Professional Documents
Culture Documents
College of Business Administration
College of Business Administration
BY
SHELEME ZEWDE
May 20/2018
The role of saving and credit institutions towards meeting the financial needs of entrepreneurs!
The case of Addis credit and saving institution
By
Sheleme Zewde Tesamma
May, 2018
Addis Ababa, Ethiopia
DECLARATIONS
I Sheleme zewde, I.D number RVUMBAR/0042/17, do hereby declare that this thesis is my
original work and that it has not been submitted partially; or in full, by any other person for an
award of degree in any other university/institution.
Submitted By:
Candidate Full Name: Sheleme Zewde Tesemma
Approved By:
I
APPROVAL
The undersigned certify that they have read and hereby recommend to Rift Valley University to
accept the thesis submitted by Sheleme Zewde and entitled “the role of saving and credit
institutions towards meeting the financial needs of entrepreneurs! The case of Addis credit and
saving institution” in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of a Master’s Degree
in Business Administration.
Submitted By:
Approved By:
II
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Thanks to almighty God for the successful completion of this thesis. The completion of this
study would have not been realized without the help of others and I would like to take this
opportunity to thank everyone who helped and supported me.
I would like to greatly express my utmost gratitude to my advisor Marga mekuria (PhD) for his
guidance, continual advice and follow-up, concern, and review of the thesis. A great thanks and
special gratitude is also addressed to all employees in Addis Credit and Saving Institution and
entrepreneurs because of giving me the required data voluntarily to conduct my research.
Without their kind cooperation, this study would not have been complete and became a reality.
My warm appreciation and respect go to my friend Gurmessa chalchisa, Siyum Daba and
Bizunesh Chala for their invaluable contribution, and more importantly, their constructive
comments and guidance throughout the whole process of the thesis.
Last but not least, my indebted gratitude expressed to all of my families and friends for their
encouragement in completing this research endeavor.
III
Table of Contents
DECLARATIONS.............................................................................................................................................I
APPROVAL...................................................................................................................................................II
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS...............................................................................................................................III
LIST OF TABLE.............................................................................................................................................IV
LIST OF FIGURE............................................................................................................................................V
APPENDIX...................................................................................................................................................VI
LIST OF ACRONYMS...................................................................................................................................VII
ABSTRACT.................................................................................................................................................VIII
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................1
1.1. Background of the Organization.......................................................................................................1
1.2. Background of the Study..................................................................................................................2
1.2 Statement of the problem...................................................................................................................3
1.3 Objective of the Study.......................................................................................................................4
1.3.1 General Objective.......................................................................................................................4
1.3.2 Specific Objectives of the study..................................................................................................4
1.4 Research Questions............................................................................................................................4
1.5 Scope of the Study.............................................................................................................................5
1.6. Scope of the Study............................................................................................................................5
1.7. Limitation of the study......................................................................................................................5
1. 8. Significance of the Study.............................................................................................................6
1.9. Organization of the study..................................................................................................................6
1.10. Operational definition.....................................................................................................................6
CHAPTER TWO.........................................................................................................................................7
1. REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE...........................................................................................7
2.2. Concept and definition of Addis credit.............................................................................................7
2.3. Addis credit institutions VS Poverty.................................................................................................8
2.4. Financial Intermediation...................................................................................................................9
2.5. Challenge of Credit and Saving Institution in Ethiopia...................................................................11
2.6. Positive mood of ACSI...................................................................................................................11
2.7. Entrepreneurs Related Factors........................................................................................................12
2.8. The Service of Addis credit service................................................................................................12
2.9. Group Guarantee System in Repayment of Loans.....................................................................13
2.10. Performance indicators.................................................................................................................13
2.11. Interest rate determination............................................................................................................13
2.12. Empirical Studies Regarding to Challenges of Microcredit service..............................................14
2.14. Conceptual Framework.................................................................................................................16
2.15. Research Gap................................................................................................................................17
CHAPTER THREE:..................................................................................................................................19
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY..............................................................................................................19
3.1. Research Design.............................................................................................................................19
3.2. Data Type and Source.....................................................................................................................19
3.3. Target Population and Sample Design............................................................................................20
3.3.1. Target Population........................................................................................................................20
3.3.2. Sampling Design and Procedures.................................................................................................20
3.3.2.1. Sampling Design........................................................................................................................20
3.3.2.2. Sample Size Determination.......................................................................................................20
3.3.2.3. Sampling Procedure..................................................................................................................21
3.4. Data Collection Instruments and Procedures.................................................................................21
3.4.1. Data Collection Instruments........................................................................................................21
3.4.2. Data Collection Procedures.........................................................................................................21
3.5. Data Processing and Analysis..........................................................................................................21
3.5.1. Data Processing...........................................................................................................................21
3.5.2. Data Analysis...............................................................................................................................21
3.6. Ethical considerations.....................................................................................................................21
3.7. Validity and Reliability....................................................................................................................22
CHAPTER FOUR;.........................................................................................................................................23
4. DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION.................................................................................................23
4.1. Introduction....................................................................................................................................23
4.2. Demographic Characteristics of Respondents................................................................................23
4.3 Demographic Information of the Respondents...............................................................................23
4.4. Descriptive Statistics...........................................................................................................................26
4.4.1. Level of access to credit by the ACSI’ of the entrepreneurs........................................................26
4. 4.2. To what extent has the income and saving of entrepreneurs has been changed after the credit
Utilization..............................................................................................................................................29
4.3. Criteria of ACSI to entrepreneurs to get credit...............................................................................32
4.4 To What extent employment opportunities are created by the entrepreneurs..............................36
CHAPTER FIVE:...........................................................................................................................................43
SUMMARY, CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONS.............................................................................43
5.1. Summary.........................................................................................................................................43
5.2. Conclusions.....................................................................................................................................44
5.3. Recommendations..........................................................................................................................44
REFERENCE................................................................................................................................................46
APPENDIX..................................................................................................................................................47
LIST OF TABLE
table 4.2. 2: - summarizing suggestion of respondents relative to after joining the credit............31
table 4.2. 3 criteria of acsi to entrepreneurs to get credit...............................................................34
table 4.2. 4:- total summarize of questions survey........................................................................38
IV
LIST OF FIGURE
V
APPENDIX
Questionnaire 46
VI
LIST OF ACRONYMS
MC Microcredit
UN United Nations
VII
ABSTRACT
The main purpose of the study was the role of saving and credit institutions towards meeting the
financial needs of entrepreneurs in case Addis credit and saving institution. Descriptive research
based on survey approach was carried out using primary data collected through self-developed
questionnaire. The descriptive result ascertained that inadequate source of criteria, lack of
accessibly, creation job opportunity and change income, inadequate clients’ information, clients’
utilization of loans to personal consumption rather than in investments activities, lack of clients’
efficiency and required skill to run their business, tough competition from the industry, clients’
requirements of innovative and diversified products and services, low saving size, inability to
provide products that could address the needs of clients and failure to consider its operations as a
significant means to generate revenue were the major challenges of ACSI. The study result also
indicated that, ACSI failed to succeed in supply of consistent and diversified financial services,
employment creation, provision of socio-economic benefits, operation based on character and
collateral free lending system, provision of loans at reasonable interest rate, increasing the
income and well-designed incentive system, in provision of appropriate and dependable financial
services, helping the overall existing business growth and frequent performance visits of
entrepreneurs. The study recommends that ACSI needs to curb the challenges and problems
related to clients’, criteria and accessibility so as to achieve it intended objectives and to exploit
and use the available opportunities in the industry.
Key words: Addis credit and saving institution, Micro and Small Enterprises,
VIII
CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION
1
ACSI's mission is to promote micro and small enterprises to alleviate poverty and unemployment
prevailing in Addis Ababa city administration territory through provision of sustainable financial and
other related service with particular attention to women (ACSI, 2014).
2
17years have been elapsed since ACSI engaged in providing microcredit services to the asset less
potential productive poor section of the society across Addis Ababa region that had not had any access to
the services of formal financial institutions. ACSI is now a three tiered organization with head office in
Addis Ababa, 10 branches in each sub-cities of Addis Ababa and 16 micro-finance loan saving service
giving branches (ACSI, 2014). Addis credit and saving institution has been improving its policies from
time to time make it adjustable the external environment and make its services convenient to
entrepreneurs. And for those working with the institution, the government of Ethiopia established a legal
frame-work for the establishment and operation of fairness of accessibility including criteria of credit like
ACSI.
. However, a key feature of the developing country context is the presence of multiple market
imperfections; labor market failures is one well-studied (Deo-lalikar and Vijverberg (1983), Newell,
Pandya and Symons (1997) and Bharadwaj (2008)).Thus a relevant question in this setting is the extent
to access of the criteria credit affect entrepreneurs supply decisions hiden. This paper examines the role
of saving and credit institutions towards meeting the financial needs of entrepreneurs! The case of Addis
credit and saving institution In particular, the researcher focus on the Addis credit and saving access to
the entrepreneurs.
3
from saving and credit institution, to the entrepreneur is satisfied. The credit provided to the poor has
brought appositive impact on the life entrepreneurs. Or MSEs, in terms of income, towards get accesses
credit for entrepreneur. Asmelash, (2003)
The notion is asserted by (Kepha, 2013) those entrepreneurs are generally regarded as the driving force of
job creation, and poverty reduction in developing countries
However, the study focused only on the officials criteria of loan of the entrepreneurs and neglected the
challenges of accessibility that have direct contact with entrepreneurs in the service provision process. In
addition, the study mainly focused on the challenges and neglected the achievements and the
opportunities of the loan. Therefore, this study will intend to fill the gap by identifying the major
challenges, the achievements and opportunities of MFIs in Ethiopia in provision of financial service to
entrepreneurs in context of the available literature with a particular reference to Addis Credit and Saving
Institution (ACSI).
1. What is the level of access to credit by the ACSI’ for the entrepreneurs?
2. To what extent has the income and saving of entrepreneurs has been changed after the credit
Utilization?
3. What criteria are there for entrepreneurs to get credit?
4. To What extent employment opportunities are created by the entrepreneurs?
4
1.5 Scope of the Study
Addis credit institutions covers a wide area of issues and encompasses the contribution of MFIs in
eradication of urban poverty through providing demand driven financial services in a sustainable way and
with a special focus to women. However, the methodological focus area of this paper is limited to
identifying to assess the role Addis credit and service institution towards meeting financial unities and
criteria of ACSI in provision of financial services to entrepreneurs.
Addis Credit and Saving Institution providing services in its Head office; Operational Department Zones;
by opening branches; and Microcredit loan saving service giving branch outlet in all 10 sub-cities of
Addis Ababa. However, the study limits geographically its scope on branches and outlets in kolfe
keranioSub-city. Woreda08.
5
1. 8. Significance of the Study
The study is beneficial to Addis Credit and Saving Institution in meeting its objective of giving financial
service to entrepreneurs by providing initial information about the challenges the institution is facing and
the accessibility and criteria have as a result of provision of financial services to entrepreneurs so that
appropriate actions taken accordingly. In addition, this study might also contribute to the existing
literature of Addis credit service institution
Credit =side customer provided for income generation and related purpose
Loan=both lender and sacker provided for income generation and related purpose
6
CHAPTER TWO
The reason for reviewing the existing literature is to know what is already known about our area of
interest so that we do not simply ‘reinvent the wheel’. We need a comprehensive review of literatures in
the areas of Microfinance and its challenges and prospects in provision of financial service to
entrepreneurs; identify the problem and research gap; and to come up with appropriate research methods.
Therefore, the following chapter deals with the literature relevant to the study by presenting the
theoretical literature, empirical literature and summarizes theoretical and empirical relationship and the
gap to be researched.
The maximum credit period for entrepreneurs’ credit is two years and the majority of the credit is to
groups that exist in in the rural areas. The proportion of credit to urban areas is limited. The maximum of
interest rates that is charged on credit was lifted by the National Bank of Ethiopia some time ago, with no
formal restrictions in terms of interest rates ACSIs charge their entrepreneurs. This means that ACSI can
freely price its loans to cover administrative expenses, loan losses, and cost of funds, capitalization rate
and a profit margin. However, there appears to be pressure from the Government to keep interest rates
low. But for entrepreneurs interest rate is high to back payment.
7
2.3. Addis credit institutions VS Poverty
Poverty level can be classified in to absolute and relative poverty. The extent of absolute poverty can be
defined in the number of people living below a specified minimum level of income which is one US
dollar person in come per day. Wekwete (1999: 37) characterized poverty by among other things,
malnutrition, lack of education, low income and assets, environmental risks, low life expectancy, and
substandard housing.
Poverty is the major problem in most developing countries. In these countries economy, among
Others, absence of access to credit is presumed to be the cause for the failure of the poor to come out of
poverty. Meeting the gap between demand and supply of credit in the formal financial institutions
frontier has been challenging (Von Pischke, 1999).
In fact, the gap is not aroused merely because of shortage of loan-able fund to the poor rather it arises
because it is costly for the formal financial institutions to lend to the poor. Lending to the poor involves
high transaction cost and risks associated with information asymmetries and moral hazards. Only a small
fraction of the world population has access to financial instruments, essentially because commercial
banks consider the poor people as unbankable due to their lack of collateral and information asymmetries
(Letenah Ejigu 2009).
