Learn Malayalam in 30 Days Through English 9789352781355

The book primarily attempts to introduce those whose mother tongue is not
Malayalam to learning of Malayalam by the most natural and the simplest

method. It adopts the scientific approach, introducing alphabets, words,
sentences in that Order and application of these in the most common situations
of daily life. Situational sentences and conversational Sentences selected for the
book reflect the maximum possible commonness of Indian languages and Indian
culture.
LEARN MALAYALAM
IN 30 DAYS
THROUGH
ENGLISH
Chief Editor
Krishna Gopal Vikal
Editor: Malayam Edition

A. Mathew & T.Aneesan
(Globlingo)
DIAMOND BOOKS
eISBN: 978-93-5278-135-5
© Publisher
Published by : Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd.

X-30, Okhla Industrial Area, Phase-II
New Delhi-110020
Phone : 011-40712100
E-mail : ebooks@dpb.in
Website : www.diamondbook.in
Edition : 2017
Learn Malayalam in 30 Days Through English

by: Krishna Gopal Vikal/Mathew and Aneesan
Dedicated to
Dr. Ashok Ramchandra Kelkar
Renowned Philologist of India
Whose advice was the source of inspiration
A WORD FROM THE PUBLISHER
We are glad to announce that with a view to strengthening the unity of our
country, we shall be publishing the book-series ‘LEARN THE NATIONAL
LANGUAGES’ to enable people of this country to learn any Indian language
other than his mother tongue, through the medium of English.
Each book of the series will be divided in five parts. The first two parts will
cover the basic knowledge about the language concerned and the rest will be
devoted to conversational aspects and practical application of the language.
The books will be prepared under the able guidance of the well-known
author and editor of several books, Shri Krishna Gopal Vikal, who is the chief
editor of this book and he will be assisted by Shri Amitabh Dhingra. Format and
scheme of all books will be the same as that of this book and each book will be
prepared in close consultation with the topmost linguists of the language
concerned.
We hope this series will bring together the people of various parts of our
country promoting mutual understanding and fostering national unity. We hereby
present the first book ‘Diamond Malayalam Learning and Speaking Course’.
— Publisher
FORWORD
The greatest sensation of life is to learn a language. One has to closely

watch a child going through this experience, to be convinced of this. Every time
he learn a new word or construction from mother, father or other relatives, his
heart is filled with wonder, excitement, thrill and creative urge and he toys with
its various forms and tones bringing into play all the creative forces within him.
To learn a new language is to re-enter this wonderful experience of life,
opening infinite opportunities for creative action. Besides, in a fast expanding
world transcending all barriers of color, caste, religion and language, a new
language is an essential tool of life.
The book primarily attempts to introduce those whose mother tongue is not
Malayalam to learning of Malayalam by the most natural and the simplest
method. It adopts the scientific approach, introducing alphabets, words,
sentences in that order and application of these in the most common situations of
daily life. Situational sentences and conversational sentences selected for the
book reflect the maximum possible commonness of Indian languages and Indian
culture. The purpose is that the learner during the process of learning should be
sufficiently equipped to converse and transact with a very vast section of
Malayalam speaking people throughout India and abroad.
Since Malayalam is mother-tongue of about 4 crores of people and is
spoken or understood by many in India and Gulf countries, acquaintance with
this not only enables one to establish a direct communication with millions of
people, thereby promoting his career prospects and business interests, but also
gives him the spiritual satisfaction of belonging to a vast family.
The book can also be helpful to foreigners who are on visit to India as
tourists, scholars, diplomats and businessmen as it would enable them to move
about in different parts of the country transending the language barriers.
We hope the book will serve the purpose. It will be popular among the
youngsters as well as the serious language learner. We are grateful to Shri
Narendra Kumar, Director of Diamomd Pocket Books, who has wisely taken
special initiative to bring out this very useful series. We also express out
gratitude to the persons concerned with proof-reading, printing and production
of the book.
— Krishna Gopal Vikal

Amitabh Dhingra
Malayalam Editors:
Mathew & Aneesan
CONTENTS
PART-1—ALPHABET
1. Welcome you all
2. Alphabet /
3. Consonants/
4. How to Write Alphabet/
5. Vowels & Their Abbreviated Forms/
6. Conjuncts/
7. The Parts of Speech/
8. Gender/
9. Number/
10. Case & Declention of Nouns/
PART-2—WORDS
11. Pronoun/
12. Adjective/
13. Verb/
14. Tense (1)/ (1)
15. Tense (2)/ (2)
16. Voice/
17. Secondary Verbs/
18. Indeclinable/
19. Cardinal Numerals—
20. Errors in Spellings/
PART-3—CLASSIFIED SENTENCES
21. Useful Expressions/
22. Imperative Sentences/
23. Present Tense/
24. Future Tense/
25. Past Tense (1)/ (1)
26. Past Tense (2)/ (2)
27. Interrogative Sentences (1) (1)
30. Negative Sentences/
PART-4—SITUATIONALSENTENCES
31. At Home/
32. Shopping/
33. Craftsmen/
34. Foods & Drinks/ &
35. Hotel & Restaurant/
36. Post Office/Telephone/Bank/ /
/
37. While Travelling/
38. Health & Hygiene/ .
39. Weather/
40. Time/
PART-5—CONVERSATION
41. Let Us Talk /
42. Between Two Friends/
43. About Money/
44. On the Bus/
45. Asking the Way /
46. Making A Trunk Call/
47. About A Trip/

48. The Villager & The Urbanite/
49. The Doctor & The Patient/

50. Self-Introduction/
APPENDIX
Idioms & Proverbs/
Malayalam-English Dictionary/ –
Some Important Malayalam Verbs/
PART 1
ALPHABET-
(Akṣaramāla)
1ST STEP
WELCOME YOU ALL

(Ēvarkkuṃ Svāgataṃ)
This book is in your hands.
It shows that you intend to learn Malayalam. It is a matter of pleasure to us.
In Indian languages, Malayalam is very important one. And it is a spoken

by mostly by Keralite. It is a language which has vast and rich Literature.
We Welcome you all for your praise-worthy enthusiasm and fully assure
you for the success. You will move on continually-step by step until you reach
your destination. Let us start our journey.
Sentence of Greetings in Conversation:
In Malayalam, there are no separate clauses for timely salutations as in

English. E.g. - ‘Good Morning, ‘Good Evening’, ‘Good Night’ etc. We say every
time we meet (Namaskāraṃ) or (Vandanaṃ). The
people of different religions to and faiths alternatively use their own wordings
also.
While meeting ( ) Kaṇṭumuṭṭunpōḷ

Good morning, Sir! ! Namaskāraṃ Sār!
Good morning! ! Namaskāraṃ
Madam Bhavati!
Good afternoon, my Namaskāraṃ
friend ! Suhṛttē!
Good Morning My Namaskāraṃ
Brother ! Sahōdarā!
Good Morning Boss Namaskāraṃ
! Mutalāḷi!
Good Morning ! Namaskāraṃ
Comrade! Sakhāvē!
Good Morning sister! Namaskāraṃ
! Sahōdarī!
While departing ( ) Viṭapaṟayunpōḷ

Goodbye, Child! ! Pōkaṭṭe Kuññē!
Bye Bye! ! Śari Pōkaṭṭe!
Ta-Ta! ! Viṭa!
Good Bye! ! Viṭa!
Good wishes ( ) Śubhāśaṃsakaḷ

Happy Diwali! ! Dīpāvali
Āśaṃsakaḷ!
Happy Id! ! Perunnāḷ
Āśaṃsakaḷ!
Happy X-Mas ( Kristumas
! Āśaṃsakaḷ!
Happy Onam ! Ōṇāśaṃsakaḷ!
Happy New Putuvarṣāśaṃsakaḷ!
Year!
REMARKS
(Pratyēkaṃ Ōrmikkuka)
In Malayalam, all Indians can say (Namaskāraṃ) or

(Vandanaṃ). To show his absolute faith in his religion and
creed etc., a Muslim will say (Assalāmu
Alaikkuṃ). In Malayalam one can say (Suprabhātaṃ)
instead of ‘Good Morning’.
2ND STEP
ALPHABET
(Akṣaramāla)
Malayalam language is written in a particulars script. Any other South
Indian languages are not using Malayalam script.
Malayalam alphabet consists of vowels and consonants which are 15 and 36
respectively.
Here we are going to deal with vowels.
VOWELS ( ) Svaraṅṅaḷ
A Ā I Ῑ U Ū Ṛ
E Ē Ai O Ō Ou Aṃ
Aḥ
Recognise and pronounce—
In Malayalam, there are two classes of vowels.

1) Short ( ) Hṛsva and (2) long ( ) Dīrgha vowels.
i) Short vowels ( ) Hṛsva Svaraṅṅa!
A I U E O Ṛ
(ii) Long vowels ( ) Dīrgha Svaraṅṅa!
Ā Ῑ Ū Ē AI Ō Ou Aṃ Aḥ
3. Short vowels are to be pronounced short and long, Let us learn how to
pronounce vowels.
Letter Pronunciation Remarks
(Short) A Sound like short ‘A’ as in ‘sun’
(long) Ā Sound like long ‘Ā’ as in ‘fan’
(short) I Sound like short ‘I’ as in ‘ill’
(long) Ῑ Sound like long ‘Ῑ’ as in ‘see’
(short) U Sound like short ‘U’ as in ‘look’
(long) Ū Sound like long ‘Ū’ as in ‘pool’
(short) Ṛ Sound like short ‘Ṛ’ as in ‘rich’
(short) E Sound like short ‘E’ as in ‘aim’
(long) Ē Sound like long ‘Ē’ as in ‘pay’
(long) Ai Sound like long ‘Ai’ as in ‘eye’
(short) O Sound like short ‘O’ as in ‘obedient’
(long) Ō Sound like long ‘Ō’ as in ‘road’
(long) Ou Sound like long ‘Ou’ as in ‘cow’
(long) Aṃ Sound like long ‘Aṃ’ as in ‘umbrella’
(long) Aḥ Sound like long ‘Aḥ’ as in ‘ah’
REMARKS
* is different from in Pronunciation. Actually i is used in

writing only Sanskrit words. Or it is not accepted as a vowel with the
Malayalam Phonetic set-up.
* , are not vowels; but semi-consonants for the sake of
convenience, there are put among vowels.
3RD STEP
CONSONANTS
( ) Vyañjanaṅṅaḷ
As we know there are 36 consonants in Malayalam, and they have no
equivalent in English.
The consonats reproduced below in the manner in which they are generally
found in Malayalam books.
ka kha Ga Gha Ṅa
Ca Cha Ja Jha Ña
s o
Ṭa Ṭha Ḍa Ḍha Ṇa
Ta Tha Da Dha Na
Pa Pha Ba Bha Ma
Ya Ra La Va Śa Ṣa
Sa Ha Ḷa Ẕa Ṟa
1. Any vowel is inherented in every consonant sound as –
+ = (K + Ā = Kā )
+ = (K + Ῑ = Ki)
2. If any consonant is to be written where the vowel is not blended with it, the
sign (u) is used as , this sign is called samvruthaukaram
Identify and pronounce—
Ga Kha Ca Ma Na Va Ya Ḍha Ṇa
Sa Ṇa Pa Pha Ha Ra La Ja Da
Kinds of Consonants ( )
6. Basically the consonants are of five kinds
1. 2.
1. (Sparśaṃ) 2. Antasthaṃ Athavā Madhyamaṃ
3. 4. 5.
3. Ūṣmāv 4. Ghōṣi 5. Drāviḍa Madhyamaṃ
From to the first 25 consonants are known as (
) among the remaining consonants.
- / , -4
Ya Ra La Va - Antasthaṃ/Madhyamaṃ - 4
- -3
Śa Ṣa Sa – Ūṣmāv
-
Ha -Ghōṣi
- -3
Ḷa Ẕa Ṟa - Drāviḍa Madhyamaṃ - 3
Pronunciation of consonants ( )
Let us know how to pronounce consonants.
Letter Pronunciation Remarks
Ka as in king
kha as in Black hole
(as a single sound)
Ga ‘G’ as in gate
Gha as in ghost
Ṅa as in long
Ca as in such
Chạ as in churchill *
(as a single sound)
Ja as in jug
Jha as in Jhansi
Ña as in Tinger *
S Ṭa as in tank
Ο Ṭha as in short - hang
Ḍa as in day
Ḍha as in sand-hill *
(as a single Sound)
Ṇa as in money
Ṭa t (softer than English, similar to thumb)
Ṭha as in rhythm
Ḍa as in thus
Ḍha as in Dharma *
Ṇa as in not
Pa as in Pot
Pha as in Father
Ba as in bat
Bha as in Sub-house* (as a single sound)
Ma as in Man
Ya as in young
Ra as in Arraw
La as in land
Va as in wave
Ṣa as in Santha *
Śa as in shut
Sa as in Some
Ha as in has
Ḷa as in role *
Ẕa As American pronunciation
Ṟa Rabit
* No equal sound in English

4TH STEP
HOW TO WRITE ALPHABET?

?
Akṣaramāla Eṅṅaneyeẕutāṃ
1. Malayalam is written from left to right as the Roman script. Let us begin to
write vowels and consonants respectively.
VOWELS ( ) SvaraṅṅaỊ
A Ā I Ῑ U Ū Ṛ
E Ē Ai O Ō Ou Aṃ
Aḥ
CONSONANTS - ( ) vyañjanaṅṅaḷ
ka kha Ga Gha Ṅa
Ca Cha Ja Jha Ña
s o
Ṭa Ṭha Ḍa Ḍha Ṇa
Ta Tha Da Dha Na
Pa Pha Ba Bha Ma
Ya Ra La Va Śa Ṣa.
Sa Ha Ḷa Ẕa Ṟa
5TH STEP
VOWELS & THEIR ABBREVIATED FORMS

(Svaraṅṅaḷuṃ Cihnaṅṅaḷuṃ)
In Malayalam script, there are two forms of vowels— (i) Syllabic forms, and (ii)
Abbreviated forms. Here are syllabic forms and abbreviated forms of Malayalam
vowels
Syllabic Forms:
A Ā I Ῑ U Ū Ṛ E Ē Ai
O Ō Ou Aṃ Aḥ
Abbreviated Forms:
◌ ◌ ◌ ◌ ◌ ◌ ◌ ◌ ◌ - ◌
◌ ◌ ◌ ◌
1. Syllabic forms
2. Abbreviated Forms
……Stands for the letter
1.(i) Syllabic forms of vowels are used separately. As—

(Ā) that (Amma) mother
Syllabic forms of the vowels will not come in between of a word.
(ii) Abbreviated forms of vowels are used combined with preceding consonant
characters as follows:
(a) ◌ ◌ ◌ ◌ ◌ ◌ ◌ follow the consonant.
(b) ◌ ◌ ◌ precedes it.
(c) ◌- ◌- consonants will come in middle.
the subscript “u” will use for A sound like (K) it is called as
(Saṃvṛtōkāraṃ)
2. Let us combine the intra-syllabic forms of all vowels with consonants
(K).
Ka Kā Ki Kī Ku Kū Kṛ Ke Kē
Kō Kau Kaṃ Kaḥ Kum Ka:

Thus the Matras can be combined with all preceding consonants. Now we
elaborate this combination.
Ka Kā Ki Kī Ku Kū Kṛ Ke Kē Kai
Kha Khā Khi Khī Khu Khū Khṛ Khe Khē Khai
Ga Gā Gi Gī Gu Gū Gṛ Ge Gē Gai
Gha Ghā Ghi Ghī Ghu Ghū Ghṛ Ghe Ghē Ghai
Ṅa Ṅā Ṅi Ṅī Ṅu Ṅū Ṅṛ Ṅe Ṅē Ṅai
Ca Cā Ci Cī Cu Cū Cṛ Ce Cē Cai
Cha Chā Chi Chī Chu Chū Chṛ Che Chē Chai
Ja Jā Ji Jī Ju Jū Jṛ Je Jē Jai
Jha Jhā Jhi Jhī Jhu Jhū Jhṛ Jhe Jhē Jhai
Ña Ñā Ñi Ñī Ñu Ñū Ñṛ Ñe Ñē Ñai
Ṭa Ṭā Ṭi Ṭī Ṭu Ṭū Ṭṛ Ṭe Ṭē Ṭai
Ṭha Ṭhā Ṭhi Ṭhī Ṭhu Ṭhū Ṭhṛ Ṭhe Ṭhē Ṭhai
Ḍha Ḍhā Ḍhi Ḍhī Ḍhu Ḍhū Ḍhṛ Ḍe Ḍē Ḍai
Ḍha Ḍhā Ḍhi Ḍhī Ḍhu Ḍhū Ḍhṛ Ḍe Ḍē Ḍai
Ṇa Ṇā Ṇi Ṇī Ṇu Ṇū Ṇṛ Ṇe Ṇē Ṇai
.
Ta Tā Ti Tī Tu Tū Tṛ Te Tē Tai
Tha Thā Thi Thī Thu Thū Thṛ The Thē Thai
Na Nā Ni Nī Nu Nū Nṛ Ne Nē Nai
Pa Pā Pi Pī Pu Pū Pṛ Pe Pē Pai
Pha Phā Phi Phī Phu Phū Phṛ Phe Phē Phai
Ba Bā Bi Bī Bu Bū Bṛ Be Bē Bai
Bha Bhā Bhi Bhī Bhu Bhū Bhṛ Bhe Bhē Bhai
Ma Mā Mi Mī Mu Mū Mṛ Me Mē Mai
Ya Yā Yi Yī Yu Yū Yṛ Ye Yē Yai
Ra Rā Ri Rī Ru Rū Rṛ Re Rē Rai
La Lā Li Lī Lu Lū Lṛ Le Lē Lai
Va Vā Vi Vī Vu Vū Vṛ Ve Vē Vai
Śa Śā Śi Śī Śu Śū Śṛ Śe Śē Śai
Ṣa Ṣā Ṣi Ṣī Ṣu Ṣū Ṣṛ Ṣe Ṣē Ṣai
Sa Sā Si Sī Su Sū Sṛ Se Sē Sai
Ha Hā Hi Hī Hu Hū Hṛ He Hē Hai
Ḷa Ḷā Ḷi Ḷī Ḷu Ḷū Ḷṛ Ḷe Ḷē Ḷai
Ẕa Ẕā Ẕi Ẕī Ẕu Ẕū Ẕṛ Ẕe Ẕē Ẕai
Ṟa Ṟā Ṟi Ṟī Ṟu Ṟū Ṟṛ Ṟe Ṟē Ṟai
Kṣa Kṣā Kṣi Kṣī Kṣu Kṣū Kṣṛ Kṣe Kṣē Kṣai
Making words by combining vowels with consonants
Let us combine the vowels with consonants and make Words. Thus we shall
attain knowledge of various sounds of Malayalam language and learn the
meaning of many words.
(i) Combining the vowel (a) with consonants combination of (Ana)
Elephant—
Bridge (Pālaṃ) Age (Kālaṃ)
Mother (Mātāv) Saint (Sādhu)
A tree (Pāla) Sky (Ākāśaṃ)
Chain (Māla) Star (Tāraṃ)
(ii) Combining the vowel (i) with consonants
When joined to a consonant, original vowel so gives place to its sign which
is used before the consonants concerned.
Day (Dinaṃ) Treasure (Nidhi)
Father (Pitāv) Half (Pāti)
More (Adhikaṃ) Colour (Niṟaṃ)
New (Putiya) Went (Pōyi)
(iii) Combining the vowel (ii) with consonants Combination of (i) will be
likewise—
Bank (Tīraṃ) Bad
Body (Śarīraṃ) Lady
Justice (Nīti) Fish
Scientific (Śāstrīyaṃ) Blue
(iv) Combining the vowel 2 (u) with consonants
When (u) (Ū) (◌ ) is to beblended with a consonant except its
abbreviated form is put under the consonant.
(u)
Quality (Guṇaṃ) Room (Muṟi)
Child (Kuṭṭi) Yard (Muṟṟaṃ)
Joy (Sukhaṃ) Opened (Tuṟannu)
Sweet (Madhuraṃ) Fell (Vīṇu)
this vowel also writes with some different forms like.
(U)
V Sun (Sūryan) Shape (Rūpaṃ)
Festival (Pūraṃ) Corner (Mūlaṃ)
Earth (Bhūmi) Heat (Cūṭ)
this vowel is used to write like as this forms, also.

V Combining the vowel of with consonants
The pronunciation of is very near to the pronunciation ri in English word
Bridge. There are some example in which the combination of with different
consonants can be seen.
Agriculture (Kṛṣi)
Kindness (Kṛpa)
Home (Gṛhaṃ)
King (Nṛpan)
, ,
VI Combining the vowel , (E,) (Ē), (Ai) with consonants

Tie (Keṭṭ) Rice (Nell)
Forehead (Neṛṛi) Box (Peṭṭi)
Till (Vare) Mistake (Teṟṟ)
(Ē)
Line (Rēkha) Speed (Vēgaṃ)
Service (Sēvanaṃ) Sandal (Mālēyaṃ)
Flute (Vēṇu) Infancy Joo (Śēkharaṃ)
(Ai)
Diamond (Vairaṃ) Cool (Śaityaṃ)
Childhood (Śaiśavaṃ) Style (Śaili)
Softness Army
(Nairmalyaṃ) (Sainyaṃ)
Combining the vowel , , with consonants

(o), (Ō), (ou)
dust (Poṭi) unity lip (Oruma)
Language (Moẕi) gum (Mōṇa)
job (Toẕil) anger (Kōpaṃ)
vice (Dōṣaṃ) world (Lōkaṃ)
disease (Rōgaṃ) beauty
(Saundaryaṃ)
Silence (Maunaṃ) generosity (Oudāryaṃ)
Mission fecility (Saukaryaṃ)
(Dautyaṃ)
REMARKS
1. The abbrviated form of vowels is put with the Consonants

2. Samvrithokaram is used only when there is no vowel Sound
6TH STEP
CONJUNCTS
(Kūṭṭakṣaraṅṅaḷ)
There are some additional letters, which are conjuctures of two consonants and
one vowel. Thus they are called conjuncts.
e.g. , , Kṣa, Tra, Jña
these conjuncts can be separated in this way.

+ Kṣa As bird a (Pakṣi)
+ is
+ Tra As in daily newspaper
+ (Patraṃ)
+ Jña As in wisdom (Jñānaṃ)
+
(Saṃyuktavarṇṇaṃ) - When two consonants

have no vowel between them and they are pronounced together, they are called
conjuncts.
As + — (Gva), + - + –
(Dda), (Ṭṭa)
+ — + -
(Pta,), (Kra).
The consonants may be divided into three groups for making conjuncts.
(a) When the same consonant is doubled, Note the following:
As + - Crow (Kākka)
(b) When two different consonants are joined, Note the following:
.
As + - Deep sleep (Suṣupti)
(c) The following consonant will have a pecular change (as signs) when they
are joined.
.
As + - Poetry (Kāvyam)
Now we shall see the conjuncts of the aforesaid groups.
+ = (Qṛ)
Let us learn some words constituted with various conjuncts

1. Devotion (Bhakti)
2. Main (Mukhyaṃ)
3. State (Sthiti)
4. Able (Yōgyaṃ)
5. Bath (Snānaṃ)
6. Parrot (Tatta)
7. Jack fruit (Cakka)
9. Science (Śāstraṃ)
10. Order (Ājña)
11. Eyetex (Añjanaṃ)
12. Sound (Śabdaṃ)
13. Echo (Pratidhvdni)
14. Glass (Cill)
15. Green (Pacca)
16. Shameness (Lajja)
17. Genious (Pratibha)
18. Mother (Amma)
19. Goodthing (Nanma)
20. Noon (Madhyāhnaṃ)
REMARKS
1. Group of two or more consonants or vowels are conjuncts

There are some consonants which are called half consonants.
These are: . They are called in Malayalam
(Cill)
7TH STEP
THE PARTS OF SPEECH

- Śabda Vibhāgaṅṅaḷ
1. A sentence consists of two parts— (Subject) Ākhya and
(Predicate) Ākhyātaṃ. Ākhya is that about which
something has been said in the sentence. Ākhyātaṃ is what has
been said about it.
Both the Ākhya and the Ākhyātaṃ may consist of

more than one word. Thus, every word in a sentence performs a definite
function.
2. There are eight categories of classes of words which are called ‘Parts of
Speech’. They are—
1. Noun
2. Pronoun
3. Adjective
4. Verb
5. Adverb
6. Post-position
7. Conjunction
8. Exclamation
Now read carefully the following sentence.
Oh! My dear father and mother quietly called me to come in the room.
!
.
! is
(Subject)
is . (Predicate)
Let us explain every word of this sentence in detail grammatically and try
to test each word which part of speech it is.
(1) ! (oh!) — Exclamation8
(2) (dear) — Adjective3
(3) (father) — Noun1
(4) (and) — Conjuction7
(5) (mother) — Noun2
(6) (inside) — Post-position6
(7) (to me) — Pronoun2
(7) (quietly) — Adverb5
(8) (Called) — verb4
Noun
A noun is a word which is a name of anything.
There are three kinds of noun, in Malayalam.
(i) Proper noun Dravyanāmaṃ
(ii) Abstract noun Guṇanāmaṃ
(iii) verbal noun Kriyānāmaṃ
(i) , , are the names of a
particular person, place and thing respectively. Thus these are Proper
nouns.
(ii) Abstract noun is the Second kind of noun, it is a name of a quality, e.g.
,
(iii) Verbal noun is a name of an action ,
Proper nouns are formed by four different ways in Malayalam.
Read out the following—

(a) names
(b) common nouns
(c) Pronoun
(d) Material noun
1. From names ( )
Raman
Bible
Geetha
Kuran
2. Соmmon nouns ( )
Tree
Man
animal
3. Pronoun ( )
He
Her
that
the
4. Material noun ( )
REMARKS
There are 19 kinds of pronouns in Malayalam.

8TH STEP
GENDER- (Liṅgaṃ)
Liṅgaṃ (Gender) is the distinction of sex. Malayalam has only
three genders— Pulliṅgaṃ (masculine), and
Strīliṅgaṃ (feminine)
Napuṃsakaliṅgaṃ (Neuter gender)
(i) The names of males are always masculine.
(ii) The names of females are always feminine
(iii) If the nouns are not masculine or feminine that nouns are neuter gender.
Ехаmрles:
Masculine feminine neutergender
(father) (mother) (stone)

(Pillar)
(Teacher) (teacher)
(Brother) (sister) (School)
There is many ways to indicate nouns with gender in Malayalam.
1. Use seperate words
(male) (female)
(bull) (COW)
2. Use or before nouns.
3. Some suffixes to be added with nouns to make different gender forms.

- (good boy)
- (good girl)
- (best)
- (this girl)
- (lady hunter)
9TH STEP
NUMBER - - Vacanaṃ
Like English and many other Indian regional languages, there are two
numbers in Malayalam— (i) (Singular) & (ii) .
(Plural). Malayalam does not recognize the (dual number) found
in Sanskrit. All nouns, pronouns and verbs fall under these two heads of number.
Following are singular forms.
1. (Masculine gender)
- (He) - singular
2. (Feminine gender)
- (she) - singular
3. (Neuter gender)
— (Tree) - Singular
All the nouns change their forms according to their numbers and
genders.
When we are discussing about number separately, we shall treat masculine
and feminine nouns separately. Look at the following, which are categorically
set.
1.
gender plurals
2.
Plurals there is no gender.
3.
Plural forms which is used honarifically.
Gender suffixes
In Malayalam, use suffixes to make plural forms. These are
1.
For gender plurals. ,
e.g. (Friends);
(female students)
2.
For non gender Plurals. ,
e.g (Men); (gods)
3.
honarific plural. ,
e.g. (honarable Teacher); (Esq)
10TH STEP
CASE & POST-POSITIONS OF NOUNS

-
Kārakaṅṅaḷuṃ Vibhaktikaḷuṃ
There are seven cases in Malayalam expressed by different post-positions
or case-endings. The post-positions mostly correspond to English prepositions.
The post-positions ( ) of all the cases are as given below:
Case Post-positions Usage
1. X,
Nominative
2. to
Objective
3. ,
Sociative
4. Dative , ,
,
5. , from, for, ,
Ablative since, than
6. / ,
Possessive
7. Locative , ,
Learn the usage of cases in the following phrases or sentences. All the cases
have been given respectively.
1.
(i) Raman came.
(ii) Sivan said.
(iii) He went.
2.
(i) Raju saw Raman
(ii) I killed a snake.
(iii) Call Mary
3.
(i) . I Said to Rama
(ii) . I Joined to him
(iii) . He asked Ravi
4.
(i) I gave to Seetha
5.
(i) It has given by Rama
(ii) Slept with tiredness.
6.
(i) Janaki’s book
(ii) Rama’s Soul
7.
(i) . Saw in Rama.
(ii) . Standing on steps
PART-2
(11TH STEP to 20TH STEP)
11TH STEP
PRONOUN
(Sarvvanāmaṃ)
- Pronoun (Sarvvanāmaṃ) is a word used in place of noun.
Actually it represents, a noun. In Malayalam, there are four kinds of major
pronouns:
(1) (Personal : e.g. (I), (you)
pronoun) (he), (Yoù)
(2) : e.g. (that) (this)
(demonstrative pronoun)
(3) : e.g. (which), (who)
(Interrogative pronoun) (what)
(4) : e.g.
(relative pronoun) (which one)
There are three a pronouns in Malayalam.

(i) First person — I, We
(ii) Second person — you, you
(Polite)
(iii) Third person — he, She there
are all .
he She that that, the

singular singular singular singular, plural
this man this girl this thing this thing

singular singular singular singular, plural
I we you M/F you plural M/F
singular F/M Plural M/F
they they
plural F/M neutral
Let us use some pronouns as in the following sentences:

1. I don’t know
. anything about it.
We don’t want to go
. there.
3. . It is quite right
4. ? what will he do
now?
5. Where will you stay
? at Pune?
6. . I myself was
present there.
7. . Some one has to
come
8. . Who says it?
9. What do you want
? now?
10. . Take some fruit.
Remarks
(Pratyēkam Ōrmikkuka)
the pronouns (thangal) (Ningal) (Nee) have

different honourific values. All the words means ‘You’
is used in addressing one’s seniors. is used with a

third person plural noun whether the reference is to one or more than one.
is used in addressing one’s relatives or close friends. It is also used to
address persons of lower status then the speaker.
12TH STEP
ADJECTIVE
( ) (Nāmaviśēṣaṇaṃ)
An adjective is a word added to a noun to describe it, or placed in the
predicate to describe the subject.
There are six types of Adjectives in Malayalam.

1. - Pure adjectives using closing with nouns
e.g. .
Goodsmell
2. pronous which are used as Adjectives
?
which place?
3. numeral adjective
.
One book
4. Indicating the quality (qualitative)
goodboy.
5. quantitative
One k.g. rice.

6. Participle adjective
.
wet dress.
7. Participle adverb
Told covely
13TH STEP
VERB
(Kriya)
VERBS ( ) are used to express an action or a state of being. For
example . (Ithu oru pusthakam Akunnu)
- This is a book. Is ( Akunnu) is the verb that shows the state of
being of a book “ pusthakam.”
Raman cherukatha Vayikunnu.
.
Rāman Ceṟukatha Vāyikkunnu.
Verbs are generally of two kinds—
(i) Transitive -
(ii) Intransitive -
(i) Transitive - (Sakarmaka Kriya)
Verbs that take objects ( karmam) are called transitive verbs.
Gopal learns Malayalam.
.
Gōpālan Malayāḷam Paṭhikkunnu.
The Object is found out by asking what or whom to the verb. An object is
required to complete the sense of a transitive, verb. In the above sentence
“ ” “Malayalam” is the object; because it is the answer to the
question, what does Gopal learn?
(ii) Intransitive Verb – (Akarmaka Kriya)
Verbs that don’t take objects are called intransitive verbs.
Kamala goes home
.
Kamala Vīṭṭil Pōkunnu.
Here the verb “goes” doesn’t take any object. Hence it is intransitive.
1. (Sakarmmakakriya) Transitive Verbs
1. to do , Pravarttikkuka,
ceyyuka
2. to Vāyikkuka,
read
3. to Eẕutuka,
write
4. to kāṇuka,
See
5. to Aṟiyuka,
know
6. to kēḷkkuka,
hear
7. to tell paṟayuka,
8. to sūkṣikkuka,
keep
2. (Akarmmakakriya) Intransitive Verbs

1. to sleep Uṟaṅṅuka
2. to walk Naṭakkuka,
3. to run Ōṭuka,
4. to live Vasikkuka,
5. to come Varika,
6. to go Pōvuka
7. to laugh Cirikkuka,
8. to be Uṇṭāyirikkuka
Transitive and intransitive verbs have two parts -
1. (Sāmānyakriya) Infinitive
2. (Kriyā Dhātu,) Root
By adding “ ” (Uka) to the verb root we can get the infinitive form.
Verb Root Infinitive
1. Ceyy to ceyyuka
read
2. Eẕutu, write Eẕutuka,
3. Kuṭi drink Kuṭikkuka
4. Vāyikku Read Vāyikkuka,
5. Nilkku Stand Nilkkuka
(vidhi Rūpaṅṅa!) Imperative Mood
The imperative mood is used when we give commands, an order or make a

request. In English “You” is used to address any one irrespective of age, position
or status. But in Malayalam three different words are used in place of “You”.
(1) (Nī) To address Children, those who are younger than
us and God.
(2) To address equals, friends.
(Niṅṅaḷ)
(3) To address elders and superiors.
(Tāṅkaḷ,)
Please note the changes in the verb:-
Nī, Niṅṅaḷ, Tāṅkaḷ,

Come:
Vā, Varū, Vannāluṃ,
Go:
Pō, Pōkū, Pōyāluṃ
See:
Kāṇ, Kāṇū, Kaṇṭāluṃ
Come:
Kuṭi Kuṭikkū Kuṭiccāluṃ
In the above the third form is used to indicate the polite form of imperative
mood in Malayalam.
REMARKS
1. Imperative mood is formed in two ways.
a. In ordinary way and b. In honorified way
Ex: a. Nī, Niṅṅaḷ,

Vā, Varū,
b. (Tāṅkaḷ, Vannāluṃ,) You please come.
You please go. Pōyāluṃ
You please drink. Kuṭiccāluṃ
14TH STEP
TENSE (1)
( ) Kālaṃ
1. Present Indefinite Tense
(Sāmānyavarttamāna Kālaṃ)
(tense) of a verb shows the time of an action. There are three main
tenses in Malayalam.
(i) Present Tense
(ii) Future Tense
(iii) Past Tense
First Person / I am
” ” we are
Second Person ” ”
” ” you are
” ”
Third Person He is
She is
They are
In Malayalam the verb “be” has only one form. “ (Āṇ) or
. (Ākunnu)
It will not change according to the number, gender or person.
To make the Simple Present or Indefinite “ ” (Uunu) added to the
verb root. Ex:
1. Rama comes.
.
Rāman varunnu
2. Sita goes.
Sīta Pōkunnu
Children play. Unlike English, the present tense form does not change
according to the number or person.
Negative Forms Niṣēdha Rūpaṃ:

By adding “Illa” to the present tense verb, the negative form is made.
1. We don’t write.
2. Children don’t play. .
2. Present Continuous Tense Varttamāna Kālaṃ
To make the present continuous tense in Malayalam, “Kondirikkunnu”

is to be added to the past tense form of the
verb.
Ex: Verb Root Past Tense Continuous form

Present
.
.
.
We are writing.
.
Children are playing.
There is no negative form in Malayalam for this tense.
3. Doubtful Present Tense
To make the Doubtful Present Tense ‘ ’ is to be added to
the Simple Present Tense form.
(1) .
Raman may be coming
(2) .
Children may be playing
By adding “Illa” to the Doubtful Present Tense form, the negative form
is made.
4. Future Tense Bhāvikālaṃ
Future tense can be divided into two.
(1) .
Raman may not be coming
Future Indefinite Tense- (Sāmānya Bhāvikālaṃ)

By adding “UM” to the verb root, Future Indefinite Tense can be made.
(1) Children will play
(2) We Shall write
(3) I Shall write
By adding “Illa” to the Future Indifinite Tense form, the negative form
is made.
(1) Ram will not come
5. Contingent Future (Sambhavya Bhūtakālaṃ)

To express possiblity, willingness, permission, suggestion, purpose or
condition. ‘ , Ākaṭṭe’ is to be added to the verb root.
We add the verb root. Please note the conjugation.
1. Let us write.
2. Let the children play.
The negative form is given below.

(1) Let Ram not come
REMARKS
(Pratyēkaṃ
Ōrmikkuka)
In English, the number and person play an important role in bringing the
changes in the imperative mood and different Tenses. But in Malayalam
these are not at all important. In the contingent future tense there is a
conjugation to the verb root.
15TH STEP
TENSE (2)
( ) Kālaṃ
Past Tense Bhūtakālaṃ
The different types of Past Tense:-

1. I went
Past Indefinite Tense
2. I have gone
Present Perfect Tense
3. I had gone
Past Perfect Tense
4. I might have gone
Doubtful Past Tense

5. I was going
Past Continuous Tense
6. If I had gone, I would have met
Past Conditional Tense him
1. Past Indefinite Tense Sāmānya Bhūtakālaṃ

I went
In Malayalam irrespective of the number, gender or person the verb is
conjugated as follows:-
a. Transitive verb (Sakarmaka Kriya)
Verb Root Past tense form
b. Intransitive verb (Akarmaka Kriya)
2. Present Perfect Tense-
Here also the conjugation is not based on the number, gender or person:-
Transitive verb
Verb Present Perfect Form
2. Intransitive verb
Verb Present Perfect Form
3. Past Perfect tense: Pūrṇṇa Bhūtakālaṃ

In this tense also the number, gender and person are not taken into
consideration. Notice the following.
Transitive Verb root Past Perfect
Intransitive verbs
4. Doubtful Past
Again this tense is formed without giving importance to the number, gender
and person.
Transitive verb
Please add to the verb
Verb Doubtful past
.
5. Past Continuous
Please add . to the verb.
EX: .
6. Past Conditional:
To express an action which would have happened if a certain condition had
been fulfilled in the past, we use this tense.
Ex: If Rama had come, Sita also would have come.
.
This tense is also formed without giving any importance to the number,
gender and person. Add ‘ ’ (Engil) to the Past Perfect Tense form of
the verb of the first sentence denoting the condition and ‘ ’
(Aiyrunnu) to the Future Tense form of the verb of the second sentence.
Rama had come.

1. .+
2. + .
.
.
If Rama had come, Sita also would have come.
REMARKS
In Malayalam don’t affert the verb phrase the number, gender or person.
So also the same rules are applicable to the Transitive and Intransitive
verbs.
Use of “may”, “can”, “must”

May: - To express doubt or permission we use “may”,
Can: - To express ability or permissions we use can.
Must: - To show compulsion “Must” is used.
16TH STEP
VOICE
( ) (Prayōgaṃ)
There are two kinds of voice in Malayalam like English.
(i) Active voice

(ii) Passive voice
The function of the voice is to show whether in a particulars sentence the

object or the object of a verb is prominent.
In the Active voice, the importance is given to the subject. For example:
I wrote a letter.
In this sentence (subject) is important hence the stress on it. But if
the object is to be given prominence, the verb gets an additional in
the past tense and the subject takes the caseending (by). Then it becomes
Passive voice.
The letter is written by me.
In the Impersonal voice, neither the subject nor the object in the past
( ) the verb used is to be in transitive and remains in the
third person irrespective of the number. In the third person its number is always
singular and gender masculine.
We cannot run in the hot sun.
Ī Kaṭhinavelayilatt Niṅṅaḷkk Ōṭān Kaẕiyumō
Change of voice
When we change a sentence from the Active voice to the Passive voice, the
object of the Active voice becomes the subject of the Passive voice and vice
versa.
The Passive voice is formed by adding related tense forms of to
the past tense , or , with the subject.
Examples:
Active : I pluck the flower.
Ñān Pūv Paṟiccu

Passive : The flower was plucked by me.
.
Pū Ennāl Paṟikkappeṭṭu.
Active : She is singing a song.
Avaḷ Pāṭṭu Pāṭunnu.

Passive : A song was sung by her.
.
Pāṭṭ Avaḷāl Pāṭappeṭunnu.
Active : Shah Jahan built the Taj Mahal.
.
Ṣājahān Tājmahal Nirmmiccu.
Passive : The Taj Mahal was built by Shah Jahan.
.
Tājmahal Ṣājahānāl Nirmmikkappeṭṭu.
REMARKS
There is no importance in function Malayalam of passive voice. It is used only

with the trasilations of English, Hindi and sanskrit sentences because in that
languages are giving much more importance invoice form.
In Malayalam subject is avoided usualy in passive voices.
17TH STEP
THE KINDS OF SECONDARY VERBS

( )
(Prakāraṅṅaḷuṃ Maṟṟu Sahāyakakriyakaḷuṃ)
Auxiliary verbs –
Auxiliary verbs are helping verbs. They help the main verbs to form their tenses,
voices etc.
“May, might, can, could, must, ought to, shall and should” are some of the
auxiliary verbs.
“May” and “can” can be used to indicate permission. “May” is more formal
than “can”.
You may go now
(Tāṅkaḷkk lppōḷ Pōkāṃ)
You can go now.
(Niṅṅaḷkk lppōḷ Pōkāṃ)
“May” usually means that the speaker is giving permission.
“Can” is used to denote that either the speaker is giving permission or there is a
general permission.
“Could” also can be used for permission. It is more polite.
Ex.: May I use your phone?
Can I use your phone?
Could I use your phone?
?
Ñān Tāṅkaḷuṭe Phōