti f this P s
o re ra n ro a eor e a n er re a on o er on
i
n wh m th y b li v If w put f ith i J sus d
o e e e e . e a n e ,
an
if Luth us d t y f ith d G d b l g t g th
, as er e o sa , a an o e on o e er ,
w must s k
e xpl ti f O who f t l st
ee an e an a on o ne so ar a ea
o ccupi s p siti i t h Ch isti c sci us ss

e a o th t
on n e r an on o ne on a
sid f lity which w c ll Divi

e o rea w must k wh th e a ne
1
e as e er
H h e th lity w ll th ligi us v lu of G d
as e re a as e as e re o a e o .
Th e p stl s who h d b p p d f t h G sp l by
a o e ,
a een re a re or e o e
th p f u d st ligi f tiquity f lt th t th
e ro o n e p re on o an , e a e c on ce
ti f G d h d b
on o dic lly m difi d by th i xp i c
o a een ra a o e e r e er en e
o f J sus ; e d th s wh sh th t xp i c i its
an o e o a re a e er en e, n
re g ti g p w must lik th m b c sci us f

en e ra n o er, e e e on o O an
i p ssibl impuls t s ch t d c st u t i t lli

rr e re e e o e ar ou an on r e o n e
g c th i m plic t s f Ch ist s d mi g i flu c d
en e e a e o r
’
re ee n n en e , a n
in p t icul f His p s l l ti ship t th F th

ar ar o er on a re a on o e a er .
N t m o ly th t is ught D gm tic t i clud Ch is

ere ,
a ,
o o a o n e a r
t l gy
o o f its i t g l c stitu ts but t h
as on e t sk
o n e ra on en , e a
o f Ch ist l gy is p sc ib d
r b i i ti by t h
o o sp cific lly re r e a n o e e a
Ch isti xp i c Sil c
r an e t h m tt is vwl
er en e . en e on e a er an a o a
th t w f l
a ed f Ch ist m di ti g
ee p s l
n o n ee o r as e a n ou r e r on a
p ss ssi
o e f G d K ft puts th t uth ot whit
on o o . a an e r n a
t oo st gly wh h ss ts t h t Ch ist l gy is ith

ron en e a er a r o o e er
th ed ct i f Ch ist s G dh d it is thi g t l l
o r ne o r
’
o ea , or no n a a .
2
Th e l qu sti b f us is h w t h m J sus
on e rea e on e ore o e an e
is G d f t h b li vi g mi d but this qu sti w m y

o or e e e n n , e on e a
no t hi k S r .
this c t tio th t
To on en n a the md o ern th ologie an has
no ch ic but t
o h i t l gi
e o
“
c r s o o se th ere a re , hwv o e er, two
1
Cf . Denn ey , J es u s and th e Gosp el .
2
Z TX . 18 1 .
28 8 THE P E RS ON OF J E S US CH RI ST
J s s Ch ist d t Him i th high s t plac F th

e u r an se n e e e . or e
a p s tl s Ch ist fill d th wh l sph

o e r f G d d th
e e o e er e o o , an e
s ttl m t f fu d m t l issu s b tw Divi h li ss

e e en o n a en a e e e en ne o ne
an d hum i st d an wh t H w s n d h dre cm e on a e as an a ae o
p l i hs d eN t l.ss f u s t d y f
o ith i Gode m s or o- a a n ea n
f i t h i J sus I this iv d xp im t l s s it
a n e . n na e an e er en a en e,
is t t much t o y th t t h G dh d f J s u s is d
no oo sa a e o ea o e e
fil fae th orCh isti mi d Th u s lye th r vit l an n . on ca n e a
c ti uity f t h Ch isti
on n ligi b p s v d It is
o e r an re on e re er e .
an p qu sti f c u s wh th th t ms ci tly
o en e on , o o r e, e er e er an en
e mpl y d t d fi J su s u iqu t sc d c will t

o e o e ne e
’
n e ra n en en e no
b m dm t ; but th spi itu l ttitud th y wit s t

ea r a en en e r a a e e ne s o
is t h ss c f ligi
e e w h v l
en e o t it f m Ch ist
re on a s e a e earn ro r
Himself To l t this is t lt th ligio ; d why

. a er o a er e re n an
i t h t ca s t h old
n a m sh uld be t i d is s m thi g
e na e o e re a n e o e n
o f amyst y O c b d th N w T st m t
er . n ie a an on e e e a en con v c
ti of J sus l ti t m
on e d t h i s t Him
’
re a d on o en , an e r o , an
whil d ubtl ss f
e otim it m y b di ffi C l t t st i
e or a e a e u o re ra n
our h ts f m g i g t t Him
ea r ro f ld i d i g
o n ou o as o . o n a or n
w ship th l aps f tim m y b t ust d t do its f t l

or , e e O e a e r e o a a
wo k W sh l l c s t t ust H i m; f O wh is
r .
”
e a ea e o r or ne o
simply h um t t h mi d c t m i d bl to th
an o e n an n o re a n a ora e e
c sci c d th h t
on en e an e ear .
Tu i g w t th p pos d w c t go y l t u s
rn n no o e ro e ne a e r , e
no e t h w imp ssibl it is t cc pt h
o o ge i u s e o a e ero or n as a
s tisfyi g d sig ti of J sus Ch ist F

a n e na thi g it on e r . or on e n ,
h l t i to th si gul s lf c sci us ss mi d
a s n o re a on e n ar e - on o ne rror e
i n th G sp ls If l gu g h
e o em i g this is
. an a e as a ea n n , a
f m w k i t which J sus th ught f Hims lf

ra e or n o th e
’
o o e , as e
u iqu S
n e f th F th on d th f t h u iq u
o e a er an e re ore e n e
D liv e f m er er simply c t b c mp ss d If w
o an , a nn o e o re e . e
c ll Hi m h
a it is ly b c us t t h s m tim H
ere , on e a e a e a e e e
re v ls Hims lf i fi it ly m
ea A d th t
e m as n n e ore . n a no a n ca n
b m e is or e p v bl a p i i dogm sulti g f m
an un ro a e r or a , re n ro
a vi l t pplic ti f th bst ct p i cipl f U if mity

o en a a on o e a ra r n e o n or .
Al g wit h this h w v
on w t h t th , thic lo e er, e ca n s ee a e e a
qu lity a c s t ituti i dic t d by th tw sugg st d

or on on n a e e o e e
w ds is i pp sit t th c s Th p w s f g ius
or na o e o e a e . e o er o a en ,
J ES US As RE L I GI O S U GE N I US 28 9
an d th i ctiv x ti h v f c p op ly to his
e r a e e er on , a e r e eren e r er
o w n s lf c t d will His sup m i m is t

e - en re lis . re e a o rea e
him s lf t xp ss his tu p f ctly t d v l p d

e , o e re na re er e ,
o e e o an
u f ld th b m l p w s p t u p withi him H
n o e a n or a o er en n . e
h as n o s s f t ust d missi ; m
en e o th f
an en r e on en a re ere or
h i m to i th p oc ss f hi s lf m if st ti
use n e d r e o s e - an e a on , an
wh th th utc m will b t bl ss cu s th m is
e er e o o e e o e or r e e
a qu sti f l ti ly slight im p t c J sus

e on o re a th ve or a n e . e , on e
o th h d is t h Ch ist H is c m t t d His w
er an ,
e r . e o e no o o o n
will but t h will f G d wh s t Him N t t d v l p

e o o o en . o o e e o
or gl i fy His w t is His fi st c but t s v ;

or o n n a ure r a re, o er e
to s v t h F th p im ily but F th wh is b st
er e e a e r, r ar , a a er o e
s v d by th d mpt i l s vic f m
er e e I
re th e or a er e o an . n o er
w ds th is t hi g i Ch ist s i m p so lity
or ,
er e no n n r
’
a or er na
which is t ligi us ; g ius d t h v y ligi us

no re o en n ee no a e an re o
qu lity wh t v
a A s c d id
a e ti is th t g ius
er . e on con s ei a on a en
is ft ll ly qu sti f d g
a er a on It t sc ds th
a e on o e r ee . ra n en e
or di y bulk f m ki d t
n ar xt t which O
p an n o an e en ca n a
p xim t ly b m su d d th is cl ss g up of
ro a e e ea re , an
’
ere a a or ro
m en t l l f wh m t h titl
o a b o ppli d with t l bly
o e e ca n e a e o era
e qu l justic But t h Ch ist is s li t y H o w ship

a e.
‘
e r o ar . er - or
th f e re ore d h is simply g i s i t h sph

— an f will
ero en u n e er e o
— m ust lw ys b s p t d by imp ss bl gu l f f m
a a e e ara e an a a e ro
th e b li vi g w ship f Ch ist T d
e e n h is i
or o r . o a or e a ero ,
n
th e subtl st w y to d hum ity d th with

e a ,
a ore an an er e our
s lv s p t f c c iv bly h ic m ki d ; but wh
e e as ar O on e a ero an n en
w w ship J sus t h Ch ist w i m plicitly w ship G d

e or e e r e or o
i
n Him I d t d y th t
. tti t ud t w ds J sus
o no en a an a e o ar e
is p ssibl a ttitud f m tic

o e— sth tic d m i
n a e o ro an or ae e a ra
ti i which c sci c h
on n p t whic h is t f lt
on en e as no ar —
no e
as lt i g i d d t uchi g
a er n or l ti t G d ; but
n ee o n our re a on o o
wh t v h t h p p
a e er m f this ttitud f mi d
e e ro er na e or a e o n ,
it h t ll v ts
as a c cti with ligi
a e It
en no on n e on re on .
c t s ft ll i th hum E g t
en re a er a ligi must n e an o, n o ,
as re on ,
i n God .
On e pi tm o n or e ma y b e no tic d e . p s c f
I n th e re en e O
a g ius wen cut ly d d i e a re a e an sa bli n gl y c sci us f on o o ou r
dist c f m him f his c ld

an e ro ,
O o an d re mot t sc d c e ran en en e
1
9
29 0 T HE P E RSON OF J ES US CH RI ST
of oth m ; d it is th f i
er en w y su p isi g
an ere ore n no a r r n
th t with thusi sm f g ius th sh uld ft b

a en a or en ere o o en e
c mbi d i t h d v t s mi d p ssi mistic c t mpt

o ne , n e e o ee
’
n ,
a e on e
for m ki d an wh l Ad m i ti f th sup m
n as a o e . ra on o e er an
is m d a fug f m disgust t th comm c owd

e a re e ro a e on r .
His w lth f b i g is s m m g c s l ti f th
ea O e n o e ea re on o a on or e
u iv s l p v ty B t th s
n er a o f li gs which c t
er . u e e a re ee n a nn o
b th i J sus p s c His subli mity d s t put

re a e n e
’
re e n e . oe no
u s f f m Him ; i st d it giv s u s c u g to d w
ar ro n ea , e o ra e
'
ra
n ea r d c iv out f His ful ss H is

an re e e t us o ne . e n ea r er o ,
m by f
or e f ll w d ki sm th t h g t st
a r ou r e o an our n an , an e rea e
na m s i hum st y ; d i this c cti it is t

e n an or an n on n e on no e
w thy th t His v wh lmi g i flu c

or a th discipl so er e n n en e on e e
v h d th ff ct f bscu i g th i i sti ctiv s s

n e er a e e e o o r n e r n n e en e
O f His l m h d B t if w
rea p s lly c sci u s
an oo . u e a re er on a on o
O f His subdui g p w w k w by t h s m n xp i c o e r, e no e a e e er en e
th t His gifts
a f th s ls O wh l v d us i
a re or o er a o . ne o o e ,
n
ou r u w thi ss c uld t d spis y H c uld t

n or ne ,
o no e e an . e o no
re g dm ar thi gs t b h dl d d utilis d d c st
en a s n o e an e ,
an e ,
an a
a w y H c u ld t t sg ss t h high thic l l w which

a . e o no ra n re e e a a
j i s th t p s s must lw ys b t t d
en o n a er on ds v a a e rea e a s en ,
ne er
as m ly m sere ea n .
1
Wh t v th b t h sc p a e v lu f t h c t g y
er en e e o e or a e o e a e or
h it is us l ss f t h pu p s f f mul ti g t h
e ro,
”
e e or e r o e o or a n e
Ch isti Vi w f Ch i t T guid u s lv s by it is t
r an e o r s . o e o r e e o
mk a e i iti l i t i v bl mist k N w i t h
an n a rre r e a e a e . o as n e
b gi i g f ith c sists i t ki g t J sus t h ttitud

e nn n a on n a n o e e a e
whic h H Hims lf i vit d N w i th b gi i g t h

e e n e . o as n e e nn n e
na m f G d h t h fi l m i g J sus g v it d p t
e o o as e na ea n n e a e ,
an ar
O f th t m ai g is Hi ms lf But if J sus is h
ea n n d e . e a ero an
no m v if t h g t st f ll h s Ch ist l gy is
or e , e en e rea e o a e roe ,
r o o
but w st f l b u W
a a d t s t iv t b i g t
e o a o r . e n ee no r e o r n ou
th i m plic ti s f His sup m ligi us v l if th t

e a on o re e re o a ue a
v l u is i t h d m ly l tiv
a e n e en ere re a e .
A c t w it h bs v d th t t h id t h t f
re e n r er as O er e a
“
e ea a or
a w bj ct w might h v t
ne o ec t w c c pt
e a e o re a e a ne on e ,
C w h h f
’
g w dm bl p g S hl h i ra in Da s c r i stl i che
1
f . it t e oregoi n t oa e a es c a t t er s
D ogma , 3 0 5-6 .
be willi g t ck wl dg th t
n w c c ptio
o a t no e e a a ne on e n, no
hith t c ll d f m y b qui d t d sc ib H im
er o a e or, a e re re o e r e .
W must e t f c Him t y t b t h m h
no or e , so o sa ,
o e e er e er o
or g ius H h en i t st i b i g T d y e f
as no n ere n e n . O- a as o
old H hid s Hi m s lf f m th s wh would t k Him by

e e e ro o e o a e
vi l c t m k Him ki g
o en e o a e n .
This th is th fi st m th d i which m d
,
en , e r e o n o ern
th l gy h t d d t put Ch ist l gy sid It pl c s

eo o as en e o r o o a e . a e
J sus wh lly
e th sid f o li t y w c ll h m
on e e o r ea e a u an ,
an d th d i s c sist tly
en ugh th t Ch ist l gy is
en e on en en o a r o o
p t f Th l gy th d ct i f G d To th f i t h
ar o eo o as e o r ne o o . e a
i spi d by t h N w T st m t
n re th th h d this
e e e a en ,
on e o er an ,
is m th d xclud d by th si gl c sid ti th t
a e o e e e n e on era on a
w c e t st t t h Ch isti th ught of G d xc pt
an n o a e e r an o o e e as
w i clud Ch ist i
e n st t m t H is
e i tg l
r n our a e en . e an n e ra
c stitu t f wh t f us G d m s Th ich ss
on en o a , or ,
o ea n . e r ne
o f sig ific c p s t i
n th w d Divi
an e f uit f
re en n e or ne as a r o
th Ch isti xp i c f d m pti is t c p bl
e r an e er en e o re e on , no a a e
O f b i g xp ss d s v by f c t t h S
e n e re e a e re eren e o e on as
r eally to t h F th as This f ct d s Ch ist l gy

e a er . a r en er a r o o
e ss ti l
en a .
s co d p i t f vi w f m which m d
Th e e n o n o e ro o ern
Ch ist l gic l thi ki g m y b d p c t d sup flu us

r o o a n n a e e re a e as er o
is th t f lit l fid lity t t h d fi iti f Ch lc d

a o era e o e e n on o a e on .
Th t d fi iti m y b g d d
a e n t o c
on c mpl t a e re ar e as a n e o e e
in th y d l g lly bi di g
eor an ll l t g s It is
e a n n on a a er a e .
tu r e,s i us mi d will ff ct i diff c t t h

no er o n a e n eren e o e
F th s l g l b u i this d m i ; w
a er
’
on a v v o r n o a n e ca n ne er o er
e stim t t h v lu f th i u fli chi g wit ss t t h

a e e a e o e r n n n ne o e
i c ti
n arn a th s lut ss wi t h which i spit f
on , or e re o en e ,
n e O
g t t m pt ti s t
rea e th y ffi m d i symb lic
a on o err or , e a r e n o
d cum ts t h p f ct ss d i t g ity f
o en e L ds er e ne an n e r o ou r or
’
m h d Nic is
an oo p siti g i d c f
. ll
aea a o on a ne on e or a .
Ch lc d a th
e th h d b t ys c t i t d cy
on , on e o er an , e ra a er a n en en
no t m ly t d fi but t th is It mb di s v
e re o e ne o eor e . e o e , e en
i f f i tly a nd it w by llusian p t icul f m f

as e re a on , a ar ar or o
i t p t ti which it is l g i but disti ct l ss

_
n er re a on no re a a n a n o
D E FE CTS or T RA D I TI ON AL D OCT RI N E 29 3
to c y b ck i
a rr m i ds t o t h study
a f t h G sp ls
n ou r n e o e o e .
It is t hi g t h ld th t i
on e tu i g t th Sy ptics
n o o a n re rn n o e no
w must b i g with us t h
e r n light f t h E pistl s f this e o e e , or
m s simply th t t h t stim y f t h pos tl s t Ch ist

e an a e e on o e a e o r
is p l g ti
a ro on w ll c s qu c f Ch ist s
a on , as e as a on e en e , o r
’
t stim y t Hi ms lf It is quit
e on o th thi g t h ld e . e an o er n o o
th t i
a ndi g y S t
re a M k w ught t k p t h
n ,
. sa ,
. ar e o o ee e
Ch lc do f mul i th b ckg u d f
a e n or mi ds d
a n e a ro n o ou r n , an
i t p t wh t w d i vi w f its u t h it tiv t ms
n er re a e rea n e o a or a e er .
Th t is t ig
a t h sci
o tific hist y f d gm
n ore e en or o o a .
At t h uts t f i d p d t study th it is w l l
e o e o our n e en en , en , e
th t w sh uld c sid c t i
a e o s s which p clud
on er er a n rea on re e a
simpl lit l cc p t c f t diti

e or e ra It is t m ly
a e an e o ra on . no er e
th t th i flu c f t h L g s id up t diti w
a e n en e o e o o ea on ra on as
im m s d t t ll tim s s lut y It is t m ly
en e, a n no a a e a ar ; no e re
th t th
a m v s th
e re a r e by which t h myst y
ore a en u e a n on e e er
o f ourL ds p s or b pp ch d d th t f th s
’
e r on ca n e a roa e , an a o e e
p ssibiliti s t di t i ch s
o e th t ff s imm s di th
ra on o e on e a O er en e
cu l ti t es hist y l vi g g Th s
o a mi q sti o s
or - o n a e . e e a re n or ue n .
F or m d th ught th chi f d f ct i st ictly t diti l

o ern o e e e e n r ra on a
Ch ist l gy h b its i sist c

r o o ast ccid t lly but
een n en e, no a en a
on p i cipl up wh t f b vi t y is c ll d t h d ct i
r n e, on a or re a e e o r ne
o f th tw e tu s L t o t k this d ct i i a
na re . e us a e o r ne n
c v i t f m suppli d by t h W s t mi st C f ssi
on e n en or e e e n er on e on
“
Tw wh l p f ct d disti ct tu s th G dh d
o
'
o e, er e ,
an n na re , e o ea
an d th m h d w i s p bly j i d t g th i
e an oo ,
e re n e a ra o ne o e er n
on e p s with ut c v si c mp siti
er on , oc fusi on er on , o o on , or on on .
”
Th e s s f th i m p t t w d disti ct is t b
en e o e or a n or
“
n
”
o e
g t h d f m l t dic t um i t h s m ch pt
a e re ro a a er n e a e a er
Ch is t i t h w k f m di ti
r ,
n t th
e cc di g t or o e a on , ac e a or n o
b t h t u s by c h tu d i g th t which is p p
o na re ,
ea na re o n a ro er
t i t s lf This vi w f t h Divi hum p s lity

” 1
o e . e o e ne- an e r on a ,
p s t v i t h i i m f L s E pistl is th t i
re e n e en n e ni ce o eo
’ “
e, a n
which t di t i c m to st but which w f ils t

ra on a e re ,
no a o
s tisfy t h g t bulk f v g lic l th ol gi s W

a e r ea . o e an e a e o an . e
n d g t t t his p i t
ee no a c ll th sch l stic subtl ty d o n re a e o a e an
ar tific f th mm i ti i d i m t m d v l p d with
e o .
e co u n ca o o a u e e o e an
1
0 . vi ii. 2 .
29 4 TH E P E RSON OF J E S US CH RI ST
e v i c si g c mpl xity i p st R f m ti d ys d
e r- n rea n o e n o - e or a on a , an
issui g i n bst c t ss f c c pti s dly u lik t h

n an a ra ne o on e on a n e e
m bil liti s f J sus lif N ith is it simply th t

o e r ea e o e
’
e . e er a
th t m tu tu s t t b i su ffici t ly thic l
“
e er na re rn ou o e n en e a
f
or its pu p s d is i s m w ys p culi ly fi t t d
r o e, a n n o e a e ar un e
t
o s v er d sig ti f G dh d F h it is
e as a e na on o o ea . or ere ,
p ssibl
o c m p m is m y b ff c t d Disc di g i t
e, a o ro e a e e e e . ar n s
t ch ic l d igid s s w m y h ld th t h um
e n a an '
r e n e, e a o a an
“
natu m s v ythi g p t i i g t m s p p
re ea n e er n er a n n o an
’
ro er
c stituti t h wh l sum f his spi itu l d b dily

on on , e o e o r a an o
en d wm ts ; whil
o th
en oth h d Divi tu e on e er an ne
“
na re
is q u iv l t t l l th t f ms p t f th t u b i g f
e a en o a a or ar o e r e e n o
G d o If th s t w b p t t g t h w m y th
. e e y th t o e u o e e r, e a en sa a
J sus Ch ist th G d m is Hims lf livi g u ity f

e r , e o - an, e a n n o
b t h But p t f m this ( it m y b ) t i su m u t bl e
o . a ar ro a e no n r o n a
o bj cti t w f t l di ffic lt i s m i
e on , o a a u e re a n .
Fi st t h d ct i f t h t w t u s i its t di
r , e o r ne o e o na re ,
n ra
ti on al f m imp ts i t t h lif
or f Ch ist
, i c dibl or n o e e o r an n re e
an d th ughg i g du lism I pl c f th t p f ct
oro o n a . n a e o a er e
un ity which is f lt i v y i m p ssi of Him t h e n e er re on , e
wh l is bis ct d sh ply by th fissu f disti cti

o e e e N ar e re o n on . 0
l g
on H is divid d g i st Hims lf
er on e , It h lw ys
e e a a n e . as a a
b p c iv d th t du lism f this ki d if m th
een er e e a a a o n ,
ore an
a f m f w ds
or uls t h v y th ught f d mpti
o or , a nn e er o O re e on
by m s f G d s s lf m if s t ti i fl sh Divi
e an o o
’
e - an e a on n e . ne
an d hum lt t ly viti t s t h t ut h f i c ti
an a e rna e a e e r o n arn a on.
Th simplicity
e d c h c f ll th t Ch ist w d an o e re n e o a a r as a n
did v i sh s f G d is t f t ll livi g hum lif

an e , or o no a er a n a an e .
O th c t
n y H is still h ldi g Hi ms lf t dist c
e on rar , e o n e a a an e
f m its p i c d c diti s Th h b
ro ex e r en e an on on . ere as een no
s vi g d sc t Ch ist x cut d this G d it is s id;

a n e en . r e e e as o ,
a
an d s ff d th t m
u ere It c uld t b th wis si c a as an . o no e o er e, n e
i t h l st s t d i ty i im p ssibl N w this l v s '
n e a re or e s a e . o ea e a
p f u dly dis pp i ti g imp ssi f u t hic l myst y

ro o n a o n n re on o ne a er
an d v i e s s duplicity It m s th t t h
en , n a en e, . ea n a e
rea d f t h G s p ls h c st tly t b
er o e g d o e as on an o e on ua r
a g i st his w i sti c t iv i tui t i s Th s lf C sci us

a n o n n n e n on . e e - on o
ne ss f J sus d pict d by t h v g lists w m y c ll

O e ,
as e e e e an e , e a a
29 6 TH E P E RS ON OF J ES US C H RI ST
a bst ct f m p s lity t h spi it which g th s t h

ra ro er on a — e r a er e
m if ld p ticul s i t u i t y d su ffus s ch with t h

an o ar ar n o n an e ea e
gl w d i tim cy f sp cific lly c sci us lif wh t w

o an n a o e a on o e— a e
v gu ly c ll hu m
a e tu is t huma
“
tu i an na re no an na re n
th l st It is t m st hyp th tic l w m t i l
e ea . a o o e a ra a er a ,
which i f t k up i t d sh t th ugh with s lf

,
a en n o an o ro e -con
i bcms
sc ou s n ess , g ic f ct i e o l hu m e an or an a or n a rea an
e xp i c b t i s p ti
er en e, u t t d by its lf
u n e a ra on , as n e n an e or e ,
it is m hu m no tu th hyd g by its lf
‘
ore an na re an ro en e
is qu tic tu
a W must
a t b t mpt d i t t h
na re . e no e e e n o e
O bvi us mist k f g di g
o lm t i
a livi g
e o re ar n on e e e en n a n
u ity b i g t h s m thi g utsid th u ity withi

n as e n e a e n o e e n as n
it N w i t diti hum
. o tu i thus t k ( v
n ra on an na re s a en e en
if it b ly p visi lly )
e on l p t f m p s lity
ro on a as r ea a ar ro er on a .
Acc di g t t h t ch ic l ph s t h m h d is
or n o hye e n a ra e , e an oo an
p t ti
os a Wh t c s t itut s th p s is th E g f th
c . a on e e er on e o o e
p xist t L g s wh ssum s i t u i with His w

re -e en o o ,
o a e n o n on o n
hyp st sis th t wh l c mpl x b i fly d sc ib d

o a a hum o e o e r e e r e as
“
an
na tu c v yi g t it t h p p ti s f His divi ity

r e,
”
on e n o e ro er e o n .
C t i t ch s f t h Chu ch wh f lt k ly t h
er a n ea er o e r , o e een e
u l ch ct f
n rea i m p s l hum ity st v t
a ra er O an e r on a an ,
ro e o
re d ss t h b l c by ss ti g th t
re e L ds m h d
a an e a er n a ou r or
’
an oo
is p s l s p t ly
e r on a i its w ight with t h
e a ra e or n o n r , e
u v id bl sult th t tw p s liti s c m ly t
na o a e re a o er on a e a e on oo
pl i ly t b p dic t d f t h
a n o Ch ist A tw f ld
e re a e o e on e r . o o
p s lity h w v is t m ly s m thi g th t w
e r on a ,
o e e r, no ere o e n a e
f il t u d st d ; it is s m thi g w
a o n er quit w ll t
an o e n e s ee e e o
b i m p ssibl
e I f ct b i g i wh m w t h G d
o e . n a ,
a e n n o no e o ,
a cts w t h m is qu lly p ll t t f ith d

,
no e an, e a re e en o a an .
th y It i m pli s th t t
eor . ch th G dh d w must e a o rea e o ea e
p ss t b y d t h m h d d i
a ou e on th tw e an oo ,
an r ce y ersa — e o
b i g utt ly h t g us d disp t th t t u
e n so er e e ro en eo an a ra e a no r e
u i is c c iv bl
n on on e a e .
This dil mm t h th Scyll f edupl x p s a, en — e a O a e e r on
a lity d th Ch ybdis f
an imp s l m h d h
e ar o an e r on a an oo — a s;
i v i bly p v d f t l t th d ct i f t w tu s
n ar a ro e a a o e o r ne O o na re .
l f it t k s J sus m h d s i usly th N w T st ’
a e e an oo er o ,
as . e e e a
m t of c u s d s by i s t i ct it m k s shipw ck
en o r e oe n n ,
a e re on
TH E T wo-N AT U RE D OCT RI N E 29 7
th e no ti
d ubl S lf If
on th
of th h d i t
a o e e .
,
on e o er an ,
i sis t s t h u ity f th p s t h u v id bl sult

n 0 11 e n o e er on , e na o a e re
is t b idg t h i t g it y f th m h d d p s t
o a r e e n e r o e an oo an re en a
Figu wh m it is di fficult t id tify with t h J sus

re o o en e e
o f th Sy p t ic G sp ls
e F t dit i t h u ity f
no o e . or ra on e n o
th e p s is lw ys p bl m d t t h l st
er on a a a ro e ,
an o e a a
myst y ; f t h N w T st m t it is t h fi st lity
er or e e e a en e r r ea
w t uch
e F
o t diti it pp s. or hyp th tic l ra on a ea r as a o e a
c clusi t t t iv ly p sit d t t h cl s f i t ic t
on on en a e o e a e o e o n r a e
p c ss s f s i g ; f t h N w T st m t it is giv
ro e e o r e a on n or e e e a en en
i
n di ct d igi l i m p ssi
a re Fan t diti t h or na re on . or ra on e
qu sti is th t f u iti g t w bs t cti s which h v

e on a o n n o a ra on a e
b d fi d i b c t st t ch t h ; f
ee n e ne n mi d a re on ra o ea o er or a n
which t k s its ligi f m t h N w T st m t t h

a e re on ro e e e a en e
p bl m is t i v stig t th g u ds which h v l d
ro e o n e a e e ro n a e e
Ch isti s i v y g t c f ss t his c c t hist ic

r an n e er a e o on e on r e e or
p s J sus Ch ist
e r on , G d e If bj cti b m d t r ,
as o . o e on e a e o
t his v e w d w k f i t p t ti
e r-r en e eimp chi g or o re - n e r re a on , a s ea n
th efi l t uth f Ch lc d t w c sid ti s I thi k

na r O a e on , o on e ra on ,
n ,
m y b u g d by w y f
a e swr Fi st it is imp ssibl
e a o an er . r , o e
t b li v th t t h
o e e hu m i t llig c h m d
e a e
p an n e en e as a e no ro
g ss si c th fift h c tu y i t h p cisi
re ,
n e e d lic cy en r ,
n e re on or e a
o f its i st u m ts n t h t t his p g ss is i
r en w y t
,
or a r o re n no a o
th e dv t g f Ch is t i th ught S c dly ch
a an a e o r an o . e on , ea
m d o e rn w it wh t v hi th d xy d s i f c t put
r -
er , a e er s or o o ,
oe n a
a m l ss m d c st ucti up th c t g i s
ore or e o e rn on r on on e a e or e
o f th ci t Chu ch It must b
e an en u l ss h is r . e s o, n e e
c t t m ly t p t t h c cili ph s s N
on e n er e o re ea e on ar ra e . O
his t y t llor b w itt

a a y xp si t ican f t uth e r en , or an e o on o r
hist ic lly c iv d t h w i t i g f which is t li k d t

or a re e e , e r n o no n e o
p s t xp i c by s c t b d f sh i g t h p i t
r e en e er e n e a e re on ,
re en n e o n
o f vi w d thus imp ti g
e , an v l d v lu bl l m ts or n no e an a a e e e en
o f t u th r O ly d ply f lt i t st i th p s t giv s
. n a ee e n er e n e r e en e
pw to er im t t h p st
o re a n a e e a .
Fu th m it is c ss y t d ss t h b l c
r er or e, ne e ar o re re e a an e
which h d b dis t u b d by t h p t i l bs c f m
a e en r e e ar a a en e ro
th e p t istic mi d f st dy g d f t h m h d
a r n O a ea re ar or e an oo
o f J sus N m d
e d. b u co sci us
o f th
o ern r ea er ca n e n n o o e
d c tic st i p s t i m u ch ly w iti g T ft
o e ra n re en n ea r r n . OO o en ,
p h ps m st typic lly i Cy il t h hu m ity f C h i t

er a o a n r ,
e an o r s
is t f th li t tl m th s m bl c ; d w h v
se or as e or e an e an e an e a e
s h w this bi s m
e en o d m p ss d m di v l
a or e an or e re e on e ae a
th ught d t l st vi t u lly blit t d i t h mi d f

o ,
an a a r a o e ra e n e n o
th Ch ch xp sit t h sig ific c f N w T st m t

e ur e o or e n an e o e e a en
w ds t J sus li bility t t mpt ti i fi mity d

or as o e
’
a o e a on , n r , an
e v y wh l s m hum f li g Disti c t st t m ts
er o e o e an ee n . n a e en
a b t His g wth i wisd m d th lik w ig d

ou ro n o an e e ere n ore or
twist d i f ls di cti
e n It s m d th ugh u i
a a e re on . ee e as o n on
with th L g s h d d tu lis d His xp i c m

e o o a en a ra e e er en e as an .
H w o c ctiv m v m t t i with th R f m ti
a orr e e o e en se n e e or a on
m v m t th p c t ic i th s s th t it t k
-a o e en an ro o en r n e en e a oo
hum f cts p i t f d p tu
an a as d h w v st g i s
o n o e ar re— an o a a n
a cc u d th by t t h m d
r e e re ligi us sti m t f J sus
o e o e rn re o e a e o e ,
w h ve d v u d t xpl i Th Chu ch c iv d
a e en ea o re o e a n . e r re e e a
ne w i m p ssi f His ct u l c
re on d f th o i g ifi a a a reer an o e S n
c c f His M ssi ic c sci us ss N t ly so ; but

an e o e an on o ne . o on
i t is w i m p ssibl f
no us t d pt o is d i much e or o a o —as on e n
t diti l C h ist l gy
ra on a mi imisi g t r sp cti g t h
o o — a n n on e r e e n e
i m m sity f s c ific m d by G d i b c mi g m
en o a r e a e o n e o n an ,
with lif liv d i fl sh d d fi d by t h limits f

a e e n e an e ne e o
mu d n xp i c A p ti lly d thicisi g t d cy
an e e e r en e . ar a e -e n en en
o f th ki d just t d w
e n tu lly cc mp i d by no e as na ra a o an e a
l ss th m l vi w f s c m ts d f th i m d
e an ora e o a ra en ,
an O e r o e
o f cti i t h s ul ; d it is w th ti g th t wh
a on n e o an or no n a en
th R f m s tu
e d b ck s lut ly t t h hist ic
e or er rn e a re o e o e or
Ch ist r G d s ly S
, as d oR d m
’
th y on on an ou r e ee er , e re
i d ls t h
v ve p imitiv p st lic c c pti f B ptism
a o e r e a o o on e on o a
d t h L d s S upp c v yi g t m m gic l
’
an e or er, as on e n o en no a a
g c ra s m i p h ysic l i flu c
e or e bl ssi g but th L d
- a n en e or e n ,
e or
J sus Ch ist i His wh l s vi g p w

e r n At ch p i t o e a n o er . ea o n
a f sh vi w f Ch ist q u ick d th i s s f hist ic

re e O r en e e r en e o or
f cta .
W c clud th f e th t f ith i Ch ist is t t

on e, er e ore , a a n r no o
b c fus d wit h
e on dh si t e p ticul Ch ist l gic l a e on o a ar ar r o o a
f mul
or d th t t ha, d ct i
an f tw tu s i t h
a e o r ne o o na re ,
n e
r igid bst ct sh p giv it by t diti is d t ch bl

a ra a e en ra on , e a a e
d ct i i qu sti
o r ne lt g th
n A Ch ist wh m th y
e on a o e er . r o e
c t pl c lumi usly i l ti t lif

an n o a e th ught is
no n re a on o e or o a
Ch ist wi t h
r l ity f th m M v it is v i t
no r ea or e . oreo er, a n o
sp k if ou s l w th sp sibili ty f gi t ti g
ea as r a on e e re e re on o a a n
th s g t issu s Al dy v i us d fi it m d
e e rea e . rea ar o e n e o ern
th i s f Ch i st h v b
e or e o pl c d b f t h w ld ;
r a e e en a e e or e e or
s m f th m it m y w ll b
o e o e ,f ki d w h v a e e, are o a n e a e no
O pti but t j ct ; d w c t supp s th t it is

on o re e an e an n o o e a
p ssibl t d l wi t h t h m s tisf c t ily s v

o e o ea p i cipl s e a a or a e on r n e
which pp l t t h Ch isti mi d f
a ea o w tim e r an n O our o n e
p i cipl s which
r n c sist t with ch t h
e d w uld
a re on en ea o er an o
fi d th i pl c i
n e r p si t iv d c st uctiv st t m t
a e n a o e an on r e a e en .
Th f ct th t
e ach s d Vi w f Ch ist s h uld c ll f
a ea rea on e e o r o a or
c iticism d m dific ti t t h h ds f l t g s
r an o a on a e an o a er a e , so
f
ar f mbi gro mb ssm t is p f u d t stim y
e n an e a rra en , a ro o n e on
to th m g itud f th th m Ch ist l gic l th y is

e a n e O e e e . r o o a eor
i t uth lik t h g
n r t c th d l It is v b u tiful f
e e re a a e ra . e er ea or
w ship g t f s vic subli m

or ,
rea ort t f m th er e, e as a r e rea ro e
tumult f t h w ld d it is f v u fi ish d Th
o e or ,
an or e er n n e .
”
e
Ch ist wh m y mi d g up f mi ds
r o an p d c n or ro O n ca n re ro u e
is t t h i fi it R d m f t h w ld
no e n n e e ee er o e or .
Fu th it will sc c ly b d i d th t t h t sk f
r er, ar e e en e a e a O
thus i t p ti g Ch ist f sh is vit l p t f

n er re n r a re a a ar o ou r
re ligi us s vic H is t b l v d with th h t but

o er e . e o e o e e ea r ,
a ls wi t h t h mi d It is ll but i m p ssibl f
o e n . a o e or a
th ughtful m t d J sus Ch ist fi di g i Him

o an o a ore e r ,
n n n
bl ss d ss d t l lif
e e ne d an t b c sci us f
e ern a e, an no e on o o a
p w f l d si t
o er u ch c h t vi ws f His p s
e re o re a o er en e o er on .
Wh t w l dy k w f Him h l d us to f ith d
a e a rea no o as e a an
w ship ; m y t ( h will k ) d p d k wl dg if
or a no e as a ee en e no e e,
it b t t i bl dd y t p f u d sig ific c t
e a a na e, a a e ro o n er n an e o ou r
c f ssi f His m ? Is it t u w thy t h t i

on e on o na e no n or a n an
a
g wh
e m p
en p d t sp
en d ti m d
a re p w re a re o en e an o er
l vishly i t h i v stig ti f t h p p ti s f m tt
a n e n e a on o e ro er e o a er,
an d ch w st p t w ds t h c qu st f tu is
ea ne e o ar e on e o na re
s lu t d wi t h
a e p ud d g g titud Ch isti a ro an ea er ra e, r an
thi k s sh uld fl g i th ff t t
n er o ch lucidi ty d
a n e e or o re a an
t u t h f judgm t t t h p s f
r o en L d ? Why as o e e r on o our or
S Y ST E M ATI C TH O U GHT RE Q U I RE D 30 1
sh uld w tu f m th s p bl ms
o e rn ro sily with t h e e ro e so ea e
sa d c f ssion e Ig m t ig
on : bi m ? Such w rds
n ora us e n ora us o
th ugh th y
o ft t k
e a re O p f f p culi
en a en so — a re n o roo o a e ar
susc p t ibili ty t t h v wh l m i g p w f Ch ist th

e o e o er e n o er o r — e
mi d b i g it w dumb b f Him ; th y sugg st

n e n as er e e ore e e ,
ra th th t th v y s ul f t h G sp l Imm u l G d
er , a e er o o e o e — an e , o
wi t h h u s— f l f t u imp ss d M y w it s
as so ar e us n re e . an r er
on d ct i t th p s t m m t
o r ne a ith dubi u s t
e re en o en a re e er o as o
th e v lu f syst m tic th ught

a e o f id f th i w
e a o or a ra o e r o n
m i d s ; Ri t schli ism with ll its s vic t

n an f ith h,
a er e o a , as a
littl disp g d th
e a ra f s i th l gy ; d f
e e u se o r ea on n eo o an O
no thi g n w m a re i d th e wis d i st uct d

or e n n ee an a e an n r e
c u g W qui th b v h t th t will l u ch t
o ra e . e re re e ra e ea r a a n ou
i t t h d p P i cipl s d m th ds m y y t b g i d
n o e ee . r n e an e o a e e a ne ,
b s d lik i f ith d s by m s f which

a e a e n a an l re a on , ea n o a r ea
an d p si t iv c mm d f t h g
o e ot v i t i s f Ch ist l gy
an O e rea er e O r o o
m y b s cu d f
a e et h i t llig
re c f or w t im Th e n e en e o ou r o n e . e
qu sti is ip f
e on x mi t i
r e t m or ly f m t h
r e -e a na on , no er e ro e
p i t f vi w f t h p l gist k t wi t h utsid
o n o e o e a o o ,
e en o n e o er,
an d t mpt d by this v y k
e e ss t t t u t th er een n e o a en a e e un
sp k bl gift i his s ch f t h mi i m u m f t uth

ea a e n ea r or e n o r a
n or m l c t mp y
a on e b i duc d t cc pt Still
ora r ca n e n e o a e .
m u g tly it ds t b f shly sc ut i is d f m t h
or e r en n ee o e re r n e ro e
p i t f vi w f t h Ch i t l gi p p wh s p t i t is
o n o e o e r s o o an ro er, o e ar
t f m ul t
o or if th t b p ssibl l l t h t Ch ist is to t h
a e, a e o e, a a r e
f lly su
u d d m i d ; t p mi t t i g th p
rr en ere n v g no er n e oor a era e
of f i t h t t its lf up c it i but ski g i sis t

a o se e as r er on , a n n
en t ly wh Ch ist m u st b
o if H r is i d d th M di t e e n ee e e a or ,
t h Adv c t with t h F th
e o a e th p s wh h v il d e a er , e er on o as a a e
as ap piti ti f th si s f t h wh l w ld W
ro a on or e n o e o e or . e
h v t c tch
a e o a m i ds t t h l w st f m f b li f
on ou r n ,
no e o e or o e e
c m p tibl with p f ssi f Ch is t i ity but s m

o a e a ro e on o r an , o e
thi g f t h i c dibl w d f t h J sus wh

n O e n re smd e on er o e e o ra n o e
us wi t h His bl d A c t w i t oo s m c di l
. re en r er on o e ar na
e el m t s f th G sp l h i sis t d
en o e th
o d m d th e as n e on
“
e e an ey
mk fa e l g m t f hu m f cul t y t t k i t h
or a n en a r e en o an a o a e n e
u i m gi d g t ss wly
n a ne l d i
r ea n e th m by G d ne re v e a e n e o
an d t his s s f dil t i
en e o f i fi i ty f i xh s t ibl
a d on , o n n , o ne au e an
u di g m g itud is t h l m t w
n en n a m st of ll
n e, e e e en e a re o a
b d t p ss i t
ou n th tic st t m ts It m y b
o a n o ou r eore a e en . a e
tk
a enc t i th t th stud t f Ch ist l gy will
as er a n a e en o r o o
u d g i t h fi ld f th y t h s m xp i c f
n er o n e e o eor e a e e er en e o
p p tu lly
er e w d ff t t g sp t sc d t bj ct
a re n e e e or o ra a ran en en O e
as h c u t s i th
e en l m f d v ti
o n er I b th n e rea o e o on . n o
S ph s f d ct i
e re ,
f f it h it t
o spi s th t ch
o r ne as o a ,
ra n re a ea
ne w c c pti f Ch ist w f m
on e ly t dism tl d
on o r e or , on o an e an
re sh p it l t
a th
e sc f i d qu cy giv s pl c
a er on e ore o na e a ,
e a e
t lw ys m b d d d p d high
o on e a a or e r oa an ee an .
p i t still m i s Sh ll w i m t m t
On e o n re a n . a e a a a e a
physic l vi w sh ll w st i
a e t h ic l Ch ist ski g
,
Or a e re n an e a r ,
a n
no h d qu sti s t h t m y l d t v t h s s f
ar e on a a ea ou o er e ea o
th ught ? A t sc d t p bl ms t b disc u t d
o re ra n en en ro e o e o n e
f m t h b gi i g i l v t
ro e e t ll v ts quit
nn n as rre e an or a a e en e
sub di t ? Wh t is
or na e duty t thi k thi gs t a ou r -
o n n ou ,
ev if this h uld m
en sp cul ti i t p t t i f
S o ea n a e a ve n er re a on o
J sus
e i ,v t g sticis m t d p c t i t usi
or n re e r en a no o e re a e n r on
i t such high m tt s d s t y s f ly withi th f ti s

n o a er an a a e n e ron er
of v ifi bl xp i c ? Adv c t s f t h l ss
a er a e e er en e o a e o e e
am biti us pl o w m um us th
an v a re no or e n ero an e er .
D ubtl ss t
o f
e it g s th i guidi g i t st
,
oo, so ar as oe ,
e r n n ere
is p sitiv
a o It i sists e d mpti on e b
. n on re e on as a oon
a pp ci bl m i ly th ugh c sci c
re a e d f li g ; it
a n ro on en e an ee n
dw lls th s lf c sci us ss f J sus t h v y mi

e on e e - on o ne o e as e er rr or
f G ds h t ; d th s p f u dly v g lic l p siti s

’
o o ea r an e e ro o n e an e a o on
m it er d will c iv wid symp thy I l ss c mm d

an re e e e a . n e o en
a bl f shi its t cit pl th t f ith is

e a on , c ssity but a ea a a a ne e
Ch ist l gy luxu y m k s pp l t t h dist st f

r o o a r a e a ea o e a e or
syst m t ic th ught cu i usly c m m i

e a o tim ; d so r o o on n ou r e an
th pp l which is p i m ily m t f ll wh dist ust

e a ea r ar ean or a o r
sp cul t i my ls b w lc m d by t h i d l t I
e a on a a o e e o e e n o en . n
c ti css m v
er a n a exclusiv mph sis wh t is
,
oreo e r, an e e e a on a
c ll d t h m l vi w f Ch ist m y c v
a e e ora g tiv e o r a o er ne a e c on
elusi s t His l t sc d c
on as o rea ran en en e .
I this g n l c t ti much f c u s is en era on e n on , O o r e, nu
d i bl D Fo sy th h sh w u s t h t th m lisi g
en a e . r . r as o n a e ora n
vi w i which H pp s
e n m ly l tiv ph m e a ear as a ere re a e en o en on .
M l p c p t i i f ct is
ora er e b st guid t th tu
on , n a , ou r e e o e na re
o f t u b i g ; if w dist ust t h utt

r e e n c s of th m l e r e er a n e e ora
f culty th s ms t b
a ,
s why w sh uld v
e re ee o e n o r e a on e o e er
t ust
r m i ds t
ou rll B tw th thic l d th
n a a . e een e e a an e
m t physic l vi w f Ch ist th th
e a a is e fi l o r , en , ere no na
an at g ism Th t hic l wh t k
on . ulti m t ly t u
e e a ,
en a en as a e r e,
i t h m t physic l it is m t physic l i t h o ly s s
.
s e e a a e a a n e n en e
l t t m l i t llig c Th ph m
re e va n o a ora f m l n e en e . e en o en on o ora
w th is lity pp i g t
or re a mi ds Th lity is
a ea r n o our n . e r ea
no t b hi d t h w t h
e withi it
n s c t c ; it is
e or , or n as a e re ore
th eWill th s lf c sci us ctivity f which t h w t h

,
e e - on o a , o e or
is livi g tt ibut
a H c if w
n a i spi d by
r e . en e e a re n re
Ch isti f ith to ffi m th t J sus Ch ist is id tic l

r an a a r a e r en a
with G d i will a Will m if st d i His chi v

o n — an e e n a e e
m t w hv
en — ch d poi t b y d which
e a dv c
e r ea e a n e on no a an e
is p ssibl ; f i thic l t m s th high st t ms il

o e or n e a er ,
e e er a va
a bl w h v ffi m d His t l gic l u ity wi t h G d i

e, e a e a r e on o o a n o n
a s s g ic lly di ff t f m th t which is p dic bl

en e en e r a er en ro a re a e
o f m m an I t llig t will is t h g ic c t
as an . n e en e or an en re
o f p s lity ; d t h will f J sus fix s His bs lut

er on a an e o e e a o e
st tus i t h w ld f b i g I v y c c i bl s s
a n e or o e n . n e er on e va e en e
i which this is
n t stim t of His p s it ls is a r ue e a e e r on , a o a
m t physic l stim t
e a a e a e
N sc p th is p ssibl i this fi ld
o e a e
y then o e, n e or an o er ,
f m t h blig ti t t hi k thi gs ut p sis t t ly t t h

ro e o a on o n n o er en o e
en d If w
. c sci us of th spi itu l sup m cy f
e a re on o e r a re a o
Ch ist His u iqu p siti i

r — ligi us hist y His
n e o on n re o or ,
u iqu sig ific c f

n e ch s ul w h v
n an ch ic e or ea o —
e a e no o e
but t k wh t c c pti s f His p s

o as a gu t d on e on o er on a re ara n ee
by this i m p ssi O c th s c c pti s h v b

re on . n e e e on e on a e een
g i d th y t k th i pl c
a ne ,
e m g t h t u st d
a e e r a e as a on e r e an
m st d qu t f which t h hum m i d is c p bl If
o a e a e o e an n a a e .
Ch isti xp i c cou ts f
r an eythi g th it c u ts
er en e n or an n ,
en o n
h e re It is i t uch with lity ; t h b i g which

.
‘
n o r ea e e n ou r
mi d pp h ds i J sus is l b i g A ight d ct i
n a re en n e rea e n . r o r ne
Of His p s th f is t d li g wi t h id s which
e r on , er e ore , no ea n ea
a re ly c u t s us ful m t ph ic l xp ssi s ulti

on o n er — e e a or a e re on
F AI TH AN D R E A LI T Y 305
m t ly u d m bl by f ct It is d li g with id s
a e n re ee a e a . ea n ea
c ssit t d by J sus wit ss t Hims lf d th

ne e a e e
’
ne o e an e con
fi m ti
r a f th t wit ss f
on O ish d by th st y f t h
a ne urn e e or O e
Ch u ch Th s t u id s it is u c ss y to cloth
r . e e r e ea nn e e ar e
i t h fo mul s f c cili
n e r th l gy Th l g u g t h
a o on ar eo o . e an a e, e
c t g i s th i t l l ctu l f ms of li d ys
a e or e , e n e i e a or ear er a a re n
c t i sp cts t such w
e r a n re e N
no th l ss as e ca n u se . on e e e
ou r fi l th ught f th R d m h th s m m i g
na o o e e ee er as e a e ea n n
as o f y Th c i g of f
or e . ff g s m y d ubtl ss b
e o na e a r-o a e a o e e
d f c d d s il d ; th i sc ipti s t p it m y b
e a e an o e e n r on se u on a e
i
n p t u d ciph bl Y t th
ar n e f m wh i h th
era e . e e ore ro c . e
an ci t cu cy w st u ck is still i
en rre n p ss ssi ; d
as r n our o e on an
th t sk f m d
e a Ch ist l gy w b li v is t st mp
O o ern r o o ,
as e e e e, o a
t h mi t g f shly
e n a di g it f th f t h s vic f
e re , sen n or or e er e o a
ne wg tien era on .
C H AP T E R I I .
T L Y AN D T H E H I S T O RI C CH RI ST
CH RI S O O G .
AM NG m dO th l g s th is g o ern l disp siti eo o i a n e re a en era o on
to a g th t if Ch ist l gy is t b v lid f t h m d
re e a r o o o e a or e o ern
m i d its p i t f
n ,
f c d f d p tu
o n m u st b
o r e e re n e an o e ar re e
fix d i th J s u s Ch ist f hist y This w i f ct

e n e e r o or . as n a
th e w R f m ti
ne g sp l I W st C th licis m
e or a on o e . n e ern a o
th e id h d b c m g t th t C h isti ity is t h
ea a e o e re n a n a r an e
Ch u ch whil th Chu ch i tu is Ch ist t h p p tu l

r , e e r n rn r ,
e er e a
i c ti of G d i th w ld Offi ci l d ct i m d
n a rn a on o n e or . a o r ne a e
no tt mpt t c t l Ch ist l gy by c d d f ct
a e o on ro r o o re or e a .
J sus w hidd by c wd f s i ts C c pti s f

e as en a ro o a n . on e on o
G d p v il d which h d littl
o re al ti to t h S wh
e a e re a on e on o
l
a on e m k s k w t h F th a But t h R f m s
e no n e a er . e e or er
i sist th t G d is sph d d mb di d f us i Ch is t ;
n a o e re an e o e or n r
th t ly t h is H displ y d R d m ; d th t
a on ere e a e as e ee er an a
a p ch s duty is to m k m
re a er
’
i Ch ist th a e en see n r
“
e
w k f G d d His F th ly h t tow ds us t t
or o o an a er ear ar ,
”
no o
“
t lk much of G d i th h th m
a Schl i o n e ea en a nn e r .
”
e er
m ch t
a g t this t subs qu tly to t h
er oo ra n ou no e e en e
A f kl a d Ritschli ism b its f ults wh t th y

’
u g; ru n an an , e a a e
m y h
a ,
d d i lu bl s vic by holdi g t h
as re n ere an n va a e er e n e
Chu ch s mi d cl s t t h ctu l p s f
r
’
n L d o e o e a a e r on o ou r or .
Its i fl c h c i cid d sig ific tly with t h v

n uen e as o n e n an e e er
LI TE R AT U Forrest , Th e Ch r i st of
RE — Hi s tor y and B ep er i en ce 4 , 19 0 3 ;
H errm a nn , Commu n i on wi th God , 1 90 6 ; Ki m , Gl a u be u n d Gesch i ch te,
19 00 ; Sa n d a y , Ch r i stol ogi es A n ci en t a n d M od ern , 1 9 10 ; h
Ka l er ,
2
D er
s ogen a/rm te h i stor i s che J es u s d er gesek i ch tl i ch e bi bl i s ch e Ch ri stu s , 18 9 6
u nd
W obbermi n Gesch i chte

,
u n d H i s t or i e i n d er B el i gi onswi ssen sch af t, 19 11
Gord on , Th e Ch r i st of Tod a y, 18 9 5 Ri t sch l , J u sti f i ca ti on and Reconc i li a

ti on , 190 0 ; Simp s on, F act o
f Ch ri s t, 1 9 0 0 .
306
on hist y is th m st sh tsight d of m ist k s F ith

or e o or e a e . a
d m ds
e an Ch ist wh h a bs l u t v lu f r o as a o e a e or ou r
l ti with G d but
re a on ythi g bs lut m g i o , ca n an n a o e e er e n
th e c diti d s i s f tim v ts ? H w sh ll t h
on on e er e O e -e en o a e
a bs lut pp i tim
o e a d pl c ? ear H t ligi n e an a e as no re on
its lf displ y d
e i v t t t d cy t lift wh t it
a e an n e era e en en o a
re ck s h oly t f t h shifti g st m f ch g i t
on ou o e n r ea o an e n o
th gi f th t l t h im m ut bl
e re on o e e ern a , e a e
Th bj cti m y b p u t f m t w p i ts f vi w
e o e on a e ro o o n o e
an d butt ss d by t w ki ds f gu m t O t h
re e o n o ar en . n e
phil s phic l id it d iv s ultim t ly f m t h G k

o o a S e, er e a e ro e r ee
vi w f thi gs w h ich t t f m t h study f physic l

e o n , se ou ro e O a
na tu t f m
r e, n o who is m d f hist y d is
o a n— a e or or , an
“
a
c tu f d ys d y s d ls f g
rea re o a ti s an d ear an a o o e n era on — an
which t d d to di p g th succ ssi f hum v ts

en e s ara e e e on O an e en
as s m thi g p p
o e ly t t h
n lm of v -
ro th er on o e r ea
’
e ve a i s , e
sph f ch g
er e d i c lcul bl
o v i ty which
an e an n a a e ar e ,
ca n
ne v s tisfy t h p p ly m t physic l i t st N
er a e ro er e a a n ere . o on e
ra is d th p bl m f wh t p g ss m s
e e ro hu m e o a ro re ea n ,
or an
hist y or wh l N as a i qui d wh th c c i bly

o e; O on e n re e er on e va
it h b as ssig d to m t h v hist y f t h
een a ne an o a e or or e
m i
a n n er which h hould m if st hi m s lf
n d e S an e e ,
” 1
an
wh th cc di gly i
e er a s c h f th m i g f t h
or n n our ear or e ean n o e
w ld w
or b u d t t stop h t wi t h p i cipl s
e ar e o n no o S or r n e ,
t uths l ws b c u s wh t w s k is giv o ly i f cts

r ,
a e a e a e ee en n n a ,
e v ts hist ic l t s cti s I m d
en ,
or tim s t h
a ra n a on . n o er n e , e
s m bj cti h
a e o v b
e xp ss d m p w fully
on as n e er een e re e ore o er
th i th f m us w d f L ssi g
an n e C ti g t
a o or o e n : on n en
hist ic l t uths
or a v ff d p
r f f c ss y ca n ne er a or r oo O ne e ar
t uths f s
r oN bs lut v ity
rea on b m di t d
. o a o e er ca n e e a e
th ugh v ts f tim B t w th t w li s
ro e en o gly e . e een e o e an u
b d ditch This h b c l l d by f th st g s t
roa . as ee n a e ar e ron e
bl w y t st uck t Ch isti ity Spi z gu d sim il

o e r a r an . n o a ar e on ar
li s ; d K t twi t h st di g willi g d missi th t

ne an an ,
no an n a n a on a
th eid l t k sh p d f m i t h hist ic J sus d s

ea oo a e an or n e or e ,
oe
t h si t t t ss t th t t h qu sti wh th J sus ful ’

no e a e o a er a e e on e er e
fil m t f t h id l w
en o c mpl t is l tiv ly u im p t t
e ea as o e e re a e n or a n .
1
S ee L if e o f P ri n cip a l Ra i n y , by P Ca r n egi e Si m p son , i . . 20 4 .
F AI T H A N D H I S T OR Y 309
F ith d hist y liv i disp t w lds which v

a an or e n a ra e or ne er
i t s c t Fich t c w s t h s i s by t h d cl ti
n er e . e ro n e er e e e ara on
th t i t is c t y t t h Ch is t i
a ligi t d m d
on ra r o e r an re on o e an
f i t h i t h hist ic Ch is t If m is i f ct u i t d
a n e or r . a an n a n e
t G d his duty is
o o ,
t to b p p tu lly g i g b ck up no e er e a o n a on
th e w y t such i but t liv i th thi g A y

a o u n on , o e n e n . n
thi g ls i v d s t u spi itu lity G d is v l d i

n e e n a e r e r a . o re ea e n
c sci c d i th m i m ch f v ts ; this is l l
on en e an n e a n ar o e en a
w k w
e no th ll w dt k w
on ea r , a e n ee o no .
Th sw t L ssi g pl i ly is i t h fi st pl c
e an er o e n a n ,
n e r a e,
th t hist y is t co ti g t At l l v ts f th
a or no n n en . a e en or e
Ch isti mi d su f G d d f G d s g v m t b
r an n ,
re o o an o o
’
o e rn en ,
are
c ti g cy is m i gl ss Cu i usly
on n en ugh it w ea n n e . r o en o , as
L ssi g wh did m th l l his c t mp i s t lift

e n o or e an a on e ora r e o
m en ab v th st g d id p judic th t histo y is
o e e ra n e an ar re e a r
on ly Wi w of b i gs h pp i gs l ti s d t
a rr - a rr e n , a en n , re a on , an o
e xhibit it th w ksh p f lif b t h f as ti s d

e or o o e o or na on an
p so s Th duc ti f m ki d g di g which h
er n . e e a on o an n ,
re ar n e
sp k m y d p w ds is i f ct
o e an duc ti by w y f
ee or ,
n a an e a on a O
hist ic l m di m vi g upw d f m li m it d d m g
or a e a, o n ar ro e an ea re
or igi s y t tt i i g i d ti m to h it g d fi d
n ,
e a a n n n ue e a er a e e ne
an d ich d th ugh th byg

en r e xp i c s f m ro e on e e er en e O an .
Ag i t h Ch is t i
a n, m ss g d s t i y c s c sist
e r an e a e oe no n an a e on
i
n c ss y t uths f s
ne e ar It is t f i st c
r o rea on . no ,
or n an e, a
c ss y t uth f s
ne e ar t uth th t is which is s
r o rea on — a r ,
a ,
r e
with s lf vid ci g cl e -e ss i t h mi d f v y
en n earn e n e n o e er
n or m lly i t llig t dult th t G d is

a n e t uly l ven a — a o so r o e
th t H i t p s d t bl ss d s v m ki d F
a e n er o e o e an a e an n . or
c t i ty h
er a n w must h v th c d f d fi it
e re , e a e e re or o e n e
ph m en o cc di ti g th ms lv s t c sci c d h t
en a a re n e e e o on en e an ea r .
U l ss f ith lik A t us i t h l g d s t ds fi m
n e a , e th n a
e n e e en ,
an r on e
m th o th f f ct it must c m t b pu s ti
er —ea r o a , o e o e S n en
m t l ly t f t h i
en a c sci us ss ; u c c t d
ou o e n n er on o ne n orre e ,
u c t ll d i spi d by g t ct u li t i s Ag i if it
n on r o e ,
un n re re a a a e . a n,
b s id t h G sp l
e a i v lv d i hist y m u st c s t to
e o e as n o e n or on en
b e equ lly l tiv wi t h th f cts f t h tim s i s

a re a e o er a o e e - er e
th t it h t ch s i sh t b tw hist ici t y d
a as o oo e , n or , e een or an
fi l i ty
na th sw is th t this is p u ssu m p t i
— e an d er a re a on , a n
a ssumpti wh ich m u st b ch g d if it c flicts with

on e an e on
rea l ph m It m y w ll b v h d m t physics ;
en o en a . a e e e en a e a
it is if so,t f w phil s ph s h v b gu to thi k

,
as no a e o o er a e e n n ,
lif is e t l c ti f v lti s sc
a n e e rn a t f s lf re a on o no e e ,
a en e no o e
id tic l p sist t bj cts with u v yi g m tu l l ti s

en a er en O e n ar n u a re a on ,
b u t f t h i c ss t up isi g f t h w d i m p
o e n e an r n o e ne an re
visibl F i th t c s t h f t l p supp siti

e . or n f a a e e a a re o on o
m ch isme an xh ustiv co c pti f th

as l an e a e n e on o e rea
v ish s d t h
an e ly m i i g q u stio is wh th
, an e on re a n n e n e er
th e v lty m g t t sp cific p i t i hist y w

no e e er e n a a e o n n or as
an a bs lut d ll ffi i t R d m
o e an O c m it is a -su c en e ee er . n e or e,
O bvi u s th t t h ligi us lif of m h lw ys mov d

o a e re o e an as a a e
upw d t by t h i flu c of bst ct c c pti s

ar ,
no e n en e a ra on e on ,
h w v ich
o e er v s til but by th p w of g t
r or er a e, e o er rea
p s liti s E ch v st m v m t st ts with m
er on a e . a a o e en ar a an .
It is s i t st gth b c us
r e n oid d mi d h v r en e a e an ea an a n a e
b com fus d i
e e th th ught mb di d i s ul t h
e n on e — e o e o e n a o , e
s u l d dic t d t t h th ught d cti g ly i its s vic

o e a e o e o an a n on n er e
.
This is u qu sti bly h w c c t hist y h p c d d

n e on a o on re e or as ro e e e
f m ph s t ph s ; it h m v d by i c ss t w d
ro a e o a e as o e n e an ne e
p tu s ; d if t h xi ms f m ch ic l psych l gy
ar re an e a o o a e an a o o
b k d w h lpl ssly b f
rea o P ul n Luth e e e or e a a ,
a er, or a
W sl y ck wl dgi g th i i bility to d l with t h

e e , a no e n e r na ea e
or igi l d i sc ut bl f ct s th s m s p s t it
na an n r a e a or e e na e re re en ,
is h d t ar h w th y xp ct t c p wi t h t h
o see o e ca n e e o o e e
i c mp bl lif of J sus Fi lly it is f u d th t a

n o ara e e e . na ,
o n a
p i i
r or ti s f histo ic l tivity
no on xti guish d i o r re a a re e n e n
J sus p s c Th y
e
’
b k by d m p t i
re e n e . e are ro en x
re e on as an
exp i c f ld S mso
er en e a s o b k t h st i i g with s o a n ro e e re ra n n e .
Th m e wh f ll w d Ch ist i
en P l sti d l
o tt o o e r n a e ne an ea rn o
na m Him L d th s who i v y tim h v f lt t h

e or , o e n e er e a e e e
sw p f His pow
ee o d th wi g impuls f His er an e ren e n e o
S pi it r f th m l l but is
— w th t i J sus w
n o on e o e a a a re a n e e
t uch th sup m m l lity f t h u iv s

o e re e ora r ea O e n er e .
O th hist ic l sid h w v t h bj cti t

n e or a e, o e er, e O e on o
bi di g p f ith with hist y t k s t h f m f ski g

n n u a or a e e or o a n
wh th c iticism of th N w T st m t m y t h v
e er r e e e a en a no a e
d st y d f g d d ll t h p ssibili ty f to u chi g th
e ro e or oo an a e o o n e
i n th e p s c f O who d ls with us i w y wh ich

re en e o ne ea n a s
w k w t b G d s w ys It m y h pp to y m ’
e no o e o a . a a en an an ,
a t y tim
an giv t h wit ss f
e, l ivi g C h u ch
en to b e ne o a n r , e
i sc p bly c f t d with P s wh c victs him

ne a a on ron e a e r on o on
o f m l ui y t ff s him th s vi g l v f G d A d
ora r n e o er e a n o e o o . n
if this sh uld h pp h will th k w with c t i ty

o a en , e en no , a er a n
which hist y no giv t k w y th t i this J sus

or ca n e or a e a a , a n e
h h e t uch d d m t with G d Th G sp l pictu

as o e an e o . e o e re
o f J su s c e i s with it th d m st ti a rr e f its w e e on ra on o o n
v city It is t so much th t w gu c sci usly th t

era . no a e ar e on o a
th is M c uld t h v b d sc ib d h d H t b
an o no a e een e r e a e no ee n
rea l ; th H m k s His w v m st i g i m p ssi

ra er e a e o n o er a er n re on
an d subd s us t Hims lf H is b h ld
ue th l st
o d e .
1
e e e as e a an
high st f ct of whic h m l s t k s c g iz c
e a ora r ea on a e o n an e .
It thus pp s th t t h g u d d c t t f Ch is
a ea r a e ro n an on en o r
ti f ith is v tu lly s p i t t h shifti g sults

an a e en a u er or o e n re
o f hist ic c iticism or N t ly ; t h c victi f

r . o on so e on on O
Ch ist s p w is ultim t ly u ff ct d i its c t l imp t

r
’
o er a e na e e n e n ra or
by th p g ss f i v stig ti
e ro re All i v stig ti o d iv s n e a on . n e a on er e
its d t f m th N w T st m t its lf d h th f
a a ro e e e a en e ,
an as er e ore
no o pti but to ssum t h t uth f c t i m i l m ts

on a e e r o er a n a n e e en
in th p st lic p s t ti f J sus which yi ld th

e a o o re r e en a on o e , e e
sol c it i of lity If J sus is c g i z bl t l l H

e r er on rea . e o n a e a a , e
is cog iz bl i th G sp ls d E pistl s ;
n a e n th s u c e o e an e no o er o r e
e xist B sid s it is t putti g it t st gly t y th t

s . e e , no n oo ron o sa a
t h C h ist d pict d i
e r v y p t of th N w T t m t
e e n e er ar e e es a en
is di lly th s m Ch ist Th is cl s simil ity

ra ca e a e r . er e a o e ar ,
for i st c b tw th C h is t l gy f S t M k d f
n an e, e een e r o o O . ar an o
St Joh . Th Ch ist of S t P ul lik t h Ch ist f ll

n . e r . a ,
e e r o a
th e G sp ls is c ucifi d d is L d ; th ugh ut
o e ,
a r e an r en or ro o ,
th e ttit u d of f ith to Him is id tic l Aft

a e book
a en a . er a
lik D D y s J
e r . d th G p l this p siti
en n e
’
m y esus an e os e ,
o on a
b t k
e a st blish d Sci tific i qui y th f m y
en a s e a e . en n r , e re ore, a
an d do s f c th l gy te f m its m th ds f Sc iptu
or e eo o o re or e o o r re
p f ; it c t touch th S vi u h ld f th i v y
roo an no e a o r e or , n e er
C 1
f . f m h dw d
a v i gorous se n t en ce h G p l ro J on a t an E ar s :
“
T e os e of th e
bl d G d
es se
g o d b d oes d
n ot m h m
o a b roa a - eggi n g f or i t s ev i en ce so uc as s o e
lf W k ”
h k i h
t in i hi h t dm p p
as id
ts g es t a n os t ro er ev en ce i n i ts e or s, v.
CH RI S T AND H I S T O RI CA L R E S E A RCH 3 13
p t f t h N w T st m t t p t t f i t h Th fi l
ar o e e e a en ,
o re en a n a . e na
o utc m lik of sch l ly x g sis d of si m pl Bibl

o e a e o ar e e e an e e
rea di g is m lucid pp h si f J sus Ch ist

n a ore a re en on o e r as
in th sov ig p w f His su cti H fills t h

e e re n o er o re rre on e e
p imitiv b li vi g co sci us ss This is t t y th t

r e e e n n o ne . no o sa a
th e wh l t sk of v ifyi g t h Ch isti
o e a ligi m y er n e r an re on a
s f ly b th w p t h xp i c f t h i dividu l
a e e ro n u on e e e r en e O e n a
b li v
e fi m d by p st c t u i s f f ith Th t uth
e er, con r e a en r e o a .
1
e r
a b ut J s u c t b
o e d ff t h b li vi g mi d
s an n o e rea o e e e n n
s i mp li i t Fc it i b li vi g m i d ly it h b
er . or s a e e n n on as as een
quick d by c t c t wi t h t h v li g hist y Th
ene on a e re ea n or . e
re g t s ul is m
en e ra e l i d p d tly f t h hist ic
o no ore re a n e en en o e or
Ch ist th
r child is l t t y i t lligibl p t
an a rea ,
no o sa n e e, a ar
f m his p ts Th xp i c f b i g s v d d t h
ro aren . e e er e n e o e n a e an e
k wl dg of wh t G d did t s v u s f m
no e e i divisibl
a o o a e ro on e n e
u ity d it d s t h lp i t llig c i t h l st t put

n , an oe no e n e en e n e ea o
a s u d v p visi lly wh t i f ct is j i d t g th
n er , e en ro on a ,
a n a o ne o e er .
Th t f ith sh uld m uf ctu i t w d t

a a o do y an a re s o n a a, or an
thi g but pp h d th t by which it is c t d is

n a re en a rea e ,
i c c iv bl
n on e a e .
Th p siti h e sk tch d i u tli must t

o on e re e e n o ne no ,
h w v b h st ily id tifi d with di ff t i w sup

o e e r, e a en e a e ren V e er
fi i lly
c a s mbli g it E sp ci lly th v
re e bl K ahl
n . e a e en era e er
o f H ll h a t fo th imp ssiv
e a s se gum ts t t h ff ct r re e ar en o e e e
th t i t h l st s t w must simply b c t t with

a n e a r e or e e on en
t h wit ss of t h
e ne p stl s t J sus d th t it is idl t
e a o e o e , an a e o
s k b hi d th i t stim y sci tific lly c st uct d

ee , e n e r e on , a en a r e on r e
pictu f J sus H w
re o Th e c ds h p i ts t
as e as . e r e or , e o n ou ,
d o t no v st blish t h d i which t h
e en e a td e or e r n e n a rra e
e pis d s t k pl c much l ss t h c u s f J sus pi itu l

o e oo a e, e e o r e o e
’
S r a
d v lopm t I th s ci cumst c s y
e e en . whn ims e e r an e , an on e o a
a t bi g phy f J sus is c mp ll d t fill up t h m g

a o ra o e o e e o e ea re
o utli with p iv t f ci s b s d psych l gic l l gi s

ne r a e an e , a e on o o a an a o e
which lly i lv t t
rea i l ss lif A d si c
a re rre e an o a S n e e . n n e
th v g lists i y c s
e e an e t ch icl s but p ch s
n an a e are n o ron er rea er ,
th e ff t t
e dis t gl t h hist ic J sus f m th i
or o en a n e
“
e or e ro e r
1
As i s d on e i n t h e wel l -k n own a rgum en t of D a l e, Th e L i vi n g Ch ri s t a nd
the F our Gosp el s, Lects I . . an d I I .

a cc u t must b f uitl ss b c us p v t d by ill gitim t

o n e r e ,
e a e er er e e a e
d g m t ic c sid ti s It w by t h p stl s p chi g

o a on e ra on . as e a o e
’
rea n
o f C h ist th t t h rChu ch c m i t xist c ; th i

a e r a e n o e en e e r
p chi g cc di gly must m i t h vi t l s il f h

re a n , a or n ,
re a n e a o o er
lif d th fi l c u t f pp l by which th t uth of

e an e na o r o a ea e r
h erm ss g is s cti d
e a e an on e .
1
I m uch n f this w sh ll ll cqui sc g t fully o e a a a e e ra e .
N v th l ss it d s
e er t m t t h qu sti
e e wh th ft ll oe no ee e e on e er a er a
t h G sp l
e st f us simp l y t h f ith f th m
o e ca n re or on e a o o er en .
If , Luth
as it t s f ith d G d b l g t g th
er re era e ,
a an o e on o e e r,
w e c t lly b li v i
an n o ythi g b t G d H
r ea e e e n an n u o as e
m k s Hims lf k w t
a e Ev t N w T st m t
e no n o us . en o a e e a en
e v g list it is p ssibl t y i t h l gu g f t h
an e o e o sa , n e an a e o e
S m it s
a N w w b li v
ar an t b c us
: f t h y sp ki g ;
o e e e e, n o e a e o ea n
f or w h v h e d f ou s lv s d k w th t this is
a e ear or r e e , an no a
i d d th S vi u f t h w ld ( J
n ee e Th g u ds
a o r o e or n e ro n
o f f ith cc ssibl t p stl s

a a p t us ls F
e e o a o e ar e o en o a o . or
on e thi g th imp ssi m d

n ,
th m is its lf i d x
e re on a e on e e an n e
O f its c us J sus v l d wh t H w
a e . t m ly e re ea e a e as no ere
i d d t m i ly by wh t H s id but by t h w y i
n ee no a n — a e a , e a n
which His p s lity t ld th s fixi g its lf i d libly

er on a o on o er ,
n e n e
i th i mi ds
n e r This pictu f J sus m v
n . c w re o e ,
oreo er , on e e
h v pp h d d it
a e a b m pl y d t
re enc t l th e , can e e o e o on ro e
e v g lic l
an tiv s th ms lv s Th g du l utc m
e a n arra e e e e . e ra a o o e
o f v t f m ili ity with th G sp l p t it f J sus is

re e ren a ar e o e or ra o e
t put us i
o p ss ssi f c c ptio f His p s
n o e on o a on e n o e r on , so
lumi us uth tic d s lf c sist t

no ,
a t l s us
en ,
an e - on en as o r e ea e
f m d p d c p iph l d t ils Th Ch ist shi i g

ro e en en e on er e ra e a . e r n n
ou t up us f m th s u c s is f ct
on l d su
ro e o r e a a so r ea an re
th t it t sts d tt sts its w c stitu t l m ts

a e an a e o n on en e e en .
A d t h susc ptibl
n e d f t h G sp ls simult usly
e e r ea er o e o e an eo
b gi s t fi d i t h Ch ist thus k w
e n o n R d m n e r no n a e ee er
wh b th v k s t h l gi g f G d d s tisfi s t h
o o e o e e on n or o an a e e
l gi g H v k s Thus th p stl s f ith is f us

on n e e o e . e a o e
’
a or a
mi fl cti g t h ctu l J sus d bli g u s to k w

rror r e e n e a a e ,
an en a n no
Him f u s lv s or o r e e .
1
D er s ogen a n n te hi stor i sch e J es u s u nd d er gesch i ch tl i ch e, bi bl i sch e
' 2
Ch r i s t u s
is u d ubt dly f ight th t

He n o l gitim t e so ar r a no e a e
d v l pm t i
e e o c c pti f Ch ist
en n b b
ou r on e on o r ca n e a a re
e xt l ddi t i t
er n a i cipi t b li vi g vi w Al l
a on o ou r n en e e n e .
t u l m ts f
r e e e v g lic l Ch ist l gy must b
en O an e an e a r o o e
implicit f m t h fi st ; p i ts t which th y
ro eb r o n o e ca n e
f st d wh u f ld d l t
a en e d whichen lly d m d
n o e a er , an re a e an
th m e c m pl t st t m t
or e giv th ugh l t tly
o e e a e en ,
a re en , o a en ,
i t h i iti l c f ssi J sus is L d B li f i t h “

n e n a on e on , e or . e e n e
re su cti is c s i p i t T g sp
r re on a ck wl dg a e n o n . o ra or a no e e
w t hily t h is L d m m ust h v b i m p ss d
or e r en or , a an a e een re e
wi t h J sus i c t i w y O f ith i t h
e n a er a n a . ur a n e resu rrec
ti th ugh it fi ds cc si i th Sy ptic
on , o tiv s
n o a on n e no n a rr a e
d ws its i t sity d p ssi f m

ra n en s s f J sus an a on ro ou r en e O e
g t ss ; w t ust t h p w
r ea n e d gl y f t h Ch ist
e SO r e o er an or o e r
d pict d i t h G sp ls th t th p s t lic wit ss t

e e n e o e , a e a o o ne o
His t iumph wi s r f ss t Wh t w uld b n ou r ree a en . a o e
f t stic if ss t d f
an a th cl ly is p dic bl of
a er e o an o e r, ea r re a e
Him But p i cipl of this ki d h w v s u d d s

. a r n e n ,
o e er o n ,
oe
t c v H m s p siti p i t f f ct b li f ’
1
no o er I e rr an n o on . n o n o a , e e
in th su cti e fre r L d is r re t p wi
on t h o ou or no on a ar
v i us d ct i l ffi m ti s of which th l gy v ils
ar o o r na a r a on eo o a a
its lf f th i t p t t i
e or f J suse M di t
n er F re a on o e as e a or . or
th esu cti is its lf p t f t h v l ti to b

re rre on e ar o e re e a on e
i t p t d I t is
n er re e i t g l l m t i t h wh l
. an n e ra e e en n e o e
p s t d d tum i which t h l v f G d h b com

r e en e a n e o e O o as e e
m if st f
an e s lv ti O or f ith st ds up t h
ou r a a on . ur a an on e
en ti f ct f Ch ist d His xp i c
re a o th t th ugh
r an e er en e , a s a ro
which G d s s vi g p w h b o
’
v ld d md
a n o er as een re ea e an a e
ff ctiv But J sus xp i c did t d i d th ’

e e e . e e er en e no en n ea .
It mb c d su cti
e ra ls e d this reb ig d
rr e on a o, an can e n or e
on ly by viol t ff t of bst cti a R m v en th e or a ra on . e o e e
e xp i c of E t m i g th f
e r en e d th v l ti
a s er or n n , ere or e, an e re e a on
o f G d t which w o C ll d t
o sp d is lt d e a re a e o re on a ere ,
b c us t h qu l ity d v lu f J sus wh l c
e a e e a is an a e o e
’
o e a reer
a lt d S m thi g g t h b withd w f m th
ere . o e n rea as ee n ra n ro e
P uli
a cli m x It is Ch is t th t di d y
ne a th
:
“
th t r a e ,
ea ra er a
w as is d f m t h d d wh is t t h ight h d f
ra e ro e ea , o a e r an o
1
Cf Hari ng
. an d Rei sch l e Z TK ,
. 1 29 -13 3 .
THE H I ST ORI C CH RI ST A RI S E N L ORD 3 17
God Dimi ish th v l ti

. d p f c
n th f ith e re e a on , an er or e e a
which cts v l tio is lso dimi ish d A Ch ist

r ea on re e a n a n e . r
wh m w k w t h v b
o e is d t of d th d
no o a e een ra e ou ea , an
to h v sh w Hims lf to His discipl s

a e o n th Livi g e e as e n
O n e, d Ch ist f wh m w
an a t quit c ti
r o o e a re no e er a n
wh th H is ise er t e bvi usly diff t r en or no ,

a re o o so er en
th t t h y must v k quit di ff t ligi us i t s t

a e e o e a e er e n re o n ere .
If vi w f G d th f is t b fully Ch isti if
our e o o ,
ere ore , o e r an ,
w t b li v i Him
e a re o m ip t c
e l ss th l v
e e n as o n o en e no e an o e,
w must h ld th t t h
e su cti o t s vit lly i t t h
a e re rr e on e n er a n o e
c tiv g u d f f ith It is p t f t h G sp l i
rea e ro n o a . ar o e o e n
which J sus is h ld f th O t put it th wis t h

e e or . r, o o er e, e
hist ic Ch ist is t t h c p t f N z th m ly
or r no e ar en er o a a re ere ,
th H e f hum ity t h
ero o ci t ligi us g ius ; H is an , e an en re o en e
t h Lo d wh s g i t t h gl y f th F th 1
e r o ro e a a n o e or o e a er .
T m up tho th
su Ch ist titl d to b c ll d , en , e r en e e a e
hist ic is t h C h ist m di t d t u s by t h t stim y f

or e r e a e o e e on o
a p stl s ; m di t d h w v th t i th i wi t ss w
o e so e a e , o e e r, a n e r ne e
a re bl to p c iv d k w Him i d p d tly N
a e er e e an no n e en en . 0
li f d m c ti
ne o b d w
e p hibiti g u s i
ar a on ca n e ra n ro n ,
n our
a ss ti s g di g Him f m p ssi g b y d th h u
er on re ar n ,
ro a n e on e o r
o f His c ucifixi Th limits withi which Ch ist is

r on . e n r
re v ld ea e t fix d b tw a re B thl h m d C lv y
no e e een e e e an a ar .
H is e v l d ls i His isi g f m t h d d H c
re ea e a o n r n ro e ea . en e
th F u th G sp l follows
e o r tu d i p ssibl
o e a r e an rr e re e
b li vi g i s t c t wh it vis g s t h wh l
e e n n in thly
, en en a e e o e ea r
mi ist y f J sus l dy ch g d with t h c summ t d

n r o e a s a rea ar e e on a e
sig ific c of His x lt ti

n an e F this m s simply e a a on . or ea n
th t t h hist ic J sus d H i wh m f i t h s s t h
a e or e an e n o a ee e
l st d ll ffi i t m if st ti f G d
a an a -su c en d an e a on o o a re on e an
th s m e W c a ot d th G sp ls d t f l t h t
e . e an n r ea e o e an no ee a
this M is d sti d f an su cti ; d wh t t h e ne or re rre on an a e
w it s f th N w T st m t h v d is t to v l y
r er o e e e a en a e on e no o er a
th c ec t f cts f h i st y with c fusi g d i l v t

on r e e a o or on n an rre e an
Ni b h lf f m d
’
1
g ll d l i
eb e r a s d l h
e c ara t on
y on e a o o ern ra i ca t e ol o
g
is i s W
gn i fi ca n t d h y m “
w hwe n ee
”
e sa s,
“
so eth i n g el se h ic i ll s er v e
l d Ch i
. . ,
”
as w h ld d
ell as t e h o (H H
oct r n ei of t e exa te r st i ll i gen l ei , as
thi b i
s su b f d2
st t ut e e en oun
3 18 TH E P E RSON OF J ES US C H RI S T
my th l gy but wit h p fo d spi itu l i sight to co st u

o o ,
ro un r a n n r e
J sus wh l c
e
’
i th light f its stup d us issu
o e are er n e o en o e .
Th h er e v b as Ch isti ity i t h w ld which

ne er een a r an n e or
did t w ship Ch ist th L d p s lly id tic l

no or r e or as er on a en a
with J s u s f N z th A c iticism th f which

e o a are . r , er e ore, ,
a ft er pudi ti g His x lt ti st iv s t disi t th

re a n e a a on , r e o n er e
rea l J sus f m th m u ds f t ustw thy l g d

e ro e o n o un r or e en ,
is duc d f l ck f m tt t c st ucti s f
re e or a o a er o on r on o a
subj ctiv d im gi y ch ct
e e an Th s c st ucti s
a n ar ara er . e e on r on
p c d
ro ee li s which lm st by d fi iti m k v l id
on ne a o e n on a e a
re sults imp ssibl ; f sti g o th y d e p ti lly

or, re n as e o on ar a
na tu listic ssu m pti s th y

ra al d t gu fi st th t on , e a re e o ar e, r ,
a
no t sc d t P s such t h Ch ist f f it h c u ld
ra n en en er on as e r O a o
p ssibly xist d s c dly th t v if H did it is

o e ,
an e on , a e en e ,
i c c iv bl t h t subs qu t g sh u ld b c dibly
n on e a e a a e en a e o e re
i f m d f His lity
n or e o rea .
But if th thly J s u s d th x lt d L d
e e ar e an e e a e or a re
on e, a n d b th f th m sp cts f wh t w ought t
a re o o e a e o a e o
m ea n by th histo ic Ch ist i t h s s th t th
“
e r r ,
”
n e en e a e
re su cti is p t f th hist ic l v l ti which

rre on ar O e or a re e a on
e v k s f ith t his impli s fu th th t th hist ic Ch ist

o e a ,
e r er a e or r
is id tic l ls with t h L d p s t i xp i c w
en a a o e or r e en n e er en e no
d lw ys su cti it h b put
“ ” “
an a Th a . e re rre on , as ee n , con
s ti t t th
u es g t p i t f t siti i th Ch isti
e r ea o n o ra n on n e r an
f ith t which H wh pp d
a ,
a si gl figu i
e o a ea r e as a n e re n
hist y is c g is d i
or lity b v hist ic l limit
re o n e as n rea a o e or a a
ti s th bidi g L d d lif f s uls

on , e a n I v y or an e o o .
”
1
n e er
a g eHis i fl c h c ti
n u d t
uen c cil
e m with
as on n e o r e on e en
God A d th s ff cts f His p s i t uchi g h t s

. n e e e e o er on , n o n ea r
an d ch gi g liv s must ban tk

n cc u t f i
e , e a en a o n o n our
e sti m t f Hi ms lf f th c p city t d th s thi gs

a e o e , or e a a o o e e n
i n hum ity must h v igi lly b

an sid t i His a e or na een re en n
b i g Th fi l p f f t h G sp l i d d li s in th
e n . e na roo o e o e , n ee , e e
livi g i t l ti
n d c
n erre a sp d c b tw t h N w
on an orre on en e e een e e
T st m t pictu f Ch ist d
e a en xp i c f His
re o r an our e e r en e o
re d mi gee gi s N w th H c vi c s m f
n en er e . o as en , e on n e en O
s ni y t ssu s th m f f giv ss judg s th m i

e a re e O or en e , e e n
1
F orres t , Ch r i st of H i s tory a nd o f E xp er i ence, 158 .
u s b th kful
t i a n i ty , l et b gu
e t d i th t w y
an , ca n e a r an e e n a a .
But th b tt su ti s withi
er e a re e er ch W h v re e n ou r rea . e a e
th ep mis of t h Spi it to l d th Chu ch i to ll

ro e e r , ea e r n a
t u th ; w h v t h W d of G d which liv th d bid th

r e a e e or o , e an a e
for e v d to which t h Spi it b

e r, a n s wit ss p p tu lly e r ea r ne er e a
i th
n h ts f m
e ear Th s o th l th s wh
en . e e a re e re a - e e, en
w sp k s t ictly
e ea thr ly d th ffi i t gu
, are e on an e su c en — ara n
t s th t t h mi d of th b li v w ki g f ly its d t
ee a e n e e e e r, or n r ee on a a,
will ch c clusi s th t
rea on i li with th g t f ith
on a a re n ne e rea a
o f th ep st Wh v si c t h i k s
a . imp ss d
ere er n ere n er a re re e
by Ch ist thos w imp ss d wh g th d o u d

r as e er e re e o a ere r n
H i m t t h b gi i g th
a e t h t u t h will b
e nn n , ere e r e.
CH AP TE R I I I .
C H RI S TS ’
TI O N TO H I S W O RK
P E RS O N I N RE L A .
I is
T a f tf th b st m d
ea ur e Ch ist logy th t th
o e e o e rn r o a e
p s f
er on o L d h c m to b xhibit d
our or i t as o e e e e as n er
p t
re ab l ly th
e onug h t h m dium f His
ro d mi g w k e e o re ee n or .
Th is er e ll b t u iv s l f li g th t to k w wh t
an a u n er a ee n a no a
H e h d as d d s will
on e v l to u s wh t H is
an oe re ea a e .
N t a ur e is l tiv to f cti ; th w k phil s ph s

re a e un on e or , as o o er
sa y is, t h ti e
g di
ra of t h W k
o co n oscen I fo m e or er . n a r er
ch pt Schl i m ch w fou d t b th pi
a er e er a f this
er as n o e e on eer o
i ducti m th d but it go s b ck lly t Luth wh s

n ve e o , e a r ea o e r, o e
w dsor v y st o g Ch ist h s ys is t c ll d
a re er r n .
“
r ,
”
e a ,
“
no a e
Ch ist b c us H h two tu s Wh t do s th t sig ify

r e a e e as na re . a e a n
t m ? H b
o e s this gl i u s d c s li g m b c us
e ear or o an on o n na e e a e
o f t h offic e d th w k H e h
an u d tk e A or e as n er a en .
” 1
ki d d spi it Ath si u s h d u s d it l g b f sp k
n re r ,
an a ,
a e on e ore, ea
i g i th d I
n n e ti e f i q u i wh s s Ch ist s
n ca r n a on e o an n rer o ee r
’
p w th ugh His w ks t b i c mp bl with th t f

o er ro or o e n o ara e a o
m en , a n d com s t k w th t H e l o mo g m is Godno a e a on e a n en
th W d Th fo ms i w h ich this p i cipl g ss