Most formal financial institutions do not serve the poor because of perceived high risks, high costs
involved in small transactions, low relative profitability, and inability of the poor to provide the physical
collateral required by such institutions. The business culture of these institutions is also not geared to
serve poor and low-income households.
Lacking access to institutional sources of finance, most poor and low-income households continue to rely
on insufficient self-finance or informal sources of finance. However, these sources limit their ability to
actively participate in and benefit from the development process.
Thus, a segment of the poor population that has viable investment opportunities persists in poverty for
lack of access to credit at reasonable costs. The poor also lack access to institutional credit for
consumption smoothening and to other services such as payments, money transfers, and insurance (ADB,
2000).
For the purpose of conducting this research, the researcher defines the terms and concepts in the
following way:
Addis credit and saving institution is the provision of financial services to low income poor and very
poor self-employed people (Otero, 1999). These financial services, according to Lidgerwood (1999),
8
generally include savings and credit but can also include other financial services such as insurance and
payment services.
Understanding the role of financial intermediation in entrepreneur’s decisions is important for identifying
the underlying determinants of economic growth and for designing effective policy in the developing
world. Important theoretical work by Eswaran and Kotwal (1986) highlights the role that access to
working capital plays in responsible which households become entrepreneurs, as well as the composition
of labor that entrepreneurs employ. Yet empirical work explaining the relationship between credit access
and entrepreneurial decisions is only now emerging (Paul-son and Townsend (2004), McKenzie and
Woodru_ (2006), Karlan and Zinman (2010)). For example, recent evidence from a randomized
evaluation in India has shown that expanding access to credit can have significant effects on
entrepreneurship (Banerjee, Duo, Glennesterand Kinan (2010)) it deals with concepts of imperfections
Access to credit of entrepreneurs affordable criteria ACSI fulfilling. Related empirical findings present
the criteria that challenge entrepreneurs for getting credit service and its relationship with ACSI access to
credit compliance. Nevertheless, in several developing countries governments have intervened, through
Introduction of microfinance institutions to minimize the gap, and then allow the poor access credits .
There is recent global agreement that microcredit institutions are good instruments to fill the gap of
conventional banks’ limitations in reaching the poor and the vulnerable non-poor with banking services.
They are considered as one of the most effective interventions for empowering the poor in their economic
and social involvements. That is, through these MFIs, the poor are able to access financial services,
which previously were exclusively available to the upper income population. The basic idea behind such
intervention is that access to microfinance services such as credit, savings and micro-insurance to the
poor could help them, among others, to expand their businesses that will allow them to pull out of
poverty (Mekonnen, 2008).
MFIs are often not in a position to provide a full suite of financial services. The products they do offer
depend on their objectives, and the needs of their target market. In principle, they are very similar to
those offered by large financial institutions, but usually with an emphasis on simplicity (Siddharth &
9
Nichola, 2003). The financial services offered by MFIs generally include savings and credit but can also
include other financial services such as insurance and advisory services. Siddharth & Nichola (2003)
examined the financial services provided by MFIs, as follows:
Credit: Loans are usually provided for investment in a productive pursuit (as opposed to being used for
consumption). There are times (e.g. during a drought that causes a lack of production), where the loans
may be provided for consumption as well, although if used too widely, it may result in a high rate of
default. Credit is usually provided on a short-term basis (anywhere between 3 months and one year),
generally for small loan sizes. Assessing credit risk is difficult, and not cost effective for small loan sizes.
The method used by most MFIs is to lend small amounts to individual customers at first. If they make
timely repayments, they will increase the amounts they lend in the future. Some MFIs try to ensure
repayment by forming Joint Liability Groups. These involve members of a community agreeing to
guarantee each other’s loans. This way, peer pressure and community conscience can result in a high rate
of repayment on loans. Loan interest rates are usually higher than commercial banks, due to the higher
default risk and higher expense ratios faced.
Savings: Deposit taking services can be very valuable to the poor, who often have very few reliable
places to save money in order to smooth timing differences between their income and expenditure. From
the MFI’s point of view, it can be a useful source of funds, and can encourage financial prudence in their
clients. The risks in providing these services are similar to those faced by any bank. If the MFI’s loan
repayment rate in particular is poor, there is a great risk that depositor’s capital will be eroded. Generally,
deposit taking institutions would be required to face much more regulation than those providing just loan
services. It can be disastrous for confidence in the financial system if the poor lose their savings due to
insolvency of the MFI.
Insurance: MFIs in some countries are trying to expand their product range to include risk transfer
services. The Grameen Bank in Bangladesh for example requires each member in a group lending
programme to contribute 1 percent of the loan amount to an insurance fund to cover the risk of death
mitigating their ability to repay the loan. Other types of insurance offered include health and property.
This is a risky product to offer for many MFIs, as they often lack the expertise to price or control the risk
they take on- did somebody call for an actuary? It is also questionable whether insurance is of as much
value to the very poor, as the cost to transfer the risk may be too high for them. Some institutions that
have provided insurance say that clients get benefits from protection against extreme hardship caused by
10
death or catastrophe. Such disasters often hurt the poor more than the rich and from insurances service
any cannot to serve entrepreneurs when the entrepreneurs gat in crises rather than collect it from
entrepreneurs as their benefits systematic method. Look, the entrepreneurs’ whose gating in shutdown
his/her business cannot compensate from insurance. This is fact visible in ACSI.
Generally the ACSI vision is not only for the matter of collecting revenue it is about improving the
income of entrepreneurs.
13
and can never perfectly monitor their actions Determination of lending interest rate is essential to
ADCSI, when they borrow money to their members. Entrepreneur’s only know interest rate is 10%befor
joining ACSI .the rest like service charge 2% and insurance 1% which is depends on the national Bank of
Ethiopia Microfinance Declaration after joining ADCSI . Morris and Barnes (2005) provided an
overall assessment of the impact of ACSI programs in Uganda. The researcher did not find that
Micro credit programs help to alleviate poverty in program areas, though results from this study
another is indicated negative impacts after credit back payment in terms of interest rate. Without giving
breathing time interest and compulsory back payment have impact on entrepreneurs
Table -1: - before credit
14
Deribew (2015) conducted a study on the challenges facing officials of Microcredit with respect to
Ethiopia. The researchers seek to highlight the key challenges facing officials of microfinance
institutions, case of Amhara Credit and Saving institution, Ethiopia. The finding of the study showed that
officials of the institutions facing several challenge emanated from system of the organization and from
the side of clients. Therefore, the institution itself should give emphasis to avoid the challenges facing
officials. Mohammad (2015) tried to introduce practical evidence about challenges facing microfinance
institutions in poverty eradication and to examine what role microfinance institutions can play in
eradication of poverty in Mogadishu. The study showed that misconception about microfinance
institutions due to their newly inception, inadequate loans, less mentionable support from government
and donor funding hinder the microfinance institutions. The researcher suggested that government needs
to give consideration to the micro finance, allocate a substantial budget and donate to these microfinance
institutions in order to boost the living standard of people and ultimately contribute towards the economic
development and prosperity of the country. Kifle (2015) tried to identify factors such as, absence of
financial cooperatives policy and regulatory environment, weak institutional capacity, narrow product
range and inappropriate loan security requirements are challenges of saving and credit cooperatives in
Ethiopia.
Alemayehu & Fenet (2016) identified various challenges that constrain MFIs from efficient operations in
Ethiopia. The fact that the MFIs are dealing with clients with low-income base would mean that the
outreach objective could not be achieved at the desired speed without compromising self-sustainability.
MFIs may desire to set a high lending rate to cover their high operating cost so that they would be able to
earn a certain level of profit margin. But given their client are poor, and the activities they carry out may
not be profitable at a lending rate high enough to generate profit to the MFIs, the need to set a high
lending rate would be diluted.
15
2.14. Conceptual Framework
In this study the dependent variable is the provision of financial service of MFIs to entrepreneurs while
the independent variables are employees’ perception about the contributing factors for the access, income
change, job creation opportunity and criteria of ACSI. The factors were selected after careful review of
several articles and adapting the work of As Bamlaku (2006) work indicated in his study, in developing
counties the poor section of the society were simply kept out of the reach of the formal financial
institutions for several reasons.
16
2.14.1. Independent Variables Dependent Variable
Government workers
guarantee Government Regulations
Conceptual Framework
Source: Own Compilation
17
it is well known in the past years in providing financial services to entrepreneurs with a particular
emphasis to entrepreneurs.
Therefore, this research will contribute towards filling the gap by identifying the major accessibility of
credit in provision of financial service to entrepreneurs in Ethiopia particularly in the case of Addis
Credit and Saving Institution in context of the available literature in the area.
18
CHAPTER THREE:
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
19
3.3. Target Population and Sample Design
N = population size
E =natural log
n=1400/1400(0.0025)2 =311.11
Based on this, the researcher considered sample size in the view of the researcher was considered fairly
adequate and representative. Specifically, the sample included 311 entrepreneurs whose on the way to
participating in ACSI.
20
3.3.2.3. Sampling Procedure
To ensure each element in the population have an equal chance of being included in the sample, the task
of selecting sample size for data collection was done using a purposive sampling technique System.
21
3.7. Validity and Reliability
To determine the probable usefulness of the questionnaire and whether further revision is needed prior to
data collection for the study using questioners for data collection, the survey instrument was tested with
selected academicians to check for possible problems with statement clarity and respondent
understanding as well as ability to complete the survey instrument. The subjects were asked about
specific comments regarding the questionnaire through both open-ended and close-ended questions.
To ensure the reliability of measurement instrument the researcher performed first standardize the
instrument and then, distributed the same to all respondents and was not changed from one person or
situation to another
22
CHAPTER FOUR;
23
Table 4. 2:- Respondents age variables
Frequency
Variables Measuring Group Percentage (%)
Male Female
Illiterate 18 3 6.75%
1-8 grade 19 5 7.71%
9-10 grade 35 11 14.79%
Educational
11-12 grade 42 20 19.93%
Level
TVET 50 40 28.93
University/BA/BSC 49 19 21.86%
24
Table 4. 4 : - Marital Status of Respondents
Source;-survey 2018
The information on the marital status and family size of the respondents was also collected
Through field trips questionnaires because of the marital status has Implications to the income,
expenditures and repayment of loan. The response of seek borrowers on their marital status is shown in
table .4 above. The research reveals that, the majority 190 (89.20.8%) of respondent male are unmarried,
and also 65 (66.32%) of female
Respondents are unmarried, as well as, married of the respondents are 23 (10.79%) of male and
33(33.67) were married. While 0(0%) of them is divorced.
This evidence proves that ACSI gives loan to more married clients than unmarried and any
Other marital status group clients. According to the staff of ACSI in KKSC, the reason for
Participation of more unmarried clients than other marital group clients in the credit program
is due to the fact that the demand for basic necessities by unemployment’s
With this reasons the ACSI in Kolfe keranio Sub-City woreda 08 is providing its microcredit to more
give attention unmarried clients equal opportunity towards cooperate as entrepreneurs Items of religion is
the credit service.
25
Table 4. 5 :- status of religion respondents
The study was conducted to assess for access of ACSI in provision of financial service to entrepreneurs
question is duplicated for the entrepreneur is answered disagree 37(11.9%) strongly disagree 249(80.1%)
semi-agree 25(8%). The respondents’ suggested that, the access of credit is not equal opportunity to
entrepreneurs, in terms of different things. Because absolutely poor and relatively have different
prediction in ACSI office, due to payback of credit.so here more advantageous are whose relatively poor.
For this matter there is on equal distribution of credit access form ACSI. Table 6 shows the frequency
26
and percentage responses of the study participants for the access of ACSI is achieving in provision of
financial service to entrepreneurs and their frequency value
To attain the establishment sufficiently according to the frequency scale respondent strongly disagree
127(40.83%) disagree 89(28.62%) semi-agree 53 (17.04%) agree 9 (2.9%) strongly agree 33 (10.61%)
respectively .according to the respondents suggestion is that the accessibility of ACSI is not decentralized
entrepreneurs. Hence the respondent suggestion fail down around strongly disagree 127(40.83%).from
this point of view the respondents are strong disagree.
To attain the establishment sufficiently according to the frequency scale respondent strongly disagree
56(18%) disagree 186(59.8%) semi-agree 39(13%) strongly agree 30 (9.2%)
The credit which ACSI give to entrepreneurs is not match enough to business running. The ACSI give
credit is that the amount of you need to be depending on the collateral of entrepreneurs .due to that what
the entrepreneurs offered credit is not satisfy. This real what they observe from the environment
enterprises. More than half of respondents are dis agree with this topic
The frequency scale is adequate to fulfill their need as the respondents given strongly disagree
213(68.5%) disagree 68(21.86%) semi- agree 16 (5.14%) agree 14(4.5%).The entrepreneurs after join
ACSI they became poor and poor too because of high amount of interest rate back payment
The frequency scale strongly disagree 109 (35.04%) disagree 160(51.44%) semi-agree 18(5.8%) strongly
agree 15(4.82%) agree 9(2.9%) the criteria has a problem by itself select unemployment’, so that, the
entrepreneurs who have some initial point of money satisfy, rather than who haven’t any things from his
hands.so the criteria is isolate new comer entrepreneurs.
27
Table 4.2. 1 :- Level of access to credit
Frequency
Variable Strongly Semi- Strongly Percentage
Agree Dis-Agree
Agree Agree Dis Agree
Supply appropriate
- - 25(8) 37(11.9) 249(80.1) 20%
financial services
ACSI services are
equal accessibility for 9(2.9) 33(10.61) 53(17.04) 89(28.62) 127(40.83) 20%
all entrepreneurs
Provide diversified
financial service to - 30(9.2) 39(13) 186(59) 56(18) 20%
the entrepreneurs
ACSI has provide
14(4.65) - 16(5.14) 68(21.86) 213(68.5) 20%
dependable financial
ACSI criteria
promote equal 9(2.9) 15(4.82) 18(5.8) 160(51.44) 109(35.04) 20%
accessibility
Total summation 11(3%) 16(5%) 30(9%) 108(34%) 154(49%)
100%
Source; - field survey 2018
Measurement Frequenc
Variable Frequency
s y
Level of N N N
% % % No % No %
access to o o o
credit by
the ACSI’ In Numbers 100%
3.8 5 9.2 10 34. 15 48
of the 12 11 30
% % % 8 % 0 %
entrepreneu
r
Source; field survey 2018
28
Totally the above table shows that there is no strong inter relationships between ACSI and MSSE office
by regulation. That’s why, the rules of working both office are different, there is no which tide with each
other regulation .For this matter absolute entrepreneurs are not offered by this accesses then more than
half respondents are strongly dis agree so that more entrepreneurs accessed credit by ACSI.
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
agree
30%
strongly agree
20% semi agree
10% disagree
0% strongly disagree
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p di
.
The above figure shows that the ACSI access is not equal distribute at all. Especially for the new
entrepreneurs. And also the entrepreneurs haven’t get enough credit as their business plan the
work .because of there is no common share responsibility for entrepreneurs to ward MSSE and ACSI.
4. 4.2. To what extent has the income and saving of entrepreneurs has been changed
after the credit Utilization
4.4.2.1. Provide diversified financial services to the entrepreneurs
The frequency percentage scale as the question distribute and data collection is the credit given is not
enough for income business running and job creation strongly disagree 201(64.63%) disagree 97
(31.19%) semi-agree 13 (4.18%)here the ACSI access was not strongly satisfy because of the
entrepreneurs business needs and the ACSI give to them are not equivalent. Majority frequency fail
between dis agree and strongly dis agree, that means between31.19% to 64.63%. For this matter the
entrepreneurs could be become vulnerable to payback interest with its domain .for this fact things high
amount of respondents are strongly dis agree.
29
4.4.2.2. After you joining the ACSI Provide dependable financial services from the previous.
The frequency percentage scale strongly agree 6 (1.92%) agree 1(0.32%) semi-agree 5 (1.6%) disagree
146 (46.97%) strongly disagree 153 (49.19%). Hence, the majority of the participants gave ‘highly
unsatisfactory’ response on the overall supply of consistent financial services to entrepreneurs in ACSI.
4.4.2.3. After joining the credit service the entrepreneurs create job opportunities to
unemployment
The frequency percentage scale of strongly disagree 109 (35.04%) disagree 100(32.15%) semi-agree 60
(19.29%) agree 7 (2.27%) strongly agree 35 (11.25%)
Hence, considerable number of the participants gave ‘strongly dis agree response on the overall provision
of undependable financial services to entrepreneurs in ACSI In other words, the frequency percentage
scale of dis agree and strongly dis agree are totally occupied between 32.15% and 35.04% from total
frequency. Hence, the majority of the participants gave ‘strongly dis agree’ response on the overall
employment creation of ACSI to entrepreneurs.
4.4.2.4. MSSE and ACSI have inter relationships due to giving credit service to entrepreneur
The frequency percentage scale strongly disagree 143 (45.98%) dis agree 134 (43.1%) semi-agree 30
(9.64%) agree 1 (0.32%) strongly disagree 3 (0.96%)
The frequency of value item is 45.98% on measurement scale which is greater than the frequency of dis-
agree which also represent ‘highly dissatisfy response on frequent inter relationship between MSSE and
ACSI performance. The result also indicates the respondents perceive that both MSSE and ACSI are
unsuccessful in frequent performance invisible. They are vise verse.
4.4.2.5. An ACSI monitoring and evaluate the entrepreneurs to change their income effectively
The frequency percentage scale of response strongly agree 11 (3.55%) agree 7 (2.25%) semi- agree 11
(3.53%) disagree 139 (44.69%) strongly disagree 143 (45.98%) on provision of dependable financial
services to MSEs is 30.6% and 18.1% respectively. In other words, the frequency percentage scale of 4
and 5 are totally occupied 48.7% over total frequency. Hence, considerable number of the participants
gave ‘somewhat satisfactory’ response on the overall provision of dependable financial services to MSEs
in ACSI.
30
The frequency of the item is 45.98% on measurement scale which is relative to half of variables and also
which represent ‘strongly dis agrees response on the overall provision of change income in ACSI. The
result also indicates the respondents perceive that ACSI is unsuccessful in provision of undependable
financial services to entrepreneurs’.
Table 4.2. 2: - summarizing suggestion of respondents relative to after joining the credit.
Variable rement Frequency
Percen
Measu
tage
Strongl Semi Strongly
s
Agree Disagree
y Agree Agree Dis Agree
Provide diversified number 201
financial services - - 13 (4.18%) 97 (31.19%) 100%
(64.63%)
ACSI Provide number
dependable financial 1(0.32 6(1.92% 153(49.19%
5(1.6%) 146(46.97%)
services %) ) )
Table 4.2.2.1; change Income entrepreneurs after utilizing total summation of respondents.
Meas
Perce
Variable ureme Frequency
ntage
nts
Income and Strongly Strongly dis
Agree Simi agree Dis agree
saving of agree agree
In
entrepreneurs N N N
numbe % % % No % No %
has been o o o
rs
changed after 0.64 4.2 7.71 12 39.22 15 48.23 100
2 13 24
the credit % % % 2 % 0 %
31
Utilization
Source; field survey 2018
70%
60%
50%
40% agree
strongly agree
30% semi-agree
disagree
20% stronglydisagree
10%
0%
provide fi- dependable after join relationship monitoring
nancial financial credit of MSSE and and small
service service ASCI scale
AS The above figure is explain it, the entrepreneurs who join ACSI more of the cant successful. Because
there is in number of default credit. from the beginning of credit to back payment. For this purpose the
entrepreneurs become poor below the previous poor line .here if the stakeholders’ deal with rules and
regulation may be entrepreneurs breathing well.
The frequency percentage scale strongly disagree 171(54.98%) disagree 104 (33.44%) semi-agree 14
(4.5%) agree 3 (0.985) strongly agree 19 (6.1%) respectively. the new comer entrepreneurs absolutely not
offered by the ACSI collateral strongly disagree 171(54.99%) disagree 129(41.48%) semi-agree
7(2.25%) agree 1(0.32%) strongly agree 3 (0.96%) sequence. More respondents fail under strongly dis
agree. Because of not soft to entrepreneurs and ACSI use too harsh criteria to entrepreneurs, this way
neglect other and accept another in terms fulfillment of criteria
32
33
4.3.2. The collateral requirement is easy to fulfill
The frequency percentage scale strongly disagree 175(56.27%) disagree 100 (32.15%) semi-agree 14
(4.5%) agree 3 (0.98) strongly agree 19 (6.1%) respectively. the new comer entrepreneurs absolutely not
offered by the ACSI collateral, the youngest unemployment are poor and poor. not haven’t any a means
earnings. the due to collateral who was guarantee for them. hence the collateral can neglect them from
services.
The frequency percentage scale strongly disagree 151 (48.55%) and disagree 143 (46%) and the
respondents measurement scale which is fail between 151(48.55%) and 143 (46%), which also represent
‘strongly disagree’ response on the overall collateral of ACSI is not characterized provision of financial
services to entrepreneurs which isolate entrepreneurs from credit service .the result also indicates the
respondents perceive that ACSI is not satisfy in operation based on imperfection criteria. The other
respondents shows their data are, strongly agree 5 (1.6%) agree 2 (0.64%) semis- agree 10 (3.21%) Then
the entrepreneurs are not too satisfied at the criteria of ACSI to giving loan.
The frequency percentage scale strongly disagree 139 (44.7%) and disagree 135 (43.4%)
The frequency of the respondents measurement scale which is fail between 44.7% and 43.4%, which also
represent ‘strongly disagree’ response on the overall criteria of ACSI is not characterized provision of
financial services to entrepreneurs The result also indicates the respondents perceive that ACSI is not
satisfy in operation based on imperfection criteria. The other respondents shows their data are, strongly
agree 11 (3.53%) agree 9 (2.9%) semi-agree 17 (5.47%). Then the entrepreneurs are not too satisfied at
the criteria of ACSI to giving loan.
34
majority of the participants gave ‘strongly dis agrees’ response on the overall operation of ACSI based on
character based lending system. The total summarize table of under this question as follows
The total summation of this analysis is more respondents are criticized Criteria of ACSI .the criteria that
offered is isolate most entrepreneurs. Hence the suggestion stockholders are describe it strongly disagree
and disagree. This is numerically as shows the above table higher amounts of percentage.
35
Table4.2.3.1. Criteria of ACSI to entrepreneurs to get credit
Measure
Variable Frequency
ments Percentage
The frequency value of the item is 54.01% on measurement scale which is occupied greater than half
respondents which also represent ‘strongly satisfy’ response on the overall operation of ACSI criteria
based collateral character lending system in provision of financial services to entrepreneurs. The result
also indicates the respondents perceive that ACSI is not offered successful in operation based on
character and collateral lending system.
70.00%
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
agree
20.00% strongly agree
strongly disagree
10.00% disagree semi-agree
0.00% semi-agree disagree
strongly agree strongly disagree
it
r ed al l agree
c er ra I
of
lla t
ate CS al
r ia c o o ll o
A ter
e c t lla
iat eo
f
eu
r
co
cr g en d
en pr se
all t re r ba
h
c en cte
s fy ara
ti ch
sa
36
This figure, 4.3 is explaining the criteria of ACSI for giving credit is simplicity. Because of its not
decentralized poor and poor/absolutely poor. And the bureaucracy offed poor society. Hence the
respondents suggestion revolves with strong disagree and disagree.
The frequency percentage scales of negative response disagrees and strongly disagree on timely provision
financial services to entrepreneurs is strongly disagree 143(45.98%) disagree 149 (47.9%) respectively.
In other words, the frequency percentage scale of disagree and strongly disagree are totally occupied
47.9% over total frequency. Hence, the majority of the participants gave ‘strongly disagree’ response on
the overall employment creation of ACSI to entrepreneurs.
The frequency value of the item is 47.9% which is cover more than half respondents and also represent
‘strongly disagree’ response on the overall employment creation of ACSI to entrepreneurs. The result
also indicates the respondents perceive that ACSI is not successful in employment creation to
entrepreneurs. The rest frequency of respondents are semi agree fail under 5(1.6%), agree 6 (1.92%) and
strongly agrees are 8(2.57%) respectively. From this as the entrepreneurs considered it is not sufficient
for selves rather than create job opportunity for others.
4.4.2. Helps existing business growth of entrepreneurs
The frequency percentage scale of negative response (disagree) and (strongly disagree) on encouraging
existing in business entrepreneurs to be financially independent in ACSI is disagree) 147 (47.2%) and
strongly disagree155 (49.92%) respectively. In other words, the frequency percentage scale of disagree
and strongly disagree are totally occupied 49.92% over total frequency. Hence, the considerable number
of the participants gave ‘strongly disagrees ‘response on the overall not encouragement of entrepreneurs
to be financially independent in ACSI. Next this the rest respondents are semi agree were 6(1.92%)
respondents and agree respondents are 3, (0.96%) but nothing is strongly agree. 0(0)
4.4.3. Encourages entrepreneur to be satisfied financially independent
The frequency percentage scale of positive response disagree 134 (43.1%) and strongly disagree
173(55.62%) not encouraging entrepreneurs to be financially dependent in ACSI is 43.1% and 55.62%
respectively. In other words, the frequency percentage scale of disagree and strongly disagree are totally
covered 55.62% over total frequency. Hence, the considerable number of the participants gave ‘strongly
disagrees response on the overall to not encouragement of entrepreneurs to be financially independent in
37
ACSI. The rest respondents suggestion is concluded under semi agree, 4(1.28) while the next decisions
like agrees and strongly agree 0(0).
4.4.4. The ACSI focus only on the giving credit service rather than the entrepreneurs
The frequency percentage scale of negative response (disagree) and (Strongly disagree) on the giving
credit availability source of fund is only (Strongly disagree 177(56.91%). Hence, disagree) 100 (32.15%)
the majority of the participants gave ‘disagree’ response on the availability credit service rather than
entrepreneurs in ACSI. The next respondents are agree 18(5.8%), semi agree also 14(4.5%) strongly dis
agree is that 2(0.64%)
The percentage of the respondents are encompasses 56.91% which also represent ‘disagree’ response on
their attention of ACSI credit gave rather than entrepreneurs financial adequate. The result also indicates
the respondents perceive that ACSI do not attention to entrepreneurs to satisfy.
