TABLE

OF SOLUTIONS

Go to the Solution of any Question by

Clicking on the Question's Page No. 01
Page

OBJECTIVE QUESTIONS
Page
Q5 , Q8 , Q10 , Q14 , Q18 , Q22 , Q23 , Q24 01
Page
Q27 , Q33 , Q38 , Q41 , Q44 , Q50 02

COMPETENCY QUESTIONS
Page
Q52 , Q54 02
Page
Q57 , Q60 , Q62 , Q64 03

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (SA-I)

Page
Q67 , Q69 , Q71 , Q72 04
Page
Q75 , Q82 , Q83 , Q85 05

SHORT ANSWER QUESTIONS (SA-II)

Page Page
Q87 05 Q102 , Q104 , Q106 , Q107 08
Page Page
Q89 , Q92 , Q94 06 Q110 09
Page
Q96 , Q98 , Q99 , Q100 07

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (LA)

Page Page
Q112 , Q113 , Q115 09 Q123 , Q124 , Q126 12
Page Page
Q117 10 Q128 , Q129 , Q130 13
Page Page
Q118 , Q121 11 Q131 14
  ANSWER SHEET

SELF PRACTICE
5. (b) (2n – 1)a = 3{–10 + 10}
Explanation: Here, first term = a and common = 3(0) = 0
difference, d = 2a ⇒ S6 = 0
So, an = a + (n – 1) d = a + (n – 1)2a
18. (d) 2
= 2an – a = a (2n – 1) Explanation: The terms (2p + 1), 10 and
8. (b) 137 (5p + 5) are consecutive terms of A.P., when
Explanation: It is given that 2 × 10 = (2p + 1) + (5p + 5)
⇒ 20 = 7p + 6
a1 = –3 and a2 = 4
⇒ 7p = 14

We know that ⇒ p =2
an = a + (n – 1)d
22. (d) 8
⇒ a1 = a + (1 – 1)d = a
Explanation:
⇒ a2 = a + (2 – 1)d = a + d
Here, d = –2, n = 5 and an = 0
⇒ a1 = –3
We know, an = a + (n – 1)d
and a2 = a + d = 4

⇒ 0 = a + (5 – 1)(–2)
⇒ –3 + d = 4

⇒ 0 = a + (– 8)
⇒ d=4+3=7

⇒ a =8
∴ a21 = a + (21 – 1)d = –3 + (20)7

= –3 + 140 = 137 23. (c) –2
a21= 137
⇒ Explanation:

Here, given A.P. is
10. (c) 25
1 1 − 6q 1 − 12q
Explanation: It is given that common difference, , , ......
d = 5. 3q 3q 3q

We know, an = a + (n – 1)d 1
Here, a1 =
∴ a18 = a + (18 – 1)d = a + 17d 3q
and, a13 = a + (13 – 1)d = a + 12d 1 − 6q
a2 =
Now, a18 – a13 = (a + 17d) – (a + 12d) 3q
= a + 17d – a – 12d 1 − 12q
and a3 =

= 5d = 5 × 5 = 25 [As d = 5] 3q
⇒ a18 – a13 = 25 Then, common difference,
14. (a) 0 d = a2 – a1
Explanation: It is given that the first term, 1 − 6q 1
a = –5 and common difference, d = 2. = −
3q 3q
We know that the sum of n terms of an A.P. is
1 − 6q − 1 −6q
n = = = −2
Sn = {2a + (n − 1) d } 3q 3q
2
24. (c) 15
⇒ S6 = 6 {2 ( −5) + (6 − 1) (2)} Explanation:

2
Here, common difference, d = 3
⇒ S6 = 3{–10 + 5(2)} Now, a20 – a15 = (a + 19d) – (a + 14d)

Arithmetic Progressions 1
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 = 19d – 14d ⇒ 5n = 135
= 5d = 5 × 3 = 15 ⇒ n = 27
Hence, the value of n is 27.
27. 24
Explanation: Let a be the first term and d be 50. Let a and d be respectively be the first term and
the common difference of the A.P. common difference of the A.P., respectively.
We Know, n term = an = a + (n – 1) d
th It is given that S q = 2q + 3q2
∴ S1 = 2 × 1 + 3 × 12 = 5
So, a15 = a + (15 – 1) d = a + 14d
⇒ a1 = S1 = 5
and, a11 = a + (11 – 1) d = a + 10d Also, S2 = 2 × 2 + 3 × 22 = 4 + 12
Now, a15 – a11 = (a + 14d) – (a + 10d) = 4d  = 16
As d=6 ⇒ a1 + a2 = 16
∴ a15 – a11 = 4 × 6 = 24 ⇒ a1 + (a1 + d) = 16
⇒ 2a1 + d = 16
33. 5 ⇒ 2 × 5 + d = 16
Explanation: We know, ⇒ d = 16 – 10 = 6
an = Sn – Sn – 1
∴ a2 = S2 – S1 = (22 + 2 × 2) 52. (B) (d) 60 m
 – (12 + 2 × 1) Explanation: The distance covered by
= (4 + 4) – (1 + 2) placing the 10th flag and coming back to
the middle most flag = a10 = a + 9d = 6 + 9
= 5
× 6 = 60 m
38. Given, for an A.P., a = 15, d = – 3 and an = 0
(D) (b) n = 6, d = 10
We Know, an = a + (n – 1)d Explanation: Here a = - 5, an = 45, Sn = 120.
⇒ 0 = 15 + (n – 1) × (– 3) Using the formula for finding the sum of
⇒ (n – 1) =5 first n terms of an A.P., we have
⇒ n =6
n
Hence, the value of n is 6. Sn = [a + an ]
2
41. Two-digit numbers divisible by 3 are 12, 15, 18 n
..., 99. ⇒ 120 = [ −5 + 45]
2

The above series forms an A.P. with
n
first term, a = 12. ⇒ 120 = [40] = 20n
2
common difference, d = 15 – 12 = 18 – 15 = 3 ⇒ n= 6
Now,
and last term, an = 99.
an = a + (n – 1)d

Now, nth term, an = a + (n – 1)d,
⇒ 45 = – 5 + (6 – 1)d

where, ‘n’ is the number of the terms
⇒ 50 = 5d
⇒ 99 = 12 + (n – 1) 3
⇒ d = 10
⇒ 99 = 12 + 3n – 3
Therefore, n = 6, d = 10
⇒ 3n = 90
⇒ n = 30 54. (C) (d) 5280

Hence, the number of two digit numbers which Explanation: To find the total production
are divisible by 3, is 30. of excavators in the first 8 years, we shall
use the formula for finding the sum of first
44. Given, A.P. is –1, 4, 9, 14, ......
n
Here, first term, a = –1 n terms of an A.P., Sn = 2a + ( n − 1)d  .
2
Common difference, d = 4 – (–1) = 5 Here, a = 380, n = 8 and d = 80.
Now, nth term, an = 129
8
∴ a + (n – 1)d = 129 S8 = [2 × 380 + ( 8 − 1)80]
2
⇒ – 1 + (n – 1)5 = 129
= 4[760 + 560] = 4 × 1320
⇒ – 1 + 5n – 5 = 129
= 5280
⇒ 5n – 6 = 129

2 Mathematics Class X
 Therefore, the total production of ⇒ 52 = (n – 1)2
excavators in the first 8 years = 5280 ⇒ n –1 = 26
(E) (d) 1170 Therefore, n = 27
Explanation: The given A.P. can also be
(E) Putting the values of n = 1, 2, 3,… in the
written as, 126 + 124 + ..... + 12 + 10 + 8 expression for Sn, we get:
For this A.P., we need to find the sum of S1 = 3 + 5 = 8
first ten terms. S2 = 12 + 10 = 22
Here, a = 126, d = 124 – 126 = –2, n = 10 S3 = 27 + 15 = 42
Now, S1 = a = 8
n
We know, Sn = [2a + ( n − 1)d ] a2 = S2 – S1 = 22 – 8 = 14
2
a3 = S3 – S2 = 42 – 22 = 20
10 So, d = a2 – a
∴ S10 = [2 × 126 + (10 − 1)( −2)]
2 = 14 – 8
= 6
= 5[252 – 18]
To find k for which ak = 164, we will use
= 5 × 234 the formula for general term of an A.P., an
= 1170 i.e. ak = a + (k – 1)d
57. (A) (b) 52 minutes ⇒ 164 = 8 + (n – 1) 6
Explanation: The jogging time is 10 ⇒ 156 = (n – 1)6
minutes for the first week, 16 minutes for ⇒ k – 1 = 26
the second week, 22 minutes for the third Therefore, k = 27
week and so on.
As the jogging time increases uniformly 62. (C) (d) ` 48
by 6 minutes per week, these are in A.P. Explanation: To find the money saved in
with a = 10 and d = 6. the 13th month, we will put n = 13, a = 12
To find his jogging time after 8 weeks, and d = 3 in the formula an = a + (n – 1)d.
we will use the formula for finding the Therefore, a13 = 12 + (13 – 1)3
general term of an A.P., an = a + (n – 1)d = 12 + 36 = 48
for n = 8. Kaashvi saved ` 48 in the 13th month.
Therefore, a8 = 10 + 7 × 6 = 52 (E) (b) 10 : 3
Therefore, jogging time after 8 weeks = 52 Explanation: It is given that
minutes

(C) (d) 2n2 + 7 a7 12
=
Explanation: In an A.P., the difference a3 5
between two consecutive terms should be a + 6d 12
constant. ⇒ =
a + 2d 5
Let us find out the terms of the given
expressions by putting n = 1, 2, 3, … to ⇒ ⇒ 5( a + 6d ) = 12( a + 2d )
check if they form an A.P. or not.
Solving further, we get
(a) By putting n = 1, 2, 3,… in 5 + n, we get
the terms as 6, 7, 8, … which form an 6
–7a = –6d or a = d.
A.P. 7
(b) Here, we get the terms as 5, 7, 9, … a13 a + 12d
which form an A.P. Now, =
a4 a + 3d
(c) Here, we get the terms as 1, 6, 11, …
which form an A.P. 6
(d) Here, we get the terms as 9, 15, 25, … d + 12d
6d + 84d 90d 10
which do not form an A.P. as difference = 7 = = =
6 6d + 21d 27d 3
between any two consecutive terms is d + 3d
7
not same.
Therefore, the ratio of the 13th to 4th terms
60. (B) Here, we are asked to find the value of n is 10 : 3.
for which an = 58. 64. (B) (c) 11
Using the formula an = a + (n – 1)d, we get Explanation: Let his goal time be
58 = 6 + (n – 1)2 represented by anth term.

Arithmetic Progressions 3
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 So, an = 31 We know that an = a + (n – 1)d
⇒ an = 31
∴ 10th term of first A.P. = 2 + 9d
⇒ a + (n – 1)d = 31
⇒ 51 + (n – 1) (–2) = 31 [Using part (A)] and 10th term of second A.P. = 7 + 9d
⇒ 51 – 2n + 2 = 31 Difference of their 10th terms
⇒ 2n = 53 – 31 = 22
= (7 + 9d) – (2 + 9d)
⇒ n = 11
Hence, it took him minimum 11 days to achieve = 7 + 9d – 2 – 9d
his =5
(C) (b) 30 Similarly, 21 term of first A.P. = 2 + 20d
st

Explanation: To find the incorrect term, we

and 21st term of second A.P. = 7 + 20d
have to put the values of all the four option
in the formula an = a + (n – 1)d to find the
Difference of their 21st terms
value of n.
= (7 + 20d) – (2 + 20d)
(a) an = 4
= 7 + 20d – 2 – 20d = 5
⇒ a + (n – 1)d = 41
Thus, we can say that if an and bn are nth terms
⇒ 51 + (n – 1)(–2) = 41 of first and second A.P. respectively, then
⇒ 51 – 2n + 2 = 41
bn – an = [7 + (n – 1)d] – [2 + (n – 1)d]
⇒ 53 – 2n + 2 = 41
⇒ 2n = 53 – 41 = 12 = 7 + (n – 1)d – 2 – (n – 1)d = 5
⇒ n=6 ⇒ bn – an = 5
Since, n is an integer value, so 41 is a term of the Hence, the difference between any two corres-
A.P. formed in part (A). ponding terms of such AP’s is the same as the
(b) an = 30 difference between two corresponding first
⇒ 53 – 2n = 30 terms.
⇒ 2n = 23
71. Given:
⇒ n = 10.5
Sn = 3n2 – 4n
Here, the value of n is not an integer value.
So, 30 cannot be a term of the A.P. formed in \ Sn – 1 = 3 (n – 1)2 – 4(n – 1)
part (A).
= 3n2 – 10n + 7
We know, an = Sn – Sn – 1
67. Multiples of 4 between 10 and 205 are 12, 16,

= (3n2 – 4n) – (3n2 – 10n + 7)
20, 24, 28, ......, 204.

= 3n2 – 4n – 3n2 + 10n – 7
Let, the number of multiples be ‘n’.
The above series is an A.P. with an = 6n – 7

first term, a = 10 Hence, the n term is 6n – 7.

th

common difference, d = 4 72. Let the first term of the A.P. be ‘a’ and its
and, last term, an = 204. common difference be ‘d’.
Since, nth term of an A.P. is an = a + (n – 1)d Given, 7a7 = 11a11
⇒ 204 = 12 + (n – 1) × 4 Then, 7(a + 6d) = 11(a + 10d)
⇒ 204 = 12 + 4n – 4 [Q an + a + (n – 1)d]
⇒ 4n = 204 – 8
⇒ 7a + 42d = 11a + 110d
196
⇒ 7a – 11a = 110d – 42d
⇒ n= = 49
4

⇒ – 4a = 68d
Hence, the number of multiples of 4 between

⇒ a = – 17d ...(i)
10 and 205 is 49.
Now, 18 term of A.P.
th

69. Let d be the common difference of two A.P.s

a18 = a + (18 – 1)d
First term of first A.P. is 2.
= a + 17d
So, first A.P. will be 2, 2 + d, 2 + 2d ...
= –17d + 17d [Using (i)]
Also, first term of second A.P. is 7
⇒ a18 = 0
So, second A.P. will be 7, 7 + d, 7 + 2d ... Hence, the 18th term of the A.P. is 0.

4 Mathematics Class X
 75. Given, third term of A.P., a3 = 5 5 – 1 = 4, 9 – 5 = 4, 13 – 9 = 4 and so on i.e. the
Seventh term of A.P., a7 = 9 difference between any two consecutive terms
is same.
Let the first term of A.P. be ‘a’ and its common
difference be ‘d’. So, this series is an A.P. with a = 1, d = 4,
Now, a3 = a + (3 – 1)d an = x and Sn = 1326.
or 5 = a + 2d ...(i) We know,
and a7 = a + (7 – 1)d an = a + (n – 1)d
or 9 = a + 6d ...(ii) ⇒ x = 1 + (n – 1) (4)
On solving equations (i) and (ii), we get: ⇒ x = 4n – 3
4d = 4
x +3
⇒ d =1 or n=
4
Put the value of ‘d’ in equation (i), we get:
5 =a+2×1 n
Further, Sn = [a + an]
⇒ a =3 2
Hence, the A.P. is 3, 4, 5, 6.
x +3
82. Multiples of 8 are : ⇒ 1326 = [1 + x ]
8
8, 16, 24 ... ,

Since, in the above series, the difference ⇒ (1 + x) (x + 3) – 10608 = 0
between any two consecutive numbers is
⇒ x2 + 4x – 10605 = 0
constant, so it forms an A.P. with a = 8, d = 8
and n = 15. ⇒ x2 + 105x – 101x – 10605 = 0

We need to find the sum of first 15 multiples.
n
x(x + 105) – 101(x + 105) = 0
We know, Sn = (2a + (n – 1)d)
2 ⇒ (x + 105) (x – 101) = 0
15
\ S15 = [2 × 8 + (15 – 1) × 8] ⇒ x – 101 = 0
2
15 ( x + 105 ≠ 0, as this A.P. is an
= (16 + 14 × 8)
2 increasing series, so x cannot be
15 negative)
= [16 + 112]
2
⇒ x = 101
15
= × 128 = 960
2 Thus, the value of x is 101.

Hence, the sum of first 15 multiples of 8 is 960. 87. (A) Yes, (2n – 3) is the nth term of an A.P.
83. Let a1 and a2 be the first terms of the two A.P.s It is given that
and their common difference be d. an = 2n – 3

According to question, Put n = 1, a1 = 2(1) – 3 = 2 – 3 = –1
[a1 + (100 – 1)d] – [a2 + (100 – 1)d] = 100
Put n = 2, a2 = 2(2) – 3 = 4 – 3 = 1
[an = a + (n – 1)d]
Put n = 3, a3 = 2(3) – 3 = 6 – 3 = 3
⇒ [a1 + 99d] – [a2 + 99d] = 100
Put n = 4, a4 = 2(4) – 3 = 8 – 3 = 5
⇒ a1 – a2 =100 ...(i) List of numbers becomes –1, 1, 3, 5...
Now, difference between their 1000th terms is: Here, a2 – a1 = 1 – (–1) = 2

[a1 + (1000 – 1)d] – [a2 + (1000 – 1)d] a3 – a2 = 3 – 1 = 2
= a1 + 999d – a2 – 999d a4 – a3 = 5 – 3 = 2
= a1 – a2 Clearly, a2 – a1 = a3 – a2 = a4 – a3
= 100 [Using (i)] Hence, 2n – 3 is the nth term of an A.P.

