Citation Format: A Comprehensive Guide

Citing sources properly is essential in academic and professional writing. Whether you're working on
a research paper, a thesis, or any other scholarly document, accurate citation ensures that you give
credit to the original authors and maintain academic integrity. Moreover, proper citation enhances the
credibility of your work and allows readers to locate the sources you've referenced.

In this comprehensive guide, we'll explore the importance of citation, different citation formats, and
tips for citing various types of sources. Understanding and mastering citation formats can
significantly improve the quality of your writing and avoid plagiarism issues.

Importance of Citation
Citing sources serves several crucial purposes:

1. Acknowledgment of Intellectual Property: Proper citation acknowledges the intellectual

property of the original authors and creators.
2. Avoiding Plagiarism: By citing sources accurately, you demonstrate academic honesty and
avoid plagiarism, which is the unauthorized use of someone else's work.
3. Providing Evidence and Authority: Citations provide evidence and support for your
arguments, demonstrating that your work is based on credible sources.
4. Facilitating Further Research: Citations allow readers to trace your sources and delve
deeper into the topics you discuss, promoting scholarly dialogue and further research.

Common Citation Formats

Several citation styles are commonly used in academic writing, each with its own set of rules and
guidelines. Some of the most widely used citation styles include:

APA (American Psychological Association): Often used in social sciences, psychology, and
education.
MLA (Modern Language Association): Commonly used in humanities, literature, and
language studies.
Chicago Manual of Style: Used in history, arts, and humanities, with variations for footnotes
and author-date systems.
IEEE (Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers): Primarily used in engineering,
computer science, and other technical fields.
Harvard Style: A generic author-date citation style used across various disciplines.

Tips for Effective Citation

To ensure accurate and effective citation:

1. Understand the Style Guide: Familiarize yourself with the specific rules and guidelines of
the citation style required for your project.
2. Keep Track of Sources: Maintain a record of all sources you consult during your research,
including relevant publication details.
3. Use Citation Tools: Utilize citation management software or online tools to generate
citations automatically and manage your references efficiently.
4. Be Consistent: Maintain consistency in formatting and citation style throughout your
document to enhance readability and professionalism.
5.
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You can even use the introduction of a scholarly journal article as a source. There are three main
approaches: Parenthetical citations: You include identifying details of the source in parentheses in the
text—usually the author’s last name and the publication date, plus a page number if relevant (
author-date ). Sign up for a Mendeley, EndNote, or Zotero training class. Professors usually tell
students which citation style they should use in their papers. At McGill, we support EndNote, but if
you want to know more about the other ones available before you chose. Also contributing to
teaching excellence is expertise in the subject area (Jameson, “Classroom” 67). Cite this Scribbr
article If you want to cite this source, you can copy and paste the citation or click the “Cite this
Scribbr article” button to automatically add the citation to our free Citation Generator. MLA Style
establishes standards of written communication concerning: formatting and page layout stylistic
technicalities (e.g. abbreviations, footnotes, quotations) citing sources and preparing a manuscript for
publication in certain disciplines. The format was developed to ensure consistency and to provide
style rules for scientific writing. Types of Citation Styles Chicago Style The Council of Science
Editors (CSE) Vancouver Style APA is an acronym for the American Psychological Association.
However, it does get a bit tricky depending on what you’re citing. When formatting multiple
citations in a footnote, there are several layouts available, as illustrated below. What is a DOI? Digital
Object Identifiers (DOIs) are unique identifiers that may be assigned to published articles and other
works. It is established as one of the most important writing formats in the world, especially in the
field of academia, and is known for its relatively simple citation methods. And if there is no
organization, use the first word or few words of the title, followed by ellipsis. Feel free to download
this intuitive template that is available in several kinds of formats, or try any other of our basic or
advanced templates, forms or documents. If your paper deals with many complicated subjects.
Author-Year parenthetical citations within a paper to indicate paraphased, summarized or quoted
material. Using MLA makes Bibliography referencing much simpler. Got a question about formatting
a citation or using RefWorks or Mendeley? Ask here. CSE is a citation style that is preferred in the
field of biology. See your notes, collaborators notes and references within Google Docs. Volume
Number, no. Issue Number, Date of Publication, pp. Volume Number, no. Issue Number, Date of
Publication, pp. No matter the style, citations always have two parts. A software program that
generates or organizes bibliographic data according to preferred citation style is called a citation
reference manager. Pre-made citations in OneSearch Pre-made citations in Google Scholar Citation
generators Intl. For direct quotations of less than 40 words, there are three options for how to make
a citation that adheres to the style guide and these are as follows. If you’re enrolled in classes that
each require a different citation style, it can get confusing really fast. You need to make sure that
you’re using good quality research to back up your statements and assertions.
Our writers have helpful templates for any format and can assist you with any format examples,
suited to your MLA assignment. Volume Number, no. Issue Number, Date of Publication, pp.
Typically, a citation can include the author's name, date, location of the publishing company, journal
title, or DOI (Digital Object Identifier). Facebook, Day Month Year of Post, Time of Post, URL. OR:
Simon indicates that many studies have shown the number of teenage pregnancies has quadrupled in
the last decade (133). Campus Life Student Affairs Campus Calendar Student Access Office Safety
Resources University Housing Campus Recreation Dining Health and Wellness Student Life Make
the most of your V-State Experience by swimming with manatees, joining Greek life, catching a
movie on the lawn, and more. The citation style of the Council of Science Editors (CSE) is used in
various scientific disciplines. While you should always try to find the original source mentioned, you
are able to cite the original source indirectly. With professors putting their lecture notes online, this
can be a great way to get an excellent primary source. How you present these citations depends on
the style you follow. Overview A citation style dictates the information necessary for a citation and
how the information is ordered, as well as punctuation and other Citation Styles Guide A citation
style is a set of guidelines on how to cite sources in your academic writing. You’ll be more
descriptive, but this gives you the general idea. Note citations: Including a full citation in a footnote
or endnote, which is indicated in the text with a superscript number or symbol. It is also available for
free under the Apache License 2. Information Security: Concerted Effort Needed to Consolidate and
Secure Internet Connections at Federal Agencies. The only difference between the formatting of
your title and the formatting of the rest of your paper is the alignment. This territory was the subject
of the Dish With One Spoon Wampum Belt Covenant, an agreement between the Haudenosaunee
Confederacy and the Confederacy of the Ojibwe and allied nations to peaceably share and care for
the resources around the Great Lakes. For the website used in the example above, the in-text citation
would be written as follows: McNary. Got a question about formatting a citation or using RefWorks
or Mendeley? Ask here. When you start to write your paper, you will put your information in the top
left hand corner, but if your teacher has requested a cover page the information will go somewhere
else entirely. In addition to creating your standard citation, you create either a summary annotation or
evaluative annotation for each source. Different styles are set by different universities, academic
associations, and publishers, often published in an official handbook with in-depth instructions and
examples. Carrefour gestion bibliographique - French If you need help with EndNote, Zotero or
Mendeley and you are more comfortable in French, this is the place to go. This will include
guidelines such as presenting evidence, statistics, charts, etc. There are many different citation styles
used across different academic disciplines, but they fall into three basic approaches to citation:
Parenthetical citations: Including identifying details of the source in parentheses —usually the
author’s last name and the publication date, plus a page number if available ( author-date ). Different
academic disciplines have specific guidelines for organizing material and citing sources. A citation
style (or format) specifies what information should appear in your citation, how that information is
ordered and how it is formatted (punctuation, italics, etc.). APA, MLA, Chicago, Vancouver and
CSE are examples of citations styles. Website Name, URL. Accessed Day Month Year site was
visited if there is no publication date. File type. A second line of source should have an indent that
can be made with TAB key. MLA also offers instructions for how to format your in-text citations and
works cited page.
However, the MLA writing style is the preferred style used by high schools because of the flexibility
in formatting online sources. They find hands-on opportunities to succeed in research, leadership, and
excellence as early as freshman year. The author-date system is more common in the sciences and
social sciences. A recommended font used should be Times New Roman or Arial. You can read the
abstract, cite or save it for later. The MLA Handbook, 7th edition, is being superseded by the 8th
edition, which was published in April 2016. APA Style American Psychological Association website
for the APA Style. However, the major universities in the United States choose this format for
cultural studies and journalism because it is considered as the easiest format. Edition if given and is
not first edition, Publisher Name often shortened, Year of publication. Facebook, Day Month Year of
Post, Time of Post, URL. There are a number of other situations where in-text citation for quotes
might apply. Since there are differences between the two editions, you want to make sure that you
use the most up-to-date information. Follow each punctuation or style rule to a letter. You should
also create a running header containing your last name and the page number on each page. Sign up
for a Mendeley, EndNote, or Zotero training class. Background Information and History: The
Modern Language Association was developed in 1883 and was created to strengthen the study and
teaching of languages and literature. Corn 11), conservators believe that chemical treatment is
efficient at any stage (V. Corn 45). CSE style includes multiple options for citing your sources,
including the citation-name and citation-sequence systems. Your references are listed alphabetically
in the citation-name system; in the citation-sequence system, they appear in the order in which you
cited them. The Media and Body Image: If Looks Could Kill. Sage, 2005. Titles and Containers
Titles follow the name of the author and are written in title capitalization form. Romeo and Juliet.
Edited by Howard H. Furness, 6th ed., vol. 9, Classic Books Company, 2001, Google Books. Use
the MLA citation generator to create a detailed works cited page with properly formatted MLA
citations. Your support enables scholarships, athletic excellence, facility upgrades, faculty
improvements, and more. Here, short citations in parentheses, such as Smith 2010, p. Name of
Magazine, Volume Number (Issue Number), first page number-last page number if given. In addition
to using parenthetical references after a direct quotation, you must give credit to your source each
time your sentence expresses an idea that is not your own. Fill in the required information about your
source. Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association Print manual for the APA
style, available in the Sciences and Rockefeller libraries. In each tab, you will find descriptions of
each citation style featured in this guide along with links to online resources for citing and a few
examples. Check out Scribbr’s Harvard Reference Generator MLA style is the official style of the
Modern Language Association, defined in the MLA Handbook (9th edition).