” 2
e or . e f r n r n e o re r e
f om w k to p so m y b ppli d w sh ll x mi
r or er n a e a e e a e a ne
p s tly ; h it is ugh to t h w ss ti l d
re en ere en o no e o e en a an
c vi ci g it is to st u dy th R d m
on n n t a p i i but e e ee er no r or
L U
I TE R AT K hl D RE —K G a d M er, d Ch i l as reuz, r u nd an ass er r sto ogi e,
19 11 ; Gore, B a/mp ton L ect u r es , 1 8 9 1 ; Frommel , Etu d es mor a l es et re

l i gi eus es , 1 9 0 7 H a eri ng, D er chri stl i che Gl a u be, 190 6 W en d t, S ystem der
ch r i s tl i ch en L eh re, 190 7 D e n n ey, D ea th f
o Ch ri st, 1 9 0 2 ; Ga rv i e, The
Ri tschl i a n Th eol ogy , 1 8 9 9 ; J D rum m on d , S tud i es i n . Ch ri sti a n D oct ri ne ,
1 90 8 W a l k er, Th e Sp i ri t a nd th e I n ca rn a ti on 11, 1 90 1 Ca i rn s, Ch ri s ti a n i ty
a nd the Mod ern Worl d , 1 90 6 .
Werke ( E rl an gen 1 ’
1
e d .
) xu . 24 4 . o. 45 ( Bi n d l ey s t ra n s ) .
21
3 22 TH E P E RSON OF J E S US CH RI S T
i n th e m dium f d mpti e f which b li v s w

O re e on , o as e e er e
h v di ct
a e xp im t l k wl dg T p ss f m
re or e er en a no e e . o a on ro
fi t h ddt t m
rs - a n m t i ducti s
a a d hyp th s s
o ore re o e n on an o e e ,
f m f ct t xpl t y th y is t h m th d f l l s u d
ro a o e a n a or eor ,
e e o o a o n
i v stig ti
n e N t th t w
a on limit d t this m d f
. o a e a re e o o e o
t h ught O th c t y wh w h v
o . n ch d e on rar , en e a e r ea e an
hyp th sis w g
o e t t st it i
, w w y by i qui i g
e o on o e n a ne a n r n
h w it s v s f
o t h i v s p c ss f d ducti
er e or H c e n er e ro e o e on . en e
w sh ll fi d th t Ch ist s p s c sts light His wo k ’

e a n a r e r on a on r
as w ll g i s light f m it
e as a n ro .
Th mu t u l b e i g f p s d w k is st iki gly
a ea r n o e r on an or r n
illust t d by t h m i d ift f Ch ist l gy i its g t

ra e e a n r o r o o n rea
hist ic ph sor A i tim t c cti h xist d t

a es
1
n n a e onn e on as e e a
ea ch p i t b tw o n c c pti s f L d s s vi g
e een on e on O ou r or
’
a n
’
i flu c d His i t i sic b i g T k fi st th G k
n en e an n r n e n . a e r e ree
Vi w f d mpti
e o It w f lt i th E st th t m
re e on . as e n e a a an
n ee ds p im ily t b s v d f m th t dic l c up t i
r ar o e a e ro a ra a orr on
wh i h m y b su m m ily d sc ib d d th Si h
’
“
c a e ar e r e as ea . n as
en sl v d us t d c y D th th is th g t vil ; th
a e o e a . ea ,
en , e rea e e
l ss f f ll wship with G d th ugh d ply lis d is f

o o e o o ,
o ee r ea e ,
o
s c d k imp t c t this p i t Ath sius w ds

e on -ra n or a n e a o n . an a
’
or
a b ut i
o f i ly typic l If i d d it h d ly b
s n a re a r a : n ee a on ee n a
t sp ss d t c s qu t c upti
re a , an p t c w uld
no a on e en orr on , r e en a n e o
b w ll ugh But p c ds t gu ” 2
e e en o h .
,
as e r o ee o ar e, cor
r upti c ssit t d t h m th ugh cu f i c ti

on n e e a e e or e oro re o n a rn a on .
Th is fix d t h u tli f Ch ist l gy S lv ti is t b
e e o ne o r o o . a a on o e
f d f m d th d d c y t h S vi u cc di gly w
re e ro ea an e a e a o r, a or n ,
as
c c iv d
on e th ei ff bl d t as sc d t myst y i e ne a e an ra n en en er n
wh ich i mm t l d ity is c mbi d with m t l m h d

or a e o ne or a an oo ,
t h wh l lum p f hu m
e o e ity b i g thus l v d with t h o an e n ea en e e
imp ssibl d u c uptibl p w s f G dh d d is d

a e an n orr e o er O o ea an ra e
i t wh t pp s t h v b th ught f
n o a a physic l
ea r o a e e en o o as a a or
s mi p h ysic l u i with th Divi

e - a M u iv s l is
n on e ne . an n er a
d ifi d i Ch ist by t h livi g m lg m ti i Hi m f
e e n r e n a a a a on n o
hu m tu an d th na t l L g s D ub tl ss t his
re an e e e rn a o o . o e
i di ti
rra f hum ity is fully m if st
a on o ly i t h an an e on n e
re su cti rr e d sc si f th I c t O but i
on an a en on O e n a rn a e n e, n
C H i g 1
7 ff . a er n 7 , op . ci t . 3 4 .
2
d e I n ca rn . .
m d ight ou ; d t h m d f s lv ti co sist i th
a e r e s an e o e o a a on n s n e
s c t i fusio of sup tu l g c b st wi g p w to
e re n n ern a ra ra e, e o n o er
do m it i us w ks Th is
er or o i flux f g c or . ere an n o ra e as
c h ity wh by m
ar bl d t d s v high g c
er e en ar e e n a e o e er e er ra e .
This d t mi s t h th ught f Ch ist H is t m ly

e er ne e o o r . e no ere
as G d m th i ff bl myst y t h E st h d f u d
o - an e ne a e er e a a o n
Him ; i His Divi hum ity H m k s f u ll ti f

n ne an e a e sa s ac
ti f t h i fi it i of m
on or e To th W st mi d
n n e s n an . e e ern n
re ligio i i l g m su n s t h i g f l w d Ch ist
n ar e ea re a n o a ,
an
‘
a l g l p so H vi g p u ch s d f giv ss by His
e a er n . a n r a e or en e
p ssi
a d b di c H is p p tu lly p
on an o tiv withi
e en e, e er e a o era e n
His Ch u ch d fi d t h i stitut f g c b v l l
r — e ne as e n e o ra e — a o e a
i t h m ss
n d th s c m t f p
e a anc w h ich dist ib u t e a ra en o en a n e, r e
th gi s f His Divi lif A t h s u c of lif H

e e n er e o ne e . s e o r e e e
is i d d bj ct f f ith but h
n ee O ls f ith h l st i t
e o a , ere a o a as o s
N w T st m t sig ific c
e e It is w b c m t h cc pt
a en n an e . no e o e e a e
an ec of Ch ch d gm d f ligi u s p c pts H c
ur o a an O re o re e . en e
if i G k th ght t h p so f
n r ee L d hd b ou e er n o ou r or a een
i t p t d by p d mi tly physic l c c pti s t h

n er re e re o n an a on e on ,
e
W st t ms
e ern th th s of ju isp ud c ; d
er a re ra er o e r r en e an
wh L ti th l gy t k its most ch ct istic f m

en a n eo o oo ara er or ,
u modifi d by th d p m tiv s f ligi th livi g

n e e ee er o e O re on , e n
p s lity of t h hist ic C h ist w p t to v ish i t h

er on a e or r as a an n e
r igid d m ch ic l cti gs f
an ehu m l y fi g
an a a n o a n on - an a - u re .
1
I this c s nls th co c pti s f wh t Ch ist h

a e a o e n e on o a r as
do ned f wh t Han is c l tiv His w k i

o a e are orre a e . or s
th t of l g l i t m di y d it fix s th c stit ti
a a e a n er e ar , an e e on u on
o f His p s A du listic c mbi ti

er on of d ity d
. a o na on e an
h u m ity s u ffi c d
an A s lm puts it f kly T this e n e ra n .
“
o
en d h w it s w ffi c ci us th div sity of tu s
,
”
e r e , as e a o e er na re
an d u ity f p s n i Ch is t th t if hum
O tu w
er on n r , a an n a re ere
no t bl to d wh t must
a e ds b d f th st ti
o a n ee e on e or e re ora on
o f m ki d t h Divi
an tu might d it ; d if i t w
n , e ne na re o an ere
1 In on e p oi n t of v i e w W es t ern wri t ers d i d much t o sus t a i n a s en se of
our Lbrd
’
s t ru e m a n h ood . T h
p ro oun d er gra sp o f t h e a t on em e n t i m p li ed
ei r f
a n At on er wh o, a s a rea l e t h i ca l sub ec t , wa s ca p a b l e of a cc e p t i n g v a s t j
res p on si bi l i t i es T h us i f i n t h e t ra d i t i on a l C ri s t ol ogy H i s m a n h ood h
f
.
ra n k ed a s i m erson a l , i t s
p ul l p ersona li t y was v i rt ua l ly assum ed i n t h e
d oct ri n e of Hi s sa v i n g work .
TH E L A T I NS A ND TH E RE F ORM E RS 3 25
har dly s u it bl t t h Divi tu th h u m might

a e o e ne na r e, e an
ff ct it
” 1
e e .
Fi lly th R fo m s g v b ck to th Ch isti
na , e e r er a e a e r an
th u ght of s lv ti its p p ly ligi us t

o a a If ion ro er re o on e . n
th E st t h c t g i s h d b
e a e t much f m d
a e or e a een oo or e on
a physic l l gy d i th W st
a an a o th p oc du ,
an n e e on e r e re
of th l w c u t f Luth
e a d C l i
- o r d mpti
, c
or er an a v n re e on on e
m ore b c m simply p s l e a el ti hist ic lly er on a — a re a on , or a
m di t d b tw G d d th s ul G d is H ly L v
e a e , e e en o an e o . o o o e,
an d s lv ti is f ell wship with Him It sts

a a on th o . re on e
f giv ss of si s it is pp p i t d by f ith g t f u l
or en e n ,
a ro r a e a as ra e
s lf su d to
e - rren i fi i t bj ct A d Ch ist is
er an n n e o e . n r con
i d i
ce v e f ms s it bl t d wo thy f this fu ctio
n or u a e o an r o n n .
H is t h R v l
e of G d ; H is m s Su ty d
e e ea er o e an
’
re an
R p s t tiv
e re en a I Him t h t l Divi t uth d
e . n e e ern a ne r an
lov to u ch u s ; i Him w
e l d t th F th ; d
n e a re e o e a er an
th s two sid s f th l ti ship— G d i Him f us

e e e o e re a on o n or ,
w i H i mf
e n G d t ch p i t c di t i
or d h m is
o — a ea o n on on a n ar on e
with oth
on e a n Thus t h g t p bl m pp s i er . e rea ro e r e -a ear n
Spi l f shi
ra ast g high H w must w thi k Of
on on e a e er— o e n
His i t i sic tu i th light f this w c c pti f

n r n na re n e o ne on e on o
His w k ? W h is Ch ist if H th u s mb di s t i f ul
or o r , e e o e o S n
m enth d mi g g c f th E t l ? Th is
e r e ee n ra e o e e rn a er e on e
p i cipl th c u t sig d by hist y wh ich is fu d

r n e, en , o n er ne or ,
n a
m t l t l l p fit bl d b t It is t h p i cipl th t
en a o a ro a e e a e . e r n e a
our thought f wh t Ch ist h chi v d will fix d o a r as a e e an
d limit th t which w
e k ow f Hims lf A th
a e ca n n o e . S e
red mptio is so by c ssity is th R d m

e n ,
ne e e e ee er .
This g l t uth h b en era m y b d v l p d i r as een or a e e e o e n
v i us l t d w ys W m y si gl t t h s fo
ar o re a e a . e a n e ou e e ur con
ce p t i ff i g
on s as Ous t h b st s t of i ductiv guid c
er n e e or n e an e
wh w t y t cl up
en e r m i ds g di g th p so
o ea r o ur n re a r n e er n
an d pl c f J a e o
( l ) thi c l sup m cy ( 2) t m t
es u s— e a re a ,
a on e en ,
( )
3 u i with Ch
n on rist ( )
4 v l ti C t mpl ti g th s , re e a on . on e a n e e
c t l m tt s w fi d th t Ch is t s w k is such to
en r a a er e n a r
’
or as
l d
ea thoughts sp t usly i t h di cti of quit
ou r on a n eo n e re on a e
1
Cu r D eus H om o, n . 18 .
disti ct Vi w f His p siti

n His wo k is b u t His p s
e o o on . r er on
i m v m t
1
n o e en .
( 1) Ch ist is t h sup m m l uth ity f hu m

r e re e ora a or o an
lif H i spi s
e . w id l of c h
e ct
n d c duct re a ne ea a ra er an on ,
which it h b fou d imp ssibl t as lis xc pt by een n o e o rea e e e
His i d W a t w c c
. d with t h w ys i
e a re no no on ern e e a n
which this i flu c is m di t d b u t sol ly with t h n en e e a e , e e
f ct its lf its h m y with C h ist s w mi d d its

a e ,
ar on r
’
o n n ,
an
implic ti s f Ch ist l gy
a on or r o o .
A g ds sL d s mi d it is obvio u s th t H
re ar ou r or
’
n , a e
a sk d f om m
e p s l b di c m
r bs luten a er on a O e en e or e a o e
th an m l m m y k f m his f ll ws It w
n or a an a as ro e o . as a n
ob di c c v i g th ti fi ld f hum lif Th
e en e o er n e en re e O an e . e
p s u sio of m t t ust Him w His

er a n chi f en o r as on e e
aim O . loy lty to Hims lf H i sist d i

n m a e e n e n a a n n er
s mbli g t h j l usy of G d i t h Ol d T st m t
re e n e ea o o n e e a en .
It is imp ssibl t dd yt h i g to t h w ds If y
o e o a an n e or :
“
an
m an cm t M d h t
o t his
e w f th
o d e, an a e no o n a er , an
m th o d wif d child
er, a n d b th d sist s e, a n ren , a n re ren , an er ,
w lif ls h c t b My discipl ”
2
y ea , d hi an s o n e a o, e an n o e e .
To th c st l c d f Jud ism His ttitud is

e an e ra f o e o a a e on e o
s v ig lib ty ; by th i h t ight of t h l gisl t

o er e n er e n e r en r e e a or
H c c ls t h p st
e an d ects w di c s f His e a an en a ne or n an e or
ki gd m Wh
n o u ci g th s high l ws H m k s
. en a n n o n n e e er a e a e
no pp l t Divi s cti s To His w c sci us

a ea o ne an on . o n on o
ne ss H is t h p s t tiv of th F th p ivy lw ys
e e re re en a e e a er , r a a
to His pu pos i ll its sc p d bl to d cl His r e n a o e an a e e are
mi d t h S t wh m l l thi gs
n as d liv d His
e on o o a n a re e ere .
v dict g t lif issu s is utt d i t

er on re a f c mpl t e- e er e n a on e o o e e
fi lity Wh th it b th ch ct f
na . i dividu l
e er e e ara er o an n a ,
or s mi g c flicts f duty t h c ll f
ee n on u ci ti o , or e a or ren n a on ,
or fit ss t c iv p d th t uth li s cl b f
ne o re e e ar on , e r e ear e ore
Him H vi ws c d m s f giv s c mm ds j i s
. e re e , on e n ,
or e ,
o en , en o n ,
wit h d cisi f m which th is

a e pp l N v d
on ro ere no a ea . e er o
w e d f His s lvi g
r ea i t ll ctu l p obl m but t
o o n an n e e a r e ,
a
Wi h
1
i t ly l gi a i i bl y
t rue i n s t
p J n ct , ear re i ous a rt nv a r a re resen ts esus
a s a cti n g.
2 28
k
L 14
b c m s s u f Him th f its lf ; fi ds i His will th

e o e rer o an o e n n e
sa m wfu l blig ti th t it fi ds i t h l w f Duty ;

e a o a on a n n e a o
His will b i t i H i wh
,
v w
eca use c t i th t s s, en e e r e a re er a n a
w k w it is sup m
” 1
e no ,
re e .
N w th o f ct f Ch ist s ov wh lmi g uth ity

e a o r
’
er e n a or ,
which it thus is f d m t b y is f ct c lli g f r ee o o o e , a a a n or
i t p t ti
n er re aF it is t ly th t w c t co c iv
on . or no on a e an n o n e e
a limit to His uth ity ; by d g s it b c m s cl t us a or e ree e o e ea r o
th t th i limit W s ch i v i f
a ere s no xc pti . e ear n a n or a n e e on
to t h u l th t His will p s ts th high st f m f

e r e a re re en e e or o
O blig ti a It is m k of M A C B dl y th t w
on . a re ar r . . . ra e a e
c t pp h d
an n o a bj ct sublim whil w pp h d
re en an o e as e e e a re en
it c mp bly m su bly
as o fi it ly g t L t th
a ra , ea ra ,
or n e r ea . e e
thi g b wh t it m y physic l vit l spi itu l th

n e a a — a ,
a , or r a — e
mom t w y t u s lv s It is v y g t but I k o w
en e sa o o r e e ,
“
er re a ,
n
h w g t It is v y g t but s m thi g l is
”
o rea ,
or er rea ,
o e n e se as
g t g t
rea or t th t m m t it h c s d to b
rea er, a a o en as ea e e
s u bli m This u m su d g t ss this s u blimity

e .
” 2
n ea re rea n e , ,
p t i s t J sus
er a n L d His pow to ul p ss s
o e as ou r or . er r e a e
u d st di g A d
n er an f li g f this is st iki gly
n . n our ee n o r n
c fi m d by its t g ism t im m di t impuls Wh

on r e an a on o e a e e . en
th e uth ity f J sus fi st b ks u p

a or m h iso e r r ea on a an , e
co sci us f c t i susp s
n o o h sit ti ; th is
a er a n en e or e a on ere
a s s f b i g c h ck d b fli d
en e o v t pfid
e n e e , or a e , or e en s u e e , or
p ssibly v
o p ll d m c de en th ugh s m thi g re e e or en a e , as o o e n
w ff c t i g him th t h c uld t c iv
e re a e n g sp a e o no re e e , or ra ,
or
st d u p to But c h h c s d t f l th t his
an . on e e as ea e o ee a
p s lity is b i g i v d d th succ ds t l g
er on a e n n a e , ere ee ,
a a on or
sh t i t v l d with m u ti g g d ti s f i t sity
or n er a an o n n ra a on o n en ,
a s s of b i g b
en e t of h ims lf e n d c id wy orn e ou e an a rr e a a
i to t h d mi i f v y G d ss with
n e o d i g n on o er oo n e ,
an a or n
h m g which is m
o a e th st gly ti g d with w d or e an r on n e a e an
s lf b s m t N m h v c m pl i d th t J sus
e -a a e en . 0 an as e er o a ne a e
’
will misl d him d p i d him f th t which is i t h

e ,
or e r ve o a ,
n e
a bs lut s s g d
o e en e, oo .
F th m it is f m Ch ist th t w c iv th t
ur er or e, ro r a e re e e a
1 D a l e , Ch r is ti a n D oct r i n e, 1 1 0 .
11
Oxf ord L ect u res on P oetry , 6 0 .
TH E M ORAL A T H ORI T Y OF J E S S U U 3 29
m l dy m ic a d i spi ti i th bs c f which
ora na n n ra on n e a en e o
His m ss g w uld l d us t d sp i Al g with t h

e a e o ea o e a r . on e
c ll to ob di c g s t h p w t b y Lif s mo l
a e en e oe e o er o O e . e
’
ra
sucs
re o ir e Him This is a rexp i ti l t uth n . an e er e n a r
a g i st which t h p t st f this th t m th t h
a n e ro e o or a an a e
d s t h v y such xp i c h
oe no a c g cy M
e an e er en e as no o en . en
d op ss t f th m s lv s t m k th will f Ch ist
a ou o e e e o a e e o r
th i s d th i will His ; h vi g di d with Him th y

e r an e r a n e e
a ls liv with Him I Him th y h t h l ti ship

o e . n e S a re e re a on
o f s s f G d on d supp t d i t h st uggl wit h

o o ,
an a re or e n e r e
s lf d vil by His symp thy d c mmu i

e an e Th y a an o n on . e
S h th y lly sh His co flict d His t iu m ph

are , e rea are, n an r .
A I h v s id th s
s pl i f cts c lli g f
a e a , e e are a n a a n or
e xpl ti d sy th sis
an a W
on f c d by O wh s
an n e . e a re a e ne o e
m l uth ity is i fi it G d s is i fi it ; y t it is
ora a or n n e as o
’
n n e e a
c mpl t ly hu m p s wh m w
o e e N vi w f an er on o e see . o e o
Ch ist it f l l ws will b d qu t which is bli d t

r ,
o o ,
e a e a e n o
this c mpl t m h d m di t i g m th hu m
o e e an oo as e a n a ore an an
t sc d c By this h dl i d d t h m d mi d
ra n en en e . an e, n ee ,
e o ern n
i
n m st c s s fi st l ys h ld f t h G dh d f Ch ist
o a e r a o o e o ea o r .
His ss ti ath m d lib t b c us ft it is

er on — e ore e era e e a e o en
u utt d f His w c mpl t fulfil m t of t h F th s

n ere — o o n o e e en e a er
’
will d f His c s qu t uth ity v m is ith

,
an o on e en a or o er en , e er
th cm f s lf ight us ss it is t h s lf v li g
e a e o e -r eo ne , or e e —
re ea n
sp ch f th S of G d B u t to y th is is t i t p t
ee o e on o . sa o n er re
J sus p so by His wo k
e
’
er n r .
to i g wo k p f m d by Ch ist is ls
( )
2 Th e a n n r er or e r a o
a d cisiv i d x of His p s
e e Of this p i cipl
n e D er on . r n e r .
D y h giv b i f lucid tio i his D th f Ch i t

en n e as en a r e e a n n ea o r s ,
1
argui g th t t h d ct i
n f t m t is t h p p
a e o r ne o a on e en e ro er
ev g lic l f u d ti of Ch ist l gy T put it i t h

an e a o n a on r o o . o n e
sh t st f m p ssibl h w it s Ch ist is t h P s
or e or o e,
”
e r e ,
“
r e e r on
wh d this w k f
o ca n us This is t h d p st d
o or or . e ee e an
most d cisiv thi g w e k w b ut Him d i

e n e ca n no a o , an n
answ i g t h qu s t i s which it p mpts w

er n e st t i g e on ro e are ar n
f m b sis i xp i c Th is s s i which
ro a a n e er en e . ere a en e n
1
3 17 ff .
Ch ist t h R c cil c f ts us H is d i g th
r as e e on er on ron .
.
e o n e
will of God b h lf d w ly l k on It ou r e a ,
an e ca n on oo on .
is th m cy f G d i l ti t
e er i s which wo i o n re a on o ou r S n e se e n
Him d His p s c
,
an d w k th Divi gift
re en e an or on ear ar e a ne ,
a Divi visit ti H is t h gi f t f G d t m
ne a t th on . e e o o o en , n o e
o ff i g f m
er n to G d d G d gi s Hims lf t u s i d
o en o ,
an o ve e o n an
with Him W w t Him ll th t w c ll Divi lif . e o e o a a e a ne e .
O th n th h d this Divi visit t s m d d this

e o er an , ne a i on 1 a e, a n
Divi lif is imp t d th ugh lif d wo k which

ne e ar e ,
ro a e an r
a re t uly hum r Th p s c d w k f J sus i t h

an . e r e en e an or o e n e
w ld v t h w k f b i g i d s t p ompt us
or , e en e or o ea r n s n, oe no r
t d fi
o hume d Divi
ne by c t st with ch th an an ne on ra ea o er
th is ere sugg sti of i c g uity b tw no th m e on n on r e een e .
N v th l ss th y
e er b t h th
e e d t h f ct th t th y
, e a re o e re , a n e a a e
a re b th th j u stifi s us i isi g th qu stio

o er e t e n ra n e e n as o
J sus l ti to G d
e
’
re ath h d d t m on o on e on e an , an o en on
t h oth e I t is t h d ct i
er . f t h At m t which e o r ne o e on e en
s cu s f Ch ist His pl c i t h g sp l d which

e re or r a e
-
n e o e ,
an
m k s it i vit bl th t w h uld h v Ch ist l gy

a e ne a e a e S o a e a r o o or
a d ct i f His P s
o r ne Th At o m t lw ys er on . e on e en a a
s ys to us g i C sid h w g t this M w ! A
a a a n, on er o rea an as s
l g it h lds its pl c i th p chi g f th g sp l

on as o a e n e rea n o e o e ,
an d ss ts i t s lf i
a th Chu ch it do s i th N w
er e n e r ,
as e n e e
T st m t
e a th sup m i spi ti t p is
en ,
as l g e re e n ra on o ra e, so on
will Ch isti s fi d i t h P s f th i Lo d subj ct

r an n n e e r on o e r r a e
f high v t th ght ”
o d an re er e n ou .
T this thi g o b dd d i p i t f c g cy but

no n ca n e a e n o n o o en ,
it m y w d us t dw ll f
a re m m t c t i f its
ar o e or a o en on er a n o
implic ti s Thus th C h isti is i tuitiv ly w

a on .
, e r an n e a ar e
th t t h vic i us l v v l d i J sus c ss is t h l v
a e ar o o e re ea e n e
’
ro e o e
of C d It is H th t i Ch ist giv s us st by His

o .
1
e a n r e
“
re
s w d lif by His d th It is H th t st ds
orro an e ea .
”
e a an
b sid us d c iv s
e e t sp ss i its wful g vity
an re e e our re a , n a ra
for His mi d d u s up Hims lf U l ss this w n an o r ,

on e . n e e re
so u l ss th p ssi t which w lift

,
n e ey s t C lv y
a on o e ou r e e a a ar
w ere a Divi p ssi th ugh which w h v sight f ne a on , ro e a e o a
Cf f or a Sp ecul a t i v e but d eep ly i mp ressi v e s t a t em en t of t h i s , Nett l esh i p ,

1
.
P h i l osop hi ca l Rema i ns, 4 0 —4 2 .

Hims lf h d b ttl d with t mpt tio

e a d h d co q u
a d e e a n an a n ere
i th p w
n f G d
e o er o o .
O c m th
n e t m t is s g t Ch ist l gic l
or e, e a on e en ra e rea r o o a
qu sti s by f ci g us t k h w t h b di c of
e on or n o as o e O e en e
J sus v ils f u s th guilty It h lw ys b

e a a or , e . as a a een a
b fli i g p bl m H w su ff i g f p s
‘
a n th ro e : o can e er n o on e er on
b fit s vi gly mb c d c mp h d y oth ?
en e , or a n e ra e an o re en , an er
I th
n w ds f M b ly H w is it c c iv bl ( th
e or o o er : o on e a e e
mi d sks) th t y R d m s w k
n a du c
a an e ee er
’
or ,
or en ran e, or
g od ss b it wh t it m y s i g th t it is outsid t h
o ne ,
e a a , ee n a e e
p s liti s of m sh uld t uch th p i t f p ssi g

er on a e en , o o e o n o re n
c ssity ?
ne e T d l with this qu stio
” 1
fully w sh uld
o ea e n e o
h v to ticip t t h gum t summ is d u d

a e an a e but e ar en ar e n er
h it m y t l st b s id th t if J sus Ch ist w
ere a a ea e a a e r er e on e
m hum i dividu l m ly s p t f m m
ore an n a ere ,
as e a ra e ro en a s
w e f m a re f ll ws th di ffic lty just t d w uld

ro our e o , e u no e o
b i solubl
e n lik i logic d i m lity But if with
e, a e n an n ora .
St P ul . d St J h
a w d cli an to co c iv Ch ist . o n e e ne n e e r as
on e is l t d p s d t h Ch isti
o a e th th
er on , an e r an as an o er, en
th ep s t tiv t of s c ific
re r e en a His p t is quit e ac a r e on ar e
an oth thi g d th d th th t H di d f ll m y
er n , an e ea a e e or a a
h v th sig ific c which t h d th of l l would its lf

a e e n an e e ea a e
hv a U i
e . b tw Ch ist d m th t is just
n on e e en r an en , a ,
b c us it is u i h two sid s His s lf i d t ifi ti

e a e a n on , as e . e - en ca on
with u s impli s c s qu c s both f Him d u s A e on e en e or an . s
th p s t tiv
e re c t l p s
r e en a t h l ss t ulye or e n ra er on — n on e e e r
i dividu l
n w sh ll a H ,
st ds i
as mom t us
e a see — e an n a en o
ki ship to m ; d this u i s lity f l tio f m s

n en an n v er a o re a n or
on e v it l c diti f His p w t m k t m t It
a on on o o er o a e a on e en .
is su ly t h f ls st p i m y th i s f t m t th t
re e a e e n an e or e o a on e en a
th y fi st bst ct th Ch isti f m Ch ist s v i g

e r a ra e r an ro r — e er n
th m t w mutu lly imp vi us p s liti s

e as o d th a er o er on a e — an en
fi d it h d
n t lly to put th m b ck i t such
ar ,
n a ura ,
e a n o a
On en ess th t wh t Ch ist did d is fu d m t lly

a a r an n a en a
m difi s
o l ti to G d But if by its v y tu
e ou r re a on o . er na re
all Ch isti th l gy is
r i t p t ti of b li vi g
an eo o an n er re a on e e n
exp i c f o m withi this

er en e ss wi t h Ch ist f which
r n, on en e r ,
o
1
A tonemen t a nd P ersona l i ty, 7 4 .
HI S W ORK OF AT ONE M E NT 333
we co scio s is
a re p nt m t m ; d th
u tt mpt
, our un c u
‘
s e s an e a e
to p u t it v t mp ily i b y c must b ul d t
e en e ora r n a e an e e r e ou
as ill gitim t W d t h v to p v it m k
e a e . e o no a e ro e , or a e a
d ct i f t m t p t f m it ; w ssum it th
o r ne o a on e en a ar ro e a e ,
ra e r,
an d s k t eelucid t its d p st implic ti s A d f

o e a e ee e a on . n or
ou r p s t pu p s th l v t i f c is th t this
re en r o e e re e an n er e n e a
a bs lut c p city wh by Ch ist g th s m i t

o e a a ere r a er en n o
Hims lf d i th i e m
an d f th m m k s
n e r na e, an or e ,
a e
re sp s to t h Divi ight us ss c d m i g i is
on e e ne r eo ne on e n n s n,
s m t hi g which if w g d it cl s ly m k s h u m it i
o e n , e re ar o e ,
a e an a r an
c c pti s f His b i g t t lly i d qu t

on e on o e n o a na e a e .
N t ly so ; it is p cis ly w c g is t h t u
o on re e as e re o n e e r e
G dh d f Ch ist th t w
o ea o bl t p l succ ssfully
r a e ar e a e o re e e on e
of t h g v st m l di ffi culti s which th d ct i f t
e ra e ora e e o r ne o a on e
m t h c t d This is t h difficulty m f l wh
en as r ea e . e en ee en
th y p i t t th imp ssibl id s f
e o n o g d F th
e o e ea o
“
a n en ra e a er , a
victimis d S t h u ight us pu ishm t f t h i oc t

e on , e nr eo n en o e nn en ,
t h u ight us w d f t h guil ty A g i st c t i ”
e nr eo re ar O e . S a a n er a n
f ms f th y w
or o d t qu s t i th justic f th
eor e n ee no e on e e o e
ch g B u t it is t l st obvi u s th t t h mist k f
ar e . a ea o a e a e o
sugg sti g ki d of t g ism b tw t h F th

e n a n d an a on e een e a er an
th S e tt ch s m
on a tu lly t vi w f Ch ist which
a e ore n a ra o a e o r
d i s th t
en e , which ss ts His d ity If Ch ist
an o on e a er , e . r
w but
ere mo g d m th might b
on e s i re oo an , ere e r ea on n
th e argum t th t d mi g lov igi t d i m

en a t re ee n e or na e n an , n o
i
n G d d th t by t h
o ,
an u g cy d p ssi of Hisa e r en an a on
s c ific Ch ist h d i d c d
a r e r th wis impl c bl G d a n u e an o er e a a e o
to h w m cy B t this t g ism w c t susp ct

S o er . u an a on e an n o e
if w e su th t i Ch ist G d Hims lf h b w d
are re a n r o e as o e
d w t bl ss us If t h qui d to m t h b
o n o e . e re re a ne en as een
p i d d by G d
r ov e t f His w lif it is m
o i gl ss t
, ou o o n e, ea n n e o
sp k y m of His impl c bility

ea an ore a a .
Light is c st
( 3) L d s p so thi dly by t h a on our or
’
er n, r , e
Ch isti xp i c f vit l u i with Ch ist This

r an e er en e o a n on r .
1
i
un o my ti I d h dly y is t m t h
s ca , n ee ar sa , no ea n ere as
O wh1
f ll w
n w at i l Th U
o M
t h e p resen t
o s cf
ri t er s a r t c e,
.
’ “
e nio
y s t i cs
as a T h eol ogi cal Con ce p t i on, E xp osi t or , February 1 9 0 9 .
334 TH E P E RS ON OF J E S U S CH RI ST
i m plyi g wh t ld w it s w
n acc st m d t d sc ib
O er r er ere a u o e o e r e
as u i of th subst c
a n on f Ch ist d th e
“
an e o r an e
“
s bst c
u f b li v s
an eM ”
f t d y ightly
o e j ct
e er . en o o- a r re e
an y such vi w B t i g i g with
e th
. m w d w ll t
u n a ree n e , e o e o
re mi d ou s lv s th t subst c w simply t h c t g y
n r e e a an e as e a e or
by which li thi k s st v t ffi m th high st ea r er n er ro e o a r e e
c c iv bl d g
on e a f lity ; it w i d d th i l fti st
e e re e o r ea as n ee e r o e
no ti f G d Hims lf N thi g x lt d
on o o d qu t
e . o n so e a e or so a e a e
c uld b s id f H i m th t H is t h ul t im t u iv s l
o e a o as a e e a e or n er a
S bst c
u H c it is t su p isi g th t th y h uld
an e . en e no r r n a e S o
h v sp k f ly of subst t i l u i with th L d
a e o en re e a an a n on e or .
S uch u i w f th i mi ds t h m st l im gi bl
a n on as or e r n e o r ea a na e,
an d w g d d b i g l d with s c t d i ff bl
a s re ar e as e n a en a e re an ne a e
sig ific c f t sc di g l l c sci us thic l l ti

n an e ar ra n en n a on o e a re a on
ships W m y f sy m p this with this to h ld

. e a so ar a e as o
th t a thic l l ti s t Ch ist
ou r e i
a p i t f f ct
re a on o r a re n o n o a
m p f u dly i tim t th
ore ro o y nwhich bt i
n b tw a e an an o a n e een
on e m d th
an d ls th t th y m y b suit bly
an a no er, a n a o a e a e a
d sc ib d
e r mys t ic But w h v t put sid t h
e as
“
. e a e o a e e
c t g y subst c
a e or d c st
“
th f cts f shly i
an e
”
an on r ue e a re n
t m s f p s lity O t h cc pt d p i cipl f m d
er O er on a . n e a e e r n e o o e rn
phil s phy th t th
o o d g s f lity p s l a ere a re e ree o rea , a er on a
u i ught t b g d d i fi it ly m
n on o o e l th re ar e as n n e or e r ea an a
“
subst ti l an a on e .
N w i this s s it is
o n t putti g it t st gly t
en e no n oo r on o
sa y th t u i wiat h Ch ist is b
n oni f m f ll th t r a r e na e or a a
th p stl s m by s lv ti
e a o e F St P ul
ea n d St a a on . or . a an .
Jh o n ss with Ch is t is t b d m d d t b
on en e r o e re ee e ,
an o e
re d m d is o ss with Ch ist Illust ti s dily

ee e n en e r . ra on rea
o ccu F x m pl i
r . ph s which if w
or e a d e, n a ra e, , e r ea
it f thor fi st ti m w uld st tl d c f u d us St
e r e, o ar e an on o n , .
P ul w it s ( 1 C H wh cl v s t t h L d “
a r e o e o ea e o e or
is spi it A it is s id ls wh
on e r . f m S d wif a e e er e o an an e
th t th y t w
a e fl sh th p stl s w ds imply
o a re on e e , so, e a o e
’
or
d th y
—a n t f th b it m mb d th cl ssic l
e se or ,
e re e ere , e a a
Ch istir xp i c an t p iph l cc t icity

e e r en e, no a er e ra e en r —
a
spi it u l u i t y
r a l ss l d cl s i i t f high
n no e r ea an o e n s ar er
S ph is st blish d by s vi g f ith b tw
ere e a e m d a n a e een a an an
in vi tu f p s l i c p ti
r e o Th b li v i
er on a n or ora on . e e e er , n
f mili p h s h
a ar i t st i Ch ist s d th
ra e , as an n e re
”
n r
’
ea
b c us h h
e a e i t st i Ch ist Hims lf d h
e as an n e re n r e ,
an as so
liv d hims lf by f it h i t C h ist s p s l b i g th t

e e a n o r
’
er on a e n a
O ld thi gs h v p ss d n w y d l l thi gs i cludi g

a e a e a a , an a n — n n
an d c t i g i his ld s lf
en r n hv bcm w n o e — a e e o e ne .
1
St J h wh sp ks t h
. o l st w d
n, th g to ea e a or on e r ea
Ch isti c t i ti s p ts still m c vi ci gly th

r an er a n e ,
re ea ore on n n e
a ss ti th t u i with Ch ist is t h s c t f d m p t i
er on a n on r e e re o re e on .
This d ct i of m ys t ic l u i s ys P f sso E st
o r ne a a n on , a ro e r rn e
S c tt
o i which t h high
,
nlif fl ws u i t upt dly f m e er e o n n err e ro
Ch ist t t h b li v c t i s t h c t l d ch ct
r o e e e e r, on a n e e n ra an a ra er
i ti
s th ught f t h F u th G sp l
c o It is t u th t
o e o r o e .
” 2
r e a
P f ss
ro e S c tt g s or to gu th t t t lly u thic l
o oe on ar e a a o a ne a
an d listic f ct
rea t s i t th J h i c c ptia or en e r n o e o a nn n e on e on .
M t physic l c t g i s i his pi i
e a a h v ust d th
a e or e ,
n o n on , a e o e e
m l d ligi us c t g i s f li Ch isti th ught

ora an re o a e or e O ea r er r an o ,
or a t ll v ts a l g t d th m t s c d y pl c ll
e en re e a e e o a e on ar a e, a
p ssibility of m s p ticip ti g i t h Divi lif b i g

o an
’
ar a n n e ne e e n
f cl s d u til th v y c stituti f his tu h

ore o e n e er on on o na re as
b een dic lly ch g d by th i fusi f t h high

ra a an e e n on o e er
qu si physic l ss c p s t i C h ist But it is v y

a - a e en e re en n r . er
difficult if t quit imp ssibl t c cil this vi w

,
no e o e, o re on e e
with t h mph sis whic h t h v g list u if mly l ys

e e a e e an e n or a
on f ith U io with Ch ist lik i th G sp l d i

a . n n r ,
a e n e o e an n
th e Fi st E pistl is th i t lligibl o u tc m
r e,w ll e n e e o e, as e as
th e f u d tio o d s u c
n f
a thic l d spi itu l
n an o r e, o e a an r a ex
p i e r en ces At v y p i t it is l tiv to p s l
. e er o n re a e er on a
a pp h si f th w d of lif
re en If t h t which y h d
on O e or e :
“
a e ear
f m t h b gi i g bid i y y ls sh ll bid i
ro e e nn n a e n ou, e a o a a e n
th e S d i onth F th ( 1 J
an S t
n i th e a er
”
n o oo n e
G sp l it is th ugh b li f i t h s s f p s l
o e ro
“
e e n e en e o er on a
c g iz c d s lf c mmitt l th t th imp t t i f t h
o n an e an e - o a a e ar a on o e
lif which sid s i Ch ist is m di t d t His p pl

e re e n r e a e o eo e .
B t th
u c w i g p f t h t it is mist k t i t p t
e ro n n roo a a en o n er re
sa m e
g a rgum e n t t h a t t h e E p i s t l e t o t h e H ebrews t ak es t h e
1
For a s t ri k i n
l in e , of E A A bb ot t , Th e M essa ge o
. . .
f the S on of Ma n , 8 3 .
2
Th e F ou rth Gosp el , 28 9 .
U N I ON W I TH CH RI S T 3 37
St J h s sy m bolic ph s s i n lit l
. o n
’
listic s s ra e a e ra or r ea en e
is th f ct th t th s v y ph s s
e a th i quiv l ts
a e e er ra e ,
or e r e a en ,
a re us d f ly by v y p w ful ligi us w i t t this

e r ee e er o er re o r er o
d y a t l st by thos
,
no to wh m t h ea listic vi w is e o e rea e
a bh torre n .
This p li m i y bj cti disp s d of w m y t

re n ar O e on o e ,
e a no e
th im g s by which St J h xp ss s u i with
e a e . o n e re e n on
Ch ist Th y
r f mili t v y
. e Ch ist is th
are a ar o e er on e . r e
V i i which b li v s
n e, n g ft d livi g b ch s e e er a re ra e as n ra n e .
H is t h B
e d f Lif by ti g which th y liv f
e r ea o e, ea n e e or
e v er E x ctly
. i S t P ul t h m ystic u i
a is c p bl
as n . a ,
e n on a a e
o f b i g c t mpl t d l t
e n t ly f om ith sid
on e d a e a ern a e r e er e an
ca n b d sc ib d qu lly by t h ph s s
e e r y ie M d
e a e ra e e n e an
Ii y nTh fi st pp ous to m th t th Ch isti s

. e r a ear ea n a e r an
’
lif is t d i Ch ist d h i H i m its c mp ssi g

e roo e n r an as n en o a n
vit l l m t d m diu m ; t h s c d th t H Hims lf

a e e en an e e e on a e e
is p s t i His p pl t h livi g c t th im ti g
re e n n eo e as e n e n re , e an a n
p i cipl f th i i m st b i g N w i ll such p ss g s
r n e, o e r n o e n . o n a a a e
w e f l th t th disti cti b tw
ee Ch ist l gy d
a e n on e e en r o o an
s t i l gy v m th p visi l yh w h
o er o o , ne er ore an ro on a an o , as
si mply dis pp d A d t h p i t t b mph sis d is

a ear e . n e o n o e e a e
this t h t t h xp i c d i flu c f Ch ist
,
a e e m er e n e n en e O r on en
still th s m f us f St J h l ds p f c to
e a e or as or . o n— ea er or e
a c t i d fi it vi w f His tu
er a n H
e is d fi bl
n e e O na re . e e na e
as th P s whe th u s b e r on i w d Lif whil o ca n e ou r n ar e, e on
th th h d it is b c s H is this iv s l P so
e o er an e au e e un er a er n
th t His l ti t us
a b f this i t i
re a ki d
on o can e o n er or n .
P s lity d p ss ssi mutu lly co diti

e r on a an ch th o e on a n on ea o er .
T sust i
o this u p ll l d l ti t m to imp t
a n n ara e e re a on o en , ar
Hims lf t th m th t th y h v Him wi t hi
e o e d so a e a e n an can
h ld f ll wship with Him wi t h th i w s uls this

o e o as e r o n o —
is c p city a t w h ich w
a a ly i t p t or ac e ca n on n er re as
sp ci fic lly Divi
e N t a ly ; t h f llowship thus ne .
1
o on so e e
1
P ri n ci p al Fa i rb a i rn pu t s t i s w el l rom t h e h f ot h er s ide :
Th e n ature “
a ll m en a k i n t o D ei t
tha t i s in y b e com es i n Ch ri s t a n a t u re i n
p erson a l u n i on
wi t h t h e D ei t y , an d the uni o p ers on a l i s, wh i c h i s p ecul i a r t o H im, i s t h e
b a si s of th e un i o my s t i ca , w i c hh i s p os s i bl e to all ( Ch r i st i n Mod er n
The ol ogy,
22
e st blish d wi t h Ch ist is t f th i t h N w T st m t
a e r se or n e e e a en ,
an d is still f lt by ll b li v s b i g i t i sic lly

e a e e er as e n n r n a
an d pu ly i its lf f ll wship wi t h G d T h v t h
re n e e o o . o a e e
S onis t h v th F th ls U i w th Ch ist is i
o a e e a er a o . n on - r n
no s s p lim i y st p t u i with G d
en e a re n ar
p e o n on o ,
or a re
p t
a rai f it
on which m y b ig
or d subs qu tly t t h a e n or e e en o e
a tt i m t f th
a n en l g l ; it is u i wi t h G d p
o e r ea oa n on o er se .
O t put it th wis t h
r, o is t h m th d f th th
o er e, e on e e e o o e o e r,
t h f m i which it is h ld f th t
e or n si ful m N w e or o n en . o
this c mpl x y t l m i us f c t th t Ch ist is f lt t

o e e so u no a ,
a r e o
sus t i a nl tio f i dw lli g i u umb d s uls t

a re a n o n e n n nn e re o , o
which t h i i dw lli g i Him c sp ds

e r n e d th t i
n n orre on —
an a n
this l ti th y k w th ms l s
re a on with G d p i ts
e no e e ve on e o —
o n
t tho l gum t f th high b i g f J sus Ch ist

e rea ar en or e er e n o e r
which w f l t b implicit i t h p st lic t stim y

e ee o e n e a o o e on as
a wh l o e .
N thi g o i d d b s id t t h xp im t lly
n ca n n ee e a as o e e er en a
v ifi d c l sc c of lif b tw t h R d m
er e oa e en e d th e e een e e ee er a n e
re d m d which is t m ph tic f t h N w T st m t
ee e oo e a or e e e a en .
At y p i t it is fu d m t l f i t i t p ts b th
e ve r o n n a en a ,
or n er re o
th f giv ss f si s d t h
e or en e t ifi t i o f th n an e s an c ca on o e
si n n er A d if t d y m y p pl still p f
. n th w d
o- a an eo e re e r e or
“
mystic t m l ”
d qu t d sc ipti f th
o
“
ora
”
as an a e a e e r on o e
b li v s l ti t Ch ist this is i p t b c us th y
e e er
’
re a on o r ,
n ar e a e e
f l th t t h u i i which th y
ee a e p s lly id ti fi d
n on n e a re er on a en e
with Ch ist is f d b y d
r ythi g th y h v p i
ar an e on an n e a e ex er
e n ced i th i l ti s t f ll w m i p t b c us t h
n e r re a on o e o - en , n ar e a e e
w d m l mks
or
“
p visi
ora i suffici t
a e no ro on , or a n n en on e
a t b st f e th f , d m t l t uth th t this u ity is i i ti

or e un a en a r a n n
a etd His id
on d sust i d t v y p i t by His
S e an a ne a e er o n
pw o er .
It m y b of c u s th t a c c pti f p s lity
e, o r e, a our on e on o er on a
must b vis d b f w e re m k much i

e phil
e ore e ca n a e n a o
So phic l w y f f ct lik t h mystic u i but s m

a a o a a e e n on , o e
thi g i th t ki d is pl i ly d d d pl i ly is
n o a n a n n ee e an as a n
c mi g W
o n f
. w y ew f m t h p i t f Vi w t
e a re ar a a n ro e o n o e a
which S t uss w t th t P s li t y is th t s lf h d
ra ro e a
“
er on a a e - oo
which sh u ts its lf up g i st v ythi g ls xcludi g e a a n e

'
er n e e, e n
by t h t m mystic u io e er n n, impli s e a Sa vi u o r at on e c
Divi d hum n e an an .
1
( )
4 l b u t h p i t th t Ch ist h
We n ee d n ot a o r e o n a r as
giv t m t h p f ct v l ti f th F th
en o en T e er e re e a on o e a er . o
re d m by uth ity by t m t by t h gift f lif

ee a or , a on e en , e o e
this i v l ti s Th w dsre f J sus e a th v ic f on . e or o e a re e o e o
God Th t s f J sus
. th pi t y f G d Th
e ea r o e a re e o o . e
w th f J sus is t h j dgm t f G d Al l b li v s
ra o e e u en o o . e e er
c f ss with d i g p is th t i th i most s c d
on e ,
a or n ra e, a n e r a re
h u s G d d Ch ist m g i ch th with m lly

o r o an r er e n ea o er ora
i disti guish bl id tity Wh i s c t w l k i t

n n a e en . en n e re e oo n o
G d s f c still it is t h f c of Ch ist th t is s up b fo
o
’
a e, e a e r a r e e re
us T d C h ist s will d G d s is
. o o thi g Wh r
’
an o
’
on e n . en
w i qui to th p cis c t t f t h t m G d “ ”
e n re as e re e on en o e er o
f mi ds d k h w it h b
or ou r n uth tic t d w
,
an as o as e en a en a e , e
discov i t m y b with s m su p is th t without

er, a e o e r r e, a
s i g w h v t sf d t G d th f tu s f
r ea on n e a e ra n erre o o e ea re o
Ch ist h ly d lmighty l v W
r — o lly thi ki g
an a o e . e are r ea n n
o f J s u s with His ss t i l f tu s x lt d t i fi ity

e ,
e en a ea re e a e o n n .
I d d t h l t D M ti u c uld g
n ee ,
e f a e t r . ar n ea o o so ar as o
m i t i t h t U it i s w shippi g
a n a n th y th ught
a n ar a n ,
or n as
'
e o
G d t h F th
o h v l l th whil p id th i wo ship t
e a e r, a e a e e a e r r o
. th S e I g d t t h f ct th th
on .
2
n b re ar o e a , en , ere ca n e
no disput Ch ist is t h v l f G d Th His

e . r e re e a er o o . an
re v l ti e am p f ct on b co c iv d
n on e I Him ore er e ca n e n e e . n
t h Divie ch ct pp s i t ms f m h d It is
ne a ra er a ear n er o an oo .
P ri n ci p a l J a m es D rumm on d s fi n e S tu d i es i n Ch r i sti a n D octri ne ( 1 9 0 8 )

’
1
f
i s wri t t en rom a n a v owed l y U
n i t ar i a n s ta n d oi n t , b ut i t i s d i fi c ul t n ot t o
p f
f eel t h a t i t i s i n s p i red b y a v i ew of C ri s t f or wh i ch l ogi cal h
n i t a r i a n i s m ca n U
m ak e no room h T us a t on e p oi n t h e s p ea k s of C h ri s t i a n i t y as b ei n g
h f fih f
.
Ch ri st i n t h e h e art , t he h eart rest i n g i n C ri s t , so ull of a t and li e
a s t o fi n d i t s el f hmat o e i n God
”
and h e wri t es l a t er :
“
J e su s
h t h a t l ov es h i m , q wh f ms t h e
‘ ’
Is , t o th e ea rt a ui ck en i n g s p i ri t , on e o or
l f h ” “
i n t eri or i e, a nd fill s it wi t an a b oun di n
g en ergy J esus
con t i nue s d a i l y t o d well i n t h e h ea rt by fih
a t ,t o p ri n t t h ere t h e
an d
N or i s t h ere y a t t em p t i n h i s p a ge s t o
”
i m p ress o f h i s s p i ri t an
se
p a ra t e wh a t h a s b een f f lly
a n ci u ca l l e d the Ch ri s t -i d ea rom t h e Ch ri s t of f
h i s t ory .
9 A Wa y ou t o f th e Tri ni ta ri a n Con tr oversy .

C H RI ST A s P E RF E CT RE VE A LE R 34 1
se t b f us ; w
e ore t t ld ab ut it but w e hi dd a re n o o o , e a re en
t b h ld it
o e H w th
o d s this sp ct f His wo k f
. o en oe a e o r —
O
a ll sp cts t h m st c m p h siv
a e d f
e chi g giv
o o re en e an a r -rea n — e
ligh t His p s ? C w y th t t h xp i c f
on er on an e sa a e e er e n e o
Ch is t s
r
’
l h i p h lds Ch is l gy i s luti ?
re v ea ers o a r to o n o on
Th sw m y b put b i fly by s yi g th t ly H
e an er a e r e a n a on e
ca n v l p f c t ly wh i wh t H v ls If H b
re ea er e o s a e re ea . e e
l ss th quit id tic l wi t h t h t which is m d m if st

e an e en a a a e an e ,
th m e if st t i is f ligi usly i suffici t If H

an e a on so a r re o n en . e
b but
e plic f G d i c tu ly
a re g lic f m
a o o n re a re or an e or
m th m p h ps but ly i s m s mi divi
ore an an , er a ,
on n o e e - ne or
Ai r ans s th ful ss of t h G dh d c uld t b i

en e — e ne e o ea o no e n
Him f u s F c ll ct wh t t h Ch isti mi d do s
or . or r e o e a e r an n e .
It d s t pl c Ch ist l gsid f G d d g f om
oe no a e r a on e o o , an a r ue r
on e t th th ; i s t d it fi ds G d p s lly p s t
o e o er n ea ,
n o er on a r e en
in Ch ist d sp ds t Him i m m di t ly A t h
r an re on o s o, e a e . S e
re s ult f His b i g i t h w ld m p ss ss d h ld
o e n n e or , en o e an o
G d i qui t
o n w w y p ss ssi which is i t l
e a ne a —
a o e on un n e
ligibl s v e m di t d by Divi
a e as lity O l ss e a e a ne r ea . ne e
th G d m v w uld i c sci c h v b
an o , or eo er , o n on en e a e een
o blig d t p i t m quit b y d Hims lf t utt

e o o n en e e on e , o er a
p t st g i st t h id lisi g l v f His discipl s to w

ro e a a n e o n o e o e , arn
a g i st t cl s ss ci ti
a n a f t h g sp l wit h His
oo o e a o a on o e o e
p s er on This J sus v d s R th H liv d t th

. e ne er oe . a er e e ou e
t sc d t lif which c stitut d His p s lity

ra n en en e on e er on a , con
f ti g m
ron n His Divi s lf d l t ti g t h f ct f
en as ne e ,
an e n e a o
His b i g t ll e n th i mi ds e v l ti on H h e r n as a re e a on . e as
put t h F th withi e cha f i t hfully d

er n ou r r ea , as a an un
ch g bly R d m but H c uld d

an ea e ly b c us H
ee er , e o o so on e a e e
w wi t h th t which H c v y d
a s on e a e on e e .
O c m n th f t h ctu l w k i flu c f
e ore, ere or e , e a a or or n en e o
J sus l ds t h mi d sp t usly i th di cti of

e ea e n on a n e o n e re on a
c t i i t p t ti f His p s
er a n n er re a on o er on .
c clusi it m y b t d th t if th wo k f
In on on , a e no e a e r O
Ch ist illu m i t s His p s t h c v s p p i t i ls

r na e er on , e on er e re os on a o
h lds g d Th w k is m d lu m i us by th p s
o oo .
1
e or a e no e er on .
C E g hi ll Th R1
f f f G
. 7 d e , e evel a ti on o the S on o od , 1 4 1-4 .
342 TH E P E RS ON OF J E S S CH RI ST U
We g tti g t f t uch with t h N w T st m t
a re n ot e n ou o o e e e a en
wh w i sisten this ; w
e n ly c ivi g on e are on re e n on ou r
mi d s m thi g f its ich ss d v i ty T St P ul

n o e n o r ne an ar e . o . a ,
f or x mpl th fu d m t l t uth b u t Ch ist w

e a e, e t n a en a r a o r as n o
s m thi g H h d d
o e n but s m thi g th t H w His
e a on e , o e n a e as .
a cti v l d His b i g Wh t Ch ist did f m is

on r e ea e e n . a r or en
a cc u t d f by wh t H is t G d Th l ti ship f
o n e or a e o o . e re a on o
Ch ist t G d g v sup m w t h i S t P ul s y s t His

r o o a e re e or n . a
’
e e o
s c ific d tu d t h sh m ful c ss i t t h gl i us
a r e, a n rn e e a e ro n o e or o
re v l ti f G d s l v t m ki d
e a on o Th F u th G sp l
o
’
o e o an n .
” 1
e o r o e
pu su s this li
r e It s ks t u d st d t h cts d ne . ee o n er an e a an
hist y f Ch ist i t h light f th ssu d t th th t by

or o r n e o e a re ru a
or igi l tu H w th S f G d Wh s t h
na na re e as e on o o . er ea e
Sy ptic w it s m v
no th f m t h h ist ic f cts t th
r er o e ra er ro e or a o e
p s th y xp ss But th l git i m cy f b th m t h ds
er on e e re . e e a o o e o
is i dispu t bl If
n w hv s
a th e w k is t h
.
,
as e a e ee n , e or e
ra ti g di f t h
o co n oscen tu t l ss t u is it th t t h
o e na re , n o e r e a e
na tu is th tire di f th w ke d th t w
ra o essen o e or , an a e ca n
see this t b t h c s H c th p sitivis m which

o e e a e . en e e o
i sists ly th f cts f J sus c d d lif but will

n on on e a o e
’
re or e e,
tl t
o e ra e n oCh ist l gy d s t v pp h d th f cts r o o ,
oe no e en a re en e a
i th i p p
n e r f l ss d sig ific c Just i music
ro er u ne an n an e . as n
t h imp t
e f ch d d p ds l g ly t h t c d t
or o a or e en ar e on e an e e en
ph s s qu lity p c iv d b i g thus c diti d by its

ra e ,
a as er e e e n on on e
c t xt i Ch isti
on e , SO ligi it is f imm s ig i fi
n r an re on O en e s n
c c f
an e pp ci ti f t h c ss wh th w d
or our a re a on o e ro e er e o or
d o t u d st
no d th t H wh su ff d t h h d c m
n er an a e o e re e re a o e
f th i g c f m th t l lif f G d Th
or n ra e ro e e e rn a e o o . ere a re
di fficulti s m v i t h d ct i f t m t
e oreo er n e o r ne o a on e en — a s ou r
study f t h mystic u i h cl ly sh w which w

o e n on as ea r o n— e
ca n lucid te ly by t ki g th subj ct i M L d
a e on a n e e ,
n c eo
C mpb ll s ph s to th light f th I c ti
a e
’
ra e, e o e n a rn a on .
It is i d d lik i m th d d i t p t ti
n ee a n err or a e n e o an n er re a on
wh th At m t d th I c ti
en e on e vi w d en an e n a rn a on are e e as
r iv l c m p ti g i t sts i t h f which g i s t th
a or o e n n ere ,
e er o a n a e
o th s c st By s m w it s it h b c t d d th t
er
’
o . o e r er as een on en e a
th e At m t xclusiv ly is th p p f u d ti
on e en ef e e ro er o n a on o
’
1
G G Fi n dl ay , Ha st i n gs D B i i i 7 22
. . . . .
app ear l t t i th s iv ligi us c t i ti s

to be a en n e e na e re o er a n e .
Th s e e m t p i cipl s
re o er implicit i f ith d
r n e a re n a , an c on
s ti t t th f
u e t u l m t i th d ct i ;
e re or e a thr e e e en n e o r ne on e
o th h d th y
er an ly i m plicit t
e ctu l i g di ts
ar e on ,
no a a n re en
i
n th t f w h ich f i t h is di ctly c sci u s It is
a o a re on o . an
a dv t g f this divisi th t w
an a e o bl d t do s m on a e a re en a e o o e
rea l justic to th u imity f b li v s

e e g d s th i
na n o e e er as re ar e r
p s l d i sti ctiv Vi w f Ch ist with u t b i g

er on a an n n e e o r , o e n
u d uly p tu b d i dv c by subs qu t p obl ms f

n er r e n a an e e en r e o
a m c dit tu
or e r e on which pi i s e c ti
na re on O n on a re er a n
to div g A w h v l dy s
er e . s h w v th se a e a rea e en , o e er, e e
t sc d t q u sti s c ot b ig d
ra n en en e th g u d
on an n e n ore on e ro n
th t m t physic h
a e a pl c i th l gy Th p w f as n o a e n eo o .
“
e o er o
t h Chu ch t p p g t f ith it h b s id is ” “
e r h o ro a a e er a ,
as een a ,
l g ly d p d t
ar e e h p w t c mm d t h g t
en en on er o er o o en e rea
t uths f t h Gosp l to t h u d st di g w ll th
r o e e e n er an n as e as e
h ts f m
ea r o It is v i t s pp s th t t h i t st
en .
” 1
a n o u o e a e n ere
i t th which is
n ru tiv t t h ligi us c sci us ss na e o e re o on o ne ca n
b e supp ss d by t h uk s f y phil s ph
re e e a e o an o o er or
th l gi eo o th t p pl
an , or b k pt f m ski g
a eo e can e e ro a n
q u sti s b ut Ch ist His t c d ts th c stituti

e on a o r ,
an e e en , e on on
o f His p s d His p s t
er on , l t i t b li v s
an r e en re a on o e e er .
Wh th s p bl ms
en e e o c v til t d th l gy must
ro e a re n e en a e ,
eo o
e v d h b st t s lv th m
en o er e which is c t i ly
o o e e , or— er a n
no t l ss i m p t
e t p v c vi ci gly why th y
or an —
ro e on n n e ca n
ne v b s lv d
er e o e .
1 Tymms , Ch r i sti a n I d ea of A ton ement, 4 .

P AR T II .
TH E I M M E DI A TE U TTE RAN CE S
OF F AI TH
C H AP TE R I V .
J T O F FA I T H
CH RI S T TH E OB E C .
IT is d si bl e c t sugg s t iv w it h
ra e, a s gd a r e en e e r er as ur e ,
1
th t i Ch ist l gy w sh uld t t f m s m
a n r o o t uth e o se ou ro o e on e r
or p i cipl si m pl i ch ct
r n e, t which wid e n a ra e r, as o a e
m suea f c s t m y b
re o ssum d Th l gi s h v
on en a e a e . eo o an a e
a lw ys t d d t m k div si t i s f pi i m th
a en e o ar er e O O n on or e an
a g m t ; th y h v w k d th i c s by v
ree en e a e ea en e e r a e o er
i dulg c i this h bit ; d t h f ilu t st ik t h

n en e n a an e a re o r e e
t f h m y t t h uts t m y i vi w f t h
no e o ar on a e o e a —
n e o e
imm s v i ty of hist ic s luti s fi ll t h stud t

en e ar e or o on —
e en
with s s f d sp i
a en e vulsi l di g h i m t th w
o e a r or r e on , ea n o ro
up t h p bl m e imp t bl I vi w of this w
ro e as e n e ra e . n e , e
sh ll d wis ly t fix
a o s t ti g p i t i
e c victi
o our ar n - o n n a on on
sh d by ll Ch isti mi ds
a re a r an n .
This c victi w fi d i t h b li f th t J sus is th

on on e n n e e e a e e
O bj c t f ligi us f ith W
e o re c ll d t t b li v lik
o a . e are a e no o e e e e
Him m ly but to b li v i Him F ith i G d

ere ,
e e e n . a n o as
L I T E R AT U RE — D enn ey , J esu s the Gosp el , 1 9 0 8 ; H errma nn , Com

a nd
m u n i o n wi th God , 1 90 6 H ogg, Ch ri st s M essa ge of th e K i ngd o m, 19 11 v an

'
Dyk e, Th e Gosp el f or a n A ge of D ou bt, 18 9 6 ; K ah l er, A n geu a nd ten '
D ogm en , 1 90 8 ; H a rn a ck , Wh at i s Ch ri sti a n i ty ? 190 1 ; Ad am s B rown ,

Ch ri sti a n Th eol ogy i n Out l i ne, 1 90 6 ; B ousset , J es u s, 190 6 ; Forrest , Th e
A u th or ity of Ch r i s t , 190 6 ; Orr, Ch ri s ti a n Vi ew of God a n d th e Wor ld ,
18 9 3 S eeb erg, Gru nd wa h rhei ten d er ch r i s tl i chen R l i gi on , 1 9 0 3 e
.
1
H a erin g, op cit 3 7 0 ff . . .
346 TH E P E RSON OF J ES US C H RI ST
F th is i diss ci bly c ct d with f ith i Ch ist S

a er n o a on n e e a n r as on .
It is t u th t c t i f i t h i G d m y xist i d p d
r e a a er a n a n o a e n e en
en tly f Ch ist but i such c s b th f ith d G d

O r ,
n a a e o
“
a
”
an
“
o ,
which lw ys c l t s m l ss t h th y d withi
a re a a orr e a e , ea n e an e o n
th eCh isti s ci ty Th fi st is s m thi g l ss th

r an o e . e r o e n e
“
an
childlik c fid c ; th s d is l ss th t h G d d
e on en e e e con e an e o an
F th f
a er oL d F m t h v y u ts t b li v s w
our or . ro e er o e ,
e e er er e
a w th t
are w pp h si
a a nef G d h d b m di t d a re en on o o a een e a e
t th m by J sus
o e O f t h fi st ff ts t d fi iti
e . f ne o e r e or a e n on o
a Ch isti is th t i m pli d i St P t s w ds Y
r an a e n . e er
’
or :
“
e
wh th ugh Him d b li v i G d
o ro Th f i t h c vyd o e e e n o . e a on e e
by J sus is m e bst ct t uth s p bl f m Hims lf

no er e a ra r e ara e ro e ,
as th t uth f t h l w f g vit t i is s p bl f m
e r o e a o ra a on e a ra e ro
N wt e W
on . bl t u d st d d e th
a re l ws a e o n er an an u se e a
o f tu whil t t lly ig
na re t f th s t wh s s ch
e o a n ora n o o e o o e r e ear
an d g ius en k wl dg f th m is d b t th high st
ou r no e e o e ue, u e e
an d p st f ith i G d
ure b tt i d i
a w y b t n o ca n e a a ne n no a u
on e ; it c m s th ugh o b li vi g sp s t t h p s
e ro a e e n re on e o e e r on
o f J sus Ch ist
e It is wh t w r i J sus th t i spi s
. a e see n e a n re
a t i m ph t c t i ty f G d Al l g t s i ts i t h
r u an er a n o o . rea a n n e
p st ll wh t this h u j y th p c f
a ,
a o a il ti o r en o e ea e o recon c a on
an d l b u i g with bu y t
a re a o gy t th t sks f t h
r n o an en er a e a o e
Divi ki gd m ne vid c s d illust ti s f this

n o ,
are e en e an ra on o .
Th e p stl s t w dg d w d is ly t sc ipt f
a o e
’
o-e e or on a ra n r o ex
p i er e n ce : Wh s v d i th t h S th s m h th t o oe er en e e on , e a e a no
t h F the a h th t c f ss th t h S b th th F th
er : e a on e e e on a e a er
a ls o . Ap t f m J sus m ar m y k w muc h ro f e en a no o
G d o f His wisd m His p w

— o His subli mi ty v His o ,
o er, ,
e en
b v l c ; but f His F t h h d with ll th l vi g

en e o en e o a er oo ,
a e o n
ki d ss t t h si ful m b c d i th t g t m th y
n ne o e n e ra e n a r ea na e, e
ca n k w thi g N w d ys w sp k wi t h sy ssu
no no n . o a a e ea ea a r
an c f th l v f G d It pp s s m t hi g bvi us
e o e o e o o . a ea r as o e n O o ,
simpl s lf xpl t y I f ct t h v y f m ili ity

e, e -
e a n a or . n a ,
as e er a ar
o f th G sp l m y h v c c l d f m us it is i J sus
e o e a a e on ea e ro ,
n e
l
a on e , a n d sup m ly i His c ss th t ssu c
re be n ro ,
a a ra n e ca n e
f u d t h t G d s m i d t us is t h mi d f t u F th
o n a o
’
n o e n o a r e a er .
H c it is lit lly ccu t t y th t t h displ c m t

en e e ra a ra e o sa a e a e en
o f Ch is t f m r c t l p siti wi t hi th bj ct f
ro a en r a o on n e O e o
34 8 TH E P E RSON or J E SU S CH RI S T
ca n e v giv to G d w h v d wh t is sup tu l
er e o , e a e on e a ern a ra .
It is sp cific lly t h w k f G d withi us

e a e or o o n .
I f ith f this typ b it t d cl ly G d d

n a o e, e no e ear , o an
Ch ist r t h ld p t
a re n o c ct d m ly by i f e a ar , or on n e e ere n e r en
ti l s i g ; th y
a r ea on n pp h d d t g th i si gl e a re a re en e o e er n a n e
m v m t I l yi g h ld f Ch ist w l y hold of G d
o e en . n a n o o r e a o
p s lly p s t i Him but wh

er on a ls ff d t
re en n , no e re e e o er e o
us i this p s l f shi
n wh ls c ti fi d d
e r on a a on , no ere e e er e an
c v y d t us R d m
on e e Ap t f m J sus
o id s
as e ee er . ar ro e , our ea
o f G d o imp f ct d misl di g H m k s v l
a re er e an ea n . e a e a re e a
ti f th F th which is w d l gibl ly by th
on o e a er ne an
“
e e on e
light it giv s Of this c mpl t f ith i G d th f

e .
”
o e e a n o ,
er e ore ,
J s s is t m ly th hist ic igi ; H is its bid

e u no e re e or or n e a
i g g u d
n ro m dium T u st i G d d t ust i Ch ist
n or e . r n o an r n r
a re vi t lly co l tiv ; ith is d fi bl i bst cti

a rre a e ne er e na e n a ra on
f m t h th
ro W d e o t b li v i G d i
er sp ctiv ly
. e o no e e e n o rre e e
o f J sus much l ss i
e J sus p t f m G d
,
w e n e a ar ro o or a s or
shipp d i d p d tly f His w s k ; w b li v i

e n e en en or o n a e e e e e n
G d th F th
o H is m d
e a d su t us i
er as e a e n ea r an re o n
th S
e O ly i t h m dium
on . M di t n is th g t n e e or e a or e rea
rea lity s H c f ith v t sc ds Ch ist v

ou r . en e a ne er ra n en r ,
ne er,
as i ps ud mysticism p t ds t b sup i t His

n e o— ,
re en o e er or o
re co d d lif
r e s u c f k wl dg l g i c t i
e as a o r e o no e e on S n e an
q t d
ua e v t i s t b wis th hist ic f ct J sus
,
ne er r e o e er an or a . e
’
wo d is fi l i its p cis t uth t xp i c

r na H th t
n re e r o e er en e : e a
h th s M h th s t h F th
”
a ee n e a een e a er .
cl ssic xp siti
Th e f f ith i this s s is th
a e o on o a n en e e
N w T st m t
e I its p g s J sus st ds i t h f cus
e a en . n a e e an n e o
of ligi ; f m fi st t l st H is t h bj ct f th t
re on ro r o a e e o e o a
mi gl d t ust w d l v which w c ll wo ship It

n e r ,
a e, an o e e a r .
d s t cc u t y of t h p st lic w it s th t this
oe no o r o an e a o o r er a
is f ct qui i g ith xpl ti

a a p l gy W
re r n e er e a na on or a o o . e
see n ot t c f mb ssm t ; t ch p i t th y
a ra e o e a rra en a ea o n e a re
sp ki g di ctly out f xp i c d st v g to c v y
ea n re o e e r en e an ri in on e
th s m w s s f Ch ist t th s It is bvi us
e a e ne en e o r o o er . o o
th t t h spi it of J sus d mi t s th i spi its m difyi g

a e r e o na e e r r ,
o n
b li f sh pi g id ls d th u si sms m ki g w t h
e e , re - a n ea an en a ,
a n ne e
T H E N E w TE STAM E NT F AI T H 349
s ul s vi m t t s m uti g th fl w of c sci us
o
’
en ron en ,
ra n n e o on o
th ught l yi g
o ,
t h will a u s c st i t t th t
n on e an n een on ra n o a
s vic which is p f ct f d m T this m th

er e er e ree o . o ore an
hum i flu c th y sp d with i t sity which h

an n en e e re on an n en as
s v s Th y st
n o r e er e J sus ly f l l th t
. e b
re on e on or a a ca n e
c ll d s lv ti
a e Th i m th ism is p ssi which
a a on . e r on o e a a on
re p ls id l t y th
e o a ru p d bl i ; y t i f c
as e on e n ar on a e s n e n a e
o f t his t h y put th i wh l f ith i J sus Ch ist

e S m
e r o e a n e r . o e
on e h bs v d t h t high Ch ist l gy h oft b

as o er e a a r o o as en een
a cc mp i d by w k s s f G d but th implicit
o an e a ea en e o o , e
c su h w v
en re , l v t t c t i his ic s tim t l
o e er, r e e a n o er a n t or en en a
is m s is i pp sit t t h N w T s t m t R ligi
,
na o e o e e e a en .
1
e on , a s
re ligi is t h c t ic t t h c ; d th i sistibl
on , eo en r o e ore an e rr e e
imp u ls f which t h p s t l s w c sci us t giv J sus

e o e a o e ere on o o e e
th c e t l pl c ei ligi w f th m t h fi l thic l
en ra a n re on as or e e na e a
p f th t H c uld t b l w th th high st G d
roo a e o no e o er an e e o
h d A suc f p d
ea . s giv f w lif
o r e o ar on , as er o ne e, as
m dium d v hicl of p s c f G d b y d which

e an e e a r e en e o o e on
t h mi de v g H c v y d t th m th p w s
n ca n n e er o, e on e e o e e o er
o f t h high w ld ; d if th t di t i l c c pt f t h
e er or an e ra on a on e o e
Divi w i c p bl f m ki g m f t h c tiv
ne as n a a e o a n r oo or e r ea e
an d u p ll l d c t t of His p s it must p f c
n a ra e e on e n er on , er or e
b d p
e d d wid d It w t l s t c t i th t
ee en e an en e . as a ea er a n a
H wh m d t h F th
e o k ow must h v c m f t h
a e e a er n n a e o e or
f m t h F th s lif
ro e a er
’
e .
Th p im y d cu m ts f e r arligi th xhi bit o en o ou r re on , en , e
it as disti ctiv ly Ch isti th i g t b li v i J sus

a n e r an n o e e e n e
as w b li v i e G d H i m s lf
e e N t
e ly
n but w o e . o on s o, e
sh uld t miss t h sig ific c f th f ct t h t t h w it s

o no e n an e o e a a e r er
o f t h N w T st m t l y
e e this f ith t t i t ud
e a lm st
en a on a —a e an a o
e xclusiv s t ss O t his subj ct th is fi ly t d

e re . n e ere a ne on e
I 1
h N n T t m e i ew d l h
es t a bj f h
en t t h ere s no up i ca t i on of t e o ect o f ai t
h J w
.
Th d
e i ea t l at es u s
g w
as d a ri v a of t h e F a t h er, or a s urro a t e, oul of
course p d f
h av e k r ov e d a t al a l i
h w e t o t h e i n war coh eren ce of t e ne rel i gi on
an d fl whp
t o i ts conm B i ct
b m d it d ol
y t h ei s ut y th e id l e of the secon
hh
.
c en t ury d d d l g g
p op ul a r a n u n gua r e d
a n ua e h a b ee n u s ed w i c p l a ced es us
J
d G
a l on gsi e of t h e F a t h er a s a s econ d G
od , a n d in n os t i c i s m a k i n re
d d
k dl d f m
t en d e n cy t oo un b ri e Th
or s w h N w
e c on t ra s t it h t em e T e sta en t i s
.
i n s truc t i v e .
3 50 TH E P E RS ON or J ES US CH RI ST
p ss g i Ri t h l which is t m ly i t sti g
a a e n sc ,
no e re n ere n on
o th g u ds but i cid t lly d s s m thi g t li v

er ro n ,
n en a oe o e n o re e e
a f mili di fficulty H bs v s th t i t h N w
a ar . e o er e a n e e
T st m t i spit f
e a en L d s w c mm dm t f
,
n e o our or
’
ne o an en o
l v ly th m st p i g
o e , on is m d f t h c c pti
e o S ar n u se a e o e on e on
o f l v t o eCh ist But f this s t i t h u g s th

o r . or re ra n , e r e , ere
a re g d s s A g ic id l v t Ch ist is
oo rea on . s a e n er ea o e o r
m i d fi i t th f ith i Him Th f m t m l v s
ore n e n e an a n . e or er er ea e
it u d cid d wh t h w put u s lv s
n e e l v l wi t h e er
“
e o r e e on a e e
Ch ist sub di t u s lv s t H i m But f i t h i

r or or na e o r e e o . a n
Ch ist i clud s t h c f ssi of His G dh d d His

r n e e on e on o ea an
d m i i v us d thus shuts t t h p ssi bility f

o n on o er ,
an ou e o o
e qu lity with Him

a This h dds is th vid t p .
, e a ,
“
e e en ur
p s which l ds th R f m s t l b t t h id f f ith
o e ea e e or er o e a ora e e ea o a
i Ch ist
n If Ch ist t k s th pl c f G d f ith i H i m
r . r a e e a e o o ,
a n
is c ss ily ki d f b di c
ne e ar Th p st lic p i t
a n o o e en e .
” 1
e a o o o n
o f vi w ligi us xp i m t l imm di t c uld

e — re o , e er en a , e a e o
sc c ly b b tt xp ss d th i t h w ds F i t h
ar e e e er e re e an n e or :
“
a
i Ch ist i clud s t h
n r c f si f His G dh d This
n e e on es on o o ea .
is t h i m plicit b t i x bl t which u s th ugh

e u ne ora e no e r n ro
t h Ch isti
e m ss gr wh l O s uls b w d w
an e a e as a o e . ur o o o n
i sti cti ly b f J sus wh h s v d us ; d i th t

n n ve e ore e , o as a e an n a
ac t f h m g
o His d i ty c m s h m t us It is t
o a e e o e o e o . no a
m tt f s i g but f i tuiti
a er o Th is p c ss
rea on n o n on . er e no ro e
o f l gic l c clusi
o ; a ys p d d w hv
on on ou r e e a re o en e an e a e
a vi w f Ch ist which c t b th wis xp ss d th

e o r ann o e o er e e re e an
by t h c f ssi f His G dh d Th N w T st m t
e on e on o o ea . e e e a en
p v s bu d tly th t such
ro e a xp i c is x c t ly
n an a an e e r en e e a
p ll l t t h
a ra e m tiv xp i c f t h fi st discipl s
o e n or a e e er e n e o e r e .
W e th t i Ch ist s i fl c up th m th y
ca n se e a n r
’
n ue n e on e e
p c iv d t h t f G d d wi g
er e e i g c It w
e ac o o ,
ra n n ea r n ra e . as
no t t h t th y pl c d J sus
a l gsid f G d gu d xt
e a e e a on e o o ,
ar e ne
th t G d must b lik J s s d m v d thus by syll gism

a o e e e u , an o e o
f m t h hum pp
ro e c t t h Divi li t y Th
an a ea ra n e o e ne rea . e
m tt w much m di ct vit l d p s l His

a er as or e re ,
a , an er on a .
p w t ld up th m v m s t i gly isi g th m t
o er o on e o er a er n ,
ra n e o
c mm u i with t h High st d b ki g l l th b ds
o n on e e , an re a n a e an
1
J ustifica t i on a nd Recon ci l i a t i on ( En g t r . . 5 93 — 94 .
as t u H c th y c m i t t h p s c of J sus with
r e . en e e o e n o e re en e e
a f sh u bi ss d s ul Th y h v
re ,
n a e it w o gi d . e a e as er e re a n e
th ei c c f t h y ; th y
n n o en e o t k vivid d e e e
”
e ca n a e an
or igi l imp ssi s F t h m t ll v ts wh t v

na re on . or e a a e en — a e er
m y b th c s f
a e the Chu ch t uth b u t J sus h
a e or e r — r a o e as
al l t b built u p f om t h f u d ti s
o e A d t h sp ct cl
r e o n a on . n e e a e
O f J s s m st i g th s m
e u a b di g t h m b f Him i
er n e e en , en n e e ore n
h m g d m i ti
o a e, a b di c d fi lly l wly t u st d
ra on , O e en e, a n na o r an
w ship is t h v
or ,
w d p f such d ct i
e e er -r en e ds e r oo , as o r n e n ee
an d will lw ys fi d th t i givi g J sus t h sup m

a a n , a n n e e re e
pl c a e our f it h is b s d i f g bla li t y a e on rre ra a e r ea .

1
It wil l d ubt b j i d th t f ith h m y

no o e re o n e a a as an
v yi g st g s f m t u ity d th t this ought t to b

ar n a e O a r ,
an a no e
f g tt i full discussi of th p siti tt ibut d t

or o en n a on e o on a r e o
J sus i th Ch isti c sci us ss W m y cc pt th

e n e r an on o ne . e a a e e
a dmo iti n Th pl c on . m giv s to Ch ist is tu lly

e a e a an e r na ra
d t mi d by th p s l sc d cy Ch ist h g i d
e er ne e er on a a en an r as a ne
o v him d th blig ti s u d which h f ls Ch ist

er an e O a on n er e ee r
h as l id him a si ; d ias such a gi pl i ly n n er an n a re on , a n ,
th will lw ys b m if ld d d lic t g d tio s

e re a a e an o an e a e ra a n .
I n s m mi ds th m y b
o e n m th ere d i m f li g a e no or e an a ee n
t h t i J sus p s c lif is bl cl
a n e
’
re en m e e no er , ea re r, or e
p fou d ; i oth s t h s s th t H is ightful L d f

ro n n er ,
e en e a e r or O
th ught d c d u ct th t H m k s th F th h d f
o an on , or a e a e e a er oo O
God m l d su
or e r ea t l t p i t p h ps t h t
an r e, or a a a er o n , er a ,
a
1
C w h
on s t a n t l y d m d e l h f h i h
av e n ee to re in ours e v es t at ait n t e
Ch i h p i i
,
r s t i a n sen s e, m i k w d m
is no w er e ot os e a c no le g en t O f or t or a p rec at ve
f m
,
rec o n i t i on ,
g g y i v en b us li gh t l y
y i i or a s ro a b ove ; on the con t ra r t s
g f m
,
l w
i rres s t i b y run
i b O wh m l l ro w w ll
us Th y ne i n o a
po er d e s e p erson
wh f m
.
Of Je sus w mp
i n s co d m i l ete i o i n i on o v er us n a n e x p er en c e i ch t r a n s or s
our li W f l
v es l eh h d ee mm
ours e ve s l mi h in t e an s of i ea sura b e s i ri t ua l
p g t
d f i h i
. .
I n ot h er W or m s, a it b d s s ub l k i ssi on , ca pi t ul a t on , O e i en ce oo ed a t a s
an d l
at t i t u
g e im a s ti n l y A d
on in t d e, it i s o al ty n it is a st rik i ng an
s i gn i fi ca n tm h h f h h gi
ci rcu s t a n ce hi t at i t e ai t t us v en to C r st i s gi v en n
Op p i i os t onl i l to i n a t ura fi im l nc inat bm on . Our rs t
p u se i s n ot t o su i t bu t
to resen t ly h d m
k een t d e c onf by Ch
e m
n at i o n p a s se on our s i n ul n ess ri s t s
’
ere
p d
res en ce, a n j w h dto y h
r e e ct h gh h it H h h
gr u
a
gi n g en v t
e t ou t t at e is ig er
t han w Wi l f i i
e t ha
f h h i h gf G
a th s e t h i ca l ; or t oug
“
t is t e i t of od ,
”
it
h
.
,
co m esh t m
roug flth e f p ov e r d a st eri n g i n ue n ce O a erson a n t h e i n st r u
hH b wh l
.
m bj m
’
en t a l y h
it of t eO t rut eH i i n gs . n th e o e su ect , s ee err an n s
p ri cel ess b ook , Comm u n i on wi th God .

J ES US AS S U B J E CT or F AI TH 353
lif i u iv s which d fi it ly g t d Ch ist wo u ld b

e n a n er e e n e ne a e r e
u du bl Th s
n en i cipi t f ms of f ith t t b
ra e . e e a re n en or a ,
no o e
ig d by
n ore wh d si s t k ow h w t h Ch isti
on e o e re o n o e r an
mi d b c m s Ch is t i
n But th y
e o s m thi g l ss
e r an . e a re o e n e
th f ith i its typic l d ch ct is t ic f m Th y

an a n a an a ra er or . e a re
no t quiv l t t th t ttitud which i u tt s lf m

e a en o a a e n er e -co
m i t t l giv s t Ch ist s l m ly t h p dic t s f B st

a e o d r o e n e re a e O e an
High st d k ws Him livi g p s t d divi ly

e , an no as n , re e n ,
an ne
st g t s v N w i
ron olysi g f ith
a th f uitful
e . o ,
n ana n a , as e r
s il f d c t i w
o O bvi usly b u d to ch s its m st
o r n e, e are O o o n oo e o
disti ctiv f m i which its co stit u t q u liti s d

n e or ,
n n en a e an
c t t tt i most s li t xp ssi
on en a a n W h v t k a en e re on . e a e o as
wh t Ch ist is t f c l i t ll ctu l c iticism

a r ,f no or oo n e e a r , or or
th hist i s im gi tiv sy m p thy

e or a n v f th
’
a na e a ,
or e en or e
m v m ts f si c
o e end g spi ti but f t h
O a n ere a n ea er a ra on , or e
c mpl t f ith which c sts its lf d w i t th d pths f

o e e a a e o n n o e e o
His g c t h mb di d H li ss d L v f God
ra e as e e o e o ne an o e O .
st k f i t g ti g f ith t
Th e mi a f its l w
e O n erro a n a a on e o o er
st g s th th t t h high st pp s t b m i ly
a e ,
ra er an a e e , a ea r o e a n
re sp sibl f th bsti t c t ti t h t J sus is but

on e or e o na e on en on a e
th e S ubj ct d E x mpl ef f ith t i st ict ss its

an a e O a ,
no n r ne
p p bj ct It is vi w which h
ro er o e v b wh lly
. a e as n e er ee n o
u p s t d i t h Chu ch d it is p w fully d
n re re en e n e r ,
an o er an
wid ly dv c t d w J sus it is h ld sh w d u s wh t
e a o a e no . e , e , o e a
f ith is ; H did t p s lly cl im t b b li v d i

a e no e r on a a o e
“
e e e n .
”
H w e th p ph t f
as id l high th Hims lf
e ro e o an ea er an e .
T thi k th wis is to i dulg

o n o v i l b u t misl di g
er e n e a en a ea n
ten d ss f t diti
er n e Th f sc ibi g to Ch ist
or ra on . e er ror O a r n r
an a bs l t ligi us sig ific c is i d d

o u e re c t ; o n an e n ee n o re en on e
l dy i N w T st m t d ys t h fi st w g st p w
a r ea n e e a en a e r r on e as
tk
a en Th discipl s s ys Alb t Ré i l l
.
“
e f g t th e ,
a er v e,
“
or o e
disti cti m i t i d by t h M st b tw t h pu
n on a n a ne e a er , e een e re
re ligi which H t ught d x m plifi d d f ith i His

on e a an e e e , an a n
p s er on J sus Hims lf d t t h ligi us li ti s

. e e , an no e re o r ea e
which J sus h d v l d to t h c sci u s ss b c m t h

e a re ea e e on o ne , e a e e
O bj ct p p ly sp ki g f t h ligi us b li f Th
e ,
ro er ea n , O e re o e e .
”
e
bl m f
a e ch g ordic l d u f t u t sts
a an e so ra a an so n or na e re
23
chi fly with St P ul H g v t th p s f J su s “
e . a . e a e o e er on o e ,
as th bj ct f f ith
e O imp t c
e bs lut
O a , an or a n e so a o e, so
e xclusiv th t Ch isti ity i st d of m i i g th f ith

e, a r an ,
n ea re a n n e a
of J sus Che ist b c m with h i m d rcid dly f ith i J sus

e a e e e a n e
Ch ist r Ev . si c th C h u ch h p p tu t d his
”
1
er n e e r as er e a e
err or I . c t y s this g n re en l vi w h b c m m ea r en era e as e o e ore
s lf fi d t with t h sult th t i c t i qu t s t h
e -con en , e re a n er a n ar er e
C hu ch is r stly xho t d t tu e arn e v thus l t e r e o re rn , e en a e,
f m t h G sp l f Ch ist to th m pu
ro e
“
o e d O r e ore re an
p imitiv R ligi f J sus f m f ith i th S f

r e
“
e on O e ,
ro a n e on O
G d o ,
t sc d t S vi u to th ligi us b li fs
as a ra n en en a o r, e re o e e
which J sus h ld Is this e pp l t which we .

2
an a ea o e ca n
re sp d ? on
It b tok s m t l ttitud l ly which h much

e en a en a a e , C ear ,
as
a ffi ity with t h id ls f t h ight th c tu y Th

n e ea O e e een en r . e
ra tio lism f th t li d y tt ch d ly mi i m
na O a ea r er a a a e on n or
p t c t f ll wship with G d d th c di l t uth

or an e o e o o ,
an e ar na r
th t s lv ti h
a a lity ly G d t k s th fi st st p
a on as r ea on as o a e e r e
w as n ot much d i d u b ly l g t d t bscu ity

so en e as r an e re e a e o O r .
A high pl c w giv to t h dig ity f m

a e as It w en e n O an . as
f lt th t h poss ss d i h t c p city t is hims lf

e a e e e an n er en a a o ra e e
t w d G d d pu su t h t sks f h m i us s lf cultu
o ar o an r e e a o ar on o e - re .
T i spi
O nhim f such re t p is th w ordd an e n er r e e re as n ee e
l ss R d m th
e a e t t ee
p mi t E x mpl d
er an a no oo re -e n en a e an
Pi on eer Of c u s i . ligi us tm sph f this ki d

o r e n a re o a o ere O n ,
in which t h th ught f m p d mi t s v th t f e o o an re o na e o er a O
God t h q sti f J sus

,
e bj ct f f ith h l st its
ue on O e as O e o a as o
i t st Th s s f d bt t Him is u d mi d ; H
n e re . e en e o e o n er ne e
is but p i m i t p rI wid ci cl s t h s m
us n er a res . n e r e e a e
p supp siti s h v
re w
o g i d cu cy ; d t h
on a e no re a ne rre n an e
c mp tiv study f ligi

o ara e t l st t h p i cipl s o re ou s , or a ea e r n e
O f s ch d m d c ss y f its pu suit h v b
re ea r ee e ne e ar or r , a e ee n
1
H i story o f the D ogma of th e D ei ty of J esu s Ch r i st 29 , 4 0
f h
.
,
“
A recen t ra n k e x pr ess i on o t s v w i s H ei t mii ll r s
’
2 f i i e e ar t i c l e J esu s
h
,
” '
C ri st us , i n Di Rel g e i i on i n G es chi ch t e a n d G egen wa r t Bd i i i
ff f
. .
I t t a k es a n ex t re me orm i n P W Sc h mi ed e l s i n e xp l i ca bl e a ss ert i on
’
375
h
. . .
( D i e P ers on J esu i m S trei t d er Mei n un gen d er Gegen wa r t, 19 0 6 ) t a t h i s

f
r el i gi ous li e woul d s u er n o v i t al l oss t oug ff
i t were p rov ed t a t J es us h h h
n ev er e xi st ed .
f ith d w thy t c iv it is disc u t d from t h

a an or o re e e , o n e e
o uts t i c mp tibl wi t h th l ws f hist y I t

e ,
as n o a e e
“
a O or . n o
t h c mpl xiti s f this th m w c

e o e t t h e But o e e e anno e n er er e .
it m y t l st b m k d th t th p licy dv c t d by
a a ea e re ar e a e o a o a e
th edic l th l gi s is
ra a th of p sc ibi geo o an on e ra er re r n con
e lusi s t lif d xp i c th f cc pti g wh t v

on o e an e e r en e an o a e n a e er
f sh v l ti s m y b c v y d th ugh t h m dium f
re re e a on a e on e e ro e e o
f c t Aft ll if t sc d t P s h uld m g
a . er a , a ra n en en er on S o e er e,
it is ss ti l t h t H b ck wl dg d It b t ys
e en a a e e a no e e . e ra a
dis bli g bo d g to a p i i d gm th f
a n n a th e r or o a, ere or e, n on e e
l ss hu tful th t it is u th d x wh m pp ch
e r a n or o o , en en a roa a
s tup d u s p bl m with t h t cit u d st di g th t

en o ro e e a n er an n a no
re sults b cc pt d whic h f il t c f m t
ca n e a fix d e e a o on or o a e
st d d T b t ld i dv c h w much y m y
an ar . O e o n a an e o ou a
b li v i lw ys d p ssi g d t h i m pli d ttitud is

e e e s a a e re n , an e e a e
m v oreo er t whic h c u g s th h p th t t h
no on e en o ra e e o e a e
g t st thi gs i Ch isti ity will b h dl d with t h

rea e n n r an e an e e
re quisit sy m p t hy d u d st di g Y t t h hist ic
e a an n er an n . e e or
f it h i Ch ist
a n th ly b g tt S h chi v d
r ,
as e on - e o en on , as a e e
re sults i t h c s l ti n d w l f hum liv s

e on o a on an r en e a o an e
which justify it if w m y put it i ski g v ti l ,

e a so, n a n a re e re n a
t tm t t th h ds f th i s which h v
re a en a such e an o eor e a e no
a g l g c d b hi d t h m
e on r e or e n e .
Ag i i t is tic bl th t whil th dv c t s f th
a n, no ea e a e e a o a e O e
c ll d J sus ligi
s o- a e mpl y t h fu d m t l p i
“
e re on e o e n a en a r n
c ipl f U if mity
es O d R l tivity t v t His u iqu
n or an e a o e o n e
t sc d c th y y t ffi m th c di l t uths wi t h
ra n en en e, e e a r o er ar na r
whic h th s p i cipl s qu lly i c mp tibl A

e e r n e a re e a n o a e . n
i st c will m k this cl
n an e R ligi is d fi bl a e ea r . e on e na e as
f ll wship with G d d this f ll wship h

e o lity o ,
an e o as no r ea
a p t f m p y
ar N w t th
ro w it s u d
ra vi w er . o o e r er n er re e
J sus is l g sup tu l Th sup tu l such

e no on er e rn a ra . e ern a ra as
h asb disc d d c f l l Y t it is su ly bvi us

een ar e on e or a . e re O o
th t p y t h vit l b t h f ligi
a ra er — th y t uly e a rea o re on , as e r
h ld is its lf c m pl t ly sup t u l thi g which

o —
e a o e e er n a ra n
sh tt s th m is t ic c c pti
a er f th
e w ld on on e on o e or as an
i vi l bl syst m f m ch ic l c us ti
n o a e P y e i O e an a a a on . ra er, n
o th w ds h er m i g if t h w ld is c m pl x f
or ,
as n o ea n n e or a o e o
P RA YE R AN D M ONI S M 357
rigidly d t mi d f c s cting d cti g i p

e er ne or e , a an r ea n n re
or d i d w ys Wh w p y w implici t ly d cl
a ne a . en e ra , e e are
our f ith th t t h m shw k f c smic

a a gi s is th e e or O o e n er e e
i st u m t f l vi g Will t c fi d by t h i limits
n r en o a o n no on ne e r or
e xh ust d i th i ff cts but c p bl f utilisi g th m f

a e n e r e e , a a e o n e or
s v ig
o ere d g ci us n ds Th d vout h t th t is
an ra o en . e e ea r ,
a ,
a ssu m s th t lity c t i s t sc d t f ct s ; wh
e a rea on a n ra n en en a or en
w p y G d is f
e ra ly c mmu i g with us d l di g us
,
o ree o n n , an ea n
t c m mu
o o with Him Th w ld is built s u ch li s
ne . e or on ne
as to dmit thus of c tiv d igi l v ts H c

a rea e an or na e en .
1
en e,
i t h li ght f p y
n e xp i c it is v i to sp k
o ra er as a n e er e n e , a n ea
O f an u ch gi g d i vi l bl w ld p c ss duci g l l
n an n an n o a e or - ro e
,
re n a
thi gs tn u disti guish d l v l f u if m l tivity

o on e n n e e e O n or re a ,
an d xcludi g i t
e li th gift f
n w i fi it n er a a e O a ne , n n e, un
p c d t d P s lity i wh m si s m y b li v
re e en e er on a ,
n o n n er a e e e .
Th t is a f ls p co c pti wi t h which p s l
a a e re- n e on er on a
re ligi on h ld t ms But u iv s i which

ca n o no er . a n er e n
l p y is p ssibl h b u d t m f t
d
r ea ra er o e as a n an r oo or a ra n
s cen d t S vi uen a o r .
O c m n i th e c d f this g u p f thi k s
ore, n e ree o ro o n er
th e f giv ss f i
or t i s
en e c t l pl c Th y O s n re a n a en ra a e . e
are su t h t G d c iv s si s ;
re a s u bj ct d
o re e e n n er on no e o
th y sp k with m p ssi t
e ea i f cti us th ill a or e a on a e or n e o r .
W m st e t h sit t
u s ys R uss t t k wl g
no e a e,
”
a o e ,
“
o ac no e e
th t this is th high st d fi l p i t i
a e f ith i e an na o n n ou r a n
G d wh
o w cc pt d c c iv G d t h G d
en e can a e an on e e o as e o
who f giv s si s or A g ds this l m t i th

e n .
” 2
s r e ar e e en n e
ra dic l vi w f th G sp l two bs v ti s m y b
a e o e o e O er a on a e
md a e .
I th fi st pl c f giv ss lso is t sc d t
n e r a e, or en e a a r an en en
sup tu l li t y It is cc mplish d by t sc d t
ern a ra rea . a o e a ra n en en
God ; it is s m t hi g t which ith o tu e hum ity n o ne er n a re n or an
is q u l I t h s ul f p d d m
e a . n b w ll
e o o a ar on e an , as e e
k ws ch g h h pp d which is i xpl ic bl by t h
no ,
a an e as a en e ne a e e
m e re a cti f i mm t psych l gic l f c s Wh t h

on o a n en o o a or e . a as
h pp d is th t t h bu d of i
a en e i i th t is o u s
a e r en s n— O s n a r
1 Cf . Wen d l a n d Mi ra cl es ,
a nd Ch r i sti a n i t y, ch . v ii .
F a i th o f a P r otest a n t, 1 0 1 .
an d th t cl v s t us with th w i g th t it will b
a ea e o e arn n a e
o u s f v is lift d ff d w
r or e e r— d w b ck i l v e O ,
an e are ra n a n o e
to t h F th s h t Th g t s f ight us ss which
e a er
’
ea r . e a e o r eo ne ,
s m d cl s d g i st u s t lly
ee e o e t pa c gi
a n e e rn a , a re s e O en on e a a n .
G d f giv s ;
o orbut G d f giv ; d wh i
e n on e o ca n or e an en n
this c tiv f shi H m v s t h p w f i t xp l

re a e a on e re o e e o er o s n o e e
u s f m His p s c t h t is
ro t which t h
re en m l e, e ac on e o e n or a
p c ss s f ph m l lity
ro e e O i st u m t l but
en o en a rea a re n r en a , no
m or e A such
. t it i v lv s i fi it ly m
s than ac n o e n n e ore an
c smic l ti s f i v i bl s q u c It b i gs G d
o re a on O n ar a e e en e . r n o
Hims lf i to m s lif i
e n i m m di t ( y t t
a an
’
e n an e a e e no
u m di t d) w y d st blish s
n e a e w c a cti i an e a e a ne on n e on n
whic h H d th t lif sh ll h c f th st d t
e an a e a en e or an o on e
a no th Th f giv
er . ss f G d imp t d t us i His
e or en e O o ,
ar e o n
s v ig l v is d liv c f om th c ssi t i s d
o e re n o e, a e era n e r e ne e e an
f t li t i s f vil i which sci c

a a e o d hist y s m t
e n en e an or ee o
i v lv us It is t h xp i c i which w
n o e . lly e e er en e n e rea
bcm p s s
e o e t thi gs er onli ks i ch i but f —n o n ,
n or n n a a n, ree
m en D ubtl ss th m f t d y
. o eg v ly t mpt d e en O o a a re ra e e e
t d ubt t h
o o p ssibility f p d sp ci lly if t h y h v
e o O ar on , e e a e a e
f lt t h i fl c f th t s mb
e e n tu listic p ssimism
ue n e O a o re na ra e
which h u ts t h m d mi d biddi g th guilty du

a n e o e rn n ,
n e en re
th i f t
e r b st th y m y wi t h dumb b v st icism
a e, as e e a ,
ra e o .
B t i u
u u m b d liv s ll th s misgivi gs h v v ish d
n nn er e e a e e n a e an e
i
n th p s c f J sus Ch ist F ct h p v d t
e re en e O e r . a as ro e oo
st g f
ron c ssi t i l gic Th m t wh m p d
or n e e ar an o . e an o o ar on
h as bcm l k ws c f l l th t wi t hi d b v
e o e rea no on e or a a n an a o e
c s mic l w t h is F t h th t h is f c d by m
o a ere a a e r, a e a e nO e re
sil t imp s l t d ci s b t by th livi g G d Hims lf

en er on a en en e u e n o e ,
wh puts f th His h
o d t m t d g sp u s sh i g
or an o ee an ra o r ,
u er n
us th ugh f giv ss i t
ro w d bl ss d w ld f
or en e n o a ne an e e or o
g d H th o c m t h d p st thi gs f p i
oo . er e, en , n e ore e ee e n O ex er
en c c mp l us t b k with th c c p t i of
e o e o rea e on e on a
m c h ic lly d t m i d syst m f l w ( xc pt it h
e an a e er ne e o a e e ,
as as
b put
een ci tific lly us ful
,
as a IS f giv en a e n or e
ne ss f m ly i t h c s f p y w fi d u s lv s
,
as or er n e a e o ra er, e n o r e e
i
n c t ct with u iv s t lly i t p t bl
on a a n er e no r ea n er re a e as a
cl s d ci cl f f c s ll th ch g s i which
o e r e O or eb , a e an e n ca n e
p ssibl Th c fusi t this p i t is p b bly wi g

o e . e on on a o n ro a o n
to misi t p t ti
a f th
n erf ct th t th ligi us re a on O e a a e re o
m an l g f u i with G d His d p st y i g is
on s or n on o . ee e ea rn n
f
or t h lif f u cl ud d s s h ip
e e o But l gi g m if stly n o e on . on n an e ,
is t p ss ssi ; d si c m s sh t f p f ct d s cu
no o e on e re o e or o er e an e re
fulfilm t I fid lity t t h f cts w

en . n blig d t e o e a e ar e o e o
c g is di ff c f typ b tw th fili l c sci us

re o n e a eren e o e e een e a on o
ne ss f J sus d
o we an our o n .
If th w summ d t t h v f ith i J sus

en e a re on e no o a e a n e
but t sh t h f i t h H h d
o a re ply is th t t h d m d
e a e a , ou r re a e e an
is which f u s lv s w c t s tisfy Its p i t

on e O o r e e e a nn o a . o n
O f vi w is s ti m t l
e th th enligi us ; f s ti en a ra er an re o or en
m t lis m is t h m d wh s y s
en a cl s d p sis t tly
e oo o e e e a re o e er en
to vit l f cts A d h t h vit l f cts

a a . i c t st bl n ere e a a a re n on e a e .
F or on ethi g J sus c mmu i with G d w s c t f

n , e
’
o n on o as a e re o
His w s ul ; but f
o n o H l d it p ly w so ar as e r e v ea e O en , e ca n
see it to b quit i imit bl by us His l ti t th

e e n a e . re a on o e
F th w imm di t ; u s H t ught is ly i d
a er as e a e O r ,
as e a ,
on n an
th ugh Him M v th c sci us ss f i l ds us

ro . oreo e r, e on o ne o s n ea
t
o c v g u d f c fid c xt l t s lf i
ra e a ro n O on en e e ern a o e n our
a pp ch t G d H d w b
roa o i l ss s m o s th . a e ee n S n e , o e r ea on e re
might b i th m d i vit ti biddi g us b li v lik

e n e o ern n a on n e e e e
J sus th th i Him but i sp ctiv f th

e ra er an n , ,
rre e e o o er con
sid ti s t h si gl q lity f guilt is ugh to d b

era on , e n e ua O en o e ar
u s f m t h ssumpti f ligi us i d p d c
ro e a on o re o n e en en e on a
p arwith His Th bst cl is i sup bl f m . sid , e O a e n era e ro ou r e
an d it is fi l If w t
na ch th t i . s ctu y e a re o re a a nn e r an ar ,
w must b l d thith
e by O wh is Him s lf i p f ct
e e er ne o e n er e
an d u i t upt d u i with t h F th
n n err d wh i l v
e n on e a er, a n o n o e
m if sts d s ls t h F th s pu p s t w ld f i
an e an ea e a er
’
r o e o a or o S n“
A c vi ci g
on d i t lligibl p s t t i
n n f G d is
an qui d n e e re en a on o o re re
which will tu f i to gl d c fid c W h v rn our ea r n a on en e . e a e
n eed f such v li g f ct which

O a re ly b p s l ea n a — ca n on
-
e a er on a
Lif e— will x t up us
as i w d c mpulsi e der on an n ar o on , an
giv us ie m l xp i c th c t i ty f G d s
n a ora e er e n e e er a n o o
’
re d mi g
ee ss It is b c us m i v y g h v
n n ea r n e . e a e en n e er a e a e
f u d this i J sus th t th y h v p t f ith i Him

o n n e a e a e u a n as
G d pp h sibl by m
o a re en e an .
J ES US ’
F A I TH , AN D F AI T H I N J ES US '
36 1
sugg sti th t t h
Th e l igi f J sus p s ts
e on a e re on O e re re en
th e ss c f Ch is t i ity m y b dismiss d
e en e o r im an a e e as an
p i i
res s on st d sup fici l an It sts t bo t t m er a e rror . re a o on
a quit i d qu t c c pti
e na ef wh t is a equi d i on e on o a re re n a
f ith which sh ll t ly dm ish but d m Hist ic

a a no on a on re ee . or
a lly i t is with ut f u d t i Ch isti ity m g s i

o o n a on . r an e er e n
hist y f i t h i J sus t h Ch ist f ct w d m itt d

or as a n e e r —a a no a e
by l l sch l s f wh t v typ Wh t w c ll Ch isti

a o ar ,
O a e er e . a e a r an
pi ty pp d fi st i t h w ld t
e a eare ch ct istic f
r n e or no as a ara er o
t h mi d f J sus but
e n Ot h disti c t ive ligi us ttitud
, as e n e re o a e
O f His discipl s H h d i d d vit l d i disp s bl

e . e a n ee a a an n en a e
c cti with f ith but

onn e on g ds t h p cis tu f a ,
as re ar e re e na re o
th t c cti th
a on n e b disput H w f ith s
on ere ca n e no e . e as a
’
c t
rea or, n o t its m illust ti H v k d it but H
ere ra on . e e o e , e
did t x m plify its sp cific qu lity f p it t s lf

no e e e a O en en e
ren u ci ti n aH m d on ff t t p p g t i t h s uls
. e a e no e or o ro a a e n e o
o f His discipl s x ct p ducti f His w fili l

e an e a re ro on O o n a
c sci us ss ; th y w
on o ne t d c uld t b es s i e re no an o no e on n
th e p cis s s f His p culi S ship O ly c

re e en e O e ar on . n on e
w t h w ds utt d N m k w th th F th
e re e or ere ,
“
O an no e e a er
s v th S
a e e d h t wh ms v on , a n th S will th t e o o oe er e on e o
re v l Him
ea d th y , v b p td N
”
an e ca n ne er e re ea e . O
p ph t
ro e p stl h d d t t k th m
or a o his lips
e as a re o a e e on .
A d if it st ds c d m d by hist y t h m d
n an on hyp e ne or , e o ern o
th sis is still l ss c vi ci g f
e ligi eIt is on n n or re on . an
i m p ssibl G sp l f t h i ful T pp ch G d
o e o e or e S n . O a roa o as
J sus did with ll His di ct ss d s ity f f li g

e ,
a re ne an e ren o ee n ,
but with ut His m di tio is

o t p is t t lly b y d e a n, an en er r e o a e on
our p w s If t h G sp l b c m s d m d f
o er . f ith
e o e e o e a e an or a a
lik th t f J sus h w d s it di ff f m
e a O e w Ju d ism
,
o oe er ro a ne a
It is m no g t Divi gift but

ore a dditi l l d
r ea ne ,
an a on a oa
for m wh s h ds l dy i k i w k ss d d sp i
en o e an a r ea S n n ea ne an e a r .
T i vit us t t h t sk is t plu g i d k ss ll wh s
o n e o e a o n e n ar ne a o e
c sci c is liv
on en e d who fus t ig a th
e, s lf an re e o n or e e e
e sti m t th y a e i sistibly i m p ll d t f m i J sus

e a re rr e e e o or n e
’
p s c F om this h p l ss itu ti w sc p ly
re en e . r o e e S a on e e a e on
as ys
ou r ep d to b h ld i J sus
e a re O wh m en e e o n e on e o
w c iv d st p f s lv ti
e re e e an H is t h
re vl u on or a a on . e e re e a
362 TH E P E RSON or J ES US CH RI ST
ti on , asputs it th t c qu s v y do u bt
H e rr m an n ,
“
a on er e er .
O y i g t m t p s l lif th t sh ll s lv
ur ea rn n o ee a er on a e a a re o e
e v y l m t f s p ti b tw us d it i t pu
er e e en o e a ra on e ee n an n o re
t ust d thus giv

r ,
an spi its h m is th l gi g fe our r a o e, e on n or
t h livi g G d
e But w fi d it s tisfi d i J sus i v y
n o . e n a e n e n e er
mom t wh th c ll cti f Him t k s w y

en en f
e re o e on O a e a a ou r ea r
o f th byss d d liv s us f m t h co f si
e a ,
an d e er ro e n u on an
p p l xity f th vil c sci c

er e O e e on en e .
” 1
1 Commun i on wi th God , 1 4 1—4 2 .

d v id f p i t d p p i i hist y w uld h v b c m
e o o a o n
’
a u n or , o a e e o e
i pt si c
ne ,
n p ch g t U k w
e no on ek ca n rea a rea n no n , or as
f or l y lty to f mul At th s m tim Ch ist is

o a a or a . e a e e r
no w g d d i re light ar w e d ll t sm uti g th t
n a SO ne an a - ra n n a
o ld t m s f d sc ip t i
er b c m i d qu t Th M
O e r on e o e na e a e . e an
o f S ws b s th N m which is b v v y m ;
orro ea r e a e a o e e er na e
H is t h Fi st
e d t h L st ; i
e Him dw lls th ful ss
r an e a n e e ne
O f t h G dh d e It is t su viv l m ly i figu tiv

o ea . no r a er e n a ra e
s s wh by H p sists i liv s m d b tt by His

en e ere e er
“
n e a e e er
p s c with t h p sthum us i flu c f th s i t ;
re e n e,
”
e o o n en e o e a n
th p w e f His
o s u cti
er ov ls its lf p s t re r re on re ea e as a re en
an d u iv s l ctivity
n lity
er a which m l
a d , a rea on en ea n , a n
t whic h th y
o pp l i p y H giv s
e Divi lif
a ea n ra er . e e a ne e
withi t h s ul d H sust i s it U i with Him

n e o , an e a n . n on ,
no t ss t t d ct i is d mptio This is t h dis

a en o o r n e, re e n . e
ti ncti l y Ch isti
ve t t itud t Ch ist r it pp s i an a e o r ,
as a ea r n
t h N w T st m t ;
e e d u l ss t he c ds
a f en an n e e r e or a re O no
v lu it p s ts
a e, stim t d m d of b h vi u
re re en an e a e an a o e e a o r
e vok d i b li v s by t h pp
e n ec s f th is Lo d
e er e a ea ra n e o e r en r
an d t h s u bs q u t m if st ti
e f t h Spi it
e en an e a on O e r .
It is ttitud m v which h b p p t
an a e, or eo er, as een er e u
t d i th C h u ch W dt wh h lds
a e n e bif f r . en , o o no r e or
or th d xy h s id t uly th t f ith i Ch ist

o o , as is a r a a n r as r en
in v lv s th s f u d fi it p p siti s fi st H liv s
o e e e o r e n e ro o on : r , e e
rea lly t i t h m m y f discipl s ly ; s c d H

,
no n e e or o e on e on , e
liv s p s lly t
e er on a tity w s lv d i t its ,
no as an en no re o e n o
ultim t c stitu ts ; thi d H liv s i h v

a e on t i en r , e e n ea en , no n
th e gi f t h d d ; fi lly H liv s i t h full st

re on O e ea na ,
e e n e e
p ss ssi
o e f bl ss d ss on d p w O A imp ssiv e e ne an o er .
1
n re e
typ f ligi m y
e o d ubt subsist
re on l ss th this a no o on e an ,
but t h typic lly C h isti mi d h l w ys f lt th t f

e a r an n as a a e a or
t h t iump h
e r t disch g f h missi t hum ity t h
an ar e O er on o an e
Chu ch d p ds t h
r el p s c f h L d g ci us
en on e rea re en e o er or ,
ra o ,
o m ip t t t l F ith s bj ct must b
n o en , e e rn a w d . a
’
O e e no an
h e re P st i cid ts m y h v
. a b c mm d with
n en a a e een ra e
m i gf
ea n n l k s but u l ss th y p i t t
or on oo lity er ,
n e e o n o a rea
whic h d s t p ss d wit h which woe no hv a ,

an e ca n a e
1
S ystem, 3 9 9 .
F A I TH L OOK S U P W A RD ,
N OT B A CK W A RD ON L Y 36 5
i m m di t ( t h ugh by
e a e m s u m di t d ) l ti s
o no ea n n e a e re a on ,
th y h ve m a imp t c f t h m d mi d
e no ore or a n e or e o e rn n
th t h t s f b k l g si c xti ct B li f i
an e no e O a an on n e e n . e e n
th c e ti u d p s c f Ch ist t h f is i
on n e r e en w y e O r , e re ore, n no a
th sult f gum t th ugh it m y b gum t tiv ly

e re o ar en ,
o a e ar en a e
d f d d ; it is i sti ct of th Ch isti s ul co m p
e en e an n n e r an o , ar
a bl i d p t h d cl
e n e ss i m y i st c s t b li f
an earn e , n an n an e ,
o e e
in th lity fe xt l w ld Fu th th t it is
r ea O an e er n a or . r e r, a
no h lluci ti m y b g th d t ly f m its
a na on a e a ere no on ro
mi ist ti t t h bl st typ f ch ct but f om its

n ra on o e no e e o ara e r, r
h m y wi t h J sus mi d d p m is O t h
ar on e f
’
n an ro e . n e ev e o
d th H b d t h discipl s ticip t
ea ,
e a e futu which e e an a e a re
sh uld b m k d t by d c y d i m p v ish m t but

o e ar e no e a an o er en
by full vict y b c us i spi d by His u s guid c

er or , e a e n re n e en an e,
an d i which th
n f g t chi v m ts w p ssibl er e or e r ea e r a e e en ere o e
th v du i g His w lif O
an e en r n p c iv i d d o n e
. ne can er e e, n ee ,
t h t much
a f t h c mp su with which t h v g lis t s
O e o o re e e an e
c d t h limit ti s f k wl dg
r e or e p w bs v bl
a on O no e e or o er o er a e
i t h hist ic J sus is wi g t th i p f u d
n e or e lis t i o n o e r ro o n rea a on
O f t h f ct th t t h
e a thly mi ist y w but t h fi st
a e ea r n r as e r
ch pt f c
a er which m g d t l st i u iv s l
o a a reer er e a a n n er a
gl y d d mi i
or an I vi w f th d e m t th y
o n on . n e o e n ou e en , e
c u ld ff d t b ti ly c did
o a or o e en re an .
Th c c pti e of u i wi t h Ch ist g th s th s
on e on n on r a er e e
imp ssi s i t
re on d ticul t s th i m i g It
n o on e an ar a e e r ea n n .
re p s ts l l b li v s j i d t t h L d i spi itu l
r e en a e e er as o ne o e or n a r a
f ll wship f l i f i
e o u i o t m di t d utw dly by
e, n a n on no e a e o ar
r it e c m y but p od c d d sust i d by s lf
or er e on ,
r u e an a ne e
a b d i g t ust i
an on n livi g P s r All this which is n a n e r on .
,
no t th l gy but eo o ligi h bvi usly m i g wh t re on , as O o no ea n n a
s v sv
oe er implyi g t h
a e lity f S vi u is d
as n e rea o a a o r ra e
a b v limits f tim d sp c M c uld t b thus

o e o e an a e . en o no e
i t im t ly
n a ewith Lif t h t w but is t N f ct
on e a e a a s, no . O a
which h c s d t b as f m th i li k with G d
ea e o e ca n or e r n o .
H c w m y suppl m t t h sults f t h l st ch pt
en e e a e en e re o e a a er
by ss ti g th t if Ch ist l gy is t p duc t h
a er n a r o o o re ro e e
Ch is t i c t i t y it must d fi f ith i J sus f i t h

r an er a n , e ne a n e as a
i Him
n t h li vi g as d t sc d t Lo d
e n an ra n en en r .
366 T II E P E RSON OF J ES US CH RI ST
c t i m i ds this m y w ll pp
To er a n cti yn a e a e ar a rea on ar
an d p v s pp l t
er er eth d x t diti a T diti ea o or o o ra on . ra on ,
h w v h c mp tiv ly littl t d with it I

o e e r, as o ara e e o o . n
g t m su
rea th d xy is qu sti s l ly f xp t
ea re or o o a e on o e or e er
th l gi s
eo o an ls k wi g p cis ly wh t o th
,
no on e e e no n re e a r o
d xy is But th l ym t h fix d b li fs f which
o . e a an oo as e e e ,
o
a b i f d lucid c mp dium m y b f u d i th b st
r e an o en a e o n n e e
Ch isti hym s A d y
r an wh is t p i s to
n . n an on e o a a n
ana lys th d ct i l implic ti s f

e e ci t hym
o r na a on O an an en n
lik th T D m
e e m d hym lik J su L v
e eu ,
or a o ern n e
“
e , o er
O f my s ul m y s tisfy hi m s lf
o , t th futility f
a a e as o e O
supp si g t h t b
o n v c f t diti i spi s th
a are re e ren e or ra on n re e
Chu ch s ffi m ti f Ch ist s p p tu l p s c Wh t
r
’
a r a on o r
’
er e a re en e . a
f ith l gs f
a on d is ssu d of p ss ssi g is t h
or , an a re o e n ,
e en
l i gh t m t di c t i
en pw
en d c s l ti
,
mi ist d
re on , o er, an on o a on n er e
by O wh Hims lf p ss d by th w ys f hu m lif
ne o e a e e a O an e,
an d i th v il d pl c wh H dw lls
n e e high i t
e a e ere e e on s no
u mi dful of His f ll w s
n n d Th m d w m o o er
’
n ee . e en an o en
wh m d Ch isti
o a hist y h v b
e i m t d by t h
r an or a e een an a e e
f ith th t t h x lt d L d
a a m k t h limitl s
e e a e or ca n a e e es re
s u c s f His t sc d c v il bl f th humbl st f
o r e O ra n en en e a a a e or e e o
th s i ts If by symp th y H sh s th i p i th y
e a n . a e a re e r a n, e
a ls sh i th bl ss d ss f His lif with G d

o are n e e e ne O e o .
Of this c victi th m st tu l d xplicit

on on e o na ra an e
S ig is t h ff i g f p y di ctly t Ch ist F m
n e O er n o ra er re o r . ro
t h v y outs t sy y m f b li v s w ll th t “ “
e er e a n on or e e er as a a
c ll up th
a m f
on L d J sus Ch ist
e na Th e O ou r or e r .
” 1
e
p ctic is
ra ef m which m y c il on e th g u d ro an re o ,
on e ro n
th t p y t G d i J sus m
a ra er d thiso ly is o n e
’
na e, an on ,
n or m lly Ch isti
a But t h N w T st m t whil
r an . e e e a en ,
e
c b ti g th i m i p i cipl d s t pp t
orro ora n e r a n r n e, oe no a ear o
justify th i f c th y h v d w Th s lf st i t
e n e ren e e a e ra n . e e -re ra n
an d wh t m y b c ll d t h spi itu l t ct f t h
a a p stl s
e a e e r a a O e a o e
in this d m i m if st y t w
o a n p c iv b th a re an e , e e ca n er e e o
th t th y p y d t Ch ist d t h t wh th y did it
a e ra e o r an a en e so
w as t b c us
no th y g d d Him
e a te th m e re ar e as n earer o e
s lv s d f m c m p ssi t sy m p thy th God

e e an O a ore o a on a e a an
1 2
1 CO 1 .
368 TH E P E R S ON OF J ES US C H RI ST
t he u s I th
n e en tu l p t y f f ith w m y
. n e na ra oe r O a e a
sp k th ugh H did but it is p t y t f ct His

ea as o e ,
oe r ,
no a .
p s c is d p t d th ugh w
re en e e d i k i t h spi it f
ar e , o e ca n r n n e r O
His w ds d thus i di ctly h v c mmu i wi t h His

or an n re a e o n on
mi d n D s this ff d su ffi ci t b sis f sp cific lly

. oe a or a en a or e a
Ch isti lif ?
r an e
T k t h ss ti th t th di ct i flu c f J sus
a e e a er on a e re n en e O e
t mi
er t d t th na e ifi i wh t d s it i mply ? This
a e c r uc x on — a oe
a t l st s ea ly th t His
,
thly discipl s c iv d
ure ,
a ea r e re e e an
imp ssi f His sig ific c m d ply d i t s ly

re on O n an e ore ee an n en e
p s l th
e r on a y w v il bl an anAt d th His i flu c no a a a e . ea n en e
w duc d i w ys v t b c mp s t d D ubtl ss
a s re e n a ne er o e o en a e . o e
t His w mi d it migh t s m
o o n xp di t th t H sh uld
n ee e e en a e o
g wy dcm gi
o a a an im m di t p s l ctivity
o e a a n as a n e a e e r on a a ,
i t h Spi it which sh uld t uch m

n e r with quick i g o o en a en n
pow d t
er sf m th i s uls ; but His c d d
an ra n or e r o r e or e ex
p ssi s this subj ct w

re on on t ld th d t but e , e a re o ,
a re e ar en
u uth is d ffsp i g f ligi us f cy N w t such

na or e O r n o re o an . o o a
pl it m y su ly b pli d th t lif
ea a re ly b i m e re e a e ca n on e
p t d by li i g P s
ar e Ev
a Ch ist s w ds p t
v n er on . en r
’
or , a ar
f m Ch ist Hi ms lf
ro r p w l ss t ch g m e , a re o er e o an e en .
M v it g v ly m difi s
oreo er, imp ssi ra f J sus
e o e our re on O e
’
i c m p bl g t ss if it b sc t i d th t H p ss d
n o ara e rea n e e a er a n e a e a e
ou t f c t ct with His p pl
O on a If lik ll th s H eo e . e a o er e
w as f c d t ck wl dg d th s s p ti g p w
or e o a d
no e e ea
’
e ara n o er , a n
t oc m mit th futu f His c s to t h i flu c f

o e re O au e e n en e o
e v p ti g mi isc c h w dubious d p ti l His

a ora n re n en e, o an ar a
vict y ! Is this i s b t uth

or supp siti which
,
n o er r , a o on
will cc u t f t h f lt p w f Ch is t t eg
a o n or t e e o er O r o r en era e
an d t fig ra n s ffi c cy f m l d mpti which
u re— ah e a O ora re e on
th xp i c f c s c t d missi i s p v s to b
e e er en e O on e ra e on ar e ro e e
a cti g n th w ld t d y
on u p c d t d sc l ?
e or o— a on an n re e en e a e
Th w it s
e f t h N w T st m t
r er o su ly m e e e a en a re re or e con
i i g wh
v nc n th y t ll us th t t h m th d f Divi
en e e a e e o O ne
re v l ti f t J sus d th c ti u d t b i ss c
e a on a er e
’
ea on n e o e n e en e
wh t it h d b
a f m ly I t h d ys f His fl sh
a e en or er . n e a o e
J s s m d G d k w t h ugh His p s l hum ity

e u a e o no n ro e r on a an
i such m d s th t th c f th t h
n o e v l ti b c m a en e or e re e a on e a e
TH E I N FL U E NCE OF A P RE S E NT L ORD 369
i s p bl f m its hu m m dium Th s m J sus

n e a ra e ro an
‘
e . e a e e ,
i h biti g w ph i which His i flu c is i

n a n no a S ere n n en e un
v er sa l i d c ti u s t
se ,
v l th F th
on d t b st w
n e o re ea e a er an o e o
a g ti g lif th ugh th i st um t lity f His

r e e n era n e ro e n r en a O
o w p s n l imp ssi
e r on a W still b u it d t Him
re on . e ca n e n e o
th ugh f ith O this vi w t h Divi wo ki g h

ro a . n e , e ne r n as
b m k d by t i i ty t ch st g Th ugh ut
een ar e
‘
con nu a ea a e . ro o ,
t h livi g P s
e f J sus is th ultim t f c i Ch isti
n e r on O e e a e or e n r
an i ty Its l c t t d p w
. rea dissip t d if it
on en an o er a re a e
b cut l s f m
e imm di t l ti ship with Him
oo e ro an e a e re a on ,
m t chi g p s v d i b ks
e re ea n t diti s b i g
,
re er e n oo or ra on , e n
substitut d f th lif givi g i flu c of p s t Lo d

e or e e- n n en e a r e en r .
Difficult th b li f i th c ti u d ctivity f
en as e e n e on n e a o
Ch ist m y b f t h Ch isti its g ti is i volv d

r a e, or e r an ne a on n e
i
n g v difficulti s still It is t m ly th t G d
ra er e . no ere a o
h as k pt Ch ist s m m y f sh d livi g It is th t
e r
’
e or re an n . a
Ch ist h b
r x lt d P i c d S vi u O y
as een e a e a r n e an a o r . n an
o th vi w er L d w t t lly i t h d k c c i g
e ou r or as o a n e ar on ern n
th futu
e f His c usre f it is c t i th t H
o a e, or er a n a e
an ticip t d His spi itu l p s c with b li vi g m

a e r a r e en e e e n en
u til t h d Th p ff f this u s c mp i ship

n e en . e ro er o n ee n o a n on
i v i bly f m d p t f t h Ch is ti m ss g Th t
n ar a or e ar o e r an e a e . a
H e w mist k i
as ticip ti which h b
a en n an an a on as e en
a bu d tly fulfill d i s i tly xp i c b c m s m

n an e n a n e er en e, e o e ore
i c dibl
n re th qu s t io is c sid d E o is t
e as e e n on ere . rr r no
thus th f uitful s il f t iumph O ly t h Livi g

e r o O r . n e n ca n
p v il Thos wh h i k f m imp chi g th p vi

re a . e o S r n ro ea n e ro
d ti l c u s f th w ld will f l th t g u ds m
en a o r e o e or ee a ro n or e
c vi ci g th
on n
y y t put f w d
n an anqui d t p v e or ar a re r e re o ro e
th t H who
a t ught d w ught i t h p w f
e so a an ro n e o er o
G d h
o withd w i to sil c d i cti
as ra idl
n n en e an na on , a s an e,
if i t st d p ct t of th p g ss f th t sk H
n e re e , S e a or e ro r e O e a e
i ugu t d th
na ra e th on e ea r .
1
Ch isti c sci us ss th J sus is x lt d

TO t h e r an on o ne , en , e e a e
as v p s t d lmighty i t h p f u dly ig ifi
e er - r e en an a ,
or, n e ro o n s n
c t w d f t h N w T st m t H is L d ( mip )
an or o e e e a en , e or i os .
1
Cf Garv i e, S t ud i es i n the I n ner L if e
. o f J esus , 459 .
His i t p siti w n er t sit y pis d but h

o on as no ra n or e o e, as
b c m by its t sc d c
e o e t l d l l d t mi i g
ra n en en e an e e rn a an a —
e er n n
f ct i t h l ti ship f G d t m
a or n e re a T pp h d on o o o an . O a re en
this is i ss c to k w wh t t h p stl s m by
n e en e no a e a o e ea n
L dship I t h d cl ti f St P t th t t his J sus

or . n e e a ra on O . e er a
“
e
wh m y c ucifi d G d h th m d L d d Ch ist
o e r e ,
o a a e or an r
”
( A c t h ph s d fi s Him xpli
e itly s v igra e e ne e c as o er e n
i t h sph
n e s b th f g c d tu
er e Of g c fi st
o o ra e an na re . ra e r ,
b ite t d f tu by w y f c s qu c This is t h
no e ,
O na re a O on e en e . e
r ea l d i which t h t uth is m di t d t f ith d

or er n e r e a e o a ,
an
i
n whic h l it is ch g d with spi itu l p w
a on e W ar e r a o er . e
fi st c g is Ch ist L d withi th
r re o n e g f i di r as or n e ra n e o n
vidu l p s l lif d xp d this i i t i l ssu c l t t

a er on a e, a n e an n a a ra n e a er o
u iv s l d bs lut dim si s It h b
n er a an a tt mpt d
o e en on . as een a e e
todisti guish t h np w f th x l t d Ch ist x cis d e o er o e e a e r ,

e er e
s l ly f
o e d mptiv ds f m t h sh m t physic l
or re e e en ,
ro e eer e a a
o m ip t c f G d ; but th disti cti is u t bl

n o en e O o
1
e n on n en a e .
In vi w f t h i divisibl u ity f th c s m s it is f til

e o e n e n o e o o ,
u e
to re p s t t h sw y f Ch ist
re en mb ci g t h Chu ch
e a o r as e ra n e r
but t th t t l u iv s N p titi
no e f i flu c
o a n er e . O ar on O n en e
is c c iv bl T xclud v
on e a p ti f lity f m
e . O e e e en a or on O re a ro
His d mi i is t sugg st such

o n on v tu l du lism o e an e en a a as
must b c m i t l bl b th t f it h d s
e o e n o eraAt e o o a an r ea on .
th s m e tim His sov ig ty b s p culi ly up th

a e e e re n ear e ar on e
Chu ch i r f th b li v s wh c mp s th Chu c h
n so ar a s e e e er o o o e e r
a re c sci us f d sp siv t His p f ct will His

on o o an re on e o er e ,
sup m ims thus b i g lis d by th i i st um t lity

re e a e n re a e e r n r en a .
His pu p s p v ils t by b upt fl t but th ugh t h

r o e re a no a r a ,
ro e
m di ti f s v d m
e a on o a e en .
Th su cti f C h ist m ks th p i t t which

e re rre on o r ar e o n a
this s v ig p w w fi st m d ff ctiv T h gh
o er e n o er as r a e e e e . rou
a v st sul t i g xp si f ctivity th S th b c m
a re n e an on o a e on en e a e
i disti guish bl f m t h F th i th s s th t H
n n a e ro e a er n e en e a e
is w p ss ss d f p w t
no o lis i hum liv s
e e o o er o re a e n an e
a s lv ti which is u i wit h G d Hims lf T di

a a on n on o e . ra
ti onal th l gy l g ly blit t d this sp ct f t h

eo o ar e o era e a e o e
re s u cti rre c isis i th c stituti f Ch is t s

on a s a
“
r n e on on o r
’
F i 1
by B D m
or Ch
nst a n ce 1 7 f ovon , og a ti qu e ré ti en ne, 11 . 6 .
372 TH E P E RSON OF J E S US CH R I S T
G d s l st w d f g c b y d which t v i fi it
o
’
a or o ra e, e on no e en n n e
lv
o e cang Th m i g o f Ch
. ist w t h discl su
e f ea n n O r as e o re o
t h F th
e a p f ct l v but it is f qu tly v l k d
er as er e o e, re en o e r oo e
th t this l v c uld t b c g is d
a o e p f ct s v
o no e re o n e as er e a e
as xhibit d i p v ili g bs lut p w

e e n w ll re
p a n a o e o er as e as a
p li g m l b uty Ap t f m th m if st ti f
ea n ora ea . ar ro e an e a on O
an lmigh ty l v i
a th xp i c f t h R v l th
o e n e e e r en e O e e e a er, e
c t t f t h v l tio must
on en O ds h v b f g
e re e a n n ee a e ee n ra
m t y d mbigu us R su cti th f c w d
en a r an a o . e rre on , ere ore, ro ne
th d m st ti f G d s l v bs lut p w t ’
e e on th
ra on O o o e as e a o e o er o
which ll lity is subs vi t d which

a r ea i f er en ,
an no s n O
m an i d p d t o di c f tu
or n e en v df t
en r n an e o na re ca n e er e ea .
But this displ y w p ot ct d f m th d g f m i a as r e e ro e an er O s
c st ucti i s mi p g w ys by t h f ct f th C ss
on r on n e - a an a e a O e ro ,
i
n which th s m Divi l v su ff d f t h guilty
e a e ne o e er e or e .
Wh J sus p ss d i t t h h v s it w
en e a b i ge n o e ea en , as as ea r n
withi Him th f uit d issu f th t suff i g His

n e r an e o a er n .
gl y lw ys is t h gl y f th C ifi d Th p i f
or a a e or O e r uc e . e a n O
t h Right us O
e is b c m th d y st f th w ld
eo ne e o e e a - ar o e or .
All th t w h v s id is implicit i
a th
e l gu g f a e a n e an a e O
th e fi st Ch isti c d J sus is L d Th s g t
r r an ree — e or .
1
e e rea
w ds to b
or , d ightly sh uld b e rea d twic t h st ss r , o e rea e, e re
f lli g lt t ly
a n a p dic t d subj ct
e rn a e J sus is on re a e an e . e
L d or H —liv s w i t h Divi gl y m ip s t
e e no
'
n e ne or ,
o n re en
an d lmighty i His
a d mi g l v But ls this L d
n re ee n o e . a o or
is J th S
es us— f M wh w e m d i ll thi gs
on o an o as a e n a n
lik His b th
e d t l st b w d Hims lf d w
re ren , i an a a o e e o n n
sh ma d e g y d d th S lf
an a u ci g l v
on an ea . e -
ren o n n o e on
t h w ld s th C h ist s v ig th ugh His p ssi

’
e or ron e , r o ere n ro a on
this i its pu ss c is th p st lic f it h ; d is it

,
n re e en e , e a o o a an
w d ful th t th s wh p ss ss d it
on er a th w o e o o e e , or ra er e re
p ss ss d by it sh uld h v m d t h N w T st m t
o e e , o a e a e e e e a en
u qu ll d i th w ld s lit t u f gl d hop ful ss

ne a e n e or
’
era re or a e ne
an d s ity e re n
This v luti isi g f ith ls i m pli s th t if v

re o on n a a o e a e en
no w th Chu ch c g is s t h s v ig ty f C h ist
e r re o n e e o e re n o r ,
it will d y b c g is d by ll H h ll y t b
on e a e re o n e a . e S a e e
1
1 0 0 123 , Ph 21 1 .
TH E GI V E R OF T H E S PI RI T 37 3
m anif st d i m d s t l ss w d ful th th s f
e e n o e no e on er an o e o
His fi st pp i g Th i s t i ctiv c victi th t His

r a ea r n . e n n e on on a
w k must ch c sum m ti
or d p f ct d f uiti
re a on a on an er e e r on
h lw ys b
as a chi f i flu c sti mul ti g t h Chu ch
a een a e n en e a n e r
t f mul t w t hy c
o or c p t i s f h L d Wh t h
a e or on e on o er or . en e
w it s f th N w T st m t l k d i t t h st tchi g
r er O e e e a en oo e n o e re n
futu th y b h ld J sus Ch ist ccupyi g c t l

r e, e e e e r o n a en ra
p siti i t h l st d cisiv sc
o on n f hist y d th f l t
e a e e en e O or ,
an e e
g t ss f His p s f f m c ushi g t h m i dumb

r ea n e o e r on , ar ro r n e n
aw th ill d th i im gi ti dil t d th i r s
e, r e e r a na on , a e e r ea on ,
and lift d up th i ki dl d m i ds t
e w u d mt f e r n e n o ne , n rea -O
th ughts c c i g His l ti t G d d m
o on ern n A re a on o o an an
:
c tiv ligi us xp i c wil l lw ys p ovid th t ms

r ea e re o e er en e a a r e e er
i which it m y b fi t l y st t d
n a e a e .
l ti f th x lt d Ch ist t His f ll w s is
Th e re a on O e e a e
'
r o o o er
d sc ib d by p st lic w it s i t w c c pti s whic h

e r e a o o r er n o on e on ,
h v b f lt
a e p s ti g t w
een e di l i t s t s f
as re r e en n o c ar na n ere o
f ith Th s
a . th c c pti s f Ch ist Giv f
e e a re e on e on O r as er O
t h Spi it
e d I t c ss
r with th F th
an n er e or e a er .
At p s t I thi k justic is d t t h
re en , as
p n , e on e o e con ce
ti on f th oSpi it i th by t h s v
e f ms fr ne er e e erer or O
t diti l th d xy by m d Lib l P t st tism

ra on a or o o n or o ern e ra ro e an .
If our f ith sid is s lici t d f

a on on ec ti p f e o e or a er a n cor us O
d ct i l th y
o r na th th w eor p i t d t th
, on e o er e a re o n e o e
C p t f N z th t h h ic M f t h fi st c tu y
ar e n er o a are , e ero an O e r en r .
I n i t h c s is f ll wship with p s t L d m d
ne er a e e o a r e en or a e
c t l This m u st d p p f u dly
en ra . s s f v lu ee en ro o n ou r en e o a e
i t h N w T st m t c c pti
n e e f t h Spi it
e a F it isen on e on O e r . or
on ly t h S pi it as with Ch ist Hims lf c m s t

e r — on e r e —
o e o
p p tu t t h spi itu l p s c f t h L d d t c st
er e a e e r a re en e O e or ,
an o a
light th u di g sig ific c f His w k th t w

on e n en n n an e O or , a e
ar e qui t lib t d f m t h i m p s l d xt l
e e ra e ro e e r on a an e ern a ,
wh th it b lif l ss d ct i
e er th
e hist ic lly v ifi d
e e o r ne or e or a er e
e v ts fen v c di g p st O ly th ugh t h Spi it

O an e er -r e e n a . n ro e r
h v w c t ct with th l ivi g Ch ist It is p tic ul ly

a e e on a e n r . ar ar
i
n th p g s f t h F u th G sp l th t this l g d
e a e o e o r o e a ar e an
f ui t f ul id is p s t d
r ea re e n e .
374 TH E PE RS ON OF J E S US CH RI S T
c mi g f t h Spi it h w v is t t b
Th e o n o e r ,
o e er , no o e
c c iv d f mi g c mp s ti
on e e as substitut f th
or n a o en a on or e or e
a bs t Ch ist ; it is th high m d i which Ch ist

en r e er o e n r
Hims lf is p s t I will c m t y
e r e en d wh . o e o ou an
“
en
th C mf t is c m
e o ccu i t ch g bl y d y
or er o e o r n er an ea ,
an an
d ct i f th T i ity which fi ds th is
o r ne O e i sup bl r n n an n era e
O bst cl st ds f c vict d f t i th i
a e an B tw th
so ar on e o r e srn . e een e
Spi it d Ch ist i t h h
r an t xp im t l disti cti
r n e ea r no e er en a n on
ca n b m d Th
e is th m th d f th th
a e . Th t
e on e e e o O e o er . a
th Spi it sh uld h v
e r v sh d w d th hist ic Ch ist
o a e o er a o e e or r
by p i g o w en n d l fti st g f v l ti is
a ne an o er a e O re e a on a
no tio whic h th p st lic mi d c uld t h v f m d

n e a o o n o no a e or e .
A it h
s b xp ss d th ffic f th Spi it c sists
as een e re e ,
“
e O e o e r on
i d cl i g t h mi d f J sus a d p p tu ti g t h w k
n e ar n e n o e n er e a n e or
H h d cc mplish d i
e a a His thly lif
o Th S pi it e n ea r e . e r
is th p i l s u c f w v l ti
e er en n a d y t this o r e o ne re e a on , an e
ne w v l ti is ly th u f ldi g v m l g ly
re e a on on e n o n , e er ore ar e
an d cl ly f wh t h l dy b imp t d i t h
ear , o a as a rea e en ar e n e
lif f J sus Al l
e O e k wl dg f G d d His t uth
. our no e e o o an r
is ultim t ly d iv d f m t h hist ic l m if st ti
a e er e ro e or a an e a on ,
which c v ys di ff t m ss g t on e ch succ di g
a er en e a e o ea ee n
tim but e, v b sup s d d ca n Th gl ifi d

ne er e er e e .
”
1
e or e
S via is id tic l with t h J sus wh s j u d

o ur en a e e o o o rn e on
ear th d t h w k s um d u d l g c diti s wi t h
,
an e or re e n er ar er on on ,
an a cc ss f Divi p w is b u t t h c ti u ti f His
e O ne o er, e on n a on o
ea rthly t sk i t h light f which it m ust b i t p t d

a , n e O e n er re e .
It m y h lp a pp h si f Ch ist s x lt t i if w
e our a re en on o r
’
e a a on e
i qui v y b i fly why t h
n r e, er thly lif f J sus sh uld
r e , e ea r e o e o
h v h d t l s b f t h Spi it w p u d f th
a e a o C o e e ore e r as o re or .
( ) It isath ugh t h S pi it th t m b c m p
ro su d d e r a en e o e er a e
of J sus eR d m but p i t th c ucifixi His

as e ee er , r or o e r on
R d m ship h d
e ee t b
er fully m if st d Ap t f ma no een an e e . ar ro
His d th i b h lf f si s Ch ist is t c mpl t ly

ea n e a o n n er ,
r no o e e
k w no S vi u
n fas s lv ti c sists i b i g c
a o r, or a a on on n e n r e on
cil d t G d i vi w f J su s whil
e o o thn th h d e o e , e on e o er an
b f C lv y th h ly l v c stituti f His i m st
e ore a ar e o o e on ve O n o
b i g w i c mpl t ly v l d T b
e n as n o f uit t h e e re ea e . o ea r r , e
1
Scot t, Th e F ou r th Gosp el , 35 1 .
c uld
o lis d O
n ot be th H h d b m if st d
re a e . n ea r e a een an e e
as hum i dividu l h dg d b ut by physic l

a an n a , e e a o a
ne e c ssiti s bs t f m th s f ll w s th t H migh t b
e ,
a en ro e e o o er a e e
wi t h th s A d b f o e I m gl d f y u s k s th t
. n e ore
“
a a or o r a e a
I w t th
as c uld p ss i t L I m with y
no e re
”
o a n o O, a ou
a lw y a v st t sf m ti i His m d f xist c
, a a ra n or a on n o e O e en e
m ust occ u It w d th d su cti which f m d

r . as ea an re rr e on or e
th t e siti p i t d i st ll d Him i
ra n on - o n w d f an n a e n a ne or er o
c diti s th ugh which H b c m th i dw lli g lif

on on ,
ro e e a e e n e n e
o f His Chu ch This u iv s lity f p ti b th

r .
“
n er a O O era on , o
i t siv
n en d xt siv w it s D F st c t
e an e en e, r e r . orre ,
“
an n o
b l g t t h Divi whil cl th d d l c lis d i fl sh

e on o e ne e o e an o a e n e
d bl d ; it must b lib t d f m th s b ds b f
’
an oo e e ra e ro e e on e ore
it tt i it Th xt l f ct must dis pp
ca n a a n . e e er n a a or a ea r e re
th eI c t n t i t His gl y
ar n a e Thus ly
ca n en er n o or .
” 1
on
a ft t h su c t i c uld t h Spi it f Ch ist

er e re rr e on o e r o r or
Ch ist r Spi it b sh d f th
as wid sp d ctu l
r —
e e or as a e r ea , a a
e xp i c er en e .
Th s c d m d i which t h is L d is p s t d
e e on o e n e r en or r e en e
in th N w T st m t
e e sust i i g ctiv l ti s t
e a en as a n n a e re a on o
b li v s is th t f I t c ssi
e e er O is cc si lly
a O n er e on . ne o a on a
t mpt d t
e e k wh th this c c p t i is t
o as f e er on e on no on e o
whic h w m d s h v l st th k y N
e o ern dw hv a e o e e . or n ee e a e
an y sc upl i cr c di g t e t h full th t t h p s t
n on e n o e a e re re en a
ti f Ch ist s h v ly i t c ssi p t k s l g ly f
on O r
’
ea en n er e on ar a e ar e o
symb lism Y t symb ls m y h v d fi it d v

o . e o a a e a e n e an e en
an i xp ssibly p ci us sig ific c It w

ne re with re o n an e . as so
th I t c ssi f Ch ist Th p stl s it h b

e n er e on o r .
“
e a o e ,
”
as ee n
s id m ti this s c d fu cti with ki d f d i g

a ,
en on a re n on a n O a or n
a w which is quit p culi

e v i th N w T t t
e e ar e en n e e e s a nren .
It s ms t h v i m p ss d th m
ee o a f th
e i m gi re e e as on e O e un a n
a bl w d s f d mpti
e on er s m thi g w h ich i l v
o re e on — o e n n o e
w t f b y d l l th t w c uld k thi k Wh
en ar e on a a e o as or n . en
i spi d th ught t uch s it it sts

n re o it o e ,
re on as an un
su p ss bl h ight
r a a e e .
”
2
Ad m itt dly t h li m its f hum e f culty i t p s e O an a n er o e a
ve ot wh w tt mpt t xpl i sp cific c t s i which

en e a e o e a n e a n
1 2
A u th ori ty f
o Ch ri s t, 3 50 . D en n ey , S tud i es i n Th eol ogy, 1 62 .
TH E I NTE RCE SS I ON OF CH RI S T 377
our L d s i t c ssi m y c sist It w uld b

or
’
n er e on a
~
on . o e
m i gl ss f x mpl t co c iv f it t ki g pl c
ea n n e ,
or e a e, o n e e O as a n a e
i w ds
n orpk t ty W ds imply dist c d
or S o en e n re a . or an e an
du lity f ki d i c g u us with t h id tity f lif

a O a n n on r o e en o e
subsisti g b tw Ch ist d th F th
n e Th i s is
een r an e a er . e r a
u ity th t ds
n l gu g O th th h d it
a n ee no an a e
. n e o er an ,
w uld b t l ss
o e us t mpty th t i t c ssi
no e e rron eo o e a n er e on
o f ll p s a l sig ific c App tly w d ight t

er on a n an e . a r en e o r o
im g it a e i v lvi g t l st His m di t i l p s c
as n o n a ea e a or a re e n e
b f G d with k wl dg f ch f us d wit h pity

e ore o ,
no e e O ea o an
for ch His gl ifi d p s b i g
ea — it w or e er on e n ,
as e re , a
c s l ssly p v ili g pp l to t h
ea e e c cili g w k
re a n a ea e re on n or
a cc m plish d
o th th d ls f ct which c lls
e on e ea r , an a o a a re a
i t s ly th p p tu l
n en e ds of m still t i d d
e er e a n ee en r e an
t mpt d Ch ist h d b
e e as Thus L d s i t c ssi
r a een . our or
’
n er e on
i m pli s t t h l st th t H is c c d wi t h l
e a e ea a e on er n e r ea
p ticip ti g symp thy i t h xp i c s f His Chu ch

ar a n a n e e er en e O r ,
this symp thy b i g p j ct d i t His f ll wship with

a e n ro e e n o e o
th F th
e a t u d livi g l m t i its c t t
er, as a r e an n e e en n on en .
I th t Divi
n a c mmu i th s who c w pu ch s d
ne o n on , o e on e er e r a e
a t d
so p ic ear a v f g tt With l v d
r e are ne er or o en .
“
o e an
l gi g i fi it H wh m d Hims lf utt ly
on n n n e
”
with e o a e e er on e
m en i lif n d d th is still c sci usly id tifi d with

e an ea on o en e
His b th ; d t h spi it d ims f th g t

re ren an e r an a O e rea
Adv c t w m y g th
o a e f m His p ti g p titi s i th
e a a er ro ar n e on n e
F u th G sp l Th f ith f t h Chu ch d th
o r o e
“
e a o e r , an e
p y s which it utt s t h
ra er sp sibiliti s which it er — e re on e
e x cis s i vi tu f its f i t h will still h v th t

er e — n r e O a , a e a
supp t f m th g t s ul f Ch ist which du i g His

or ro e rea o o r r n
visibl mi ist y h d b t h st y f t h discipl s i th i

e n r a een e a O e e n e r
fi st st ps i t h w lif f th Ki gd m
r e n e ne e O e n o .
” 1
Th s v st ligi us c c pti s Th y
e e a re a
p re o on e on . e a r e con ce
ti s which h v imp t d t
on d subst c t Ch isti
a e ar e on e a n an e o r an
p ch i g t its b st ; t h y h v ls suppli d st g
rea n a e e a e a o e r on
m tiv s f c sist t d imp ssiv Ch isti lif F

o e or on en an re e r an e . or
t h s ldi
e f ight us ss it is
o er O v yfu t fpw t
r eo ne a er o n O o er o
re ck th i t
on on st d c mp i ship f t h C pt i
e n er e an o a n on o e a a n
1
H ogg, u t sup ra , 218 .
Of s lv ti ; t t h hu m bl st b li v it is v ythi g to
a a on o e e e e er e er n
re st i t h l v f th t u s F i d wh s f ithful c
n e o e O a n een r en o e a are
is u ff ct d by ch g f tim
na e e dig ity It is p t an e o e or n . ar
th f f th b st Ch isti c victi th t
ere ore O e L d e r an on on a a s our or
no w liv s i G d d G d i Him His th ght

e n o d p w , an o n ,
ou an o er
ar e c st tly di ct d t ll b li v s d t h t i th s
on an re e o a e e er , an a n e e
m st o l l ti s with m H cts
rea re a it w f m on en e a ,
as ere , ro
withi t h v y b i g f G d Hims lf His ight d

n e er e n O o e . r an
a bili ty t t m v o g u d d m lly i th
ac ,
ore o er , a re ro n e or a n e
a bidi g v lu f His s c ific i which

n a e i t sts w
O a r e, n ou r n e re ere
c m pl t ly d fi lly id t ifi d with His Th succ u i g

o e e an na en e . e o r n
lv o e ou rp y s d w f th is t c t d by
ra er p y s ra or no rea e our ra er .
R tha its v lidity is th st df st b ckg u d d p t cy

er a e ea a a ro n an o en
of ll w a w c iv e no re e e .
d g which h l g sh d w d f ith i t h
Th e an er as on a o e a n e
e x lt d Ch ist is th t f
a e u b idl d d c p ici us
r a O an n r e an a r o
mysticism Id s g i d cu cy sp cti g His i t

. ea a ne rr e n re e n n er
p siti i hum liv s which h v

o on n l ti t His k w
an e a e n o re a on o no n
ch ct a ra Th gl ifi d R d m
er . h b is l t d f m
e or e e ee er as e en o a e ro
th hist ic J sus whil t h i dividu l s ul h i tu

e or e , e e n a o as n rn
b is l t d f m t h vit l g ic b th h d f th
een .
o a e ro e a or an ro er oo o e
Chu ch Ri t hl p u d h vy fi up t h ligi u s
r . sc o re a ea re on e re o
i ll mi
u ti i v y g wh
na g ti g t h ight t
n e er a e o, a rr o a n e r o un
m di t d f ll wship with Ch ist h v sh w

e a e e o m kd r ,
a e o n a ar e
disp si t i t g d th hist ic
o on tiv f His lif
o re a r e or n a rr a e o e
as b u t milk f b b s “
It is w ll k w t wh t or a e .
” 1
e no n o a
f tic l xc ss s u ch
a na a ttitud h l d A sh llow d
e e an a e as e . a an
un wh l s m f cy ft c mbi d with m bid tic

o e o e an ,
O en o ne or e ro
p ssi p duc d typ f s tim t d b li f t t lly

a on , ro e a e o en en an e e o a
dissimil f m t h ligi f t h N w T st m t S p cul

ar ro e re on o e e e a en . e a
ti f m
on , pp s d y t ki d d p i t f vi w h
ro an O o e e n re o n O e , as
en d v u d t s u p s d th f cts f hist y by t h id
ea o re o er e e e a o or e ea
O f a um l Ch ist
no Ch ist p i cipl which sh uld
ena r or r - r n e, o
e xp d t h an w f ith f t h Chu ch i t
e n a rro ligi f a O e r n o a re on or
hu m ity Th ci cu m st c th t t h
an . thly J sus w
e r an e a e ea r e as
t mm ll d by st icti s f sp c d tim d o ly
ra e e re r on o a e an e, a n n
M ff 1 Th eol ogi e u nd etap h y s i k , 25 .

3 80 THE P E RSON OF J E S US CH RI ST
sh ll ll c c d th t s u ch Vi w c t i s
a a on e imm s e a a e on a n an en e
p c t g f t uth T ft t h m j sty f Ch ist h

e r en a e O r . OO O en e a e O r as
been d pict d i pu ly s cul

e d u thic l f ms
e n re e ar an ne a or ,
m ore s mbli g th displ ys by whic h s v g hi f t i s

re e n e a a a e C e a n
h v s ught t v w t h xpl
a e o th t h h ly d
o o era e e e orer an e o an
re d mi g L v w
ee n f mili with i t h N w T st m t
o e e a re a ar n e e e a en .
N Oc c ptio ssu dly

on e b ight which do s t
n, a re , ca n e r e no
st t f m d v lv u d th thic l f c s th ugh
ar ro an re o e ro n e e a or e ro
which J sus v c m vil with g d B t is this t h

e o er a e e oo . u e
wh l t uth
o e r
N t it pp o s if w
, d t h u tt c s f th
a ear , e rea e eran e O e
b li vi g c sci us ss i
e e n pl i
on tu l s s Wh o ne n a a n na ra en e . en
f ith c lls J sus L d simply d wi th ut qu lific ti it

a a e or ,
an o a a on ,
c t i ly impli s t ly th t H v c m th w ld
er a n e no on a e o er a e e or
by i vi cibl g d ss but th t ll p w is His i h v

n n e oo ne a a o er n ea en
an d th H is m ip t t with th m ip t c f
ea r . e o n o en e o n o en e o
G d ; to Him b l gs bs lut
o might t c t i u d e on a o e o on n e an
c summ t t h w k b gu by His lif d th d vict y

on a e e or e n e, ea , an or .
S h t f this t h Ch isti
or O mi d is t xp ss d Wh e r an n no e re e . en
we lys this c vi cti m v m ki g xplicit its

an a e on on , or e o er, a n e
u co sci us l gic w disc v its l t t s i g t

n n o o , e o er a en r ea on n o run
i
n s m thi g f this fo m N t ly is Ch ist ll g d
o e n O r : o on r a -
oo ,
b t th
u is m d f b i g which sw s t p f ct
ere a o e O e n an er o er e
g od ss d b i gs it c mpl t ly t ff ctu l m if st
o ne an r n o e e o e e a an e a
ti
on O t
. put it th wis u ity with G d m s f
r, o o er e, n o ea n or
J sus
e l p ticip ti i th t t sc d t p w t
a rea ar a on n a ran en en o er o
m k t h g d p v il which c stitut s d ity i ( t

a e e oo re a on e e n so o
sp k) its xt l sp ct
ea e e rn a a e .
Y t th ugh t h
e i t p t ti o t f th by Ri t h l e n er re a on se or sc
m y b thus d fici t
a e t sc ipt f f ull Ch isti f ith
e en , as a ran r O r an a ,
he i sists n th much d d l ss th t
on l tie -n ee e e on a ou r re a on
ship t C h ist th ugh i m m di t is t u m di t d I

o r , o e a e, no n e a e . n
this th is i c sist cy I h v imm di t m

e re no n on en . a e e a e co
mu i wi t h my f i d ; y t ll I k ow f him ll
n on r en e a n O — a ou r
byg t lk m ti gs mutu l s vic

on e a ,
p s t i th t
ee n ,
a er e— a re re en n a
c mmu i t m k it wh t it is its p se t is m di t d
o n on o a e a : re n e a e
th ugh its p st S t t h l ti f t h Ch isti t

ro a . o oo e re a on O e r an o
Ch ist b c us p so l is di ct ;
r e a the l ss h w v er na re n on e e e ,
o e er,
THE D OCT RI N E OF TH E RE A L P RE S E NCE 381
is it d p d t t h f cts f h ist y S v
e en en on t h b sis e a O or . a e on e a
O f His c d d lif f ll wship wi t h H i m is m i gl ss

re or e e, e o ea n n e .
N thi g ls will k p t h Ch isti

o n e e ligi t u t typ ee e r a n re on r e o e .
But this is t th q iv l t f s yi g th t i this

no e e u a en o a n a n
f ll wship w must t v y p i t go u d c sci u sly

e o e a e er o n ro n on o
by t h hist ic J sus C t i ly w d t m k this

e or e . er a n e o no a e
d et by t h p st i
ou r i t c u s with f i ds R s t
e a n our n er o r e r en . e or
t m m y i
o e this d lib t d h bitu l f shi w uld
or n e era e an a a a on o
b e evid c th t g ui i tim cy did t y t xist

en e a en ne n a no as e e .
F ith i t h gl ifi d L d who is ls p s t d
a n e or e or a o re en a
m i t t dl y f ms
e vit l f ct i N w T st m t ligi
or a a a or n e e a en re on .
It is b sid s th g t v g lic l lity which R m

, e e , e re a e an e a rea o an
th l gy h p v t d i t th B dily P s c f Ch ist
eo o as er er e n o e o re en e o r
i th t
n subst ti t d l m ts f th E uch ist Th t
e ra n an a e e e en O e ar . a
d ct i w c t p us t x mi
o r ne e w
an n o It is tt mpt a e o e a ne n o . an a e
t t
o sl t i t m t i l d th f misl di g t ms
ra n a e n o a er a an ere ore ea n er
a f ct w h ich is i t s ly d bj ctiv ly pi it l N v
a n en e an o e e S r ua . e er
th l e ess i t is p sitiv d ct i ; it sw s ta o l e o r ne an er o a re a
c vi g ; d it is c t i th t it
ra n an v b displ c d er a n a ca n ne er e a e
by m g ti s I th Ch isti m i d t h xis t s
er e n e a on . n e r an n e re e an
i m p i us l gi g f ct l u i with th R d m
er o on n or a ua n on e e ee er,
f
or imm di t f ll wship with O who f giv s i d
e a e e o ne or e s n an
a ids t h st uggli g s l i its p ssi t pu suit f h li ss

e r n ou n a on a e r o o ne .
A d th
n l st g t h f t h th y f T subst ti ti
e rea r en O e e or o ra n an a on
d t h B dily P s c it h b s id t uly li s i “
an e o re en e, as een a r , e n
t h imp ssi
e f mul t itud s f m
re on oth t if th y su d e o en , a e rr en er
th i f i t h i th wful myst y f th E uch ist Ch ist

e r a n e a er o e ar , r
will s m l g ee tnoth m If H is t p s t
on er n ea r o e . e no re en
i
n sup tu l w y p th lt th y thi k th t
a er n a ra a u on e a ar, e n a
th y must l s H i m lt g th ; d th y
e o e ccust m d a o e er an e a re a o e
t sp k b ut
o ea w s vic
a o m c m m m ti
ou r o n er e as a ere o e ora on
O f bs t L d
an a If w
en t m t t h x ig ci s
or .
’ ”
1
e a re o ee e e en e
O f t h s ul i e g wh
o th xclusiv cl ims f R m
n an a e en e e e a O o e
a re f lt m th v llu i g by mi ds which histo ic

e as ore an e er a r n n r
c iticism h p tu b d it is t ugh t p cl im t h
r as er r e ,
no en o o ro a e
g t ss f l g d p t d H
rea n e o Th w ld
a on qui s - e ar e e ro . e or re re a
livi g P s i wh s p s t g c si s m y fi d st
n er on , n o e re en ra e n n er a n re .
1
Da l e, E ssa ys a nd A d d resses , 24 .
382 TH E P E RSON OF J E S US C H RI ST
It d sc c ly b dd d th t m y sp cts f th
n ee ar e e a e a an a e o e
d ct i u d
o r ne vi w must lw ys m i i sh d w
n er re e a a re a n n a o .
Th c diti s
e f t h w ld i visibl li b y d
on on o k e or n e e e on our en ,
emb ci g um us subtl d lusiv p bl ms which

ra n n e ro e an e e ro e
it is v i t t t f H w C h ist
a n o b re a p s yt O . o r ca n e a er on , e
ubiq it us ; wh His th o is situ t d ; wh t

u o ere th r ne a e a are e
na tu d q li ti s
re anf His sc d d b dy ua i g dt e O a en e o — n re ar o
such m tt s c t i typ f mi d ( lik m st child )

a er a er a n e o n e o r en
is ft cu i us But why sh uld w p t d t k w

O en r o . o e re e n o no
wh l l is u k w bl ?
ere a T such i qui i s w
n must
no a e o n r e e
an sw th t th l gi g f p s l k wl dg f Ch ist
er a e on n or er on a no e e O r
th L d is s tisfi d t by p c lyptic visi

e or a th e no a o a on or e
p th tic ff ts f mistim d l gic but f m t h G sp l st y

a e e or O e o ,
ro e o e or
f His w ds d d ds Th s c t thi ngs b l g u to

“
o or an ee . e e re e on n
th L d e G d ; b t th thi gs th t
or ou r v ldbl g
o u e n a a re r e ea e e on
u t us d t
n o child f v
an C h ist d pict d
o ou r re n or e er .
” 1
r ,
as e e
by p st lic m is p s t wi t h us still p s t t
a o o en , re en ,
re en o
s v t t h utt m st ; His p s thus q u lifi d d

a e o e er o er on , a e an
c diti d is th g t bj ct h ld f th i th G sp l ;
on on e , e rea O e e or n e o e
an d wh t is quisit f its pp h si is i
a re s s e or a re en on n no en e
a vivid hist ic l im gi ti still l ss t h t i d f culty

or a a na on , e e ra n e a
O f di l ctic but
a e si c l wly d b di t t us t
, a n ere, o , an o e en r .
1 29
Dt 29 .
r ea ss t t uth f v it bl d i diss lubl i c

er th e r O a er a e an n o e n arn a
ti on , a s c t st d with t h ph t sm l th y f Di
on ra e e an a a eor o a v rn e
Ch ist w lki g t h
r th a p t ct d but
n t h l ss
e ear as a ro ra e n on e e e
u subst ti l th ph y Thu s whil

n an a of t h fi steo an .
1
, e on e e r
discipl s still liv d p f ssi g Ch isti s w k w to

e e ,
ro e n r an ere no n
wh m it pp d i c dibl th t Ch ist h d b m
o a ea re n re e a r a e en an ,
an d wh h ld xplicitly th t His b dy w m
o e s mbl c
e a o as ere e an e .
Simil ly it w art t f s c d c tu y G sticism th t

as a en e o e on - en r no a
ou r L dhd or l sh i t h m t i l id f h u m
a n o r ea a re n e a er a S e O an
l if e It w s id th t H t k
. as di ff t guis t
a a e oo on a eren e o
di ff t l k s d t di ff t t i m s A d i l t
e ren on oo er , an a e ren e . n n a er
a g s it is comm t fi d J sus id tity with u s i

e on o n e
’
en n
m h d ith d i d i v i us w ys cu t il d d
an oo e er en e or n ar o a r a e ,
un er
th us imp ssi th t d p v c is th by
e erron eo re on a a ee er r e eren e ere
p id t His high b i g Thus p sist t t d cy is

a o er e n . a er en en en
obs v bl v i c mm sp ch t d sc ib His
er a e, e en n o on ee , o e r e
m h d i
an p s l t ms it is b dy t mpl
oo n n on - er on a er : a o , a e e,
m t l fus d with fi
e a b u sh i which dw lls th fl m of
e re, a n e e a e
d ity with u t c s u mi g it
e o on n .
It is t f c u s f u s to c su th s
no , o s o r e, or en re e e e rr or
h shly t l st i t h i m p imitiv m if st ti s
ar ,
a ea n e r ore r e an e a on .
I n tiquity th b li f p v il d wid ly th t t h b dy is
an e e e re a e e a e o
its lf vil dic lly d i cu bly ; t th s t

e e ,
ra a id an n ra no e ea or n us
o f i ms n ly but its p duci g c us M wh c i d

e re ,
ro n a e . en o a rr e
this t i i t t h C h u ch m y w ll h v f u d it h d
no on n o e r a e a e o n ar
t c cu i th ss ti th t J sus b dy w ss ti lly ’
o on r n e a er on a e o as e en a
id tic l with u s Ag i if s m qu sti d th

en a o lity
r . a n, o e e on e e re a
O f His b dy su misi g th t m
o w, d t uch d Himr n a en s a an o e as
on e m y figu i a d m th s f wh m His b dy
a re n a re a ,
2
o er ,
or o o
w as q u it l w u bl t b li v th t G d i c t
e rea ,
ere na e o e e e a o n ar n a e
p ss ss d c mpl t ly hum s ul I such c s it is

o e e a o e e an o . n a a e
d ubtl ss p t u s t y th t th y w dimly f li g
o e O en o o sa a e e re ee n
a ft t h id f Ch ist mystic l f p s l d mi g
er e ea o r a — O a er on a re ee n
1
cf . I t i s a remark of P ro es s or Burki t t s t a t
4 15
. f ’
h
t h e Gos p el s we h ave woul d n e v er h a v e b ecome t h e offi ci a l ch ar t ers of t h e
h h
Ch urc b ut f or t h e t eol ogi cal n e cess i t y of i n s i s t i n g u p on t h e t rue h um a n
n a t ure Of our Lord ( Gosp el H i stor y a n d i ts Tra n s mi s si on ,
2
h ’
f
Thi s m a y av e s prun g rom t h e n a rra t i v e of J esus wa l k i n g on t h e sea .
H I S I ND I VI D UAL M ANH OOD 385
Lif th t is which is u c fi d withi th b u ds f

e, a ,
n on ne n e o n o
sp te p ticul i dividu lity but th p v d s

ara e or ar ar n a ra er er a e
u umb d souls with its w vit lity d p w

nn e re o n a an o er .
H w v th t m y b t h Chu ch h u if mly j ct d
o e er a a e, e r as n or re e e
an outsp k D c tism ; this w m y y u s v dly i

o en o e e a sa n re e r e n
spit f t h f ct th t gum ts f
e o e u c sci usly
a a ar en O an n on o
d c tic d h v f qu tly b
o e or m pl y d i
er th l g
a e re en een e o e n e on
dbt e a e, ci t md an t th limit ti s f
en or o e rn , as o e a on o our
L d s k wl dg
or
’
th p ssibility i His c s f p i ful
no e e, or e o n a e o a n ,
a cut t mpt ti
e Ch isti s h v lw ys f lt th t to
e a on . r an a e a a e a
re g d t h J sus f t h G sp ls
ar e m th e o e o e as no ore an an
a bst ct ph t m is t t k ll m i g t f s lv ti
ra an o o a e a ea n n ou o a a on .
T th pu
O D c tist th S vi u h
e re hist y o e , e a o r as n o or
W c t i d d v sti m t t h i m p t c f th
e ann o n ee o er e a e e or a n e o e
f ct th t J us d mi g i flu c
a a es th w ld ll ’
re ee n n en e on e or — a
th t h i d c d m t c ll Him L d d S vi u
a as n u e en o a or an a o r
O w s t His hum ity t

e o c i t i dividu l d its s ci l an a on e s n a an o a
pw o d is c m pl t
er, a n ly with th c m pl t ss f His o e e on e o e en e O
m h d It is m th t H t k s His pl c i t h
an oo . as an a e a e a e n e
hist ic c t xt Of c u s th i flu c f J sus is m
or on e . o r e e n en e o e or e
th hist ic l ; it is ls wh t m y b c ll d sup
an or a a o a a e a e er
hist ic l or i sp ct tim l ss d t l But y t

a , or, n on e a e ,
e e an e ern a . e
this v y qu lity f ti m l ss ss wh by H b c m s t h
er a O e e ne ,
e re e e o e e
c t mp y f ll g s d t uch s si ful h ts i v y
on e ora r o a a e ,
an o e n ea r n e er
l d c v yi g t f ith th lif f G d is s m thi g which

an ,
on e n o a e e o o ,
o e n
on ly s cu d its f th ld i t h w ld th ugh its ctu l

e re oo o n e or ro a a
i ti
sa on l l m t i th tim s i s p f ct
as a re a e e en n e e - er e ,
a er e
ea r thly m dium f g c H d J sus e h d b fi ti o ra e . a e

’
nra n oo een c
t i us
o b idg d fully s vi g p w c uld p ss f th
or a r e , no a n o er o a or
f m Him t wi m ki d d G d w still f w y
ro o n an n , an o ere ar a a .
i iti l d tum w m y s l ct th t uth th t

As our n a a e a e e e r a
J sus
e m w ,
p ss ss d f p s l i dividu lity
as an , as o e e O e r on a n a .
H w e t ly M H w m
as no This might s m
on an , e as a an . ee
t b o b i usly impli d i th f c t s f t h G sp l
e O v o e n e a o e o e n a rra
t iv I t is
e . t t much t y th t d f th f u
no oo o sa a n o rea er O e o r
e v g lis t s c uld c c iv bly iv t y th i m

an e o on e a a rr e a an o er
p ssi th th t t h c t l Figu w v i t bly m

re on an a e e n ra re as er a a an
25
386 TH E PE RS ON OF J E S US CH R I S T
n ot m ly m i d d but J w f th fi st c tu y
er e a an , n ee ,
a e O e r en r
u l ss c t y vi w h d b put i t his mi d f m
- n e a on rar e a ee n n o n ro
ou tsid N v th l ss w k w t diti l th d xy
e . e er e e ,
as e no ,
ra on a or o o
c m to diff t fi di g Sl wly d by f i t d g s
a e a eren n n . o an a n e re e ,
it is t u ; l t O ig r e d T tulli
as it w p ly
a e as r en a n er an
1
as O en
t ught by Chu ch t ch s th t J sus w

a m
r ; v ea er a e as a an e en
th h m i
e L s E pistl t Fl vi m if t k s i usly
o o n eo
’
e o a a , a en er o ,
wit ss s cl ly ugh t
ne e i dividu l hu m ity But
ea r en o o an n a an .
a t l st by t h tim
ea f Cy il f Al x d i t h s s e f e o r O e an r a e en e O
this i dividu lity h d b c m m dim i t h E st

n a a e o e or e n e a ern
Ch u ch ; d w e t w g p h ps i g di g
r an e ar no ron , er a ,
n re ar n a
m k d d ift i t h c t y di cti
ar e r n f Ap l li e on ra r re on as on e O o n
ar is l st d si bl l g ci s Th dj ctiv a w a m
’
ea e ra
- e e a e . e a e e y ra
w xp ssly c i d by L ti f Byz tium t c v y

as e re o ne eon us O an o on e
th id f hum
e ea tu which t b i g p s l
O a an na re , no e n er on a
i d p d tly i its lf y t f u d its p s lity i t h

n e en en or n e , e o n er on a n e
Divi L g s But ne tim p ss d t h m c uti us

o o . as e a e e ore a o
disti cti s f L ti w i p t f g tt i p t
n on o e on us e re n ar or o en , n ar
j ct d ; d l t th ught i b th E st d W st
re e e an a er o n o a an e
b t y d much l s ffi ity with t h m

e ra e a m C o er a n e ore u n co
p misi g hyp t i th with th hyp t i which

ro n an os a s a an e en os a s a
h d b
a put f w d by L t i
e en Th p i t f vi w
or ar eon us .
2
e o n o e
w m y g th f m Al i w ll k w ph s ’
e a a er ro it cu n s e - no n ra e : a ccess
h m it
u i an it t m p as fi li i d i
n H c th
un a e erson a e e . en e e
u f tu t u s g still c mm i t xt b ks which
n or na e a e, o on n e - oo
,
d fi it ly p dic t s f Ch is t
e n e imp s l hu m ity
re a e o r
“
an er on a an ,
a ph s which ft
ra e usi g it D St g m k s th
on , a er n , ean ron a e e
justly s v c mm t th t it sugg sts ki d f bst ct

e er e o en a
“
e a n o a ra
id f m
ea o lyi g u t t d d d pt d by Divi
an n n en a n e ,
an a o e a ne
P s er on , d it is bvi us th t it p s t h d t
an O o a O en e oor o
sch l sticism f
o a u duly t ch ic l s t o W an n e n a or .
”
3
e a re
r ightly told th t th t ut h g i st which t h ph s is a e r a a n e ra e
d sig d t s f gu d is this th t th hum i ty f

e ne o a e ar , a e an o ou r
C A h
1
f t a n a si us , de I nc 0 43
i C h h Ch
. . . .
2
m m h d
’
B ut n at oli c t gy t h e i p erson a l i t y
eol o of ri s t s an oo is
Of wh
t e n i gn ored h m wl b ere h t e f ar u
g en t i l n ot ea r i t e g in t e d i s c us s i on o
Th h w d i wh h
. .
H is d
a t on i n i g l ob e i e n ce e re s a rea s en s e , in ot er or s, n ic
Ch H m lf f H d h
.
ri s t
d ha to a ct f or i se be ore e coul a ct f or ot ers.
3
M a n u a l of Th eol ogy ( 2n d 1 30 .
s m p siti is pp tly t k by D M b ly wh
a e o on a a ren a en r . o er ,
o
w it s If Ch ist might h v b y t H c t i ly w
r e :
“
r a e een , e e er a n as
no t ,
m a ly m gst m an His l ti t th
on ,
a on en . re a on o e
hum c is t th t H w
a n ra e th sp cim di ff i g
no a e a s an o er e en , er n ,
by b i g th f m v y
e n ano xc pt Hims lf His
er, ro e er on e e e e .
re al ti t t h c w
on t
o di ff ti ti g b u t
e ra e as n o a e ren a n a con
summ ti g l ti a H w
n t g
re a ic lly but i
on . e as no en er a , n
e lusiv ly m e A d his st t m t cl s s
,
an .
”
th sm n a e en o e on e a e
no e t D D
as B s by ffi mi g th t th l ti f
r . u o e a r n a e re a on o
J s u s Ch ist t m ki d is
e r Spi itu l p p ty
o an n
“
a r a ro er , so
s v ig
o e re t sc d t th t it c uld ly b p p ty
n , so ra n en en , a o on e a ro er
o f aHum ity which w an t m ly th Hum ity f as no er e e an o a
fi it c tu but th Hum i y f t h i fi it G d
n e r ea r e, e an t o e n n e o .
”
1
Th i st c s su ffici tly p v t h d p c victi with

es e n an e en ro e e ee on on
which th id h b e t f th quit ea c tly Th as een se or e re en . e
gist f th c c pti m y p h ps b put b i fly s m wh t

o e on e on a er a e r e o e a
as f ll ws B c us Ch ist m is f u iv s l d
o o : e a e r as an o n er a an
g ic sig ific c f m ki d it is t p ssibl th t H

or a n n an e or an n ,
no o e a e
sh uld b i dividu l
o e n a .
If how v w t k th p bl m i t th light f
, e er, e a e e ro e n o e o
t h G sp l st y it is di ffi cult t
e o e v id st ti g wh t s ms
or , o a o a n a ee
t uth i t ms p cis ly t h v s f this B c us

r n er re e e re er e o : e a e
Ch ist is u iv s l d c t l H is l
r n er a i dividu l an e n ra , e a so an n a .
It is His d fi ti i sh t t b th c t l i dividu l
i eren a, n or , o e e en ra n a .
L t it b
e t d h w v th t t g d Ch ist
e no e ,
o e er , a o re ar r as an
i dividu l is i
n s s quiv l t t t h p siti th t
a n no en e e a en o e o on a
H is e ly f th s s f m
“
on p culi ly f v u d
on e o e on O en e ar a o re
d m st highly dow d T ft t h gum t is ”

an o en e . OO O en e ar en
viti t d by this ssumpti

a e Th w it s I h v a m d on . e r er a e na e
c st tly suppos th t w must ch s b tw s yi g

on an e a e oo e e een a n
th t Ch ist w
a t r m but hu m ity i clusiv d
as no a an , an n e, a n
dismissi g Him nbut m g d m simpl

as on e or e oo an , a e
m mb f th c to wh m w
e er o l t d x ctly
e ra e, o e a re re a e e a as
on e u it is t his ighb u Th l t tiv is qui t

n o ne o r . e a e rn a e e
u l To c ll Ch ist
n re a . i dividu l is but th w y
a r an n a an o er a
o f putti g t h f ct th t H
n b disti guish d cl
e a ly a e ca n e n e ea r
as m f m ( y) P t
an ro Th m s A d t h sp ci l
sa e er or o a . n e e a
1
A ton emen t a nd P er son a l i ty , 8 6 , 8 9 .
H I S I ND I VI D U AL M A NH OOD 389
phil s phy f His u iqu ss which d i s th t H w

o o o n en e en e a e as
a m is su ly t w with t his f ct
an re a ar a .
Th t ut h is t h t th sch l stic c c pti f t h

e r a e o a on e on O e
u iv s l h m i t
n er a its lf l d c c t
u an lo g as as e rea an on re e n o n er
s tisfi s th mi d I th d m i f lity th is
a e e n . n e o a n o rea ere no
suc h thi g xisti g i d p d tly h m i t

n e nm n e en en as
‘
u an a s, or an
i
n g l T y l v s t h v lidity f k wl dg
en era . o sa so ea e e a o no e e
u t uch d si c
n o e ,
thi k f n m t lly
e no on e can n o or en a
re p s t re en m i g al N “
p s t
an n en era . o on e ca n re re e n a
m an wh ls i th tu c mm t l l m mb s f t h
o a o s e na re o on o a e er o e
cl ss m
a Of c u s it is t u th t p ticul
an . xist c s o r e r e a ar ar e en e
d i f ct sh
o n a c mm c h ct Nare a is this c mm o on ara er . or o on
ch cta ra figm t f th mi d ; th it xpl i s why

er a en o e n ra er e a n
di ff t i dividu ls v th ugh di ff t h v th s m
e ren n a , e en o ere n , a e e a e
na m It i dic t s th c mm p ss ssi by such

e . n a e e o on o e on
i dividu ls f c t i tt ibut s qu li t i s This h w v

n a o er a n a r e or a e .
,
o e er,
W hil l ss t uly
e no sp ct fu c t i f lity th
e r an a e or n on o r ea an
t h co c t i st
e c s i which it is x mplifi d is p
n re e n an e n e e e ,
er se
a pu bs t cti which h
re a t
ra d c t h v xist c
on , as n o an an n o a e e en e
i d p d tly
n e en by its lf Th
en l hum u iv s
or e . e r ea an n e r e,
th en , is m d up f i dividu l m p ss ssi g c m m
a e o n a en o e n o on
p p ti s
ro er c mm ch ct
e or I a y th light
o on a ra er . n an o er
h m it
u an is pu ly igm tic l tity Appli d t
as a re en a a en . e o ou r
qu sti this m s th t whil m ki d is i t u s s

e on , ea n a e an n n a r e en e
on e, d is qu lifi d by s lid i t y whil

an ls G d h
a e o ar , e a o o as
m di t d d m pti th ugh this

e a e re e ss w t
on ro on en e ,
e a re no
th f justifi d i s yi g th t Ch ist i t his

ere ore e ss n a n a r s on en e ,
this s lid ity i c t R th it is i Vi t f such

o ar n a rn a e . a er n r ue o
on e n e ss such b ds f mutu l i v luti b tw lif d