The frequency percentage scale is that negative response (disagree145 (46.62 and (Strongly disagree147
(47.28%)) according to this respondents the credit which get from ACSI is discouraging entrepreneurs to
be financially independent in ACSI is semi agree 10(3.21) were as strongly agree is that 9(2.89%)
respectively. But no on agree statements. In other words, the frequency percentage scale .the respondents
that criticize that a person whose use ASCI is never stay as the previous life existence. Hence more than
half respondents suggestion fail between disagree and strongly disagree are totally occupied 47.26% over
total frequency. Hence, the considerable number of the participants gave ‘Strongly disagree’ response on
the overall not to Promote of entrepreneurs to be financially independent in ACSI
38
Table 4.2. 4:- Total summarize of questions survey
Frequency Per
Measure Strong cen
Variable Semi Strongly
ments Agree ly Disagreed tag
Agree Disagreed
Agree e
Number’s 6 8 149(47.9 100
Job Create opportunities 5 (1.6%) 143(45.98)
(1.92%) (2.6%) %) %
Helps existing business Number’s 3(0.96 6(1.92% 147(47.19
- 155(49.92%) S
growth %) ) %)
satisfied financially Number’s 4(1.28% 134(43.1
- - 173(55.62%) 100
independent ) %) %
The ACSI focus only on the Number’s
158(5.8 2(0.64 14(4.5 100(32.15
giving credit service rather 177(56.91%) 100
%) %) %) %) %
than the entrepreneurs
The credit you get from Number’s
9(2.89 10(3.21 145(46.62
ACSI is Promote economic - 147(47.26%) 100
%) %) %) %
growth
Source; - field survey 2018
Here more respondents are reacted around disagree and strongly disagree. Hence the credit which gave to
entrepreneurs is not enough to changing his/her business well. According to the respondents, the crises
more than their benefits as we understand from the above table
39
Table 4.2. 4.1: The general summation respondents’ level of extent employment opportunities are
created by the entrepreneurs
Meas Frequency
Percent
Variable urem Strongl Semi- Disagre Strongly
Agree age
ents y Agree Agree e Dis Agree
To What In No % N % N % No % No % 100%
extent numb o o
employment ers 7 2.2 4 1.3 6 1.92 13 43. 159 51.13
opportunities 5% % % 5 4% %
are created by
the
entrepreneurs
Source;-field trip survey 2018
This table shows beneficiaries of entrepreneurs.so if the government sees critically it’s very important.
The entrepreneurs are no more beneficiary from ACSI rather than defected their life. But some things are
better than nothing.
40
Figure 4. 4 : - Job creation opportunity.
60.00%
50.00%
40.00%
30.00%
20.00% agree
strongly disagree strongly agree
10.00%
disagree semi-agree
0.00% semi-agree disagree
strongly agree strongly disagree
ty
u ni th t agree
rt r ow den ur
s y
o g n e
p ss pe en em
op e e r co
n
n in d p
atio b us sfy ntre tee
cr
e n ati e o
b n gi ials
s on r om
jo c p
isti an oc
u SI
ex fin IS f AC
AC
From the above figure we consider the ACSI efforts towards create job opportunity to
entrepreneurs. There no more strong relationship between MSSE and ACSI when the
entrepreneurs cooperated. Because of no regulation between them .which ties each other. Both
can run for the only their office benefit rather than provide financial entrepreneurs.
41
Table 4. 6: -The general summery of all questions
Frequency
Questionaries’ Strongly Strongly Percentage
Agree Semi-Agree Disagree
Agree Disagree
Supply appropriate financial
0 0 25(8) 37(11.9) 249(80.1) 100%
services
ACSI services are equal accessibility
9(2.9) 33(10.61) 53(17.04) 89(28.62) 127(40.83) 100%
for all entrepreneurs
Criteria Provide diversified financial
- 30(9.2) 39(13) 186(59) 56(18) 100%
service to the entrepreneurs
ACSI has provide dependable
14(4.65) - 16(5.14) 68(21.86) 213(68.5) 100%
financial service to the entrepreneurs
ACSI criteria promote equal
9(2.9) 15(4.82) 18(5.8) 160(51.44) 109(35.04) 100%
accessibility for all entrepreneurs.
Provide diversified financial services 201(64.63%
- - 13(4.18%) 97(31.19%) 100%
to the entrepreneurs )
ACSI Provide dependable financial 153(49.19%
1(0.32%) 6(1.92%) 5(1.6%) 146(46.97%) 100%
services from the previous )
entrepreneurs create opportunities to 109(35.98%
7(2.27%) 35(11.25%) 60(19.29%) 100(32.15%) 100%
unemployment )
MSSE and ACSI have inter 143(45.68%
1(0.32%) 3(0.96%) 30(9.64%) 134(43.1%) 100%
relationships due to giving credit )
An ACSI monitoring and evaluate 143(45.98%
7(2.25%) 1(3.55%) 11(3.53%) 139(44.69%) 100%
the entrepreneurs )
The criteria set for getting credit are
3(0.98) 19(6.1) 14(4.5) 104(33.44) 171(54.98) 100%
not too harsh
42
Frequency
Questionaries’ Strongly Strongly Percentage
Agree Semi-Agree Disagree
Agree Disagree
The collateral requirement is easy to
3(0.98) 19(6.1) 14(4.5) 100(32.15) 175(56.27) 100%
fulfill
The collateral is not challenge credit
2(0.64) 5(1.6) 10(3.21) 143(46) 151(48.55) 100%
access to entrepreneurs
I Satisfy at the criteria of ACSI to
9(2.9) 11(5.47) 17(5.47) 135(43.4) 139(44.7) 100%
getting credit service
character-based and collateral free
0 0 3(0.96) 99(31.84) 209(67.2) 100%
lending system
43
CHAPTER FIVE:
The result of a likert scale measurement further indicated that, ACSI failed to: promote all kinds
of businesses of entrepreneurs’, effectively against poverty, make alliance with commercial
banks and filed to work for continuous development and stability.
44
5.2. Conclusions
5.3. Recommendations
Based up on the study‘s findings and conclusions the following recommendations are proposed
for action.
ACSI needs to treat entrepreneurs at different level to encourage in different ways like
providing fairness of access and revised to collateral mechanism, financial incentives,
fulfilling the necessary equipment’s and the regulation of both MSSE and ACSI common
share responsibility to accomplishment of operations;
ACSI must enhance its entrepreneur’s capacity and bring promoted beneficiary in order
to eradicate poverty and promote the welfare of entrepreneurs;
ACSI needs to exert its effort on improving the entrepreneurs about the loan, give
uninterrupted criteria related with credit and utilizing of the loan on business activities;
ACSI needs to design and implement strong credit risk management policy so as to
minimize default rate;
ACSI needs to create awareness so that customers willingly assist the institution by
giving required personal information that will help build strong relationship with the
businesses;
If Effort should be done to provide loans at reasonable with fair interest rate.