Therefore, difference between their 1000th (B) No, (3n2 + 5) is not the nth term of an A.P.
terms would be equal to 100. It is given that an = 3n2 + 5
85. In the given series, we have Put n = 1, a1 = 3(1)2 + 5 = 3 + 5 = 8

Arithmetic Progressions 5
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 Put n = 2, a2 = 3(2)2 + 5 = 12 + 5 = 17 ⇒ a(a – d) = 4623
Put n = 3, a3 = 3(3)2 + 5 = 27 + 5 = 32 ⇒ 69(69 – d) = 4623
List of numbers becomes 8, 17, 32 ... 4623
⇒ 69 – d =
Here, a2 – a1 = 17 – 8 = 9, 69
and, a3 – a2 = 32 – 17 = 15 ⇒ 69 – d = 67
Clearly, a2 – a1 ≠ a3 – a2
⇒ d = 69 – 67 = 2
Hence, (3n2 + 5) is not the nth term of an A.P.
So, first part = a – d = 69 – 2 = 67,
(C) No, (1 + n + n2) is not the nth term of an A.P.
second part = a = 69
It is given that an = 1 + n + n2
Put n = 1, a1 = 1 + (1) + (1)2 and third part = a + d = 69 + 2 = 71
= 1 + 1 + 1 = 3
Hence, the three parts are 67, 69 and 71.
Put n = 2, a2 = 1 + (2) + (2) 2
−4 −2 1
= 1 + 2 + 4 = 7 94. The given A.P. is −1 , .......4
3 3 3
Put n = 3, a3 = 1 + (3) + (3)2
−4
= 1 + 3 + 9 = 13
Here, first term, a =
3
List of numbers becomes 3, 7, 13 ...
 −4  4 1
Here, a2 – a1 = 7 – 3 = 4
Common difference, d = −1 −   = −1 + =
 3 3 3
and, a3 – a2 = 13 – 7 = 6
1 13
Clearly, a2 – a1 ≠ a3 – a2
Last term, l = 4 =
3 3
Hence, (1 + n + n2) is not the nth term of an

We know that an = a + (n – 1)d
A.P.

If an is the last term, then
89. Let the first term of an A.P. be a and commom
difference be d. l = a + (n – 1)d

It is given that a5 = 19 and a13 – a8 = 20. 13 4  1

⇒ = − + ( n − 1)  
3 3  3

We know that an = a + (n – 1) d

∴ a5 = a + (5 – 1) d ⇒ 13 = – 4 + (n – 1)

= a + 4d = 19  ...(i) ⇒ (n – 1) = 17

Also, a13 – a8 = 20 ⇒ n = 18
th
⇒ (a + 12d) – (a + 7d) = 20 n
So, the two middle most terms are   and
⇒ a + 12d – a – 7d = 20  2
th
 n  as total numbers of terms are even.
⇒ 5d = 20 ⇒ d = 4  + 1
2 th

Putting d = 4 in equation (i), we get  18 

The two middle most terms are   and
a + 4d = 19  2
th
 18 
⇒ a + 4(4) = 19  + 1 i.e., 9th and 10th terms.
2 
⇒ a + 16 = 19
⇒ a = 3 Now, a9 = a + (9 – 1)d = a + 8d

So, the required A.P. will be: 4  1  ( −4 + 8) 4
= − + 8   =
=
a, a + d, a + 2d, a + 3d ... 3 3 3 3

i.e., 3, 3 + 4, 3 + 2(4), 3 + 3(4) ...
and, a10 = a + (10 – 1)d = a + 9d

i.e., 3, 7, 11, 15 ...
4  1  ( −4 + 9) 5
92. Let (a – d), a and (a + d) be the three parts of = − + 9   =
=
3 3 3 3
207 such that these are in A.P.

It is given that sum of these numbers is 207. So, the sum of the two middle most terms
= a9 + a10
⇒ (a – d) + a + (a + d) = 207
⇒ 3a = 207 ⇒ a = 69 4 5 9

= + = =3
3 3 3
It is also given that product of two smaller
parts is 4623.

6 Mathematics Class X
96. Let a be the first term, d be the common Hence, the required sum of the first 10 terms is
difference, l be the last term and n be the 100.
number of terms of the given A.P.
99. It is given that

So, a = –5, l = 45 and Sn = 120  [Given]
first term of first A.P., a = 8
We know that, if the last term of an A.P. is
known, then the sum of n terms of an A.P. is
and common difference of first A.P., d = 20
n Let n be the number of terms in the first A.P.
Sn = (a + l)
2 We know that sum of first n terms of an A.P.,
n
⇒ 120 = ( −5 + 45) n
2 Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d]
2
⇒ 120 × 2 = 40 × n
n
⇒ n=6 = [2 × 8 + (n – 1)20]
2
Also, l = a + (n – 1)d n
= [16 + 20n – 20]
⇒ 45 = –5 + (6 – 1)d 2

⇒ 50 = 5d ⇒ d = 10 n
= [20n – 4]

Hence, number of terms = 6 2

and common difference = 10 ⇒ Sn = n[10n – 2]  ...(i)

Now, first term of second A.P. (a’) = –30
98. Let a be the first term and d be the common
difference of the A.P.
Common difference of second A.P. (d’) = 8
We know that sum of n terms of an A.P. is given ∴ Sum of first 2n terms of second A.P.
by: 2n
S2n = [2a’ + (2n – 1)d’]
n 2
Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d]
2 = n[2(–30) + (2n – 1)8]
Now, S6 = 36  (Given)
= n[–60 + 16n – 8]
6
⇒ [2a + (6 – 1)d] = 36
⇒ S2n = n[16n – 68]  ...(ii)
2
⇒ 3 [2a + (6 – 1)d = 36
According to the question,

⇒ 2a + 5d = 12
Also, S16 = 256
16
⇒ [2a + (16 – 1)d] = 256
2
⇒ 8[2a + 15d] = 256
⇒ 2a + 15d = 32
Subtracting equation (i) from equation (ii), we
get
(2a + 15d) – (2a + 5d) = 32 – 12
⇒ 2a + 15 – 2a – 5d = 20
⇒ 10d = 20
...(i)
Sum of first n terms of first A.P.
[Given] = Sum of first 2n terms of second A.P.
⇒ Sn = S2n
Using equation (i) and equation (ii), we get
⇒ n(10n – 2) = n(16n – 68)
...(ii) ⇒ 10n – 2 – 16n + 68 = 0 [ n ≠ 0]
⇒ –6n + 66 = 0
⇒ –6(n – 11) = 0
⇒ n = 11
Hence, the required value of n is 11.

⇒ d=2 100. Let, the first term of the A.P. be ‘a’ and its
common difference be ‘d’.
Putting the value of d in equation (i), we get
Now, am = a + (m – 1)d
2a + 5(2) = 12
1
⇒ 2a + 10 = 12 ⇒ = a + (m – 1)d ...(i) (given)
n
⇒ 2a = 2 ⇒ a=1
and an = a + (n – 1)d
10 1
Now, S10 = [2a + (10 – 1)d] ⇒ = a + (n – 1)d ...(ii) (given)
2 m
= 5 [2(1) + 9(2)] On subtracting equation (ii) from equation (i),
= 5 [2 + 18] we get:
= 5 × 20 1 1
− = [(m – 1) – (n – 1)]d
S10 = 100 n m

Arithmetic Progressions 7
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 m − n 17
⇒ = (m – n)d
and S17 = [2a + (17 – 1) × d]
mn 2

1 17
⇒ d=  ...(iii) ⇒ 289 = × [2a + 16 × d]
mn 2
Put the value of d in equation (i), we get ⇒ 17 = a + 8d  ...(ii)
1 1
On subtracting equation (i) from equation (ii),
= a + (m – 1) ×
n mn we get:
a + 8d = 17
1  m − 1
⇒ a= − 
n  mn  a + 3d = 7
– – –
m − m +1 1
= =  ...(iv) 5d = 10
mn mn

⇒ d=2
Now, sum of first mn terms is given by:

Put the value of ‘d’ in equation (i), we get
mn  1 1  a + 3 × (2) = 7
Smn = 2 × + ( mn − 1) × 
2  mn mn  ⇒ a=7–6 =1
 n  ∴ Sum of the first ‘n’ terms is:
 ∵Sn = (2a + ( n − 1)d )
 2  n
Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d]
mn + 1 2
1[
⇒ Smn = 2 + mn − 1] =
2 2 n
= [2 × 1 + (n – 1) × 2]
2
( mn +1)
Hence, the sum of first mn terms is . n
2 = [2 + 2n – 2]
102. The numbers which when divided by 6 gives 1 2
as remainder are : = n2
7, 13, 19, 25, 31, 37, ...
Hence, the sum of the first ‘n’ terms is of the

Clearly, the above series forms an A.P., as their A.P. is n2.
common difference is the same, i.e. d = 6. 106. Let, the required number be x.

Here, first term, a = 7, common difference, d = 6
So, the series of natural numbers is:
and n = 40.
We know,
1, 2, 3, 4, ..., x – 1, x, (x + 1), ... 49.
n Now, according to the question,
Sn = [2a + ( n − 1) d ]
2 1 + 2 + 3 + 4 + ... + x – 1 = (x + 1) + ... + 49
40
⇒ Sx – 1 = S49 – Sx
S40 = [2 × 7 + (40 – 1) × 6]
2
( x −1) x 49 × 50 x ( x + 1)
= 20[14 + 39 × 6] ⇒ =
2
−
2
2
= 20 × 248
⇒ x2 – x = 2450 – x2 – x
= 4,960
Hence, the required sum is 4,960. ⇒ 2x2 = 2450
⇒ x2 = 1225
104. Let the first term of the A.P be ‘a’ and its
common difference be ‘d’. ⇒  x = ±35

Given: S7 = 49 But x ≠ –35, as number are positive.

and S17 = 289

∴ x = 35
7

Then, S7 = [2a + (7 – 1) × d]
2 107. Let a be the first term and d be the common
 n  difference of the A.P.
∵Sn = [2a + ( n − 1)d  Now, a14 = 2a8 [Given]
 2 
⇒ a + 13d = 2(a + 7d)
7
⇒ 49 = [2a + 6d]
2
⇒ a + 13d = 2a + 14d
⇒ 7 = a + 3d  ...(i) ⇒ –a = d

8 Mathematics Class X
 or a = –d ...(i) 113. For the given series, we have
Also, a6 = –8 4 – 1 = 3; 7 – 4 = 3; 10 – 7 = 3 and so on.

⇒ a + 5d = –8
i.e. The difference between any two consecutive

⇒ –d + 5d = –8 [Using (i) terms is same.

⇒ 4d = –8 So, the given series is an A.P. with a = 1, d = 3
and l = x.

⇒ d = –2
Let the A.P. contains ‘n’ terms.

