READINGS IN THE PHILIPPINE HISTORY

PART I

1. History is derived from the Greek word “Historia” meaning “inquiry.”

 Dr. Zeus Salazar-Mga Pangayari na may saysay para sa grupo ng taong

sinasalaysayan nito.
 Carr-This is study of human achievements.

2. Historiography- Art of writing or writing of history.

 Dr. Zeus Salazar-Father of New Philippine Historiography.

 Teodoro Agoncillo-He used Filipino standpoint in writing Philippine History.

3. Historical Approaches

 Positivism-Nakabatay ito sa verifiable data. May observable facts or evidences

dapat.
 New Historicism-Ini-interpret ang kasaysayan through facts from all perspectives.

4. Historical Sources- They are used by the historians in writing the history.

 Primary Source-Dapat naisulat within few minutes; Directly experienced o nakita,

naramdaman o nasaksiha; Ito rin ay dapat original. Examples are: Diary, Letter,
Photographs, Documentary Film.
 Secondary Source-Intepretation ni Primay source, not original. Halimbawa,
kinuwento sayo ng friend mo kung paano nangyari ang sunog. Ikaw ay
secondary source na. Examples are: Reviews, Articles, Online Journals.

5. External Criticism-Authenticity of the document. (Physical characteristics ng

document like kung paano naisulat at kalian naisulat)

6. Internal Criticism-Credibility and truthfulness of the document. (Kabilang ditto kung

credible ba si writer para magsulat)
 PART II

1. Customs of Tagalog- Written by Juan de Plasensia. This is all about the practices
of Tagalogs. This talks about the everyday living of the ancient Filipinos, including their
social status, customs, beliefs, and traditions.

2. Kartilya ng Katipunan- Written by Emilio Jacinto, the Brain of the Katipunan. It is

the code of conduct of the Katipuneros.

 13 teachings
 1 advice

3. Vedadero De Catalogo-Isinulat ni Bonifacio at pagkatapos ay pinalitan ng Kartiy

ng Katipunan.

4. Works of Juan Luna and Fernando Amorsolo

 Juan Luna- He is known for his painting Spoliarium. The largest painting in the
Philippines.
 Fernando Amorsolo-Painter of the Philippine Sunlight and Planting of Rice.

5. Act of the Philippine Independence

 Julian Felipe- composer of the lyrics of the Philippine National Anthem.

 Jose Palma- wrote the lyrics of the Philippine National Anthem.
 Sino ang nagwagayway ng watawat? It was Bautista who waved the
Philippine Flag. Si Bautista ang nagsulat ng act of declaration.
 The Act Declaration of Independence was writte, prepared and read by
Ambrosio Rianzares Bautista.

6. Political Cartoons: Political Caricature of America- This shows subtle

discontentment.

 Alfred Mccoy-American Author

 Alfred Marcos-Philippine author

7. Filipino Grievances Against Governor Wood

 Filipinization Policy-Ito yung idea na government position should be occupied not

only by the Americans, but also the Filipinos. Ito ay nanggaling kay Francis
Burton. However, natanggal itong policy nang maupo si General Leonardo Wood.
Binalik nya sa dati ang pamanahala at nagkaroon ng Cabinet Crisis.

8. Corazon’s Aquino’s Speech Before the US Congress

  Corazon Aquino is known as the Mother of Democracy and first female
president in the Philippines.
 Sa kanya nagsimula ang 1987 Freedom Constitition.
 Nagdeliver sya ng Speech nya sa US Congress matapos ang ilang buwan nang
sya maging presidente sa bias ng People Power Edsa Revolution.
 Ano yung intention nya kung bakit nagdeliver sya ng speech? Una ay to express
gratitude towards the US at ang pangalawa ay to appeal for financial assistance
by informing the Americans about the state of the Philippines.

PART III

1. Site of the First Mass

 Limawasa-Pigafetta and Albo

 Masao, Butuan-Zaide

Saan ba talaga naganap? According sa National Historical Institute, sa Limasawa

naganap.

2. Cavite Mutiny- Dahil dito, pinatay ang tatlong pari na GOMBURZA noong Ferbruary
17, 2872.

There are four versions nito:

a. Jose Monterp Y Vidal- Topple the Spanish Government.

b. Governor General Izquierdo-Topple down the Spanish Government in order to put

the new king in the persons of Burgos and Zamora.

c. Trinidad Pardo de Tavera- Soldiers and workers in Cavite Arsenal ay dismayado dahil
natanggal na yung privilege na tinatamasa nila noon. Ito yung exemption sa paying of
tribute.

d. Edmund Plauchut-Discontent of the Arsenal workers in Cavite Fort.

3. Rizal’s Retraction-It claims that Rizal signed a document stating that he was a
Catholic and retracted all his writings against the church. Ang retraction issue na ito ay
nagsimula dahil sa publication ni Retana.

4. Cry of Pugadlawin or Cry Balintawak?

 Cry of Balintawak: August 26, 1896-Masangkay

  Cry of Pugadlawin: August 23, 1896- Valenzuela- Ito na yung ni-rerecognize
ng National Historical Institute na ang First Philippine Cry of the Revolution ay
nangyari sa Pugad Lawin nung August 23, 1896.

5. Agrarian Reform of the Philippines

 RA 6657: Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Law under Corazon Aquino

 RA 8532-Amended CARL and extended the program for another 10
years under Ramos.
 RA 9700: Comprehensive Agrarian Reform Program Extension with
Reforms (CARPER) . It extended the deadline for another 5 years under
Arroyo.

OTHER INFORMATION

MAGELLAN’S FIRST VOYAGE AROUND THE WORLD AND MIGUEL LOPEZ DE LEGAZPI’S
EXPEDITION
Antonio Pigafetta- the chronicler of Magellan’s expedition.
Trinidad- flagship of Magellan
Archipelago of St. Lazarus- the name given by Magellan in the Philippines.
Fr. Pedro Valderrama- the Spanish priest who celebrated the first mass.
Raia Humabon- the first Filipino to be baptized as a Christian.
Lapu-Lapu- king of Mactan when Magellan came and the first Filipino to resist against
foreign invaders.
Battle of Mactan- battle known in our history as the first successful Filipino armed
resistance against foreign invaders.
Victoria- the only flagship which was able to return in Spain during Magellan’s
expedition.
Queen Juana- the first Filipino woman to accept Christianity.
Enrique de Malacca- a Malay slave and interpreter who accompanied Magellan.
Raia Siaui (Raia Siagu)- King of Butuan when Magellan came.
Raia Humabon- King of Cebu when Magellan came.
Raia Lapu-Lapu and Raia Zulla- chiefs of Mactan when Magellan came.
Raia Culambu- King of Limasawa.
Culambu- Magellan Blood Compact- first recorded blood compact in the Phil. History.
Cross- erected by Magellan from Cebu to mark the conversion of the Filipinos.
Cebu- first Spanish sett;ement
Panay-second Spanish settlement.
Loaisa expedition- first Spanish expedition after Magellan.
Miguel Lopez de Legazpi- first Spanish governor-general in the Philippines and the
founder of Manila.
Bohol- it is the place where Legazpi-Sikatuna blood compact was held.
June 24, 1571- complete date of the founding of Manila.
Fr. Urdaneta- Spanish priest who went with Legazpi in his expedition.
Distinguished and Ever Loyal City- the name given by Legazpi to Manila.

SIGNIFICANCE OF MAGELLAN’S EXPEDITION

a. Europeans learned the existence of the Philippines.
b. It established the vastness of the Pacific Ocean.
c. It showed that the Americas were really separated from Asia.
d. The voyage paved the way to Spanish Colonization and Christianization of the
Philippines.
e. It paved the way for contacts between the Philippines and Western Civilizations.

PROPAGANDA/REFORM MOVEMENT
-Reforms- the main aim of Propaganda Movement.
-Assimilation will be accomplished in a peaceful manner.
-The reformists believed in the power of words and not of swords.
-Refomists wanted the Philippines to become a province of Spain.
What are the reasons?
a. As a province of Spain, Filipinos can propose and participate in the approval of laws.
b. As a province of Spain, Filipinos would be free from paying unreasonable taxes and
get the privileges enjoyed by the Spaniards.
FAMOUS TRIUMVIRATE OF THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT
a. Dr. Jose Rizal-
-He wrote the great novels: Noli Me Tangere and El Filibusterismo.
-Wrote his first poem at the age of 8.
b. Graciano Lopez Jaena
-The Great Orator
- Founded the La Solidaridad
- He wrote Fray Botod, La Hija del Fraile and Honor en Filipinas.
c. Marcelo H. Del Pillar
- He Founded the Diariong Tagalog which is the first bilingual newspaper written in
Spanish and Tagalog.
- He took over the editorship of La Solidaridad.
THE FOUNDING OF KATIPUNAN MARKED THE END OF THE PROPAGANDA MOVEMENT

LA LIGA FILIPINA
-When Rizal returned to Philippines after his second travel to abroad, he organized a
socio-civic organization and this organization was La Liga Filipina.
AIMS OF LA LIGA FILIPINA
-To unite the archipelago into one compact.
-Mutual protection for all.
-Defense against all violence and injustice.
- Encouragement of instruction, agriculture and commerce.
-Study and application of reforms.

THE FOUNDING OF KATIPUNAN\

-It was founded on July 7, 1892 at Azcarraga Street (now Claro M. recto)
-When Rizal was deported to Dapitan, Andres Bonifacio and other members founded
the Katipunan by performing the ancient blood compact and signed their membership
papers with their own blood.

OBJECTIVES OF KATIPUNAN
-Political: Complete separation of Philippines from Spain.
- Moral: revolved around the teaching of good manners
-Civic: revolved around the principle of self-help.

MEMBERSHIP
Grade one: KATIPON- Wore a black hood during meetings of the society.
Grade two:KAWAL- Wore a green hood with a triangle consisting of white lines.
Grade three: BAYANI- Wore a red mask and a sash with green borders.

Andres Bonifacio
- The founder of the Katipunan, the father of the katipunan and the supremo of
the Katipunan.
- He had two wives; MONICA AND GREGORIA DE JESUS.
Emilio Jacinto
- Brains of the Katipunan
- He wrote the Kartilla ng Katipunan.
- He edited the Ang Kalayaan, Katipunan’s newspaper.
Fr. Mariano Gil- Spanish priest who learned the Katipunan’s secret activites.
Teodoro Patiῆo- He revealed the secrets of Katipunan to Spanish authorities.
 FILIPINO
1. Ito ang pinakamahalagang kasangkapan ng tao sa pakikipagtalastasan.
--a. Wika
b. Pagbasa
c. Pagsulat
d. Lahat ng nabanggit.
2. _______ang tawag sa pinakamaliit nay unit ng tunog.
--a. Ponema
b. Morpema
c. Ponolohiya
d. Morpolohiya.
3. _______ang tawag sa pinakamaliit na yunit ng salita.
a. Ponema
--b. Morpema
c. Ponolohiya
d. Morpolohiya.
4. Ano ang tawag sa makaagham na pag-aaral ng tunog?
a. Ponema
b. Morpema
--c. Ponolohiya
d. Morpolohiya.
5. Ano ang tawag sa makaagham na pag-aaral ng pangungusap?
a. Ponema
b. Morpema
c. Ponolohiya
--d. Morpolohiya.
6. Bakit sinasabi na ang wika ay ARBITRARYO?
a. Dahil ito ay binubuo ng makabuuhang tunog.
--b. Dahil ito ay nauunawaan at nakapagkasusunduan ng isang lahi o pangkat.
c. Dahil ito ay nagsisilbing pandilat upang ang mga tao ay magsama-sama.
c. Dahil ito ay nakaayos sa tiyak na balangkas.
7. Isa sa mga katangian ng wika ay nagbabago. Alin sa mga sumusunod ang
nagpapaliwanag tungkol dito?
a. Ang wika ay nagbabago dahil ito ay maaaring nadaragdagan ng bagong bokabularyo.
b. Ang wika ay nagbabago dahil may mga salitang nawawala at hindi na ginagamit sa
paglipas ng panahon.
c. Ang wika ay nagbabago dahil may mga salitang nagbabago ang kahulugan batay sa
paggamit nito.
--d. Lahat ng nabanggit.
8. Ang wika ay KAGILA-GILALAS dahil _______________________.
a. ito ay nagsisilbing kasangkapan upang magkaunawaan ang mga tao.
b. ito ay malikhain.
c. ito ay nilikha ng ating aparato sa pagsasalita.
--d. may mga salita na kay hirap pa rin ipaliwanag.
9. “Bakit eggplant ang tawag sa talong, wala naman itong itlog?” Ang pangungusap na
ito ay nagpapatunay na ang wika ay _____________________.
a. Malikhain
b. Dinamiko
-c. Kagila-gilalas
d. Makapangyarihan.
10. Ayon sa teoryang ito, ang wika ay ng tao ay maaring nagmula sa panggagaya ng
mga tunog sa kalikasan.
a. Pooh-pooh
b. Yo-he-ho
--c. Bow-wow
d. Ta-ta
11. Ang wika ay maaaring nagmula sa masidhing damdamin at emosyon ayon sa
teoryang___________.
--a. Pooh-pooh
b. Yo-he-ho
c. Bow-wow
d. Ta-ta
12. Ayon sa teoryang Yo-he-ho, ang wika ay maaaring nagmula sa ________________.
a. Paggaya ng dila sa iba’t ibang galaw ng kamay.
--b. Paggamit ng pwersang pisikal.
c. Tunog at kilos ng katawan.
d. Tulong mga sinanunang tao kapag sila ay nagsasagawa ng ritwal.
13. Alin sa mga sumusunod ang HINDI KABILANG o halimbawa ng teoryang Yo-he-ho.
a. Pagbubuhat ng mga mabibigat na bagay.
b. Pakikipagsuntukan.
c. Panganganak ng isang ina.
--d. Wala sa nabanggit.
14. Isa sa mga kahalagahan ng wika ay nagsisilbing instrument ng komunikasyon. Ito
ay nahahati sa dalawa; mircro level at macro level. Kung ang wika ay nasa micro level.
Ano ang ibig sabihin nito?
---a. ang dalawang tao ay nagkakaunawaan sa pamamagitan ng epektibong paggamit
ng wika.
b. ang mga bansa ay gumagamit ng komon na wika upang magkaunawaan.
c. ang isang tao ay nakapagpapagana ng kanyang imahinasyon.
d. ang isang tao ay nakapagpapahayag ng kanyang emosyon o damdamin.
15. Kung ang wika ay nasa macro level. Ano ang ibig sabihin nito?
a. ang dalawang tao ay nagkakaunawaan sa pamamagitan ng epektibong paggamit ng
wika.
---b. ang mga bansa ay gumagamit ng komon na wika upang magkaunawaan.
c. ang isang tao ay nakapagpapagana ng kanyang imahinasyon.
d. ang isang tao ay nakapagpapahayag ng kanyang emosyon o damdamin.
16. “Magandang umaga sa iyo aking kaibigan!”
“Maligayang kaaarawan!
Ang mga pangungusap na nasa ibabaw ay kabilang sa anong tungkulin ng wika?
a. Regulatori
b. Personal
---c. Interaksyunal
d. Heuristik.
17. Si Harold ay naghahanap o nanghihingi ng mga impormasyon para sa kanyang
isinasagawang pananaliksik. Anong tungkulin ng wika ito?
a. Regulatori
b. Personal
c. Interaksyunal
--d. Heuristik.
18. “Bawal umihi dito.” Ang babalang ito ay kabilang sa anong tungkulin ng wika?
a. Impormatib
---b. Regulatori
c. Heuristik
d. Personal.
19. Si Mark Vince ay nagsulat ng kanyang liham pangangalakal at ipinadala nya ito sa.
Anong tungkulin ng wika ang ginamit ni Mark Vince?
---a. Instrumental
b. Personal
c. Heuristik
d. Interaksyunal
20. Ito ang salitang istandard dahilo kinikilala, tinatanggap at ginagamit ng higit na
nakararami lalo na ang mga nakapag-aral ng wika.
---a. Pormal
b. Di-Pormal
c. Kolokyal
d. Balbal
21. Ito ang mga salitang karaniwang ginagamit sa mga aklat pangwika na nauunawaan
ng lahat.
--a. Pambansa
b. Pampanitikan
c. Lalawiganin
d. Balbal
22. Ano ang tawag sa mga salitang karaniwang ginagami ng mga manunulat sa akdang
pampanitikan?
a. Pambansa
---b. Pampanitikan
c. Lalawiganin
d. Balbal
23. Si Junjun ay gumamit ng mga salitang AMA, INA at ASAWA sa kanyang aklat na
inilathala. Ang mga salitang nabanggit ay halimbawa ng__________.
a. Pampanitikan
b. Lalawiganin
c. Kolokyal
---d. Pambansa
24. Siya ay isang ALAGAD NG BATAS. Ang pangungusap na ito ay halimbawa
ng___________.
---a. Pampanitikan
b. Lalawiganin
c. Balbal
d. Pambansa
25. Ito ay salitang karaniwan, palasak, pang-araw-araw na madalas gamitin sa
pakikipag-usap sa kakilala o kaibigan.
a. Pormal
---b. Di-Pormal
c. Balbal
d. Kolokyal
26. “Nasa’n na ba ang aking mahal?” Ang pangungusap na ito ay isang halimbawa ng
________.
a. Balbal
---b. Kolokyal
c. Lalawiganin
d. Pampanitikan
27. “Was ko bet ang magjoin joonchik.” Ito ay halimbawa ng_______.
---a. Balbal
b. Kolokyal
c. Lalawiganin
d. Pambansa
28. Ito ang bokabularyong dayalektal.
a. Balbal
b. Kolokyal
---c. Lalawiganin
d. Pambansa
29. Kolokyal: pagpapaikli ng isa o dalawang pang salita
Balbal:______________________.
---a. salitang kalye, salitang lansangan at salitang kanto.
b. pagpapahaba ng isa o dalawa pang salita.
c. salitang walang katumbas sa ibang lalawigan o pook.
d. paggamit ng mga pormal na salita.
30. Siya ay isang lespu. Anong antas ng wika ang “lespu?”
a. Balbal
b. Kolokyal
c. Lalawiganin
d. Pambansa

PART II.

31. Kilala si Mike Enriquez, na isang news anchor sa kanyanng “Hindi namin kayo
tatantanan!” Ang kanyang ekspresyon o indibidwal na pagsasalita ay kabilang sa anong
varayti ng wika?
a. Sosyololek
b. Ekolek
c. Etnolek
---d. Idyolek
32. Ano ang tawag sa varayti ng wika na nabubuo batay sa dimensyong sosyal o
panlipunan? Ang mga halimbawa nito ay ang wika ng mga mag-aaaral, kabataan,
mayayaman at matatanda.
a. Ekolek
b.Etnolek
c. Jargon
---d. Sosyolek
33. Tinatawag sa Ingles na nobody’s native language.
a. Register
--b. Pidgin
c. Creole
d. Jargon
34. Isang wika na unang naging pidgin at naging likas na wika. Ang halimbawa nito ay
Chavacano.
a. Register
b. Pidgin
---c. Creole
d. Jargon
35. Ang paraan ng pananagalog ng mga Instik gaya ng, “Suki, ikaw bili paninda ko” ay
isang halimbawa ng____________.
a. Register
---b. Pidgin
c. Creole
d. Jargon
36. Ano ang tawag sa varayti ng wika na ginagamit lamang sa partikular na propesyon?
a. Register
b. Pidgin
c. Creole
---d. Jargon
37. ETNOLEK: nadebelop mula sa etnolinggwistikong grupo.
EKOLEK:_____________
--a. kadalasang sinsasalita sa loob ng tahanan.
b. Kadalasang ginagamit sa pormal na sitwasyon.
c. Pampersonal na paggamit ng wika.
d. Wala sa nabanggit.
38. Ito ay ang komunikasyon na ginagamitan ng wika na maaaring pasalita o pasulat.
--a. Berbal
b. Di-berbal
c. Linggwistik
d. Barsasyon ng wika
39. Ito ay ang paghahatid ng mensahe na walang paggamit ng wika.
a. Berbal
--b. Di-berbal
c. Linggwistik
d. Barsasyon ng wika
40. Nakita ni Marka ang kanyang crush na si Jonathan at kinindatan nya ito. Anong uri
ng di-berbal ang ginamit ni Marka?
a. Kinesika
b. Haptiks
--c. Oculesics
d. Iconics
41. Ito ay isang uri ng di-berbal na tumutukoy sa kilos at galaw ng katawan. Hindi man
tayo nagsasalita, ngunit sa pamamagitan ng ating kilos ay ating naipapahayag ang
mensaheng nais nating iparating sa iba.
a. Paralanguage
---b. Kinesika
c. Oculesics
d. Iconics
42. Ang mga mananalumpati ay gumagamit ng body gestures. Ang paggamit ng body
gestures ay kabilang sa anong uri ng di-berbal?
a. Paralanguage
---b. Kinesika
c. Oculesics
d. Iconics
43. Hinaplos lamang ni Aljohn ang kamay ni Jose at agad nyang nakuha ang
mensaheng nais nyang iparating. Anong uri ng di-berbal ito?
---a. Haptiks
b. Objektiks
c. Paralanguage
d. Iconics
44. KRONEMIKS: mensahe galling sa oras
ICONICS:____________
a. tono ng tinig
---b. simbulo
c. galaw ng mata
d. pang-amoy
45. Sa tuwing iwinawagayway ang watawat ng Pilipinas, inilalagay ng mga mag-aaral
ang kanilang kamay sa dibdib. Anong uri ng di-berbal ito?
a. Kronemiks
---b. Iconics
c. Haptiks
d. Oculesics
46. Nang sumapit na ang alas singko ng hapon, agad nang umuwi ang mga mag-aaral.
Anong uri ng di-berbal ang ginamit sa pangungusap na ito?
---a. Kronemiks
b. Iconics
c. Haptiks
d. Oculesics
 ART APPRECIATION
 Art is derived from the Latin term “ars” which means skill, talent, or ability. It
also uses creative skill and imagination.