,
on o a n o on e een e an
lif th t w b li v J sus Ch ist

e, a e l i dividu l t b
e e e e r ,
a r ea n a ,
o e
a bl t x t u iv s l s vi g pow
e o e er Th i dividu l
n er a a n er . e n a ,
in sh t is t t h c t y f t h u iv s l ; i v i d
or ,
no e on r ar o e n er a n ar e
d g h is th u iv s l i c c t f m H c
e ree e e n er a n on re e or . en e,
wi t h ut c si g to b i dividu l Ch ist m y b t h
o ea n e n a ,
r a e e
u iv s l f c l m mb f
n er a , g ic c N i
o a e er o our or a n ra e . O n con
g i
ru ty bt i s b tw
O th s t w thi gs O th
a n as e een e e o n . n e
c t y it is m tt f c mm k owl dg th t th
on ra r ,
.
a er O o on n e e a e
g t m is th m
r ea er a um us t h p i ts t which
an — e ore n ero e o n a
3 90 THE P E Rs oN OF J E S S CHRI ST U
he h a s c t ct wi t h d ff cts t h hum
on a vi m t ,
an a e ,
e a n en ron en
th em s lf p ss ss d d c c t his i di idu lity

ore e - o e e an on re e n v a .
W ly thi k f t h L d J sus C h ist t h id l

e c a n on n o e or e r as e ea
li mit f this c ju cti li k d t l l m i His Divi

o on n on , n e o a en n ne
ou t fl wi g l v o y t lw ys
n m st f His s
o e, lf c di t i d
e a a a er o e - on on e
lif A Bish p D A y h xp ss d it Th p s li t y
e . s o
’
rc as e re e : e er on a
of L d is th m st disti ct d c c t f which
our or e o n an on r e e o
we h v y k
a wl dg
e an T c fus t h b u
no d i s e e o on e e o n ar e
w
.
hich gi th E g its disti t ss f th s k f

ve e o nc ne , or e a e O
m ki g a bst ct d ct i
n an pp m i t lligibl is
a ra o r ne a ea r ore n e e,
su ly d g us
re a O L d w v y m
an e ro e rror . ur or as er an ,
an d His E g h d ll t h s lf p ss ssi o d s lf a a e e - o e on an e
c sci us ss which giv t v y hum so u l its p s l

on o ne e o e er an er on a
disti ct ss n ne .
” 1
I s h uld th f i cli to y th t wh t m i ly
o ere or e n ne sa a a a n
i vit s c iticism i D D B s s bl st t m t is his

n e r n r . u o e
’
a e a e en
Vi w f t h i di idu l Th t c t b d fi d simply
e o e n v a . a an n o e e ne
as t h opp sit e f t h u iv s l W m y cc pt with ut

o e o e n er a .
2
e a a e o
s v his m k th t it is G d i it which m k s th t
re er e re ar a
“
o n a e a
p ticul h u m ity f L d His h li ss His ight us

ar ar an o our or , o ne ,
r eo
ne ss His li f v lid d v il bl f ll m ly p i ti g
, e, a an a a a e or a ,
”
er e o n n
ou t th t by th u s u si g t h w ds
a th t p t icul hu m ity n e or a ar ar an
of L d h g ts ll w k Aft l l it pp s
ou r or e ra n a e as . er a ,
a ea r
Ch ist s h u m ity i p ticul

r
’
th b tt w d i
an s ar ar or— e e er or —
n
di idu l ; y t it is ls u iv s l O t h f cts th t h
v a e a o n er a . n e a , en , e re
is disput ; wh t l ds t div g c f pi i is
no e a ea o er e n e O o n on an
ol d but utw p h il p hi c c pti f t h u iv s l

o orn OSO c on e on o e n er a .
If w t t
e a re t ust i tuitiv p c pti th t t h
no o r ou r n e er e on a e
Ch ist w r d f i t h G sp ls is i dividu l m it
e r ea o n e o e an n a an ,
is h d t y wh t p c pti c uld b t ust d A w

ar o sa a er e on o e r e .
3
s e
f ll w His lif w b c m i fi it ly m su f His

o o e, e e o e n n e ore re o
hum i dividu lity th w

an n v b f t h f llibla an e ca n e er e o e a e
h u m l gic which d i s it
an o en e .
1 “
H a s t i n gs D CG i i a rt
’
Trin i t y . . . .
2
C f A D Li n d s a y , P h i l osop h y of B ergson , 1 8 9
. . . .
3
Dr Ma son p oi n t s ou t t h a t m ore t h a n on ce i n t h e N ew Test a m en t Chr i st
.
is c a l l e d n ot d v ep wn os m erel , b ut d v rj , a n d t h a t d urj carri es t h e sen s e of

y p p
d i s t i n ct i n d i v i d ua l i ty ( Con d i t i on s
’
f
o ou r L ord s L if e on E a rth , 4 6
p iv t f i dships w c i g f t h multitud w
r a e r en ,
no as ar n or e e, n o
as th S lit y ; y t lw ys
e o d i v y c s Hims lf
ar e a a an n e er a e e .
Thus ,
S d as h xp ss d it i th tu f
v on !
o en as e re e ,
“
n e na re o
J sus th w
e l ck f c t sts But th y
ere as no a o on ra . e are
a lw ys s lv d i t h w d ful c mpl t ss d
a re o e n e on er o e en e an
h m y f His b i g Th pp sit s
ar on o lw ys i e n . e o o e a re a a n
e quilib iu m Th f His p s lity m y id d i t

r . e re ore er on a , an -S e as
is is t c mplic t d I th l st s t th y
,
no o t a e . n e a r e or e a re no
i d d
n ee m y i d p d t qu li t i s ; but st ictly
so an n e en en a e ,
r
sp ki g u d t h cti
ea n ,
f His hu m
n ertu d e a on o an na re an
its su u d i gs th yrr o just n m y p ism tic ys

n , e a re so an r a ra
in th di m d f His s ul
e a N w this i c m p
on bl o o .
” 1
o n o ara e
div sity f i t sts qu liti s ll fus d b di tly i

er o n e re or a e ,
a e o e en n
a ch ct si gl d disti ct lik fl v u
a ra er n f g e an n , e a a o r or a ra
ra n c is p t f wh t w m by t h u iv s lity f
e, ar o a e ea n e n er a o
J sus m h d Th t u tt ibut s f hum ity m t

e
’
an oo . e r e a r e o an ee
i
n Him y t th y m t i ,
i dividu l lif which thus
e e ee n an n a e
r ea ch s t t v y m mb f t h c
e ou o d f ms its e er e er o e ra e, an or
p p c t
ro er d llyi g p i t I Vi tu f this thic l
e n re a n ra n - o n . n r e o e a
un iv s lity J sus is m
er a l su , d et m f or e r ea , re , a n n ea r o en o
e v y tim th f i d t f i d C h isti m issi s

er e an r en o r en . r an on a re
th p f Th ugh t withi
e roo . p cific c d g o se n a S e ra e an a e,
H is e th l ss i t h pl itud f His m h d t h
n on e e e n e en e o an oo e
M f v y g t h E ld
an o e B th f us ll
er a e, e er ro er o a .
This b c m s still cl wh w su v y t h lif

e o e ea rer en e r e e e
w k H
or cc m plish d H e ls is s
a o p f ct e . er e a o een a er e
h m y f th i dividu l d t h u iv s l F
ar on o e n a an e n er a . or on
th e h d t h v c ti giv Him by t h F th is
on e an , e o a on en e a er
sh ply limit d d d fi d Th ligi us lif is i

ar e an e ne . e re o e h
cumb t ll m
en ; but wh t w c
on t f il t t is
a en a e an n o a o no e
th t f J sus it b c m
a or st ictly xclusiv d ll
e e a e a r e e an a
a bs bi g t sk This h cc si lly b slu d v

or n a . as o a on a e en rre o er
i
n v gu u l gi s t th ff ct th t H w c mpl t
a e e o e o e e e a e as o e e,
id l m
ea d u d c v f this g
an , a n l d sc ipti H n er o er o en era e r on e
is p s t d i p ss ssi f l l t h hum t l ts
re r e en e as n o e on o a e an a en .
A phil s ph s ys
S a w it H w uld h v
o o er ,
”
a on e r e r, e o a e s ur
p ss d S c t s
a e t h v clips d D m sth s
o ra e , a s a n ora or a e e e e o en e .
( q u ot ed by San d ay )
1
D i e wi ch ti gsten F r a gen i m L eben J esu , 8 8 .
H I S M A NH OOD U NI V E RSA L 393
If this m s th t i phil s phy J sus gif t s w sup i

ea n a n o o e
’
e re e r or
t th s
o f S c t s i
o e o t y t th s f D m sth s
o ra e ,
n ora or o o e o e o en e
for c sist cy w
on b u d t dd i m th m tics t
en e a re o n o a , n a e a o
N wt e i p i t i g t V l squ z th st t m t f
on , n a n n o e a e —
e a e en , so ar
as e vid c is c c d must b p ll d b s l ss I
en e on e rn e , e re e e as a e e . n
th fi lds f sci c
e e t J sus w o t sup m f
en e or ar e as no re e, or
th G d h ch s t c st m ki d up th i w
ere o as o en o a an n on e r o n
e x ti s ; d it is su ly cl th t by g gi g i y
er on an re ea r a , en a n n an
o f th s sp ci lis d li s f s vic H w uld h v f

e e e a e ne o er e, e o a e or
f i t d jus t
e e much u iv s lity F so ligi c c d n er a . or re on , on ern e
as it is with m s l ti t G d is t h most m if ld an
’
re a on o o , e an o
an d c mp h siv of l l i t
o re sts i c t st t whic h
en e a n e re , n on ra o
o th s er p vi ci l ; it w
a re t p ssibl
ro th f th tn a as no o e e re ore a
J sus sh uld c fi Hi m s lf wi thi m sp ci l b u ds

e o on ne e n ore e a o n
e xc pt t th c st f b c m i g
e a f e cl ss d thus
o o e o n on e o a a , an
f ili g i c t li ty His lif w k w u iqu

a n n en r a t i . e- or as n e, no n
th s e s f bi g
en e o wly g ss d i si gl sph
e n n a rro en ro e n a n e ere,
lik th t f t h m ch t t h p litici
e a o th
e divi ; er an ,
e o an , or e ne
but i t h s s th t it b
n e t h t which is d p st i
en e a ore on a ee e n
a ll m N enm lt . d m lt m w t h sig
on tu f His u a se u u as e na re o
c ; t put m
a ree r i t His l i f p g m m w uld i f ct
o or e n o e - ro ra e o n a
h v b to put i fi i t ly l ss A H l b u d s l ly
a e ee n n n e e . s e a o re o e
wi t hi t h h us f Is l i d th by t l y th
n e o e o rae , n or er ere o a e
c st
orn er - f th Ch ch u iv s l d c th lic
on e o e ur n er a an a o , so,
with qu l s H c fi d His lif w k t t h t sk

e a rea on , e on ne e— or o e a
f M di t ship th t H might fulfil G d s pu p s f

’
o e a or a e o r o e or
a ll m ki d an n .
1
Y t i this lif limit d t th c t l d t h

e n e, e o e en ra an e
a bs lut His w c sci us ss f u d

o e, o m issi n on o ne o n no o on , no
u fi ish d p g Of t h dim g ts which t tu v

n n e a e . e re re or re e en
th e b st m e th y qu sti h lf s dly t t h
en , as d e e on a - a a e en
wh th ll h b d th t migh t b d th is
e er a as een on e a e on e, ere no
t c J sus lif is u ity w v with ut s m f m

ra e . e
’
e a n , o en o ea ro
“
1
Th e l a t e T H Gree n h a s ex p res s ed
I t i s b eca use J esu s , t h i s fi n el y
f h
. .
u n d er li mi t i n g con d i t i on s , l i v ed a l i e whi c i s l i m i t ed t o n o con d i t i on s, a n d

un d er s p ec i a l ci rcums t a n c e s p rocl a i m ed a p ri n ci p l e w i c i s a p p l i ca bl e t o a ll hh
ci rcu mst a n ces , t h at Hi s l i fe an d H i s p ri n ci pl e a re ri gh y tl ca ll ed a bsol u t e
( Wor ks ,
i ii .
p . x xxi x ) .
th e b tt m E v i G ths m
t op to t he His o o . en n e e an e,
m m t y d ubt is t wh th H must b y th
o en a r o no e er e O e e
F th ; th it is
a er i m plicit qu sti
ra er t th an e on as o e
F th s will i qui y wh th t h cup w t His lips

a er
’
, an n r e er e no a
h as b pl c d th with t h full i t t th t H sh ll
ee n a e ere e n en a e a
d i k it Thus t th l st it is
r n . tic bly sp cific
a e a on a no ea e
no e t th t His mi d sts I h v fi ish d th w k

a n re :
“
a e n e e or
th t Th u g v st m t d
a o N v gu
a g
e l e o o . o a e or en era
v c ti h d b
o a on pp i t d Him a
y t ci cum
e en a o n e ,
n or e on e so r
sc ib d t f c Him ff f m ll but c t i d fi d
r e as o en e o ro a a er a n e ne
cl ss ; but th disti ct fu d m t lly u iv s l t sk f

a e n ,
n a en a n er a a o
e st blishi g th Ki gd m d c cili g m t G d
a n e n o an re on n an o o .
A w h v s s it is sup m ly i th s cti
e a e een , re e n e r e ur r e on
th t th u iv s lity f J sus is illust t d d v l d

a e n er a o e ra e an re ea e .
A t h clim x f
s e hum lif su cti is wh lly
a o a an e, re rr e on o
e xc pti l ; d H f wh m it is p dic bl is th by
e on a an e o o re a e ere
d t mi d b th u p c d t d d i imit bl T u
e er ne as o n re e en e an n a e . r e,
His vict y v d th is p ph tic f u s i Him ; y t

or o er ea ro e o o r n e
a l l His u iqu ss is still gu t d by His m di ti

n en e a ra n ee e a on
t us f t h l st t iu m ph
o o Th ugh His isi g f m t h
e a r . ro r n ro e
d d th u iv s lity f lif f pp l f d mi g
ea , e n er a o e, o a ea ,
o re ee n
p w which h d f m th fi st b l g d t Him d j
o er a ro e r e on e o e u r e,
t k d f t t h m d f b i g which sw s t its l
oo on e ac o e o e o e n an er o r ea
ch ct ara It s b v t h b u ds f sp c d tim
er . ro e a o e e o n o a e an e .
If till th t c isis it h d b a x t d ly i p ci l
r a een e er e on n S e a
i st c s th ugh w ld wid i ss ti l imp t it t

n an e ,
o or - e n e en a or , a
l st b c m v il bl d ff ctiv f t h wh l w ld
a e a e a a a e an e e e or e o e or .
I f till th H h d b h dg d i by physic l st i ts
en e a een e e n a re ra n
— dist t f m B th y wh L z us His f i d f ll
an ro e an en a ar r en e
a sl p ee th t it c uld b s id Lo d if Th u h dst
, so a o e a ,
“
r , o a
b een h h c f w d H w k ow
ere — d f lt
e n e or ar e as n n an e ,
e v ywh er d lw ys ere a nu s P s c Thus t h a a ,

a s an n een re e n e . e
J su s f hist y p ss d i t t h Ch ist f xp i c t
e o or a e n o e r o e er en e, n o
i Vi t u
n f r
y m ch g
e o i t h im gi
an t i f His f l er e an e n e a na on o o
l w s but by th bj ctiv u iv s lis ti f His p w

o er , e o e e n er a a on o o er .
This i dividu l y t u iv s l lif g i is m k d

n a e n er a e, a a n, ar e
i n th f ull st s s by li ty d i t g ity It is
e e en e rea an n e r . no
396 TH E P E RSON O F J E S US C H RI ST
e m ti l i t ll ctu l ligio u s E v ywh th i t g ity

o on a ,
n e e a ,
re . er ere e n e r
f J sus lif m is cl His b dy w fl sh d

’
o e e as an ear . o as e an
bl d lik u s Its c p city of p i f p iv ti

oo e o r . f a a a n, o r a on , o
f tigu ; its t s d g y d c i s ; its h i ki g f m

a e ea r an a on an r e S r n n ro
th h u e f d th ; its s sitiv
o r o ss t th c t ct f th
ea en en e o e on a o o er
m ; its susc ptibility t t h

en i flu c f tu f lt i
e o e n en e o na r e, e n
t h th ill f gl d ss b g tt by th su light d th
e r o a ne e o en e n an e
fl w o ll this is
ers — uth tic lly h u m
a Alw ys t h a en a an . a e
b dy f J sus th ugh its i t l d m bil l ti s t t h

o o e ,
ro V a . an o e re a on o e
w ld s v d d u ish d t h g wth f His s lf

or , er e an no r e e ro o e —con
i
sc ousn ess His m l xp i c t w hu m
. Duty ora e er en e oo as an .
w asto Him v st s l m f ct p s ti g its lf u if mly

a a ,
o e n a ,
re en n e n or
th F th s will d w disc th t
’
as e a w er
’
as e r ea on e ca n ern a
e v f this S
en or th w ssig d pi c by pi c “
on e re as a ne a e e- - e e
disc v y f t h ight w y g du l cc pt c f m
o er o e r a , a ra a a e an e o u
f s ore e en sp sibili t i s discl s d by th p g ss i lif

re on e o e e ro re o e .
H must ch s
e t His w p th d l p His pu p s
oo e ou o n a , e ve o r o e,
d justic t His w
o e tu His co w i o n na re . a r eer as no rr e
sp sibl dv tu
on e E ch st p h d m
a l v lu
en d
re . a e a ora a e, an
c ll d f i sight c u g fid lity p ti c O c m
a e or n ,
o ra e, e ,
a en e . n e ore ,
His moti l lif v ls t h shifti g pl y f j y d

e on a e re ea e n a o o an
pi a n d w d an Th st y of His s ul is
on su f c
er . e or o no r a e
u if mly bl k d gul but v i d l dsc p

n or an an re a r, a ar e an a e, a
c u t y with
o n r tm sph Th light d sh d f
an a o ere . e an a e o
f li g m v c ss i t l v
ee n o e g g i f c mp ssi ;
a ro — o e, an er, r e , o a on
t o ll H a is hum ly s sitiv
e t st yi g c ldly an en e, no a n o on
th utm st i m f th c p ci ty of m t i but t i g
e o o r o e a a e o on en er n
it with tu l imm di cy ; y t v s ki g j y
a na ra e a e ne er ee n o or
s w f its w s k ly p mitti g it t v m st
orro or o n a e on or er n o o er a er
th f cus f c sci us ss H w H is lt g th
e o o on o ne . o e a o e er on e
with His b th i th t pi ci g qu sti re renC uld y n a er n e on , o e
t w tch with M hu ? i th t s t L z us ” ’
no a e on e o r or n e ea r a a ar
g v p c d d by th t st g b i f gust f i dig t i
ra e re e e a ra n e r e
“
o
“
n na on ,
i
n which it w uld s m His spi it v lt d g i st
,
as o ee ,
r re o e a a n
t h mis i s f t h w ld
e er e d th b k h ts f t h s
o e or an e ro en ea r o o e
th t l v d Him Th t dyi g c f His m t h ; th t

a o e .
1
a n a re or o er a
p culi ff cti f
e ar a discipl ; t h t l k c st
e on th or on e e a oo a on e
1
J n 1133 .
H I S I NTE L L E CT U AL E X P E RI E NCE 397
y u g ul
o n r t h f ll w wh
er, or on m m t li h d e o o er o a o en ear er a
f sw Him such t i t s f tu pp with simpl

or orn : ra o na re a ea r e
an d Vivid p w d th y c m o t xt i
er , d an e o e no as e e r or an
o ffici l vid c s f hu m ity which ds t t st ti

a e en e o a an n ee a e a on
b t u t h sp
as t us utfl w f hum lif th t
e on a n e o o o o a an e a ca n
b thi g b t its lf
e no n u e .
Tim w wh d b t g th d k ly u d th
e as en e a e a e re een ro n e
i t ll ctu l xp i c f J sus It w f lt t b
n e e a e er e n e o e . as e o e
p il us d
er o luti y t h ld th t th
an r ev o m l on a r o o a e n or a
lim it ti s f k wl dg i His g d c u t y m st
a on o no e e n a e an o n r u
i s m t u s s b p dic t d f Hi m s lf
n o e r e en e Th di ffi e re a e o e . e
culty w d das th renl ss cut by t h f ct t h t

er e n on e e e a e e a a
t h G sp ls quit pl i ly sc ib
e o e t J sus c t i
e g a n a r e o e a er a n ra n e
o f sup m l disc m t b th f hum th ught d

er n or a e rn en o o an o an
o f futu v t s S t ill p t tu l k wl dg such

re e en .
,
r e er n a ra no e e, as
m y b m
a e l ss p ll l d f m th lif f Is i h
or e or e a ra e e ro e e o a a ,
J mi h
ere aS t P ul c ,
ort b g d d t h qui . a ,
an n o e re ar e as e e
v l t f m isci c ; d m isci c is ft ll th
a en o o n en e an o n en e , a er a , e
on ly p ssibl l t tiv t
o k wl dg qu lifi d by
e a e rn a e o a no e e a e
limi t ti a Th qu sti
on . b d cid d s l ly by l y lty
e e on ca n e e e o e o a
t f cts ;
o a d th s it is ant t much t y e e,
p mp no oo o sa , a re ere
t y N t ly is it l t d th t J sus sk d qu sti s
or . o on re a e a e a e e on
to e licit i f m ti g di g t h si t f L z s t mb
n or a on — re ar n e e o a a ru
’
o ,
for e x mpl a th um b f th l v s t h m f
e, or e n er O e oa e , or e na e o
th d m
e etdGd en e but t p i t th is cl
a ar e n e— a on e o n er e a ea r
a ck wl dgm t f ig
no e c enOf th t d y o th t n ora n e .
“
a a or a
h u H s id sp cti g th P usi k w th
o r,
”
e a ,
re e n e ar o a, no e no
m an , t v th
no g ls i h v
e en ith t h S e an e n ea en , ne er e on ,
but th F th e If H c uld thus b ig

a er .
”
t f d t il
1
e o e n ora n o a e a
c ct d i s m m su with His d mptiv w k

on n e e n o e ea re re e e or ,
th ec clusi is u v id bl th t i s cul ff i s His

on on na o a e a n e ar a a r
k wl dg w but th k wl dg f His tim I t

no e e as e no e e o e .
w as p ssibl f Him t f l su p is Th subj ct is

o e or o ee r r e . e e
on e , hwv o which c t v sy is v
e er, on w C on ro e r o er no . on
s er vati w it s f ly dmit t h bvi us ig ific c f

ve r er ree a e O o s n an e o
th e t d f cts Th t
n a rra e L d s k wl dg D
a . a ou r or
’
no e e,
”
r .
Dyk s h s id d c d f m i f t il ig
e as a ,
“
c da va n e ro n an e n ora n e, an
1
Mk 13 32
.
a dv c d an th t f th m d s by th di y
e as a o o er en oe e or n ar
m t h ds by whi h m
e o g i i f m ti ; th t wh t H c en a n n or a on a a e
thus c m t k w c uld t b t ll ti m s qu lly

a e o no o no e a a e e a
p s t t His mi d d w wh lly bs t f m His

re e n o n an as o a en ro
mi d i t h u c sci us i t v ls f slu mb ; this

n n e n on o n er a o er —
simply f ll ws f m His p ss ssi f hum mi d t

o o ro o e on o a an n a
a ll .It is hu m t k w i p t t t i much i an o no n ar , o re a n n
m m y which is t p s t t th ught d t ch
e or no re e n o o ,
an a ea
m m t f c sci us ss t
o en o tt d ly t v y limit d
on o ne o a en on o a er e
sum f imp ssi s d id s

o I re c t w k D on an - ea .
”
1
n a re e n or , r .
S d y h
an d v t d t t h s m t pic f w p g s f th
a as e o e o e a e o a e a e o e
high st v l e W m y v tu
a ue h w it s t pictu e a en re ,
”
e r e ,
“
o re
t o u s lv s th w ki g f
o r e eL d s c sci us ss ie or n o ou r or
'
on o ne n
s m such w y this His lif

o e ath p s t d l l as . e on ear re e n e a
th eutw d ppo c f t h lif f y h

ar a ea ra n e O e e o an ot er con
t m p y G lil
e orar His b dily g ism disch g d t h
a ea n . o or an ar e e
s m d i y fu cti s d mi ist d t t h lif f

a e or na r n on an n e re o e e O
th s ul i th s m di y w ys H h d t h s m
e o n e a e or n ar a . e a e a e
s s ti s f pl su
en a on d p i f dist ss
O d s f ea re an a n, O re an ea e , o
c vi g d s tisf cti
ra n an Imp ssi s c iv d th ugh
a a on . re on re e e ro
th s s s d m ti s w k d by th m w
e en e an e o on a a en e e e re re
c ll ct d d st d up f
o e e by th s m w d ful
an ore or us e e a e on er
p c ss s by which y
ro e e f us b c m s t h livi g an on e o e o e e n
re ec p t cl f p s l xp i c s His mi d pl y d
a e o e r on a e e r en e . n a e
o v ll th s ccumul t d m m i s sif t i g dig sti g

er a e e a a e e or e ,
n , e n ,
ana lysi g xt cti g c m bi i g d c mbi i g O t

n , e ra n ,
o n n ,
an re o n n . u
o f such c stitu t l m ts physic l ti l m l

on en e e en ,
a , ra on a ,
ora ,
an d spi itu l ch ct w f m d i Him i

r a , y ara er as or e n as n an
on e o f u s lv s t h ugh with u w t d c
o r e ed tt t i ,
o n on e ar e an a en on .
N t th t w
o d supp s th t t h ctu l p c ss f
a e n ee o e a e a a ro e o
ch ct f mi g w m s lf c sci us with Him th

a ra e r- or n as ore e - on o an
it is wi t h us Th f m i g f ch ct is th . e or n o a ra er e un
c sci us ut m t ic ff ct f p t icul d cisi s f

on o a o a e e o ar ar e on o
judgm t d cts f will C sci c disc imi t

en an a o . on en e r na es
b tw
e ight d w g ; i His c s it i v i bly
een r an r on n a e n ar a
ch s th ight d sch w d t h w g B t t f th
o e e r an e e e e ron . u ou o e
midst f l l th s m l d cisi s d cti s t f t h

o a e e ora e on an a on , ou o e
1
E xp os . Ti mes , J a n . 190 6 , 15 2—5 3 .
400 TH E P E RSON OF J ES US C H RI ST
h t is t st i G d Th is t ust b
ea r a re f c mmu i
n o . e re a r orn o o n on
with th F th which i t h e a tiv is t much h d

er n e n arra e no so ear
as v h d o c fid c
er ear d p t d imm v bl
—
a on en e so ee -s e an o a e
th t v wh i t h l st h u it c uld fi d i t h w ds
a e en en n e a o r o n n e or
o f ci t P s l m is t th t u st sy m b l d xp ssi
a n an en a e r e o an e re on
o f i w d d k ss it y t cl
n ar g p ssi t ly t t h u s
ar ne ,
e un a on a e o e n een
L d dFi d H
or an ls t h F u t h G sp l is ich st
r en . er e a o e o r o e r e
i m m i s
n It is
e m st f ithful c d f this fili l
or e . ou r o a r e or o a
dp d c
e en Th S en d e .thi g f Hims lf but
“
e on can o no n o e ,
wh t H s th th F th d i g ; H th t h th s t
a e ee e a er o n
”
e a a en
M is with M H h th
e t l ft M l t h F th
e, e a no e e a on e
“
e a er
a bidi g i M d t h His w ks
n n th s e typic l oe or
1 —
e e a re a
w ds t f m y d th ugh th m
or ou o th ugh an ,
an ro e ,
as ro a
t sp t m dium w p c iv th t t h f cus f His

ra n a re n e , e er e e a e o o
lif d c scious ss w
e an t i
on Hims lf m ly but i ne as no n e ere ,
n
His u it y with G d O ly c uld H m k th F th

n o . n so o e a e e a er
k w R v l ti if it b m th
no n . e th e a tic v b l on , e ore an a eor e er a
d cl t i must c m th ugh
e a ra on , bs lut fl cti f o e ro an a o e re e on o
t h F the c ught by d flu g t f m p f ct h u m
a er a an n ou ro a er e an
s ul i wh s d pths m e h u l d d d l v it
o ,
n o e e n S o rea an o e .
m h d f J sus th is m h d ss ti lly
Th e an oo o e ,
en , a an oo e en a
on e with s His lif is disti c t iv ly hum

o ur . e a n e an
ph m en o m vi g lw ys withi t h li s f
en on , o n a a n e ne o an
a uth tic lly hum mi d d W ll d c stituti g thus

en a an n an i an on n
a v l ti f G d i hum ity
re e a on t p t ly i oit d o n an ,
no ar n an
p tly t f it Y t it is just wh this h b

ar ou o .
”
e en as een
m d cl
a e th t w d q u t ly ea r lis t h wh lly a e a e a e rea e e o
exc pti l qu lity f this hum lif J sus m y b

e on a a o an e . e a e
d sc ib d id l
e r m l m ; but t h s just pi th t s
e as ea or n or a an e e e e
p duc
ro t t lly w g imp ssi if w d t dd
e a o a ron re on e o no a
im m di t ly th t m h d f this id l typ h xist d

e a e a an oo o ea e as e e
b t u c i hist y H is u iqu i Vi tu f His

on e n or
?
e n e n r e o
i l ss ss t h
S n e quit u sp tt d lif th t h b
ne — e on e e n o e e a as een
1
J n 5 19 8 29 1 4 10
2
A ch a ra c t er at on ce f
p er ect l y i d eal a n d com p l e t el y h u m an i s n ot i n
con cei v a bl e, as h a s b ee n m a i n t a i n ed ; b u t h ow d i fi cul t t h e con cept i on i s f
may b e s een f rom the f a ct that i t h as n ev er b een rep resen t e d wi t h s uccess in
TH E S I N LESSN E S S O F J E S US 40 1
liv d withi
e i ful c Th d p d i ff c bl
n ou r S n ra e . e ee an ne a ea e
i m p ssi m d by J sus
re on th s a u d Him c t
e e on o e a ro n a n no
b dis m iss d
e illus y It is cl th t His w
e as or . ear a o n con
i
sc ousn ess f i b d it xist d h w v f i tly m st
o s n, a e e ,
o e er a n , u
h v ff ct d His d m u ; th t His f ll w s must

a e a e e e ea n o r a o o er
h v obs v d th t k s f b d c sci c ; d th t
a e er e e o en o a a on en e an a
such t k s h d t h y b p s t must h v p f u dly

o en ,
a e ee n r e en ,
a e ro o n
m difi d th i Vi w f J s u s N
o e e r d ubts th th t
e o e . o on e o , en, a
th e discipl s p s t d J sus with ut i

e re d it is
re en e e as o s n, an
m lly i c c iv bl th t th y h uld h v h ld t this

ora n on e a e a e S o a e e o
b li f i d fi c f b tt k wl dg O c th f ct of
e e n e an e o e er no e e . n e e a
His i l ss ss h b
S n e pp h d d h w v w
ne as een a re en e , o e er , e ca n
put f w d st g t c d t g u ds f cc pti g it
or ar ron an e e en ro n or a e n .
O lyn si l ss p s
a n egu t t h Divi p d er on ca n a ra n ee e ne ar on
o f i s n If d m pti is t b chi v d th R d m
. re e on o e a e e , e e ee er
mus t st d f f m an l vil A t h s u c f Vict i u s

re e o ora e . s e o r e o or o
S pi i t u l
r gy H must Hims lf b i u t t
a en e r ss
e e e n er on en e
with t h will f G d Th p f ct m l h lth th

e o o . e er e ora ea , e
u st i d c sci c t which H is sl wly isi g th s

n a ne on en e, o e o ra n o er ,
must b p s t bs lu t ly i His w lif If H sh d

e re en a o e n o n e . e e
His bl d f t h missi f i s it is b c us H is
oo or e re on o S n , e a e e
wi t h ut sp t
o bl m ish Lik t His b th i ll
o or e . e o re r en n a
e ls H is u lik th m h
e, e Y t it is
n p dx t
e e er e . e no a ra o o
sa y th t such u lik
a ss m k s His ki ship p f ct ; f
n en e a e n er e or
i h d m d H im
s n a t m a m e but l ss Si d no or e a an , e . n e
hum is s d by its t c th p f cti

an e ,
an f His e n ra n e e er e on o
vit l symp thy w uld h v b i c v bly l st

a a o a e een rr e o era o .
Just h is p bl m A t h c d p v s
e re ou r ro e . s e r e or ro e ,
J sus u d w t p t d d cut t mpt ti ; t mpt d

e n er en re ea e an a e e a on e e ,
w f l H must h v b
e ee , if w
e ight i c u ti g a e een , e a re r n o n n on
His sy m p thy i t h st uggl Y t a th nt mpt t i s e r e . e a re e e a on
o f t h si l ss e l ? I such
n e tu wh t d
rea p n a na re , a oor ca n o en
an d l t in t h e b s llu m t ? H w e vil fi d
a e a re en o ca n e n
s c wh th is ith i h it d bi s t vil
r e on a n e er e er e ne er n er e a o e n or
w k ss d t p vi us t sg ssi ?
ea ne ue o re o ra n re on
’
i m a gi n a t i v e li t e ra t ure
Ten n y son s Art h ur an d George Eli ot ’s Da n i el
f
.
D eron d a a re t h e b es t -k n own m od e rn a i l ur es Of J es us on ly ca n i t b e sa i d , .
D as Un u l an gl iche, hi er wi r d s E r ei gn is s
'
’
z .
26
Now we must disti g ish cl ly b tw t m pt ti n u e ar e een e a on
an d i s n T mpt ti h b c m ctu l wh th l w
. e a on as e o e a a en e o er
a i m is f l t i c llisi with th high ; d if th

e as n o on e er an e
l w i m b justifi bl i its w tim d pl c

o er a e a e n o n e an a e, as an
a pp l t i b i sti ct th f lt sh ck f b th withi t h
ea o n orn n n , e e o o o n e
m l c sci us ss is t y t i N t v th st uggl
ora on o ne no e S n . o e en e r e
th t m y su is i
a a But i is p s t wh th
en e s n . s n r e en en e
d cisi f th high f ils c m s t sl wly N w

e on or e er a ,
or o e oo o . o
J sus t u b i g i t g lly hu m f m d m dium

e
’
na re, e n n e ra an , or e a e
th ugh which t h s lici t ti lik f high

ro d l we o a on a e o er an o er
en ds c m k cki g t His h t It m y w ll b th t
a e no n a e ar . a e e a
ce t i sp ci s f t m pt ti
r a n e t f ms f
e vil w m
o e a on — o or o e e na e
c l h d Vi tu lly
arn a — axist c f His mi d If it
r a no e en e or n .
w a s so, His d mi g p w v t h l v s f s su lity

re ee n o er o er e S a e o en a
is t th by limi t d ; f t th c m pl t ss f t h
no ere e or o e o e en e o e
R d m
e ee it is t ss ti l th t H sh uld u d g ch
er no e en a a e o n er o ea
i dividu l t mpt ti by which m m y b ss il d

n a e a on en a e a a e .
Wh t is ss t i l is th t H h uld b sch l d i
a e en a a e S o e oo e
”
n
t mpt ti h uld t st d
e a on , S wh t it is t p l th
o a e an see a o re e e
a pp ch f vil th ugh l wly t ust i G d But

roa o e ro a o r n o .
h w v this m y b t l st H w vul bl i ll His

o e er a e, a ea e as n era e n a
n or m l i sti cts m ti s d si s Th l gi g f
a n n ,
e o on ,
e re . e on n or
t iumph ; th i m puls t t k th h t st p th t p w ;
r e e o a e e S or e a o o er
a f f d th which is s m t hi g l m st wh lly physic l

ea r o ea o e n a o o a
a sh i ki g f m cl s c t ct wit h i th s
r n n ro tu l o e on a s n— e e na ra ,
i c t t d ci s d t h lik suppli d v y l
n n o en en en e an e e e er r ea
o pp tu iti s f b lli
or n Th y c stit t d wh t M b ly
e o re e on . e on u e a o er
h as c ll d t h xt l c p city d it w m chi y
a e
“
e e ern a a a ,
an as er e a n er ,
f or s lfish ss ; th y m t
e ne p ssu ”
th will e ea n a re re on e
a g i st which f c must b x t d i st df st sist c

a n or e e e er e n ea a re an e
an d with l p i f c flict Thus t h H ly O

a re a a n o on . e o ne
l ea rn ed b di c F t h h li ss f J s u s w
o e en e .ut or e o ne o e as n o a o
m tic c ssity f b i g It w p ss ss d ly by b i g
,
a ne e o e n . as o e e on e n
p p tu lly w
er e aw i d p d c f s lf c m m i tt l
on an e ,
n a e en en e o e - o a
which h d i d d al ti t c sci us ss f i
n ee n o re a on o a on o ne o s n, a s
wit h u s b u t which st d,
t h l ss t h f lt d f re e n on e e e on e e n ee o
an u i t upt d d iv ti f lif d p w f m t h
n n err e er a on o e an o er ro e
F th a P cis ly h w this
er . lity f t mpt d c flict
re e o re a o e e on can
l ti t G d Th m l t sc d c f J sus lif is
re a on o o . e ora ra n en en e o e
’
e
u i t lligibl s v
n n e it igi t d i ed w au ish de as or na e n, an as no r e
by Vit l d g ic c cti with th F th wh

,
a a an or an on n e on e a er , o
l is h ly with t h h li ss m if st i J s u s It is
a on e o e o ne an e n e .
v i t p k f Him si m ply di ff t f m oth s i

a n o S ea o as eren ro er n
d g ; t h di ff c is
e ree f typ e Wh w k why ere n e on e o e . en e as
H eu if m ly t iu m ph d v i wh s w f il th
n or r e o er s n, er ea e a , e
an sw w h ll
er, as must l i i th t l m t f His
e S a see , e n a e e en o
b i g i Vi tu f which H is
e n n with G d O t p t
r e o e on e o .
1
r, o u
it th wis by t h sid f y t su ff s d with th s

o er e, e e O e u e o e
qu liti s i Ch ist which w

a e s umm d t imit t d
n r e a re on e o a e an
rep duc d which v l Him t h p tt

ro e , an f fili l lif re ea as e a e rn o a e,
w disc
e y t m ugust qu lity i im i t bl s lit y
ern a e ore a a — n a e, o ar ,
sup m It is
re w e d l
. ly typ f spi itu l a ne an on e e o r a con
i u sh d l ti f id tity with th F th
s c ousn e s s, a n n are re a on o en e a er .
Divi ity is h th s u c d b sis f p f ct m h d

n ere e o r e an a o er e an oo .
b i g f l l this
An d t h e p s l ligi ?
ea r n o a on e r on a re on
H asf ith vit l s t k i t h c m pl t y t wh lly

a a a a e n e o e e e o ex
ce pti l hum i t y
on a f J sus Ch ist ? O ly
an p ti l O e r n a ar a
an sw b er tt m pt d w Th t
ca n e m h d f
a e e no . e r ue an oo o
J sus is f c di l sig ific c i f w ys

e O ar na n an e n ou r a .
( )
1 It gu t s v it bl i c t i
a ra n e e If t h a er a e n a rn a on . e
m h d f Ch ist is u l t y m t st p i t
an oo o r n r ea ,
a an re o e o n ,
G d ho t quit as st p d t u ity with m

no H h e oo e o n an . e as
no t c m l wo w e soqui t h h b o s v ti
as e re re e re as een r e er a on
an d fus l ; s m p t f
re a bu d ft ll h b
o e ar o ou r r en , a er a ,
as ee n
l ft u t uch d Th u ssum d is t h u h l d I
e n o e . e na e e n ea e .
”
n
th t c sa m tt a e, f m wh t h ight Ch ist c m H
no a er ro a e r a e, e
h t
as n o ch d t but h st pp d sh t A littl
r ea e o us, as o e or .
“
e
l ss d wh t w lds w y ! But it h
e ,
an a t b or a a
”
as no ee n so .
Th c t e f t h c t h lic f ith is th t G d i Ch ist c m

e n re o e a o a a o n r a e
t h wh l w y
e f s much t h c h ild w sh s i
o e a : ora as e r en er e a r er n
fl sh d bl d H ls i lik m
e an oo p t k f th s m
,
e a o n e a n n er a r oo o e a e .
”
H d we i
re p s th t w migh t cl sp Him
n e ar n er on , a e a as a
ki sm i
n an ms d f l t h I fi it O
n our t b
ar ,
an ee e n n e ne o e ou r
o w nThis h t uch d m m st b ki g t h w ld s
. as o e en o , re a n e or
’
1
Cf i nf r a ,
. ch a
p . v rr.
P E RS ON A L RELI GI ON A ND J E S US ’
M ANH OOD 405
h d h t Th m su f J sus hu m ity is t h
ar ea r . e ea re o e an e
m su f G d s l v A it h b p t l v is t
ea re o o
’
o e . s as een u ,
“
o e no
i fu l l p ss si
n u t il it
o es fully d i pl y its lf
on n d ca n s a e an as
Ch is t p ss d f m d pth t d pth t i g
r a e ro ch mb
e o e , en e r n on e a er
a ft er th f hu m
a no xp i c
er o d submi t ti g an t e er e n e, an n a
l gth t d h i t s lf H g v p f f Divi l v t h
en o ea t e , e a e a roo o ne o e an
which thi g g t no bn c c iv d A y t hr ea e r ca n e on e e
?
n o er
r ea di g f t h G sp l such t h t f m d lib lis m

n o e o e , as a o o ern e ra ,
o fi e rs g t vi w f G d s l v but t t h g t s t w
a rea e o o
’
o e, no e rea e e
ca n im gi a Th t w ne fi d . ly i t h Lif t uly i
a e n on n e e r n
c t S t h t th
a rn a e . lity f t h m h d is c di l
O a e r ea o e an oo ar na .
Th w d y t l g p st wh p ph tic i spi ti
e re as a a ,
no on a , en ro e n ra on
w as th ught of subm gi g d ll but blit ti g t h

o as er n an a o er a n e
p ph t s c sci us ss Of h i m i t migh t b s id th
ro e
’
on o ne . e a : e
m or e a s t h l ss m eer , W h v l e e t th t this is
a an . e a e earn a
re a ll y u t hic l d th t th s li s s t f justic
ne a , an a on e e ne no or o e
ca n b d e to m l p s lity S t h
on e ora w ys f er on a . o ere a re a o
c c ivi g t h dv t f G d i hu m lif which f kly

on e n e a en o o n an e ra n
sup s d t h fi it ly p s l m ki g hum p w s
er e e e n e e r on a ,
a n an o er no
m th s lfl ss g s f D i ty But t d m
ore an e e or an o e . o re ee us
G d must
o t m ly xp ss Hims lf ; H m ust xp ss
no ere e re e e e re
Hims lf i t ms fe n xp i c whi ch is
er o w
an e e r en e ou r o n .
( )
2 It p vid s ss t i
ro l b sis f t
e m t
an e A l l en a a o a on e en .
t u Ch is t i id s i g d t t m t m y b vi w d
r e r an ea n re ar o a on e en a e e e
as a sp cts f J sus s lf id t i fi ti wi t h t h si fu l If
e o e
’
e -
en ca on e n .
th H wh l iv d d di d f m h d Hims lf b
en e o e an e or en a e een
m an o ly i s m i g i p t
n n ee xpi t i w n , or ft n ar ,
no e a on e re a er
all m d i a e m ; fn ly H
our n a t wi t h G d f
e or on e ca n ac o or
wh sp ks f m m s sid It is Ch is t b c m ’
m an o ea ro an e . as r e a e
ou r f ll w m vi g i t u m h d t h ugh b di c
e o ,
o n n a r e an oo ro O e en e,
c flic t d d th th t H t d i t
on ,
an ea ,
c diti fullya e e n ere n o our on on
d v il d i b h lf t c iv f m G d s h d t h ’
an a a e n ou r e a o re e e ro o an e
suff i g i which is xp ss d t h Divi judgm t up

er n n e re e e ne en on
i
s n . J sus m h d is t h c
e
’
st
an f oo co ci li ti e orn eron e o re n a on .
( 3 ) It s cu s t h lity f p f ct x mpl J sus

e re e r ea o a er e e a e . e
is ou r p t t i f ith d p y ; but it c t b t
a e rn n a an ra er an no e oo
cl ly u d st d t h t
ea r n er t b oo x m pl y which is
a no ac ca n e e e ar
1
Cf Ma cgregor, J esus Ch r is t th e S on
.
f God
o , 20 4 .
n ot fi st f l l dutiful Th hu m Ch ist p y d t i
r o a . e an r ra e , no n
or d th t H might fu ish m d l t His discipl s but

er a e rn a o e o e ,
b c us t H i m p y w
e a e o i w d d d d ty S ra er as an n ar n ee an u . o
p f u d d u m i g w His f i G ths m
ro o n an n ann n as ear n e e a ne
th t lik th child
a e f m H t ke fug u d G d s ren o en e oo re e n er o
’
sh d w d w h d f His v t t ust I
a o ,
an as ea r or re er en r . n ou r
t mpt ti s it is v ythi g t k w th t H ls w
e a on e er n o no a e a o as
t m pt d A d h
e e . th t i l m h d which h
n ere a s n ess an oo ,
‘
as
s m d t tim s t m v Him f m us d t m k
ee e a e o re o e ro ,
an o a e
symp thy mp ssibl v l s its lf th

a I ov d pi g e , re ea e as e n er e an S r n
o f His d mptiv p w
re It is t
e m y su mis t
e o er . no ,
on e a r e, o
th s wh th ms lv s c f ll i d u k ss lust
o e o e e e on e e n r n en n e or
th t f il m
a ra d w m i sti ctiv ly l k f id d
en an o en n n e oo or a an
h p ; it is th t th s wh lth ugh sch l d i

o e ra er o o e o, a o oo e n
f ll w f li g by t mpt ti h v k pt th i Vi tu pu
e o - ee n e a on , a e e e r r e re .
S O J sus vict y c stitut s Him t h s u c f Vict y

e
’
or on e e o r e o or
for m ; i Him if w m y put it

en n Divi g c is , e a so, ne ra e
hum is d d m d v il bl f si s Abst ct
an e ,
an a e a a a e or nn er . ra
e thic l d ligi us t u th m y p v l cki g i p w

a an re o r a ro e a n n o er
t sust i t h will ; wh
o a n s it wi s us b t h Vit l d
e erea n as o a an
vit lisi g wh mb di d i livi g f m I th S f

a n en e o e n a n or . n e on o
M an ,th W d m d fl sh p f ct ight us ss is put

e or a e e , er e r eo ne
withi t h n g f t ust d l v Th f uits f t h

e ra n e o r an o e . e r o e
S pi it but t h sp cts f J sus ch ct ’

r a re e a e o e a ra er .
( )
4 It p i t s t t l d sti y
o n It is b c us o ou r e er n a e n . e a e
J sus t h M h i f m t h g v d p ss d t
e e an as r sen ro e ra e an a e o a
t sc d t lif with G d th t w t m y t iu m ph i
ra n en en e o a e oo a r n
p sp ct v d th A St P ul h xp ss d it wi t h
ro e o er ea . s . a as e re e ,
his m st d lic t p cisi i t h

o e f a e L ds m s re on n e u se o ou r or
’
na e ,
if w b li v th t J
e di d d s g i v
e e e a esus e an ro e a a n, e en so
th m ls which l p i J sus sh ll G d b i g wi t h Hi m
e a o S ee n e a o r n .
”
F or th su ctie f J sus re hum Su ty d

rre on o e , ou r an re an
C m d is t st c s ; d
o ra e, such it h fix d
a e a e an as as e a
p i cipl v li g it d s h w t h F th s l v d
r n e, re ea n as oe o e a er
’
o e an
p w will d l with ll b li v s Thus c m t h

o er ea a e e er . on e or e e
c t l ig ific c f Ch ist s t u hu m i t y is m if st
en ra S n an e o r
’
r e an an e .
O n its i t g ity d p f c t wh l ss st f us t h
n e r an er e o en e re or e
u sp k bl c s l ti s f f it h i bl ss d imm t lity
n ea a e on o a on o a n a e e or a .
408 TH E P E RSON OF J E S US CH RI ST
p stul t St ti g f o m t h h um
o a e . d of d mpti
ar n r e a n n ee re e on ,
th th l gi m y i qui h w t h R d m s p s
e eo o an a n re o e e ee er
’
er on
must b c stit u t d i d t s tisfy this d ivi g

e on e n or er o a n ee ,
arr n
fi lly t t h c clusi th t si c ly G d
na a e ond m on a n e on o c an re ee ,
Ch ist must b G d m i wh m divi ity d h u m ity

r e a o -
an , n o n an an
a re c mbi d Cl ly how v this s v ly l gic l

o ne . ea r , e er, e ere o a
p cdro e of which th C D H m of A s lm is
ur e, e ur eus o o n e
th b st k w i st c p vid s
e e - no i d p d tly l
n n an e, ro e no n e en en r ea
gu t f t uth Lik th o t l gic l p f f G d

a ra n ee o r . e e n o o a roo o o ,
it is pi c f p u ly c c ptu l gum t ti
a e e o t i d d re on e a ar en a on , n o n ee
wi t h ut ut ility
o givi g to th ught di cti as d n ou r o re on an
e xp ct cy but i c p bl by its lf f c vi ci g m d
e an , n a a e e o on n n o ern
mi ds T fix
n . id f Ch ist by l gic v if
o our ea o r o , e en ou r
p i t f d p tu b t h i fi i t g vity of i must b
o n o e ar re e e n n e ra s n, e
d sc ib d
e r i fid lity to t h fu d m t l p i cipl th t
e a s an n e e n a en a r n e a
Ch ist l gy is lw ys xp im t l d th t t h l v t
r o o a a e er en a , an a e re e an
e xp i c is ki dl d by th t u ch f f ct Th
er en e n l e e o o a . e rea
C h ist is giv i hi s t y t co st uct d i th l b t y

r en n or ,
no n r e n e a or a or
o f c sci us ss
on o ne .
Th s c d m th d is t he xp i ti l N t t h
e on d e o e e er en a . o e n ee
o f d mpti but t h f ct f d m d s uls is th d tum

re e on e a O re ee e o e a .
T ki g li l id d w by Schl i m ch th gum t
a n a ne a o n e er a er, e ar en
m v s b ck f m th i fl c f J sus
o e a mro t th e n uen e o e on en o e
ch ct f His p s
a ra er o i flu ti l c u s Of this M er on as n en a a e . an
who d s Divi w k up oe p i g to th st g d
a ne or on u s— O en n e e ra n e
w y i t G d s c mmu i m ki g g d ss ssu d
’
a a n o o o n on , a n oo n e an a re
c w
a reer— hv p t i but t p dic t p s l
e a e no o on o re a e er on a
G dh d Th R d m is t h d m pti
o ea . eW h v e ee er as e re e on . e a e
l dy s th t
a rea m d f p c di g this is quit
e en a as a o e o ro e e n e
e ss ti l to pi itu l co c pti f Ch ist By y th

en a a S r a n e on o r . an o er
ro ut w e ch ly hist ic l i f m ti
e r ea st t u t y on or a n or a on or a or
d gm Tru f ith i J sus high

o a . tu is p so l
e a n e
’
er na re a er na
co f ssi
n e It is th sult f
on . fi di g i Him t h e re o ou r n n n e
p s c d p w f wh t d cl s its lf t b t l ss
re en e an o er o a e a re e o e no e
th G d Hims lf Ap t f m this t h is cg ”
an o e . ar ro , er e n o re o
i bl
n sa li ty i t h d ct i f His G dh d
e re a n e o r ne o o ea .
Y t w emust t t h s t ily c clud th t

e no oo a on e a an
e xp i ti l Vi w is s lf fli i t
er en a it st ds wi th
e e -s u c en as an , a
S OU RCE S OF B E LI E F 409
c g cy which qui s
o en f r c t t h t s su bj ctiv
re re n o re e e n e o e ra n - e e
sph f thi gs
er e o Aft ll t h p im l n d c tiv s u c
. er a , e r a an r ea e o r e
o f b li f co c
e i g J sus is c d d f ct H c t h
e n er n n e re or e a . en e e
qu sti of His divi ity h i

e on c t tim s b n as n re en e een
a pp ch d chi fly f m t h id of His s lf c sci us ss

roa e e ro e S e e - on o ne
as u f ld d i t h G sp ls W
n o e justifi d i ssu mi g
n e o e . e a re e n a n
th t i w ks d lif d w d J sus v it bly v l d

a n or an e an or e er a re ea e
His i m s t b i g N ss ti of His l f t i
n o e n tu is . o a er on o er n a re
t bl which is t f l ti t His c victi s b ut

en a e ou o re a on o on on a o
Hi m s lf if t th d H m i d p s lly u c sci us
e o e en e re a ne e r on a n on o
o f t sc d t
ra n ss with G d
en en ffi m ti f iton e n e o ,
ou r a r a on o
will p duc imp ssi

ro Th efi l c u t f pp l
no re on . e na o r o a ea ,
th f is J sus wit ss t Hims lf ch d d ’

ere or e, e ne o e as e oe an
a pp h d d by t h b li vi g mi d F i t h is sp s
re en e e e e n n . a a re on e
t
o His s lf p s t ti e W - blig d t c ll J sus
re en a on . e ar e o e o a e
wh t H c ll d Hi ms lf d wh t t h w lif H i spi s
a e a e e an a e ne e e n re
p ov s Him to h v b
r e a e een .
A t t h f ct t h t J sus c st i s m
s o e t ss t His
a a e on ra n en o a er
G dh d c st i s t h m lik by His s lf v l ti
o ea —
on ra n e a e e -re e a on
an d by His d mi g i flu c i th i liv s
re ee qu sti n n en e n e r e —
no e on
is lly p ssibl I b li vi g Him to b G d th

r ea o e . n e e n e o e
Ch isti c sci us ss m y b igh t w g but th t

r an on o ne a e r or ron , a
it d s ctu lly b li v this is i c t st bl I t k ws

oe a a e e e n on e a e . no
Him sup m t sc d t d ly t b d d
as re e, ra n en en , an on o e a ore .
N 0 will pl d th t c sid ti f this s t c v s

on e ea ,
a a on era on o or o er
or Vi dic t s t h c u tl ss sub t l fi m ts f ccl si stic l

n a e e o n e e re ne en o e e a a
Ch ist l gy ;
r o oth l ss h w v it p i ts wi t h
n on e e e ,
o e er , o n nu
w v i g c vic ti t wh t is p p ly t h h t d
a er n on on o a ro er e ea r an
subst c f Ch ist l gic l b li f t h t u t h th t Ch ist

an e O r o o a e e , e r a r
is G d i c t T this t h Chu ch h xp ssly

o n arna e . o e r as e re
c mmit t d i t s lf g ft g N t i d d th t f i t h is
o e e a e a er a e . o n ee a a
a lw ys fully w h w much is i v lv d i givi g Ch ist

a a a re o n o e n n r ,
e xp im t lly t h high st pl c E v u d st g
er en a , e e a e . en n er ron
p ssu m h v f qu tly ch s t ig
re re, en th a e re en o en o n ore e
i t ll ctu l c clusi s i which ligi us p ctic ught

n e e a on on n re o ra e o
s bly t t mi t M l cc p t c f Ch is t s
rea on a o er na e . ora a e an e o r
’
divi ity c m bi d with

n ,
fus l t cqui sc i i t
o ne a re a o a e e n s
e xplicit ffi m tio is u f mili ph m

a r a It m y n, no n a ar en o en on . a
be d uephil s phic l g sticism i p t

to t
o o a a no n ar , or o a
c c pti
on ef G d m on t l gic l th
o thic l which
o ore on o o a an e a
on th t cc u t is f lt t h v
a a o c g is bl
n ss e o a e n o re o n a e on en e or
id tity with t h hist ic J sus Wh t v t h c us t

en e or e . a e er e a e, a
l st it is c t i th t m y si c mi ds t d y
ea er a n a an n e re n o- a are
c sci us f p pl xity d luct c wh p s t d

on o o er e an re an e en r e en e
with c d l st t m ts th t i v y t uth G d w
re a a e en a n er r
“
o as
i
n Ch ist A symb lr . m t ph dimly sh d wi g
”
S a o or e a or a o n
th g t ss f His d mptiv p w s th y
e rea -
ne o g re e e o er e are ea er
to cc pt th s w ds But th y
a e s t gg d by t h
e e or . e a re a er e e
d ct i
o d ct i th t Ch ist is p s lly
r n e, a s a o wit hr n e, a r er on a on e
t h High st
e e .
N v th l ss if w m y
e er t st i e e v tu l ti my
, e a no re n an e en a an no
which h lds ligi us d i t ll ctu l c victi s p t f

o re o an n e e a on on a ar or
e v it is i cumb t us t u ci t th ight c clusi

e r, n en on o en n a e e r on on
which f ll ws f m J sus f lt p w i lif Wh t H

o o ro e
’
e o er n e . a e
is t us v ls wh t H is t uly i Hi m s lf ; d t h
o re ea a e r n e an e
re v l ti m y d must b put i w ds O fi di gs
e a on a an e n or . ur n n
i
n ear li p ts f t h gum t l v us ch ic Thus
er ar o e ar en ea e no o e .
,
it m y b a m mb d w w l d t th c clusi
e re e e re , e ere e o e on on
th t C h isti Th l gy m ust mb c Ch ist l gy

a r an eo o e ra e r o o as a
vit l d i t g l c stitu t ; but Ch ist l gy is ly

a an n e ra on en r o o on a
s d cc u t f h w t h M J sus h f us th
r ea on e a o n o o e an e as or e
v lu d lity f God Ch ist is p t f wh t b li v s

a e an r ea o . r ar o a e e er
m ea n by G dh d ; d this f ct which m ly
“
o ea
”
an a ,
ere as
a f ct is u qu sti d must b t k d s i usly i

a n e on e , e a n er o n ou r
d ct i l f mul ti s Ag i t h m l uth ity f

o r na or a on . a n, e or a a or o
Ch ist p s ts i t s lf i t h Ch isti c sci c s i v st d

r r e en e n e r an on en e a n e e
with bs l t sup m cy i fi it wi t h t h i fi i t d f
a o u e re a ,
as n n e e n n u e o
G d ; ls
o f ct which i sists
a o a d ct i l i t p t ti
a n on o r na n er re a on .
It m s th t t h v ic f J sus fi ds us t d pths f
ean a e o e o e n a e o ou r
b i g cc ssibl t G d o ly Ag i w h v
e n a e e i tuiti
o o n . a n, e a e an n on
O f Divi su ff i g i t h c ss I v lu t ily w
ne er n n e ro . n o n ar e a re
m d w i p s c f Ch ist s p ssi th t i t is G d
a e a ar e n re e n e o r
’
a on a o
Hims lf wh b s e i d c is
o s ow ; th t
ear ou r s n an arr e our orr a
t h judg m
e t up vil utt d t C lv y is m if st d
en on e er e a a ar an e e
th ugh suff i g v it bly Divi

ro d th t Ch ist sh
er n s er a n e, a n a r a re
th e Divi lif H t hus p u s t f si s Ag i

ne e e o r ou or n n er . a n,
TH E P E RS ON OF J ES US CH R I S T
w ksor W c t d b Him f m th high st pl c

.
” 1
e an n o e ar ro e e a e .
Th hypoth sis th t whil m

e th m H is l ss th
e a e or e an an e e an
G d h
o l st ll i t st f t h hum mi d Th t issu
,
as o a n ere or e an n . a e
w f ught t fi ish d will t b p d ; ll g

as o o a n ,
an no e reo en e a a re e
th t with t h Vict y f A ius th C h ch w uld h v su k

a e or o r e ur o a e n
i to p lyd m i ti h t h ism F ith k ws its L d

n o e on s c ea en . a no or as
Divi qu lly i v lu d f ct
ne e t high
a g lic n a e an a — no a er an e
Visit t t m s i t d
an ,
d ifi d but h ist ic
no a an a n e or e e , a or
i c t i f th o ly G d th is
n a rn a on o e n o e re .
v s ch d f t h x ct d sc iptiv t m
So f ar we h a e ea r e or e e a e r e er
a pp sit t O wh d s f us sp cific s vic d

o e o ne o oe or a e er e an
sust i s t w ds u s sp cific l ti
a n o By simpl t
ar a e re a on . e ra n
sc ipt f xp i c w p dic t f Ch ist t u d ity

r o e er en e e re a e o r r e e .
N thi g m
o high is p ssibl t hi g l w is v ci us
n or e o e, n o n o er e ra o .
But this im m di t utt c f f ith is f u d x m i e a e era n e o a o n on e a na
ti on t h m is with t h ly dmissibl i t p t ti
o ar on e e on a e n er re a on
f c t i t bl f tu s f L d s hum xp i c ’
o er a n n o a e ea re o ou r or an e er en e .
Th t u iqu m h d sks t b xpl i d i t h s s

a n e an oo a o e e a ne n e en e
th t w
a b u d to s k f its dy m ic g d d
e a re o n ee or na roun an
suffi ci t so T st d b f t h f ct f Ch ist dumb

en r ea n . o an e ore e a o r
an d u i qui i g is i m p ssibl
n n N is it ugh t p
r n o e . or e no o ro
no u c Him ly
n e xc pti to t h m l c u s
on f an e e on e n or a o r e o
thi gs v i tio
n ,
myst io s d i sc ut bl S lit y
a ar a n, a er u an n r a e o ar
wh is disp s d u cc u t bly f m
o en e c diti s This na o n a ro ou r on on .
is to st t th p bl m t s lv it
re a e e ro e ,
no o e .
I w uld si gl t th disti ct sp cts of Ch ist s

o n e ou re e n a e r
’
u iqu hum ity which

n e i t lligibl ly if c st u d
an are n e e on on r e
as b s d upa e d vit lly c diti d by His t u G d

on an a on on e r e o
h d Th s
ea . His i l ss ss His sp ci l S ship d
e e a re S n e ne , e a on ,
an
His t sc d t is lif
ra n en en r en e .
( ) J sus compl t f d m f m i is bvi usly m

’
a e e e re e o ro s n O o or e
th an m l ccid t with ut p ll l b f
a ora si c
a en o ara e e ore or n e .
I t h sup m p i t f vi w
n e th t f t h Divi pu p s
re e o n o e — a O e ne r o e
t s v m
o a His c mpl t Vict y v i is t s m
e en — o e e or o er s n no o e
thi g m ly which h pp d ; i t is s m t h i g which

n e re a en e o e n
w as b u d t h pp o F i t h c t cqui sc i t h
n o a en . a a nn o a e e n e
1
D a l e, Ch r i sti a n D octr i ne, 3 13 .
S I NLE SS N E SS I S DI V I N E 4 13
th ught th t c c iv bly t h D ivi

o a d mi g pl might
on e a e n e re ee n an
h v b f u t t d ; y t f ust ti w uld h v b b d
a e ee n r s ra e e r ra on o a e een a
J sus yi ld d t t m pt tio v
e e c O t h th h d
e o e a n e e n on e . n e o er an ,
th e lis ti f pl which is Divi is c ss ily

r ea a on o a an ne ne e ar
G d ; t G d s p s c i Ch ist cc di gly w
’
d ue t o o o o re e n e n r ,
a or n , e
must sc ib th st i l ss ss of His c
a r e It w t e a n e ne a reer . as n o
hu m ity which chi v d its w s lv ti usi g t h is

an a e e o n a a on , n
p ticul m mb f th c
ar ar g t m dium ;
e er o e ra e as a en or e re
d mpti
e wh l d i v y st g is s m thi g f
on as a o e an n e er a e o e n o
which G d p p ly is D by wh m ch d cisiv s vi g
o ro er oe r, o ea e e a n
t is d A d this m s th t ll hu g up J sus ’
ac on e . n ea n a a n on e
si l ss fulfilm t f His v c ti whil y t if th t f l fil

n e en o o a on , e e a u
m t w t issu i s lv ti it c uld v b th i
en as o e n a a on o ne er e e n
divid l u u t h is d xpl it f m but th utc m

ua na or e e o o a an , e o o e
ra th f th ught d
er o gy i which w m vi g t h
a o an en er n as o n e
v y lif of G d
er e o .
N t o ly so ; but
o study f wh t w m y c l l t h
n a o a e a a e
lif hist y f i l ss ss ll t h t m di t s it
e- or O qu lity
S n e ne — a a e a e as a a
o f dult c sci us ss sh ws it t b p ssibl ly i

a on o ne — o o e o e on n
O ne wh s i t co cti with t h tissu d fib f

o e n er nn e on e e an re o
hum lif is s m h w c diti d F wh i us

an e ,
o e o ,
on on e . or en n
th st g f i f cy p ss s i t childh d th m ks f
e a e o n an a e n o oo , e ar o
c g it l imp f cti
on en a l dy vid t Si i us er e on a re a rea e en . n n
m y b d sc ib d
a e thi g f tu
e i r tu di e as a n o na r e— O a na r e ra
c lly s ci l i t c d ts d vi m t b f it is
a o a n an e e en an en ron en —
e ore
a thi g f full c sci us v liti

n o N w th m t u dult on o o on . o e a re a
lif f Ch ist w pu f om ll t c f i which m s

e o r as re r a ra e o s n, ea n
th t i a His c s t his i iti l d g m t sick ss f

n a e n a e ra n e en or ne o
s u l w bs t wholly ; d u i g t h m t hs d y s f
o as a en r n e on an ea r o
t h s ul s w k i g th s st g ffic ci us g ms f vil
’
e o a a en n o e ron e a o er o e
w h ich u f ili gly d v l p withi us l t l f t Him

n a n e e o n a er, e un
t uch d I th w ds th w th t i H i m f m
o e . n o er or , er e as a n ro
th fi st which ff d c mpl t ly ff c t iv sis t c

e r O e re a o e e e e e re an e
t th c
o upt i flu c f vi m t bvi t d th dis
e orr n en e o en ron en , o a e e
t b
ur f His p f c t pi itu l g wth
a n ce o d s cu d t h er e S r a ro , an e re e
i
n n er f u t f subs qu t f li g d will f m ll d fi l
o n o e en ee n an ro a e e
m t H c wh th i f t Ch ist w k u p g du lly
en . en e, en e n an r o e ra a
i to cl
n thic l xp i c it w with
ea r e tu a e er en e, as a na re un
t i t d imm cul t
a n e ,
wis h dic pp d f m t h v y
a a e, no e an a e ro e er
o uts t by s ds f vil l dy g mi ti g i t h s il
e ee o e a rea er na n n e o
o f ch ct ara I ll erth s t h
. li s t sti i gs f s lf
n a o er e ea r e rr n O e
c sci us ss
on o viti t d by h dit y disp siti t
ne a re a e a er e ar o on o
g o w g
ron
; i Ch ist this p ndisp siti is xist
r t f re o on n on -e en ,
or
i
n hum ci cumst c s si l ss p s lit y c t
ou r an r an e a n e er on a an n o
b p c d d by
e re e si f l i f cy H w sh ll w cc u t
e a n u n an . o a e a o n
for this quit xc pti l lif st y ? If w f l diss tisfi d

e e e on a e- or e ee a e
with g sticism with m ly p sitiv k wl d g

a no or a e re o e ac no e
m t f th
en o xc pti l ss e e f ct if w wish t
e it
on a n e as a a , e o see
bsd i sm
a e n l i t lligibl g u d this it pp s
o e rea n e e ro n , ,
a ea r ,
ca n ly l i i J sus p ss ssi
on e f s m n i w d d e
’
o e on o o e n ar an
e ss ti l l ti ship with G d livi g ctu lity which

en a re a on o ,
a n a a
f m d th c diti i g p i f His thic l s lf d t mi

or e e on on n r us o e a e - e er na
ti on , a nd g v is t such f m tiv i m puls s s cu d

a e r e o or a e e as e re
th t H h uld p ss th ugh t h imm tu iti s f childh d

a e S o a ro e a r e o oo
with u dim i ish d d u imp d d c p city t c m

an n n e an n e e a a o ae o
p l i h His d mi g t sk N t i d d th t J sus u ity ’

s re ee n a . o n ee a e n
with G d is o tu l ph m a m i f sti g its lf by

na ra en o en on , an e n e
( it w ) pu ly m ch ic l ut m tisms
as e re re His igi l e an a a o a . or na
on e n e ss with G d s t ds h s l ly f t h p t ti lity o an ere o e or e o en a
an d b sis f i l ss m h d ; but it s t ds f
a o S n e t hi g an oo an or n o n
l ss th this Th si l ss p f c t si l ss dult lif

e an . e n e re a e o a n e a e
is i its lf sugg stiv f Vi t l d i h t id tity

n e e e o a a an n eren en
with t h Divi e It is mi cl K ahl h s id

ne .
“
a ra e, er as a ,
“
which y c t xpl i m ly by ou an no u c upt d e a n ere an n orr e
b sis f tu
a o It is i t lligibl
na rely if this Child
. n e e on
t d
e n er e thly xist c with t h c t ts f
on ea r e en e o er on en o
p s l lif gi
er on a Him f m th b gi i g th w
e ven ro e e nn n an e
a l l ; if i l l f ms n d a t v y st g f His s u l lif
or an a e er a e o o -
e
th w w ki g its lf t
e re as or u c diti lly i d
n e ou an n on on a n e
p d t Will i f G d s g c d t uth
en en ,
b c m fl sho
’
ra e an r a re e o e e
i
n Him This m s i psych l gic l t ms th t f m
.
” 1
ea n ,
n o o a er ,
a ro
o uts t t e d o d si m ti c c ptio
en no s lv e re , o on , on e n, or re o e
e xist d i th s ul f J sus which w

e n e t th
o ffi m ti
o e as n o e a r a on
an d x cuti
e e f t h will f G d dw lli g i
on o Him d e o o ,
e n n an
i f mi g His ti lif O ly
n or n limit t G d s p s
en re e . n on e o o
’
re
1
D er sogen n a n t hi stor i sch e J es us 2, 54 .
of Divi will d tu f which th t p u p s w

th e ne an na re O a r o e, n o
r ea lis d i J sus is m if st ti
e n eI c mm u ic ti g
,
a an e a on . n o n a n
to i ful m wh t th y
S n c iv f this lif givi g
en a e ca n re e e o e- n
t th J sus is t h F th s p f ct g t h m su
ru ,
e e a er
’
er e or an , e ea re
O f His p f ct ss b i g st t d i
er e th u qu lifi d d
ne e n a e n e n a e an
quit m zi g w ds N
e a a k w th th S s v
n or :
“
O on e no e e on a e
t h F th Th is th t i J sus which is so g t
”
e a er . ere a n e r ea , so
w thy f His missi so i fi it th t it is c mp h d d

or o on , n n e, a o re en e
by t h F th o ly e a er n .
It is th g d ll h ds t h t J us liv d i
en a ree on a an a es e n
a p f ct cip c l u d st di g with God ; it is g d

er e re ro a n er an n a ree ,
fu th th t cc di g to th d cum ts this S ship

r er, a a or n e o en on
sig ifi d f J sus w mi d u iqu d i c mmu ic bl

n e or e
’
o n n a n e an n o n a e
re al ti t G d d m
on o Assumi g t h t uth f J sus
o an an . n e r o e
’
i t p t ti h w f d s
n er re a on ,l ti ship c y with
o ar oe a re a on ar r
it th y f its w tu ? Is it im pl f ct t
a e or o o n na re a S e a no
a dmit t i g f d p sc uti y ; f ct t b cc pt d t
n o ee er r n a a o e a e e ,
no
e xpl i d ? Is t h S ship xh ust d i J sus m t l

a ne e on e a e n e
’
en a
e xp i c f it
er en is th t m t l xp i c its lf th
e o ,
or a en a e er en e e e
ph m en o th sympt m d m if st ti
en on , e f o an an e a on , o an un
c t d um l lity ?
r ea e no en a r ea
Th p i t is e f di fficulty
o n Thus by m y w it s
on e o . an r er
t h S ship f Ch ist is Vi tu lly d fi

e on o d t h quiv l t r r a e ne as e e a en
o f His f li g of u ity with G d ; H w

ee n S b c us n o e as on e a e
H k w God i
e ne p cific m th t f u i t upt d
n a S e an n er— a O n n e rr e
fili l c mm u i
a o Diss tisfi d with this th s h v
n on . a e , o er a e
i sist d th t b hi d t h will d th ught f J sus st d

n e a e n e an o o e oo
a Divi subst c ne tu f which will d th ught

an e or na r e, o an o
a re but tt ibut s d which is s m h w l p t f m

a r e ,
an o e o r ea a ar ro
th m This h w v is qu lly u s tisf ct y with t h

e .
,
o e er, e a n a a or e
p siti it c t v ts d i d d h
o on on r o erm i g xc pt ,
an n ee as n o e an n e e
on th ssumpti th t s u bst c
e a c t g y is high
on a an e as a a e or er
an d m d qu t th Subj ct
ore a i t llig t c sci us
e a e an e ,
or n e en on o
Will —i w g i st whic h t h hist y f phil s phy

a v e a a n e or o o o
si c K t h b
n e an l g d c vi ci g p t st I f
as ee n on e on an on n n ro e .
w e h v l t ythi g f m th m d c i t icism f
a e ea r n an n ro e o e rn r o
c t g i s it su ly is th t
a e or e ,
ctg y b high
re a no a e or ca n e er
th p s lity s lf c sci us ss F us t h t h
an er on a or e - on o ne . or ,
en , e
SONS H I P AS ET H I CAL 4 17
p p i f c is th t t h ss ti l d um l
ro er n eren e a e
‘
e en a an no en a
divi ity f Ch ist th S ught to b f mul t d i

n o r e on o e or a e n
c c pti s th th subst c
on e on o tu er d t h lik an an e or n a re an e e,
whi h lly pp s t h m t physic l sp ct f S ship

c re a O o e e e a a a e o on
t th
o thic l Th l gy h b s i usly d isc dit d
e e a . eo o as ee n er o re e
in th p st by gl ct f t h t uth th t
e a ne L ds S e o e r a our or
’
on
ship wh t v m
,
a eis thic l th gh d th ugh
er ore, e a r ou an ro ,
an d th t u l ss w a c uld fill up t h id of S ship

n e e o e ea on
with th l v t us d b di c which m k lif fili l

e o e, r t , an o e en e a e e a ,
it w uld m o thi g f ea n mi ds F m th s mi
no n or our n . ro e e s
u d st di gs h w v w
n er an n sl wly b i g f d
,
o e er, e a re o e n ree .
P h ps t h m d
er a d g is th t i
e o w f u d jy
ern an er a n ou r n e - o n o
i th
n thic l w sh uld f g t th t t h thic l is l th
e e a ,
e o or e a e e a a so e
m t physic l th t it p s ts t h k y t b i g s ch
e a a ,
a re re en e e o e n as u .
Th ulti m t
e d c t l lity f thi gs is Will N w
a e an en ra r ea o n . o
th will f Ch ist
e o S is with G d s will t
r as on on e o
’
no
p ti lly i t mitt tly by w y f m t ph ; it is

ar a , or n er en , or a o e a or
on e id tic lly N d bt w sp k l s ly f m k i g
en a . o ou e ea oo e o a n
ou r wills with G d s ; but lth ugh

on e wills m y b o
’
a o our a e
h m i us with G d s will
ar on o b di t t it (
o t
’
,
or o e en o , or so o
sp k) p ll l with it th y
ea ara e v lly with it , e a re ne er rea on e .
Y t such
e l u ity is p cis ly wh t w p dic t f
rea n re e a e re a e o
Ch ist ; th s lf c sci us ctiv p i cipl f th S s

r e e - on o a e r n e o e on
’
lif subsist d i p f ct d id tic l u i with t h

e e n er e an en a n on e
F tha This f c u s d s t c y us c m
er . o o r e oe no arr on e ore
b y d t h m l l ti s f l v d t ust ; th t w t
e on e ora re a on o o e an r a ere o
d thicis S ship l l v g i Wh t is m t is
e -e e on a o er a a n . a ea n
th t th s l ti s must b i t p t d t th i full
a e e re a on e n er re e a e r
v lua e—sig ific t f t uth p p

as n t m m t ph s
an o r ro er , n o e re e a or
— an d wh w t k th m en it pp s th t ss ti lly
e a e e s o, a ear a e en a
( which m s t i Vi
ea n tu f s m ino ff bl s ubst cn r e o o e ne a e an e,
but i th t c t l Will by which p s lity is

n a en ra er on a con
stitu t d ) Ch ist is
e with G d Th m S th
r on e o . e na e on , e re
f sig ifi s t w thi gs fi st Ch ist s t u sub di ti

ore , n e o n : r , r
’
r e or na on
t th
o F th ; s c dly His i h t d p s l u ity
e a er e on ,
n eren an er ona n
with th F th e Th Divi i tim ci s f His l ti

a er . e ne n a e o re a on
to th Et e l ly i t p t bl i t ms which
er n a a re on n er re a e n er
e xhibit Him t m ly th p f ct s i t but

no er e as e er e a n , as
2 7
4 18 TH E P E RSON OF J E S US CH RI S T
On e wh s lif is d fi itiv ly c t d withi

o e e e n e en re n the lif e
of God .
( ) 0 is Lif A Th e dditi l thi d p i t

r en e . s an a on a r o n ,
this is st ictly l tiv t t h f m t w J sus utt

r re a e o e or er o . e
’
er
i l ss ss His u iq u S ship d fi lly His x lt d

S n e ne ,
n e on ,
an na e a e
lif c stit t ch i of f cts t p p ly i t lligibl

e on u e a a n a no ro er n e e
a p t f m His p s l divi ity Th y

ar ro mutu lly er on a n . e ar e a
illumi tiv f cts Th su cti w

na e a t th o ly
. e re rr e on as no e n
e v t which v l d Ch ist s g t ss but it did v l

en re ea e r
’
r ea n e , re ea
it By it H w d cl d S of G d wi t h p w
. e as d e are on o o e r, a n
its sig ific c f th fi st wit ss s w d to t h

n an e, or e r ne e ,
as ue e
f ct th t it i d t h clim x d i t p t ti f
a a a rr v e as e a an n er re a on o
th i c mp bl lif by whic h it w p c d d J sus

e n o a ra e e as re e e . e
’
f d m f om ll i
ree o d His u p c d t d xp i c
r a S n an n re e en e e er en e
o f fili l c mmu i a h d stio d d p qu sti i gs which

n on a rre ee e on n
th e su ctio
re sw d Hith t t h discipl s h d
rre n an ere . er o e e a
p c iv d t h t sc d t qu lity f His b i g ly by
er e e e ra n en en a o e n on
f i t st i tuiti ; w t l gth l l thi gs f ll i t pl c

a n e n on no a en a n e n o a e
as His i h t ss wi t h G d w
n eren lis d Th yon en e o as r ea e . e
b h ld H im th c f w d i gl y
e e t d th t is
en e or ar n or — en er e , a ,
on c a of d m i g ffi c cy which m b c s t h
ar ee r re ee n e a e ra e e
wh l w ld d p v d s t h s c t ch mb s of th
o e or an er a e e e re a er e
s ul Th t f ith w sh ; th i gum t cc di gly

o . a a e a re e r ar en , a or n ,
w e p t ( t h ugh it m y b i th f ms) th t this

re ea o a e n o er or , a
e x lt t i t t h x cis of
a a on m ip t t d u iv s l
o e e er e an o n o en an n er a
l v i dic t s m th c tu ly b i g which ds
o e n a e a or e an r ea re e n n ee
f or its t d p cis xplic ti th c t g i s f th

r ue an re e e a on e a e or e o e
Divi Obvi usly this

ne . gum t wuld b w thl ss
o ar en o e or e
if f J sus su cti w
, or e m, th re rre on ere no ore an re
an im ti a But th on su c t i
. f J sus is lly e re rre on o e rea
di ff ti t d f m l l im gi bl p ll ls by its s qu l
e ren a e ro a a na e a ra e e e ,
by ll t which it f m d t h p ch d g t w y Th
a o or e e or an a e a . e
s v ig p w f His is lif is s m thi g i which

o e re n o er o r en e o e n n
es: h yp th i H o hv es succ ss Thus t h t s

e ca n a e no e or . e ra n
cen d t ctiviti s b i fly d sc ib d i th w d x lt
en a e r e e r e n e or
“
e a a
ti on t o ly p i t i
no th s m di cti
n J sus i
o n n e a e re on as e
’
s n
l ss ss d sp ci l S ship ; it is h m i us with th m
e ne an e a on ar on o e
th is i t i c l ti b t w t h p f ct fili l
ere an n er or or r e a on e een e er e a
4 20 TH E P E RSON OF J E S U S C H RI ST
to J sus p s with quit w sig ific c H i g
e
’
er on a e ne n an e . a er n
i cli s
n ne this g u d t b li v th t th i f qu cy
on ro n o e e e a e n re en
o f t h wo d i e th N w T st m t is d
r n lly t its
e e e a en ue r ea o
d f ct i cl ity i t li bility t misc st ucti

e e n ar , d th s a o on r on , a n e
f t l s with w hich it c uld b m d t yi ld t h p ly

a a ea e o e a e o e e o
th istic sugg sti f s co d G d P u s i g t h is li

e e on o a e n o .
”
r u n n e,
h c t ds th t
e on en v ythi g f ith l gs t y b ut
a e er n a on o sa a o
Ch ist r b s id d qu t ly d lucidly with u t m

ca n e a ,
a e a e an , o e
pl yi g t h t m G dh d g by th ph s s S f
o n e er o ea ,
”
e . . e ra e on o
G d L d
o , simply J sus Ch ist All b li v s
or , or e r . e e er ar e
u it d i th c f ssi f J sus Ch ist ; b u t u d th

n e n e on e on o e r n er e
c diti s i which w m d s liv t h ss ti f His

on on n e o ern e e a er on o
“
G dh d is c t i t divid It will p v bu d
o ea er a n o e . ro e a r en
an d p pl xity t m y wh
er e v th l ss d J s u so an o ne er e e a ore e as
th i L d d S vi u
e r or an a o r .
A s c d typic l st t m t
e on t h s m sid is th t f
a a e en on e a e e a o
F ut G ti g t h bs lut ch ct f th d mpti
a .
1
ra n n e a o e a ra er o e re e on
which J sus m di t s d i c s qu c th bs lut

e e a e an n on e en e e a o e
C h ct f t h M di t s p s b y t holds th t t h
ar a er o e e a or
’
er on , e e a e
difficulti s f p dic ti g l d ity

e o i su m u t bl
re a n r ea e ar e n r o n a e .
H i sists th t G dh d w
e n fi st sc ib d t th x lt d
a o ea as r a r e o e e a e
Lo d But if w g
r . f i l gic w must go still
e o SO a r, n o e
fu th r d tt ibut G dh d ls t J sus f N
er a n a r th e o ea a o o e O a z a re
which giv s us p us It is fi t ti g t sp k f th
e a e . un n o ea o e
hist ic Ch ist
or G d m dium f t h
r fi l v l ti
as o , e o e na re e a on
th ugh H b F it blu s t h i t p t ti
o e e . f His or r e n er re a on o
ear thly lif ; ls it c flicts g v ly with J sus m

e a o on ra e e
’
on o
th ism Th
e . thi g w d t d
e on e is t c t t n e are n o o o rea e an a
g i
on s m b tw f ith ie J sus d His
een w c d
a It n e an o n r ee .
is simply u v g lic l t dim t h cl shi i g f t h

ne an e a o e ea r n n o e
G sp l by d gm tic ss ti s which c llid with t ust

o e o a a er on o e r
i n on e on ly G d t h F th Al mighty o ,
e a er .
I ply it is t b bs v d i t h fi st pl c th t t h
n re ,
o e o er e n e r a e a e
p s c f difficulti s c t b fi l
re en e o bj cti t e an n o e na as an o e on o
a giv Vi w O y Vi w th difficulti s
en e . i mm s
n an e e e are e n e,
th e f cts full f th m E xc ssiv si mplific ti f

a are o e . e e a on o
t h d t is f t
e a a th b f sci tific i qui y ;
O en d i th e an e o en n r an n e
1
D i e Ch ri s tol ogi e s ei t Sch l ei erm ach er, 9 7 — 9 8 .
I S GOD H E AD T H E RI GH T W ORD ? 4 21
p s t i st c th d t m y b so c mpl x m y sid d
re en n an e e a a a e o e or an -
e
th t p vid d w h v m d up
a — ro e mi d t i t p t
e a e a e ou r n o n er re
th m d ct i lly
e o thi g but c mpl x i t p t ti
r na — no n a o e n er re a on
will s v It is ls qu sti bl wh th th f li g
er e . a o e on a e e er e ee n
th t G dh d is
a o fi t t i g p dic t
ea blu i g t h
an un n re a e, as rr n e
o u tli f th h um J sus m y t b d t t h bst ct

ne o e an e ,
a no e ue o e a ra
ne ss f t h c c pti
o ed t onpu ly l gic l Vi w f t h
e on , a n a oo re o a e o e
a tt ibut s it i m pli s Of c u s t h ti f d ity m y

r e e . o r e e no on o e a
b c st u d i w ys which d Ch is t s t u m h d ’
e on r e n a ren er r r e an oo
i disti ct
n nctu lly dubi us ; but th s w ys
or a a w g o e e a a re ron .
Thus c fusi g,
on l gici s y t h di t m i mp li i t
n , as o an sa , e c u s c er
wi t h th di t m e d m g id w m y
c u gu th t si c
secu n u u , e a ar e a n e
G dh d
o ea such is m isci t d m ip s t th
as o n en an o n re en , e
Divi Ch ist must h v b

ne r ; wh s t h qu sti a e een so erea e e on
ca n o ly b d cid d by t h c d d vid c f th
n e e e e r e or e e en e o e
G sp ls f m which l w
o e ,
ro l wh t G dh d a on e e ca n ea rn a o ea
sig ifi s i
n e I c t xp i c
n an O g i pl ci g
n a rn a e e er en e . r a a n, a n
th e rea lity f God t i His will d ch ct but i

o no n an a ra er n
an i sc ut bl d u thic l su bst c w m y c clud

n r a e an ne a an e, e a on e
t h t d ity c uld b p s t i Ch ist ly by b i g l id

a e o e r e en n r on e n a
l gsid f His m h d t i qu lit tiv id tity but i

a on e o an oo ,
no n a a e en n
qu tit tiv juxt p sitio ; d this ls will p v t

an a e a o n an a o re en our
s i g t h i dividu l J sus i t lligibly Divi

ee n e n It wil l
a e as n e ne .
misl d u s i M b ly s ph s i t k pi g p
ea ,
n o er
’
ra e, n o ee n o en a n on
hum sph an i th I c ti
ere It w p cis ly t h
o e n a rna on . as re e e
wish t d th divi ity f Ch ist th ugh His t u

o r ea e n o r ro r e
hum ity which i spi d t h K tic th i s f His

an n re e en o eor e o
p s e r on d wh t v anm y b th ught f c t i sp cu l tiv

a e er a e o o er a n e a e
d t ils i which th y b c m t gl d it is still

e a n e e a e en a n e , con
i bl th t t h p i cipl th y
ce va e a p s t t c ss ily
e r n e e re re en ,
no ne e ar
i
n th ld f m m y succ d i mitig ti g t h di ffi
e o er or ,
a ee n a n e
cu l ti of t h p bl m
es e ro e .
E ve if di ffi culti s
n m i still th f cts which t h m e re a n, e a e na e
G d i dic t s m y b g ic t Ch isti xp i c
”
o n a e a e s o or a n o r an e e r en e
as t f c us v g i st
o or e will t i sist u p i t
, e en a a n ou r ,
o n on s
t uth W m y m t h bl ( it w ) to g t
r . e a oh d e a e as e re e our an
ro u d thn l i ty t which it p i ts but w p c iv

e rea o o n , e er e e or
f l its p s c F ft ll Ch isti ity liv s t i

ee re en e . or a er a , r an e no n a.
v cuum but i th w ld f l m
a n It i p ch d t e or o rea en . s r ea e o
k ee n d i d p d t mi ds wh
an n k qu sti s th y wish
e en en n ,
o as e on e
t bo sw d Is it p ssibl t p cl im Ch ist i such

e an ere . o e o ro a r n
an udi ca L d f ll wh sh s t h th
en e as f G dor o a , o are e r on e o o ,
on whom f ith d l v d h p d p d t h t sc d t
a an o e an o e e en , e ra n en en
s u c f w lif t h u s P s c th t
o r e o ne ig s the, e n ee n r e en e a a rra n e
c sci c d sust i s th f i ti g h t with ut v ki g

on en e a n a n e a n n ear , o e o n
t h simpl
e i t p ll ti This Ch ist f whom y p k
e n er e a on : r o ou S ea ,
is H is H t
e, or with t h U ltim t R lity wh m
e no , on e e a e ea o
w e m G d ? If Ch isti ity is
na e o ligi t r an a re on , n o a c on
t ib ti
r t
u m l phil s phy wh d w pl c Him i
on o ora o o ,
ere o e a e n
th sph of thi gs
e e re G d s sid m ly usn , on o
’
e, or er e on o r ?
Wh c th s qu sti s is th y c t l g b
en on e e e e on r e, e an n o on e
e av d d; e w ll i t ti d c spi cy f il c
no e - n en on e on ra o S en e, no
c mbi ti
o f ult
na c uti us p p siti s will v il t
on O ra - a o ro o on ,
a a o
supp ss t h i t g t wh s Ch ist l gy i
re e lity is
n e rro a or o e r o o n rea
p t f his pi itu l lif H d t h Chu ch p ss d by t h

ar o S r a e . a e r a e e
q u sti i t h c ds th u tsid w uld h v is d i t

e on n e ree , e o er o a e ra e .
W h v s e a th t w it s lik H i g
e een th ms lv sa r er e aer n a re e e e
cl th t to sp k f Ch ist s G dh d is justifi bl if
ea r a ea o r
’ “
o ea a e
w th e by m simply t xp ss uth t ic lly ligi us

e re ean oe re an a en a re o
f ith ; d c t i ly w m
a an m It is ly
er a n e ea n no ore . on as a
b i f st t m t f th G sp l th t t h t m h
r e a e en oy v lu e o e a e er as a n a e .
But wh t is h c t d d is th t t h G sp l c t b
a ere on en e a e o e an n o e
e xp ss d c mpl t ly p t f m this w d b c us t h
re e o e e a ar ro or , e a e e
w d Gd h
or
“
sy yms W h t t h b li v wish s
o as n o n on . a e e e er e
t ss t is t th t Ch ist is m if stly sup hum

o a er no ad r an e er an a n
so f p ti lly Divi but th t His will th p s l

ar ar a n e, a ,
e er on a
e n er gy w h ich mov d i Him is id tic lly t h will f G d e n ,

en a e o o .
N w th t i
o th l st s t
a ,
n ly b ffi m d i e a r e or ,
ca n on e a r e n on e
w y a I . t h w k Ch ist d s up
“
n u s w it s H
e or r oe on ,
”
r e e rr
m w g t
an n , Vi w of His P s which
e e a o ly b e er on ca n n e
r ightly i dic t d i th c f ssi f His D ity

n a e Givn e on e on o e .
” 1
e
f ith its w w y t cu bi g tut i g s phistic ti g

a o n a ,
no r n or or n or o a n
it d this is th p dic t f which it sks

, an e re a e or a .
If it b s id th t d ity th ugh p ssibly impli d i th

e a a e , o o e n e
b li vi g Vi w f Ch ist is t ll v ts t c ss ily
e e n e o r ,
a a e en no ne e ar
1
Comm u n i on wi th God , 1 4 2 .
4 24 TH E P E RSON or J ESUS CH RI ST
wi thi n His w tiv sph f t sc d c R l

o n na e e re o ra n en en e . ea
g i s th w which cc u d f m His thic lly

a n ere e re a r e ro e a
c diti d t iumph
on on e w u iv s l pl c i t h f ith
r —
a ne ,
n er a a e n e a
d d
an ti f m ki d ; b u t th qu lity f b i g wh ich
a ora on o an n e a o e n
m d this pl c b fitti g d which mp w d Him f

a e a e e n , an e o er e or
its fu cti s v ls its lf

n on c ti of tim but
,
re ea e as no r ea on e an
t l f ct Fu th
e ern a th
a hyp th sis cc di g t
. r er, on e o e a or n o
which t h G dh d f Ch ist p s ts e o xt us ea o r re re en an e r an e o
cquisiti w su d th v st N w T st m t
a on , e rr en er e a e e a en c on
i ti
v c
( implyi
on g w th ught f G d ) th t t h
n fi st a ne o o o a e r
st p i t t h h m sph t k by G d i Ch ist w
e n o e u an ere a en o n r as
on e f s lf b g ti
o L v th spi it which giv s its
e -a ne a on . o e, e r e
wo lif t th s is t h i m st lity f Ch ist d

n e o o er , e n o rea o r an
f G d
o d it w
o ,
m if st d t sc d tly i His
an as an e e ra n en en n
hist ic l dv t It w b c us d i t y w His f m
or a a en . as e a e e as ro
b f ll tim th t H p ss ss d t h u sp k bl gift t
e ore a e a e o e e e n ea a e o
l ya l v s lt
on O tho e th h d t h c c pti f
’
a ar . n e o er an , e on e on o
an cqui d divi ity st ds

a re l w thic l pl ; it n an on a o er e a an e
h p t d with th sp ct f sublimity
as ar e e a e o .
1
Thu
p i t m g s which i such d b t s it is
s a o n e er e n e a e
on ly t sy t ig
oo th eac mm di g pl c f t h o n or e — e o an n a e o e
i c ti i t h Ch isti m ss g If t h Chu ch s
n a rn a on n e r an e a e . e r
’
mi d is t t i
n lumi us d d f sibl f ith i
o re a n a no an e en e a n ou r
L d s divi it y th t f ith must p s t ts lf

or
’
n , a a re en i e as so
w d ful i i t sity d g i t iu mph t d mi g

on er n n en an ran e, n r an re ee n
pw o t
e r, d m it f
as iv l su g t L t m
o a o no r a or rro a e . e en
p c iv th t i Ch ist th st ds b f th m O wh
er e e a n r ere an e or e e ne o
i n spi itu l b i g th t is i will d ch ct is

r a e n — a ,
n an a ra er—
i d ti l wi t h G d Hims lf th t i
en ca Him w h v t d o e ,
a n e a e o o
wit h thi g l ss th th E t l d t c it b c m s
no n e an e ern a ,
an a on e e o e
pl i th t v l ti
a n a
g refu th I
e a th w ds on ca n o no r er . n o er or ,
th di m
e i of this v l ti f m t h di ff t i l
en s on s re e a on or e e re n a
Th m h
1
ie y d d h
e w
as d d
recen t l dj con t en e t at e sh oul r op th e a ect i v es
D i iv d ne hm
an d ev e n d h “
D iv i n e - u an , an p rop oses i n st ea t at J e s us
sh ld h
ou be d c H m R
a ract er i se G d l as th e u an e
p resen t a t i ve o f o in ru ing th e
w orl
d ( G Von d er h mk otth ei t Ch r i s t i , D oe s t i s a e t hi ngs ea s i er ?
C uri ousl y , d
i t i s th e
d f M h
rev i v a l of an ol Ju ais t ic con cep t i on o th e ess i a
( Ren a n , Vi e d e J es us,
OSPE L or I NCA RNA TI ON TH E 4 25 G
f tu of Ch isti ity It is t th t J sus Ch ist v

ea re r an . no a e r , e en
if vi w d ehist ic p s li ty with such limit d d

e as a or e r on a a e an
d iv d s mbl c t G d is p ssibl t th m
er e re e an e o o as o e o o er en ,
m y a t c vy
no l m if st ti f t h F th His
on e a r ea an e a on o e a er —
judgm t d His m cy His i c cil bl t go ism

en an er ,
rr e on a e an a n
to i His u w i d p ssi t
s n, ch d wi th si ful
n ea r e a on o r ea an n e n .
I w h t J sus d s t us s ys H m w g sp t h
”
n a e oe o ,
a err a nn , e ra e
e xp ssi G d giv s us f His f li g t w ds us G d

re on o e o ee n o ar , or o
Him s lf P s
e l Spi it w ki g p u s This is
as a er on a r or n u on .
th f m i which v y m wh h b
e or n c cil d e er an o as een re on e
to G d th ugh Ch ist
o c ss ily c f ss s His D ity
ro r ne e ar on e e e ,
v l t h ugh h m y d cli t d pt th fo mul

e en a o e a e ne o a o e r a .
” 1
N w by
o d cli i g th f m ul is m t cc si lly
“
e n n e or a ea n o a on a
th t t h st ict d d hum it i Ch ist is suffici t

a e re r e an an ar a n r en
for hum d d t this t h sw is simply th t w

an n ee ,
an o e an er a e
ca n c c iv f m gl i us G sp l W
on e e a c c iv ar ore or o o e . e ca n on e e
th e th ught th t G d Hims lf sh uld b p s t t h l

o a o e o e re en o ea
an d s v A d w judg th t t h m st gl i us th ught
a e . n e e a e o or o o
o f G d lw ys is t u st
o ,
L v i ss c is d si
a a , d r e . o e n e en e e re an
will t su ff f t h s k f t h b lov d t t his

o er or e a e o e e e : o en er
c diti t t k his l d t
on on, c v y p ivil g
o a e oa , o r en ou n e e er r e e .
N t t s d
o symp th tic m ss g simply
o en a pp by a e e a e ,
or a ea r
d puty but t c m i p s
e ,
bst cl s d c u t o o e n er on , o a e an o n er
s s twithst di g Oth wis l v is t k w

r ea on no an n . er e o e no no n as
l v E v f God it is t u th t h wh w uld s v his

o e . en o r e a e o o a e
lif must l s i t
e o e .
2
Hum ity i v y g h put its fi l misgivi g i t

an n e er a e as na n n o
th e qu stio wh th G d if th b G d is
e n t e er o , ere e a o , n ear o
us ctiv ly i l v It is qu sti udibl i t h d p

a e n o e . a e on a e n e ee er
u d t s f t h w ld s lit tu
n er on e w ll i th s
o e or
’
era re as e as n o e
d sp t xp im ts f supplic ti f which t h l w
e era e e er en o a on o e o er
re ligi s full O ly i t h m ss g f Ch is t s id tity

on a re . n n e e a e o r
’
en
wi t h G d d s it bt i o sw C t i ly w
oe o a n an an er . er a n e a re
no t justifi d i usi g such id s i t p i i m d s

e n n ea n c r or o e , so
dict ti g b f h d h w R d m m us t b f shi d
a n e ore an o a e ee er e a on e .
Y t if
e th ught h b our duc t d d xp d d byo as e en e a e an e an e
Comm u n i on w it h God , 14 3 .
2
Cf Ma cgregor, J es us Ch r i st th e S on
.
f God
o ,
1 9 8 ff .
4 26 PERSON or J ESUS CH RI ST
TH E
our disc v i s i J sus w h ll h v c u g t b li v

o er e n e e S a a e o ra e o e e e
th t th L v m if st i H i m w uld sh i k f m
a e o e an e n o r n ro no
m l p ssibility ss ti l t th cc mplishm t f its

ora o e en a o e a o en o
a im This f f m b i g
.
,
so m tic m d ar ti ro e n a ro an o e rn n o on ,
w asf m t h v y uts t th livi g c

ro e erf p st lic o e e n ore o a o o
p chi g Th disc v y f J sus

re a n . e l id tity h d o er o e
’
r ea en a
c t d qui t w c c pti f Divi g c

rea e a e ne H i on e on o ne ra e .
“
ere n
is l v w it s St J h
o e,
”
rt th t w l v d G d but th t
e . o n, no a e o e o , a
H l v d us
e o e d s t His S , A d th m ss g b k
an en on . n e e a e ro e
t h w ld s h d h t O f m i sist c Ch ist s
’ ’
e or ar ear . ur or er n en e on r
t u m h d is i
r e an s s i c g u us with this much
oo n no en e n on r o ,
l ss its fut ti ; f t h cc pt c f t h uth tic

e re a on or e a e an e o e a en
hum xp i c s ls th t l l v i fi it Thus
an e e r en e ea e e e rn a o e as n n e .
it is ligi re t th l gy which h
on , n o th d p st s t k eo o , as e ee e a e
i t h divi i t y of Ch ist
n e L t m
n b p su d d th t it r . e en e er a e a
is ft ll m t ph
a er a ly a v w ught symb l t h
e a or on ,
an o e r- ro o ,
e
ad i g h y p b l
or n f which must b qui tly c f ss d i
er o e o e e on e e n
th s e m d f
an e fl cti oo d t h high pp l which h
o re e on , a n e a ea as
so l g m v d th m will b imp v ish d p st m dy

on o e e e o er e a re e .
Th gl y f G ds l v will f d i t dimm hu s ’
e or o o o e a e n o er e .
Th will m i p bl m s
ere re w d but thi
a n lv ro e no or s ca n s o e,
an d ds which l ss gift
n ee s tisfy no e er ca n a .
4 28 TH E PERSO N OF J ESUS CH R I S T
p re t a t i on yst i s f f ith . v b s clud d f m
1
M er e o a ca n n e er e e e ro
the a ctiviti s f s ; f th mi d m u st st iv t e O r ea on or e n r e o
disc v its w u ity v i its sup m bj ct If

o er o n n e en n re e o e .
Ch isti ity p cl ims J sus t h k yst

r an f th ch
ro a e as e e on e o e ar
o f hist y t h d mi g p s c f G d i tim it m ust

or , e re ee n re en e o o n e,
no t h i k f m th t t mp t t thi k t d thi k
S r n ro e a e o n ou an n
th ugh t h impli d qu sti s t His ulti m t l ti

ro e e e on as o a e re a on
t G d
o d mo d th u i an of G dh d d m h d a n, an e n on o ea an an oo
i His p s
n A m g th s qu sti s er on f th f . on e e e on on e O e or e
m st d m st b ffli g is th id f i c ti
o an o By a n e ea o n arn a on .
a ss ti g t h divi ity f Ch ist w h v b u d u s lv s

er n e n O r e a e o n o r e e
t t h d ct i
o e th t H is i s m
o ls s Gdi c t
r ne a e n o e r ea en e o n arn a e,
an d w must w i qui e t th g l s ig ific c no n re as o e en e ra n an e
an d c dibility f this c c pti

re o on e on .
It h ft b sugg st d th t i c ti i th
as O en een e e a n arn a on n e
c s f Ch ist is d d imp b bl by t h f ct th t
a e o r ren ere ro a e e a a
a lli d b li fs occu i v i us th ic ligi s Th

e e e r n ar o e n re on . e con
i ti
v c th t d ity m y t k mb di d f m i this t h t
on a e a a e e o e or n or a
g t m w wid ly p d f x m pl i G c d
rea an as e S r ea ,
or e a e, n ree e an
I di O t f this i dic bl m t l t d cy h v
n a . u o n era a e en a en en a e
S p u g m ultitud f myths s mbli g t h Ch isti

r n a e O re e n e r an
st y A d this it is h ld disc dits

or . n d ctri f m , e ,
re our o ne ro
th fi st J sus w d m d t b G d i c t ly
e r . e as ee e o e o n a rn a e on
b c us i th t g t h th ught f m f i c ti w
e a e n a a e e o - or O n a rn a on as
c mm ly ppli d to imp ssiv p s liti s M st d

o on a e re e er on a e . en oo
r ea dy with t h c c ptio d g v s s f i tl e on e n, an no ra e en e O n e
l ctu l difficulty st i d th i
e a f it re ra n e e r u se O .
B t it m y b p i t d
u t th t i m l w ld it is
a e o n e ou a n a ora or
n o ar gum t g i st t h lity f p ticul v t th t

en a a n e r ea o a ar ar e en a
“
its cc u c w xp ct d T th s wh b li v i
o rren e as e e e . O o e o e e e n a
l vi g G d it must lw ys pp
o n o t c d tly c dibl a a a ear an e e en re e
th t H will m k
a sw i p s t t h ligi us
e a e an er n er on o e re o
y i gs th myst i s h p s t h i fi it p m i t y
e a rn n , e er ou o e , e n n
Q
e re on or
1
T h p rob l ems, a n d t eol ogy wi l l alway s s t ri v e t o s ol v e t h em
ey are real h
by reason ed t h ou gh t , b u t we a re m uc m ore sure of our a ct s t h an o f ou r h f
t h eori es h f
W i l e t h e act of C ri s t s on en ess wi t God i s cert a i n for ai t ,
’
h h f h
h f
.
i n t erp ret a t i on s of t is o n en es s wi ll v a ry to th e en d . B ut ev ery or m of
i n t erp re t a t i on p resu pp oses t h e i n i t i a l i m p ressi on of H i s t ra nscen d e n ce .

P A GAN T H E OP H ANI E S 4 29
gl ms with which d v ut mi ds h v b fill d Th s

ea e o n a e ee n e . e e
c sid ti s d
on e ra t ti tl us t disp g c c t
on o no en e o a ra e on re e
e vid c But if i th c d f t h p s t w c u t
en e . n e r e or O e a e e n o n er
O ne wh s s lf c ci u s ss w u d i bly u iqu d
o e e - on s o ne as n en a n e, a n
who h b bl t c mmu ic t t m
as een a w Divie o o n a e o en a ne ne
lif w e, d t f i f m ck wl d gi g Him G d
e n ee no re ra n ro a no e n as o
m if st i t h fl sh m
an e ly t h g u d th t th h v
n e e ere on e ro n a ere a e
b m y p g Ch ists Th w ts d l gi gs
een an a an r .
”
e an an on n
which l d m t w ship th s d m s of h th ism

e en o or e e re ee er ea en
w i spi d f G d d i t t h mpty p th tic h ds

ere n re o o , an n o e e a e an
thus st tch d t th ski s H w i d ti m t put th

re e o e e e as n ue e o e
p f ct f lfilm t f th w ld s d si
er e u S uch xp i c s
en o e or
’
e re . e e r en e
f m d t h p p ti
or e g li
e f th ic m
re a ra Th y o eua n e ca o e n an . e
c stitut
on p f th t e no l i c t i did t c m t
roo a a rea n arn a on no o e a
l st ; t l st th y d
a a ly if w ill giti m t ly ssu m
ea e o so on e e a e a e
th t i c ti is p
a n a rn a i m p ssibl I d d th y
on er se o e . n ee e
c b t
or ro f i th f it is i k pi g with wh t w
ora e ou r a ,
or n ee n a e
k w f th Divi p vid ti l cti th t th fi l

no O e ne ro en a a on a e na
d m pti sh uld t h v b giv b uptl y b t i

-
re e on o no a e een en a r ,
u n
re a l ti t di m t y pp tus f id s by which it
on o a ru en a r a a ra o ea
might b pp h d d A it h b e a dmi bly put

re en e . s as een a ra
If w m d th t S f G d must d liv us is
e are so a e a a on O o e er ,
i t dd th t P t g i s ( d th s ) sh uld d
o a a a m f on a n an o er o rea o a
S on o f G d Th s im m m i l p m iti s w
o .
” 1
t e e e or a re on on ere n o
th ec us f th G osp l b t th y
a e o bl d m t e e ,
u e en a e en o
a pp ci t it wh it c m
re a e en a e .
Fu th m it m y b t k
r er c t i th t th fi st
ore , a e a en as er a n a e r
b li v s did t b w th i g t st th ughts f Ch ist

e e er no orro e r r ea e o o r .
Th s u c e f th i v c bul y
o r e O f such t ms L d
e r o a ar — O er as or
d R d m is c m p tiv ly u imp t t ; i
“ —
e ee er o a ra e n or a n n an
an y
c s ld
a e, ss ci ti s c uld t h v dict t d t h
O er a o a on o no a e a e e
a p st lic
o f w ds
o E ch s f p g
use o t mi l gy m y or . oe O a an er no o a
d ubtl ss ccu i t h N w T st m t si c th is
o e o r n e e e a en ,
n e er e no
c py ight i ph s s ; b t th s m bl c is i xp ssi
o r n ra e u e re e an e n e re on
on ly t i m i g “ must t b imp s d up by
, no n ea n n .
r
e no e o e on
wh t is but sp ci us v b l c i cid c Cu t id s
a a e o er a o n en e . r re n ea
O f i c tin p t h sis f f m i m p ssi g m f

arn a on or a o eo ,
ar ro re n en o
Ch R 1
f m es t ert on , e l i gi ou s D o ubts o De ocr a cy , 18 .
4 30 TH E PERSO N OF J ESUS CH RI ST
St . ul s st mp w dis m iss d
Pa
’
a bh tly bl ph
, e re e as a orre n as e
m us N p g t l s f th ph y
o . O a h v h lp d t
an a e O eo an ca n a e e e ou
a J wish p stl with his Ch is t l gy wh t v m y h v

e a o e r o o ,
a e er a a e
b t h c s with his G til h

een e a e s It w his u iqu en e ea rer . as n e
e xp i c f Ch ist t t h c m m h bit f mi g th
er en e O r ,
no e o on a o na n e
E mp f G d th t l d St P ul up t t h l fti st
“
S
e ror on o o ,
a e . a o e o e
su mmits f d ct i H f lt th t i J sus t h L d th
o o r ne . e e a n e e or ere
h d b giv h i m O f wh m th lo ds w “
a ee n en ne o o o er r ere
f ls d usu pi g h d ws
a e an r n S a o .
A d y t g i t h Ch isti id f i c ti is
n e a a n, e r an ea O n arn a on
sh ply di ff ti t d f m ll th s by its pu ly thic l

ar ere n a e ro a o er re e a
qu lity T th m st cu s y d f th G k myths
a . o e o r or re a er o e ree ,
on th th h d it is pl i th t t h Divi lif is
e o er an ,
a n a e ne e
c c iv d m vi g
on e e th li s f th physic l w ld
as o n on e ne o e a or .
T qu t Si W M R m s y
o o e r Th Divi . tu which is . a a : e ne na re ,
th m d le d p t typ
o e f ll t h
an ctivity f m w ro o e o a e a o an , as
s livi g d dyi g i t h lif f t s d pl ts f

e en n an n n e e O ree an an , O
g ss d c
ra an Th lif f tuor n v
. ds ; it e e o na re ne er en
di s ly to b b
e on di ff t d y t th s m M e or n , e re n an e e a e . en
m u f t h d d g d d imm di t ly th i m u i g
o rn or e ea o ,
an e a e e r o rn n
is tu d i t j y f t h g d is b
rn e n o Th fu d
o , or e o re orn .
” 1
e n a
m t l c c pti
en a of d ity is imp f ctly mo lis d
on e on e er e ra e .
Ap ll c uld b pictu d
o o o th of w lf m th
e re as e s on a o — o er .
Th et f th d
a ua a ra s
g V ish u o t d i Hi du e o n ,
as n a rra e n n
lg d bt y i
e en ,
v i ty f f tu s t h l w i g
e ra n a ar e O ea re e o er n
i flu c f st gly p th istic vi w of th w ld
n en e o a ron an e e e or .
Th Hi d mi d is ls l cki g i
e n u s s f hist y ;
n a o a n n a en e or or
d wh w m t with t h id f i c ti i t h “
an en e ee e ea o n arn a on n e
en cycl p dic gg g ti f cults d customs w k w

o ae a re a on o an e no as
Hi duis m w must c fully gu d u s lv s g i st

n , e a re ar o r e e a a n
supp si g th t sup m sig ific c is t h by tt ibut d

o n a re e n an e ere a r e
t s m
o o l p s lity with disti ct pl c i th tim
e re a e r on a ,
a n a e n e e
s i s Th i gl f ct th t f Hi duism hist y b l gs
er e . e S n e a a or n or e on
t th
o l m f t h illus y whil f G k th ught its
e re a o e or , e or r ee o
rea li ty i c mp is with th u ch gi g f ms f b i g
,
n o ar on e n an n or O e n ,
is t m st s c d t is ugh t p v h w f i ch
a o e on -ra e, eno o ro e o ar n ea
c s t h u d lyi g phil s phy di ff s f m t h C h isti

a e e n er n o o er ro e r an .
1
H a s t i n gs D B ( E x t ra V ol um e ) , 123 — 24
’
. .
4 32 TH E PERSON OF J ESUS CH R I S T
must h m y with th t thic l m th is m wh ich
be i n ar on a e a on o e
t h Ol d T st m
e t t smitt d to t h N w Imm c
e a en ra n e e e . a n en e
as xp u d d f x mpl by Spi z who th ugh

e o n e , or e a e, n o a, , o no
m t i list y t d cl s th t G d is b i g ith mi d
a er a , e e are a o a e n ne er n
n or m tt but v li g Hims lf i both d t pp

a e r, re ea n e n ,
an no a ar
en tly m i th i th th h lw ys f il d t
o re n on e an n e o e r, as a a a e o
m t th qui m t s f co sci c N will y vi w

ee e re re en o n en e . or an e
su ffic which ft e d ubt u c sci usly p s ts

— O en no o n on o — re re en
G d o xt m ly t t u t d ki d f m tt di ff s d
as an e re e a en a e n o a er u e
t h ugh ut sp c
ro It is ls
o c ss y th t w should
a e . a o ne e ar a e
a v id c fusi g imm c with id tity G d i h bits

o on n a n en e en . o n a ,
p v d s m v s i spi s t h w ld ; i this s s H is
er a e , o e , n re e or n en e e
i m m t t h s ul is imm t i t h b dy with
a n en as e o a n en n e o , a
dy mic ubiquity i v lvi g di ctly ctiv l ti to

na n o n a re a e re a on
ea c h p t Y t s ul d b dy
ar . t id tic l
e by o an o a re no en a ,
n or
l gy is G d id tic l with t h w ld
an a o I o d th t en a e or . n or er a
th will f G d m y b t h
e o gy f t h u iv s it must
o a e e e n er O e n er e ,
b t e sc d t t th t which it i d w lls N
ra n en en b o a n e . 0 on e ca n e
so k ly w f t h limits f t h Divi imm c

een a a re o e o e ne a n en e as
th e i to wh m p t c h b ught h m th
S nn er, o re en a n e as ro o e e
div g c of s lf d G d with vivid l is ti which

e r en e e an o a re a a on
is sh p d d gist d by th s s f guilt I
ar en e an re e re e en e o . n
sh t w c t p t with y co c pti f imm c

or , e an n o o era e an n e on O an e n e
th t bl ts t sh ws i di ff c t thic l disti cti s

a o ou , or o n e ren e o, e a n on .
But this ll vi ws v tu lly do which h v b f m d

a e e en a a e een or e
on th l gy f sp c i l ti t its c t ts
e an a o O a e n re a on o on en .
Fid lity t m l f ct th blig s us t mph sis

e o ora a , en , o e o e a e, a s
a f u d m t l p i cipl th t ut h th t Divi imm c

n a en a r n e, e r a ne a n en e
is ss ti lly m tt f d g
e en a d th t th d g
a s f it a er o e r ee, a n a e e ree o
a re m lly c diti d This m s th t i djusti g t h

ora on on e . ea n a n a n e
id of i c ti t it w bt i m u ch l ss light h lp
ea n a rn a on o e o a n e or e
th might h v b supp s d f om t h c c ptio of

an a e e en o e r e on e n
Divi imm c i ne tu th p g ssiv m if st

a n en e n na re— e ro re e an e a
ti of God i m tt
on it h b c ll d ; p i m ily f
n a er, as as ee n a e r ar or
th e s th t m tt is i c p bl f ssimil ti g
r ea on a a er n a a e o a a n or
re fl cti g t h ch c t istic qu liti s f G d h li ss d

e n e ara er a e O o , o ne an
l v It must lw ys b f us
o e . p qu d i sc ut bl a a e or an o a e an n r a e
p bl m h w th imp so l t h u co sci u s m ly
ro e o e er na , e n n o or e re
D E GREES OF I M M AN E N C E 433
s ti t
en b th
en , g
can bOd f S p m Mi d
e S
e or a n or a e o u re e n . O
ina d qu t is f m t c t t th t th y s m f v
e a e or o on en a e ee or e er
in c m m s u bl M light is d iv bl f m th Divi
o en ra e . ore er a e ro e ne
in dw lli g i m e n v l d by th v ic f c sci c
n a n , as re ea e e o e o on en e .
B t w
u is s t ill high wh w c sid t h i stim bl
e r e er en e on er e ne a e
p ivil g f Divi s ship c f d

r e e O l l th s wh
ne on on e rre on a o e o a re
u it d t G d by f ith ; f i th m d th i
n e o o vtd
a or n e ,
an e r r en o a e
b i g th is s
e n ,
er ef lis ti by m eenf th a ree rea a on an O e
right us ss t h bl ss d ss nd th gl y f th Divi
eo ne , e e e ne ,
a e or o e ne
lif e .Ch isti xp i c th p v s th

r an elity of er en e en ro e e r ea
u i with G d ; ly t h u i so p v d is
n on o m
on , e n on ro e no e re
na tu f ct b u t t h obj ct f spi tio f ith d ff t

re - a , e e o a ra n, a , an e or .
N w of this Divi
o i h bit ti w titl d to g d
ne n a a on e a re en e re ar
Ch ist t h t sc d t clim x sh ddi g t h light of

r as e ra n en en a , e n e
i t p t ti
n er re a ch p c di g st g Al l th t
on on ea b re e n a e . a ca n e
na m d Divi imm c c m s t its lf i Him d is

e ne a n en e o e o e n an
co summ t d f i Him l th
n a e , xist thic l c di
or n a on e ere e e a on
ti s which m k f m d c t t q u l to ch oth
on a e or an on en e a ea er .
A d n t h v lid p i cipl th t l w
on e a m d s of b i g r n e a o er o e e n are
explic bl by t h high it is cl th t th c c pti f

a e e e r, ear a e on e on o
imm c is m sig ific t d lumi us if w st t

a n en e ore n an an no e ar
f m th p s f Ch ist d t h bs lut p s c f
ro e e r on O r ,
an e a o e re en e o
G d i Him th
o n if p i t f d p tu b th Divi
,
an ou r o n O e ar re e e ne
p m ti f t h u iv s
er ea on o wh l T m v dow e n er e as a o e . o o e n
f m G d i Ch ist is m c vi ci g th t m v u p
ro o n r ore on n n an o o e
f m G d i tu
ro o It is i J s u s t ls wh th t
n na re . n e ,
no e e ere, a
th e t u light shi s by which w m y d t h wid

r e ne e a r ea e er
p bl m C t i fi ds its k y i d mptiv i c ti
ro e . rea on n e n re e e n arn a on .
I sh t it h b put th is p bl m is d “
n or ,
as as een , ere no ro e ra e
by t h id f God m if st i th fl sh t th l ti
e ea o an e n e e as o e re a on
of t h Divi e tu to th hum i t h u ity f

ne na re e an n e n o on e
p s er on , or as t th hist ic l igi f s u ch l ti i
o e or a or n o a re a on , . e
.
its b gi i g i tim ;
e nn n t th cti of th limit d
n e or a s o e a on e e
m h d t h illimi t bl G dh d which is t q u lly

an oo on e a e o oo , no e a
ra is d by t h i t l ti s f G d d tu
e e n e r-re a F i on o o an na re . or n a
p f ctly l s s c t i is i c ti ; tu is t h
er e re a en e rea on n a rn a on na re e
b dy f t h i fi i t Spi it t h g ism which t h Divi

o O e n n e r , e or a n e ne
thought h s ticul t d d fill d with t h b th f lif

a ar a e an e e rea o e .
28
4 34 PERSON OF J ESUS CH R I S T
TH E
B t whil t h p bl ms
u e l g u s t h f ct s which
e ro e a re an a o o , e a or
p mis s lutio
ro e m p t t i t h c s f th i
o n a re or e o en n e a e O e n
c ti th f c ti
arn a on F i
an O tu t h id f G d rea on . or n na re e ea o o
d m ds f its xp ssi
e an or m th physic l d e re on no or e an a an
l gic l c t g i s b t i Ch ist t h c t g i s b c m
o a a e or e ,
u n r e a e or e e o e
ra ti l thic l m ti l i th y i v lv p s l
ona , e a , e o on a , . e
. e n o e er on a
qu liti s d l ti s t h th m c sm ic l m d s
a e an re a on ra er an e re o a o e
an d gi s A d
en e r by i v sti g G d wi th high
e . n s o, n e n o a er
d g f lity d high qu liti s f b i g it m k s l l

e ree o rea an er a e o e n ,
a e a
His att ibut s d l ti s m

r e ctu l ll His cti s
an re a on ore a a ,
a a on
d w ys m i t lligibl d l ” 1
an a or e n e e an rea .
O t u m d of d sc ibi g C h ist cc di gly is t

ne r e o e e r n r ,
a or n , o
sp k f His p s
ea o p s ti g th b l t i mm
er on a s r e re en n e a so u e a n en ce
of G d F th Divi i d w lli g must v y i q u lity

o .
2
or e ne n e n ar n a
an d i t si t y with t h
n en c ptiv ss of m ; h c it e re e en e an en e as
d p s it must f m tim t tim i v lv w d p tu s

ee en ro e o e n o e ne e ar re ,
t u i g p i ts c is s f
rn n - o n p ch m ki g ch ct
,
r Ofe o an e o — a n ara er .
th s t h li f f Ch ist is t h l st d high st H p s
e e e e o r e a an e . e o en
a w
ne d ; w m y c t i ly put it if w dd th t
or er e a er a n so e a a
i this
n w d H is u iqu A d by usi g th t m
ne or er e n e . n n e er
“
i mm c w m k t h f ct th t v i Ch ist t h
an en e
”
e ar e a a e en n r e
i flux f G dh d is t u l t d to th p st F G d
n o o ea no n re a e e a . or o
h as b c mi g t m f m th b gi i g V y p ci lly
een o n o an ro e e nn n . er S e a
th Divi Spi it dw lt i t h p ph ts dui g th m

e ne r e n e ro e , en n e
wi t h po w d i sight ; y t His p s c th
er an w
n ft e re en e ere as a er
a ll ly i t mitt t d p ti l
on n er b k fi tf l i m
en an ar a : a ro en , u ,
p f ct th i g with v st disc p cy b tw t h th
er e n , a a re an e e en e ea r en
v ss l d t h high gift F m t h v y u ts t th
e e an e er . ro e er o e e
t d cy mov m t f Divi l v h b t w d
en en or e en o ne o e as e en o ar
s ch s lf xp ssi withi fi it c sci us ss must

u a e -e re on n n e on o ne as
e v k f i th d h p
o e a d l v i
an th i ful ss ; with o e an o e n e r ne
Lut h w m y y th t God h lw ys l g d f
er e a sa a as a a on e or
hum ity His w f m f xist c At ch p i t

an as o n or o e en e . ea o n
o ur th ught is f c u s h m p d by th mys t y f t im
o o o r e a ere e er O e
i
n re a l ti t t i t y N th l ss w
on o e e rn G d it . on e e e , e see o as
w ere v eHis w y t i c ti m i g
er on by w a o n a rn a on , ov n on ne
1
Fa i rba i rn , Phi l os op h y f
o th e Ch ri s ti a n Rel i gi on , 4 7 9
h
.
Ki rn , Dogmat i k, 1 0 6 cf . Il li n gwort , Di vi ne I mma nence, 7 7 .

436 PERSON O J SUS CH R I S T
TH E F - E
th p s e l lif t which s lf is giv

er on a e d t h cho ct e en , a n e ara er
i ti
s f m h d t
c o an d d b susc ptibl f such i fi it
oo ,
o n ee an e e e o n n e
b st w l
e o fi lly c l tiv ; d lth ugh c sid d
a ,
a re na or re a e an a o , on ere
i th ms lv s th y
n e e ti t l us t ss t ly t h p ssibilit y
e ,
e en e o a er on e o
o f i c n ti arn a t th f ct its lf y t th y p p th
on , no e a e , e e re a re e
w y f
a i t llig c i its ff t t co st u t h
or n e en e n e or o n r e e on e
Divi hu m p s of Ch ist
n e- an er on r .
But w h v sp k f b l t imm c ; d th
e a e o en O a so u e an e n e an e
e m ph tic dj ctiv is wit ss t t h f ct th t i

a a e e Ch ist ne o e a a n r
im m c a n en ch s its clim x It is cli m x which

e r ea e a . a a
c w s t h s i s by its lik ss t th p st d t sc ds
ro n e er e en e o e a an ran en
it by si gul ity d diff c Th s lf givi g God is

n ar an e r en e . e e - n
wh lly p s t i J sus S w d cisiv is t h t

o re en n e . o ne ,
so e e e ac
th t it a b c mp d to thi g but c ti
can e o If ar e no n re a on .
p ph ts w i spi d by t h Spi it f th i v c ti
ro e e re n re e r or e r o a on ,
th s m e Divi lif fills J sus with

a e ne g ic ity d e e an or an un an
t t lity which c stitut Hi m t h fi l s lf p s t ti

o a on e e na e - re e n a on
o f G d i t h hum
o n ph e B st w l d pp h si an S ere . e o a an a re en on
ca n g fu
o noth With ut rb st w lerth is. s lv tio o e o a ere no a a n
f m bv
ro a m zi g s c ific
o e, no th p t f G d;
a a n a r e on e ar o o
with ut pp h si
o a mo l t p c ss w
re en on as a ra ac or ro e e are
still th pl of tu
on e A d i b th th s w ys t h
ane na re . n n o e e a e
f ct f J sus is i c m p bl Wh t h b
a O e n o lis d ara e . a as een rea e
i Him is
n t si m ply m no th th p st m su d b ck ore an e a ,
ea re a
w d f m His d t ; it is lik wis m th ll t h

ar ro a v en e e ore an a e
futu f th ugh H i m is m di t d w d f v
re : or ro e a e no an or e er
t h t i with G d which is s lv ti
a u n on d bl ss d ss
o a a on a n e e ne .
At this st dp i t it b c m s cl an th t t h l s d
o n e o e ear a e oo e a n
c fus d ti of i c ti i t h c which h
on e no on
“
n a rn a on n e ra e , as
b een o ff d p f u d substitut f th Ch isti

ere as a ro o n er e or e r an
vi w is t f h m y with c c t f ct A y tt ctiv
e ,
ou o ar on on re e a . n a ra e
ne ss it m y s m t p ss ss is i
a ee lity wi g t c u d
o o e n rea o n o a r e
o blit ti f m l disti cti s sti g th mist k

era on o ora n on ,
re n on e a en
a ssumpti th t t h l ti s f G d d m
on a e m re a on O o an an a re co
p l t l y i t p t bl
e e i
n er physic l d l gic l c t g i s
re a e n a an o a a e or e .
B t u lity
rea it is wh m l c diti s h v b
as en ora on on a e een
withd w is t t h ra n lity i which w liv O

no e r ea n e e . ur
d p st g ou d f p dic ti g divi ity f J sus is th

ee e r n or re a n n O e e
AB S OL UT E I M M AN E N C E IN CH R I S T 437
p s c i His lif f th t l v h li s d d m i g
re e n e n e o a o e, o n es ,
an re ee n
p w which c stitu t th ss ti l d fi i ti f G dh d ;
o er on e e e en a e n on o o ea
but wh w s v y hum ity en e wh l ur e i its an as a o e, or n
i divid l m mb s t his g u d f p dic t i is pl i ly

n ua e er ,
ro n o re a on a n
l cki g Wh t v b t h t uth t t h l t t m l
a n . a e er e e r as o e a en ora
p t ci s f m th c t u li ty is t i usly i m p f ct
o en e O an, e a a n o or o er e .
It is futil th f t mpl y t ms t this p i t which

e, ere or e , o e o er a o n
sugg st th t G d w
e a l ly th ugh l ss c m pl t ly
o as as r ea o e o e e
i c t i Jud s i Ch ist It is t v t u th t
n a rn a e n a as n r . no e en r e a
i
n d tim w h ll b
ue Divi
e Ch ist W
e s a e as ne as r . e ar e
no t c ll d u p a t b
e f G d th t which Ch ist w ;
on o e or o a r as
h c it c t b
en e id l
a nn o y thi g w e spi ou r ea ,
or an n e ca n a re
to, t h t w sh uld b c m
a e S s f G d i th s m s s
o e o e on O o n e a e en e .
T thO d b th
e encqui d lik ss wh t it m y t h
, e e a re en e a a , e
di ff c f p so
e r en e d v c ti
o mus t m i T t h
er n an o a on re a n . o e
en d lif will b d iv d m di t d th ugh His u iq u

our e e er e ,
e a e ro n e
lif ; d t h c ll qui l
e an f th s m t m
e o o S ship a us e o e a e er — on
to d t en o e di ff i g l ti s ught t t c j l us
our er n re a on o no o a o e
i t sup fici l id tific ti f t h t w I sp ct f

n o a er a en a on o e o . n re e o
i mm c cc di gly t h l st w d li s with c sci c

a n en e, a or n , e a or e on en e .
Th fi e l bj c ti t s yi g th t ll mi ds
na O e on p ts f o a n a a n ar e ar o
G d is
o t m ly th t th ughly wick d p s s xist
no er e a or o e er on e ,
but th t w a l l wick d i e a re a m su If m is p t e n our ea re . an ar
o f G d si m ply g
o m th t my xp i c f si i gua a n , so a e er en e o nn n
is p sitiv ly d i s m thi g f t h s m s s G d s
o e an n o e n o e a e en e o
’
e xp i c d i ty h c s d t b m l Thus w
er en e, e as ea e o e ora . e a re
jus t ifi d i ss ti g t m ly th t imm c is thi g

e n a er n no e re a a n en e a n
o f d g e but th t th d g s f it
ree, t hic l l y qu lifi d
a e e ree o a re e a a e .
“
U iv s l i c
n er a ti ig s thi s p t t f ct It is
n a rn a on n ore a en a .
t u th t t h w k d f G d by c tiv p s lity
r e a e or on e or o a r ea e er on a
is t h m su of th Divi p s c t h Divi
e ea re gy e ne r e en e or e n e en e r
i m m t withi hi m but it is ly b c us t h w k h
a n en n on e a e e or e
d s i G d s s mbli g t h Divi i qu li ty d pu p s
oe s o
’
, re e n e ne n a an r o e,
th t t h high p s c is disc ibl

a e er re e n e e rn e .
E luti vo imm c st t d i dy mic t ms

on — or a n en e a e n na er
i t h u f ldi g wi t hi
s e n o t h w ld f t h Divi
n p i cipl n e or O e ne r n e
o f lif O em d. f c c i i g Ch i t t h
ne f th ugh
o e o on e v n r s , ere or e , o
it m y t b t h m st sig ific t m d is t g d Him

a no e e o n an o e, o re a r
43 8 THE PERSoN OF J E s US cHRI sT
as t sc d t c w f E v lu t i
the ra n en It h b en ro n O o on . as e en
o bj ct d th t t h p i cipl f E v luti must ds v t

e e a e r n e o o on n ee e o
th lity f P s wh is th fi l v l ti f G d
e rea o a er on o e na re e a on o o
b c us His p s l dv t i tim d tt chm t t

e a e er on a a en n e , an a a en o
wh m c stitut s t h bs lut ligi

o on N w it is t u
e e a o e re on . o r e
th t c t i f ms f v luti y m t physic
a er a n or i m o e o on ar e a a re n co
p tibl with t h fi lity f Ch ist th y i c mp tibl

a e e na o r ,
as e a re n o a e
with u c di t i l v lu s of v y ki d Bu t th y
n on on a a e e er n . e a re
m d s o e f th ught which
O j ct t h divi ity f Ch is t
o re e e n o r
b c us th y m y b s id t h v fi st j ct d th
e a e e a e a o a e r re e e e
divi ity f G d Hims lf His t l p s lity His

n o o e —
e ern a er on a ,
a bs l t h ly l v His p w t t hu m lif This

o u e o o e, o er o en e r an e .
is t t h pl c f
no d t il d sc uti y f th i phil s phic
e a e or a e a e r n o e r o o
cl ims But t l st it m y b s id t h t th y ff d
a . a ea a e a a e O en
e ith by pplyi g t s lf c sci us lif th t m g

er a n o e - on o e e oo ea re
c c pti s f tu l sci c
on e on oby culp bl gl ct f
na ra en e, or a a e ne e o
th em xim th t wh t v is v lv d must b c c iv d
a a a e er e o e e on e e
as h vi g fi st xist d i
a n i v lv d p t ti l fo m
r e e n an n o e or o en a r .
Ap t f m this h w v
ar ro th thic l p i cipl s u d lyi g
,
o e e r, e e a r n e n er n
m st f t h bj cti s u g d t this p i t f vi w
o o e o e on r e a o n o e a re
dubi us i t h xt m Thus th d ct i of t h
o n e e re e . e o r ne e
i c ti
n a rn a f th Divi lif
on , p s t i
o si gl e ne e as re en n a n e
fi it pi it h b
n e S impug d
r ,
ss t i lly u just
as ee n ne as e en a
“
n .
Th Id cc di g t St uss l v s t t p u ll
” “
e ea , a or n o ra ,
o e no o o r a
its ful ss i t ne x m pl i j l usy t w ds l l th

n o on e e a e, n ea o o ar a e
re st S m c l u m ight b l nt t this st g m isc

.
”
o e o o r e e o ra n e on
ce
p ti w th f th st mi g Divi lif p s t d
on ere e or - rea n ne e re re e n e
as h vi g b t t lly c fi d t J sus His xclusiv ly

a n e en o a on ne o e , SO e e
as t b o v il bl fe a als But i t u th th l v
a e or n o on e e e . n r e o e
o f G d is c c t t d i
o J sus ly th t it m y fill t h
on e n ra e n e on a a e
w ld O t f His f ul ss h v l l w c iv d d
or
“
u o ne a e a e re e e ,
an
g c up g c
ra e on ra e .
Fi lly it m y b p i t d t th t
na ,
f mili a e o n e ou a on e a ar
a ss u mpti is ssump t i
on d m an F qu tly a on an no ore . re en
it h b t k f g t d th t th bs lut u i f
as ee n a en or ra n e a e a o e n on o
th h u me d Divi is ly t b st dim f c st r
an a n ne on a e a ore a o
f
a r-o ff p visi d th t t h
re co summ ti
on , f th an a e n a on o e
e vol u ti y p c ss by th
on ar t u of th c s m u st
ro e , e na re e a e,
440 PERSON OF J ESUS CH R I S T TH E
If w k w him h pp s i c p bl f p s l
, as e no , e a ea r n a a e O er on a on e
ne ss with t h E t l it is t b m mb d th t his e ern a ,

o e re e er e a
t h b
n a ur e c mpl t ly m i f st d i Ch ist l
as een o e e an e e n r a on e ,
an d th t t h p t ti liti s thus disclos d

a et th l ss o en a e e ar e no e e
hum b c us th y h v m g d c
an e a d ly c e e a e e er e on e, an on on e,
i h ist y
n I fi it d fi it spi it l ik sh i thic l
or . n n e an n e r a e are n e a
s lf c scious ss T ch w sc ib mi d will d
e - on ne . O ea e a r e n , ,
an
f li g N but t h p s l God c uld b i c t

ee n . on e e er on a o e n a rn a e
i suc h
n bi g m ; but p s l h um i ty
a e n as an n on e a er on a an
c uld b t h m dium f Divi lif i tim

o e e e O ne e n e.
Th u s f it h b ssum d th t t h i c ti f
ar as een a e a e n arn a on O
G d i Ch ist is
o m di l i i m It w
n r t f l v re e a n a . as an ac o o e
f t h s lv ti
or f t h w ld
e a Wh t v a th tic l
on O e or . a e er our e or e a
c c ptio f th d ct i f t m t it is ss m d i
on e n O e o r ne O a on e en , a u e n
t h p c di g p g s th t t h
e re e C ss v ls t us t h im
n a e a e ro re ea o e
p lli g m tiv which l d t t h p s l dv t f G d

e n o e e o e er on a a en o o .
It is ly i t h light f t h C ss t h t w
on n Ch ist wh
e O e ro a e s ee r , o
is bst cti p t f m it d it is t t h C ss w
an a ra on a ar ro an o e ro e
o w th t p f u d d p ig t i t st whic h l
e a ro o n an o n an n er e a on e
m k s it w th whil t h v Ch ist l gy t ll But

a e or e o a e a r o o a a .
w m u st
e w gl c b i fly t t h th no y which d i s an e r e a e eor en e
this which t l st c t ds th t it is limit d d

,
or a ea on en a a e an
n a rro w di g f t h f cts Acc di g t this vi w t h

re a n O e a . or n o e , e
i c
n arn a ti w uld h v t k pl c quit p t f m i
on o a e a en a e e a ar ro s n .
Ev si l ss c must h v qui d d w uld h v

en a n e ra e a e re re ,
an o a e
re ec iv d j st such m i f st ti f G d w c t i d
e ,
u a an e a on o o as as on a n e
i J sus
n ebli g it t ch t h full h ight f its d v l p
, en a n o r ea e e o e e o
m t Th v y m k f t h u iv s impli s Ch ist d
en . e er a e O e n er e e r ,
an
whil i t h bs c f i His c
e n w uld h v b
e a en e O S n ar eer o a e een
di ff tly c diti d d i p ticul w uld h v b

eren on on e ,
an n ar ar o a e een
c w d with di ff t issu y t H must still h v

ro ne a er en e, e e a e
c m f th i pu su c f
o e or igi l d u ch g bl
n r an e o an or na an n an ea e
Di i pu p s W h t sh ll w y f this vi w which
v ne r o e . a a e sa o e ,
is c v d by g t m s ?
o ere r ea na e
1
1
I t is s t ron gl y m a i n t a i n ed b y D orn er, S ystem of Ch r i sti e/n D octri ne,
11
. 218 . See a lso We st cot t s essay on t h e Gos p el of Crea t i on i n h i s Com
’
men t ary on 1 J oh n .
TH E I N CA RN ATI ON AN D SIN 441
will cl im t p v it by t h xp l icit t chi g

N0 on e a o ro e e e ea n
of t h N w T st m t Whil th
e e m y t xts i
e a en . e er e ar e an e n
which t h missi f Ch ist is di ctl y ss ci t d with t h

e on o r re a o a e e
c qu st f i
on e i st c o b qu t d th
s n, no th n an e can e o e on e o er
sid e G d w
. i“
Ch ist c cil i g th w ld t
o as n r re on n e or un o
Hims lf H l v d us
e d s t His S
“
te b tho e an en on o e e
p piti ti f
ro asi s ; Si c th t h child
on or our n
” “
n e en e r en ar e
sh s i fl sh d bl d H ls Hims lf i lik m
ar er n e an oo , e a o e n e a n n er
p t ok f th s m th t th ugh d th H might b i g
ar o o e a e, a ro ea e r n
t o nought him th t h d t h p w f d th th t is t h a a e o er o ea , a , e
d vil
e th s p ss g s f m St P ul St J h
” 1
e e d th a a e ro . a , . o n , an e
w it f th E pistl t th H b ws
r er o e typic l f m y e o e e re , are a o an
m or e It is p ssibl
. d ubt t g b hi d th s pl i
o e, n o o , o o e n e e a n
w ds d c st uct f t h p st lic m i d wid vi w

or an on r or e a o o n a er e ,
i w h ich t h
n f c t i is i cid t l d which puts
e re er en e o s n n en a ,
an
th i c e ti i its pl c
n arn a u c diti d l m t
on n a e as an n on on e e e en
i
n th Divi w ld pl
e But g i st this it m y b
ne or - an . a a n a e
u g d th t it w uld i v lv t h c mpl t
r e a djustm t f
o n o e e o e e r ea en O
th N w T st m t p
e e p ctiv It tt ibut s t t h
e a en er s e e . a r e o e
a p stl s willi g ss t bst ct f m t h p bl m f

o e a n ne o a ra ro e ro e O
i
s n, i wh t is ultim t ly
n sp cul tiv i t st f which
a a e a e a e n ere , o
th y h v giv
e a ig W c t th i k f th m
e en no S n . e ann o n o e as
p p d t d fi t h l ti of G d d m p t f m
re a re o e ne e re a on o an an a ar ro
th xp i c f d mpti
e e er en e o re e on .
N is t hi ll Th th y h t h w k ss f
or s
'
a . e eor as e ea ne o
e v y pu ly hyp th tic l ss ti ; f it must b d

er re o e a a er on or e a
mi t t d th t t h
e ly u i v s k w t us is
a e on i which n er e no n o on e n
i
s n is l N t rea l c t i ly G d Hims lf ; this
. o s o re a , er a n ,
as o e
much f t uth is sugg st d by sp cul tiv tt mpts t

o r e e e a e a e o
i t p t i
n er mre g tis n ast t y im p f ct er e ne a on , n o o sa an er e or
u d v l p d f m of g d ss but p ss ss d f such
n e e o e or oo n e : o e e o a
dg e r ee f p sitiv lity th t i t h bs c f Divi

o o e rea a n e a en e o ne
c u t cti it will d st y us I th t c s t h wis

o n er a on e ro . n a a e, e e
will g d with suspici p bl ms

re ar hyp th tic l on ro e so o e a as
b ly t b c p bl f i t lligibl f mul ti
ar e o e Th
a a e O n e e or a on . e
qu sti e Wh t would h v ccu d if Ch isti

on :
“
a a e o r re r an
e xp i c h d b c mpl t ly diff t f m wh t it
er en e a een o e e er en ro a
1
2 Co 5 19, 1 J n 4 10 , H e
442 PERSO N OF J ESUS CH RI S T
TH E
is ? is ultim t ly d v id of m i g O co c pti
”
a e e o ea n n . ur n e on
o f Ch ist r w h v s ,
is l tiv t His d mi g
as e a e een , re a e o re ee n
w k ; st ik t t h d mi g w k v by supp s
or r e ou e re ee n or , e en o 1
ti on , d t h m t i ls f
an j udgm t dis pp
e Th
a er a or a en a ear . e
c t t f t h t m Ch ist b c m s u c t ll bly
on en O e er r e o e n on r o a
O bscu E xp i m t l th l gy
re . hv er c c en a eo o ca n a e no on ern
with th s im gi y situ ti s which t h m di v l

o e a n ar a on e e ae a
d i l ctic s ught t c v
a e by t h i ti m di f G d but
o o o er e sc en a e a o o ,
which th
,
as f th t i d mit bl esch l stic d vic
u se O a n o a e o a e e
a dmits implicitly h v l ti t k wl dg , a e n o re a on o ou r no e e .
It will t d t ply th t c t l f ct lik t h

no o o re a a e n ra a e e
i c ti c t ultim t ly h v d p d d f
n arn a on an n o lis ti a e a e e en e or r ea a on
on th c ti g cy f hum i F m t h hum
e
“
on n en
”
O an S n . ro e an
an gl f c u s i m y b d sc ib d
e, o o r e, c ti g t s n a e e r e as a on n en
lm t i
e e en f ,
it h n c ss y
so bs l t
ar as as no ne e ar or a o u e
e xist c d w en e, a nbl t c c iv its b liti e But ar e a e o on e e a o on .
w c e t t sf this t th Divi id W c t
an n o ran er o e ne S e . e an n o
ar gu t h t b c us i is i t usi it is lso su p is
e a e a e S n an n r on a a r r e
for G d u f s
o ,
d distu bi g
an m g cy f
n or e een an r n e er en or
which s c d y p visi h d t b m d W c t
e on ar ro on a o e a e . e an n o
c c iv f H i m w iti g t h issu f m s fi st c t ct
on e e o a a n e e O an
’
r on a
wit h t mpt ti with f li g simil t wh t w k w

e a on a ee n ar o a e no
as susp s His p sci c f t h w ld w p sci c

en e . re en e o e or as a re en e
a ls f m l vil Si w b f His mi d f m t h
o o or a e . n as e or e n ro e
fi st ; His d m ptiv th ught is t l His c tiv

r re e e o a s e ern a as r ea e .
I p i t f f ct
n o n d mpti O d c ti a p s tdt
, re e on a n re a on ar e r e en e o
us g ic u ity f mi g si gl hist ic p c ss ;
a s a n or an n ,
or n a n e or ro e
an d it is idl t tt mpt disi t g ti f this u ity

e o a e a n e ra on o n or
t d w
o ra t by l gic t h c
ou s qu c s f dic l ch g
o e on e en e o a ra a an e
i
n ou r c c pti f wh t t h p c ss is N thi g i d d
on e on o a e ro e . o n ,
n ee ,
can b m d ply ch ct istic f t h Ch isti

e or e ee a ra er o e r an con
i
s c ou sn ess th th ssu c th t t h d mptiv l v f
an e a ra n e a e re e e o e O
G d h d
o a b gi i g but f ms th ss ti l c of His
no e nn n ,
or e e en a ore
th ught f m
o o an .
F it must b g i s id fi mly th t f m t h
or e a a n a r a ro e
o uts t Ch ist l gy h b c t ll d d i spi d xcl u

e r o o as een on r o e an n re e
i l y by
s ve s t i l gic l i t st A d d m pti must
a o er o o a n er e . n re e on
still b t h light f l l
e s i g If t h id f i
e o a our ee n . e ea O n ca r
444 TH E PERSON OF J ESUS CH R I S T
v i si t i n
g u s r ed emp t i v el y
would b e l es sen ed by t h ei r e xi t en ce Th e real
s .
p oi n t , h owev er, i s t h a t c on s i d era t i on s Of q ua n t i t , i n s a ce or t i m e

y p ,
are
t ot al ly i rrel ev a n t i n a d i scu ss i on of i n fin i t e s p i ri t ua l i s su es I f God i s t h e.
Fa t h er re v ea l ed i n J es us , t h e p resum p t i on l i es n ot i n a n t i ci p a ti n g t oo m u ch ,
b ut t oo li t tl e Th e n ot i on t h a t i n carn a t i on i s un wor t h y O f God s d i gn i t y
’
h h
.
i gn ores t h e s u p eri ori t y of t h e m ora l t o t h e p h y si cal , a n d , t oug i t m a y

a
pp ea l t o m i n d s i n un con sci ou s sy m p a t h y wi t h N i et zsch e , e rect s m a t eri a l
m a gn i t ud e i n t o t h e s up re m e cri t er i on of v a l u e I t wa s d e roga t ory t o God
h
.
t o becom e m a n on l y i f th e en d m pl a t ed were l ess t h a n t h e i gh es t

c on t e
good NO on e wh o b el i ev es i n t h e i n carn a t i on woul d O f cou rse d en y t h a t i t

f
.
i s O pp os ed t o comm on s en se bu t com m on s en s e i s a t er a ll on l y a rough

d e p os i t of common ev e n t s h
; w i l e t h e i n car n a t i on , on a ny t h eory of i t, i s
wh ol l y uni q ue T h ese c on s i d era t i on s a re n ot ob sol e t e b ecau s e i n t h e m ain
hy hi
.
t e a re v ery ol d , but t e r coge n cy Ob v i ou s l y res t s on a con cep t i on of
i n carn a t i on d et ermi n ed by i t s rem ed i a l purp os e .

C H AP T E R I X .
T
T H E P RE -E XI S E N CE O F T H E SO N .
m y s f ly b ss t d th t t h id f Ch ist s p ’
I T a a e e a er e a e ea o r re
e xis t c wh it b c m s xplicit i th Ch isti mi d

en e, en e o e e n e r an n ,
d s oe dis ti ctly by w y f i f ti l i t p t ti
so n a O n er e n a n er re a on .
It is l ss c sci us l m t i t h f ith which pp

e a on o e e en n e a a re
h ds s lv ti i J sus th
en a a c c p t i f fl ctiv
on n e an a on e on o re e e
th ght ; t put i t th wis w p dic t it f

ou or o o er e, e re a e o our
L d o ly i vi t u f wh t w l dy k w g di g
or n n r e o a e a r ea no r e ar n
Him ,
s l M di t o d
as o e i dw lli g Lif W e a r an ou r n e n e
. ere
H e but m m i t h w ld t u iqu ly d
on e ore an n e or , no n e an
i c mp bly R d m it w uld t h v ccu d t

n o a ra e ee er , o no a e o rr e o
th e w it s f th N w T st m t i t w uld t ccu
r er o e e e a en — o no o r
to an y w t
on e n o ffi m t h t p i t His t hly li f
— o a r a r or o e ar e
H h d liv d ls wh
e a eHis c e w uld th b d t d
e e re . a reer o en e a e
f m His bi th d t h t t mpt to f His xist c

ro r , an e a e re er e en e
t t ity w uld l ps
o e er n m f t sy If h w v w
o a e as ere an a .
, o e er, e
i sti ctiv ly p l c H i m
n n e th Divi sid f lity
a e on e ne e O rea , as
O ne no t d sti d t b judg d but Hims lf t h Judg of

e ne o e e e e e
quick d d d with S ship t simply ch ism tic

an ea ,
a on no ar a
b t ss t i l t h
u e enth ught f His t l b i g will b
a , e o o e ern a e n e
a p t t f ll wo f its
o lf o It will is Ou bidd i mi ds e . r e n en n our n .
His u iqu ss w sh ll y h its g u d d xpl

n en e , e a sa ,
as ro n an e an a
ti on i u c n t d b i g
n rea e e n .
W h v l dy s e a th t
e a r eaco vi ci g so s een a no n n n r ea n can
LI T E RAT U RE — Lobs t e i n , L a N oti o n de l a p r é exi s ten ce d a F its d c D i e u,

3
18 8 ; B orn em a nn ,
Un ter r i ch t i m Ch r i s t en tu m 2
, 1 8 91 D enn ey , S tud i es i n
Th eol ogy , Gré ti l l a t , E xp ose d e Th eol ogi e S ys tema ti que , 18 8 8 — 90 ;
18 9 4 ;
S ch a ed er, Theoze nt ri sch e T h eol ogi e, 1 9 0 9 ; B ey s ch l ag, N ew Tes ta men t
Theol ogy , 18 95 ; Mob e rl y , A to nement a nd P erso na l i ty, 19 01 ; Mozl ey ,
Rit schl i a n i s m, 1 90 9 .
TH E
b giv
e f d yi g th t J sus Hi m s lf sp k xp ssl y
en or en n a e e o e e re
o f His p t mp l lif But ly t h F u th G sp l

r e- e ora e .
1
on e o r o e
a llud s d fi it ly t th s bj ct d if w m y ssum
e e n e o e u e ,
an , e a a e
th t its p s t ti s
a re f u d d i hist ic f ct th
re en a on a re o n e n or a , ere
is much tt ctiv ss i th sugg sti th t Ch ist s

a ra en e n e e on a r
’
c sci us ss f t l b i g is t much mi isc c

on o ne o e ern a e n no so re n en e
as k wl dg fo m d l wly i His m tu mi d W
no e e r e S o n a re n .
“
e
must m i t i w it s D G vi t h t t h c t ts f
a n a n,
”
r e r . ar e, a e on en o
th c sci us ss f th child J sus g wi g i wisd m

e on o ne O e e ro n n o
an d i f v n with G d d m w
a our t id tic l with o an an ere n o en a
th ec sci us ss of th E t l W d d S th t
on o ne e ern a or an on , a
J sus did t i His t mpo l xist c m mb th

e no n e ra e en e re e er e
ci cumst c s d c diti s f His p t mp l st t

r an e an on on o re - e ora a e .
It is si mply imp ssibl t im gi c c iv o e o a ne or on e e a
c ti uity f s lf c sci us ss f m W d
on n o e S -
i on o ne ro or or on n
p i
re- n c t st t th ough
ar n a e t h m m t f i
a e c ti r e o en o n a rn a on ,
t h d v l pi g
e e d xp di g mi d f t h b y
e o n an d y uth e an n n o e o an o
t o th m tu ity f t h m J sus W must m i t i

e a r O e an e . e a n a n
th t t h c sci u s ss of t l l ti
a e on oS to t h
ne e ern a re a on as on e
F tha W d t t h w ld m g d i t h c sci us
e r, a s or o e or , e er e n e on o
ne ss of J sus i th c u s f His hist y d i His

e n e o r e o or ,
an n
t mp l c diti its t l p s t d its lf

e ora on on
p e ern a r e en e e as a re
t mp o l f m I d p d t f hist y it is p s t d
e ra or . n e en en o or re r e en e
as p i t hist y
r or oThis h t h d t g f bli g
or .
” 2
as e a va n a e o en a n
us t g d p xist c
o re ar p f u dly ligi us
r e-e en e as a ro o n re o
th ught f J s u s w mi d
o or sp cte xp ssi ’
o n n — an a e or e re on
o f His w ss th t H w c ct d with t h F th
a a r en e a e as onn e e e a er
by b ds t which tim w i l v t Th bs lut ss

on o e as rre e an . e a o en e
o f th l ti i v lv d its t ity A H g w d
e re a on n o e e er n . s e re an
st gth d t h co sci us ss of G d
ren en e , F th ls
e n o ne o as a er a o
g w d fill d His wh l mi d ; d w m y b li v
re an e o e n an e a e e e
th t tim c m t l st wh t h s s f this i d fi bly

a a e a e a a en e en e O n e na
p f u d c cti b c m xplicitly wh t it h d lw ys
ro o n on n e on e a e e a a a a
b p t ti lly cl p c pti f t h u i f S
ee n o en a — a ea r er e on O e n on o on
with F th i c t d u b gi i g This is still

a er as n rea e an n e nn n .
i sp ctiv f t h fu th qu sti wh th t h disti ct

rre e e o e r er e on e er e n
c on sci us ss f His t ity w v uchs f d ly i

o ne o e ern as o a e on n
1 2
Cf . sup ra , p p 29 , 10 6
. . S tud i es , etc . 8 5-8 6 .
448 PERSON OF J ESUS CH R I S TTH E
Ch ist is b th t h Divi Ag t i c ti
r o d th e ne en n re a on an e
u ifyi g p i cipl f fi it b i g O c t i vi w of
n n r n e o n e e n . n a er a n e
Ch ist this is d ubt m m d ss If H is but

r ,
no o ere a ne . e on e
o f th i u m bl w v s t h
e nn f h ume ra lif i ki g e a e on e s ea O an e, S n n
as i t os v ic which sou d d f th its m ss g d

r e, a o e n e or e a e an
f ll t sil c to sp k of His c smic f u cti

e o en e, d ea o n on an
sig ific c m y w ll s m
n an e m t h th d vout a e ee no ore an e e
s ymb lism f u i st uct d f cy O t h th h d

o o an n n r e an . n e o er an ,
if w h ld Him t b th o g isi g c t f th t w ld
e o o e e r an n en r e o a or
O f v l u s by which f it h liv s
a e d i which it h its a e ,
an n as
b i g th w m y gu
e n ,
en ,t m ly is it c c iv bl
e a ar e, no e re on e a e
th t H hould b c t l ls i t h w ld of f cts but

a e S e e n ra a o n e or a ,
th tw
e thi gs if th is u ltim t ly si gl u iv s
o n — er e a e a n e n er e
—a r e i h tly d i diss ci bly li k d tog th
n e ren an n o a n e e er .
R d mpti
e e d c ti c stitut
on anpi itu l u ity rea on on e a S r a n .
C tio is co summ t d i d mpti which t l g

re a n n a e n re e on , a on
l st discl s s t h p i cipl which h b

a o e p tiv de r n e as een O era e an
c t lli g i ch succ ssiv p i d f c smic d v l p

on r o n n ea e e er o o o e e o
m t If p f ct l v m v d m ds t u mut lity
en . er e o e, oreo er, e an a r e ua
of givi g d c ivi g n cip c l p s l imm c

an re e n ,
a re ro a er on a an en e
o f lif it m y e, s bly b h ld th t F th S sh ip i
a rea on a e e a a er - on s
th ultim t Divi
e lity f which d th ugh which
a e n e rea ,
o an ro
an d t which o ll thi gs ; d th t t h u i v s a re f a n an a e n er e o
c t d b i g wh th physic l
r ea e e n pi itu l t h sph
, e er a or S r a —
e ere ,
th t is f th cipi t d t h sp siv h S ship

a ,
o e re en an e re on e— as on
f or its d p st g u d d m tiv p w so ship i m

ee e ro n an o e- o er, n n an
thus f mi g t h fi it fl x d p oduct f E t l
or n e n e re e an r o ern a
S ship i
on G d M y h v n f lt th t t h c smic o . an a e e a e o
Ch ist l gy f t h p stl s i t p t d
r o o o th s li s e a o e ,
n er re e on e e ne ,
t ds t l s its li sp ct d g i s s cu h ld
en o o e a en a e an a n a e re o on
i t llig c It is i t p t bl
n e en e .sugg sti g t imply n er re a e as e n no S
th t Ch ist w v l d
a r Divi by His x lt ti
,
no re ea e as ne e a a on ,
m u st h v b Divi f m b f a e l l w lds but

e en ls ne ro e ore a or , a o
th t G d h p g ssiv ly st mp d His w ss ti l
a o as ro r e e a e o n e en a
ch ct a ra His w km ship m ovi g u pw d i His

er on or an ,
n ar n
w k t fi d t l gth i m
or o n d qu t i m g d
a en n an an a e a e a e an
t u child wh i f
r e b di c,
pp h d sw
o n r ee O e en e c an . a re en ,
an er,
an d p duc th E t l Lov which s ks him S w

re ro e e ern a e ee . O e
TH E OB J ECTI ON F ROM HI S T ORY 449
c tch sight of t w g t thi gs fi st p t ti l b sis

a o rea n : r ,
a o en a a
for i c ti si c hum
n a rn a tu is thus fili l i its
on , n e an na re a n
f m tiv id
or a d th f c p bl of c ivi g th S
e ea a n ere or e a a e re e n e on
in mi ti ; s c
sen s u dly th i t i sic bl ss f
e nen e on , e n r n no en e O
hu m ity F wh t must b t h ki ship d lik ss

an . or a e e n an en e
b tw G dh d d m h od wh i t t h f il v hicl
e e en o ea an an o en n o e ra e e
o f lif th t w d us t su could b p u d !
ou r e a on ro rea re e o re
C iticism u f v u bl t th id of Ch ist s p
r n a o ra e o e ea r
’
re
e xist c h m v d b dly sp ki g
en e as tw m i
o e li s
,
roa ea n , on o a n ne
-t h hist ic l
e d t h c c ptu l
or a an e on e a .
( ) Du iag t h l st t w
r nd c d s schol s eh v l b u
a d o e a e , ar a e a o re
z l usly t t h i v stig ti f p i ts i t h c t mp y
ea o a e n e a on o o n n e on e orar
re ligi us th ught of P l sti

o o d Al x d i t which a e ne an e an r a o
b li f i th t ity f Ch ist might b f st d d it

e e n e e er n O r e a en e ,
an
is ssum d th t v y m d t succ ss i this s ch

a e a er o e ra e e n ear
en titl s u s t disc u t t h p st lic th ught

e o th
o n e a o o o as e
na tu l but bs l t
ra sult f l igi us sy c tism
O o e e re O re o n re .
H ck pl ds th t c t i J wish p c lyps w it s
a r na
1
ea a er a n e a o a e- r er
h d c m t
a o ss t p xist c f th M ssi h I th t
e o a er r e -e en e o e e a . n a
a g it
e w cus t m y
as t xp ss t h op c liar v lu f o e re e e u ar a e o a
p s er on thi g by disti guishi g withi it ss c d

or n n n n e en e an
a pp c hyp st tisi g t h fi st d th lif ti g it

ea ra n e , o a n e r ,
an en n
i t sh t sc d c bov th limits f sp c d
n o ee r ra n en en e a e e o a e an
tim eN t
. ly w o g t m c dit d with p
on er e r ea en re e re
e xist c such Ad m E ch
en e, M s s but v
as th a ,
no , or o e , e en e
t b cl t h t mpl d t h t bl s f th Divi l w
a er n a e, e e e, a n e a e O e ne a .
Th eid i h t w ea , n which p i mitiv Ch isti ity

S or ,
as on e r e r an
f u d dy m d d which tu lly it utilis d t t

o n rea - a e, an na ra e o se
f th th du i g v lu d f lt myst y f J sus p s ;
or e en r n a e an e er O e
’
er on
o th c c pti s such
er on esup tu l bi th d t h
on as ern a ra r an e
i c ti
n a rn a f th W d b i g m pl y d f t h s m
on o e or e n e o e or e a e
pu p s r o e .
Th t its si m il ity t
a p i id must disc dit t h
ar o a r or ea re e
Ch isti b li f c uld ly b c c d d
r an e e o th obvi us ly on e on e e on e o
t
un en a bl ssu mpti th t t u id is v p i d
e a on a no r e ea e er rov en
t i ll y p p
a df re It m y w ll b th t c t i cu t
a re or . a e e a er a n rr e n
1
D ogmen geschi ch te“
,
i . 115— 19 .
4 50 TH E PERSON OF J ES US CH R I S T
J wish th l g m
e p t d by s gg sti j u st
eo o ou ena o era e u e on , as
G k id s f i c ti m d w y f subli m thoughts
re e ea o n arn a on a e a or er
c ct d with J sus B t such p ssibiliti s which

on n e e e . u o e , a re
t t b d id m xpl i St P ul s ch ct istic ’
no o e en e ,
no ore e a n . a a ra er
us g f p xist c y i P h 2 th I M m i m
a e O re -e en e, sa n , an n e or a
is xpl i d by t h f ct th t v y w d f u d i t h
e a ne e a a e er or o n n e
p m xist d p vi usly i t h dicti y I th J wish

oe e e re o n e on ar . n e e
c c pti s b th y wh t th y m y th is th i g
on e on ,
e e a e a , er e no n
c sp di g t t h thi l f ct f p t mp l Divi
o rre on n o e e ca a o re - e ora ne
s lf ifi whi h l
e -s a cr g g s th p stl s tt ti
ce , c a on e en a e e a o e
’
a en on .
Ap t f m this h w v
ar ro w b u d t k wh t h
,
o e er, e a re o n o as e er
H ck is ight t his f cts D l m

a rn a r u iv ll d
as o a . a an , an nr a e
a uth ity h d i d mph tic lly th t g

or ,
as en e l b li f e a a a a e n era e e
i p
n xist c w
re -e J wish ch ct is tic ; B
en e as t d a e a ra er ou sse an
h e,i d d l v it v y qu sti bl wh th t h ld
n ee , ea e er e on a e e er e o er
R bbi ism ss t d
a n ythi g m th th p xist c
a er e an n or e an e re -e en e
f t h M ssi h s But i y c s Ch isti

’
O e m e a th na e . n an a e e r an
an d t h J wish c c pti s h v p p ly
e e s mbl c
on e on a e ro er n o re e an e .
I R bbi is m t h c l sti l
n a n ch typ is ly d bl f e e e a ar e e on a ou e o
th e thly bj ct ; i th N w T st m t t h v y
ear O e n e e e a en , e er
sig t u f Ch ist l gy is t h f ith th t t h Divi S

na re o r o o e a a e ne on
p ss d f m gl y t humili ti ; d it is m i ccu cy
a e ro or o a on an ere na ra
to sa y th t th s id s a q uiv l t e e l g us th t ea a re e a en , or a n a o o , or a
on e O f th m su ffi c s t xpl i t h th
e Wh t is ss t d
e o e a n e o er . a a er e
O f J sus g s f e b y d ll p vi us ss ti s t h
oe ar e on a re o a er on : e
l m ts f th id
e e en O w d c mbi d i
e ea w a re ne an a re o ne n ne
w ys N t o ly ; it is
a . o thi g t sp cul t f ly
n so on e n o e a e r ee
on
p xist c i
re -e t h bst ct
en d quit
e th
n t e a ra an e ano er o
b li v i t h t l lity f p cific P s with

e e e n e e er n a rea o a S e er on ,
wh m t h sp k s h d liv d i t h m st i ti m t ss ci
o e ea er a e n e o n a e a o a
ti on This l st is ly xplic bl by
. a v wh lmi g on e a e an o er e n
re ligi s i m p ssi
ou re on .
( )
b M f qu tly h w
ore v bj cti s
re h v enst d , o e er , O e on a e re e
on g ds f th y Thus Rit h l f m t h st dp i t
rou n o eor . sc ,
ro e an o n
o f t h l gic l p si t i ism h
eo o i sist d th t th p dic t f
a o v ,
as n e a e re a e o
d eity is p plic bl ly t Ch ist s thly lif

a a e th
on o r
’
ear e, on e
p i cipl th t th l gy must t k h w th p s f
r n e a eo o no as o e er on o
Ch ist d iv s f m G d h com t p ss ss its f l t

r er e ro o , or as e o o e e
452 PERSON O J ESUS CH R I S T
THE F
W dt h ls c t d d th t it is imp ssibl t
en as a o on en e
1
a o e o
m i t i th p s l p x st c f Ch ist Wi th ut
a n a n e e r on a re -e i en e O r o
f lli g i t T ith ism t ll v ts if with W st t di

a n n o r e ,
a a e en e ern ra
ti w i t p t th t l b i g f th S
on e n er re i v lvi g
e e ern a e n O e on a s n o n
full qu lity with th F th

e a W m y ch s t e a er . e a oo e o c on
s v t h Divi u ity by g di g th t l W d
er e e ne n re ar n e e e rn a or or
S on a s ess ti lly Divi b t t p s l

en a p s l n e, u no e r on a , or as er on a ,
b u t t p p ly Divi
no roTo c mbi th two is f t l
er ne . o ne e a a .
It w cks m th ism by i t duci g plu lity i G d

re on o e n ro n ra n o .
N t o ly ; b t p xist c is i c mp tibl with J sus

on so u re -e en e n o a e e
’
S pi itu l lif
r a m F th w h uld h v t
e as an . or en e S o a e o con
i
ce v e th p s l L g s h vi g b u it d i Him
e er on a o o as a n een n e n
with c mpl t hum lifa o du lis m which m k s

e e an e— a a a e a
t thic l xp i c imp ssibl Th s c d bj cti

r ue e a e er en e o e . e e on O e on
h as l dy b d lt with A g ds th fi st it is
a re a ee n ea . s re a r e r ,
pl i th t W dt s gum t is v lid ly t h
a n a en
’
ar mp en a on on e a ss u
ti th t t h L g s S c c i d
on a e t l is
o o or on , on e ve as e ern a ,
a
p s i t h usu l cc pt t i
e r on n P ss g s m y
e a q a e a on . a a e a un u es
ti bl y b f u d i oth wis g d w it s
on a e o n th n T i ity er e oo r er on e r n
which justify th ssumpti by th i iv ly

e a on , e r na e u n con
sci us d f c f T i t h ism But it is sh t gl ct t h

o e en e o r e . ra o ne e e
f m u s c uti f Augusti
a o a Di t m
on o t T P ne : c u es ,
r es er sona e,
n on t di u t d t t
cer e u r , I lity th w d
se ne a cer e u r .
2
n rea ,
e or
“
p s er on is f c d up u s by t h p v ty f l gu g
”
or e on e o er o an a e .
Si c n b tt ff s w mpl y it t m k
e no e er o erb li f i
, e e o o ar ou r e e n
a l disti c ti withi t h G dh d
rea n on diff ti ti n e o ea — a er en a on
O f b i g e n f cti ; t t ffi m t h
or un lity f i d
on no o a r e r ea O n e
p d t c scious b i gs qu lifi d by s p t
en en on ss c s
e n ,
a e e ara e e en e .
”
Th t l p i cipl
e e ern a disti c t i to which th f ct f
r n e or n on e a O
Ch ist f s us w d sig t S
r re er L g s E ch f
,
e e na e on or o o . a o
th s t ms h dv t g s ; ch
e e er asl ss cl ly h
a an a e ea no e ea r as
g v d f cts L g s
ra e e e d ubt v ids t h sugg sti
“
o o
”
no o a o e e on
o f p s i th s s of i dividu lity s s which

“
er on
”
n e en e n a ,
a en e
it is quit c t i p e did t b till l g ft it

er a n ersona no ea r on a er
h d b c m
a t mi
e o t h ie a f T i it i ism
er n us S ec n cu s o r n a r an . on ,
h w v is v m
o e er, tt ctiv i smuch it k ps
e en ore a ra e, na as ee ou r
m 1
2
ff
S yste d er ch r i s tl i ch en L eh re, 3 6 8 .
D e Tr i n . v. 10 .
Is T HE PERSON ? 4 5 3
P RE -E X I ST E NT ON E A
mi d fi mly t t h thic l d pi itu l pl

n r a f t h ght
e e a an S r a ane O ou ,
i t h f ith th t m
n e al l ti ships f l v f t ust f
a ora re a on ,
o o e, o r , o
O b di ce en e ,t st g t th i
a re n o lif f d i ty but ra n e o e n n er e o e ,
fi d th
n b th t l b sis d p f ct lis ti
er e o a n e ern a a an a er e re a a on .
Also it p vid s th t c c pti of th E t l S

ro e a our on e on e ern a on
sh ll t i t u c ti uity with th Ch ist f hist y

a re a n a r e on n e r o or ,
t whom t h m S p i m ily b l gs A f ”
o e na e on r ar e on . s ar a s
no m cl tu is c c d M b ly bs v s th w ds
en a re on er n e , o er o er e , e or
‘
F th a d S er xp ss m st p i m ily d m st
’
an on
’
e re o r ar an o un
s v dly t h l ti b tw
r e er e th e Et l d th
re a on e ee n e ern a an e
I c t b tw G d G d d G d m ; d
n a rn a e , e een o as o an o as an an
l g usly t h th p im ily i dim sugg sti

an a o o ra er an r ar , n e on
ra th th di ctly th s t l l ti s which
er an re , o e e er n a re a on ar e
h dly c p bl f y th th
ar a a i di c t d l g us
e o an o er an an n re an ana o o
e xp ssi re Thus W d t m y b sw d ; but th

on .
” 1
en a e an ere e
an sw l t it b c c d d f kly is
er, e which f m t h
e on e e ra n ,
on e ro e
na tu f th c s c
re o t b md e lly c g t
a e a nn o e a e r ea o en or con
i i g; f
v nc n th lm f discussi h is such th t w
or e re a o on er e a e
h v to sis t fi mly t h t m pt ti t l y
a e re r u du e e a on o a an n e
c ud ss f mph sis
r en e th s sp cts f it which w
o e a on o e a e o e
l st c mp h d W m y i d d ( d must ) th w
ea o re en . e a n ee an ro
b cka mi ds by p stul t f m t h d t f d mptiv

ou r n ,
o a e, ro e a a O re e e
hist y t t c d t li t i s f
or o an e e t l d ; but en rea e o an e ern a or er
this do s t u th is us t m u t up i t th t
e no a or d e o o n n o a ra re an
high d m i d xp ti t
o a n t l g i
an t sc d c e a a e a ar e n a r an en en e
which h l st t uch with c t lli g f cts

as o o on r o n a .
But t this it m y h pli d Y u g t h p

o a e re e : ou r e e re
e xist c f Ch ist b c us
en e o y h ld thi g ls
r , e a e, as ou o ,
no n e e or
l ss
e sig li s t h m v ll us xhibiti f d mi g
ca n na e e ar e o e on o re ee n
lov impli d i His b i g h

e e t lln Y k w th e n er e a a .
“
e no e
g c f
ra e O L d J sus Ch ist th t th ugh H w
ou r or iche r ,
a o e er e r ,
y t f
e yu sk H bcm p
or o r ia v s lik this
e e e a e oor — n a er e e ,
so O ft qu t d with mph sis th is su ly littl

en o e e a ,
er e re e or no
sig ific c l ss th p xist t O is

n an e un e p s e r e -e en ne a er on , a
s lf i t h usu l c t ti
e
”
n Is t th p stl simply
e a onn o a on . no e a o e
p cl imi g th t t h J sus Ch ist w k w st p d d w

ro a n a e e r e no oo e o n
i
n g c t s v t h l st ? H w
ra e o a this b if th
e e o o can e, e
1
Atonement a nd P erson al i t y, 213 .
4 54 ERSO N OF J ESUS CH R I S T TH E P
Et l S is t p s i i dp d tc t
“
ern a on no a er on , . e. an n e en en e n re
of s lf c sci us ss
e - on d s lf d t mi ti o N w p t
ne an e -
e er na on o —
a ar
f m t h c sid ti th t subtl p bl ms f th y w
ro e on e ra on a e ro e o e or e re
no t b f th p stl i t m y s bly b h ld th t
e ore e a o e— a r ea on a e e a
wh th Ch is ti mi d g t fully sp ds t t h l v
en e r an n ra e re on o e o e
exh ibit d i t h i c ti it is t c c d t m i t i
e n e n a rn a on , no on e rn e o a n a n
th t this Divi p ssi f s lf b g ti w f lt d

a ne a on o e -a ne a on as e ,
an
exp ss d i t by th p xist t O
re e n ac
p t
, e re -e en ne as a se a r a e
i d i i d li ty
n v E ugh t h t t h m if st ti
ua . f l v w no a e an e a on O o e as
a m if st ti f D i i l v sublim d v wh l m i g ;
an e a on O v ne o e, e an o er e n
e nough th t t h s c ific u d g a p i t Ch ist s e a r e n e r on e r or o r

’
a dv t t k pl c wi t hi G d s v y b i g d th t t
en oo a e n o
’
er e n ,
an a ou
f t h Di i lif ful ss t l v s b h st H c m f th ’
o e v ne e- ne ,
a o e e e , e a e or
wh m i t h fi lds f tim w k w J sus Fu th

o n e e O e e no as e . r e r,
it must b m mb d th t f ith e re l ss th th l gy
e e re a a no e an eo o
re v lts f m T i t h ism H c it must

o ro th r
p e . en e see e re
i c t O i G d t l gsid f G d t
n a rn a e ne n o , no a on e o o ,
no as an
en tity t b k w o d pp ci t d i bst cti f m

e no n an a re a e n a ra on ro
G d o Th us i
. pu ly ligi us i t st it is qu lly
n a re re o n e re e a
m isl di g t g d th t l S m im “ ”
ea n o re ar e e ern a on as a e re
p s l lw f c
er on a p i cipl a th or h d d or e or r n e on e on e an ,
an
on th th e i d p d t Di i i dividu lity
o er as an n e en en v ne n a .
N t f m o y w t
ro i si i t mys
an t i s b t u d a n on n t ru on n o er e u n er
th e c ssity f b ki g il f w d sig t H i m
ne e o re a n s en ce
p
e e na e an
t l p s l md
e er n a dis t i cti wi thi t h
e r on a s lf o e or n on n e on e e
c sci us lif f G d
on o e O o .
fug f m th s p pl xiti s h b s ught by

A re e ro e e er e e as een o
num us m d thi k s i t h c c pti of i d l p

e ro o er n n er n e on e on ea re
exist c Th wen tim wh Ch ist w

e .
1
t i e re as no e en r as no n
th F th s pu p s H is ld t h s vi g l v f
e a er
’
r o e . e as o as e a n o e O
G d ; His missi
o mb ci g lif d d th d t iumph on , e ra n e an ea an r ,
f m d t lly i t g l d c di l l m t f t h
or e e e rn a an n e ra an ar na e e en O e
1
Th e i d ea l p re -ex i s t en ce h as b een cri t i ci se d as t h ough i t
con cep t i on of
s i m p l y mea n t t a t C ri s t
p re h h
-e x i s t s i n God as t h eorem s rel a t i n
g t o t h e ci rcl e
d o i n i t s d e fi n i t i on B u t t hi s i s m i sl ead i n g I t i gn ores t h e el em e n t o f
h h h h h
. .
r ed ee mi n g Wi ll w hi c is cen t ra l i n th e C ri s t i a n t oug t of God , and wh i c

h as n ot h i ng corres p on d i n g t o i t i n th e sp h ere O f m a t h ema t i cs .
456 PERSON O J ESUS CH R I S T
TH E F
ltd
re a e t l f ct t t h wi ll f G d
as an e er n ath a , o e o o — as e
tim l ss obj ct f His p duci g d sust i i g l v

e e e o ro n an a n n o e .
Th th ght
e d will f G d c
ou t b c c iv d s v
an o o an n o e on e e a e as
imp ti g lity t Ch ist O t put it th wis t h

ar n re a o r . r, o o er e, e
F tha v l d i th S c t b th ught fully

er re ea e n e on an n o e o as
r eal i bst cti f m th S i wh m l

n a ra w on ro e on n o a on e e
a pp h d Him
re en .
By s m c t thi k s th co c pti of
o e re en L ds n er e n e on our or
’
p xist
r e -e c h b end fi d e i st ict ss ly
as ee n e ne as n r ne on a
C b g ifi
r en z e r c c p t i th t is i dic tiv f lity
”
a on e on , a ,
n a e o r ea
lyi g just c ss t h bo d li f
n a ro k wl dg y t e r er - n e o our no e e, e
l omi g us i d fi bl y it w
o n on t f p um b l
n e na ,
as er e, ou o en ra
mists It ffi ms K im h put it th t th hist ic

. a r ,
as as ,
“
a e or
Ch ist h t lly c t l d u iv s l pl c i G d s
r a s e ern a a en ra an n er a a e n o
’
s vi g pu p s d th t t h c t t f His lif i His

a n r o e, a n a e on en o e— . e .
h lyo d mi g l v is o t d i G d d b l gs t
re ee n o e— r o e n o an e on o
th e t l c t t f G d s t sc d t lif H c
e er n a on e n O o
’
ra n en en e . en e ,
h p c ds it w b tt t p k f t h p h i t i
“
e ro ee , ere e er o S ea O e su ra — s or c
ch ct f th v l ti giv i Ch ist th f t h
ara er O e re e a on en n r an O e
p hi t i
r e- xist c f Ch i St with th F th
s or c e This
en e o r e a er .
” 1
p ticul G b g ifl it is c t d d is id l
ar ar r en z e r p
’
,
on en e , an ea c on ce
ti pl c d
on th v y limits f hu m c g i t i
a e on d e er o an o n on an
e m pl y d i o s lf d f c by th b li vi g mi d it
e n e -
e en e e e e n n as
st iv s t c s v t th utm st t h imp ssi f

r e o on er e o e o e re on o un
sp k bl Divi l v v uchs f d t us i Ch ist I

ea a e ne o e o a e o n r . n
o th w ds p xist c is symb l N w th t th
er or ,
r e -e en e a o . o ,
a e
t l b i g f Ch ist if k w t l l is k w by f ith
e e rn a e n o r ,
no n a a ,
no n a
an d i f ith n ly will t c b c c d d O th th
a on ,
a on e e on e e . n e o er
h d symb ls h v
an , l m i g ; if f ith p ks to us f
o a e rea ea n n a S ea o
Ch ist s p xist c b t h l gu g
r
’
re —e symb lic i t
en e , e e an a e as o as
m y it sp ks f it
a , l Th bj ct symb lic lly
ea o as r ea . e O e o a
c c iv d li s it is t u
on e e th f th id f t st i l
e ,
r e , on e ar er S e o erre r a
k wl dg but i this sp ct it s mbl s l l th th

no e e, n re e re e e a e o er
t sc d t bj cts f which f ith is su g t h p s t

ra n en en O e o a re, e . . e re en
s v ig ty f Ch ist It th f
o er e n O pp s th t t h r . ere ore a ear a e con
ce p ti f on G bg fO wh th ughly l u cid t d
a r enz e r i , en oro e a e ,
i dic t s th t t h
n a e l bj ct dim ly g sp d i
a e rea O e ra e n our n eces ~
1
D ogma ti k3 , 10 7 .
D I FF I C ULTI E S OF TH E C ON CE P T I ON 457
sa ri l y sy m b lic f ms is i o s s m pti or p n no en e e er or oor er
th ant h symb l but like ll t sc d t f cts i Ch is

o , ,
e a ra n en en a n r
ti ani t y i fi it ly m ,
n ich d full
n e or e r an .
I th n light f th s discussi s w
e d hv
O e e on , e n ee a e no
h sit ti i c f ssi g th t t h p xist c f Ch ist

e a on n on e n a e r e -e en e O r
outst ips r f culty of c c pti

our a d th t th tic on e on , a n a no e ore
re fi m ts lt this i t h v y l st N t m ly
ne en a er n e er ea . o er e are
w f c d h
e a e by t h imp ssibility f b h ldi g t h lif
ere e o o e o n e e
of G d o its i w d id which m s th t th ught is

on n ar S e, ean a o
w ki g lt g th p t f m xp i c b u t i dditi
or n a o e er a ar ro e er en e n a on
w e cou t
en c m n er th h u ti g d i s lubl
on e or e e a n n an n o e
en igm f tim a o ultim t ly l t d to t i ty A d

e as a e re a e e ern . n
o th t l ss f mid bl
er n o difficulti s m i W c t
e or a e e re a n . e a nn o
thi k t ity c ud ly
n e er n q ui v l t t tim with ut
r e as e a en o e o
b gi i g d with ut d ; d t h ch l gic l qu lity

e nn n an o en an e r on o o a a
O f p xist c is th f f t l to its d qu cy
r e -e en e er e or e a a a e a as a
fi l c h t p s t ti
na or o er enf wh t hyp th i is
re r e en a on o a ,
etc o es ,
a b v tim Ch ist c t ft l l b p xist t i y

o e e . r a nn o a er a e r e -e en n an
s s xc pt th t i which G d Hims l f is so l tiv ly t

en e e e a n o e re a e o
th i c ti ; d
e n arn a i sti ctiv
on f ant l our n n e u se o
“
e ern a as
th e pith t b fitti g G d sugg sts th t t h id w wish

e e e n o e a e ea e
to c v y g di g Ch ist ho uld ls b xp ss d by
on e re ar n r S a o e e re e
th et ms t i ty er sup t m p lity Ag i
“
e ern
”
or
“
ra - e ora .
”
a n,
wh w p k f t h p xist t O wh t is l gici s
en e S ea O e r e-e en n e, a ,
as o an
sa y t h , subj ct e f disc u s eW h p xists

O ? N t t h o r e o r e -e o e
hist ic J sus x ctly

or e H is k w i, e th a G sp ls as e no n n e o e .
Th e Chu ch h v ffi m d th t t h hum ity f

r as ne er a r e a e an o
Ch ist wr l p i to th bi th i B thl h m ; d if
as rea r or e r n e e e an ,
as must b dmitt d c t i p st li c st t m ts i t
e a e ,
er a n a o o a e en , n er
p t
re e d p i d d au l l tt h v e t h pp e c ofas yi g e r e, a e e a e a ra n e a n
quit th pp sit it must b c sid d th t this w

e e O o e, e on er e a as
i vit bl i t h c s of m usi g t h i t s ly co c t
ne a e n e a e en n e n en e n re e
l gu g f l igi
an a e o t th c ldly c ct ph s l gy f
re on , n o e o orre ra eo o o
th esch ls N i th oo .w imply q u t t h p
e er can e S e a e e re
t m p l O with t h x lt d L d f i c tio
e or a ne e e a e or , or n a rn a n as
such m s th t th s t w s t t s
ea n a s p t d by e e o e a e ar e e a ra e a
v st d mptiv t f s lf hu m ili ti i i t i t d
a re e e ac th o e - a on , n a e on e
Divi sid f lity Th s

ne e O f w of t h p pl xiti s
rea . e e ar e a e e er e e
4 58 TH E PERSO N OF J ESUS CH R I S T
by which w m t i th fi t t e d iv f m hist y
are e n e e
’
or o er e ro or
th c t t f t h P xist t ”
e on en o e r e-e en .
W h v th t c c d th t t h id
e a e f p xist c
en o on e e a e ea O r e—e en e
is imp f ct m s f p s ti g t ity i f ms f
an er e ea n o re re en n e e rn n or o
tim A d if p bl ms
e . b ffli g g th
n u d it t h
ro e SO a n a er ro n , e
p t m p l b i g f t h S c t su ly b d tu m
re - e or a e n o e on an n o re e a a
f f ith p t f th m ss g th t is which w h ld
or a — ar o e e a e, a , e o
f t h v g lists with t h h p f c ti g f it h wh
or as e an e e o e o rea n a er e
as y t it d s
e t xist ; it must th b c ll y
oe no e ra er e a oro ar or
implic t t which c sci u s f ith giv s is It is I

a e o on o a e r e .
,
b li v t h o ght f which f lly c sci u s Ch isti b l i f

e e e, a u o u on o r an e e
will t c s t t b d p iv d but t l st th l gy c t
no on en o e e r e ,
a ea eo o an n o
st t f m i t Th qu sti l t it b t d is
ar ro .
1
t f e e on , e e no e ,
on e n o o
t g ism but f d
an a on It h uld b cl th t wh th O or er . S o e ear a e er
w c t disc imi t b tw
e can or l m ts u it d t
an n o r na e e een e e en n e o
f m Ch ist s p s
or t l st thr
’
is dm i sibl
er on , a ea ere no a s e
p i t f d p tu but t h giv
o n o e liti s f f ct C h ist
ar re e en r ea e O a . r
i t h N w T st m t is
n e e t mi ds w ll
e a en n e a r er o our n ,
as e as
m fu d m t l f
or e ligi th
n a
y p i
en a p t ci s or re on , an an r or o en e
out of which H s D t il d sp cul ti s th e ro e . e a e e a on on e
p i c t lif lik p f ss d] y mi ut d sc ipti s f t h

r e- n a rn a e e, e ro e e n e e r on O e
Divi s lf c sci us ss b t y i f ct culp bly G stic

ne e — on o ne , e ra n a a a no
t d cy d
en en p t t d
, i t
anh suspici th t wh
are a o en n e on a en
onc w h v p t t d t th t l G dh d l t t i
e e a e en e ra e o e e ern a o ea a en n
J s s t h hum
e u , d t mp el f cts f His c an ls an e or a a o ar eer o e
m th h lf th i v lu A p t st g i st this w
or e an a e r a e . s a ro e a a n , e
ca n ev pp ci t t h f m us m k f H m
en a re a ei e a o re ar o err an n , n a
c f c t E is ch wh h b d his udi c t
on er en e a en a , en e a e a en e ur n
f m sp cul ti
ro th subj ct of p xist c wit h
e a on on e e r e -e en e
“
h ts c ld i
ea r as o as ce .
”
v th l ss i b th c s s th t f t h Divi s lf
Ne er e e n o a e — a O e ne e
co sci us ss d th t f Ch ist s p xist c Ch isti

n o ne an a o r
’
r e-e en e— r an
i t llig c p d i g
n e its d t will lw ys i sist I m
en e on er n on a a a a n ,
a
c vi c d
on p st ul ti g t h i ff bl
n e , on lity It is o a n e ne a e r ea .
ess ti l to c ll ct th t wh t t h N w T st m t ffi ms
en a re o e a a e e e a en a r
1
Cf H errma n n , D i e Rel i gi on i m Verh a l tn i s cu m Wel terlcenn en und
ff
.
S i ttl i chkei t, 3 99, 4 38 .