\ a = –d = 2
Then, an = x
Now, sum of first 20 terms is given by:
⇒ a + (n – 1)d = x
20
2a + (20 − 1)d 
S20 = ⇒ 1 + 3(n – 1) = x
2  
= 10[2 × 2 + 19 × (–2)] ⇒ 1 + 3n – 3 = x

= 10[4 – 38] ⇒ 3n – 2 = x

= – 340 x + 2
⇒ n=
3
Hence, the required sum is (–340).
n
110. Let a be the first term and d be the common Now, Sn = [first term + last term]
2
difference of the A.P.
x + 2
Now, mam = nan [Given] ⇒ 287 = [1 + x ]
3×2
⇒ m[a + (m – 1)d] = n[a + (n – 1)d]
⇒ (x + 1) (x + 2) = 1722
⇒ am + m(m – 1)d = an + n(n –1)d = 0
or x2 + 3x – 1720 = 0
⇒ (am – an) + [(m2 – m)d – (n2 – n)d] = 0
⇒ x2 + 43x – 40x – 1720 = 0
⇒ (m – n) a + [(m2 – n2) – (m – n)]d = 0
⇒ x(x + 43) – 40(x + 43) = 0
⇒ (m – n) a + [(m – n) – (m + n – 1)]d = 0
⇒ (x + 43) (x – 40) = 0
⇒ a + (m + n – 1)d = 0 [m – n ≠ 0]
⇒ x – 40 = 0
⇒ am + n = 0
( x + 43 ≠ 0, as this A.P. is
Thus, the (m + n)th term of the A.P. is zero. an increasing series, so x
cannot be negative.)
112. Let ‘a’ be the first term and ‘d’ be the common
⇒ x = 40.
difference to the A.P.
Thus, x = 40.
Also, let a – 3d, a – d, a + d, a + 3d be the four
consecutive terms of the A.P. 115. (A) Multiples of 2 and 5 will be multiples of
LCM of 2 and 5.
As per the question,
LCM of (2, 5) = 10
(a – 3d) + (a – d) + (a + d) + (a + 3d) = 32
∴Multiples of 2 as well as 5 between 1 and
⇒ 4a = 32, or a = 8 ...(i) 500 are 10, 20, 30, 40, ...490.
(a − 3d )(a + 3d ) 7 This series forms an A.P. with first term,
and =
(a − d )(a + d ) 15 a = 10
Common difference, d = 20 – 10 = 10
a2 − 9d 2 7
⇒ = Last term, l = 490.
a2 − d 2 15
We know that sum of n terms of an A.P. is
⇒ 15a2 – 135d2 = 7a2 – 7d2 given by:
n
⇒ 8a2 = 128 d2 Sn = [a + l] ...(i)
2
Using (i), we have: Also, l = a + (n – 1) d
8 × 82 = 128 d2 ⇒ 490 = 10 + (n – 1)10
⇒ d2 = 4, or d = ± 2 ⇒ 480 = (n – 1)10
Thus, the four numbers are 2, 6, 10, 14 or 14, ⇒ (n – 1) = 48
10, 6, 2.
⇒ n = 49

Arithmetic Progressions 9
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 Putting this value in equation (i), we get Similarly, for the series 5, 10, 15, ...500, we
49 have
S49 = [10 + 490]
2 first term, a’ = 5,
49 49 common difference, d’ = 5
= × 500 = × 250
 2 2 and, last term, l’ = 500
= 12250 Let n2 be the number of terms of second list.
⇒ S49 = 12250
We know that an = a + (n – 1)d
Hence, the required sum is 12250.
⇒ l’ = a’ + (n2 – 1) d’
(B) Here, multiples of 2 as well as 5 from 1 to
⇒ 500 = 5 + (n2 – 1)5
500 are 10, 20, 30, ...500.
⇒ 495 = (n2 – 1)5
Clearly, this series is an A.P.
⇒ n2 – 1 = 99
Here, first term, a = 10
⇒ n2 = 100
common difference, d = 20 – 10 = 10
Sum of this series
Last term, l = 500
n2
We know that Sn = ( a ' + l ')
2 2
an = a + (n – 1)d
100
⇒ l = a + (n – 1)d Sn = (5 + 500 )
2 2
 [Where, n is total number of terms]
= 50 × 505 = 25250
⇒ 500 = 10 + (n – 1)d
And, for the series 10, 20, .... 500, we have
⇒ 490 = (n – 1)10
first term, a’’ = 10
⇒ (n – 1) = 49 ⇒ n = 50
Also we know that Common difference, d’’ = 10
n and, last term , l’’ = 500
Sn = (a + l)
2 Let n3 be the number of terms in this A.P.
50 Then, l’’ = a’’ + (n3 – 1) d’’
⇒ S50 = (10 + 500)
2 ⇒ 500 = 10 + (n3 – 1)(10)
= 25 × 510 = 12750 ⇒ 490 = (n3 – 1)10
Hence, the required sum is 12750. ⇒ n3 – 1 = 49
(C) Multiples of 2 or 5 = Multiples of 2 + ⇒ n3 = 50
multiples of 5 – [Multiples of 2 and 5] ...(i)
Sum of this series,
Multiples of 2 are [2, 4, 6, ...500]
n3
Multiples of 5 are 5, 10, 15, ...500. Sn = (a” + l”)
3
2
Multiples 2 and of 5 are 10, 20, 30, ...500.
50
Now, for the series 2, 4, 6, ....500, we get first = (10 + 500 )
2
term, a = 2
= 25× 510 =12750
common difference, d = 2 Now, sum of multiples of 2 or 5
and, last term, l = 500. = Sn + Sn – Sn
1 2 3
Let number of terms in this A.P. be n1. = 62750 + 25250 – 12750
Then, last term, l = a + (n1 – 1)d = 88000 – 12750 = 75250
500 = 2 + (n1 – 1)(2)
117. Consider an A.P., whose first term be ‘a’ and
498 = (n1 – 1)2
common difference be ‘d’.
⇒ (n1 – 1) = 249 ⇒ n1 = 250
Given, Sp = q
Sum of this series,
Sq = p
n1
Sn = [a + l] p
1 2 Now, Sp = [2a + (p – 1)d] = q
2
250
= [2 + 500] 2q
2 or 2a + (p – 1)d = ...(i)
p
Sn₂ = 125 × 502 = 62750

