Chemical Process Calculations

Worksheet-9
BYPASS
1) Fresh juice contains 14% solids and 86% water by weight and is to be concentrated to contain 42%
solids by weight. In a single evaporator system, it is found that the volatile constituents of juice escape
with water leaving the concentrated juice 56%, with a flat taste. To overcome this problem part of the
fresh juice bypass the evaporator. Calculate:
(i) The fraction of juice that bypass the evaporator
(ii) (ii) The concentrated juice produced containing 42% solids by weight.

2) A process stream contains 4% (weight) salt and the rest water. This is prepared by passing a
part of pure water stream through a saturator containing the salt. The solution leaving the
saturator containing 20% salt is mixed with the pure water bypassed to get the process stream.
What fraction of the pure water available is to be passed through the saturator?
3) Fresh orange juice contains 12% solids and balance water. It is concentrated to contain 42%
solids. In the present process the evaporator is by passed with a fraction of fresh juice. The juice
that enters the evaporator is concentrated to 58% solids and is mixed with bypassed fresh juice to
achieve the final desired concentration. Calculate the amount of concentrated juice produced per
1000 kg of fresh juice fed to the process and the fraction of the feed that is by passed. Also
calculate the quantity of water evaporated.
4) In a process for concentrating 1000 kg of freshly extracted orange juice containing 15%
solids, the juice is strained, yielding 750 kg of strained juice and 250 kg of pulpy juice. The
strained juice is concentrated in a vacuum evaporator to give an evaporated juice of 60% solids.
The 250 kg of pulpy juice is bypassed around the evaporator and mixed with the evaporated juice
in a mixer to improve the flavor. The final concentrated juice contains 40% solids. Calculate the
following.
i) The mass of the final concentrated juice.
ii) The concentration of solids in the strained juice.
iii) The concentration of the solids in the pulpy juice.