4 60 PERSON OF J ESUS CH R I S T
THE
imp f ctly symb lis it ; d if Ch ist h th ligi u

er e o e an r as e re o s
v lu f G d
a e O o lly d t mi t h ultim t
,
no on e can r ea e er ne e a e
l ti f this p ctic l ligi us sup m cy this qu lity

re a on o ra a re o re a — a
o f b i g m e n lly i disti gui h bl f m G d t t h

ora n n s a e ro o — o e
u k w
n no d i cc ssibl
n an lif f G d such I
na e e e o o as . n an
ar gum t of this ki d how v it is t much f gott

en n , e er, oo or en
th t v l ti
a — re d f i t h b i g vit l co
e a on a nl t s p ti l a e n a rr e a e —
a ar a
an d c diti d v l ti
on on e v vok m th re e a on can ne er e e ore an a
p ti l d c diti d f ith A d this b i gs us t t h

ar a an on on e a . n r n o e
cr uci l p i t
a o n .
It will t b s i usly qu sti d th t th chi f gl y

no e er o e on e a e e or
o f t h Ch isti e ligi is its ch ct istic c c pti f

r an re on ara er on e on O
t h Divi l v G d s l v i Ch ist is t iumph tly t ’

e ne o e . o o e n r r an se
f th
or s m thi g i fi it
as o d m su l ss
e But is it
n n n e an ea re e .
r ea lly p t f m Ch ist s t ity ? Is it t h f ct

SO, a ar ro r
’
e e rn e a ,
His t ity c d i d th t w c t im gi
e e rn on e en e ,
a e an n o a ne a
v st xhibiti of Divi m cy to t h w ld ? If i
a er e on ne er e or n
Ch ist w h v s m thi g l ss th
r e a e God s p s c d o e n e an
“ ’
re en e an
His v y s lf b c us H g ws
er e ,
”
th il f hu m
e a e e ro on e So O an
na tu imply h um it is su ly cl th t t h sc l
re , a s S an , re ear a e a e
on which t h l f th Et e l h b m d m if st
ov e o e e rn a as een a e an e
is w g v ly lt d W h v som h w t b idg
no ra e a er e . e a e e o o a r e
our on c gl ious vi i f s lf i fi
e or t h i m st c s on O e -sa cr
ce as e n o ore
an d f cus of t h Divi
o lif It is t th t G d c t
e ne e . no a o a nn o
b k w
e no L v p t f m His i c ti i Ch ist T
n as o e a ar ro n a rn a on n r . o
sa y w SOld b f ls
ou But it is t f ls
e t y t ha t p t e . no a e o sa a a ar
f m t h gif t f Ch ist t f
ro
“
e t l b i g G ds l v
o r ou o a n e e rn a e n , o
’ “
o e
w uld t b displ y d m zi gly i f m d m g itu d

o no e a e so a a n ,
n a or an a n e
which i spi w d v wh l m th s ul A Ch ist wh

n re , a e , an o er e e o . r o
is t l d Ch ist f wh m w c t t ll wh th
e er n a ,
an a r o o e an n o e e er
H is t
e le erna t p sitiv ly d p f u dly di ff t
or n o ,
a re o e an ro o n er en ,
an d t h typ s f f ith th y
e e sp ctiv ly c ll f th will
O a e re e e a or
diff c sp di gly b t h i pi itu l h iz

er orr e on n d i o n S r a or on an n
m l i spi ti
ora n O s s f Ch ist s s lf b g ti
ra on . ur en e o r
’
e -a ne a on
His l wli ss His g c His utt p ssi f

o ne ,
ifi is ra e, er a on O s a cr ce —
p c ptibly xp d d
er e duc d cc di g w d d
e an e or re e a or n as e o or o
no t h ld th t H wh
o b th s thi gs h d t d by
a e o ore e e n a en ere
Divi v liti i t t h itu ti f which th y f m

ne o on n o e S a on o e or a
P RE -
E X I ST ENCE N OT S P E C U LATI V E 461
p t S m thi g which is i p l c bl d ps w y wh
ar . o e n rre a ea e ro a a en
His t ity h b c c ll d Th G sp l
e e rn as v b een an e e . e o e ca n n e er e
th e sm gi a ed t h l ss is b
a t by sp cul tiv
a n , an e o or n e no e a e
d gm tic but by p s l ligi

o a E sp ci lly t h p ch
er on a re on . e a e rea er
h as p t d with c t i l v g f mo l pp l
ar -
e a er a n e era e o ra a ea no
m t b g i d It is h d
ore o e re w t p su d m
a ne . ar er no o er a e en
th t G d l v s us b tt th H l v s Hims lf
a o o e e er an e
’
o e e .
C sid ti s f this i m pl d f mili ki d m y

on e ra on O S e an a ar n a
h lp t dissip t t h im p ssi th t th c c pti of

e o a e e re on a e on e on
p re-e xi t c is i
s encu bly sp cul
e tiv m t physic
n l ra e a e or e a a .
”
Wh t v th s f m id bl dj ctiv s m th y t l st
a e er e e or a e a e e ea n , e a ea
m ea n s m thi g which it qui s s t g i t ll ctu l

o e n re re a ron n e e a
e ff t t pp h d But i this s t ic s s t h
or o a re en . n e o er en e e c on
ce p t i ison t p cul tivnoi t h l st O th c t y

S e a e n e ea . n e on ra r ,
it is c st tly f d i hy m s f chil dh d It is f
on an ou n n n O oo . O
c u s i t s ly di ffic u lt i its m t i m plic ti s

o r e n en e n re o er a on ,
a s,
for th t m tt a ls th c c pti s f m l f d m
a er, are a o e on e on O ora re e o
or th Divi p s lity A d t h p p i f c
e ne er on a . n e ro er n e r en e
t d w is th t b li f
o ra this subj ct must f ll w f ith i
a e e on e o o a n
Ch ist Hims lf t p c d it W c t k w t h p
r e ,
no re e e . e a nn o no e re
t mp l w d t h
e ora as thly lif f Ch ist
e vo w e ea r e o r , or e e n as e
do ( i n l s s ) His lif of x lt d gl y Th st g
a r ea en e e e a e or . e a e
i
n His c t whic h w
a reer m t with Him is f ta e ee a er
B thl h m t b f it ; w m t with Him sup m ly

e e e no e ore e ee re e
His c d d w ds d cti s ; d h wh h
,
i
n re or e ort an a on an e o as no
f u d G d i t h c d f th s th
o n o n i l ss y s
e r e or O e e ree S n e ear ca n
hv a e nost k f vit l i t lligibl ki d i t h qu sti

a e o a a or n e e n n e e on
wh t h th y st d t g i st
e er e i fi it d t l an ou a a n an n n e an e er n a
b ckg d But i d d t h Chu ch h clu g t f i t h

a roun . n ee e r as n o a
in Ch ist s p xist c
r
’
pu ly ligi us g u ds S h
re -e en e on re re o ro n . e
h as clu g t i t t h ly m s p t hum th ught

n o as e on ean o en o an o
o f ffi mi g t h p ic l ss t uth th t H is
a r n e t th p f ct
r e e r a e no e er e
S i t m
a n ly ff d by hum ity t G d but t h b l v d
er e , o ere an o o , e e o e
S on s t f th by t h F th c st i g c up
en or this e a e r, a n ra e on
“
b k d sh l f ti m th t i l v H might giv
an an oa o e,
”
a n o e e e
Him s lf f us l l I t sc c ly dmits f d ubt which f

e or a . ar e a o o O
t h t w vi ws will i
e o pi t h m subdui g G sp l M
e ns re e ore n o e . en
sa v th t th ac c p ti f t ity mi gli g thus with

e on e on o e e rn n n
462 PERSO N O J ESU CH R I S T
TH E F S
ti m is t v st f t uth ; with t h p stl s w m y

e oo a or r e a o e e a
an sw th t its v st ss is its vid c si c t h G d

er a a ne e en e, n e e o
m d k w i J sus giv s ly gifts g t th t

a e no n n e e on SO rea a n on e
g t r e a er b c c iv d T p t with t h gl y d
can e on e e . O ar e or an
w d f this f ith is i g v m su t p t with th

on er O a n a ra e ea re o ar e
na tiv j y f t h Ch isti
e o o ligi d t e m v th r an re on , an o re o e e
sc en ef ac ific f m h v
o S r t th will i vit bly
e ro ea en o ea r ne a
stimul t th l ss w thy i m p ls f lt t s m tim by ll

a e e e or u e e a o e e a
t p o ch b ut m i st d f G d
r ea a o an n ea o o .
1
I 1
g t is h md h lsi n i fi ca n t H i g
t atT b a o ern t eo o i a n
g l ik e a er n of u i n gen ,
i h i h d m l m l h d ’
n
p is l ecul i ar
gy rc an hst i u atin D og a ti c s o ul O fi er t e
f ll w
o o mp i
i ng d sy g m
a t h et h hwh c ren m d er i n of ou r th e e, t oug it th e re in er
t h at hi at k w d
t s l g l p
p oi n t mb l no Th ll e ge f ar e
y a ss es into sy o
“
e ov e o
w h i Ch
.
“
y G d
”
G d
’
o w he r i t e s, h hi c a ct s on us n ri st t e Son , i s s o ut t erl o s
lf d
,
l d h
ove a n t f H
e a ct i v e s e
b -l di d
i scl os ure o is ei n g, that i t is et ern a l y rect e
u p on H m B i h as ea rerA d Ofl h
t is e t ern a l l ov e n this n ot on y in t e sen se
d h
.
of d i eal
p h H w
r e -ex i s t en ce — mp l f or t en e ere b ut th e t e or a an i st ori c
G d H
’
l
corre a t e l l
Of o s l
et ern a ov e— b ut e v en i rres p ec t i v e y of i s ear t h l y
e x i s t en ceG d d ; d o H m
’
s l ov e h
i rect e u p on i i s t h e l ov e O f t h e Fa t er t o t h e
S on i n th h l D
e s ecr et of li f p t ( e et e rn a i vine e, or, to ut it so s i n ce n o ot h er
t er ms a re
p os s i bl e ) ,
in a re al p r Al s o— t o t ak e t h e ot h er s i d e of
e-ex i s ten c e .
th e sa me con ce p t i on — th is Son , l ov ed et ern a l l y o f God , i s n ot on l y s en t by

t h e Fa t h er i n t o t h e worl d H e h as com e by H i s own l ov i n g act
”
464 PERSON OF J ESUS CH RI ST TH E
though it is t w thy th t D F st s ttitud t t h no e or a r . orre

’
a e o e
K tic vi w h b c m v m d cisiv ly th t f
en o e as e o e e en ore e e a o
ch mpi ship i h i A th i ty f Ch i t ( 1 9 0 6 ) th i
a on n s u or o r s an n
his Ch i t f H i t y d f E p i
r s o I s or an o x er en ce n a
v l u bl
a ticl
a th
e T i ity Bish p D A y ft
ar e on e r n ,
o
’
rc ,
a er
S p ki g f th s ub di t ch ct f t h divi ity f t h
ea n O e or na e a ra er o e n O e
S on asp t y d i th N w T st m t dds It is this

or ra e n e e e a en ,
a :
“
d iv tiv ch c t which h lps u s t

er a e a ra lis th t t h er e o r ea e a e
limit t i s t which H submitt d d u i g His lif

a on o th e e r n e on e a r
i v lv d
n o b ch f His Divi id tity
e no re a His o ne en .
Divi ity is d p d t f m mom t to m m t p th

n e en en ro en o en u on e
F th ; d th f th is
a er an di ffi culty i cc pti g
ere ore ere no n a e n
wh t s ms t b
a ee c ss y i f c f m t h f ct s f
o e a ne e ar n ere n e ro e a O
th G sp l hist y th t du i g
e o e Lo d s lif or th , a , r n our r
’
e on ear ,
th t k pl c limi t ti f t h Divi fflu c

ere oo a e a a on O e ne e en e .
” 1
O ki d d li s P i cip l G vi
n n re d M W L W lk
ne r n a ar e an r. . . a er
a pp t b t ear i g di g th t mp l k i if
o e a on e n re ar n e e ora en os s,
t h ph se m y b p mi t t d
ra e th sympt m d m i
a e er e ,
as e o an an
f t ti
es a of t l p c ss of s lf mptyi g tiv t
on an e ern a ro e e -e n na e o
G dh d such M W lk t ki g th C ss th
o ea as . r . a er, a n e ro as e
disti ctiv symb l of th i m st b i g f d ity i sists

n e o e n o e n o e ,
n on
this tim l ss b ckg u d of the e thly d m a Th lif ro n e ea r ra a .

“
e e
f God h w i t s is f v t h s m lif of s lf d i l
” “ - en a
O , e r e , or e er e a e e e
an d s lf ifi b c us it is th lif of p f ct L v
e -s a cr ce , e a e e e er e o e
.
O t f His v fl wi g fu l
u o s H is co st tly gi i g f
o er o n n es e n an v n o
Hims lf i c ti i d t fi d Hims lf g i i th s
e n rea on n or er o n e a a n n o e
wh m H h o is d to p ticip t i i t h Divi lif

e as ra e ar a on n e ne e .
This is t h t t l k i i which th S is f v
a e ern a en os s n e on or e er
p ssi g t of th F th
a n ou d g i tu i g t t h
‘
e a er
’
an a a n re rn n o e
b som f G d
o It is ls f om this poi t f vi w th t
o o .
” 11
a o r n o e a
D G vi fi ds it p ssibl t h m o is t h high
r . ar e n bi g o e o ar n e e er e n
O f Ch ist with His sr chi g xp i c f t mpt ti d e ar n e e r en e O e a on , a n
to ch m rea pi it u l c st uctio of His mi cl s

a ore S r a on r n ra e .
“
Th mi cl s h c t ds did t l ss th s lf
e ra e ,
”
e on en ,
“
no e en e e
e mptyi g of th i c ti n f th still xist d

e n a rn a on or e re e e
co ditio s f
"
n thic l ch ct u d which l th
n O an e a a ra er n er a on e e
d iv d p w c uld b m pl y d m ly i t s symp thy

er e o er o e e o e ,
na e ,
n en e a
1 9
Gosp el of Recon ci l i a t i on, 16 9
D CG i i 7 6 2
. . . .
with m d bs lut t u st i
an an God N twithst di g
a o e r n .
1
o an n
this D G vi cl ims th ight t c iticis t h ld f ms

,
r. ar e a e r o r e e O er or
o f K ticism d d s
en o with m u ch s v i ty ; th u s
,
an oe so e er
a ck wl dgi g t h disti ctio just l id d w b tw

no e n e n n a o n e een a
p i cipl d th v yi g m th ds f its pplic ti

r n e an e I ar n e o O a a on . n
1 9 0 7 Bish p W st publish d w k f high bility

o e on e a or o a ,
en t itl d Th O e Ch i t i which e s v d d ci cum

ne r s ,
n a re er e an r
sp ct y t cl ly m k d f m f K otic th y w put
e e ea r - ar e or o en e or as
f w d d d f d d t full l gth H p ks f
or ar an e en e a en . e S ea , or
i st c f t h Ch ist f t h G sp ls
n an e, O th S
e f G d r o e o e as e on O o
s lf s t i d i c diti s of m hood
e -r e ra n e W s m
n on on an . e ee
c mmi t t d by th E v g l ists h w it s t th pi i
o e e an e ,
”
e r e , o e O n on
th t t h I c t did lly d t uly b c m m f ll w

a e n a rn a e r ea an r e o e a n, o o
i g t h l w f hum
n e lif f m its v y b gi i g ; th t
a o an e ro er e nn n SO a
th e l w f s lf
a st i t s lf imp s d b f t h t of
o e -r e ra n , e - o e e or e e ac
I c ti
n a rn a qui d of Him th t H h uld t st f th
on , re re a e S o a e o e
u c sci us ss p ctic l u c sci us ss f t h u b

n on o ne or ra a n on o ne o e n orn
child d m d it b th c ss y d p ssibl th t i
”
an
“
a e o ne e ar an o e a n
t h st t
e f His h u mili tio H sh uld h v
a e O c sci us ss a n e o a e no on o ne
th t His ssum d hum s ul c uld t m di t

a a e A d,
an o o no e a e .
” 2
n ,
t t k
o a fi l x m pl i 1 9 0 9 th
e a na pp d P i cip l
e a e, n ere a ea r e r n a
F syth s ich d livi g v lu m Th P

or
’
r an d Pl f n o e, e erson a n a ce o
J es us Ch i t t h cl si g ch pt s f which
r s , e p i o n a er o a re a n ex os
ti on n o t so much f sp cu l tiv th y of th i c ti o a e a e eor e n arn a on
as o f c t i vit l ligi us p stul t s i s p bl f m fi m

er a n a re o o a e n e ara e ro r
b li f i Ch ist s d ivi ity T ki g th K tic id

e e n r
’
cl u n . a n e en o ea a s e
( ightly c m bi d with th c c pti

r o f ne p g ssiv ly e on e on O a r o re e
r ea lis d I c t p s ) h gu s th t w f c i
e n a rn a e er on , e ar e a
“
e a e n
Ch is t G dh d s lf duc d but l wh s i fi it
r a o ea e -re e rea , o e n n e
p w t k ff ct i s lf humili ti
o er oo e d dduc s t h
e n e - a on , an a e e
fu th c sid ti th t
r er on G d th S era i His f dm on a
“
as o , e on n ree o
w uld h v K tic p w v Hims lf c sp di g t

o a e a en o o e r o er e or re on n o
th ei fi it p w f s lf d t m i t i which b l gs t
n n e o er o e - e er na on e on o
d ity
e Th difficulti s
.
”
3
f such vi w imp ss him
e e O a e re as
m sci t ific th
or e ligi us A d y t i spit f this
en an re o . n e n e o
D F syth
r . wh c fus s t h p i cipl wi t h p cific
or no ere on e e r n e S e
1
1
S tu d i es , etc. , 23 4 . Th e On e Ch r i s t, 1 9 0 , 18 1, 18 4 .
3
Lect ure XI .
30
466 PE RSON OF J ESUS CH RI ST TH E
e x mpl s of it b u t f ls f t y th t th is s m th i g
a e ,
ee r ee o sa a ere o e n
p sumptu us i c t i ld K t ic ff ts t b dy f th
re o n er a n o er en o e or o o or
j u st wh t th S f G d must h v u d g i b c mi g
a e on o o a e n er on e n e o n
man .
Th s typic l qu t ti s which it w uld b sy t

e e a o a on , o e ea o
multiply i dic t th t th c c pti t h y i v lv is o c

,
n a e a e on e on e n o e n e
m or est ivi g f xp ssi

r It is c c pti f i m m s
n or e re on . a on e on o en e
re ligi ig ific c S m h w t d sc ib t h m th d
ous S n an e . o e o —
o e r e e e o
e x ctly m y f c u s b b y d
a a sm h w Gd i
o o r e e e on us — o e o o n
Ch ist h b ught His g t ss d w t t h

r as ro w rea n e o n o e n a rro
m su s f
ea re lif b c m i g p fo ou rs k This e, e o n oor or ou r a e .
mu t b t k
s s i usly i d g m tic i Ch isti
e a en as er o n o a as n r an
pi ty d pl c m st b f u d f t h
e ,
an a l f ct which it
a e u e o n or e r ea a
d ts i
en o e c st ucti f th I c t lif T
n our on r on o e n a rn a e e . o
su u d
rro n cc mp y it with ut lisi g qu lific ti s
or a o an ne ra n a a on
is i p t Th diffi cul t i s f K tic vi w

ne . e d ubt e o a en o e a re no o
e xt m ly g v ; y t th y such
re e b ld c st ucti
ra e e e a re as no o on r on
ca n a v o id d i th s ci cu m st c s it is
, an tu l t p f
n e e r an e na ra o r e er
a vi w which b th c s v s th vit l ligi us i t st i

e o on er e e a re o n ere n
t h s lf b g t i g d sc t
e e -a f G d (Dne a h mi l i ) nd d e en o o eu s u s an a
h s st df stly to th c c t d t ils f th his t ic c d

e re ea a e on re e e a o e or re or .
Obvi u sly th s o d t ils c stitut s l m dium f

e e e a on e ou r o e e O
re v l tio ; d th d x w it s
e a n cc si lly p
an ort o o r er a re o a on a ron e o
f g t t h t it is m it i Ch ist l gic l d ct i th t
or e a no er n a r o o a o r ne a
it cl i m s t d l succ ssfully with m t p bl ms t

a o ea e re o er ro e no
f cdor e th mi d by N w T st m t p s t ti s f
on e n e e a en re re en a on o
J s u s whil t th s m ti m it m k s
e , e a t u st e a e e a e ou r on e r
w thy s u c f i f m ti th G sp l
or o r e tiv o n or a on , e o e n arra e,
dubious u i t lligibl O or ly f n n e th y is e . ur on u se or a eor
t o sy th sis f cts d fi it ly b f us t to d s m
n e e a e n e e or e , no o o e
thi g lsn e e .
T k th c t l th ught f th G sp l which h
a e e e n ra o o e o e ,
as
c ptu d d subdu d t h Ch isti s ul d l t us k

a re an e e r an o ,
an e as
wh th it h c iv d full justic t t h h ds f l i
e er as r e e e e a e an o e cc es
as t i l Ch ist l gy
ca G d i Ch ist w b li v c m d w
r o o . o n r , e e e e, a e o n
t t h pl
o f su ff i g m
e th t H might lift th m up
an e o er n en a e e .
D sc di g i t p v ty h m
e en n d w k ss t h L d w
n o o er , S a e, a n ea ne ,
e or as
st ipp d f l l c dit d sp il d f v y ight h u mbl d t

r e O a re , e o e O e er r ,
e o
4 68 PERSON O J ESUS CH RI ST THE F
G d w
o w k w is l v ; b t it w
, e no c ss y th t Hno , o e u as n e e ar a e
sh uld liv b sid us i t h f m f

o e fi it pi it i
e e ,
n e or O on e n e S r ,
n
ord th t His l v d its s c ific might b k w t

er a o e an a r e e no n o
m d wi b ck th i l v
en an S B w i g th ug ht of it
n a e r o e . O ro n n o
Wh k f f G d at lac s t h en O p er e ct i on fi t f or o
h
,
B j h w utli us t t e i n s t an ce h ic t hi s t a l e su
pp es
O l w h m S i hf ov e it out a li it ? O s s t ren gt ,
S g b O i s i n t el l i en ce ; l e t l ov e e so,
U lm d lf n i ite i n i ts se -sa cr i fi ce ,
”
T h en i s t h e t al e t rue and God sh ows com p l et e.
Th bvi us di ff c s b tw t h ld K tic
er e are o o e r en e e ee n e o er en o
th i s d t h w F t h Ch isti thi k f t
eor e an e ne . or e r an n er o o
d y is m
a s v ed d p p ti lly l ss vul bl
ore r e er an ro or on a e n era e
on p i ts of p cul ti
o n A f u it ch g g i st t h
S e a on . a vo r e ar e a a n e
Old c st uc t i w t h ch g f myth l gy K ti
er on r on as e ar e o o o . en o
i m it w s id w
c s ,
lik t hi g much p g st i s
as a , as e no n so as a an or e
of t h g ds Th
e p ch is tu l t h lips of
o .
1
e re roa na ra on e on e
who t t lly pudi t s t h id f i c ti

o a re If m a e e ea o n arn a on . a an
d s t f l th t i Ch ist w st d c f t d wit h th
oe no ee a n r e an on ron e e
outc m f v st Divi
o e o ifi with wh t is thi g
a a n e sacr ce— a no n
l ss th
e i ff bl f ct f Divi hist y f him t h
an an ne a e a o ne or — or e
p bl m which Th m si s d t h st w t yi g to s lv
ro e o a n an e re e re r n o e
( d
an p lim i y t st t ) h of c u s
,
as a re xis t c
nar , o a e as o r e no e en e .
H c e t wh t th discussi is b ut But th m
ann o see a e on a o . e or e
c t K t ic st t em ts h v t h dv t g th t th y
r e en en o a en a e e a an a e a e
a im th ra t p c di g by w y f i t p t t iv p stul t
er a r o ee n a o n er re a e o a e,
a p t p t
ar e chi g ft os t h K ,
tic c c
S O rea p t i n a er e en o on e on as
th k y by whic h
e e l it is p ssibl t u l ck t h a on e o e o n o e
p bl m s f t h hist ic Lif but t v t i g s m

ro e o e or e, no en u r n , as o e
ea rli hyp t h s s h d v tu d t xp ti t i t h d m i
er o e e a en re ,
o e a a e n e o a n
o f p cul t i
S p t
e t
a t d sc ib t h st ps i which
on a a r e a n e, or o e r e e e n
th i c ti w ctu lis d wi t h th s phic l mi ut

e n a rn a on as a a e eo o a n e
ne ss W h v l t f m L tz m y f us th t it is
. e a e ea r n ro o e, an o ,
a
v i t k h w b i g is m d
a n o as It is v i t p k
o e n a e . a n o S ea as
if t h vi w p i t f D ity w
e e — o n w t ig oth e e re ou r o n , or o n ore e
p iph l c h ct f
er era judg m ts ; d
a ra y er O ou r en an an con
1
S om e Of t h e m od ern j
Ob ect i on s were a n t i c i pa t ed by Cel s us ( cf Gl over
.
,
Th e Confl i ct f Rel i gi ons

o ,
TH E F U NDAM E NTAL D ATA 469
st ucti of Ch ist s p s i which th mod mi d is t

r on r
’
er on n e ern n o
f l i t st must st t f m d p c d th ugh t h
ee an n ere ar ro ,
an ro e e ro ,
e
k w f cts f His hu m lif Th k w f c t s w y

no n a o an e . e no n a , e sa
advis dly ; f discussi h m d i t cl th t K t i

e or on as a e ear a en o
i m b it ight
c s ,
w o g d s t i th l st d p d f
e r or r n , oe no n e ea e en or
its c g cy o en tw th is l t d p ss g s i St P ul
on o or re e o a e a a e n . a .
W h v e ly t pl c id by id t h t w wo ds f Jcsus
a e on o a e s e S e e o r o
'
L I m with y
O, lw y v u t th d f t h w ld
a ou a a , e en n o e en o e or ,
an d Of th t d y d th t ho u k w th a m ith a an a r no e no a n, ne er
th S but t h F th t h v t h ti p bl m b f
e on e a er, o a e e en re ro e e ore
us It is p s t i th u ch ll g d f cts f t h N w
. re e n n e n a en e a O e e
T st m t wh th
e a en t w , c hoos t th l gis e er or no e e o eo o e
up i t on .
F u positi s m y b t k I thi k
o r impl icit i
on a e a en , n , as n
t h c m pl t ly Ch isti
e o vi w f J sus ; d it is difficul t
e e r an e O e an
to h w K oticism i som f m is t b v id d by
see o en n e or o e a o e
on e wh ss ts th m ll d t th s m tim b li v s
o a er e a , an a e a e e e e e
th ta s d Ch ist l gy i p ssibl Th y m y b
a rea on e r o o s o e . e a e
put f ll ws as o o
( 1 ) Ch ist is w Divi b i g th bj ct f f ith

r no n e, a s e n e o e O a
an d w ship with wh m b li vi g m
or , h v imm di t o e e n en a e e a e,
th ugh t u m di t d f llo wship

o no n e a e , e .
( 2) I s m p s l s s His Divi ity is t l

n o e e r on a en e n e ern a ,
no t th f ui t f tim i c by d fi iti G dh d c t
e r o e, S n e e n on o ea ann o
h v c m to b
a e o i hi l ; His p
e m u d b i g th
e ex n o re - n an e e n ere
f is l t id l m ly
ore rea ,
no ea ere .
( 3 ) His lif th w u quivoc lly hum e on ear as ne a an .
J sus w
e m J w f t h fi st c tu y with
as a an , alif e O e r en r , a e
l c lis d i
o a de st ict d by b dy g ic t His s lf
n an re r e a o or an o e
c sci us ss ; f lim it d p w which could b d w

on o ne O e o er, e, a n a s,
t hw t d by p sist
ar e t u b li f ; f limit d k wl dg
er en n e e O e no e e,
which b i g g du lly built u p by xp i c m d Him

, e n ra a e e r en e, a e
li bl t su p is d dis pp i t m t ; f m l tu
a e o r r e an a o n en o a ora na re
susc ptibl f g wt h d xp s d to lif l g t mpt ti ;

e e O ro , an e o e e - on e a on
O f pi t y d p s l ligio ch c t is d t ch p i t
a e an er on a re n a ra er e a ea o n
by d p d c e G den I h t H m v d lw ys
en e on o . n S or , e o e a a
with i th li s f n exp i c hum ly o m l i

ne O an e er en e an n r a n
470 RSO N OF J ESU S CHRI ST
TH E P E
c stituti v if b m l i its si l ss qu lity Th

on on , e en a n or a n n e a . e
lif Divi i H i m f u d xp ssi th ugh hum

e ne n o n e re on ro an
f cul t y with s lf c sci u s ss d ctivity m di t d by

a , a e - on o ne an a e a e
His h u m mi li an eu .
(4) W c t p dic t f Him t w c scio u s ss s

e an n o re a e o o on ne e
or t w wills ; t h N w T st m
o t i dic t s othi g f th
e e e a en n a e n n O e
ki dn , i d d is it co g u us with
n or n ee i t lligibl n r o an n e e
psych l gy Th u ity f His p s l lif is xi m tic

o o . e n o er on a e a o a .
N w it is imp ssibl
o t t hi k th s fou p siti s o e o n e e r o on
t g th s v w p oc d to i f th t
o e er a e as l su de r ee n er a a rea rren er
o f t h gl y e d p or g tiv s f d ity
an m l t i th r ero a e o e , a ora ac n e
h v ly ph
ea en must h v p c d d th dv t of G d
s ere, a e re e e e a en o
i Ch ist
n r W .f c d by Divi s lf ducti which
e a re a e a ne e -re on
en at il d b di c t mpt tio d d th S th t ligi

e O e en e, e a n , an ea . o a re on
h as av st st k i th k i
a a f ct wh t v th
e n e en os s as a a ,
a e er e
diffic u lti s t its m thod m y b N hum lif f

e as o e a e . O an e o
G d is p ssibl with ut
o o p io s lf djustm t f d ity
e o a r r e -a
en o e .
Th S e must mpty Hims lf i d th t f om wi t hi

on e e n or er a r n
m ki d H m y d cl t h F th s m ff th g t
an n e a e ar e e a er
’
na e, o er e rea
s c ific t iumph v d th ; d t h lity with which

a r e, r o er ea an e rea ,
to ch this d H l id sid th f m d p ivil g

rea en , e a a e e or an r e e
O f d ity is t h m su
e f th t l v whic h h d th bb d i
e ea re O a o e a ro e n
t h Divi
e h t f m ll t ity
ne ear ro a e ern .
It is cl th t th v lu f this disc u ssi if y will

ear a e a e o on , an ,
li e no t i th t m
n ll d t u of p cul ti but
e un ra rn e e na re a S e a on ,
in th lumi ous xplic tio f hist ic f ct W w uld

e n e a n o or a . e o
k w t h limits withi which must l i t h t u th w

no e n e e r e a re
s ki g but th is sugg sti th t it is giv t m

ee n , e re no e on a en o an
t w tch God
o a H b c m s i c t Y t c it h
as e e o e n a rn a e . e on e as
b m d cl th t Ch ist is G d i c d mpti is
een a e ea r a r o — S n e re e on
as typic lly Divi w k c ti

a a t h p ssibl nelt or as r ea on — e o e a er
na tiv s e f w It m y b s id th t H cqui d G d
a re e . a e a a e a re o
h d whic h is p g
ea — O th t H c i d t l d ity
a an . r a e a rr e e ern a e
u m difi d i to th ph
n o e f timn which is u hist ic e S ere o e— n or .
E xclud th s e ptio s d it o ly m i s to y th t i
e e O n ,
an n re a n sa a n
Ch ist w
r f c t f c with G d wh i
e a re a e f th o a e o ,
o n on e O e
disti guish bl c stit u ts f His b i g c m m gst

n a e on en O e n a e a on
u s by g t t f s lf b g ti
a rea But th is
ac O e -a ne a on . ere no
472 PERSO N OF J ESUS CH RI ST TH E
It is ss ti l how v th t t h c t g i s w m pl y
e en a ,
e er , a e a e or e e e o
S h u ld b g u i ly m lis d O th l gic l c lculus

o e en ne ora e . ur eo o a a
must is b v t h physic l d p ti lly m ch ic l

r e a o e e a an ar a e an a
c c ptio s whic h s v d th A ci t Chu ch Th will

on e n er e e n en r . ere
a l w ys b m t physic i Ch ist l gy b t it ught t b

a e e a n r o o ,
u o o e a
m t physic f t h c sci c i which t subst c but

e a o e on en e, n no an e
H ly L v is sup m N t hi g i D F yth t tis

o o e re e.
1
o n n r . or s
’
s rea e
is m wh l s m or e m i spi i g th his sust i d

o e o e or ore n r n an a ne
c t tio th t w m y h lp
on en n g t c c iv t h
a e a e our a e o on e e e
i c ti by givi g f u ll sc p t this thicisi g v i

n arn a on n o e o e n e n .
H h ws th t t h h bit f thic l c st ucti must b

e S o a e a o e a on r on e
c i d v t h whol fi ld A l k i is m l
a rr e o er e e e . r ea en os s a ora as
w lle th l gic l c ssity th i m puls f m which it

as a eo o a ne e : e e ro
p g w m l ; it is t h m l c stituti f G d
S ra n as ora e or a on on O o
h d which m d it p ssibl ; m l fo c s sust i d th

ea a e o e ora r e a ne e
s lf duc d Lif
e -re th d g v i t pi itu l v lu A
e e on ea r an a e S r a a e . S
it h b put t h c diti s u d which C h ist liv d

as een , e on on n er r e
“
w t h mo l sult f m l p m u d
ere e t
ra t re o a ora re - n a ne ac , a n ac
in vi t u f which d f its m l qu lity c t i u d

r e O ,
an o ora a on n e
th ugh His lif d culmi ti g i His d th Ch ist

ro e an na n n ea ,
r
re d ms d s v s
ee A d y t i an l l this t h is thi g
- a e .
” 2
n e n a er e no n
f m dull m lism d i i g t h d lif blo d t f ”

o ere ora ,
ra n n e re e- o ou o
a g t G sp l ; i st d th i c ti c m s h m to u s
re a o e n ea ,
e n arn a on o e o e
a s an e thic lly pp li g t f God t v wh lmi g us

a a ea n ac o , no o er e n
by displ y b u t subdui g b c us a light i g d p

,
n , e a e en en n an er
s ua di g t h c sci cn d t h will
,
e on en e an e .
This is t oft ig d wh t h discussio c m s t oo en n ore en e n o e o
ci cl ou d t h id f Divi immut bility F th

r e r n e ea O ne a . or en
th subj ct of k i m y b c v ss d quit i sp c t
e e en os s a e an a e e rr e e
i l y f h ly l v
ve thO ch g l ss ss f t h Abs lut
o o e, e an e e ne o e o e
wi t h i t implicit d i l th t p y is sw d th t
s en a a ra er an er e ,
or a
th b such
e re can thi g Divi s vi g t b i g
e a n as a ne a n ac — e n
us d to put th v y id f Divi s lf limit ti

e t f
e er ea o ne e - a on ou O
cou t Sh u ch g bl ss is f c u s s m thi g
r . eer n an ea en e , o o r e, o e n
1
Of . a suggest i v e art i cl e by Drown i n t h e H i bbert J ou rn a l f or April
19 0 6 .
2
J . K . Mozl ey , rev i ewi n g Forsy t h , i n t h e J ou rn a l of Th eologi ca l S tud i es
for J a n 19 11, p 3 00
. . .
DI V I NE A TT RI B U TE S A RE M O RAL 473
a g i st which
a n hu m pl di g b up ; but it is
no an ea n ca n ea r
w th ski g wh th it ught t figu i

or a n Ch i ti e er o o re n a r s an
ar gu m t Th im m u t bility t which c t i w it s
en . e a o er a n r er
a pp l w uld lly i v lv giv

ea o w ld f ch gi g
rea n o e — en a or O an n
m l g ts t h g v st thic l c p ic G d w uld b
ora a en — e ra e e a a r e . o o e
ar bit y i sm u ch
ra r ,i v yi g m l itu ti s H
na as n ar n ora S a on e
w uld t with m m ch ic l s lf c sist cy N w it

o ac ere e an a e - on en . o
is t t ll xc ssiv t y th t wh t Ch ist v l s i
no a a e e e o sa a a r re ea n
G d is
o th th rai fi it m bility of bs lut g c b t
er e n n e o a o e ra e en
on th d mp ti f t h l st t h willi g ss to d d
e re e on o e o , e n ne o an
b wh t v is c mp tibl wi t h mo l tu
ea r a e er Wh t o a e a ra na re . a
is immu t bl i G d is t h h ly l v which m k s His

a e n o e o o e a e
e ss c W must l t I fi i t d b g i ly i fi it i
en e . e e n n u e e en u n e n n e n
its m l xp di ts ; w must c dit G d wi t h i fi it

ora e e en e re o n n e
s c ific b s d
a r e His s lf c sci us ss f m ip t c
a e on e - on o ne O o n o en e .
W must b li v th t t h l v
e f G d is
e e lmighty
e a e o e o o
“
an a
l v i th s s th t it is c p bl f lim iti g its lf d

o e n e en e a a a e O n e , an ,
whil e d b c mi g ls
an enm s t ,
xt t de o n a o a ea n o an e en a e
qu t t l l l v s i fi it ds This s lf
a e o a o u ci g s lf
e
’
n n e en . e —ren o n n , e
t cti g s will this ducti f Hims lf ’

re ra t f th
n S ac o e on ,
re on o e
f m t h sup m d to b th sup m m s f t h
ro e re e en e e re e ea n or e
s ul is
o ,
g ti f His tu ; it is t h pp sit it is
no n e a on o na re e o o e,
t h l st ss t i f His tu lv ” 1
e a a er on o na re a s o e .
This m y b put t h wis by s yi g th t m ip t c

a e o er e a n a o n o en e
— i this discussi
n quit fu d m t l t t ibut xis t s on a e n a en a a r e— e
an d p ts i
O m l u iv s d u d m l
era e n a ora n er e an n er ora con
dit i d t h t if w thi k
on s , a n w y thi s p v siv thic l
a e n a a er a e e a
qu lity f m l m ighti ss it is t p dic bl f t h G d

a ro a ne ,
no re a e o e o
w Ch isti s b li v i
e r N w whil
an m ip t c is i
e e e n . o ,
e o n o en e n
on e s s lim it d c diti d by h ly l v i
en e e th or on on e o o e, n ano er
s s it is m g ifi d I vi t u f t h t l v i t
en e a n g f e . n r e O a o e, s ran e o
p ssibili ty b d s t dl ssly G d s m l f d m
o roa en ou en e . o
’
ora r ee o
o p s d s t H i m which t h wis
en oor hut M y i t
o o er e a re S . a
no t b th t ly t h p f ct ly H ly is f t t sc d
e a on e er e o ree o ra n en
s lf d liv i th liv s t h si ful b i g immu d i

e an e n o er e , e n e n SO re n
s lf th t f th m it is i m p ssibl t v flow t h t g
e a or e o e o o er e e s ra n
i g b u ds
n d p ss i t
o n li f m s f xp i c ? L v
,
an a n o a en or o e er en e o e
F h p 1
ors y t ,
o . ci t . 3 13— 14 .
with s u c lik G d s h
re o b u dl ss c p city f s lf
r e e o
’
as a o n e a a O e
d t mi t i
e er F us m
na d on s lv t i it m y w ll
. or en a n ou r a a on , a e
b H e, c m m i t t d Hims lf i
e o sp ct f His p s l e e , n on e a e o er on a
b i g t g d f xp i c qu lifi d by ch g d
e n , o a ra e o e er en e a e an e an
d l p m t t h us st pi g t c qu
e ve o en , d p mitti g t h oo n o on er a n er n e
c diti s f m h od t p v il v His w f d m
on on o an o o re a o er . o n ree o .
If t h lt tiv s a
e a u thic l c c pti f immut
e rn a e re an ne a on e on o a
bi l i t y d pu th ught f m l om ip t c which
an a re o O ora n o en e,
mks a m f Divi s c ific t h Ch i sti mi d

e r oo or ne a r e, e r an n
n ee d t h sit t E v y th y which cc pts

no e a e l . er e or a e a rea
i c ti must d y th t th l wli ss f
n a rn a on lif is en a e o ne O ou r e
i c g u us with G dh d d h ld th t it h b
n on r o o ea ,
an o a ,
as as een
put ,
L d b c m
ou r p s t tiv f m ki d t
or e a e
“
re r e en a e O an n no
on ly th s c ifici l id b t ls
on e th a rsid of h um a S e u a o on e e an
w k ss
ea ne .
” 1
l gi s b f u d which h lp u s with th
Ca n an a o e e o n e e
th ught f Divi s lf lim it ti ? N c t i ly which

o o ne e —
a on on e er a n
t k us th wh l w y It is t h v y d p t h f tu
a e e o e a . e er e O na re
i
n d ity which m k s th id
e f s lf fi m t a e e ea O e -con ne en
di fficult ; f w c t h w i fi i t d c uld
or w
e an n o see o n n u e o n a rr o
its w ci cl Y t it is t w thy th t lw ys i t h
o n r e . e no e or a a a n e
hum w ld g wth f m l t b i gs wi th it
an or ro O ora n a u re r n a
d p d p w f s lf b g ti
ee en e E l v ti
o of lif
er O e -a ne a on . e a on e
m s m p w t d sc d F m m ip t c l t
ea n or e o er o e en . ro o n o en e e
us w tu t om isci c H it is sy t m k
no rn o n en e . er e ea o a e a
c mm c m t W
o en e c st tly li m i t i g
en c t u lly
. e a re on an n o ur a a
p s t k owl dg with ut l t i g
re en n p s l id tity
e e o a er n ou r e r on a en .
W d this wh
e w v lu t ily cl s
o ys f ll en e o n ar o e our e e ,
or a
a sl p f l v s s k
ee , duty s withd w
or, or mi ds o e
’
a e or
’
,
ra our n
1 “
For su prem e Sp i ri t s ub ectj wa s t o cl a y ,
An d La w f ro m i ts own s er v a n t s l ea rned a l aw,

An d Li gh t b es oug t a l am p u n t o i t s way , h
An d Awe wa s rei n ed i n a we,
At on e sma ll ouse of Na za ret ; h h
An d Gol got h a
h
Sa w B rea t t o brea t hl es s n es s res i gn i t s b rea t h
f
An d Li e d o h om age f or i t s crown t o d e a t h .
( Fran ci s Th omp s on , S el ected P oems ,

476 TH E PE RSON OF J ESUS CH RI ST
Hi ms lf t t h c diti s f h u m lif Th
e o e l gy
on on o an e . e an a o ,
I m wa h lds s l ly i this p i t th t t h S l ft
a are , o o e n o n , a e on e
a sph b v th c flict f g d d vil th t i l v

ere a o e e on o oo an e a n o e
H might
e t w ld f p i st uggl d d p d c
en er a or o a n, r e, a n e en en e
y te l gy it
as an an a o h t h dv t g f m vi g l w ys as e a an a e o o n a a
withi t h fi ld f thic l xp i c It w i th
n e e o e a e e r en e . as n e
p vi c f m l li t i s of k wl dg t its high st
ro n e o ora rea e ,
no e e a e ,
th t H wh hu m bl d Him s lf t t h d th f th
a e o ss e e o e ea o e cro
g i d th m b v v y m
a ne e na e a o e e er na e.
Of c u s l gy is c m m su t with t h
o r e no an a o o en ra e e
Divi f ct T ft w f m id ls f s lf i fi
ne a . oo o en e or ea o e -
s a cr ce ,
on ly t d isc v with sh m th t th y
o o er p ti l t a e a e a re ar a ra n
sc ipts f
r ch ct o d th t w our u bl t ara er, an a e a re na e o
i
con ce ve anythi g m th c ti dg bl th w
n ore an a er a n e re e n o er an e
a re A d this m
. s th t w
n thic lly i c mp t t t
ea n a e are e a n o e en o
im gi ll t h Divi c p city f s lf u ci ti
a ne a e W ne a a o e -r e n n a on . e
c an but b li v i it m th w could k thi k

e e e n as ore an e as or n .
H w th sh ll w sp k i t lligibly f t h xp i c
o en a e ea n e o e e er en e
u d g by G d th S
n er on e H p ss d i t t h o ph e on as e a e n o e S ere
of ch g ? Th m si s
an e w hv s
1
t ught t ho a n ,
as e a e e en , a e
ab d m t of l tiv tt ibut s f d ity such

an on en re a e a r e o e as
om ip t c
n d
o en m isci c ed th ant ti f o n en e, an e r e en on o
ess ti l tt ibut s lik h li ss d l v

en a a r B t th e e o ne an o e . u e
disti cti is t
n which
on b mi ti d F
no on e can e a n a ne . or
on e thi g it is ly if c ti is t t l if th is
n , on r ea on no e ern a , er e
no t lw ys a w ld t b ul d d k w
a a d p v d d
or o e r e an no n an er a e ,
th t t h t m
a l tiv h lds Ap t f m this d
e er
“
re a e
”
o . ar ro , an
assumi g th t th w ld h d b gi i g i tim still it

n a e or a a e nn n n e,
m ust b h ld th t e c th w ld is th t h Divi
e a on e e or e re e ne
l ti s f m ip t c m isci c d t h lik
re a on o o n o en e, o n en e, a n e e a re a s
rea lly ss ti l e ight us ss en g c E ch is

a as r eo ne or ra e . a a
c ss y d t mi ti
ne e ar f G dh de er I sh t it
na on o o ea .
“
n or ,
”
as
h as b put w c t thi k w y t h l tiv

een ,
“
e an n o n a a e re a e
att ibu t s f G d with ut t t h s m tim thi ki g

r e o o o a e a e e n n
aw y th l ti
a But this h lds t f G d m ly
e re a on . o no o o ere ,
but f ll subj cts wh ts v

o a Disp si i t th e a oe er . er on n o e
c l u s f th sp ct um is t ss ti l t su ligh t
o o r o e e r no e en a o n as
Of h 1
g m f B
. t w L h
e ar u K 7 ff
en t o an so ,
Di e e r e v an d er en ose, 2 2 .
ATT RI B UT E S I N T R AN S P OS I TI ON 477
such but s ,
w p ism this l tiv tt ibut
so oon a s e use a r re a e a r e
f light c t but pp ” 1
o an n o a ea r .
Thus t t lk f t h b d m t f this o a th t o e a an on en o or a
a tt ibutr th p t f th E t
e on l S is c c pti
e ar o e ern a on a on e on
t oo sh p d c ud t ough i sh di g f
ar an rp s t e, oo r n a n , or ou r r e en
p bl m G d c s s t b G d t m ly wh (
ro e . o ea e o e o no ere en as
with G ss ) th is s lf u ci ti ct u lly f th
e er e a e -r en n a on a a o e
Divi s lf c sci us ss b u t v wh such qu liti s

ne e -
on o ne e en en a e
as o m ip t c n p t d with Still th ugh t p t d

o en e a re ar e .
,
o no ar e
with tt ibut s m y b t sp s d Th y m y c m t
,
a r e a e ra n o e . e a o e o
fu cti i w w ys t ssu m w f ms f ctivi ty

n on n ne a ,
o a e ne or o a ,
rea djust d t t h w c di t ie f tho Subj ct It ise ne on on o e e .
p ssibl t c c iv t h S wh h
o e o t d t lv s
on e e e on , o as en e re a o e
’
b h st
e e th gi onf g wth d p g ss
e rew on o ro an ro r e ,
as no
p ss ssi g ll t h qu liti s f G dh d i t h f m f
o e n a
2
e a e o o ea n e or o
c c t t d p t cy th th f full c t u lity B du
on e n ra e o en ra er an o a a ,
ur
/ et
ra th th er F anx mpl i its t l f m or e a e, n e ern a or
th bs lut i t llig c f G d cts

e a o e i tuitiv d
n e en e o o a as an n e an
sy ch us k wl dg f l l thi gs ; wh t h E t l
n r on o no e e o a n en e ern a
p ss s i t tim h w v k wl dg f Him mus t t k

a e n o e, o e er , no e e or a e
on discu siv d p g ssiv ch ct

a r Simil ly
e an ro re e a ra er . ar , a
m anwh h t st d his w biliti s m y k w th t ll

o as e e o n a e a no a a
m th m tics is p t ti lly i his g sp lth ugh i p i t

a e a o en a n ra ,
a o n o n
o f f ct h ha m st d e m th is dful f h i
as a er e no ore an n ee or s
c lli g S Ch ist wh i vi tu of His l t i t t h

a n . o r ,
o n r e re a on o e
F th h d Divi k wl dg withi
a er a ch t k ly ne no e e n r ea , oo on
wh t w ss t i l t His v c ti
a as e Though en m y a o o a on . on an
subj cts H sh d t h ig
e ce w ll t h k wl dg
a re e n ora n e as e as e no e e
o f His c t mpo i s y t H h d t c mm d ll high

on e rar e , e e a a o an a er
t u t h which
r b ssimil t d by p f ct hu m f culty
ca n e a a e er e an a .
I His u iqu k wl dg
n f G d H k ws th t
n e l tiv ly
no e e o o e no a re a e
t which
o ll ls is but subo di t d t il
a e This is th
e r na e e a . e
1
B en s ow, op ci t 1 25
h
. . .
2
I s ay a l l q ua l i t i es eq u a l l y , et i ca l an d p h y s i cal f or wh il e n o st ai n o f
s i n ev e r t ou c
“
h ed H i s h ol i n es s , i t i s cl ea r f ro m J es us
’
rep l y t o t h e y out h wh o
good Mast er t h a t we ca nn ot p red i ca t e of H i m t h e c a n gel ess

”
ca ll ed Him h
a n d u n t em p t a bl e p er ec t i on of God p er s e fTh ere i s a m od i fi ca t i on t ere ore h f
h
.
e v en of t h e a t t ri b ut es w i ch Th oma s i us ca ll s i m m a n en t , b ut t h e mod i fica t i on
i s n ot i n t hi e r ess en ce bu t i n t h f ei r or m of e x i s t en ce .
478 TH E P E RSON or J ESUS CH R I S T
ki d f
n o m isci c th t s ms t b cl im d f
sp i r i tu a l o n en e a ee o e a e or
Him i t h G sp ls n e o e .
Th s m p i cipl m y b ppli d to om ip t c
e a e r n e a e a e n o en e,
p vid d w b w ll i mi d th t th is
ro e e earsuch e n n a ere no
thi g v i G d
n , e om ip t c which is t
en n o ,
as an n o en e no
m lly co diti d G d is lmighty i t h s s th t

ora n on e . o a n e en e a
H h e p w t d wh t v H m y will ; d th t
as o er o o a e er e a an a
H e m y will f th
a s k f His hum child , ort e a e o an ren , o
li mit His lmigh t i ss t sl ti g it i t a fo m m ne ,

ra n a n n o a r co
p t ibl with
a e xp i c is v y c dibl to th s wh
ou r e e r en e, er re e o e o
b li v i th sup m cy f H ly L v N t ly
e e e n e re a o o o e . o on so,
but i th hist ic J sus th is d iv d p w v

n e or e e re a er e o er o er
th s uls f m
e o v tu which m y b v i w d
o en , as o er na re, a e e e
as a m difi d f m f t h p w
o f G dh d
e It is t
or o e o er o o ea . no
o m ip t c i mp li i t but it is suc h p w withi t h

n o en e s c er , o er n e
hu m li m its w f l t b ki to lmighti ss d
an as e ee o e a n a ne an
p ph tic f th h u wh t h Ris L d sh uld y

ro e o e o r en e en or o sa :
Al l p w is giv M i h v th Om i ”
o er d i en e n ea en a n n ea r . n
p s c is m b ffli g ; d y t p h ps ly t fi st
re e n e ore a n an e er a on a r
sigh t W h v t st ip ff t h f ls d is t ic p th istic
. e a e o r o e a e e or an e
a ss ci ti s wi t h which th id h b c m
o a on c ust d e ea as e o e en r e ,
an d t c g is th t wh t f ith ss ts f G d is t
o re o n e a a a a er o o no
th t H is v ywh p s t i
a e i fi it ly xt d d
e er ere re en n an n n e e en e
u iv s with physic l ubiquity lik t h t f th but

n er e, a a e a o e e r,
th t H is bs lut ly sup i t d i d p d t f t h
a e a o e e r or o, a n n e en en o , e
limi t ti s f sp c
a d dist c
on But o th Et l
a e an an e . as e e rn a
m y a t tim H m y h v p sitiv
e n er l ti s to
e, so e a a e o e re a on
sp c d th sp ti l lif w liv N w this t sc d c

a e an e a a e e e . o ra n en en e
o f sp ti l limit t i s c mbi d with th s positiv

a a al ti on , o ne e e e re a on
ships is p s t i mplicit i Ch ist s d m ptiv missi

,
re en or n r
’
re e e on
— i His t iumph t c p city th t is t cc mplish i

n r an a a ,
a , o a o n
P al sti e u iv s lly d t lly v lid wo k

ne a n er a an e ern a a r un
h mp d by t h b u ds f h
a er e d th A p te o n o
“
ere an ere . s ar
o f histo y His w k h d t d pl c y t its p w

r , or as a a e an a e, e o er
f ar t sc ds th m S t h et l f m f Divi
ra n en e . o e ern a or o ne
e xi t c d t h tim f m
s en e h vit lly l t d t
an e e —
or a re ere a re a e o
ea ch th Tho xch g f t h
er . f th th is e e an e o e on e or e o er no
ne a g tio f G d s sp cific b i g ; it is th sup m

n o o
’
e e n e re e
4 80 TH E PERSON OF J ES US CH RI ST
a bl f yi ldi g to si l ss tu
e o e Ab n m l pow d a n e na re . n or a er a n
k wl dg it is t
no e His i t rmitt tly ; but t ch
e, r ue , a re n e en a ea
ju c t t h y w such His w k d m d d d f i t
n ure e e re as or e an e , an a n
l gi s v t His p ss ssi f th Spi it m y b f u d

ana o e e en o o e on o e r a e o n
i t h lif
nf f p ph t
e d postl
e o H w si m ply bou d
ro e an a e . e as n
t b wh t H
o e m d t b a P y d d th
e seeth e o e . ra er an ea a re e
s ls f His
ea o ss with us H ds G d v wh
on en e . e n ee o , e en en
H h s His lif ; d i p y H fi ds H i m d y by
e S a re e an n ra er e n a
d y a A d
. d th is th m st l thi g w d
n as J sus
ea e o rea n e o, so e
di d wh His h u h d c m lyi g d w u d th sod

e en o r a o e, n o n n er e
i whom th dw lt p w which p f ct m '
a s on e n ere e no o er a er e an
h d c uld t m di t
oo o I His h u m
no lif th e a e . n an e on ea r , as
I C t w it s M b ly H is t s m tim s but
n a rn a e , r e o er ,
“
e no o e e ,
c sis t tly lw ys i v y t d v y d t il hu m
on en , a a ,
n e er ac an e er e a ,
an .
Th I c e t v l v s His I c ti
n a rn a e ne Wh t er ea e n ar na on . a
e v t h v c f th i m tiv m y b m d h m t
er e re e ren e o e r o e a e, en o ar o
c sis t cy d t uth by k pi g p
on en an it w r ee n o en as ere a n on
hu m ph an S sp ct of t h I c ti
ere or a This p i g e e n a rn a on . O en n
w sh uld u
e s v dly d si to cl s Th w
o n re er t e e re o e . ere ere no
tw xist c s f withi t h I c t id by sid with

o e en e o ,
or n, e n a rn a e , S e e
on e a n oth If it is l l Divi it is ll h u m t
er . By a n e, a an oo .
l ki g f the Divi id by sid with t h hum i st d

oo n or ne S e e e an , n ea
of disc i g t h Divi withi t h h u m w miss th

er n n e ne n e an , e e
sig ifica c f th m b th
n n It is f t l to t mp with
e o e o .
” 1
a a a er
th G sp l st i s by ch cki g
e o e fi st i sti ct to
or e e n ou r r n n
u d st d th m hum ly ; by pplyi g
n er an u k ow
e an a n an n n n
st d d f divi ity w sh ll b u t l s th m
an ar o d bn e a o e e an , an e
n o n e a re r God .
This h w v b i gs up th q stio wh th th S
,
o e er, r n e ue n e er e on
I c t v h v k w Hims lf to b Divi
n ar n a e ca n e W er a e no n e e ne . as
th k e i such th t it
en os s ull d v t h c sci us ss f a ann e e en e on o ne o
a high l ti ship ? S m w it h v c t d d th t
e r re a on o e r ers a e on en e a
t th
o d Ch is t
e mi d u w
en f His b i g G d r re a ne na a re o e n o
i fl sh u gi g th t
n e ,
oth t ms r w ss t t h
n a on n o er er can e a er e
g ui ly h u m ch ct of His xp i c I p
en ne an a ra er e e r en e . n ar
ti l it h b h ld th t w h il i w
c u ar, impossibility
as een e a e s n as an
f J sus w m y c c iv this imp ssibility h vi g b

or e , e a on e e o as a n een
1
At on em en t and P erson a li ty, 9 7 .
J ESUS ’
C ONS CI O USNESS or D I V I NI T Y 481
hidd f m H ims l f so th t H f c d ch w c flict

en ro e ,
a e a e ea ne on
with t h t li t y f ff t th t fus l t cou t t h iss u

a rea o e or ,
a re a o n e e a
f g c clusi which is vit lly ch ct istic f m l

ore on e on on a ara er o ora
lif A d f m t his it might s m t f ll w th t His

e . n ro ee o o o a
p im y d sc t i t t h sph
r ar e f fi i t d h d v il d i
en n o e ere o n u e a e e n
ne sci c His t l l ti ship t th F th Y t w

en e e e rn a re a on o e a er . e e
n ee d t t gl th two p siti s with ch th

no e n an e It e o on ea o er .
ca n on ly h v b i m tu m h d d p h ps i t a e ee n n a re an oo an er a n er
m i t t t ly th t Ch ist b c m
en w f His divi ity which
a r e a e a a re o n —
must h v m i d f Him a e re bj ct f f i th t t h v y
a ne or an o e o a o e er
en d N w if i c
. ti m s Divi s l f subj c t i t
o ,
n a rn a on ean ne e - e on o
th e c diti s f on lif t d s t pp th t v
on o ou r e I oe no a ear a e en
such discov y Ch ist s p t f His w ss ti l S

a er on r ar o o n e en a on
ship m ust i vit bly sugg s t t Him th t t l imp ssibility

ne a e o e o a o
o f m l f ilu or a But whil His su c f vict y

a re . e as ra n e o or ca n
ne v h v b m ch ic l such t disp s Him

er a e een e an a , or as o en e
f m vigil c
ro ff t s s s f d p ssi it w
an e, or e or , or ea on o e re on , a s n on e
t h l ss
e l d c mm di g Th is
e rea an s why His o an n . er e n o rea on
c sci us ss f u iqu i ti m cy with t h F th

on o ne o d f n e n a e a er, a n o
t h c uci l imp t
e r c f His m issi sh uld t h v i m
a or a n e o on , o no a e
p t d t J sus i ch t mpt ti
ar e o e fi mly b s d
, n ea e a on , a r - a e con
fid of victo y th ugh H k w t i dv c h w
en ce r , o e ne no n a an e o or
h w so
o th fi l t iu m ph w uld b v uchs f d
on e na r o e o a e .
I y c s it is
n an l y by d g s th t th full m i g
a e, on e ree a e ea n n
o f His l ti ship t th F th with its t l i m p l ic t s

re a on o e a er, e e rn a a e ,
ca n hv b k a J sus mi d Th s lf ifi i
e ro en on e
’
n . e e -sa cr ce n
which His thly l if igi t d d w v il ov th s ear e or na e re a e er e e
u l t im t liti s But if H liv s i gl y w d if

a e r ea e . e e n or no , an an
u i t upt d u ity bi ds t h p s t m j sty t th

n n e rr e n n e re en a e o e
m tl c
or a w l d t b li v th t t h v il must
a r eer , e a re e o e e e a e e
g du lly h v w thi
ra a d m a t sluc t u til
e orn n n er an ore ra n en ,
n ,
a t l st i high m m ts f visit ti H k w Hims lf

ea n o en o a on , e ne e
t b G d c
o diti d i
e o d by hum ity
on I wh t v on e n an an . n a e er
w ys th sig ific c f His l t i ship t G d b t y d

a e n an e o re a on o o e ra e
i t s lf His u sh d u ity wi t h t h F th must t l gth

e ,
n a re n e a er a en
h v c m t st d b f His mi d d fi it ly
a e o e o anti t e ore n e n e a s con s u
tiv f His p
e o lity Oth wis w sh uld h v t e rs on a . er e e o a e o
th i k of s m m m t f myst i us p c l yps t th
n o e o en o er o a o a e— a e
3 1
4 82 TH E P ERSON OF J ESUS CH RI S T
re s u cti p su m bly wh i c diti s t which w

r re on re a —
en n on on o e
ca n a tt ch thic l sig ific c th Ris L d w k to

a no e a n an e e en or a o e
His w divi ity This h

o n l ti t t h d t f th
n . as n o re a on o e a a o e
N w T st m t
e e Th subj ct h w v
a en f t h g du l
. e e ,
o e er, o e ra a ex
f t h Divi hum xp i c will c m b f us

g
p i
a n s on o e n e- an e er en e o e e or e
i
n th xt ch pt
e ne I o ly t h i p ssi g wh t
a er . n no e ere n a n a
will th b dw lt e re e e on .
It w uld s m th t th s lf imp siti of lim its by

o ee a e e - o on
Divi l v m u st b c c iv d f
ne o e g t sup t mp l e on e e o as a rea ra - e ora
ac t by which i th lmigh ti ss f g c t h S ch s
,
n e a ne o ra e, e on o e
t p ss i t h um
o a lif A i fi it ly p g t t ; f
n o an e . n n n e re n an ac or
i
n t u th it i v lv d
r ll t h c flict n u ci ti
o de a e on ,
ren n a on , an
a chi v m t f th lif t whic h i t w th p lud But

e e en o e e o as e re e .
it is t p ssibl t c c iv f this t h vi g b
no o e o on e e o ac as a n een
c ti u usly p t d th ugh ut t h
on n o re thly lif W
ea e ro o e ea r e . e
c t thi k f th I c t O
anno n o c fi i g Hi m s lf e n arn a e ne as on n n e
f m m m t to mom t by xplicit v liti withi t h

ro o en en ,
e o on , n e
f ti s f m h d Th t w uld simply l d b ck t t h
ron er o an oo . a o ea a o e
o ld u t bl c c pti f k yp i by which th Divi

n en a e on e on o a r s s e ne
S lf i
e Ch ist v ils His l fti tt ibut s w l ss w
n r e o er a r e ,
no e no
m ore , d is ctu t d i
an ch c s by did ctic m tiv s
a a e n ea a e a o e .
T o re tu thus t th tic du li t y f m t l lif i

rn o a e or e a o en a e n ou r
L d g i st which l l m d Ch ist l gy h b
or a a n a o ern r o o as een a
p t st is su ly to i g i st light Th cc pt c f
ro e ,
re s n a a n . e a e an e o
hum l t i ships t tu t m t G d b l gs
an re a on — o na re, o an , o o —
e on
t th
o t l t sc d t sph
e e ern a d fi itiv s ttl d
or ra n en en e re , a s a e n e e e
ac t ; it is t s m t hi g c sci usly d c ti u usly

no o e n on o an on n o re
ne w d i tim Wh t i c ti u us with t h d cisiv t

e n e . a s on n o e e e ac
o f s lf e ducti is h m l qu li ty f t h li f
-re on th t e ora a o e e on ear ,
th e p m t s lf c s c ti f J sus will But t h

er a n en e - on e ra on o e
’
. e
s lf li mit ti t sc d tly chi v d

e - a on , si gl fi l
ra n en en a e e as a n e, na
d d i ugu t s p m t c di t i
ee ,
na ra e st t f lif
a er a n en on on or a e o e,
a mid ci cumst c s f ch g d su ff i g c f ll
r an e o an e an er n on e or a
a cc pt de e .
li s f gum t f t supp s d t b vit l t

Two ne o ar en o en o e o e a o
a c mpl t K tic s t t m t
o e e t ic bly bs t f m
en o a e en a re no ea a en ro
th f e g i g xp si t i
ore Fi st psych l gic l th y is
o n e o on . r ,
no o o a eor
4 84 TH E PERSON OF J ESUS C H RI S T
omn isci t wh dw lls i ll c tu s by vi tu f

en , o e n a re a re r e o
i li bl ubiquity
na en a e th th th W d v lu t ily ,
on e o er e or o n ar
re st i d i m h d A d f th s tw
ra n e n xis t i g
an oo . n o e e o c o-e n
s t t s t h t l d ch g l ss st t is t h b idi g
a e , e e e rn a an an e e a e e a n
dy m ic g u d f t h t m p l
na ro n o e e ora .
My s f p ssi g v this i sil c is t

rea on or a n o er n en e no
th t v i us l gi s m
a ar o l ss l v t d i st uct
a na o e — ore or e re e an an n r
iv e— c uld t b dd c d t illust t t h id f
o no e a u e o ra e e ea o a
p s li ty fu c t i i g i
e r on a du l l t i ship t its
n on n n a a re a on o en
i
v ron m t Y t
en v.
1
cl s sc ti y v ls t h e e en s o, a o er ru n re ea e
f ct th t ll such l gi s
a a a d f ctiv t m an a o e a re e e e a on e or ore
vit l p i ts Th us t t k
a o n . d t il th L g s i c t ,
o a e on e e a , e o o n arn a e
h as hyp th i
ex di c t k wl dg f t h c smic
o es no re no e e o e o
a c t iviti s p dic t d f t h L g s t
e re m But th
a e o e o o ex r a ca r n e . e re
a re tw c sid ti s f m imp t c Fi st t h N w
o on era on o ore or a n e . r , e e
T st m t d t
e a en i s ffi ci t Bish p W st h s id
a a a re n u en . o e on as a
th t g l t d cy f t h N w T st m t is
“
a th e e n era en en o e e e a en
t w ds t h d ct i f t h p m c f t h u iv s l
o ar e o r ne o e er a n en e o e n er a
lif d c smic fu cti s f t h t l W d

e an o th i n on o e e e rn a or
”
2—
e r
p m c i du i g Ch is t s lif
er a n en e, .
th
e . But t h
,
r n r
’
e on ea r . e
p h s s h h ci t d f m S t P ul d t h E pistl t t h
ra e e as e ro . a an e e o e
H b ws
e re b m d t ca n c y his i t p t ti e ly by a e o a rr n er re a on on
a p ti ti
e
p i ipoi i ; f ir ncb t h w it s t h t m S or n o r er e er on , a s
sch l s vi tu lly g d h f c p im ily t t h

o ar a re r a a ree ,
a s r e e r en e r ar o e
hist ic d ex l t d Ch is t N t h i g ls
or an a b ssum d
e r . o n e e ca n e a e
t b i
o e vi w At m st th p st lic s t t m ts t h
n e . o , en , a o o a e en on e
s bj ct v if w supp s th m t h v h d th p bl m
u e — e en e o e e o a e a e ro e
b f th i mi ds l v it d cid d S t J h d s t
e ore e r n —
ea e un e e . . o n oe no
e v k w wh t is m t by t h W d i c t wi t h ut
en no a ea n e or n ar n a e o
l ki g t t h s t y f J sus ; d w m y t h f
oo n a e g d
or o e an e a er e or e r e ar
it i m p b bl t h t h w uld h v c d t t
as ro a e a e o a e a re o e n er on
s p cul ti s t t h
e a on i c t W d
as o e n on - n a rn a e or .
S c dly it is sc c ly p ssibl
e on , t this p i t t cquit ar e o e a o n o a
c t i t diti l gum ts f t d cy t di th i s m
er a n ra on a ar en o a en en o e .
Th s it is u g d t h t t h c ss ti f t h i c t W d
u r e a e e a on o e n a rn a e or
f m His u iv s l ctiviti s must p duc c sm ic ch s

ro n er a a e ro e a o ao .
B t u pl
a dubi us w uld s m t i v lv th f g t
ea s o o o ee o n o e e ar rea e r
1
See f or e xa m
p le Wes t on ,
op . ci t . 15 1 .
2
I bid 1 15 . .
RI TSCH L AN D K ENO T ICI S M 485
re ligi us p il f s p ti g t h F th f om t h S i
o er o so e a ra n e a er r e on
‘
n a
'
c smic f c
o t d g t h m th is t ic vi w f
r e e re n e as o en an er e on o e e o
t h T i i ty
e dr n g t iv t h i p bi li t i i t ti p ti
an ne a e e nse a r a s r n a s o er a c
so m m bly mph sis d by A ugus t i

e ora If th
e t m a e ne . e er
p s i T i i t i d ct i is m th
er on
”
n r n sp ct it a r an o r ne ore an
“
a e ,
is c t i ly l ss th i dividu l Aft l l it is fu d
er a n e an
“
n a .
”
er a ,
a n a
m t l t uth th t th w ld is uph ld by G d t by
en a r a e or e o ,
no a
c stit t p t f G d Th
on uen or sph s i which
ar o o . e re a re ere n
divi si of l b u is u m i g W m us t simply c f ss
on a o r n ea n n . e on e
th t w k w thi g f
a e no xist c f t h L g s p t
no n o an e en e o e o o a ar
f m but sy ch us wi t h His lity i J sus d th t

A
ro n ron o r ea n e ,
an a
st t m t s f d gm tic ch ct
a e en o t h subj ct h v
a o a ara er on e e a e no
a pp h sibl re li t y f
en mi ds e r ea or our n .
It will b s th t th s c sid ti s b with

e een a e e on era on ea r
e qu l f c a th i s f
or e on pp sit k i d Th y b f
e or e o an O o e n . e ea r, or
i st c
n an G d t s vi w t h t du i g th p i d f t h
e, on o e
’
e a r n e er o o e
ear thly li f wh t h xis c of th S wi t hi t h G d

e, en e e t en e e On n e o
h d w i t upt d f tim t h F th Hi m s lf ff c t d
ea as n err e or a e, e a er e e e e
wh t is m ll y ff ct d by t h m di t i of t h W d
a n or a e e e e e a on e or .
1
B t t h is is t
u b wis b v wh t is w itt
o Ov
e ll e a o e a r en . er a
s u ch p bl ms th h gs cu t i lik f discu siv

ro e ere an a r a n, a e or r e
k wl dg d f f i t h A d
no e e an mpl y m t or b l ss a . n no e o en ca n e e
re w di g th th c s t u cti of hyp th s s f whi ch w

ar n an e on r on o e e or e
p ss ss d t
o e no a a .
h ps th st g st bl w im d t th K tic
P er a e ron e o a e a e en o
p i cipl c m f m Ri t h l wh h s id th t by v y
r n e a e ro sc ,
en e a a er
d fi i t i it d p iv s us f t h ight t y th t w fi d
e n on e r e o e r o sa a e n
God i J s s F t h K tist h puts it Ch i t

n e u . or e en o ,
as e ,
“
r s ,
t l st i His thly xist c h G dh d t ll ”

2
a ea n ea r e en e, as n o o ea a a .
IV t h ch g m d
e re t it w uld m
e th t t h i i mi
ar e a e ou ,
o ean a e n cr n
t d cl ss h d p t d t h m is t k f th
a e a a li L g sre ea e e a e o e ear er o o
Ch ist l gy which w h v s t ught m t fi d i

r o o , , as e a e ee n , a en o n n
J sus t G d Hims lf b t i f i Divi ss c A

e , no o e , u an n e r or ne e en e .
full ply t th ccus ti w uld h v to i qui wh th

re o e a a on o a e n re e er
th Ritsch l i
e c c pti f wh t is m t by p dic ti g
an on e on o a ea n re a n
Comm en ta ry on S t J ohn s Gosp el

.
1 '
. .
3
J u s t ifica t i mt a nd Recorwi l i a t i on 4 10 .
TH E
’
P E RSON OF J E S S CH RI ST U
G dh d of t h hist ic Ch ist is its lf s tisf ct y It m y
o ea e or r e a a or . a
b e p i t d t h w v th t wh t Ri t h l g ds
o n e ou ,
o e er , a a sc re ar as
an i sup bl d i ffi l ty t h bs c f c t i Divi
n e ra e cu — e a en e o er a n ne
q li t i s is simply ss ti l t t h p s l dv t f G d
ua e —
e en a o e er on a a en o o
i
n tim Su ly the is t uth i th gum t f
. re e re r n e ar en o a
sugg stiv w it th t wh v G d v ls Hi m s lf t h
e e r er, a er e er o re ea e , e
v ili g is
e n l t h v l ti a s reaCh m ist y d s t as e re e a on . e r oe no
sh w y m of Him th th is i ch mist y ; t h
o an or e an er e n e r e
re v l t i will b l l shut up wi thi its l ws d li m it ti s

e a on e a n a an a on .
M y w a t xp ct th t i
e no h ist y et h pl f hum
e a n or ,
on e an e o an
a ff i s t h
a r s m l w will bt i ? If G d d s t put
, e a e a o a n o oe no
m ore o f Hims lf i t c h m ist y th ch mist y will h ld

e n o e r an e r o ,
w m y xp ct th t H will
e a e t put m e f Hims lf i t a e no or e o e n o
hu m ity th hu m ity will h ld A d thus t h s lf

an an an o . n e e
li mit ti th s lf m ptyi g f D ity which w

a on , e e t ld is
-e n o e e a re o
an imp ssibl c c pti b c m s t h fi st c diti f y

o e on e on , e o e e r on on o an
re v l ti t ll
e a Th p siti
on ad f d d h is th t
a .
”
1
e o on e en e e re a
on ly ly by co t cti g His Divi ful ss withi

s o— on n ra n ne ne n
ea r thly li mits c uld th d mi g G d d w igh t — o e re ee n o ra n o
m an Fu t h t h lif f J sus xhibi t s t us p cis ly

. r er, e e o e e o re e
th t d i g f t u d ity i hu m t ms th t bs lut
a ren er n o r e e n an er ,
a a o e
p f ct ss f lif i sh t m su s which sw s t
er e ne o e
“
n or ea re ,
an er o
th K e tic p i cipl
en o ightly u d st d W r n d th e as r n er oo . e re a e
G sp ls d w fi d th t i J sus th w f it h nd h p
o e , an e n a n e ere as a a o e
an d l v i p f ct ful ss ; th t H liv d i u b k
o e n er e ne a e e n n ro en
i ti m cy wit h t h F th ; th t H m if st d G d t m
n a e a er a e an e e o o en
as bs lut h li ss l v
a o d f ed m ; th t H ct d
o ne ,
o e, an re e o a e a e a
Divi p t i th xp i c f t h si ful f givi g th i

ne ar n e e er e n e o e n ,
or n e r
i iquiti s d imp ti g
n e w d b l ss d lif
an I Him ar n a ne an e e e. n
th is lis d
e re th th h u m lif f G d d it is
re a e on ea r e an e o o ,
an
a lif wh s chi f st gl y co sists i v lu t y d sc t

e o e e e or n n a o n ar e en
f m d pth t d pth f
ro e xp i c It is t h p s l
o e o ou r e e r en e . e er on a
p s c f G d i O wh is ith m isci t
re e n e o o n ne o ne er o n en n or
ubiquit us lmigh t y
o G d p n or must b b t is
a — as o er se e— u
p f ct L v d H li ss d F d m i t m f p f c t
er e o e an o ne an r ee o n er s o er e
h u m ity an .
1
Bri erl ey , A sp ects o
f th e Sp i r i tu a l , 3 5 .
488 E RSON OF J ES US CH R I S TTH E P
not q u t d i t i h ld t h t t h
e a e u i u i th
, p h w
s i t h i e a e n con s c o s s e S ere n
wh i h D i i c d hu m lv neTh i m u tu l i fl u
an an coa e s ce. e r a n en ce
t k a ff t b l w t h d i i d i g li
es e ec t wh i h t h
e o ul t t e v n - ne a c e re s an con
s ci ou s n ess e m erges .
I can on ly u mm i s hi h t h i t iki g
ar s e th e j
ob e ct i on s to w c s s r n
gu m t S d y u Wi t h ’
ar m t b
en see p d s o D e ex osed . r . an a s n re s er v e
d l ti u i ty d i t y f J u l i f d ’
e c ara t th
on s as o e n an con s s e n c o es s e, an
hi s t
a cce
p f t h
a n ce
p i t i toh t t h i e p i bl
os on a
“
er e s no os s e or
d i bl di i i
e s ra e b tw v s on wh t i hu m i H im d wh t i e e en a s an n an a s
th wi ll I i m gi l y m p thy B t w
”
Di i v n e, e re b g ,
a n e, e en e ra s a . u e
mu t s k wh t has hi p i l
e lu ti f th p bl m
er s S b
ec a so on o e ro e can e
p m er t ly m i t i
an e n d a n a ne .
( ) I tha u p i i ty f t h u
S e s i u
er or lly t bl ? o e n con s c o s re a en a e
Subli m i l p na i d ub t
rocess i di p bl s no mi t t f o an n s e n sa e con co an o
a l l m t l l i f ; p y h l gy w uld h w v
en a e s c l i t t th
o o o , o e e r, c as s no as e
h igh f m b t er or ,
ub di t d i ll y d i ti f t h
u as a s or na e an an c ar con on o e
f lly
u i u I t t t d qu l i t y
con sc o s . s con e nl ik d i v d f m an a a re a e er e ro
c on s c oiu ; i P f s n ess St ut n w d it i ro essor g i d o