10 Mathematics Class X
 q ⇒ – 5n = – 80
and Sq = [2a + (q – 1)d] = p
2 ⇒ n = 16
2p Let, m term of the given A.P. be – 100.
th
or 2a + (q – 1)d = ...(ii)
q ∴ am = – 100
On subtracting equation (ii) from equation (i), ⇒ a + (m – 1) d = – 100
we get ⇒ – 7 + (m – 1) (– 5) = – 100
2q 2p ⇒ (m – 1) 5 = 93

[(p – 1) – (q – 1)]d = −
p q
93 98
⇒ m= +1 =
2q − 2p 1
2 2 5 5
d=
⇒ ×
pq p−q Since, the value of m is not a natural numbers,
Therefore, – 100 is not any term of the given
−2 ( p + q)
d=
⇒  ...(iii) A.P.
pq
Hence, – 82 is the 16th term of the A.P. and
Substituting the value of d in equation (ii), we
– 100 is not a term of the given A.P.
get
 −2( p + q )  2p 121. Let the first term of A.P. be ‘a’ and its common
2a + (q – 1) ×   = difference be ‘d‘.
 pq  q
Given, a4 + a8 = 24
 2p 2 (q − 1)( p + q )  1
⇒ a =  + ×2 ⇒ a + 3d + a + 7d = 24  [an = a + (n – 1)d]
q pq 
⇒ 2a + 10d = 24
p2 + pq − p + q2 − q
a= or a + 5d = 12 ...(i)
pq
 ...(iv) and a6 + a10 = 44  (given)
Now, sum of first (p + q) terms, ⇒ a + 5d + a + 9d = 44
p+q ⇒ 2a + 14d = 44
sp + q = 2a + ( p + q − 1) d 
2  or a + 7d = 22 ...(ii)
2 2
p+q  p + q − p + pq − q  On subtracting equation (i) from equation (ii),
= 2 ×  +
2   pq  we get:
a + 7d = 22
 −2 ( p + q )  

( p + q − 1) ×    a + 5d = 12
 pq  – –
 [From (iii) & (iv)]
2d = 10
 p2 + q2 − p + pq − q − p2 − q2 
 ⇒ d=5
− 2pq + p + q 
= p + q If we put the value of ‘d’ in equation (i), we get
 pq 
a = 12 – 25 = – 13
(− pq) Then, first term of A.P., a = –13
= ( p + q) × = – (p + q)
pq
Common difference of A.P., d = 5
⇒ Sp + q = –(p + q) Now, sum of first ‘n’ terms is given by,
Hence, proved
n
Sn = 2a + (n − 1) d 
118. The first term of the A.P., a = – 7 2

Common difference,
10 
d = (– 12) – (– 7) = (–12 + 7) ∴ S10 =
2 
( )
2 × − 13 + (10 − 1) × 5
= – 5
= 5(–26 + 45)

Let the nth term of the given A.P. be – 82.
= 5 × 19
Then, an = – 82
= 95
⇒ a + (n – 1) d = – 82
⇒ –7 + (n – 1) (– 5) = – 82 Hence, the sum of the first 10 terms of the A.P.
is 95.
⇒ – 7 – 5n + 5 = – 82

Arithmetic Progressions 11
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123. Let, ‘a’ be the first term of A.P. and ‘d’ be its ⇒ n=
x +7
common difference. 3
Let, Sm and Sn be the sum of the first ‘m’ and Now, we know that
first ‘n’ of terms of the A.P., respectively. n
Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d]
m 2
Then, Sm = 2a + ( m − 1)d 
2 x + 7  ( )  x + 7  ( )
⇒ Sn = 2 −4 +  − 1 3 
 
n 2×3  3
and Sn = 2a + ( n − 1)d 
2 x +7 ( x + 7) ( x − 4)

= [−8 + x + 4] =
Sm 6 6
m2
But Sn = (given)
The given equation is:
n2
(–4) + (–1) + 2... + x = 437
m
2a + ( m − 1)d  ⇒ Sn = 437
2 m2
∴ = 2 ( x + 7) ( x − 4)
n n
2a + ( m − 1)d  ⇒ = 437
2 6

2a + (m − 1)d m ⇒ x2 – 4x + 7x – 28 = 437 × 6
⇒ =
2a + (n − 1)d n ⇒ x2 + 3x – 28 = 2622

⇒ n[2a + (m – 1)d] = m[2a + (n – 1)d] ⇒ x2 + 3x – 2650 = 0

⇒ 2an + mnd – nd = 2am + mnd – md
By quadratic formula
⇒ md – nd = 2a(m – n)
−3 ± (3)2 − 4(1)( −2650 )
⇒ d = 2a ...(i) x=
2(1)
Now, the ratio of the mth and nth terms is:
−3 ± 10609
=
a a + (m − 1)d 2
m
= −3 ± 103
a a + (n − 1)d =
n
2
a + (m − 1)2d −3 + 103 −3 − 103
= ⇒ , x=
a + (n − 1)2d 2 2
100 −106
a [1 + 2m − 2] = , = 50, − 53
=  2 2
a[1 + 2n − 2]

But x can not be negative. so x = 50.
2m − 1
= 126. It is given that,
2n − 1

money saved in 1st month = ` 32
Hence, the ratio of mth to nth term is
(2m − 1) : (2n − 1). money saved in 2nd month = ` 36
money saved in 3rd month = ` 40
124. The given equation is: –4 + (–1) + 2 + ... + x = 437
Let Yasmeen save ` 2000 in n months.