It is better if the level of access to credit is fairly addressed to entrepreneurs.
The criteria for collateral credit required some correction.
The rules and regulation of MSSE and ACSI should be tied share some common
responsibility and accountability about benefit and unbenefits of entrepreneurs.
It is better if age boundary will be revised to be offer equal jobless and unemployment’s.
45
If minimize heterogeneity of cooperative entrepreneurs, in terms of age, experience,
education level,
If MSSE office addressed fact information to entrepreneurs payback and their deposits
interest rate when they corporate entrepreneurs.
Avoid hidden rent seeking through integrating rules and regulation
The percentage payback of the credit ought to be clearly portrait to the borrowers fairly.
If the feasibility of business should be not ordered ACSI, as it comfort them not being
accountable.
If avoid/supervise by neutral supervision which hidden interest rate, insurance, etc.
The office ought to be hold under the government structure the entrepreneurs economical
defect may be minimize.
46
REFERENCE
ADB (2000), Asian Development Bank
Addis Credit and Saving Institution. (2014). Retrieved August 24, 2017, from Addis Credit and
Saving Institution: http://adcsi.org/en/about-us
Alemut(2002): www.hisoryof credit repaymentperformance.com
Alemayehu, O., & Fenet, B. (2016). Performance of Formal Rural Financial Institutions in
Ethiopia: Country Review. Journal of Poverty, Investment and Development , 27 (1), 12-24.
Addis Credit and Saving Institution. (2014). Retrieved August 24, 2017, from Addis Credit and
Saving Institution: http://adcsi.org/en/about-us
Alemayehu, O., & Fenet, B. (2016). Performance of Formal Rural Financial Institutions in Ethiopia:
Country Review. Journal of Poverty, Investment and Development , 27 (1), 12-24
Anne Perkins (2008), Short History of Micro Finance, www.theguardian.com CSA (1999),
Central Statistical Agency Report, Ethiopia
Degefe Duressa (2009), Microfinance in Ethiopia, Ethiopia
Duval (1996) www.characteristcsofindividuallendingmodel.com
Gibbons, Davis S (1992), The Grameen Reder, 2nd edition, The Grameen Bank
Godiqine (2004), Microfinance Repayment Performance in Bangladesh, Bangladesh .IDS
Institute of Development Studies
Khandiker, Shahidur R (1995), Grameen Bank Performance and Sustainability, World Bank,
Washington
Ledgerwood (1999), Microfinance: An institutional and Financial Perspective
Maria Otero (1994), the New World of Microenterprise
Mengistu B (1997), Determinants of Micro Enterprise Loan Repayment and Efficiency of
Screening Mechanisms in Ethiopia, Ethiopia
Olomola (2000), Determinates of Small Holder Loan Repayment Performance
Pindback (1981), Economics Forecast, 2nd edition. McGraw Mill Book Company, New York.
Rechard C. (1948): Farm Planning as Basic for Extending Agricultural Credit.
Reinke (1996), Altering Models for Micro credit in South Africa, South Africa
Robert Peck Christen (1997), www.centerforfinancialinclusion.org
Von Pischke (1991), Debt Capacity and the Role of Credit in the Private Economy World Bank,
(2008)
47
APPENDIX
Questionnaire
Administration
Dear respondents,
The purpose of this study is to assess the accessibility of credit, criteria, changing income f
entrepreneurs and job creation opportunity of Addis Credit and Saving Institution (ACSI) in
provision of financial service to entrepreneurs’ .To this end, the study intends to gather data from
selected participants’ entrepreneurs’ questionnaire. The participation is fully voluntary and
responses will be confidential.
I would appreciate your favorable consideration in completing the questionnaire and assisting me
in the research endeavor.
In case if you have any queries do not hesitate to call me at +251910963740 or forward your
message via mail shelemzewde1@gmail.com.
48
Rift Valley University
Questionnaire to be fill by Entrepreneurs who’s new organized to get credit from ACSI
Dear Respondents,
49
Measurement of access ACSI to entrepreneurs
N.B = A=Agree
N =Newtral
SA=strongly agree
DA=Disagree
The criteria set for getting credit are not too harsh
50
Questions for entrepreneur’s SA A N DA SDA
The collateral is not challenge credit access to
entrepreneurs
I Satisfy at the criteria of ACSI to getting credit
service
character-based and collateral free lending system
Create employment opportunities
Helps existing business growth of entrepreneurs
entrepreneur to be satisfied financially independent
The ACSI focus only on the giving credit service
rather than the entrepreneurs
ACSI is Promote economic growth
51
1. የምላሾቹ የኋላ ታሪክ
1. ፆታ A) ወ B) ሴ
3. የትምህ ደረጃ; A) የቀለም ትምህርት B) 1 ኛ ደረጃ (1-8) C) 2 ኛ ደረጃ (9-10) D)መሰናዶ ት/ት
(11-12) E)ቴክኒክና ሙያ F) BA/BSC ና ከዚያ በላይ
52
ለኢንቴርፕሮች የአዲስ ብድር ተቋም ተደራሽነት መለኪያ ጥያቄ
53
አገልግሎት ይሰጣል‹
ዋስትናብቻ ላይ ያልተንጠለጠለ ብድር ይሰጣል፡
አዲስ ብድር ተቋም መስፈርቶቹ ለኢንተርፕራይዞች
አመቺ ነዉ‹፡
የዋስትና ብድር ተደራሽነቱ ኢንተርፕራይዞች
አያስቸግሪም
አዲስ ብድር ተቋም የሚያስፈልገዉ ዋስትና
ለማሟላት ቀላል ነዉ፡
ብድር የሚያስገኝ መስፈርት ብዙም የሚብድ
አይደለም
አዲስ ብድር የኢኮኖሚ እድገት ያረጋግጣል
አዲስ ብድር ተቋም የሰጠዉን ብድር ላይ ሳይሆን
ኢንተርፕራይዞች ላይ ትኩረት ያደርጋል
ኢንተርፕራይዞች ከአዲስ ብድር ተቋም በሚያገኙ
ብድር በገቢያቸዉ ደስተኞች ናቸዉ
አዲስ ብድር ተቋም የኢንተርፕራይዞች ስራ ያሳድጋል
አዲስ ብድር ተቋም ለተቃጣሪ ጥሩ ስራ የፈጥራል
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54
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ስለተደራጃችሁ እናመሰግናለን
55