Functions of Art
 Art as Personal-for self expression or gratification.
 Art as Social-collective life
 Art as Physical-for physical functions.
Assumptions of Art
 Art as Universal- Timeless
 Art is Not Nature-Man’s expression of his reception of nature.
 Art involves Experience-Actual doing of something.
Classifications of Art
 Verbal- Oral literature
 Non-Verbal-Fashion, Photography
 Mixed Art- Theater, Drama

Applied Art- Ibig sabihin may application or gamit ang art sa pang-araw-araw.
Halimbawa ang mga upuan at lamesa.
Fine Art-Wala syang ibang gamit maliban na lang sa ginagamit para lang
pampaganda sa mata.

THREE PARTS OF A WORK OF ART

 Subject- Ito yung literal na dinedepict ng isang artwork. Halimbawa may
painting na ang nakalagay ay aso. So yan ang subject.
Two types of Subject
a. Representationa art- recognizable sya. Real objects and Scenes.
b. Non-representational art-usually ay abstract ito at kadalasan parang wala
syang nirerepresent kasi napakahirap intindihan kung ano yung subject nya.
Imagine yung abstract painting na puro lines lang.

 Content- ito naman yung behind meaning ng isang artwork. Ito na yung
emotional and intellectual messages.
 Form- Ito naman yung over-all organization.

ELEMENTS OF ARTS
a. Line- Ito ay gawa ng endless points or dots. It is a path of a point moving through
space.
b. Shape- Kung ang line ay pinagconnect-connect sa isa’t isa at nagkaroon ng
enclosed space, mabubuo ang shape. Ito ay 2 dimensional- Height and Width. Example
ng shape ay triangle, square, star.
c. Form- Ang form ay parang shape. Ang pinagkaiba nila, ang form ay 3 dimensional
na sya-Height, Width and Length. Sa form kasi, nakikita mo sya kahit anong side.
Halimbawa yung square, iyan ay isang shape. Magiging form ito kung gagawing parang
cube. Imagine yung rubix cube, kahit saang angle ka, makikita mo yung form.
d. Color- Derived from the light, either natural or artificial.
Primary Colors- Blue, Red and Yellow (BRY)
Secondary Colors- Mabubuo ito kung paghahaluin ang 2 primary colors.
Intermediate color- One primary color plus one secondary color, ang mabubuo ay
intermediate color.
e. Value- lightness and darkness of a color.
f. Space- how artwork uses or depicts depth or distance.
g. Texture-how objects actually feel or the way they look like they would feel.