The given equation is A.P.
Clearly, monthly savings of Yasmeen are in A.P.

with first term, a = –4 with a = ` 32, d = ` 4 and Sn = ` 2000.

common difference, We know that sum of first n terms of an A.P. is
d = (–1) – (–4) = –1 + 4 = 3 n
Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d]
2
and Last term, l = x
n
⇒ 2000 = [2 × 32 + (n –1)(4)]
Let this A.P. contain n terms. 2
Then an = a + (n – 1)d
= n[32 + 2(n – 1)]
⇒ l = x = a + (n – 1)d ⇒ 2000 = n[32 + 2n – 2]
⇒ x = –4 + (n – 1)(3) ⇒ 2000 = n[30 + 2n]
⇒ x = –4 + 3n – 3 ⇒ 2000 = 2n[15 + n]

12 Mathematics Class X
 ⇒ 1000 = 15n + n2 129. It is given that, number of flags = 27
⇒ n2 + 15n – 1000 = 0 Distance between each flag = 2 m
Splitting the middle term, we get  27 + 1
Position of middle flag =  = 14th
 2 
n2 + 40n – 25n – 1000 = 0
position.
n(n + 40) – 25(n + 40) = 0
(n + 40)(n – 25) = 0 Flags are stored at the position of 14th flag.

⇒ n = –40, n = 25 So, she places 13 flags on her left position.

But n ≠ –40, as number of months cannot be Distance travelled for placing 2nd flag and
negative. returning to her initial position = 2 + 2 = 4 m.

∴ n = 25 Distance travelled for placing 3rd flag and

returning to initial position = 4 + 4 = 8 m
Hence, Yasmeen will save ` 2000 in 25 months.
Distance travelled for placing 4th flag and
returning initial position
128. Total loan taken by Jaspal Singh = 1,18,000 Distance covered for placing flags on left side

First installment = 1,000
= Distance covered for placing flags on right

Second installment = 1,100 side

= 4 + 8 + 12 + ...

Third installment = 1,200...

Total distance covered by Ruchi

Thus, we have list of monthly instalments as

= 2 [4 + 8 + 12 + .....2]
1000, 1100, 1200...
We know that
Clearly, the series forms an A.P.
n
Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d]

So, first term, a = 1000 2

and common difference, d = 100 13 
Total distance = 2 ×  2( 4 ) + (13 − 1)( 4 ) 

We know that an = a + (n – 1)d  2 
⇒ a30 = 1000 + (30 – 1)(100)

= 13 [8 + 12 × 4]
⇒ = 1000 + 2900

= 13 [8 + 48]
⇒ a30 = 3900

= 13 × 56 = 728 m

Hence, ` 3900 will be paid in the 30th
instalment.
Hence, Ruchi covers a total distance of 728 m

He paid 30 instalments in the following form in completing this job and returning to collect

1000 + 1100 + 1200 + 1300 + ... + 3900 her books.

Here, first term, a = 1000
Now, the maximum distance she travelled

Common difference, d = 100 carrying a flag = distance travelled for placing
and last term, l = 3900 14th flag on her left or right position

We know that sum of n terms is given by: = (2 + 2 + 2 ... 13 times)
n

Sn = [a + l] = 2 × 13 = 26 m
2

Hence, the required maximum distance she
30
S30 = [1000 + 3900] travelled carrying a flag is 26 m.
2
= 15 × 4900 = 73500 130. Let the value of first most expensive prize be `
So, total amount he still has to pay after 30 a.
instalments
Then, according to the given condition, prizes

= (Total amount of loan) – (sum of 30 instalments) are a, a – 50, a – 100, a – 150 .......

= 1,18,000 – 73,500 = 44,500 The given series forms an A.P., with a common

Hence, after the 30 installment, he still has to
th difference of (– 50).
pay 44,500. Here, first term = a

Arithmetic Progressions 13
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 common difference, d = – 50 Let, n be the last day when piggy bank becomes
number of terms, n = 10 full.

and, Sum of 10 terms, S10 = ` 4,250

\ Sn = n [2a + (n – 1)d]
2
n
By formula, Sn = [2a + (n – 1)d]
2 n
⇒ 950 = [2 × 5 + ( n − 1) × 5]
2
10
⇒ S10 = [2 × a + (10 – 1) × (– 50)]
⇒ 1900 = n[10 + 5n – 5]
2

⇒ 1900 = n[5n + 5]
⇒ 4250 = 5(2a – 450)

⇒5n + 5n – 1900 = 0
2
⇒ 850 = 2a – 450

⇒ n2 + n – 380 = 0
1300
⇒ a= = ` 650 (on dividing equation by 5)
2
Hence, the value of the prizes are : ` 650, ` 600, Then,
` 550, ` 500, ` 450, ` 400, ` 350, ` 300, ` 250,
⇒ n2 + 20n – 19n – 380 = 0
` 200. (on splitting the middle term)
131. Since, child puts ` 5 on 1st day, ` 10 (2 × 5) on
⇒ n(n + 20) – 19(n + 20) = 0
2nd day, ` 15(3 × 5) on 3rd day and so on.

⇒ (n – 19) (n + 20) = 0
Total savings = 190 coins = 190 × 5

⇒ n = 19 or – 20
= ` 950
But ‘n‘ cannot be negative, hence n = 19.
So, the series of her daily saivings is:
Hence, she continuous the savings for 19 days
` 5, ` 10, ` 15, ..... and saves ` 950.
Clearly, this series is an A.P. Views on habit of saving:
So, first term, a = 5
(1) Child is developing a very good habit of
common difference, d = 5 savings.
sum of total savings, Sn = 950 (2) Consistent saving can creates a wonder.

14 Mathematics Class X