’
s or s,
“
s an or an s e
s yt m fs e d i ti
o wh i h h b f m d i d th u gh
con on s c ave ee n or e n an ro
byg on e i u con s c o p i F m th
s ex th i l p i t f
er en ce i w . ro e e ca o n o v e
th ed i ffi ul ty i c ti ll g s d I d s t fi d i t m i t i g t d by
ra v er, an o no n a e
wh t h b u g d t t h li
a as e en r e d ti v as h t f o e
“
ve an ac e c ara c er o
th e t t
con e n s f u bl i m i l m i do s i t i d p d tly na pti v n ,
or s n e en en rece e
c on act t wi t h t h ui D e th ub i u h v m l
n v e rs e . oe s e s con s c o s a e ora
qu li t i f y ki d ? I t yi ld t m ly t h i p i ti
a es o an n f e s no e re e ns ra on s o
g iuen sh i m b t th d i d d d i h t b u d i ti
or e ro s ,
u e s or ere an n co e re n a s r es
o f d m ; ire a s v gu d d ubi u m g i tu d f t hi t
s a a e an o s a n e o s sor
ca c l ul t d t h l p
a e ot i t p t J u ? W hy h u l d w t k
e us o n er re es s s o e a e
t h i h lf lit gi f p y h i l i f g d i g wh i h w
s a -
re on o s c ly c e , re ar n c e ca n on
p k hy p t h ti l ly t d h d i it t f u
s ea o e ca - —
ca n n o
or a s ec on an s n ce o co rs e
b k w di
e no tly
n d
rec
y t h t i t ff
— t u
an d m sa w thy a o ers a r er a n ore or
d w ll i g p l
e n -
m di u m f G d h d th
a ce or e i p v i d d by t h o o ea an s ro e e
full i t i ty f n en s i u o ? I qu t i con sc o wh t h Ch i t i
s n ess es on e er r s an
my t i i m is c s lly D S d y id Th m y t i pp
s rea on r . an a
’
s s e . e s cs a ear
t f th ul p ti i p ti i G d t Hi p
o re er e so
’
s ar c i ath i on n o o s res e n ce n e r
con sc o i u th i
sn e ss, k wl dg will d f l i g t l t p
e r no e e, , an ee n — a ea s re
d mio t ly
n an L tly th ub i u h ffi i t i t h wi t h
. as ,
e s con sc o s as a n es ra er
l p i f t l i f d im l i ti t ; wh i h ugg t t h t i t i
s ee ,
n an e, an an a ns nc c s es s a s
o f ah t t hum bl d i ti ul t f D S d y
c arac er oo e an n ar c a e or r. an a
’
s
g t
rea er pu p r os e .
( )
b I f t i lly
n ere n t h w t h a
y i v lv e p t ine f eor n o es a con ce on o
DR . S A N DA Y S
’
EOR Y 4 8 9
P Y S CH OL OGI CAL TH
d i ty
e u k w bl G d i t
as n no a e i u mi d k w t
. o s no con s c o s n no n o or
i i
n con s c e n c e a n d b t t u h rea son , th b t h th l i
u o c es us ra er e n ea e ne
o f l c ear t h u gh t d m
o l v l iti an Y t Ch i t i ora d fi o Hi m on . e r s ans e ne
as l ov e a nd h li x i t i g i t h f m f Ab lu t P
o n e ss e s n li ty ;
n e or o so e ers on a
l ov e i u
con sc o th i l s,ti l B t th i i m thi g w
e ca ,
ra on a . u s s so e n e
s i mply t p t i t m
ca n n o f th u
u n i er W k w wh t
s o e n con sc ous . e no a
i m t by y i g th t t h l wh i h l k d t f Ch i t ’
s ean sa n a e ov e c oo e ou o r s s
t u hi g m li d m k i g ll t h i g th m
’
e y es , o c n en s v es w f an a n a n s ne or e ,
w as li t lly t h l e ra f G d H i m lf
e ov e B t h w h ll w
o o p k se . u o s a e s ea
o f aH ly L o wh fi h m i i
ov e th
os e ubli mi l ? Th ly
t o e s n e s na e on
e p i th t i gh t ly p p l i d t d i t y h v h i t h t b
e s r a e o d w f m
e a e er o e en ra n ro
th e sph f ere i u w i ll
o d
con s c o ; i f th y
s vt d an reason e are e oe ,
as
th e ne w th y p p t t t h m G d b m i d i b bl
e or a ears o ve o e ,
o eco es n es cr a e
an d u k w n no F u th n th
. f t wh i h h r b
e r,
pp l d t
e ac s c av e e en a ea e o
a ll t h u gh t h ro g i p f t h t i Ch i t d i ty d hu m i ty
e a es n r oo a n r s e an an
w er e co mbi d thne f Hi
, p i i t u l u t h i ty H i
a re ose o i l s s r a a or ,
s s n es s
n ess , Hi d mi g p w
s re ee H i fil i l n iu o e r, d th s a con s c o sn e ss , an e
lik C t i ly th i my t y i th m i f t ti b t t h
e . er a n e re s s er n e an es a on , u e
my t y i i th
s er s f m f n i
ese or d i sI f l i
o cons c ous n ess, a n s, ee ,
n no
w y a l i d by b i g f d t
re ev e e n i u t bl r e e rre i u o an n scr a e n on -con sc o s
b kg u d
ac ro n .
( ) Dc t h oe s w hy p h i
t e lly d t h h u ti g
ne o es s rea e va e e a n n
d u li m f t d i t i
a s o ? It i p p
ra ond th t i t d f s ti l
ro os e a n s ea o a v er ca
li b t w t h w tu
ne e een e i t ld d t i w h ul d
o na res, as n o er oc r n e, e s o
d w ra h i t l li b t w th upp hu m m d ium d
a or z on a ne e een e er an e an
th l w e o d p wh
er eed i ty h s h m D S d y it i t u
er e e as a o e . r . an a , s r e,
i i t t h t t h i t fu i
ns s s a ef Di i n er d hu m s on i ff t d i
o v ne an an s e ec e n
th e re gi f t h
on o ub i u e s t h t i t i i
con s c o ubl i m i l w h
s , so l a s n a s na o e
wh th u i h l dy b
ere e n on l i d th t th ul ti g full
as a re a een re a se a e re s n
c on sc o iu i B t t hi i
s n e s s ar s es w y lt
. th
u f t th t t h
s n no a a e rs e ac a e
full iu
con sc o i qu t i s n es s i m ly hum
n es th t t
on h
s er e an , s o a o rea c
th e Di i i J u w m u t t i ll q i t t h hu m
v ne n es s e ph s W s u e an s ere . e
s t i ll gu f
ar m e t th
ro th on e
p i g i o i t h d
e i ti
o er, a ss n n e er re c on
by d i ti t m m t f t i ti ; w d t
a s nc ov e en o th m ra n s on e o no s ee e
i d t ifi d
en m g d i li i g
e or er e b t h f i th d t h i d l
n v n on e n es s , a s o a an e ea
Ch i t l gy
r s o o l w mu t ar e c e a r e s .
I l t p mphl t ( P
n a a er a li ty i Ch i t
e d i O
er son a l n r s an n u rse ves,
19 1 1 ) D S d y r . d
an th t h m y h
a con ce m d th b u d y
es a e a ave a e e o n ar
li b t w
ne e een i u d ub
con sc o i u t h t h p Th
s an s con s c o s ra er oo s ar . e
ac ti on d an ti b t w t h t w ph i m u t u l d
re ac on e e en e o s er es s a an
in cessa n t N . d h orwi h h
oes lp i t t t th
e s ,
as e ex a n s, o rea e
4 90 PERSON OF J ESUS CH RI S T
TH E
s u bl i m i l p u p i t th u p li m i l B t if thi b
na as er se s er or o e s ra na . u s e
so, th qu ti i wh t h
e es onf th m i
s
gu m e t f er h i on e o e a n ar en s or s
th eor y wh l h as ta i h d W mu t b
o e as bl t
no v an s e . e s e a e o
p di t
re f th ub i u d p ffi i ty wi th th D i i if
ca e o e s con s c o s a ee er a n e v ne
it i t s k p ll
o ra n th as pt l f
ar i d w lli g
ex ce en ce e re c e ac e or n e n or
i t d G dh d
n carn a e ffi i t y whi h I h v
o ea
gu d
,
an a t b n c a e ar e can n o e
mad e o t
u 1 .
1
Cf wi th t h e ab ov e t wo
. f ll
u an d su ggest i v e a r t i cl es b y P ro fess or H en ri
B oi s i n t h e Mon t a uba n Revu e d e Th eol ogi e f or J ul y an d Se p t e mb er 1 9 11,
whi ch d ea l a t c on s i d era bl e l en gt h wi t h D r Sa n d a y s t eory
’
h an d its cri t i cs .
f B
.
P ro essor oi s a
grees wi t h D r S an d ay i n h old i n g t h a t t h e s ub con sci ous is
h p y h l gi
.
t e s c o o cal l ocu s of t h e i n d wel li n

g God i n J esus, but of j
re ect s th e
ort h d Ti io ox r n t ari an back groun d of t h e n ew y p ot h esi s h .
4 92 THE PERSON OF J ESUS CH R I S T
b k p Ch ist s si gl p so i to t h t w u l t d
rea u r
’
n e er n n e o n re a e
h lv s which y such vi w must p stul t His lif w

a e an e o a e . e, e
a re su is u ity b th i b i g d d i g ; d ll
re , a n o n e n an o n an a our
e ff ts t sh w h w it is
or o d wh t s t
o f it is
o on e , an a or o on e ,
p supp s this u ity pp h d d f m th fi st by t h

re o e n as a re en e ro e r e
Ch isti c sci us ss If g wth is p dic bl f

r an on o ne . ro re a e o on e
a sp ct f t h wh l it is p dic bl f t h wh l to which
e o e o e, re a e o e o e
th t sp ct b l gs It is i c c iv bl th t wh t w t
a a e e on . n on e a e a a en
on i Ch ist s m h d m d
n r di ff c i His t t l
’
an oo a e no e r en e n o a
p s er on Fu th mo ch g is
. c ss y c diti f
r er re , an e a ne e ar on on o
lif i hist y i which fi it

e n lity c m s t its lf
or , n n e rea o e o e
th ugh th issu s f f
ro d m tiv d cti
e I e p o ree an o e a on . n ar
ti l v y lity f th ki d c ll d thic l t ly
c u ar, e er r ea o e n a e e a no on
r ea lis s b u t wi s its lif th ugh i t cti with ch g

e n e ro n era on a an
i g
n vi m t which s v s t duc
en ron end v l its er e o e e an re ea
l t tly m o l ch ct
a en Lif f v y m l g t li s
ra a ra er . e or e er ora a en e
o p i t h di cti of th f tu ; h is b c mi g th t
en n e re on e u re e e o n a
which h h t b d is
e t y t
as H liv s by
no een an no e . e e
m vi g ; t m k th s m ch ic f v w uld h t
o n o a e e a e o e or e er o e o
mk a ch ic t l l d ip f t l ps f m th m l
e no o e a a an so ac o a e ro e ora
pl an e If th. L d b l gs t c c t hist y His

,
en , our or e on o on re e or ,
p s c t b sc
er on f st g ti
an no ; d th ctivity
e a en e o a na on an e a
an d m v m t c stitutiv o e f it is enm v sc t on e o no ere e an e en
a ccid t b t vit l t His i dividu lity Th must b

en , u a o n a . e re e a
s s i which His b i g is v pp chi g compl ti

en e n e n e er a roa n e on .
Fi lly t h m xim th t d v l pm t i Ch ist is xcl u d d

na , e a a e e o en n r e e
by th bs lut immut bility f G dh d is

e a o e w a o o ea on e, as e
hv sa e to b cc pt d ly with g t s v
e en , e a e e on re a r e er e .
I f c s d iv d f om th bst ct c c pti f d ity

n er en e er e r e a ra on e on o e
must b c f t d i this fi ld with t h ss ti l

e on ron e ,
n e ,
e e en a
disti cti b tw G d p
n on i His t sc d t b i g
e een o er se, n ra n en en e n ,
an d G d H c m s f th i
o ass lf imp t ti t pi its
e o e or n e - ar a on o S r
i m m s d i sp c d ti m If t h i c ti b f ct
er e n a e an e. e n arn a on e a a ,
it is bvi usly f ct i v lvi g t h s lf subj ctio f t h

o o a a n o n e e - e n o e
Divi lif t t hic l l ws d c diti s f xist c

ne e o e a a an on on o e en e
which so f i l v t t G dh d such d p t
a re ar rre e an o o ea as an a ar
f m th i c t
ro l ti ship Th c c pti is
e n a rn a e re a on . e on e on
diffic ult f c u s ; but t h difficulty is

, o o i h t i
r e e on e n ere n n
M ORAL L I FE A S C ENE OF GROW T H 493
th e ssum d f cts G d i m is by supp siti th

a e a . o n an o on o er
wis qu li fi d th G d
e a bs lut Hims lf u m v d
e an o as a o e,
“
e n o e ,
ll m ti ssuc ; d d p chi g qu lific t i

’ ”
a o on o r e an on e ee -rea n a a on ,
a p t f m which th c uld b
ar ro t u hum lif is e re o e no r e an e,
li bility t
a l ctivi t y g wth v luti withi t h
o re a a , ro , e o on n e
tim s i s A d if t l v th s g
e- er e . liti s w
n , o ea e e e e n era e , e
c t m pl t t h Ch ist f hist y fi st t th uts t f His

on e a e e r o or ,
r a e o e o
c xt t its t mi ti w
a reer , n e cl ly w th t
a er na on , e are ea r a are a
t h c mp is
e o v ls m v m t b tw th s p i ts ;
ar on re ea a o e en e e en e e o n
a p c ss wh by t h sig ific c of His p s li ty h

ro e ere e n an e er ona as
b een h c d At t h d it i clud s m
en an e f th s
. e en n e ore o o e
qu li t i s i vi tu of which H is d fi bl
a e n R d m
r e e e na e as e ee er .
A G d i s m ho d w it s Bish p W st
o n G d
an o ,
”
r e o e on ,
“
as o
s lf c sci us i m h d H is t t bi th p f ct i
e - on o n an oo , e no a r er e n
th s s f c mpl t tt i m t but ly i t h p pul “

e en e o o e e a a n en on n e o ar
s s of b i g f f m i d f m th l ck f ythi g
en e e n ree ro s n an ro e a o an n
ne ec ss y t Him t t h st g f lif i which H w

ar o a e a e o e n e as .
”
1
Th is b c mi g d it yi lds
ere a cc ss f b i g
e o n , an e an a e o e n .
W h v t h l ss e d t dw ll
a th s bst ct
e e e n ee o e on e e a ra
p i cipl s b c us st g s
r n e c is s i J sus lif
, e a e a e or r e n e
’
e ca n
b i dic t d wh
e n i v i s b l w t h su f c t h puls
a e ere , a s n e n e o e r a e, e e
an d fl w of m v m t is disc
o ibl d th c l sc c o e en er n e, a n e oa e en e
o f t h Divi e d hum withi Him b vi w d

n e an an n ca n e e e as a
p c ss T t k o ly th i st c s His b p t ism His

ro e . o a e n ree n an e : a ,
d thea d His ,
su cti c ot h v p ss d d l ft
an re r re on ann a e a e an e no
m k ar Th . sul t must h v b t d p t h i l
e re a e een o ee en e nvo u
tio d i h c f th t w m bil f c t s f His lif

n an co- n eren e o e o o e a or o e
an d t s cu th i m p f ct mutu l i di ti
o e re His
e r ore er e a rra a on .
b ptism w i i t s lf t k f f ith m tu d t h ugh

a as n e a o en o a a a re ro
re sist c t an ly t mpt ti s ; it s l d Him O wh

e o ea r e a on ea e as ne o
h d sus t i d u i m p i d His fili l

a a ne l t i t th F thn a re a re a on o e a er ,
an d i th l g ff t h d cqui d full bili t y d

n e on e or a a re a an
i d p d c f m l lif A d by s li g it it m d
n e en en e o ora e . n ea n , a e
t his m l ch c t still mo i v c bly fix d But

ora a ra er re rre o a e .
1 I t is n ot i c e a bl e th at the
oi l 29 1 gel i s t s d o
ev a n n ot p l a ce J esus
hd h
. .
vi v i dl y b e fore us t i ll H e h a s rea c e th e m a t u ri t y o f Hi s s t re n gt ; t h ey
do n ot d we l l on His h
c i ldh ood , f or our a t t i t ud e t owa rd s a li t t l e c h i ld i s n ot
t h e fit ti ng a t t i t ud e to our Re d eem er .
this d cisiv t f s lf i d ti fi t i with th si ful m u st

e e ac o e - en ca on e n
h b i spi d m by p f ct f ith th by full

a ve een n re ore er e a an a
p c pti f its i m plic ti s which ly t h futu c uld

er e on o a on , on e re o
discl s W h it t spi d l t th t thi g w uld

o e . en ra n re a er a no n o
a v il but th utt m st s c ific f d t h J sus cc pt c

a e er o a r e o ea , e
’
a e an e
o f this fi l blig ti nai s i s f xp i c s i t p t

o a on , n a er e o e er en e n er re
a bl t th i h ight by t h t fig t i
e a e r wh l v t
e e ra n s ura on — en o e o
m en fill d His xp di g s ul d by i w d t H
e e an n o an n ar ac e
a v w d His willi g ss t sh th i l t t t h utt m st

o e n ne o a re e r o o e er o
— is d Him t y t sublim pl
ra e m c mpl t ly
o a e er a n e, a ore o e e
re d mptiv ful ss d gl y f m l b i g B u t b v
e e ne an or o ora e n . a o e
a ll H fulfill d His p s th ugh His d th d

e e er on ro ea an
re su cti rre Wh f il t
on . th t Ch ist w m o ca n a o see a r as ore
H i m lf m f lly d c mpl t ly l l th t is d t d
se — or e u an o e e a a en o e
by t h m Ch ist wh d t h w p st th wh
e na e r —
en ea as a ,
an en as
a child H l y i Si m s m s e a By His su ctio St

n eon
’
ar
1
re rre n, .
P ul d cl
a s H w i st ll d S f G d with p w
e a re , e as n a e as on o o o er .
Thus t h Ris Lif c m t e b pt

en f m with u t e a e no ex a ru o, or ro o ,
b t t t h p i t wh
u a t h lif c
e t t f G dh d h d
o n en e e - on e n o o ea a
t k c mpl t ly lis d f m withi Him d b c m

a en o e e r ea e or n an e o e
th e mighty p i cipl f x lt d d d m i g lif

r n e o an e a e an re ee n e
i
n th S pi it
e M di t d by xp i c s
r . w p st d e a e e er en e no a ,
an
sup m ly by th xp i c f th c ss t h id tific ti
re e e e er en e o e ro , e en a on
o f s lf imp ti g G dh d with fi it hum

e - ar n f ms w t o ea n e an or as a
l st p f ct d d t h Divi
a er e eum if w m y c ll
, an e ne no en on , e a a
it b c m wh lly
so, e o with t h hu m ph m
e o on e e an en o e n on .
A d this p l
n i d v l pm t d culmi ti f t h
er os s, or e e o en an na on o e
R d m s p s is v t f ct whic h s w s
’
e ee er er on , an e en or a an er
spi itu lly t t h g t k i f m whic h it h d b gu

r a o e rea en os s ro a e n .
Th t w e m l c l t s O t h p iv tiv t f
o a re ora orre a e . n e r a e ac o
re n u ci ti l sti g
n a i m l qu lity th ugh ut t h
on , a n on n ora a ro o e
e ar thly c th f ll ws t h
a reer , sc t f s lf c ve y er e o o e re -a en o e -r e o r .
H wh l st His lif f
e o o s k th by g i d it e or our a e e re re a ne .
It m y h lp t m k this ga l c c pti m
e o a e en era on e on ore
lum us if w cu t t h Ch ist l gic l xi m th t

i no e re r o e r o o a a o a ou r
L ds p s
or
’
d w k c stitut
e r on si gl lity If t h
an or on e a n e r ea . e
wo k is d p d t th p s
r e d m v s t h ugh it t
en en on e e r on , a n o e ro o
1 Cf Kah l er, A n gewa n d te Doymen , 6 5
. .
496 TH E PE RSON OF J ESUS CH R I S T
wh en m v m l ch ct
we re o e ligi us co sci s ss ora a ra er, re o n ou n e ,
an d t h m di t i l fu cti
e e which b th subs v W h
a or a n on o er e . er
e v li t y xists f th ki d w c ll p s l it c t
er rea e o e n e a
“
er on a ,
”
an n o
b e d sc ib d d qu t ly ith by f c t
e r e a e quit
a e e er r e ere n e o a e
ch g l ss E g which bid s u t uch d b th th hift

an e e o a e n o e e n ea e S
i g m ss
n f a wh l psychic l xist c th flux f
o our o e a e en e, e o
e xp i c er e n e ,i t m s xclusiv ly f th shifti g flux

or n er e e o e n
its lf Th f ct is c mbi ti f b th Th
e . e a p a o na on o o . e con ce
ti s f st tic id tity with which

on o a study f p s
en ou r o er on
a lity usu lly b gi s h v t b l id sid d w l

a e n t a e o e a a e , an e ea rn o
c c iv spi itu l b i g th
on e e r th t which by its tu
a e n ra er a s a na re
m v s f m p t cy t chi em t Th c c t f ct
o e ro o en o a ev en . e on re e a ,
i
n th w ds p s ts its lf
o er or m vi g c ti uity
,
re e n e as a o n on n ,
a
c ti uity which is li d t h co f it p sisti g y t t h

on n ve — e re o er n , e e
m dific t i f ch g t l ss l ; whil ith sp c t

o a on o an e no e rea e ne er a e ,
a b t ct d hyp st tis it w m y xists s v i d

s ra an o a e as e a ,
e a e n an
th ugh t h th
ro I d d it is
e o b d figu
er .which n ee ,
no a re
sy mb lis s p s lity by m l dy i which ch t is

o e er on a a e o ,
n ea no e
c ti u us with th st d xhibits t c l u d
on n o e re an e a on e - o o r an
v lu d p d t th wh l t h m l dy m whil p
a e e en en on e o e, e e o ea n e er
p t
e ual l y buildi g its lf up i succ ssiv
n t s which i tu
e n e e no e n rn
subtly fl ct t h re ti m usic l c c pti

e e Hwv en re a on e on . o e er
f ulty t h illust t i i t s v s t b i g t t h f ct th t
a e ra on , er e o r n ou e a a
th t i st g s f p s l lif p ss by dy mic p
e a n e r or a e o er on a e a , a na ro
g ss i t t h l t
re ,
n o d ich st g s d th t if w
e a er an t r er a e , an a e are o
st t th full t u t h w must sp k t o ly f c ti uity

a e e r , e ea no n o a on n
of b i g but f c ti u us b c mi g It is d f ct i
e n o a on n o e o n . no e e n
fi it p s lity th t it sh uld h v this ch c t ; it is

n e er on a a o a e a ra er
S i m ply its t u A d l na dy w h v s re . s t n a rea e a e een r ea on o
c t d th t it w i t th is d v l pm t l f m f xist
on e n a as n o e e o en a or o e
en ec t h t Divi l v d lif p ss d wh Ch ist w

a ne o e an e a e ,
en r as
b t t v s l l t h uth tic st g s f hum lif

orn o ra er e a e a en a e o an e .
bj cti s t this vi w m y b is d f m t w id s
O e on o e a e ra e ro o S e .
It m y fi st b u g d t h t t h ti f u p f ct d Lif
a r e r e a e no on o an n er e e e
which still is p f ct c t b m i t i d If w p d ic t
er e an n o e a n a ne . e re a e
ch g d p g ss f t h I c t t m
an e an ro ly but re o e n arn a e , n o as an on ,
i His
n Divi hu m p s lity is t this t ss t
on e n e- an er on a ,
no o a er
O BJ E C T I ONS T o TH I S V I E W 497
d f ct d sh tc mi g ? If it b
e e an or th f ult li s wi th
o n e so, e a e
ou r hum sp ch Imp f ct an m i g
ee . m “
er e ,
”
as ean n u n co
p l t d
e e i ”
d qu t ly
or lis“
d h na b coem c u st d
a e rea e ,
as e e en r e
with ill gitim t m l s ci t i s sugg stiv f i

e a e ora vil a so a on e e o s n or e .
But y giv st g f d v lopm t sh t f th high st

an en a e o a e e en or o e e
is t of c u s d fici t i this m l s s W dis

no o r e e en n ora en e . e
ti g i h th s d f m th t i m p f ct ly if w “ ”
n u s e ee ro e re e a s er e on e
h v fi st t k t h t
a e r a c it i of lity S
en e ree as our r er on r ea . o
re g d d imp f cti is but

ar e ,
m f fi i t d ; th
er e on a na e or n u e on e
o th h d th fi it d it ly is c p bl of b i g p
er an , e n e, a n on , a a e e n er
f t d th ugh t h
ec e v tu l lis ti f its id
ro e It is
e en a re a a on o ea .
o f c u s this g du l
o r e d thic lly m di t d tt i m t f
ra a an e a e a e a a n en o
p f cti which w sc ib t Ch ist His lif is

er e on e a r e o r . e a
p c ss which u s its c u s i tim d m v s f om

ro e r n o r e n e, a n o e r a
b sis f c stituti t cli m x T xist hum ly is t

a o on on o a a . o e an o
u f ld c p citi s igi lly p s t i

n o a a e ; t h diff
or ti l
na r e en n n uce e e ren a
f tu f Ch ist is th u iqu d g
ea re o r f c p city posit d e n e e r ee o a a e
i t h f ct th t H is G d s S i fl sh Wh s i y ’
n e a a e o on n e . erea n an
o th child y uth th
er xists t h p t cy ly f
or o er e e e o en on o a
c mpl t d fi i t s lf c sci s ss i Ch ist t h p t cy is

o e e n e e - on ou n e ,
n r e o en
i fi it
n n e .
S c dly it m y b s id th t this pplic ti

e on ,
a f th e a a a a on o e
c t g y f g w t h t Ch ist is quiv l t t th ss ti
a e or o ro o r e a en o e a er on
th t th ugh igi lly m ly hu m H b m Divi

a o or na e re an , e eca e ne .
H w o w thi k t h lif c t t f G dh d
ca n e n bi g e e - on e n o o ea as e n
g du lly c v y d i its f l ss to J sus t h i dividu l

ra a on e e n u ne e , e n a
m an , i p p ti n t His ro c p t ivity with ut t sf i g

or on o re e , o ra n err n
th e liti s f i c ti t His lif

rea e o n th so th t
a rn a on o e on e ar , a
i c t i fi lly pp s t h sult t f His hum

n arna on na a ea r as e re an o an
car eer, ra th th its t c d t g u d ? This c iticism

er an an e e en ro n r
is p b bly d t t h f qu t
ro a ue f t h b i f but i c
o e re en u se o e r e na
cu t ph s g du l i c ti
ra e ra e
“
But wh t is m t
ra a n a rn a on .
”
a ea n
by th s wh o e t h ph s is si mply t c ll tt t io
o u se e ra e o a a en n
to th thic lly m di t d d v l pm t s lf f l fil m t
e e a e a e e e o en or e - u en
o f lif which is by igi l c stituti Divi hum

a e , or na on on , n e— an .
Su ch d l pm t th y h ld t b m l c ssity f th
ev e o en e o o e a ora ne e o e
c s si c
a e, D n pu t s it f m
e, a s li s t dp i t
orn e r ro an ea r er an o n ,
t w sid d U i c t t t h uts t xist i t h

“
th e o- e n o an n o a e o e e n e
32
498 TH E PERSON OF J ES US CH RI ST
S ph f k wl dg
e re o d v liti p p which p s u pp s
no e e an o on ro er, re o e
s lf c sci us ss ; f
e - on ith hum will
o ne c sci us or ne er an n or on o
ne ss b ctu lly xist t t th uts t

c an e a This ff t
a e en a e o e .
”
1
e or
t c o st u th wh l i thic l t ms which
on r e e v b o e n e a er , ca n n e er e
s tisfi d by th juxt p siti

a e v t h i t p t ti
e a o on or e en e n er en e ra on
o f t w disp t ubst c s l ds tu lly t

o ar a e s th y f an e ,
ea na ra o a e or o
t h ki de w d sc ib d
n T t h Divi
no m v m t f s lf
e r e . o e ne o e en o e
imp t ti ar a hum cipi cy i J sus must sw t

on , a an re en n e an er a
ea ch p i t th c t t m
o n d m
, djusti g its lf t
e on e n ore an or e a n e o
t h c p city f t h f m
e a a o e or .
O c s th is this Fi st it is v t b f
ur a e en : r ,
ne er o e or
g tt th t th is Ch ist t ll ly i vi tu f
o en a e re a r a a on n r e o an
u sp k bl Divi s c ific Th t fi X H i p p pl ;
n ea a e ne a r e . a GS S ro er an e
ls it m k s p ssibl d mi g Lif i hum f m

‘
a o a e o e a re ee n e n an or .
S c dly v ywh
e on i th m
, l w ld d f Ch i
e er ere n e ora or , an so or r St ,
it is l w th t w h v d i h it ly th t which w
a a a e a e an n er on a e
a ls wi f u s lv s pp p i ti g th i iti l gift by
o n or o r e e ,
a ro r a n e n a
a cti will lib ty Thus w

on , b li v th t wh J sus
, er . e ca n e e e a en e
c m t Hims lf bs lu t ly th ugh lif d th d t h l st

a e o e a o e , ro e, ea ,
an e a
vict y it w or , fulfilli g d t iu m ph tly t i g

as as n , an r an en er n
up His implicit b i g Th g i f lif f Him w

on , e n . e a n o e or as
i
n a s s g i d It w p g ss i p s l i ty wit h
en e re a n e . as ro re n er on a un
G dh d t p g ss t it f m tsid Th lif g w
o ea ,
no ro re o ro ou e . e e re
an d mov d w d t its mighty clim x ; d th d vict y

e on ar o a ea an or
se t th c w u p e it l l ; d t h wh l v st m v m t
ro n on a an e o e a o e en
t i s its m l qu lity b c us it c m t p ss th ugh

re a n ora a e a e a e o a ro
an u c si g c flict with i d d th d t g dy sus

n ea n on s n an ea an ra e ,
t i d by p f ct d p d c
a ne G d d p f ct l v t
er e e en en e on o an er e o e o
m an S th
. u f ld d i Ch ist th t w h ich h d b
o ere n o e n r a a ee n
en of ld d withi Hi m by t h E t l L v t b st i d
e n e ern a o e, o e re ra n e
wh lly by th bou ds f m h d N twithst di g t h

o e n o an oo . o an n e
p s l id tity wh ich u it s t h Child f N z th t

er on a en n e e o a ar e o
th is L d this w ss f lif c t t this dy mic

e r en or , ne ne o e - on en ,
na
a dv c i ip d d ticul t d t
an e n r is c di l
en e an ar a e n a ur e, a ar na
l m t f t h wh l f ct
e e en o e o e a .
Th s t h wh l p s lity f Ch ist i t h b
u e o e er on a o r , as as e en
e xp ss d is t s m thi g giv t th st t by t h
re e ,
“
no o e n en a e ar e
1
S ystem of Ch r i s ti a n D octr i n e, iii 33 5 . .
500 THE PE RSON OF J ESUS CH RI S T
u i fic ti f Divi
Th e n d hum a lif i Ch ist
on o ne an an e n r
m y b
a g d d th f c u s d m ti g p i t f t w
e re ar e as e o an ee n - o n o o
g t pi i t u l m v m ts f
r ea S r ss ti lly p s l
a o e en o an e en a er on a
ch ct a ra F m b v c m s t h c t iv i i t i ti g
er . ro a o e o e e rea e n a n
m v m t f G d t w ds m di ct d by th s vi g
o e en o o o ar an , re e e a n
pu p s s f H ly L v F m b t h c m s t h y i g
r o e o o o e . ro e n ea o e e ea rn n
m v m t f m t w d G d i f ith d l v d h p
o e en o an o ar o ,
n a an o e an o e .
Th s t w p s l c
e e o ts f s lv ti h ld f th d
er on a u rren — o a a on e or an
c mmu i l g d f j i d i t p t t i t h
o n on on e or— o n an n er en e ra e n e on e
p s J sus Ch ist i
e r on , e f shi c m pl t ly c c t r , n a a on o e e on r e e,
his t ic l pp h sibl
or a ,
I a this c fl t u ific ti
re en e . n on ue n n a on ,
which d s t c s t b p g ssiv b c us its l h

oe no ea e o
‘
e ro re e e a e ocu s as
no w c m t b o c f l l withi His si gl p s li t y
e o e on e or a n n e e r on a ,
is giv t h sp cific d fi l xp ssi

en e f
e ctiv an na e re on o an a e
l t i ship of G d t th w ld p si t d with its v y

re a on o o e or o e er
e xist c His c ti
en e a s t d th f i His t l rea on - roo e ,
e re ore , n e e rn a
b i g F Him d m pti is c ti ; i it c ti
e n . or re e on r e - re a on n rea on
c m s t its fi l g l Th w it wh fi st m d
o e o na oa . e r er o r na e
Ch ist t h W d
r w Him e th sup m xp s
or sa as e re e e re
si on f this Divi
o pu p s f t h w ld th t ll
ne r o e or e or , so a a
H e utt s by lif er d p ssi sts d discl s s

e an a on re on an o e
s m sp ct f t h E t l Lif
o e a e its v p s t
o e er n a e as e er - re en
b ckg u d
a ro n .
I l l His
n a l ti s t th fi it th G d pp s i re a on o e n e, en , o a ea r n
this sp cific light this ttitud f d m ptiv will His

e ,
a e o re e e .
p s c i J sus c summ t s th pl
re e n e n e It is H wh on a e e an . e o
c lls t h Divi hu m p s i t hist y ; it is H wh

a e n e- an er on n o or e o
sust i s d p f cts Him by

a n an l i dw lli g which c t s
er e a r ea n e n a
an d cts up
re -a t u h um xp i c I Ch is t on a r e an e e r en e . n r ,
th t is t h p s l d mi g dis t i c t i
a ,
e er on a sp ct i re ee n n on or a e n
G d th ugh which H g s f th i t t h w ld t s v
o ro e oe or n o e or , o a e
by t uth d g c t k s hist ic l f m i t h c di ti s
r an ra e, a e or a or n e on on
f fi it lif Th High st b c m s m s t m s ’
o n e e . e e e o e a ea n o an
chi f d R c t tt m pts t c c iv f G d
e en . e en a e o on e e o o as
Pu p s r th t h
o e, I fi it Thi g Q u tity
ra er an as n n e n or an ,
a re
a g i isi g
a n ra m i ds t t h th ugh t
n f Hi m
ou r v n o e o o as e er
en g g d with d
a e fi i t s uls m vi g t w d th m
an on n e o ,
o n o ar e ,
ener gisi g withi th m ss ti lly di ctiv c t u l d

n n e , e en a re e, a a ,
an
I N CA RN A T I ON AS A DI VI N E CLI M Ax 50 1
a ctiv But l g b f th G sp l h d t this f th

e .
1
on e ore e o e a se or as
th e f ff Divi
“
v t t which t h wh l c ti
a r -o ,
ne e en o e o e re a on
m v s
o e A d i t wh l c t li d m
. n i g d p w is s o e e n ra se ea n n an o er
g t h d up i J us H is t h I c t i t h F l fil
a e re n es . e e n a r na on , e u
m t t h xp s i i c diti
en ,
e e f ti m d sp c
re s o n f n on on s o e an a e, o
th t I t di g Will which is c m i g t its lf i t h

a n en n o n o e n e
u iv s f hu m s uls
n er e o Th is l g y an o .
”
2
ere no on er an
qu s ti f qui sc t Divi subst c pl t d i b

e on o a e en ne an e an e n a re
m ch ic l jux t p si t i
e an awith imp s l m h d ; i a o on e r on a an oo n
J sus s ul th is giv th spi itu l lif c t t f

e
’
o , ra e r, en e r a e - on en o
G d th
o ,
utg i g f His i fi it d mi g S lf i t t h
e o o n o n n e re ee n e n o e
e xp i c f g wi g fi it spi it
er e n e o a ro n n e r .
Fu th thr hum id th p g ssiv d i

e r, on e an S e e ro re e an rr e
v e rsi bl u ific ti i Ch is t f lif Divi

e n a d hum on n r o e ne an an
w asf m t h fi st c d i ti d by u iqu b sis f hum

ro e r on on e a n e a o an
p s lity t h g u d f th futu c mpl t u ity Th

er on a ,
e ro n o e re o e e n . e
u ity
n ,
f ct liv d t i tim w m di t d by t h
as a a e ou n e, as e a e e
g du l V l t y pp p i ti
ra a o un a r J sus sid of t h a ro r a on , on e
’
e, e
Divi ful ss f l v t u t h h li ss p w
ne ne I Vi tu
o o e, r , o ne , o er . n r e
o f this pp p i t i th ugh t h i s t u m t li y f
a ro r a on , ro e n r en a t o an
b di c which v f lt d t h hum lif f J sus

o e en e ne er a ere , e an e o e
b c m t h bs lut g f th F t h s s lf b st w l
e a e e a o e or an o e a er
’
e - e o a .
Th imp t ti
e f G d is f c lis d i
ar a d cisiv spi itu l
on o o o a e n a e e r a
p s li ty
er on a .
Thus b th sid s th igi tiv qu lly with th

on o e , e or na e e a e
re ec ptiv l c di t i s
e, rea b f u d f th t p s lon on ca n e o n or a er on a
lif u ity which w t b cc mplish d th ugh t h

e- n as o e a o e ro e
e xp i c s f J sus I G d l l thi gs b gi f m His

e r en e o e . n o a n e n ro
t
e er n a l pu p s t m k Hi m s lf i His S t h m s t
r o e o a e e ,
n on , e ea n o
th e chi f d f m ; i J sus is p sit d u iqu ly

e en o an n e o e a n e
qu lifi d lif i sp ci l l ti s t t h F t h
a e e, n d f e a re a on o e a er , a n ree
lik th i his t y f om th t i t dis bility f i

e no o er n or r e a n or a o s n .
Th s t w m t i g d p m ti g i w ys which th
e e o, ee n an er ea n n a e
k i
en os s h d m d p ssibl issu fi lly i G dh d
a a e o e, e na n o ea
p f c t ly m di t d i t
er e ss wi t h m h d Th b sis
e a e n o on en e an oo . e a
an d gu t f th t sult
ara n ee giv b i i ti ; wh t o a re a re en a n o a
1
Cf . W
Tem pl e, Th e N a t u r e of Pers on a l i ty
.
H ut t on , A uth ori ty a n d P er son of ou r L or d , 9 .

E
Q
50 2 TH E P E RsoN OF J S US CH RI ST
c t b giv
a n no l g t h p c ss m i s m l is
e en , so on as e ro e re a n ora ,
th l st c summ t f m Th lif f J s s f f m
e a on a e or . e e o e u , ar ro
b i g pis dic
e n eccid t l i th high st p i t f vi w
o or a en a n e e o n o e ,
w c stitutiv
as onf th p s wh m g d f m it I
e o e er on o e er e ro . n
t h w ds f D
e orF syth wh s xp si t i f this g
o r . l or ,
o e e o on o en e ra
Vi w I h v f u d d ply sugg stiv I Ch ist w h v

e a e o n ee e e :
“
n r e a e
t w thi gs t h
o tw g n d cti s f spi itu l b i g i
,
e o ra n a on o r a e n , n
fi l p c
na d t l pw
ea e W h v t h wh l
an e ern a o er . e a e e o e
p f ct cti f G dh d c c tr t d th ugh
er e a on o f ct o ea on en a e ro on e a or
or hyp st sis withi it d di ct d m w d b t h t

o a n an re e an ar o o
c t d d m ; d w h v ls t h g wi g m l
rea e a n re ee an e a e a o e ro n ora
a pp p i ti by m s s ul m vi g G dw d f t h t
ro r a on an
’
o o n o ar o a
a cti its w
on as its i iti l Divi tu o d c t t
n , as n a ne na re a n on en .
A His p s l hist y l g d d ip d by
s er on a or en a r e an r en e
v y xp i c d H w lw ys f u d qu l t
e er e e r en e, an as e as a a o n e a o
ea ch m l c isis t h l t t G dh d b c m m
ora r d
, e a en o ea e a e ore an
m mighty His lif s i t i

or e d ss t d its lf with
as e
’
n e r or, an a er e e
th m e pw oreth p s lity g w i d pth d sc p

o er a s e e r on a re n e an o e .
E y st p H Vict i u sly t k i t t h d k d h stil

v er e e or o oo n o e ar an o e
l d w
an sc di g m v m t ls of t h Godh d
as an a en n o e en a o e ea
which w His b s as a e .
” 1
H c w m y g d th u i
en e lt t ly d
e a re ar e n on a ern a e an
e qu lly f m t w p i ts f Vi w ch f which is d fi d
a ro o o n o e , ea o e ne
by th th A t h F th s gift i
e o er . pu p s i f llibly s e a er
’
,
n a r o e n a
su f x cuti it is Divi ly l f m t h uts t d

re o e e on , ne rea ro e o e an
su b p i t i t ti
s ec e But ls it is hum ly ctu lis d
a e er n a s . a o an a a e
i t im ; it c m s t
n e f iti i O wh p ss s f mo e o ru on n ne o a e ro a
d sti y t p f cti th ugh c

e n o a Wh t w
er e on ro a a reer .
”
a e s ee
du i g th
r n thly lif is t h sp ct f c tu ly
e ea r e e a e o rea re nu
p f t
er ec ed b c mi g p f ct i h t m su s ; t
n ess, e o n er e
“
n S or ea re
”
a
th e su cti it is m d cl h w m uch h d lw ys
re rre on a e ear o a a a
b l t t i this Lif by v y igi d h w v t u lly

ee n a en n e er or n , an o e en a ,
an d t t h i sight f f ith quit fully

, o e n d i v c b ly th o a , e an rre o a , e
a ctiv d d mi g lif f G d is w b c m t h vit l

e an re ee n e o o no e o e e a
c t t f hum ity If this b sc ut d implyi g

on e n o an . e o e as n an
an ti my I sh uld t b c ful t d y it
no , o d I no e a re o en , n or o
thi k th t t h w k f th l gy
n a b d e with u t or o eo o ca n e on e o
1
0p . ci t . 3 38 , 3 4 9 .
i t th p g ssiv ly pp p i t d c t t f His w
n o e ro re e a ro r a e on en o o n
s ul It is f ct hum ly giv i Him His by p s l

o . a an en n , er on a
assi mil ti d w ship th t it m y b s vi g f ct

a on an o n er , a a e a n a
rec iv d by m
e e Fi st H liv d t h g c H w fi llyan . r e e e ra e e a s, na
H i st ll d i t i
e n w ld by d t h d t d
a e n our or ea ,
an en e r e on
u iv s lly d mptiv sw y B t t h f u t d igi

n er a re e e a . u e o n an or n
of t h wh l w eth v st p t m p l t sc d t t
o e as e a re - e or a ra n en en ac
of s lf b g ti
e -a th p t f G dne a on on e ar o o .
It will be g d th t if t h s lf limit ti a d t h s lf
r ee a e e - a on a n e e
fulfilm t f G d i Ch ist with which this ch pt d t h

en o o n r ,
a er a n e
l st h v b c c d
a a e l d c dibl th y
een on ls ern e ,
are r e a an re e, e a re a o
m ora lly c r l tiv Th juxt p si t i is t ccid t l

or e a e . e a o on no a en a , or
d ue t m c vi g f l gic l sy m m t y E ch sw s
o a ere ra n or o a e r . a an er
t th
o th by thic l c ssity Th m if s t d Divi
e o er an e a ne e . e an e e ne
f l ss which f it h b h lds i t h x l t d L d i
u ne a i e o n e e a e or ,
n con ce v
a bl th ugh i t b i
e o wh g ws t h s il f hu m
e n on e o ro on e o o an
na tu m ly hu m is i t lligibly c ti u us with th
re, as er e an, n e on n o e
lif p i t s cti
e r or d fi t l y c w s it
o r e urr e W th y is on , a n ro n .
“
or
th eL mb th t w sl i t c iv p w
a a d gl y as d a n o re e e o er a n or an
bl ssi g Thus wh t H s t qui s th t wh t H

e n .
”
a e ro e o re re a a e
ro es f m t h f ilty d t h c ss sh uld i tu h v
ro —
e ra an e ro — o n rn a e
b t h s lf li m i t i g f
een e bs lut Lif d L v f
e - n o an a o e e an o e, o a
gl y which c uld b sig d b c us it c uld ls b

or o e re ne e a e o a o e
re sum d This e . sid O t h th t h m l gl y on on e e . n e o e r, e ora or
o f th k e i p i ts t t h l m ighty c su m m t i f
en os s o n o e a on a on o
th e
p l i sc t G
er os s or I e -ad i His t sc d c is t
r
en . o n ra n en en e no
d fi bl
e na m l ch ct i m ply ; th is m d f
e as ora a ra er s er e a o e o
b i g sw i g t t h H ly L v which H is ; d this
e n an er n o e o o e e an
G dh d f m if s t t i u s t i d by ph m l
o ea o an e a on , n re ra n e eno en a con
d i ti is Visibl i Ch ist
on s, is H t th
e c n f r as r en . e re , a e ore o
r ea li t y th w ld f f c t d t h w ld f v lu i t
, e or o a an e or o a e n er
p t t O c t h Divi m d f s lf v l ti i
en e r a e . n e e ne o e o e -r e e a on n
hist ic lif h d c s d t h lim it ti s f th d tu

or e a ea e ,
e a on o ea r an na re
d pp d w y d Ch ist t d by t si t i f which
ro e a a an r e n ere ,
a ra n on o
w e ca n se e th m l fit ss i t p ss ssi f ll p w i
e ora ne , n o o e on o a o er n
h v ea d i
en a n th It is this c c pti which t h N w
n e ar . on e on e e
T s t m t s ts f th u d th guis f
e a en e w d b stow d
or n er e e o a re ar e e
D E S CE NT A N D A S C E NT C O RRE L ATI V E 50 5
on Ch ist f His b di c J th N m which is b v

r or o e e n e— e a e a o e
e v y m er W na l d t thi k f H i m
e .
”
smhw e a re e o n o as o e o
g t f h vi g liv d Fi lly it is p h ps t i m
r ea er or a n e . na , er a no
p ssibl t m k th t c s f th s tw c sp di g
o e o ar e ra e o e e o orre on n
m m t m v m ts i
o e n s or L dsp s His b i g is
o e en n ou r or
’
e r on . e n as
it w th th t ere l i which t h m
e w dm v m t
ea re or ocu s n e an ar o e en
o f G d ch ct is d by d m ptiv s lf li m it t i bl d s
o ,
a ra er e re e e e - a on , en
with th G dw d m v m t s f m i b di t f i t h d
e o ar o e en o an n o e en a an
h p d l v Th sust i d pp ch f t h D h mi li
o e an o e . e a ne a r oa o e e us u s
fi ds its ss ti l c u t p t i t h t isi g p f cti th t

n e en a o n er ar n a r n er e on , a
re l lm e i t is d sc ib d i H b ws which H
o t s, a s cqui d e r e n e re ,
e a re
as H succ ssiv ly s iz d t h
e cc si s which His v c ti
e e e e e o a on o a on
as S vi u pl c d b f H i m NVh t w b h ld is
a o r a e e ore . a e e o a
p s li t y c ti g its w f m by s i s f cts f
er on a re a n o n or a er e o a ,
o
su m u t d m l c is s f
r o n e ci ti s c c iv d d
ora r e ,
o re n u n a on on e e an
a cc mplish d duly ; th l gi g lif thus ff i g

o e v e en a r n e o er n an e er
m ore ad qu t g d m dium f s lf
e v li g G dh d
a e or a n an e o e -re ea n o ea .
A H st p d t s v H g w i t h s t tu
s e oo e f Divi o a e, e re n e a re o ne
hum i y an t .
A p t f m this st i ar l m t f Divi hum

ro ra n or e e en o ne- an
s lf lis ti i Ch ist
e -r
ea a th ght f H i m must b
on n r ,
ou r ou o e
a lw ys i c m pl t E xclusiv m ph sis t h Divi s lf

a n o e e . e e a on e ne e
re ducti l v s pic t u l cki g i th gl i us m j sty f

on ea e a re a n n e or o a e o
t h Ris e L d Al g wi t h th s lf u ci ti g s v
en or . on e e -re n n a on oe e er
an a sc di g li f s lf f l fil m t d c qu st m di t d
en n ne o e -
u en an r e - on e , e a e
i m
n l w ys d t h t w m v m ts
ora a dis t i guish bl
,
an e o o e en a re n a e
i t h t t l xp i c
n e f which Ch ist w
o a e S ubj c t E ch
e r en e o r as e . a
sh s t h th s m l hy t h m d is fus d m g d
a re e o er
’
ora r , an e or er e
wi t h it i spi itu l u ity n r a n .
uch th ugh ts it m y b s id
S xt v g t do ,
a e a ,
are e ra a an an
m t aphysic l E v if w b li v th m
e w actu lly
. en e e e e e , ca n e a a
thi k th m ;n w pl c t h m b f
e mi d i tic ca n e a e e e ore o u r n n ar
ul t d lucid f m ? This ti f Divi k i

e e an or no on o a ne en os s ,
rest i i g G d by His w t t hum m su s s till

ra n n o o n ac o an ea re ,
m p h ps this c mp i id f p l i
or e er a s lf o an on ea o a er os s or e
acquisiti wh by th sy th sis f G d d m i
on , e re e n e o o an an n
Ch ist though giv i p t cy is ls p og ssiv ly

r ,
en n o en , a o r re e
a ctu lis d a th y b h dl d
e — ca n v h ld by so ? e e an e or e en e rea n
T h y s m ich d i m p si g c c p t i s m y th y t
e ee r an o n , as on e on a e no
on e x mi ti p v b k up t th i f ci d w lth tu d
a na on ro e an r , e r an e ea rn e
in a m m t lik th f i i s g ifts to with d l v s ? I

o en ,
e e a r e
’
,
er e ea e
a m f f m s ki g t mi imis t h bj cti s which m y

ar ro ee n o n e e o e on a
b e rais d b h lf b th of t diti
e on e d f lib
a l th l gy o ra on a n o era eo o .
It is tic bl i d d th t i c t i cl ssic l t tis s

no ea e, n ee ,
a n er a n a a rea e
on Ch ist l gy t h t w m i p i cipl s t f th i this

r o o e o a n r n e se or n
ch pt a d t h l st
er an vi w d ss ti lly i c g u us
e a a re e e as e en a n on r o
an d t g istic t I h v gu d mu t u lly c l tiv

an a on ,
no , as a e ar e ,
a orre a e .
N v th l ss I c
e er e et v id t h c victi th t it is i
,
an n o a o e on on a n
this di cti red th th t w

on , a n l d by t h f cts
no o er , a e a re e e a
a lik f t h N w T st m t c d d f xp i c ; d
e o e e e a en re or an o e e r en e an
th t th s f c t s such m k it
a e e a tu l t sk f th
a re as a e a na ra a or e
Ch i t l gi
r s o o t disc v pp h d d m k p t t fi s t
an o o er, a re en , an a e a en , r
t o hims lf d th t t h Ch isti mi d t h h m i us
e an en o e r an n , e ar on o
st uctu f s m g
r re o l th y f this ki d ; t d this t
o e e n e ra eor o n o o a
l st i its m i utli s d d m i t i g p i cipl s

ea n a n o ne an o na n r n e .
A f th
s ch g f i c c iv bility it is f c u s
or e ar e o n on e a , o o r e
p culi ly h d t m t Y t v h th m i id s f
e ar ar o ee . e e en er e , e a n ea o
which th s ch pt s h v b e e f lt i g d imp f ct
a er a e een so a er n an er e
an e xp si t i m y p h ps ch ll g c mp is
o on a g ds er a a en e o ar on , as r e a r
m c p bility f b i g th ught with t h c st ucti s f

e re a a o e n o , e on r on o
c t sp cul tiv phil s phy b it H g li B gs i

re e n e a e o o , e e e an , er on a n ,
or m t i listic Th c c pti of G dh d s lf
a er a . u cd e on e on o ea e -re n o n e
d s lf f l fil l d i Ch ist is su ly child s pl y i c t st ’
an e - u e n r re a n on ra
to th m v ls f th bs l t di l ctic f th i tuitiv
e ar e o e a o u e a e , o e n e
m th d
e o f ,
tu listic v luti
or o i t p t d i t ms
na ra e o on a s n er re e n er
o f m tt a Wh s t h Ch i t l gi h t l st this
er . erea e r s o o an as a ea
a dv t g th t t h myst y h p ts is myst y f
an a e, a e er e re or a er o
g c H ly l v is his l st c i t i f lity Th
ra e . o o e a r er on o rea . e
g t ss t h m cy th gl i us p w f J sus Ch ist
rea n e , e er , e or o o er o e r ,
wh o s m d us wi th His bl d d who f t ll
ra n o e oo , an ,
a er a
c t u s h v c i d f Him is still
r ea re a e re e vedl ss i th o ,
a s en e as n e
b gi i g th s
e nn n f cts which h v c v y d t t h
—
e e a re a a e on e e o e
hum mi d t t lly w i m p ssi f wh t G d is d

an n a o a ne re on o a o ,
an
o f t h l gths His l
e en will g t d m t h w ld H ov e o o re ee e or . e
wh h o st d by t his c
as oof Divi m cy it st tch s o ean o ne er , as re e
C H AP TE R XI I .
CH RI S T RI U N I TY
T A N D T H E D I VI N E .
C AN Y
HRI S TI h i f th Old T st m t is fo m
IT , as e r o e e a en , a r
o f thic l me th ism which y t h l

a on o d t co c iv e e as earn e o n e e
G di o ww yn a ne N tu lly t h xp i c f d mpti
a . a ra e e er en e o re e on
th ugh Ch ist w f lt f m t h fi st
ro r cti g thas e ro e r as rea n on e
id f G d wh l
ea o d m It w f lt
o c ssi
o a on e ca n re ee . as e as n o e
t ti g w disti cti s i Divi

a n ne t u whic h h d o c
n on n a ne na re a n e
b een g dd b
re d ar fig d si m plicity
e as Th s a re an un ure . o e
wh l k up t
o oo m ip t t Ch ist d wh
o an o i Him n o en r , an o see n
t h v y lif
e f G d i c p
er t subsisti g f m b f ll
e o o n or ora e, n ro e ore a
tim e,blig d u l ss t h y s lv
a re o t t e thi k t ,
n e e re o e no o n , o
adjust this c victi t t h b s l d c m m di g f ct of

on on o e a a an o an n a
t h Divi e u ity ne n .
But t h p ti of t h Spi it is ch ct istic

e O era on e r as a ra er an
l m t f Ch isti ity t h i c ti
e e en o rIf i Vi tu f
an as e n arn a on . ,
n r e o
J sus f it h is t d i t h ctu liti s f t h p st i

e ,
a roo e / n e a a e o e a , n
Vi tu f t h Spi it it fi ds i t p p tu l dy m ic i t h
r e o e r n s er e a na n e
p s t Th p i cipl f lif d p w k w
re e n . e r nH ly e o e an o er no n as o
S pi it is c su l f ct i p f ct ligi by t h
”
r no on e a a a or n er e re on e
sid f th s ; it is t h t to which v ythi g ls

e o o er a e er n e e c on
g s d p t f m which thi g ls
v er e , an a ar t v th ro no n e e— no e en e
re v l tie a f J s s c uld t k ff ct S t h F th
on o e a — o a e e e . o e a er
discl s d i t h S is imp t d i th Spi it Th

o e n e on ar e n e r . e
“
D Arcy , a r t i cl e
’
LI T E R AT U RE — Ki m a rt i cl e T ri n i tat RE xx
h
. .
,
Tri n i t y i n D CG 1 9 0 8 ; Sc l ei erm a ch er , S am mtl i ch e

.
’
Wer ke, i 2, 18 3 6 ; .
I ll in gwort h , D octr i n e of the Tr i n i t y , 190 9 S h ed d , D ogm a ti c Th eol ogy ,

1 8 8 9 ; Fa i rb a i rn , Ch r i st i n M od er n Th eol ogy , 18 93 Orr, Ch r is ti a n Vi e w of
God a n d t he Wor l d , 18 93 ; Rot h e , D ogma ti k , 1 8 7 0 ; H ut t on , Th eol ogi ca l
s a s
“
E s y , 1 8 8 8 ; D r umm on d , S tu d i es i n Ch r i s ti a n D octr i n e, 190 8 ; Arm
s t ron g, Th c Tr i n i ty and th e I n ca r n a t i on , 190 4 Mar t i n eau, E ssa ys Revi ews , ,
an d A dd resses, I I . Ad a ms Brown , Th e Tr i n i ty a nd M od ern Th ough t, 19 0 6 .
5 08
TH E NE w T E ST AM E NT E X P E RI EN CE 50 9
p s c f th Spi it m b t
re en e o high m d f
e r co es u as a er o e o
Ch ist s t sc d t i flu c t h cli m x f His w k

r
’
ran en en n e n e, e a o or .
Th ugh H i m w h v cc ss by
ro Spi it u to t h e a e a e on e r n e
F tha is g t c m p h siv P uli w d ; d i

er
” 1
a rea o re en e a ne or an n
such v s t h xp i c t f which flow d th N w

a er e e e er en e ou o e e e
T st m t f ith i
e a en T iu G d g ws t sp t I t
a n a r ne o ro ran a re n .
is th xp i c f e e diff ti t d y t si gl Divi
e r en e o a e ren a e e n e ne
c us li ty i d mpti
a a If t h t h Spi it b l gs t t h
n re e on . en e r e on o e
sph of t h Divi
ere t f t h hu m
e v d md ne, no o e an e en a s r e ee e ,
r oo m m ust b m d f it ls w i thi t h b li vi g th ugh t

e a e or a o n e e e n o
o f G d Its missi l v s th t th ght i c mpl t

o . o on ea e a ou n o e e .
W sp k i t h s s
e ea f t h N w T s t m t th
n e f en e o e e e a en , ere ore ,
wh w y th t t h F th t h S
en e sa d t h Spi i t i
a
“
e a er, e on , a n e r n
t h i u ity c
e r s t i t u t th G d wh m w k w t h G d
n on e e o o e no as e o
o f s lv ti
our a a on .
” 2
Th d ct i e f t h T iu ity f u d i Sc ipt u
o r ne h wo e r n o n n r re, o
e v is i v
er, d xp i m t l Th is t hi g f
na
'
e an e er en a . e re no n o
re fl cti e d sig b ut i t t hi g a p i i thi g th t

on or e n a o , no n r or , no n a
c sists i
on c m s t f t h m ipul t i f bst c t
n or o e ou o e an a on o a ra
id s It is d t
ea . i sis t ibl i ducti ue bj ctiv i o an rr e e n on a s o e e n
its w w y th t which s t blish d sp ct um lysis

o n a as a e a e e r an a .
If G d is i Ch ist t figu t iv ly but i

o n li ty d if
r ,
no ra e n rea , an
t h Spi it giv s
e r wi g Divi lif th s c t l f cts
e a re n e n ne e, e e en ra a
must s m h w b g th d i t u it y c c pti f
o e o e a e re n o a n ar on e on o
G dh d Th i t ui t i t h th t G d is t i is b
o ea . e n on , en , a o r un e orn
o f xp i c ; t his is t h di cti
e e r en i which t h Ch isti
e e re on n e r an
mi d is sp t usly l d b t th is
n on a n eo d t i f e : u ere no n ee o n er
th t c c p t thus xp i m t lly g
a a on e t d m y t ls e er en a e n e ra e a no a o
h v imm s phil s phic v lu O t h c t y it m y

a e en e o o a e . n e on ra r , a
w ll p v
e B g h t h ld th b t cc u t which
ro e, as a e o e ,
“
e es a o n
hum s c uld d of t h m yst y f t h s lf

an r ea on o re n er e er o e e
e xi t t mi d I Vh t d s f ll w f m t h u sp cul tiv
s en n . a oe o o ro e n e a e
th ught f t h N w T s t m t is th t w m us t t f c
o o e e e a en a e no or e
u p it t h di ti c t i s f l t ti m s Th s disti cti s
on e s n on o a er e . e e n on
s b c m igid p s t lic l gu g w liv d fluid

oon e a e r a o o an a e as a e an .
Thus 2 C i thi s which p s with d ubl s lut ti

or n an ,
O en a o e a a on
i
n th m f God
e na F th e d th oL d J u “
our a er an e or es s
1 18 2
h
Ep 2 , D en n ey , D CC i 7 4 4 . . .
Ch ist r ds with t ipl b dicti i v ki g t h

,
en a r e en e on n o n e
g c f th L d J s s Ch ist d t h l v f G d d
ra e o e or e u r , an e o e o o , an
t h c mmu i f t h H ly Spi it Y t t h G d f wh m
”
e o n on o e o r . e e o o o
i
n ch c s St P ul w thi ki g is t h s m d his
ea a e . a as n n e a e, an
v i t ph s s c v x ctly t h s m g u d Wh th
a r an ra e o er e a e a e ro n . en e
bip tit is pl c d by t h t ip tit f mul

ar e re ch g i
a e e r ar e or a, n o an e n
d t ti is i t d d ; xc pt f th f ll wship f t h
en o a on n en e e e or e e o o e
S pi it t h g c
r ,
f Ch ist e d th l v f G d w uld
ra e o t r an e o e o o o no
b u s N f u th m is v dd d t t h s c d t i d
e o r . o o r na e e er a e o e a re r a ,
an d H ck is much l ss c vi ci g th usu l wh h
ar n a e on n n an a en e
ar gu s th t t
e p i t it w som thi g lik
a a v on e o n as e n e an e en
ch c th t t h Chu ch might h v b giv th pl c

an e a e r a e een en e a e
i t h f m ul
n e w ccupi d by t h Spi it
or Th f ct is
a no o e e r .
1
e a
th t t h S pi it w u q u sti d f m t h fi st t h pith t
a e r as n e on e ro e r , e e e
“
h ly m ki g it ff f m spi it i g
o ar l xclusiv ly
n o ro r n en era as e e
an d sp cific lly Divi e a ne .
Spi it m s lif d p w t h s vi g
r gy f G d
ea n e an o er , e a n en er o o
withi hum lif ; d it is th u if m t chi g f t h

n an e an e n or ea n o e
N w T st m t th t Ch ist wh p ss ss d this Spi it i its

e e a en a r ,
o o e e r n
f ul ss h m di t d it t l l b li v s H c t c ll t h
ne ,
as e a e o a e e er . en e o a e
Spi it imp s
r l must u ltim t ly b m i gl ss f
er on a a e e ea n n e or a
re ligi t which t h g ci u s p w f God

on o v b e ra o o er o ca n n e e r e
a m thi g C uld t h l v f G d b sh d b d i
ere
“
n .
”
o e o e o o e e a roa n
ou r h ts by th ear p s l ? C uld tu l f c e n on - er on a o a na ra or e
en a bl m t c f ss J sus
e en L d? T u o m on e e as or r e, a on o
th istic N w T st m t h
e wh d sc ib d th Spi it
e e a en as no ere e r e e r
as a s p t p s lity it is i d d m th qu s
“
e a ra e er on a n ee ore an e
ti bl wh th
on a such g
e l bst ct id
e p ser a en era a ra ea a s e r on
a lity h d th tt i d g a l cu cy Y t i th en a a ne e n era rre n . e n e
l st s t t h Spi it f G d must b
a re or p s l Gd
e r o o e as e r on a as o
Hims lf S t u is this th t it is ly by i t i u i
e . o r e ,
a on n er or n on
with th p s l Spi i t th t e p p p s lity is

er on a r a ou r ro er e r on a c on
su m m t d T h v withi us t h s ul s l if t h v y
a e . o a e n ,
as e o e, e er
S pi it th t m d t h i m st b i g f J sus is b st w d by
r a a e e n o e n o e , e o e
J sus d c mm ds J sus t t h h t this is t b

e , an o en e o e ear — o e
p f ct d i p s l b i g By u ity with s u ch Spi it

er e e n er on a e n . n r
m anfi st is f ully m r an .
1
Con sti tut i on a nd L a w of th e Ch u r ch , 26 5-6 6 .
12 TH E P E RS ON OF J E S US C H RI S T
sust i d ff t t sh w th t this
a ne e or i t p t ti is
o o a ,
as an n er re a on ,
wh lly f ls
o d m ch ic l
a e d t h t mi ds wh s
an e an a ,
an a n o e
symp thy d i sight

a q ick d by ligi us f ith
an n ar e u en e re o a can
a tt ch p f u dly l s s to wh t might s m ly
a a ro o n r ea en e a ee on
v b l d t iti s i th sph of t h i ff bl All f

er a ex er e n e er e e ne a e . or
wh m t h d ct i f th T i ity h
o e o r ne o
y positiv ki d f e r n as an e n o
m i g
ean n t i this co victi
a re a Th y
on e cl n n on . e a re ea r
th t vi w f G d must b tt i d which will mb c

a a e o o e a a ne e ra e
vit lly th Divi p s of C h ist d th t l ss Divi

a e ne e r on r an e no e ne
w k f th Spi it
or o e r .
N is this ll U p to c t i p i t ll Ch isti s
or a . a er a n o n ,
a r an
a re u imo u s to th co t t f t h qui d doct i

n an as e n en o e re re r ne .
Th y e u im us i h ldi g th t G d h b
a re n an o n o n a o as een re
v l d i th re f ld w y R d mp t is hist ic l f ct
ea e n a e o a . e e i on a or a a ,
or s i s f f cts ; d i th t hist y th h b
er e o a an n a or e re as een a
m if st tio f F th S
an e a n od Spi it Th E ta lh er , on , a n r . e ern a as
b discl s d i J sus Ch ist by wh m H

ee n o e n il d th
e r ,
o e r econ c e
'
w ld ; H sp ks i
or e h t still by spi itu l p s c
ea n ou r ea r a r a re en e
th t guid s t th t uth c t i d i J s u s This is

a e o e r on a n e n e . a re
d mi g G sp l i t p cl ims th t G d is t f ff
ee n o e — ro a a o no ar o ,
a pp ch bl ly t l g l st by h d thi ki g sc tic
roa a e on a on a ar n n or a e
s c ific b t th t H c m m gst u s i His S

a r e, u a d e a e a on n on , a n
still dw lls i s uls Giv of lif N w i ss c

e n ou r o as er e . o n e en e
t h doct i
e f t h T i ity is b u t
r ne o b i f c f ssi of th s
e r n a r e on e on e e
f cts ; d thus f l t it b p t d l l b li v s
a an ar, e e re ea e ,
a e e er a re
a g d Th y
re e .
g d t e th ss ti l ligi us d t
a re a ree as o e e en a re o a a
which d c t i must ss t v th ugh th Ch isti i

o r ne a er , e en o e r an n
t ll ig
e which sks q sti s m y d cli to stop h t
en ce a ue on a e ne S or
with this sim pl ss tio e a er n .
At this p i t th th occ u s div g c b tw

o n ,
en , ere r a er en e e ee n
th dv c t s f wh t
e a o a e c ll d th c mic d th
o a a re a e e e on o an e
i m m t vi ws f t h Di i T iu ity Acc di g t
an en e o e v ne r n . or n o
th c omic m d l Vi w w
e e on or t h t iu God i t ho a e ,
e see e r ne n e
re v l ti H h giv
e a on d i e th t Visi w st
as en , an n a on e re .
C ti
rea d mpti
on , wl
re e t h st g s ph s s f
on , r en e a are e a e or a e o
His s lf discl su
e - Why g fu th ? Why p t d t
o re . o r er re e n o
st p utsid xp i c
e o e l gu g which f c u s
e er en e , or u se an a e, o o r e
c t b v ifi d to t h Divi
an n o e er tu i its lf ? Th
e , as e ne n a re n e e
TH E E CONOM I C TH E OR Y 5 13
f ct
a Ch ist is ulti m t ; it is v i to g t b h i d it d
of r a e a n e e n an
t y t
r its c diti s It is v i t hyp s t tis
o see on on . a n o o a e an
l m t i Ch ist which v h d disc ibly s p t

e e en n r ne er a e rn a e a ra e
e xist c b u t is si m ply
en e, m t l ticul ti f ou r en a ar a on o an
i dividu l lity
n sp ct t ifici lly d t ch d by
a r ea , an a e ar a e a e ou r
th ught E ugh f u s t b h ld G d i hist y d

o . no or o e o o n or an
Ch is t i lif d t co f ss Him k w wi t h i th t
r an e, a n o n e as no n n a
fi lde .
With th p sitiv h lf f this th y th Vi w e o e a o eor no o er e can
h v y q u l It is t u t h t F th S
a e an arre d Spi it
. r e a a er, on , a n r
a re l t iv p p ly t th hist ic v l ti
re a e, roTh er ,
o e or re e a on . e
t m S
er f i s t c u qu sti bly p i ts i t h
“
on ,
”
or n an e, n e on a o n n e
fi st pl c to th J sus f th G sp ls t t t h S c d
r a e e e o e o e ,
no o e e on
P s e r on f t h T i ity oIf th l gi s h v giv it

e r n .
1
eo o an a e en an
t l sup m u d
e e rn a or f c th xt si h b ra n a n e r e e ren e, e e en on as een
s c d y d i f ti l N t o ly ; its c mic
e on ar an n e re n a . o n so e on o
f m w th t i wh ich th d ct i f t h T i ity fi st
or as a n e o r ne o e r n r
c m t b t t i th y T t lli
a e o e sed t i is f
ou n eor . er u an s
’
oc r p e o
this ki d His c sumi g i t st i m th ism l d him

n . on n n e re n on o e e
to i sis t with l l his p w s th t disti cti s ffi m d f

n a o er a n on a r e o
G dh d disti cti s withi

o ea fu d m t l u ity S
a re n on n a n a en a n . o
h t ch s T i ity f disp s ti of fu cti l ik

“
e ea e a r n o en a on or n on , e
th ssig m t f p ts
e a duti s i
n h us h ld
en tho ar or e n a o e o : e
w k f t h F th h sp ci l l ti t th c ti
or o e a er as e a re a on o e re a on ,
c s v ti
on er d g v am t of t h u iv s ; th w k
on , an o er n en e n er e e or
o f th S h e sp ci l l ti to t h d m p t i f m ;
on as e a re a on e re e on o an
an d th w k of th Holy Spi it is t h c ti u ti f
e or e r e on n a on o
this .With ll his sid gl c s t sp cul ti T tulli

” 2
a e- an e a e a on , er an
h as t f g tt no th t th T i it i id sp g t f
or o en a e r n a r an ea ra n ou o
hist y or .
Histo y l th is t u p i t of d p tu ; but
r a on e , en , our r e o n e ar re
wh m c ll h lt t th ut b u d y f hist ic l
en en a a a a e o er o n ar o or a
e xp i c e r en th g u d th t t t sc d f ct is to
e on e ro n a o ra n en a
sp cul te d th t sp cul ti
a e, is i ju i us t f ith it
an a e a on n r o o a ,
must b sw d th t l l such p sc ipti

e an unav ili g
e re a a ro r on Is a n .
1
Moberl y, A ton emen t a nd P erson a l i ty , 18 1-9 9 c f. t h e i mp orta n t Not e B
to ch a p . v i ii me work
. of th e sa .
1
Sa n d a y , Ch r i stol og i es A n c i en t a nd Mod ern , 26 .
33
5 14 TH E P E RSON OF J E S US C H R I ST
I n th e fi st pl c m will p i t i thi ki g wh t v
r a e, en er s s n n n , a e er
no tic b ds m y b t up by th w ll m i g th
e - oa r a e se e e - ea n n eo
l gic l p sitivist t w t h t sp ss f imp di g

o a o o a rn e re a er o en n
d g s It is m v ill gitim t t i sist

an er .
, ore o e r , e a e o n on re
t i t i g th
s r c n Ch isti m i d t t h sup m ly p ctic l
e r an n o e re e ra a
l gu g f t h fi st discipl s wh th
an a e o t h T i ity
e r
y e ,
e er on e r n or a n
o th sp ct f t h c d Th is t pic which th
er a e o e re e . e re no o on e
th ol gi fi ds his m t i l i t h N w T st m t dy
e o an n a er a n e e e a en rea
an d m ly w iti g t b lift d It is t thus w

ere a n o e e . no e ca n
d l with such t pics th P s lity f G d f which

ea o as e e r on a o o , o
no th tic l xp siti is giv i Sc iptu ;

eore a e th o on en n r re or e
At m t f which p ssi t p st lic ut t c s

on e en , o a o na e a o o era n e a re
no t fitt d d w e t ,
d sig d t an ticip t th ere no e ne ,
o an a e e
i t ll ctu l ti l d m d d by ch w g S is it
n e e a ra on a e e an e ea ne a e . o
with th T i ity H t w s ch th N w T st m t
e r n . ere oo e ea r e e e a en
i
n v i f th i s ; but ssu dly w
a n or cu t g t
eor e a re e en o n er rea
Vit l d t which it is
a a a duty t c ss x mi d ou r o ro -
e a ne an
e xplic t d sy th sis with ut b i g t much c c d

a e an n e e o e n oo on e rn e
by t h c u t ch g f h vi g st y d i to th d m i
e re rre n ar e o a n ra e n e o a n
o f m t physic
e a .
I ddi i to this it is pl i th t s m f ms f t h
n a t on ,
a n a o e or o e
c mic Vi w by t h s t ss t h y l y u p its g ti s
e on o e , e re e a on ne a on ,
g of tarw ds c c
o lli g t harf cts with which l l th an i s e n e a a eor e
must st t This ccu s f x mpl wh it is

ar . o r ,
or e a e, en con
t d d th t t h th f ld ss f Divi
en e a v l ti is m ly
e re e o ne o n e re e a on ere
ph m l G d pp s t b t iu ; H is t lly
en o en a . o a ea r o e r ne e no rea
so . O mi ds cc di g t this i t p t ti f t h
ur n , a or n o n er re a on o e
l tivity f k wl dg which is h i t duc d with ll

re a o no e e— ere n ro e , a
its mbigu us p l gisms i t t h c m f f ith hid

a o a ra o ,
n o e ar an u o a — e
f m us th
ro l t u f thi gs ; w k w bj cts t
e re a na re o n e no o e no as
th y e but th y s m t us W
a re, as ith t ll e ee o . e ca n ne er e
p cis ly wh t is t h m u t f dist ti f t u th i dis

re e a e a o n o or on o r n
s ci bl f m
o a e p c ss s f c g iti
ro ou r w ctify ro e e o o n on , n or can e re
th e e rrorN w this th . y of k wl dg which is o eor no e e,
u ltim t ly g stic l v s ph m i
a e a no p sitiv , ea e en o en a n no o e or
d fi bl l t i t
e na e lity Appli d t th Ch isti
re a on o rea . e o e r an
th ught f G d it m s th t f
o o G d is F th
o , S ea n a or us o a er, on ,
an d Spi it ; but th s r pp ll ti s i w y sw t e e a e a on n no a an er o
it p i m ily i dic t s is t th v li g sig ific c f

r ar n a e no e re ea n n an e o
J sus i which s s it is quit l gi t im t but c smic

e — n en e e e a e— o
s ith
r ea on , e p i cipl f phil s phic th ught
er a s a r n e o o o o or as
a ti l P w p m ti g t h u iv s N w i this
ra on a o er er ea n e n er e . o n
s s it is t
en e ligi us ti t l l Th i t st it
no a re o no on a a . e n e re
s tisfi s is l gic l c sm l gic l H c t h p bl m s t

a e o a or o o o a . en e e ro e o
which it l t s h v thi g t d with J sus t h S f

re a e a e no n o o e e on o
G d ; th y p t i t t h pu ly m t physic l p bl m f
o e er a n o e re e a a ro e o
I fi it d fi it of th O
n n e an d th m y n e, e ne an e an .
Th bu d f this fi st bj cti
e r is th th t th id
en o r o e on en a e ea
o f i mm t T i ity h
an ligi us m i g i m
a n en r n as no re o ea n n or
p t c N w this is p i t f Vi w whic h it is t
or an e . o a o n o e no
quit sy to pp ci t It is i d d s lf vid t if th
e ea a re a e . n ee e -e en e
G dh d of Ch ist b fi st d i d but th wis it is

o ea r e r en e , o er e
as bviously
o tic d sh t ight d F if Ch ist e rra an or -S e . or r
b e S of God ss ti lly ligi h su ly

on l e en a , re on as re a rea
an d k i t st i Vi wi g th l ti
een n ere f S to n e n e re a on o on
F th
a u b gi i g By
er as i sistibl impuls it
n e nn n . an r re e e
will t lis th t l t i j u st it d s t h l cti g

e ern a e a re a on , as oe e e e n
l v f G d m if st d t m i tim F th Ch isti
o e o o an e e o en n e . or e r an
mi d it m s v y t hi g
n w p v d by t h
ea n e ly er n , as as ro e e ea r
c t v si s th t th S ship of Ch ist is
on ro er e , m a e on r no ere
t mp l c ti but th xp ssi wi thi tim of

e ora rea on , e e re on n e an
t l f ct N w t
e ern a th t Ch ist is S f m b f
a . o o see a r on ro e ore
th eg s is ta e ls th t G d is F th by i h to s ee a o a o a er n eren
na tu th t this is His ss c I t is to pl t th
re , a e en e . an e
F th h d fi mly i sid th Divi

a er oo th r cu t n e e n e, as e rren
U it in f m
ar a n v d C cd or w m y th t ca n ne er o . on e e as e a a
to lift t h l ti ship f F th e d S
re a t th t lon o a er a n on o e e ern a
pl l ds
ane w c t t t
en k wl dg of G d s
no ne on en o our no e e o
’
i t i lif ; th t th T i it i co c pt is mpty if
n er or e a e r n a r an n e e
s u d d f m th
n e re ts f hist y d xp i c ; th t w
ro e roo o or an e er en e a e
b c m i sp sibl
e o e d f t stic
rre s on i e an an a so oon as n ou r
th ught f G d w c st l s f m v l ti withi t h
o o o e a oo e ro re e a on n e
w ld Y t ligi h ssu dly

or . e i t st i
re ti g on as a re an n e re n no n
th t t h m i g f S i t l
a e i t i sic t
ea n n o on s e e rn a or n r n ,
no
a dv titi us
en th t th Divi F th h d h d t t
o ,
so a e ne a er oo a no o
w it fa p f ct s lf xp ssi till J sus w s b

or er e d e -e re on e a or n an
E T E RNA L F AT H E RH OOD 5 17
gre w to m h d I such vi w th is fi l vi di
an oo . n a e ere a na n
c t i f t h F th h d which f i t h h lw ys v l u d
,
a on o e a er oo a as a a a e ,
an d th bs c f which is lw ys f lt k ly I t is t
e a en e O a a e ee n . no
an id div c d f m hist y ; it is
ea or e tt mpt th
ro or an a e ,
on e
c t y t t f th th bs lut b ckg u d f li ty
on ra r , o se or e a o e a ro n o r ea
f m which hist y d iv s its sig ific c d t xhibit

ro or er e n an e, a n o e
th e gift f Ch ist fl wi g f m t h lif f G d To

o r as o n ro e e o o .
c t d m v t h t it is co c pti
on en ,
oreo e r, f ligi us a a n e on o n o re o
w t h is flyi g i t h f c f xp i c M Revill
or n n e a e o e e r en e . . e,
c t i ly
er a n dv c t f Chu ch t di t i is t ic bly
no a o a e o r ra on , no ea
e mph tic th p i t Th T i it i G d h w it s
a on e o n .
“
e r n ar an o ,
e r e ,
is livi g G d H is t t h u k w p i cipl
a n o . e no e n no n r n e
s t d t t h c t f ll t hi gs bli d d d f p od u ci g
ea e a e en re o a n ,
n an ea ,
r n
w lds lik f m ti g subst c wi t h ut k wi g ith

or e a er en n an e o no n e er
wh t H is wh t H d s N g i is H t h
a e or a e oe . or, a a n, e e
pu ly id l t m f th U iv s l B c mi g th t G d
re ea er o e
‘
n er a e o n ,
’
a o
i p c ss f c ti u l v luti
n ro e o wh d s on t c t thn a e o on o oe no r ea e e
w ld b u t is c t d by t h w ld ; f t G d who will
or ,
rea e e or a u ure o
b but t p s t is
e, at wh t l st
re en ly mu mu s no , or o a ea on r r as
y t
e i t h cn dl f t h h u m e c sci
raus ss e Fi lly
o e an on o ne . na ,
H e is t th d y G d f D ism th t sup m
no e rear o o e ,
a re e
m ch ici
e an ti d withi th icy d pths f His w
an re re n e e o o n
t ity d with ut p m t c t iv c cti with

e ern , an o er a n en or a e on n e on
t h w ks f His c p ici us g
e or ius N
o f th s G ds a r o en . on e o e e o
is b i g w
a e n w ship To p s t th m t th hum
e ca n or . r e en e o e an
spi it hu g i g ft
r ligi is lik givi g st s to t h
n er n a er re on , e n on e e
p i st d f b d
oor n H p c ds it is t u
ea o t
rea .
”
1
e ro e e ,
r e, o re
c m m d th t i f Divi imm c i th c sm s
o en e no on o ne a n en e n e o o
as a fit m d subs t itut f th T i ity ; but it is pl i

o ern e or e r n a n
th t this ti
a f f m mitig ti g t h p bl ms
no on , so ar ro a n e ro e
o f i s nd s w l v s th m p cis ly
an orr o th y w ,
ea e e re e as e ere
bf e ore .
C t i sugg tiv w it s h v s ught t p s t th

er a n es e r er a e o o re e n e
T i it i id t t h m d mi d by c st ui g it i
r n ar an ea o e o ern n on r n n
m g ore l t ms It p i t s m ly t th ich ss f
en e ra er . o n ere o e r ne o
th Divi xist c I t t lls i b k h um w ds

e ne e en e . e n ro en an or
th t t h lif f G d is v i us d d p d m ifold It
a e e o o ar o an ee an an .
1 H i story f
o the D ogma f the
o D e i ty f
o J esu s Ch ri st, 15 3—54 .
5 18 TH E P E RSON OF J E S S CH RI ST U
re e
j cts t h ud ci us y t c
e t m ptibl
a ill asi oth t w e on e e u on a e
h v f th m d su u d d God by
a e a o e s i g c git
or rro n e ou r oar n o a
ti s A l g with this it is s m tim s sk d why t h

on . on , o e e a e e
Divi l m ts ne f cto s sh uld b ly th ; m y

e e en or a r o e on ree a
th ere t b m no y th s y t u k w to us
e an o er ,
as e n no n , or r e
v l d i th w lds ?
ea e n o er or
M u ch i this c t ti w m y g
n t is i d x fon e n on , e a ra n ,
an n e o
g t d imp si g t uths Th hist y f th ught h

rea an o n r . e or o o as
p v d th wo thl ss ss f c c pti of G d which

ro e e r e ne o a on e on o
pictu Him res b i gl is l t d u it f d i ty

as a are, S n e, o a e n o e .
With u t ctiv disti c ti s ss ti l t His b i g His

o a e n on e en a o e n ,
o w spi itu l
n tu r d His l ti t t h w ld
a na re an re a on o e or a re
a lik u i t lligibl t
e n n e mi ds Lif s u ch is v
e o our n . e as e er
c mpl x with c mpl xity th t d p s d i t sifi s

o e ,
a o e a ee en an n en e
as it m u ts i t h sc l f b i g Th i
o n n st uctu
e a e o e n . e n n er r re
o f im t thi gs v ls c st tly i c si g di ff
an a e n re ea a on an n r ea n er
en ti ti a c mbi d with d c stitut d by

on , o ne lw ys an on e an a a
fi d m
n er a n p f ct u ity V i ty d g ic
ore er e ss n . ar e an or a n on e n e
e xist i d th ugh ch th
n an Hum lif m v
ro ea o er . an e, oreo er ,
u v il d t u s
n e e its i sid is th v y typ
o on d n n er e, e er e an
c it i f m if ld h ld t g th i vit l u ity
r er on o a an o e o e er n a n ,
a
multipl x f l ss d iv sity which y t is ticul t d d

e u ne or er e ar a e an
h m is d i
ar on f c l id tity It is
e n on e imp ssiv o a en . an re e
g m t th whic h h lds th t if G dh d ls is
'
ar u f
en ,
er e or e, o a o ea a o
seen i v lvi g
as l v i ty i u is
n o n disti ct
a rea ar e n n on — n
fu cti s i di t d vit lly f m si gl c t this

n on rra a e a ro a n e en re —
ultim t i tuiti f lls i t li wi t h d c mpl t s

a e n on a n o ne ,
an o e e ,
th e l w f ms f c g iti
o er W h v
or ight t k
o o n on . e a e a r o as
wh th d i ty
e er b t l lif
e ca n b th ught e a n e e rn a e, or ca n e o as
su ch xc pt t ms implyi g v i d w lth f i
, e e on er n a ar e ea o nn er
c t t But whil this is

on en . it is su ly d p tu e s o, re a e ar re
f m C h isti g u d t b k ff b uptly t this poi t

ro r an ro n o r ea o a r a n .
Wh t t h v l ti m di t d i hist y d t s is
a e re e a on e a e n or e no e no
m v gu w lth f Divi
ere a e xist c ; but t l
ea o ne e en e e ern a
F th h d t l S ship m vi g wi t hi th t l
a er oo , e e rn a on ,
o n n e e ern a
lif f Spi it If w h v
e o r l dt f
.
y t sc d t
e a e r ea a a or an ra n en en
i d cti it is this i duc t i w must m k Th

n u on , n on e a e . e
Ch isti mi d h
r an i t st f
n I as i
no n ere , so ar as can s ee, n
5 20 TH E P E RS ON or J ESUS CH RI ST
sust i d a ne thi g is si th to w it v gu ly f t h
. No n ea er an r e a e o e
w ldor d qu t as aith t th k wl dge th lv f

a e e er o e no e e or e o e o
G d y t
o ,
cl s sc uti y thi g c uld b m
e on o er r n no n o e or e u n con
i i g
v nc n Aft l l th
. ly ti l c tu s k w t
er a , e on ra on a rea re no n o
u s wh c p bl f pp ci ti g G d s l v d tu
o a re a a e o a re a n o
’
o e, a n re rn
i g it
n hum b i gs Th t th spi itu l b i gs m y
,
a re an e n . a o er r a e n a
e xist is f c u s v y c dibl but w c t s i usly

o o r e er re e, e an no er o
b h ld t h v di ct c g iti
e e o f th m
a Th f it is
e re o n on o e . ere or e
to ar gu pu ly f m e ig c wh th w ld th
re ro ou r n ora n e en e or ,
or e
u iv s is h ld t b su ffici t t l bj ct If t h
n er e, e o e a en e e rn a o e . e
w ld m s t h physic l c s m s it c t p p ly b
or ea n e a o o ,
an n o ro er e
l v d t ll t to sp k f its l vi g t h l v ; if it
o e a a ,
no ea o o n e o er
m s i clud s fi i t pi its w h v
ea n or n c t i ty th t
e n e S r , e a e no er a n a
th s h v xist d f m t h fi st f m b g t b
e e a e e e ro e r ,
or en e an o e
quit c tly S th t if w
e re en i qu st f . d qu t o a e a re n e o an a e a e
o bj ct f t h Divi l v
e o d k wl dge d if by ne o e an no e e, an
a d qu t w i t d w sh uld
e a e e bj ct which t l y
n en ,
as e o ,
an o e no on
re ec iv s th f thc mi g of t h t l S lf c sci us ss
e e or o n e e ern a e - on o ne
but sp ds t it with qu l i fi i t d th this bj ct

re on o , e a n n u e, en o e
e xists wh withi th u iv s ; it is t b f u d ly
no er e n e n er e o e o n on
i G d Hims lf
n o Subj ct d bj ct e c l t iv b it
. e an o e a re or re a e, e
i fi it
n n i t sc d t M i d I p f ct k wl dg
e or n ra n en en n . n er e no e e
or lv o ecti bj ct d subj ct
or a c ss ily on , o e an e a re ne e ar
c c iv d
on e p s l i qu lity ; d wh th ught
e as er on a n a an en o
re a ch s t h id l limit f th s l ti sh ips it sts i

e e ea o o e re a on ,
re n a
disti cti which y t is m di t d u ity

n on e e a e n .
Th v lu f s u ch c sid
e a ti s m y b illust t d by
e o on e ra on a e ra e
th w ll k w tt mpt f t h l t D M ti u t
e e - no n a e o e a e r . ar n ea o
re os lv th p obl m A g i st p th ism which d mits

e e r e . s a a n an e ,
a
o f thi g bj ctiv t G d si c H is but t h i

no n o e sid e o o ,
n e e e n n er e
o f tu D M ti u ( f t
na r e, r . with H g l d ar n ea so ar a on e e e an
Sp c ) en gu s p w fully th t th D ivi Spi it m ust

er ar e o er a e ne r
disti guish its lf f m wh t is th

n Th m m t w
e ro a o er .
“
e o en e
c c iv f mi d t ll h w it s
on e e o
y pn ti f a a ,
”
e r e or an O era on o
mi d w must c cu tly c c iv f s m thi g th

n , e on rren on e e o o e n o er
th it an g gi g its ctivity
a s en G d th
a f c t n a . o ,
er e ore , an n o
st d f us th s l d xh ustiv t m i t h lm
an or as e o e an e a e er n e r ea
o f u c t d b i g;
n rea e ly d l g h is m u st e n as ea r an as on as e ,
A D V I I NE OTH E R— TH AN -S E L F 5 21
a lso b s m thi g bj ctiv t him

e o This th th
e n o e e o .
” 1
o e r- an
s l f f G d h disc v s fi st i m tt fi ll d p c ; l t
e or o e o er r n a er- e S a e a er
an d m d qu t ly h b li v s i fi it c t s f
ore a e a e , e e e e ,
n n e e n re o
i dividu lity fu ishi g p vi c f l b i g bj ctiv

n a , rn n a ro n e o re a e n o e e
t
o G d i tho c mpl t d g e But if w fus to
n e o e e e re . e re e
“
st k God s xist c
a e th t ity f m tt
’
e d fi it e n e on e e e rn o a er an n e
c tu s whil y t w g wit h M ti u i g d
rea re ,
” 2
e e e a r ee ar n ea n re ar
i g
n p so l s lf xp ssi
a er bj ct nac ss y f th e -e re on or o e as ne e ar or e
Divi Spi i t it will b tu l t s t t th g t N w

ne r , e na ra o r e or o e rea e
T st m t c c pti f t h u b gi i g W d i wh m
e a en on e on o e n e nn n or ,
n o
is giv th s c f lif vit l t i t h l v

en e r e on a n e o e a o e er o e or
k wl dg i p f ct f m y t t s p t f m G d
no e e n er e or , e no e a ra e ro o as
w f m th
e ro s lv s o er e e .
Thus s m y fi d its w i t h Ch isti rea on a n o n n e r an
c ti t ud th t lov Divi is f m v l sti g t

er e a l t e ne ro e er a n o ev e r a s
i g
n Wh w thi k f G d i Hi m s lf p ss ss d f th t
. en e n o o n e , o e e o a
subj ctivity th t c t lis d th ugh t ctivity d f li g

e ,
a en ra e o , a ,
an ee n
with ut which s lf c sci us ss is but

o m it is t e - on o ne a na e, no as
a f l V id th t w c c iv H i m
ori n ess o sil t v st a e on e e ,
or as a en a
Om ip s c ; it is
n th
r e en h m f t h l fti st d m st
e as e o e o e o e an o
spi itu l l ti s m if st d i hum lif F th h d

r a re a on an e e n an e . a er oo
is no cqui d tt ibut ; w c t i m g th t l v
a re a r e e a nn o a e a o e as
sl pi g b f it w k t sh d its b fi
ee n e ore o e o e en e c en ce on an
o bj ct th th its lf It is t c ti which bl s
e o er an e . no rea on en a e
us t i t p t t h bs l u t P s li ty R th it is
o n er re e a o e er on a . a er ou r
vi w f th t P s li t y which bl s us t i t p t
e o a e r on a ena e o n er re
c ti f
r ea G d c m pl t i l
on li ss could f l t h
or n o o o e e n on e ne ee e
impuls t c t l st f l l t c t p t ti l s s I
e o rea e , ea o a o r ea e o en a on . n
o th wo ds th l ti s of G d d m b c m
er r , e re a on o an an e o e
lumi us i vi w f th i t i Divi lif Th t

no n e o e n e r or ne e . a
lif is ith lov l ss th ght

e ne bst ct th ght
er e e ou , n or a ra ou ,
n or m b u dl ss ere gy ; w st t t h
o n e en er e a re n ea re o e
i fi it t uth wh i F th ho d d S ship w
n n e r en n a er o an on e
sy m b lis vit l disti cti s p t f m which G dh d

o e a n on a ar ro o ea
c t b
an n o e .
It is sy f c u s t c ll this m t physics d
ea ,
o o r e, o a e a ,
an so
1
Sea t f A u thor i ty
o i n Re l i gi on , 3 2 .
T Vi n cen t Ty mn s, i n The A ncien t F a i th i n M od ern L i ght, 8 2

. .
5 22 RSON or J ESUS CH RI S T
THE P E
d ismiss t h t pic with w d B t th cc u s tio i

e o a or . u e a a n s a
h ml ss
ar u l ss it
e on e b p v d th t m t physics i
n e ca n e ro e a e a , n
t h is c cti is ythi g m th
on n e on , m f an n ore an a na e or
p sist t thi ki g F ith i Ch ist will lw ys c st i

er en n n . a n r a a on ra n
th ughtful m to c st u i
o en s His u ltim t l ti on r e n rea on a e re a on
to G d d m o an f this is possibl ; d th li m its

an, s o ar as e an e .
o f possibility b sc t i d i ca n oth w y th by e a er a n e n no er a an
a ctu l xp im t Th is m d f k wi g wh th
a e er en . ere no o e o no n e er
w e a re on th w y t t th s v th p c ss f k wl dg
e a o ru a e e ro e o no e e
its lf R ligi c t i ly h
e . e i t st i supp ssi g
on , er a n , as no n e re n re n
t h i sti ctiv
e n ff t f t h mi d t f ll w o u t this sup m
n e e or o e n o o o re e
i qui y t th f th st p i t A it h b
n r o e ar xp ss d e o n . S as e en e re e :
“
Th es s which p v t u s f om cq i sci g i t h
rea on re en r a u e n n e
p p s l to b ish th m t physic l l m t f om
ro o a an e e a a e e en r ou r
th l gy f u d i tu f t h
’
eo o t b th
are o e o n n e na re o e
m t physic l i t st its lf Th t motiv is t m ly

e a a n ere e . a e no ere
S p cul t iv ; it is i t s ly p ctic l It is t h d si f
e a e n en e ra a . e e re or
a u ifi d w ld i w whic h v ic s its lf i th d m d f
n e or -v e o e e n e e an or
phil s phic l th l gy N t d y will d m f ”

1
a o o a eo o 0 on e o- a rea o
c st ucti g T i it i d ct i t p i i ; t h su ffici cy
on r n a r n ar an o r ne c r or e en
o f th syll gism i such

e o lm h c s d t b bvi u s
n a rea as ea e o e o o :
but th cl d u ty f t h C h isti thi k

e ear will b o e r an n e r— as e
a ck owl dg d c m wh th p s t disp g m t of
n e e on e ore en e re en a ra e en
s h p ss d by is t l t J sus Ch ist i t lligibly

rea on as a e — o re a e e r n e
t t h i m st
o e d t
n l lif of God H h
o an pti
e e rn a e . e as n o o on
b t to do t his ; hi i sti ctiv impuls is to do it ;

u s d th n n e e an e
impuls is st i d o ly i ob di c to p ticul
e re ra n e
'
n n e en e a ar ar
th y f k wl dg W hy th ff t to t sl t th
e or o no e e . e e or ran a e e
i i t i l c titud f f ith which subs q u t sp cul tiv

n a er e o a — no e en e a e
p c du
ro e imp i i to l u mi u s c victi f th
r e can a r— n a no on on o e
mi d h uld b fl t d
n S o sup fl uo u s
e v ou e as er , or e en as an
a tt mpt u po t h Ch isti
e nligi it is t sy t
e ; r an re on , no ea o see
an d s is su to v g its lf by th gib th t f ith

r ea on re a en e e e e a a ,
in s ub m issi to th u i t lligibl is simply i di ff t t

on e n n e e, n e ren o
t h t uth
e Th is o m i th l gy f
r . ere k wl dg th t r o n eo o or a no e e a
is t so much disi t st d
no i t st d pu ly i its n e re e as n e re e re n
Ad m B w
1
C
a s ro n, Th wh l f hi
h ri s ti a n Th e ol ogy i n Ou tl i n e, 15 9 . e o e o s
fi n el y -t on ed ch a p t e r on t h e Tri n i t y sh oul d be rea d .

5 24 TH E PE RSON OF J ESUS CH RI S T
an d an bj ct O e in c m pl t cip c ti th difficulti s
o e e re ro a on , e e
of a g ui
en ne an d u fli chi g m th ism b c m m
n n n on o e e o e ore
g v
ra e .
T u th w d P so is t i its lf d cisiv A
r e, e or er n
”
no n e e e .
high uth ity h s id th t P s i T i it i u s g

a or as a a
“
e r on , n r n ar a n a e,
is m d f b i g which s v s
a o e O g u d e n b sis er e as a ro n or a
(a r ea l g u d b sis )
ro f sp ci
n l fu cti but
or just st ps a o e a n on , o
sh t f s p t i dividu li ty It impli s disti cti

or o e a ra e n a . e n on
with ut divisi o W ds i such on lm . m ” 1

or n a r ea a re ore or
l ss bit y d must b t k i s s pp p i t t
e ar ra r ,
an e a en n a en e a ro r a e o
th i bj cts f d t ti
e r O e d it is c t i th t { ma
o en o a
— on an er a n a d ra n g
i G
n k th l gy d p
r ee its L t i quiv l t d t
eo o ,
an er son a , a n e a en , o no
m ean w d no v h v m t wh t w usu lly i t d

,
an ne er a e ea n ,
a e a n en
by P s lity I st ict ss t h
e r on a .w gu d p n r ne ,
en , as as ar e re
th w d P s f m impl p v ty f “ ”
i
v ous ly w , e u se e or er on ro S e o er o
l gu g to i dic t
an a e : b li f th t i i t h
n lity f a e our e e ,
a s, n e r ea o
Divi dis t i cti s t to ffi m s p t c sci us b i gs

ne n on ,
no a r e ara e on o e n ,
p ss ss d f s p t
o e e ss c s If it b s id th t this
O e ara e e en e .
”
e a a
d sc ipti f s c h i t io disti cti s is g t iv m ly

e r on O u n er r n on ne a e ere ,
th e c m m t h w v just is by
o en ,
m s f t l t its
o e er ,
no ea n a a o
v lidity M st Ch isti thi k s

a . o g d th t G d is r an n er a re a re e a o
ea usa su i d th t H is m ip s t ; y t wh
,
an a w l k e o n r e en e en e oo
i t
n o w mi ds
ou r o t th s
n ph s s h w v n , a re no e e ra e ,
o e er
ne ec ss y l d with s s p d mi tly g t iv
ar , a en a en e re o n an ne a e ?
Wh w en th m w e use ffi mi g th t G d w s li t y
e , e a re a r n a o o e rea
t Hi m s lf
o l d th t H is
e wis limi t d by p c
a on e, a n a e no e e S a e .
Th c c pti s i
e on th w ds
e on v b p sitiv ly
,
n o er or ,
ca n ne er e o e
dfi d ytw
e ne , blig d t g t th i t uth
e e a re o e o ra n e r r .
At this xt m p i t w bt i m st l h lp e re e o n e o a n o rea e ,
p h ps f m t h th ught th t i G d c diti s ss ti l
er a , ro e o a n o on on e en a
t l v which i
o o e, i m ply mutu lly xclusiv p s liti s
n us a e e e r on a e ,
m y xist wi t h ut such xclusi

a e i u ity th t is m
o e on , n a n a ore
an d d p th
ee th disti cti
er O f ls th t t ft
an e n on . ne ee a oo O en
t h c iticis m f T i it i
e r d ct i h st d
O r n w a r an o r ne a s re e on a n arro ,
i dividu list c c p t i
n a f p s l lif ; c c pti
on e on o er on a e a on e on
an i m t d d c t ll d by st tic vi w f hum
a e an on ro p i e a a e o a n ex er
en ec F it is cl th t v i hu m l v t h i t
. or ea r a e en n an o e e n er
Sa nd ay , P erson a l i ty i n Ch r i s t a nd i n Ou rsel ves , 19 .

P ERSON A LI T Y NOT I M PE R VI O S U 5 25
p s l xclusi just f d t is l g ly v c m
e r on a e on re e rr e o ar e o er o e .
1
This is si m pl m tt of f ct d t h b st phil s phy h

e a er a , an e e o o as
no t b l w t c g is it T k th s w ds f N t tl
een S o o re o n e . a e e e or O e e
ship t h id l f lif u iv s l l v
on e ea S f o w e as n er a o e . O ar a s e
ca n c c iv such s t t h w it s it w u ld b
on e e a i a e,
”
e r e ,
“
o e on e n
which th w uld b i dividu ls t ll i t h s s ‘

e re o e no n a a a ,
n e en e
in which i dividu li ty m s mutu l xclusi n th a ea n a e on : e re
w uld b
o iv s l b i g i
e a un d f th er ac sci us e n n an or a n o er :
‘
on o
ne ss w uld b t h c sci us ss f
’
o th which w
e e on o ne O
‘
an o er
’
as
a ls o s lf
‘
On e e mm c sci us ss — Wh t if t his
a co on on o ne .
”
2
a
t sc d t id l is f v
ra n en en l i t h lif f G d ?
ea or e er r ea n e e O o
M y a t w l ki g st i ll t w ds t h
no e, i m st c ss s
oo n o ar e nn er o re e e ,
b li v th t i H i m m g d d bl d d ity f l v
e e e a n a er e an en e un o o e
with i t qu l bj ct is t lly tt i d ; tt i d
s e a O e e e rn a a a ne a a ne n on e
th l ss b c us
e e divisiv e ad p t i l i d l gic is
e ou r e an s a a se o
i c m p t t t t it f th with ut t ith is t ic
n o e en o se ? or o r e e rror
B gs h t ught us th t it is imp ssibl t thi k v

er on as a a o e o n e en
t h vit l u i t y f m v m
e a t f li f s v i t uitiv ly ;
n o o e en or o e, a e n e so
t h G dh d which d s
e o ea t y m , th lif its lf f m oe no an or e an e e or
a pictu w re m y sig ify F th

e S
ca n see, d S pi i t a n a e r, on , a n r
as m mb s m if st ti s f si gl Divi lif b y d
e er or an e a on o a n e ne e e on
t h li m i t s of tim
e f mi g t g th t h sup m i s t c e, or n o e er e re e n an e
o f i dividu lity
n This i t f u si a f p s . l i ti s i n er on o e r on a e n a
c m m lif
o onv lis d s v i m p f ctly by us m y
e, ne er r ea e a e er e ,
a
h v b fully ctu lis d d u imp d d i th lov hid

a e ee n a a e an n e e n e e
i G d f m ll t
n o i ty
ro a e e rn .
Thus f i tly u d th f m f id lis d hum

,
a n ,
n er e or o ea e an
re al ti ships w vis g th t which p p t u lly d s

on , e en a e a er e a ev a e
o ur g sp H w ra w wh s b i g is fi it ly i dividu l
. o can e, o e e n n e n a
an d ( f ) p t f m th
so ar s lv s pp h d God uly
a ar ro o er e e , a re en tr
or wi t h p f ct cl ity ? W c er e t pl c mi ds ar e an no a e our n
i sid th t t sc d c
n e a p c iv i t i w dly by
ra n en en e or er e e n ar
f li g ; f
ee n ly th t which w h v liv d
or on v a e a e e ca n e er
b c m lu m i us t us But t l s t w m y f i f m
e o e no o . a ea e a r e ra n ro
imp si g up it
o n w p t icul i t y If th b
on ou r o n ar ar . ere e
C 1 f . fs up r a , p . 338 .
2 P h i l osop h i ca l Re m a i n s , v ol . i . 42 ( q u ot ed by Tem p l e The N a t u r e of ,
Pers on a l i ty , Se e a l s o Mob e rl y , A t onemen t a nd P ers o na l i ty , 1 5 6 ff .

myst y er T i it i c c ptio
in t he d p myst y r n ar a n on e n, a ee er er ,
an d gg v t d by thic l igm s must lw ys li

on e a ra a e e a en a , a a e
i
n th ti f s lit y G d with t l v v id f
e no on o a o ar o , ou o e, o o
th ught i c p bl f mov m t div c d f om ll lity

o ,
n a a e O e en , or e r a rea .
W d th g t w ds F th , gl ify T h u M with
e rea e rea or :
“
a er or o e
Thi w s lf with t h gl y which I h d with T h

ne o n e e or a ee
b f th w ld w
e ore d
e th i s l m
or d lusiv as an as e r o e n an e e
w d li g s
on er t h s ul w f l
n g i h w bl d
er on e o e ee a a n .
o no e an
s ubdui g is th t visi f t h O God w h ich b h lds Him

n a on O e ne e o
as n e v l but lw ys t h F th t w ds wh m th
er a on e , a a e a er o ar o e
S onh v b lo ki g i t h Spi it f t l l v
as e er een o n n e r o e ern a o e.
it is i t h u ity f God k w i Ch ist th t

Yet n e n o as no n n r a
our mi ds c m fi lly t
n st Th t iu lif is
o e na o re . e r ne e
app h d d by us f th s k of its d m ptiv

re en e or e a e re e e ex
p ssi
re t f th i t
on , n o l lysis f its c t t Th
or e n ern a ana O on en . e
p bl m
ro e v b ca nf o t l gy mix d with
ne er e on e o n o o e
ari th m tic Th ugh ut

e .i m is b t hist y d its
ro o , ou r a en on or an
m i g w st iv to pp h d t h
ea n n ,
as eG d i His r e a re en e on e o n
s vi g m if st ti
a n T this p i t f vi w f ith is
an e a on . o o n o e a
c st t F m this p i t t h doct i m ust t t

on an . ro o n e r ne se ou
on ly t ci cl u d t l st t its f uitful igi G d

o r e ro n a a o r or n . o as
H ly L v w m th F th ; this s m t l G d
o o e e na e e a er a e e er n a o ,
as m ki g t h s c ific f l v d pp i g i
a n e fi it
a r e o o e an a ear n n on e n e
spi i t f
r d mpti w m th S ; G d filli g
or our re e on , e na e e on o n
as w lif t h h
ne ts t which His S h b c m
e e ea r o on as e o e a
rev l ti w m t h Spi it I th is c f ssi w

e a on , e na e e r . n on e on e
resum th b st it h b giv u s to k w f th
e e e as een en no o e
t l G d S vio
e erna o our a ur.
5 28 PE RSON OF J ESUS CH R I S TTH E
J sus is d pict d h vi g b m di t d i p t by th
e e e as a n e en e a e n ar e
c pti f t h S pi it t His b ptis m i p t by b m l

re e on O e r a a n ar a n or a
bi th Of t h ly v i ts i M t 1 it h b s id
,
56
r e ea r a r an n as een a
c tly th t suc h m di fic ti s m y b d to d ct i l

.
“
re en a o a on as a e ue o r na
p p ss ssi s
re o d sig d t
e t
on t sh p th a re e ne o r e -s e or o ar en e
f c i t h igi l t xt t t h vi gi bi t h t t
re er e n e n e or na e o e r n- r no o
i s t t h d gm i p ss g which w igi lly f

,
n er e o a n a a a e as or na re e
f m it
ro N h th cs b md t f
”
1
or m vi g as e a e e en a e ou or r e o n
i t p l ti lth gh this w uld giv

.
Lk as an n er o a on , a ou o e
us Luc v si f which vi gi bi t h t fi st f m d
a an er on o r n- r a r or e no
p t But M k k ws thi g f t h s t y
ar d s it
ar no no n O e or n or oe
s m t h v f u d pl c i Q Th g l gi s which
. ,
ee o a e o n a a e n e e n ea o e
if t c t dict y c t i ly i d p d t c ct
.
,
no on ra or a re er a n n e en en on n e
J sus wi t h D id th ugh J s ph t M y ; but this m y

, ,
e av ro o e no ar a
m th t th v g lists h v ly imp f ctly d pt d

,
ea n a e e an e a e on er e a a e
th s d cum ts which th y f u d l dy i xist c

e e o en e o n a rea n e en e ,
t t h pu p s f xp ssi g l g l ki ship but t physic l

,
o e r o e o e re n e a n no a
p t g I y c s J sus must h v
are n a e k d J s ph s
n an a e, e a e ra n e as o e
’
b f t h l w V i us w it s h v dw lt
.
s on e ore e a ar o r er a e e on
f ct t h t Luk w it s f m M y s p i t f Vi w
.
’
th e a a e r e ro ar o n o e
M tth w f m J s ph s A might b xp ct d th f
,
’
a e ro o e S e e e e e re or e
tiv s div g ; but th y g i t h p t s

,
.
th e n arra e er e e a re e n e a ren
na m s t h pl c s f bi th d b yh d d sc t f m
e e a e O r an o oo e en ro
D vid d t h sp ci l cti f th H l y Spi it It is

, ,
a an e e a a on O e o r
g v bj cti t h t t h v g lists p t dly

.
,
no t a ra e O e on a e e an e re ea e
m ti J s ph
en on J sus f th Q uit
o e c sist tly as e
’
a er e on en
th y m y fl ct p t p p l pi i i c t i
.
e a re e or re or o u ar O n on n er a n
pl c s whil givi g ls wh i f m ti d w f m
a e e n e e e re n or a on ra n ro a
p iv t s u c
r a e o r e
Ou t sid th s tiv s th N w T st m t is m
.
e e e n arra e e e e a en co
p l t l y il t V i gi bi th is t p s t i G l 4
,
4
e e S en r n- r no re en n a n or
v hi t d t ; f t h ph s b wm is
.
,
“ ”
e en n e f a or e ra e orn o a o an a
f mili p h s s d by J s u s Hims lf f m
a ar ra e , such u e e e o en as
M
( t F w w uld y with W stc tt th t vi gi e o sa e o a r n
bi t h is impli d th ugh t xplici tly ss t d i J h 1

, ,
14
r e o no e a er e n o n
th W d b c m fl sh S t ill it is diff icult t b li v

e or e a e e
”
o e e e
th t if J h h d g d d th st y i ccu t h
.
a o n a re ar e e or as na ra e , e
w uld h v utt d w d f p t st Th Sy ptics w
o a e e re no or O ro e e no e re
b f him ; il c p sum bly m s t dis pp v l

.
e ore S en e, re a ea n no a ro a
but t cit q i c upl d with st t m t i his

,
a a u es ce n ce , o e a a e en n
P l gu
ro o f wh t h c c iv d t b
e O d p t uth a e on e e o e a ee er r .
Th is c t dicti such h f t b
e re no ll g d
on ra on , as as O en een a e e ,
b tw
e bi th f vi gi
ee n d p xist c th ugh i
r o a r n an r e -e en e, o .
n
1
M ofl a t t , I ntr od u ct i on
'
to th e L i tera ture f t he N T,
o 25 1 .
J ESUS
’
B I RT H OF A V I RGI N 5 29
p i t of f ct N w T st m t w it h pp s t m ti
o n a no e e a en r er a en o en on
b th Luk t h P uli is t
o sc c ly h v b
e, e a n ca n ar e a e e en un
f mili with t h id i p xis t c ; d vi gi bi th
.
,
a ar e ea O re -e en e an r n- r
m y h v st d i his mi d l ss
a a e t h ul t im t g u d f
oo n n e as e a e ro n O
J sus S ship t h
e
’
on th m di ti g occ si of His an as e e a n a on
p s c
re e n e , S i t h w ld as It is t sy t on , why n e or no ea o s ee
p ticul m d f bi t h sh uld b th ugh t i c g u us

.
a ar ar o e o r o e o n on r o
wi t h t h id f p t mp l lif R sch d Bl ss h v
e ea o r e- e ora e e an a a e
gu d t h t wi t h s m ci t v si s w sh uld d th
.
ar e a o e an en er on e o r ea e
i gul p u i J 1
S n ar t
r on o wh w b n but n n
13 —
no
“
o er e orn ,
”
wh w o b t f bl d
as f t h will f t h fl sh
or n , n o o oo n or o e O e e n or
f t h will f m but f G d t h subj ct th u s b i g t h

, ,
o e o an , O o e e e n e
I c t O
n a rn a e But this is h dly s i us I t h c s
ne ar er o n e a e
f S t P ul g i sil c ly m ig c f
. .
o a a a n, en e ca n on ea n n ora n e O a
st y v t h j l usly gu d d withi w ci cl
.
,
or e en en ea o ar e n a n arro r e
T h is i d d much t b th kful f i t h p vid ti l
.
e re n ee o e an or n e ro en a
ci cums t c t h t t h m th d f
r an e L d s t i g th
a e e o O ou r or
’
en e r n e
w ld w
or t t fi st m d
as th subj ct f d c t i l
no a r a e e e o o r na
re fl cti e on
t hi g h w v il c f St P ul d s p v
.
O ne th n o e e r, e S en e o a oe ro e
It p v s t h t p stl c uld h ld d t ch t h t l
. .
,
ro e a an a o e o o an ea e e e rn a
S ship f Ch is t wi t h ut
on o f c t vi gi bi t h ; which
r o re er en e o r n- r
i tu
n is g d vid c th t i t h c s f M t t h w d
rn oo e en e a n e a e o a e an
Luk t h b li f d t h v b
e e e i sistibl ligi us
e n ee no a e e en an rre e re o
p stul t It w
o a e t psych l gic lly i i t bl id as no a o o a n ev a e ea
which h d t b i t oduc d t c st v g lists
.
a y o Th e n r e a an o e e an e
f lt th t t h t s t im y w g d
.
e a e e on as oo
hist y t h lly s t g gum t i f v u f t h

.
F or or e rea r on ar en n a o r o e
vi gi bi t h is t h diffi culty f cc u t i g f t h sto y
r n- r e o a o n n or e r
o th wis th
er th e ssumpti f i t t uth H ck
an on e a on O s r a rn a
w h t c s v ythi g t Is 7 um t s thi t th
.
,
14
o ra e e er n o en era e r een o er
th i s f igi ; d t h cu i us list might b dd d t
,
1
eor e o or n an e r o e a e o
If t h Ol d T st m t h w v h ws y l i g it is t
.
e e a en o e er , S o an ea n n no
t gl ify vi gi ity pp s d t m i g but th t h

, ,
o or r n as O o e o a rr a e, ra er e
o th w y
er Th s ms t h v b
a xp ct ti th t
ere ee o a e ee n n o e e a on a
M ssi h s bi th w uld b b m l ; t t c is
.
’
th e e a r o e a n or a no a ra e
disc v bl f M ssi ic x g sis f I

o era e o whil th
a e an e e e O s e e
f f tch d w y i which t h v s is dduc d by M t t h w
a r- e e a n e er e a e a e
sh ws t h t h is ly cl chi g his st t m t wi t h p f
o a e on en n a e en a roo
t xt t i f ti lly d ivi g
e no n e re n w f ct H simply a er n a ne a e
qu t s Is i h t p l i u d s g i st M y s h u
.
,
’
o e a a o re e nn en oe a a n ar on o r .
D ogmenges chi chte , i 113 ‘
f
. .
See P ro es sor B uch a n a n Gra y s ma st erly

’
2
a rgu men t i n t h e E xp osi tor f or
Ap ri l 1 911 .
34
530 PE RSON OF J ESUS CH R I S T
T HE
A d th supp s d i flu c
n e f h th myth l gy w uld
o e n en e O ea en o o o
re qui lo g tim th N w T st m t c iticism will

re a n er e an e e a en r
a ll w Fu th i t h G sp l st y th is p u
o r er, d
n e o e or e re a re a n
b utiful tic c which h thi g i c mm with G k

.
ea re en e as n o n n o on re e
or Hi d u ti s f bi th f m Divi
n n arra d h um on O r ro a n e an a an
p t;a ren ti s which yhow d

n arra t t llon f vi gi an o no e o r n
bi th t l l b u t f g ds p s s ss d with h u m p ssio s It
r a a O o o e e an a n
is i d d st ictly v cious D O h p v d t y
, .
1
n ee r e ra as r rr as ro e o sa
th t th ic p ll l t bi th f m pu vi gi h b
.
, ,
a no e n a ra e o r ro a re r n as een
f u d Th co t y is ft st t d b t t t h c uci l
o n e n rar O en a e u a e r a
p i t t h ll g d p ll l i v i bly b ks d w ; d
.
,
o n e a e e ara e n ar a r ea o n an
e v en dic l c i t ics
ra oblig d t g t th t p g id s
a r a re e o ran a a an ea
if d pt d by t h v g lists w t sfo m d o u t f
,
a o e e e an e ere ra n r e o
c g itio ly ; b u t th ly ch pt s f
,
a ll re o n N t n
2
o on so e ea r a er o
M tth w d Luk t i t s ly H b ic Th y
.
a e i an e a re n on e n en e e ra e
m u st h v is i P l sti i ci cl s Th ttit u d f
.
a e ar en n a e n an r e e a e o
fi st c t u y Ch isti s to p g t l s g di g th c l sti l
.
r - en r r an a an a e re a r n e e e a
d sc t of Al x d th G t P l t
e en A ugustus
e an er e rea a o, or ca n
ly h b f i dig th o W th f
, ,
on av e een on e o n n an orr r e a re ere or e

titl d t b li v th t i di g th s ly t diti s
.
en e o e e e a n r ea n e e e ar ra on
w h v b f
e a us m tt with high cl im to c dibility
e e ore a er a a re
d s it com t u s div c d f m th st of t h
.
N
“
or oe e o or e ro e re e
e v g lic st y by lo g p c ious i t v l f y s O
an e or a n re ar n er a -
O ear n
th c t y v dic l c itic J h s W iss h

.
,
e on ra r e e n S O ra a a r as o ann e e as
xp ss d t h vi w th t t h c t ts f Luk 1 d 2
,
e re e e e a e on en o e an
m y h v ci c u l t d i t h J wish Ch isti
a a e r commu iti s f
a e n e e r an n e o
J d i t h sixti s
u aea
“
n e
’
e
”
3
s m tim c sid tio s f hist y

.
At t h e a e t e, on e ra n o or a re no
d cisiv by th ms lv s Th vid c m ight c c iv bly

e e e e e e e en e on e a
b much s t g th it is th ugh it h b p t it is
.
e ron er an o as as e en u
st g ugh f ti l cc pt c Wh w tu
, , ,
ron eno or ra ona a e an e en e rn
th t m th l gic l c sid tio s it is c ss y t

.
en o ore eo o a on e ra n ne e ar o
h v b f u s cl ly wh t t h g tiv gu m t x ctly
,
a e e ore ea r a e ne a e ar en e a
is
Whil t h o igi f J s u s p s must b t c d t

.
’
e e r n o e e r on e ra e o
God s c tiv p w d th u s t mi l i th t u
’
rea e o er, an o rac e n e r e
s s d whil this is t h p op
en e, a n ligi us sig ific c f
e e r er re o n an e O
t h w ds c c iv d f th H ly Gh st c victi ( it
“ ”
e or on e e o e o o no on on
m y b h ld ) is tt i bl t th f m m di u m of this
, ,
a e e a a na e as o e or or e
Divi c ti ne W k w th t t h S viou is f m b v
rea on e no a e a r ro a o e
w do t k ow h w H c m to b h i th t ch ct
.
e no n o e a e e e re n a ara er .
1 Th e Vi rgi n B ir th of Ch r i st , ch a p v i . .
2
Cf J W ei ss i n Rel i gi on i n Gesch i ch te
. . u . Gegen wa r t, i . 1 7 3 6—3 7 .
3
Die S ch r if ten d N T, i 4 12 . . .
532 PERSON OF J ESUS CH RI ST
TH E
m f t h pplic t i f t h c t g y f t p§ th f
ore or e a a on o e a e or o r ) 7r 7rov an O
7 6 a y f
ua It w th ugh t h su cti th t Ch ist
z a ou as ro e re rr e on a r
d full ctivi t y L d ; wh t m i t i sic lly

.
t
e n er e on a as or a or e n r n a
c g u us th th t His i iti l w k
on r o an th sh uld b gi
a n a or on e ar o e n,
as w ll e d with th t which m k d Him ff f m l l
as en a ar e O ro a
th child If Ch ist is S f G d l ly
,
o er f m r en O en r on o o In a one
an d u sh nd s s f f m ll t i t f i d H d f
a re en e , ree ro a a n o S n, an ea o a
re d m d c H cl ly u x m pl d p s t h t w
ee e ra e , e IS ear so ne a e a er on a e
c t ssum Him t h v b subj ct ith i bi th
an n o a e o a e een e e er n r or
d th t ll m l s qu c s This is t i d d t p v
ea o a n or a e en e no n ee o ro e
t h vi gi bi th b put I t d s t f ll w
.
“
e r A it h
n- r S as een : oe no o o
th t thi g ctu lly h pp d b c us it pp s t us
.
a a n a a a en e e a e a ear o
lik ly d b c mi g th t it h uld h pp is i t
,
e an e o N
n a S o a en or
m k t h sup tu l bi th f J sus t h g d f
.
t o a e e er n a ra r O e e r ou n O
His i l ss ss m l f ct is xplic bl ulti
,
sa y A
S n e ne t ora a no e a e
m t ly by which is physic l But w m y s
.
,
a e on e a e a r ea on
bly i sist vit l u ity p ll lism f pi it

.
a n th On e a n or ara e O S r
an d b dy fi di g it wh lly
o n tu l th t u iq u hum
n o na ra a a n e an
pi it sh uld ls h v b dy u iqu ly c diti d i its
,
S r o a o a e a o n e on on e n
or igi n
mi p i t y b gl c d t S m f th s
.
( )
2 O ne m n or o n a e an e a o e o o e
j ct th vi gi bi th f J sus whil m i t i i g His
.
wh o re e e r n- r O e e a n a n n
p f c t i l ss ss xpl i this u iqu bs c f m l

,
er e S n e ne e a n n e a en e o ora
t i t by sum m i g t th i i d th sup tu l f ct s ;
,
a n on n o e r a o er er n a ra a or
an d it th b c m s qu sti wh th such i t c l t d
en e o e a e on e er n er a a e
f ct s
a or t m a re n omi cul us w ll m or e i t l ra o as e as ore un n e
ligibl th t h v g lic st y Schl i m ch g h

,
e, an e e an e or e er a er, e as
gu d th t bi th t k pl c i m l w ys wh s t h
. . .
,
ar e a r oo a e n n or a a erea e
c tiv p w f GOd i t v d t b t h t smissi f

,
rea e o er O n er ene o ar e ra n on O
i b
n i
or n Of this it
s n ly b m k d th t it t can on e re ar e a oo
ffi ms sp ci l t f i t f c th p t f G d
.
a r a e a ac d o n er er en e on e ar O o an
which th xists i t h c d t t h f i t s t
,
on e f or ere e n e re or no e a n e
t c f id c My te p my te t h cc u t f
ra e o ev en e s re ou r s r e, e a o n O
Luk d M tth w is t b p f d
.
e an a e o e r e er re
( 3 ) Th p i t f l imp t c is p sitiv th th
.
e o n o r ea or a n e o e ra er an
ne g tiv ; t t h bs c f hum f th but t h ov

a e no e a en e O a an a er , e er
sh d wi g p s c f th Divi Spi it Th v g lists

a o n re e n e O e ne r e e an e
t l d g d th bi th d iv d f m th Spi it
.
d o no t
ea uS o re ar e r as er e ro e r
a cti g b p w ; t h v t h
n as a re ss ti lly th ic l
o er e e en as an e en a e a
a sp ct This is fu ish d w m y c sid by t h f i t h

e rn e e a on er , e a
d h ly b di c f M y cti g up t h high i
.
, ,
an o O e en e O ar re a n on e er n
f m b v Th is m gic i t h mi cl ;
,
fl u e n ce s ro a o e ere no a n e ra e no
bs c f m di ti g f c s i th pi i t u l d m l lm
.
a en e o e a n or e n e S r a an ora r ea
J sus is b l ti f t u h dity to His

.
e m i
orn a an , n a re a on o r e ere
J ESUS
’
B I RT H OF A V I RGI N 533
m th o d th ugh h
er , a n f i t h t t h g c d pi ty f t h
ro er a o e ra e a n e O e
p s t His is w hum i t y u iqu p f c t ss f

, ,
a ia ne an n e n er e ne o
i i ti l c s t i tu t i but g ft d by G d s c tiv t i t
.
,
’
n a on on , ra e o rea e ac n o
th ld s t m
e O er e
Wh w l k t th s tw f m s f vid c simul t
.
en e oo a e e o or o e en e ane
ou s ly t h — x ll c f t h t diti t g t h wi t h t h
e e ce en e o e ra on o e er e
spi i t u l fit ss f Vi gi bi th th y s m t i v lv ch
r a ne o r n- r — e ee o n o e ea
o th much lik th ms of g t ch isi g up t m t

er, e e ar a rea ar r n o ee
an dj i o n
I h v l dy xp ss d my c mpl t i c dulity to
.
a e a rea e re e o e e n re as
th e xist c f p cis h th p ll ls t t h G sp l
e en e o re e ea en a ra e o e o e
st y But v if w g t t h p i t wh t th ? Th
or e en e ra n e o n a en en
w sh ll h v c m t c g is th t t h t h ic w ld
.
,
e a a e on e or e o re o n e a e e n or
h d b
a d mi g f g t thi gs y t t b A with id s
ee n re a n o rea n e o e s ea
lik t h s f I c t i At m t R su cti
.
e o e o n arn a d on , on e en e rr e on , an
m y m s m dim p i si f d c vi g f t
,
an or e , o e re v on O an ra n or ra n
s cen d t Divi en liti s h d l dy vi sit d t h s uls f

n e r ea e a a rea e e o O
m en It w i t u spi i t u l w ld t h t t h Ch isti
as n o no n r a or a e r an
ligi c m b t w ld t h f s t hi g h p s d
.
re on a e, u a or ra er o ee n o e an
d m s d p m it y glimps s Th s h p s t h
rea an re on or e e e o e e
G sp l w t lis B t it lis d th m w m y b li v
.
o e as o r ea e u r ea e e e a e e e,
t by b wi g id s d cki g its lf t i ci t
.
,
no orro n ea or e n e ou n an en
symb ls but by t h xhibiti f f c t withi t h fi ld f

,
o e e on o a a n e e o
his t y i which w m t h fulfill d t h i t i g i h

,
or n ere ore an e e n ex n u s
a bl y i gs f t h w ld s d si
e ea rn n O e or
’
e re
I c clusi I c t d y mys lf th pl su f t h
.
n on on , ann o en e e ea re o e
f ll wi g qu t ti f m th B mpt L c t u s f 19 11
o o n o a on ro e a on e re O
d by J H Sk i T s m f us wh
,
C d r ee d th C an e r ee s, r ne : o o e o o
t h m st stly c t d f t h divi ity f J sus m y

. .
e o earn e on en or e n o e a
th t this d iv d ss is t uth which

,
w e no t y sa U t
a h f n er e ne e r or
th y e lly c t di g wh th y ch mpi c t i
ar e r ea on e n n en e a on er a n
t icl s c d which f v lu ly th his

,
ar f e O our ree ar e o a e on as e
t i l c
or ca l tiv s f th t t u t h
orre a symb ls f it T hus
e o a r or a s o O
t h y ss t t h V i gi Bi th f J sus if t h Divi ity f
.
, ,
e a er e r n r o e as e n o
Ch is t s t d f ll wi t h t h t physic l v t It is t
,
r oo or e a a e en no so
th m f t h Bi t h h v ffic cy f hum f t
.
— e a n n er o e r ca n a e e a or an a e
on ly fl hl y cc mp im
as a t f t h spi itu l v t t h
es a o an en o e r a e en e
t y i t t h hu m cu t f f c t d iv d f m
,
en r n o e an rr e n O a or e n o er e ro
hum i t y This t y is wh t w h v t p v This

an en r a e a e o ro e
ught w to d d t i d d t l v th t h u d
. .
o e o, a n no n ee o ea e e o er n on e ,
b t still t
u ssu h ts t h t p v
o a f u d i c p bl
re ou r ear a ro en or o n n a a e
f p f disp f i t c t sh k f i t h th t G d s t
,
O roo or roo an no a e ou r a a o en
f t h His S ; s t H i m f t h m d f w m ; b t
,
or on en or a e o a o an u
His S S m t im s
on . w w figh t fo symb l wh w
e e no e or a o en e
534 T H E P E RS ON OF J ES US CHRI S T
Sh uld fight f t h subst c ;

o or e an e as ere n ow c mp ig s
in a a n
of c u t ym
ou r o n r gim t en , a re en h as l st vict y by
o a or a
us l ss st if t s v t h c l u s
e e r e o a e e o o r A re w t li bl t d
e no a e o o
s m — t m mb t h b f g t th b ttl ?
.
”
th e a e o re e er e a n n er , or e e a e
(p .
536 I NDE X
E us eb i us , O f Caes area , 18 0 I mm ut ab i l i ty , Di v i n e, 27 2, 4 7 2—4
h
. .
E us eb i u s, of Ni com ed i a , 18 3 I mp erson a li t y of C ri s t s m a n h ood ,

’
h
.
E ut y c i a n Con t rov ersy , 20 9 — 11 20 6 —9 0

h
. .
E v ol ut i on , a n d C ri s t , 4 3 7 — 9 . I n ca rn a t i on , n ot e x p l a i n e d i n N T,
E xa l t ed Lord sh i p O f Ch ri s t , i n S t 6 7 1 20 ; a s a p roces s 27 3 , 4 9 1
h h
.
,
P a ul , 5 2— 6 2 ; i n Fou rt Gos p el , 5 0 1 C ri s t i a n i d ea o f, 4 27 —4 4 4 ;
10 6 — 7 ; s i gn i fica n ce o f, f or a i t h , f re m ed i a l i n p u r pose, 4 4 0 — 4 4
h h
.
3 6 3 — 8 2 t eol ogi ca l i n t erp ret a t i on I n t el l ect u al n eed f or C ri st ol ogy ,

Ofi 4 1 8 — 9 28 5 — 3 0 5
h
. .
I n t e rcess i on O f C ri s t , 3 7 6 -8
h
.
Fa i t Ch ri s t Ob ect of, 3 4 5 - 5 3 n ot j I re n ee us , 125 , 16 9 .
j
,
m erel y Sub ect 3 5 3- 6 2

h h h h
.
,
Fa t er ood of God , s own i n J esu s, J oh a n n i n e C ri s t ol ogy , 9 4 —1 21

— 8 in fl p rod uct i v e O f , 98 — 9
h
. ue n ces .
Forgi v e n es s , i m p art ed b y J esu s , 3 2 J o n of D a m a scu s , 222

h h
.
m ed i a t ed t ro ug J es us 30 7 , 3 5 9 , J oh n t h e B a p t i s t 1 6 , .
3 6 2 a su p er n a t ura l rea li t y, 3 5 7 — 9 . J ud ge, Chri s t a s 3 3 , .
J ust i n M artyr , 1 24 , 14 0 -4 .
Gn os t i ci sm , Ch ri s t ol ogy o f, 1 3 4 —6 ,
14 5 Ka n t , 24 9
h h
. .
God ea d, as p redi c at ed of C ri st , Ka r a a d a — Ka r d n ue flua , 127 .
1 3 2, 4 1 9— 23 K e n os i s, i d ea of , i n S t P a ul , 6 6 —7 ;
h
. .
Gregory , Of N azi a n zus 19 3 20 0 i n Fourt Gos p el , 1 1 5 i n I ren aeus ,

h h
.
, ,
Gregory , o f N ssa , 1 93 , 20 1 145 ; i n Lu t era n C ri s t ol ogy ,

y
f h
.
24 1 ; i n Re or me d C ri st ol ogy ,
H ea v en l y Ma n , 6 8 -9 24 3 ; i n n i n e t een t h cen t u ry , 26 4
h
.
H e b rews , C ri s t ol ogy of , 7 8— 8 7 ; 27 2, 4 6 3 — 6 6 t h eol ogi ca l i n t erp re

ff f
d i eren t rom P a ul i n e, 8 6 — 7 t a t i on Of, 4 6 3 — 8 6 ; d a t a O f i n t er
h
.
H egel i a n C ri s t ol ogy , 25 6 — 6 4 .
p re t a t i o n, 4 6 9 —
7 0 ; a n a l ogi es of ,
H e n ot i con , Of Zen o, 21 7 . 4 7 4 — 9 li mi t s of d i s cus si on , 4 8 2—5
H erma s , 126 — 8 , 1 3 8 . j
Ri t schl s Ob ect i on , 4 8 5
’
.
Ki n gd o m O f God , J e su s c on cep t i on
’
H ero, a s d es cri p t i on o f J esus , 28 8
29 1 of , 1 7 p res en t a n d ut ure, 24 f
h h h h
. .
H i g P ri es t , C ri s t a s, 8 1, 8 4 . Ki n gs i p , O f C ri st , 3 7 9 .
Kn owl ed ge, J es us , of God , 1 05

’
H i l a ry , 1 5 3 , 1 7 4 , 223 .
l i mi t a t i on s O f J es us s e cul a r, 3 9 7 — 8
’
H i p p ol y t us , 1 5 0
h
. .
H i st ori c C ri st , i n St P a u l , 6 2— 5 ; R u ws, 6 , 9 , 3 6 9 , 3 7 2
h p
. .
as s t an d ard of C ri st ol ogy , 3 0 6
’
3 20 H errman n s i n t erp ret a t i on O f , Leo of Rom e , 210 ; h i s Dogma t i c
3 1 5 —7 . E p i s t l e, 21 1 .
H i st ory, an d t h e Gos p el , 30 8 — 12 ; Leon t i us O f By za n t i um , 21 7 -8 .
and an a b sol ut e P erson al i t y , Les si n g, 3 0 8 .
3 5 5— 7 Logos -con cep t i on , i n S t P aul , 7 1 ;

h
. .
H om oea n s , 192 . i n H eb rews, 8 5 — 6 ; i n Fou rt

H omoeous i a n s , 1 92— 3 . Gos p el , 1 1 3 , 11 6 —20 , 14 3 ; i n
H om ousi a 1 6 6 , 1 7 1, 1 7 4 , 18 1, 18 5
, Greek Ap ol ogi st s, 14 0 — 4 in
18 7 , 1 8 9 , 23 5 I ren aeus, 14 5 — 7 ; i n Tert ul l i a n ,
h
.
H osi us, o f Cord ov a , 1 8 0 — 1 , 19 1— 2 . 15 4 i n Al ex a n d ri a n t e ol ogi a n s ,

H um a n i t ari an i sm , p ri mi t i v e , 123 — 4 . 1 5 9— 7 0 i n P a ul of Sa nrosa t a , 1 7 1
H u m a n l i fe a n d c hara ct e r O f J es us , 1 7 4 ; i n Ari us , 1 7 6 — 7 ; i n A t h a n
i n Syn op t i cs i n St P a ul a si us , 18 7 — 8 ; i n Cy ri l , 20 6 — 9 ; i n
,
f h
.
,
6 2— 5 ; i n H eb rews , 7 9 — 8 0 ; i n Lu t h eran a n d Re ormed C ri s

h h
~
F ourt Gos p el 99 -1 0 0 i n Lut er, t ol ogi es

f h
. ,
23 1— 2 s i gn i fi ca n ce of, f or ai t Lu c i a n , 1 7 6
h
.
,
38 3 — 4 0 6 Luk e, C ri st ol ogy Of , 5
h
. .
Lut er, 23 0 — 7 , 321, 3 25

h h h
.
I gn a t i us , 126 , 129— 3 4 , 1 3 8 Lu t era n Ch u rc , C ri s t ol ogy of,

h
.
I mma n ence, a n d C ri s t , 4 3 1— 4 0 . 23 7 —4 2 .
I ND E X 5 37
Ma rcel l us O f An ey ra 18 0 18 9 - 9 1 Pol y ca rp , 126

h
. .
, , ,
Ma rci on 13 6 ,
. Pray er t o C ri s t , 125 , 3 6 6—7 .
Ma rk Ch ri st ol ogy of 5
, , . P ra xe a s , 1 4 9 — 5 1 .
Ma t t h ew Ch ris t ol ogy o f 5 P ie -e x i s t e n ce , i d ea o f , i n S t Pa ul ,
h
. .
, ,
M ed i aev a l C ri s t ol ogy 225 —9 6 6-7 1 ; i n H e b re ws , 8 3 —4 ; in

h
.
,
Me l a n c t h on 23 7 , . Fourt h Gos p el , 1 0 3 - 5 ; V i ew o f
M el i t o of S a rd es 1 4 2 1 4 9
, , , . Ari us , 1 7 6 - 8 ; i n t e r p ret a t i on O f ,
Messi a h sh i p o f J es us 14 — 9 ; rese rv e , j
4 4 5 - 6 2 O b ec t i on s t o, 4 4 9— 5 4 as
i n H i s s el f-a v owa l , 1 7 ; i n cl ud es i d ea l , n ot rea l , 4 5 4 — 8 ; rel i gi ous
s u ff eri n g, 19 , 23 , 24 an d S on s i p , h v a l ue of , 4 5 8 — 6 2
h h h
.
3 0 ; i n S t P a ul , 5 3 ; i n F our t . P re sen ce of C ri s t , wi t d i sci pl es ,

Gosp el , 9 4 — 5 ; i n s ub -a p ost ol i c 10 6 , 3 6 1— 5
h h
.
a e , 1 25
g . P r i m i t i v e C ri s t i a n v i e w of C ri s t ,
Mess i a n i c d ogma t i c, 4 4 3 9— 48
h h
. .
Met a p h ysi cs, i n C ri s t ol ogy , 30 2- 5 Py t agora s, 16 1

h
. .
M i t ra i sm , 15 9
h
.
Mod a l is m, i n Four t Gosp el , 1 12— 3 Q ( t h e Gosp el source ) Ch ri s t ol ogyof , , 5 .
i n I gn a t i us , 1 3 3
h f h h Ch
.
Mod ern Ra d i ca l S c ool , 28 1— 4 , 3 5 3 Re or med C urc , ri s t ol ogy o f,
3 62 24 2— 5
h
. .
Mona rc i a ni sm, 1 4 7 —5 3, 1 6 6 , 16 9 , Re v el a t i on , com p l e t e i n J esus ,

1 7 1— 4 Ri t s chl i a n Ch ri st o l ogy , 27 8 —8 1
h
. .
Mon op y si t e Con t rov ersy , 215— 9 Rob ber Sy n od , 4 10

h
. .
M on ot el i t e Con t rov ersy , 219 — 222 .
My st i ci sm, 3 7 8 —9 . Sa bel l i a n i s m , 14 4 , 1 5 1-3 , 19 0 .
S a cri fi ce, of God i n Ch ri s t , 27 1 .
N a t ures , t wo, d oct ri n e Of, 15 5—7 , Sa l v a t i on , p h y si ca l i d ea O f , 14 6 , 298 ,

21 4 , 293 - 9 3 22
h h
. .
NeO-P l a t on i s m , 15 9 — 6 1 . S chl ei e rm a c er, C ri s t ol ogy of , 250

N est ori a n i s nr, 20 1-5 , 20 8 — 9 25 6
h
. .
N ew Te s t a men t C ri st ol ogy , t yp es Semi -Ari a n i sm , 1 8 9 , 1 9 1— 5 .
Of, 1 m ot i v es of, 2— 4 . Si n l es sn ess of J es us , 3 5 — 8 , 4 0 0 —4 ,

Ni cma , Coun ci l O f , 1 7 9 - 8 3 . 4 12— 5 .
N i lri l i a n i sm , 227 S oci n i a n i sm , 24 5— 6

h
. .
N i n et e en t Cen t ury, Ch r i st ol ogy of, S on of D a v i d , 23 .
24 7 — 8 4 . Son of God , as Sy n op t i c t i t l e of
Noe t us , 1 4 9— 5 0 J e sus , 25 — 3 1 ; i n S t P a ul , 6 5 ; i n
h
. .
Nov a t i an , 1 5 7 — 8 H eb rews , 8 0 — 8 1 ; i n F ou rt Gos p el ,

h
.
1 0 2— 5 ; in Ap os t ol i c Fa t ers ,
Od es of Sol om on , 119 . 128 — 9 ; t h eol og i ca l i n t erp ret a t i on
O ri gen , 1 6 1, 1 6 4 — 7 0 . o fi 4 15 — 8 .
Son o f m a n , a s Sy n op t i c t i t l e O f
J es u s , 1 9 —25 n ot u s e d by S t
h
.
P a t ri p a s si a n i s m , 1 4 9— 5 1 . Pa ul , 5 4 ; i n F ourt Gos p el 1 0 8 . .
P a u l o f S a m osa t a , 1 7 1— 4 , 20 2 .
p i ri t , rece p t i on of by J es us , 1 7 , 124
P a ul i n e Ch ri s t ol ogy , 4 9 — 7 7 ; i t s a d b est owed b y e xa l t ed Lord , 4 2 ; a s
p ri m i t i v e con ce p t i on s ,
’
p a rt O f Ch ri s t s b e i n g, 6 4 , 1 27 cor
ff f h h h
v a n ce on
7 4 d i eren t rom t a t of H e bre ws , rel a t e d wi t C ri s t , 4 5 , 5 7 — 8 , 1 28

8 6 —7 h h
m ed i a t ed t roug Ch ri s t , 3 7 3 — 6
h
. .
P erson O f C ris t , i n rel a t i on t o H i s S ub -a p os t ol i c a ge, Ch ri st ol ogy of ,

work , 3 21— 4 4 . 1 22— 7 .
P erson a li t y , n ot i mp en et rabl e, 338 — 9 S ub con s c i ous n ess, 4 8 7 —9 0

f
. .
P e t er, con es s i on of , 18 S ub ord i n a t i on , O f t h e Son , i n S t

h
. .
P e t r in e C ri s t ol ogy , 4 4 - 8 P aul , 7 1- 4 ; i n H ebre ws , 8 5 ; i n

h h
.
P i l o, 6 9 , 8 5 , 11 6 —7 . t h e Ap oca l y ps e, 9 2 ; i n Fourt
P i et y of J es us , 1 1— 2, 3 9 9 . Gos p el , 10 1 , 1 14 —5 i n Tert ul l i a n ,
P l ot in us , 1 60 . 15 4 ; i n Or i gen , 1 6 6 ; i n At ha n
P n euma t i c C hri st ol ogy, 126 . as i us , 1 8 8 ; c f a l so, 4 6 4 . .
538 I ND E x
Sy nop t i cs , Ch ri s t ol ogy of , l , 5 U n i on wi th Ch ri st , i n St P aul , 5 6 , .
a wr fip, 7 5 — 6
‘
. 3 3 4 — 5 ; i n Fourt h Gos p el , 1 1 0 —2,
3 36 —7 d et ermi n es our con cept i on
Tem p t a t i on O f J es us , 12, 4 0 1- 3 o f Hi s p erson , 3 3 3 —4 0
U
. .
Tert ul l ia n 1 25 , 1 4 8 , 1 5 3 -8 n i t ar i a n i s m, 1 7 3 , 28 1—4 , 3 4 0
h h U
. .
,
T eoce nt ri c C ri s t ol ogy , 24 7 - 5 0 . n i versa l i ty of Ch ri s t , 39 1-3 .
Th eod ore, O f MO ps ues t i a , 20 1-2 ur ba r a a rs, 1 7 4 , 18 2, 18 6 , 19 3 , 20 2,

h
.
T eod ot us , 1 4 8 . 20 7 , 5 24 .
Th eop h i l us, 14 0
h
.
T om as Aq ui n as, 228 , 5 23 .
V a l en t i n u s , 1 3 4
Tri n i t y, d oct ri n e
Vi ct or, b Sh OP: 1 4 8
26 ; p urel y ex p eri m en t a l i n Scri p j h
t ure, 5 0 9 ; econ om i c t eory , 5 12 h Vi rgi n -bi rt , 13 8 -9 , 253 , 3 8 7 , 5 27
h
_
34
5 15 i m ma n en t t eory , 5 1 5 — 26
‘
Tub i n gen an d Gi essen Con t rov ersy,

23 9 . Wes tmi n s t er Con f
essi on , 29 3 .
II . AU THORS
D rasek e , 20 1 .
D resch er , 62 .
D ri ver, 22 .
B a ur, 22, 5 0 , 6 8 , 8 5 , 128 , 221 . D rum m on d , 99 , 34 0 .
B en sow, 4 7 6 . D u B ose 38 7 ,
.
Bergson , 29 1 Dyk es , 20 0 , 20 2, 20 8 , 215 , 222, 23 4 ,

h
.
B et un e-B a k er , 14 6 , 1 4 7 , 15 4 23 9 .
20 3 , 20 4 , 26 9 .
Bi ed erma n n , 26 2 E d geh i l l , 3 4 1
.
B i gg, 16 2, 16 5 -6
.
E wa l d 108
.
B on we tsch , 20 1 , 20 7 , 21 3
.
B ousse t , 16 , 21 —2, 3 4 , 8 8 , 3 5 7 .
Bov on , 3 7 0 . Fa irba i rn , 6 1, 8 1, 25 8 , 3 3 7 , 4 3 3 .
B ra d l ey , A C , 3 28 . . . Fa ut , 26 1 , 4 20 .
Bra dl ey, F H , 3 8 . . . Fei n e , 23 , 3 4 , 4 3 , 6 3 .
B rown i n g, 3 3 9 , 4 6 8 . Fi n d l ay , 3 4 2 .
B ruce , 7 9 , 8 2 24 5 , 26 7 , 27 7 , . Forres t , 3 5 , 26 5 , 27 1, 3 18 4 35 , 4 6 4 , .
B ruck n er, 5 1 . F orsy t h , 3 0 2, 4 6 5 , 4 7 3 , 4 7 5 , 5 0 2 .
B urki tt , 20 , 21 , 99 , 3 8 4 . Fost er, 1 8 9 .
B ur t on , 9 7 , 11 6 . Fromm el , 25 3 , 3 9 5 .
Ca i rd , E , 26 3
Gar vi e, 3 6 9 , 4 4 6 , 4 6 4
. .
Ca i rd , J , 1 99 , 4 3 9
.
.
Gess , 26 7
.
Ca i rn s , 3 5 1
.
Gl ov er, 1 4 4 , 16 3 , 4 6 8
.
Ca sp ari , 1 3 6
.
God et , 26 8
.
Col eri dge, 27 5

.
Goguel , 28
.
Gol t z , v on d er, 13 8
D al e, 3 12, 3 28 , 3 8 1, 4 1 1
.
Gra y , 5 29
Dal ma n , 1 8 , 22
.
Green , 3 93
.
D Arcy , 4 6 4
’ .
Gunk el , 5 1
.
D a v i d s on , 8 2
.
Gwa t ki n , 1 3 1, 1 7 4 , 180 ,
.
D ei ss ma nn , 6 2, 6 7 .
1 95
Denn ey , 4 , 1 7 , 27 , 28 , 4 1, 4 6 ,
.
9 3 , 28 6 , 3 29 , 4 15 , 5 0 9 , 5 3 1 .
Di ck Fl em i n g, 24 6 . Haeri ng, 3 8 , 24 8 , 3 22, 3 4 5, 4 19 , 4 62 .
Dorner, 213 , 21 8 , 26 7 , 2 7 2- 5 , 4 4 0 , Ha hn , 1 3 7 , 18 2, 1 9 2, 1 9 4 ,
4 97 . 20 9 , 210 , 21 2 .
540 I ND E x
W e st co t t 119 4 4 0
, ,
. W red e , 1 5, 5 1 .
West on 4 6 5 , ,
4 8 4 , 4 93 .
Wobbermi n , 3 16 . Zah n , 4 2, 125 , 13 2, 13 6 .
III . F
RE E RE N E S C
Gen esi s , 11 , 10 4 . 53 5 , 6 8 83, 6 3, 6 6 831 m
13 4 4 32
2 S a m uel , 7 , 25 . 55 ; 8 , 6 5 , 7 1 ; 9 5 , 4 9 , 7 2 ; 1 25 ,
9 6
Ps la m s ,
2 , 1 6 ,
2 5 ; 7 , 9 0 ; 3 , 11 7
3 5 6 ; 1 4 9 , 6 0 ; 14 14 , 5 6 ; 14 17 , 6 1 .
1 0 7 20 , 1 1 7 ; 14 7 15, 1 17 . 1 Cori n t h i a n s , 12, 125 , 36 6 ; 19 , 6 5 ;

P rov erb s , 8 22, 1 5 4 , 1 7 6 2
2 , 5 3 ; 3 23 , 10 4 , 6 6 , 4 4 7 ;
h
.
I s ai a , 4 7 ; 5 3 , 1 9 , 23 , 4 3 8 7 ; 113, 7 1 ; 48 ;
19 28 44 -9 45
11 7 ; 6 0 , 9 1 1 5 , 7 2 ; 15 , 68, 87 15 , 6 1
h
. .
29
J e re m i a ,
23 , 11 7 . 2 Cori n t h i a n s, 5 9, 1 28 ; 4 6
, 54 ;
Ma t t h ew, 7 21, 26 ; 103 2, 26 ; 1 12 m, 5 6 ; 5 7 , 5 7 ; 5 19 , 4 4 1 8 6 , 6 9 ;
19 27 9
17 ; 1 1 , 20 ; 11 , 26 fit , 9 6 , 1 0 6 , 8 , 6 6 ; 1 22, 20 ; 128 , 4 2, 1 25 ;
28
4 15 ; 11 , 1 ; 12 , 6 ; 1 6 ,
2 50
2 13
1 3 14 , 5 9 .
3 6 ; 1 8 20 , 1 1 0 ; 25 ; 27 4 0 , 25 . Ga l a t i a n s , 16
6 ; 1 , 54 ;
2 5 5,
Mark , 11, 5 ; 20 , 23 , 3 2 ; 65 ; 4 4 , 6 6 , 7 1 , 7 4 ; 5 22, 5 7 .
25 ; 6 5 , 5 , 1 4 ; 8 3 1, 1 8 ; 8 3 7 , 26 ; E p h esi a n s , 121, 5 5 ; 218 , 5 09 .
38 18
8 , 3 4 ; 1 0 , 3 7 ; 1 0 , 3 3 ; 13 , 32 32
Ph ili p p i a n s, 21 , 5 6 ; 6 6 , 7 5, 8 3 ,
-
I 3, 6, 2 2 9 , 3 9 7 ; 15 39
,
25 . 17 2 ; 2 8 , 3 7 ; 29 , 6 0 , 7 1
7
.
Luk e, 2 40 -5 2
, 2 6 : 252
,
1 0 ; 4 94
,
18 :
Col os si a n s , 1 13 , 6 5 1 15 , 6 5 , 8 3 115 m,
1 4 26 , 3 26 ; 22l 8 f 12 ; 2248 , 20 , 16
6 9 ; 1 , 7 2, 11 8 ; 118 , 5 7 ; 119, 7 1,
19 21 9
24 , 3 ; 4 2 4 , 15 7 4 ; 2 , 7 2 ; 215 , 6 1
h
. .
1 13
J o n , 1, 18 ; 1 , 10 4 ; 1 , 8 3 ; 1 Th es sa l on i a n s , 56
1 1 5 ff ; 10 7 ; 1 18 , 1 0 3 129 , f
. h
2 T ess al on i a n s , 49
.
1 20 3 13 , 1 0 8 ; 3 14 , 10 8 ; 3 16 , 1 03 ; Ti t u s , 6 13 , 1 3 9 .
35 1-4
3 , 1 1 0 ; 3 , 9 5 ; 4 13, 11 0 ; 5 18 ,
24
H e bre ws , 1 , 7 8 , 8 3 12, 13
19 19 -29 4
10 3 ; 5 , 10 0 5 ,
1 0 3 , 1 14 , 8 , 83 ; 1 ,
1 8 5 ; 16 , 8 5 '
26
5 ,20
9 5 ; 5 ,
1 0 2 9
9 ; 5 , 38
1 8 , 8 1 ; 1 13 , 8 5 ; 23 , 7 9 ; 29 , 8 1
111 ; 6 51 , 1 10 ; 6 5 3 , 10 8 ; 213 , 7 9 ; 214 4 6 , 8 1 ; 4 4 1 ; 3 2,
28
; s ,
10 0 ; 79 ; 87 ; 8 4 ; 4 15, 3 7 ;
29 38 46 53
8 , 10 0 ; 8 , 1 0 4 ; 8 , 3 5 ; 8 , 1 0 4 8 1, 8 7 ; 5 7 , 7 9 ; 5 3 , 3 7 , 7 9 ; 5 9 ,
30 33
10 , 17
10 0 ; 1 0 , 1 12 ; 1 0 , 10 3 ; 8 0 ; 6 4 , 8 7 ; 7 16 , 8 4 ; 7 21, 7 9 ; 7 23 ,
10 36 , 1 0 0 , 1 1 4 ; 10 38 , 1 12 ; 1 14 1 7 8 ; 7 25 , 7 8 , 8 4 7 27 , 8 2 ; 8 1, s o
1 0 0 ; 1 223, 10 8 ; 1223 -24, 120 ; 1227 8 2, so ; 8 6 , 7 8 ; 9 12, 8 2 ; 9 14 , 8 4
34 15
9 9 , 120 ; 12 , 10 8 ; 124 5 , 112 9 , 78 24
9 , 8 4 9 28 , 8 4 ; 80
31
3
13 , 1 0 6 ; 1 3 , 1 0 8 ,
12 0 ; 14 9
,
1 22, 7 9 ; 1 23 , 7 9 ; 1224 , 7 8 ; 13 12,
112 ; 1 4 10 , 1 0 4 ; 42 ; 1 4 20
, 79 85 .
1 11 ; 14 26 , 9 8 ; 1 5 5 , 1 1 0 ; 1 P e t er, 12, 4 6 ; 13 , 4 7 45 :
26
1 0 1 ; 1 5 , 9 8 ; 1 6 13, 98 ; 1 6 23 , 4 5 ; 221, 3 7 ; 4 7 ; 3 18 , 4 6 46 ;
27 3 22 6
7 ;
2 1 6 1 2 1 1 1 1 7 10 1 ; 3 , 7 ; 4 , 46
4 47 ; 47
, ;
h
.
, ,
7 21-23 23
1 0 7 ; 1 7 5 , 1 0 1 ; 1 7 21, 1 1 1 ; 1 J o n , 1 , 1 21 ; 2 , 3 8 4 ; 2 ,
1-3 2-3
1 7 23 , 1 10 ; 1 7 34 , 1 0 4 ; 20 93, 1 0 7 ; 1 21 ; 4 , 3 8 4 ; 4 , 1 21 ; 4 10 ,
28 31 15 6 6 -8
20 , 9 6 ; 2 0 , 9 4 ; 21, 9 6 . 4 4 1 ; 4 , 3 8 4 ; 5 , 121 ; 5 , 3 8 4 ;
7
Act , s 1 , 1 3 ; 1 24
, 4 2 ; 2 22
, 3 9 ; 2 93
,
1 21 .
4 1 ; 224 , 4 6 ; 23 2, 4 1 ; 23 6 , 4 0 ; 238 Rev el a t i on , 15 6 , 90 ; 16 , 9 3 ; 1 13 , 8 9

:
13
4 3 ; 3 , 43 ; 43 ; 44 1 18 , 9 0 ; 227 , 9 0 ; 3 5 , 9 0 ; 3 14 , 9 0
4 12, 4 3 ; 4 27 , 4 3 ; 7 56 , 20 , 4 3 ; 7 5 9 , 5 13
5 , 8 8 ; 5 , 4 2, 9 1 ; 88 ;
36 38 11 m
2
4 , 1 2 5 ; 4 2 ; 1 0 ,
4 1 ; 1 0 ,
91 7 ,
91 89 90
4 0 ; 10 41, 4 1 ; 194 3 , 4 3 . 90 ; 216 , 9 0 ; 2122-23 , 9 1
Roma n s, 1 , 4 0 , 4 7 , 6 8 , 6 4 —5 , 127 ;
3 4 °
2213 , 9 0 ; 2216, 8 8 ; 2220 , 125 .
The Int ernat ional Theological Library
Y
'
VO LU M E S N ow RE AD
An Introduction to the Literature of the Old Testa

ment B y P f so 5 R D RI VE R D D D L i t t
. ro es r . .
,
. .
,
. .
As h h
w o le t e re i s p ro b a bly n o boo k in t h e E n glis L a ng a e e q a l h u u
h g
a
t o t i s I n t ro d u ct i on t o t h e L i t e r a t u re o f t h e O l d T est a m en t , f or t h e
u
s t d e n t wh o d es ir e s t o u
n d e rst a n d w a t t h e m od e rn c ri t i c is m th i n ks h
u
a bo t th e B ib l e
”—
D r L MAN A
. Y
OTT , i n T he O u tlook
. BB .
C ro wn 8 y o ne t . .
A Hi story Of Christianity in the Ap ostolic Age .
B y ART H U R C M C GII F E RT , Ph D D D
‘
. . .
,
. .
T he cl ea rn e ss , se lf -co n s i s t e n cy , a n d f orc e o f h
t h e w ol e i m p ress io n of
h
Ap o s to l i c C r is t i a n i t y wi t h hi h
w we l e a v e t i s boo k goe s f a r t o gu ar h
d u
c
”—
a n t ee i ts p erm a n en t v a l ue an s cce ss T he E x pos i tor
. .
C ro wn 8 y o ne t . .
Chri stian Ethics . B y N E W MAN Som e, D D . .
As th i s boo k i s t h e l a t es t , so i t is t h e ull est a n d m o st a t t ra ct i v e t re at f

u h
m e n t of t h e s b ject t a t we ar e a mili a r wi t f
P a t ie n t a n d e x a s t i v e h hu
h qu u
.
in i t s m et od of in iry , a n d s ti m l a ti n g a n d s u gge st i v e i n t h e t op ic i t
h a n d l e s , we a re c o n fid e n t t a t i t wil l b e a h
el p t o t h e t as k o f t h e m o r a l h
u n d ers t a n di n g a n d in t e rp re t a ti on o f m a n lif e
”—
T h e Li v i ng C h u rch hu . .
C ro wn 8 v 0 $ 2 5 0 ne t . . .
Ap ologeti cs ; or, Chri stiani ty Def ensively Stated .
B y AL E XAN D ER B AL MAI N B R U CE , D D . .
We h l m b k i h
f o r a o n g t i e t a e n a oo
k
n ot a n d t a t i s m ore h
f h
n
i mu W h u uh h
ave
st la t in g to a it mm i t o t co e n t in
g f r t e r, we rep ea t t a t
um hl m h
.
t his v ol bl m
e i s th e a est , o st s c o a rly , os t a d v an ce d , a n d s a rp es t
d f Ch
e e n ce o f h
ri s t i a n i t y t a t h as e v e r
b i e e n wr t t e n NO t eologi c al h
h w h
.
”—
li H d
’
b ra ry s o u ld b e i t o u t i t Zi on s e ra l . .
C ro wn 8 v 0 n et . .
Old Testament History . B Y H E NR Y P RE S E R V E D SM I T H , D D . .
f h h
P ro S m i t h as b y hi s co m p re e n s i v e a n d v i t a liz e d i s t o ry l a id a ll who h
u
.
, ,
care f o r th e O ld T e s t a m e n t n d er gre a t O bl iga t io n s — T he I nde pende n t . .
C ro wn 8 v0 n t . e .
THE IN T E RN AT I O N A L T H E O L O GI C A L L I B RA RY
VOLUM E S N O W RE AD Y
The Theology of the New Testament . By O m en B .
ST E V E N S, D D . .
, LL D . .
I t is a fin e e xa m p l e of
”—
p a in st ak i ng, d i scri mi n ati n g, im p a rti al resea rc h
a n d st a t e m e n t . T he C on grega ti on a l i st C ro wn 8 v0.
. my .
History of Christian Doctrine . B y GE OR G E P . F I SH E R,

D D
. .
,
LL D . .
I t is o n ly ju t t t h at D r F is h u
h as p ro d ce d th e b e st H is tory
h h h
s o say . er
of D oct ri n e t at we av e in E n gl i s
” -Th e N ew Yor k E v a n el i st
.
g .
C ro wn 8 v0 . ne t .
The Christian Pastor and the Working Church .
By WAS H I N G T ON GL A DD E N, D D . .
,
LL D . .
“
h
A co m p re en si v e , i n s p irin g a n d e l p ul g i d e to a b sy p as t or h f u O ne u
u u
.
fin d s i n i t a m u l t i t d e o f p r ac t i c a l s gge st io n s f o r t h e d e v e lo p m en t o f
u h h
t h e s p i ri t a l a n d wo rk i n g l if e o f t h e C u rc , a n d t h e a n swe r to m a n y
h
p ro ble m s t a t a re a con sta n t p e rp le xi ty to t h e a i t f ul m in i s te r
”
— T h e C h ri s ti a n I n te ll i en ce r
f h .
g .
C ro wn 8 vo . n et .
Christian Ill Stltll t flS . By ALE XAND E R V . B . ALL E N , D D . .
f P ro u
Alle n s C h ri st i a n I n s t i t t ion s m ay b e re ga rd e d as t h e m os t
’
u hh
e s sor
imp o rt a n t p e rm an e n t co n t ri b t i o n w i c t h e P ro t e s t a n t E p i sco p a l
Ch h u rc of th e nite d U
St a t e s h a s ye t m a d e to ge n e ra l t eo logic al h
th ugh o t
” —
.T he Ameri ca n J ou rna l of T he ol ogy .
Cro wn 8 v0 . net .
The Theology of the Old Testament . By A B D A . . V ID SON ,
D D
. .
We ho p e e v e ry c le r
gym a n
will n o t re st con t e n t n t il h e h as p roc re d u u
u h
a n d s t d i e d t i s m ost a d m i ra b le a n d se u l b oo k E v e ry re a lly se ul u f u f
u
.
q ue s t io n rela t i n g to m a n — h i s n a t re , h i s f a ll , a n d h is red e mp t ion ,

h i s p re se n t lif e o r gra ce , h i s lif e a f t e r d e a t , h i s t u re l if e , i s h fu
t re a t ed —
The C a n adi a n C h u rch ma n C rown 8 y o $ 2 5° m y .
. . .
The Christian Doctrine of Salvation . By G E OR G E B .
ST E V E N S, D D . .
,
LL D . .
f
P rof es so r St e ve n s h a s p e r o rm e d a t ask of gre a t i m po rt a n c e , ce rt a in to
e x ert wi d e a n d el
p ul i n h f
e n ce i n se tt li n flu
g t h e m i n d s of m e n H e has
u h h
.
t re at ed t h e s b je c t i s to ric a l ly a n d h a s gi v e n t o C ri s t t h e fi rs t p l a ce i n
in terp reti ng h i s o wn m is s ion — C on grega ti on a li st a nd C h ri s ti a n World
. .
C rown 8 vo . net.
I N T E RN A
‘
TH E T I O NAL T H E O L O GI C A L L I B RA RY
VOLUM E S N OW RE AD Y
The Christian Doctrine Of GOd . B y WILLI AM N CLARKE , D D

. . .
u
T h e b ook i s a t rea s ry of lea rn i n g, a n d i t s f a irn ess i n d ea l i n g wi th
h
t h e m a tte r i n an d i s a d m i ra ble F ro m fi rs t t o l a s t , th e p ur p os e o f t h e
uh h h
.
a t or i s n ot t o s o w u p on h o w sl i g t b as i s our con fi d e n c e i n th e
c a n on i c i ty o f th e N e w T e s ta m e n t i s b a se d , b u t ra t e r up o n h ow s ol i d h
u
a f o n d a t ion our con fi d en ce res ts
” -
J ourn al a nd M essenger . .
C rown 8 v0 . net.
An Introduction to the Literature of the New Testa

ment By J AME S M orr m B D D D
.
,
. .
, . .
h h h
I n p o i n t of sc ol a rs i p , brea d t of trea t men t , a n d ma stery of th e p ro b
u
le m s a t i ss e , i t wi ll b ea r com p a ri s o n wi t D ri ver s co m p a n io n v o l um e
’
h
u
o n t h e li t e ra t re o f t h e O ld T e s ta m e n t , th a n w i c ig er p ra i s e hh h h
u
no
T h e s t d e n t wi ll fi n d i n D r M o fl a tt s v ol um e t h e
’
c a n b e gi v e n
h h
. .
mo s t co m p le t e p res e n ta ti on a s ye t a t te m p t e d b y a n y sc ola r of a ll t a t
h h
m od ern c ri t i c a l s c ola rs i p h a s d on e f or t h e li t era t re of t h e N ew u
T e s ta m e n t — S cots ma n
. .
C rown 8 vo . not
The Doctrine of the Person of Jesus Christ . By H R

f h
. .
M ACK I N TOSH , P h D P ro essor of Sy s t ema t i c T eo logy , N ew Col lege ,

u h
. .
,
E d i nb rg .
Crown 8 v o . n et .
The International
Critica l Commenta ry
On t he Holy Scriptures oi the Old and
New Testaments
T ORS E DI
’
C
P RE FA E
H E RE w b f are no e o re h public m y C mm t i
t e an o en ar es ,
w i by B i i h d
r tte n r t s an Am i di i f p pul
er ca n v n es , o a o ar
h mil i l h
or o e t ca c ara c t e r . Th e Ca mhfl rtge B zh/e f or
' '
S chool s , t h e H a n d hoohs f or B zhl e Cl a ss es a n d P r i va te S tud en ts ,

’
Comm en ta ry , Th e P op u l a r Comment a ry
’
Th e Sp ea ker s
Th e i il'
hv hi
E xp osztor s B i t /e, a n d o t er s m a r s eri es ,
’
a h e t e r
sp i l pl c
ec a d i mp c Bt hyd t t i h
a e an o rt an e . u t e o no e n er nto t e
fi ld f C i ti l B ibli l h l hip upi d by su h i f

e o r ca ca sc o a rs occ e c se r es o
C mm i s h K gef
o en t ar e g t h H dh h
as m t e u rz a ss t es ex e e zse
’
es an ue zu
A T D W
’
m
'
’
. . K gy t eg t h e rt e s u rz e a ss es ex e e zs e es zu
M y K mm t K il
’ ' '
IV T .
; K s h g h e er s d r ztz e -ex e etzse er o en a r ; e an
D li e h B i h/ h
t zsc
’
C mm t s h A T L g '
zs e er o en a r u er aas
’
. .
; an e s
’
Nowack
’
Th eo/ogzseh h omzl etzs eh es B zhel wer h ; H a n dkommen ta r
' ' ' '
-
s
zu m A T . . H ol t z m an n
’
s H a n d hommen ta r z um JV T . . Se v l
era
of h
h v b t l d di t d d i m
t es e a e e en l gd ra n s a t e , e e , an n so e cases e n ar e
an d d pt d fa th a E gli h p ki g publi ;
e , orh i e n s -s ea n c ot ers a re n
p f
rocess o l i B p d i g s i by B i i h
t ra ns a t on . ut no c orres on n er es r t s
or Am i di i h hi h b p duc d T h w y h
er ca n v n es as t e rt o ee n ro e . e a as
b p p d b y p i l C mm i b y Ch y E llic t
ee n re a re S ec a o en t a r es e ne , o t,
K li h Li gh f
a sc P
, w W t d h ; d h
t oo t , ero ne , es t c ot , an ot e rs an t e
tim h e m i h j ud gm t f h p j
as co e, f hi t
n t e en o t e ro ec t ors o t s e n er
p i wh i t i p i bl
r se , en m bi B i i h sd Am ic ra c t ca e to co ne r t s an er an
sch l i h p du i
o ars fn i i l mp h i
t e ro c t on o a cr t ca , co re ens v e
C mmo y h t will b
en t a r b t f m d bibli l h l hip
t a e a re as o o ern ca sc o ars ,
and i m n a l d it e asure ea s van .

TH E I NT E RNAT I ONAL C RI T I CAL COM ME NTARY
Ch l Sc ib
M essrs f N w Y k d M
’
S . ar es r n er s on s o e or , an essrs .
T T Cl k f E d i bu gh p p t publi h su h s i
. . ar o n r , ro ose o s c a er es
of C mm i o h O ld d N w T m
e n ta r esd th on t e an e es t a e n ts , u n er e
edi hip f P f C A B
t ors D D D Li i
o Am i d
ro . . . R I GGS , . .
, . tt n er ca , a n
f P f S R D
.
,
o V D D D Li f h O l d T m
ro . . .
d RI E R, . .
, . tt .
,
or t e es t a e n t , an
th e R ev . A L F RE D P L U M M E R , D D . .
,
f or t h e N e w T e s t a m e n t , in
G re a t B ri t a i n .
C mm t i will b i
T he o i l di
e n a r es f i l e n t ern a t o n a an n t er-c o n ess on a
,
an d will b f f m p l m ic le re e d l i i l bi T h y
ro o e a an e cc es as t ca as . e
will b b d up t h ugh i i l ud y f h igi l x

e as e on a
‘
oro cr t ca st o t e or na t e ts
o f h B ibl
t e d up o i ic l m h d f i p t i
e, an Th y
n cr t a et o s o n t er re a t on . e
a re d ig d es hi fly f ud ne c d l gym
e d will b or st e n ts an c er en , an e
wi ir tt e n m p t yln a co E ch b k will b p ac d d by st e . a oo e re c e e an
I du i s i g h ul f i i i m up i d d i u
n t ro c t on , t at n t e res ts O cr t c s on t , an sc ss
i g im p
n i ll y h qu i
ar t a i ll m i i g p
t e Th d il
es t on s s t re a n n o en . e eta s
o f i i i m will pp i h i p p pl c i h b d y f h
cr t c s a ea r n t e r ro er a e n t e o o t e
C mm y E h c i f h T t will b i du d
o en t a r . ac se t o n o t e ex e n t ro ce
wi h p p h
t a u mm y f
ara t
ras e , or T h i l d il s ar o c on t e n s . ec n ca e ta s
o f t x tu l e d p hil l gic l
a i ti i m will
an ul b k p t
o o a cr c s , as a r e, e e
di i t f m m
st n c f
ro m g l h t ; d i th
a t t er o a o re en er a c ara c er an n e
O ld T m t thes t a xg i l en will b eg d f e e et ca n o t es e arran e , as ar as
p ibl
oss t b s vic bl
e , so as t ud
o t qu i d wi h
e er ea e o st e n ts n o ac a nte t
H b we re Th Hi t y f I
.
p t i
e f h B k will b
s or o n t e r re a t o n o t e oo s e
d l t wi h wh
ea c y i h I t du i wi h i i l
t , en n e essar , n t e n ro c t ons , t cr t ca
i f h m t i mp t t li u f th subj
n ot c es o t e os Hi ic lor an t e ra t re o e ec t . s t or a
an d A h l gi l qu i
rc aeo o w ll qu i
ca f B iblic l es t ons , as e as es t o n s o a
Th l gy eo o i lu d d i h pl f th C m m i b t
, a re nc e n t e an o e o e n t ar es, u
no t P i l H mil i l E x g i Th V lum will

rac t ca or o et ca e es s . e o es c on
s ti t t u if m i
u e a n or ser es .
TH E IN T E RN A T I O N A L C RI T I C A L C O M M E N T A R Y
I S A I AH h X C ap s I -X VI I
G BU T h e Rev CHA N AN GRA Y D D , Pro
f d
. . . . . .
.
,
f essor of H ebrew, M an sfi eld Coll ege , Ox or .

[Now Read y .
I S AIA HCh XXVI I I XXXI X T h R G B U — D D CH AN AN GRA Y

LX L X VI
ap s
Ch
. . . e ev . .
,
. .
Th R A S M A D D — P E AKE , D ean o f t h e T h e0
l F ul i U i
ap s . . e ev . . . . .
, , . .
logi c a f h Vi i d P f
ac ty t ct or a t y an essor o f Bi bl i ca l E xegesi s
h U i h E l d
o e n v ers ro
in t i f M e n v ers ty o an c es t er, ng a n .
J E R E M IAH T h e R ev A F K I RKP ATRI CK , D D D ea n of E ly , m et i m e

f
. . . . . .
, so
R egi u s P ro es sor Of H e b re w, C a m b ri d ge , E n gl a n d .
E ZE K
T h e R ev G A C OO K E , M A , O ri el P ro e ss or o f t h e I nt erp re
IE L f
U f
. . . . . .
ta t i o n o f H oly S cri p t u re , n iv ers i t

y o f O x ord , a n d th e R ev C H’ ARLE S F
Y u h
. .
B U RN E , D L i t t , F e l low a n d L e ct rer i n H eb r ew, S t J o n s C o llege,

f
. . .
O x ord .
D AN I E L T h e Rev JOH N P P E TE RS , P h D D D , s o m e t i m e P ro f essor
h h h h
. . . . . .
o f H e b r ew, P E D i v i n i ty Sc oo l , P i l a d el p i a , n o w R ec t o r of S t M i c
’
a el s
hu h
. . .
C r c , N ew ork C i t y Y .
A M O S AN D H O S EA W R H ARP E R , P h D LL D s om et i m e P r esid e n t
U h
. . . . . . .
, ,
of t h e n i v e rs i t
y of C i ca go , I ll i n o i s .
[N ow Rea dy .
M I C A H Z E P H A N IA H N A H U M H A B A U , O B AD IAH AN D J O E L KK K
f ,
U h Y
. , .
P ro J OH N M P SMI TH , n i v ers i t y o f C i ca go ; W H A E S WAR , D D , D

f
. . . . . .
LL D , E d i t or of The I n d ep end en t N ew ork ; P ro J ULI U S A B E WE R, Y

U h
. . . .
,
n i on T eol ogi ca l Sem i n a ry , N ew ork [Now Read y Y . .
H AGG A I , Z E C H A R IA H . M ALAC H I A N D J O N AH P ro H G M I TCHE LL , f

f f
. . . .
D D ; P ro J OH N M P SMI TH , Ph D , a n d P ro J
. . . . . . . . . A B E WE R , Ph D
. . .
[N ow Ready .
ES THE R T h e Re v L B P AT O N , P h D P ro f e s s or o f H e b re w H art
f h
. . .
. . .
, ,
or d T e ol o i c a l S e m i n a r
g y .
[ N ow Re ad y .
E C C LE S IAS T E S . f
P r o GE O R E A B A R T O N , P h D. G . . .
, P ro f
e s s or o f Bib li
c al Li t e ra t ure , B ryn M a w r Col l e ge , P a .
[ N ow R ea dy .
R UT H S O N G O F S O N G S A N D LA M E N T AT I O N S R eV C H A R LE S A
GG f h
. . . .
B RI S, D D , D L i tt , G r a d u a t e P ro e ssor of T e o lo gi ca l E n cyclop e dia

U h
. . . .
a n d Symb o li cs , n ion T e o l o i ca l S e m i n a r , N e w
g y o rk Y .
TH E N E W T E ST A M E NT
ST M AT T H E W T he Rev W I LL O U H C ALL E N , M A G BY F e ll o w a n d
h f ,
. . . . . .
L ect ure r i n T e ol o gy a n d H e b re w , E x et e r C ol l e ge , O x ord .

[ N o w R ea dy .
ST M AR K Rev E P GO U L D D s o m e t i me P r o D f e s s or o f N ew T e st a

TheDoctrineofthePersonofJesusChrist 10046507

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

You might also like

TheDoctrineofthePersonofJesusChrist 10046507

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Description:

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

TheDoctrineofthePersonofJesusChrist 10046507

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

The International

ARRAN E M E N G T OF VOL UM E S AN D AU THORS

D Li t t , P ro essor of T eo logica l E n cy clop ae d i a a n d S mb li y o cs ,

T eo logi cal Sem i nary , N ew ork Y .

a n d C a n on o f C ri s t C ur c , Ox ord [Revi s ed a nd E nlarged Ed i ti on . .

S K I NNE R , D D , P ri n cip al a n d P ro essor o f Old T est a men t L an g age a n d Li t

era t u re , C ollege of t h e P re sb y t eri an C rc of E n gla n d , C a m b rid ge , E n gl an d ,

C es t n t Co ll ege, C amb rid ge , E ngl a nd .

B ro u g t y F e r ry, Sco tl a n d [N ow Read y . .

THE LI FE O F C H RIS T By W I LL I A M SA N D A Y D D LL D L ady

M a rga r e t P ro e s s or o f D i v i n i ty and Ca n o n of C ri s t C u rc , O x ord .

T HE LAT I N CH U R C H F RO M G R E GO RY THE G R E AT TO THE

S Y M B O LI C S B y C H ARL E S A B RI GGs , D D , D L it t , P rof es sor of

T eo lo gi ca l E n cy clop ze d i a a n d Sy m b ol ics, n i o n T eo lo gica l Sem i n a r ,

of n i t ed Free C rc , C as t l e D o glas , Scot la n d .

P ro essor o f Sys t em a t i c T e ology, H a m il ton T e ol ogica l Se m in a ry .

T H E C H RIS T IAN P AS T O R AN D T H E WO R K ING C H U RC H By

Gr a d u a te P r of es s or of T/zeol og zca l E n cy clop e d i a a n d Sy mb ol i cs , Un i on T/zeol og i ca l

PE RSON OF J ESUS CHRI ST

which wi t h f i m su f c mpl t ss sh uld c v

but ls t fu ish wh t m ight b c sid d c mp t t

guid t th b st c t discussi i this c u t y d

or sugg st d f ui t ful li s f w i q u i y th i obj ct will

cludi g ch pt s S m I f will judg th t ll p

on which pi i s wid ly div g t d

s t uctiv sy th sis f t h d t which f ith pp h ds w uld

a bly ch mpi d t d ci s f tim I

ﬁx i lucid c c ptu l f ms t h whol ich t uth f

which f ith is su a Th v l tio nd s lf s c ific f

ch cta ra H c th will lw ys b m t physic i

th l gy but it is t h i m plicit m t physic f f ith movi g

the E dit of th E p i t f p missi t

Ma i n typ es of a p ost oli c th gh M ou t, 1 . ot i v es l ea di ng t o C hit

Th e Syn op t ics a s Gos p el s , n ot b i ogra ph i es, 5 Th e um an p ort ra i t

of J e s u s , 9 Messi a h s i p of J esus , 1 4 Son of m a n , 19 Son of

God , 25 Th e p erson a l a ut ori ty of J es us , 3 1

Not e on t h e Si nl essn ess of J esus, 3 5— 3 9 .

t i on of C ri st t o God 7 1 Ad v a n ce of P a uli n i srn on p ri mi t i ve

TH E J OH ANN I NE CH RI STOL O GY 9 4 — 121

112 . Teac i ng O f t h e Prol ogue, 115 F i rst E p i s tl e of J o n , 120 . .

Ori gen , 16 4 Corres pon d en ce of t h e Di on y s i i , 1 7 0

18 3 Ma rcel lus of An cyra , 1 8 9 Movemen t s of S emi -Ari an i sm, 19 1

a nd Creed of Ch al ced on , 212 Monoph y si t e Con t roversy , 215 . .

Mon ot h el i t e Con t rov ersy , 219 J oh n of Da ma scus , 222 . .

T om a s Aq u i n a s, 228 D un s Scot us, 229 . .

m a ch er 25 0 H egel a n d h i s Sc ool , 25 6 Ken ot i c Th eor ies , 26 4

Dorn er, 27 2 C ri st ol ogy i n B ri ta i n an d Ameri ca , 27 5 Ri ts chl an d

t h e Ri t sc l i an s, 27 8 Mod ern Rad i cal Sc ool , 28 1

as h ero or ge n i us , 28 7 Li t era l ﬁ d el i t y t o C a l ced on i m p ossi bl e, 29 2

Th e d oc t ri n e of Two Na t ures, 294 Th e recon st ruct i on of C ri s t ol ogy ,

29 9 . Met a p y si cs i n C ri st ol ogy , 302 .

H err man n s v i ew of t h e h i s t ori c C ri s t , 3 15

Ch ri s t k n own t h roug H i s s a vi n g i n ue n ce, 3 21 H i s e t h i ca l

345 Such a i t cen tra l i n New Test a m en t , 3 4 9 Fa i t h t o b e i n t er

roga t ed a t i t s h i g est s t age, 3 5 3 J es us a s m erel y S ub ec t of a i th ,

God h ea d t h e ul t i ma t e groun d of H is Si n l essn es s , 4 12 Of H i s un s h ared

word I 4 19 T h e i n carn a t ion a s core of t h e Gos p el , 4 24