Some important points:

Paul Cezanne- Greatest Impressionist and the Father of the Modern Art.
Cubism-Invented by Pablo Picasso and Georges Braque.
Vincent Van Gogh- Father of Expressionism.
Leonardo Da Vinci- The Last Supper and Mona Lisa
Michelangelo Buonarroti- Sistine Chapel and Creation of Adam
 LIFE AND WORKS OF RIZAL

 Republic Act 1425- The Rizal Law

 Claro M. Recto-Supporter
 Laurel-Writer/Proponent of the Bill
 Rizal is a shortened form of Spanish word “second crop.”
 Teodora Alonso- First teacher ni Rizal.
 Concepcion- Known as Concha who died at the age of 3. Ito yung first sorrow
ni Rizal.
 Paciano-Older brother of Rizal and served as Rizal’s guardian while he was
studying in Spain.
 11 sila magkakapatid at ika-pito si Rizal. Just remember the 7/11.

Background of RA 1425
 Claro M. Recto (Father of Rizal Law) who named as socialist and enemy of
Catholicism First section of the law concerns in the mandating the students to
read Rizal's novels.
 The last two sections involve making Rizal's writings accessible to the general
public they require the schools to have a sufficient number of copies in their
libraries and mandate the publication of the works in major Philippine languages.
Important Contribution of Suez Canal
• Direct commercial relations with Spain instead of through Mexico (via the galloon
trade) 17 November 1869.
How Friars paved the way in creating an influence in the country’s political
system?
 no separation of government and churches.
 The Friars then became more influential and powerful because of fraiocracy or
the rule of friars (Lopez Jaena used the term trailorocacy).
Artistic Talent
 At the age of five, he began to make sketches with his pencil and to mold on
clay and wax objects.
 1865-1867 - During this time his mother taught him how to read and write. His
father hired a classmate by the name Leon Monroy who, for five months until
(monoy) death, taught Rizal the rudiments of Latin.
 Uncle Manuel Alberto - taught the latter love for nature
 Usman - Rizal’s dog
 Uncle Gregorio - instilled love for education
  Pilgrimage to Antipolo - On June 6, 1868, Jose and his father left Calamba to go
a Pilgrimage to Antipolo. - It was the first trip of Jose across Laguna de Bay.
After praying at the Shrine of Virgin of Antipolo they went to Manila.
 First Poem of Rizal - At the age of eight, he wrote his poem in the native
language entitled “Sa Aking Mga Kababata”
 1870 - His brother Paciano brought Rizal to Binan, Laguna. He was placed under
the tutelage of Justianiano Aquino Cruz, studying Latin and Spanish, in this town
he also learned art of painting under the tutorship of a painter by the name of
Juancho Carrera.
Rizal’s Early Childhood
 At the age of 3, he learned the alphabet and prayers from his mother.
 At the age of 8, wrote the poem sa aking mga Kababata.
 At the age of 9, wrote a for her mother’s birthday.
Rizal in Ateneo
 Paciano accompanied Jose to matriculate at the Ateneo de Municipal Manila. He
was refused to admit for 2 reasons. First, he was late for registration and the
second one is he appeared sickly and undersized for his age. Dahil sa tulong ni
Manuel Xerez-Burgos, nakapasok si Rizal sa Ateneo.
 Rizal became the Emperor of Carthaginian.
 Francisco de Paula Sanchez- Rizal’s teacher in Ateneo.
 Became the emperor of the class
 During his 4th year in Ateneo, he received 5 medals and graduated as
sobresaliente.
 Received the degree of Bachelor of Arts, with highest honors
University of Santo Tomas
 Took up for Philosophy and Letters during his freshman year
 Completed units in Cosmology and Metaphysics, Theodicy, History of Philosophy
with marks of Excellent
 Shifted to Medicine after completing his first year.
 Rizal's performance at the University of Santo Tomás was not as good as his
time at the Ateneo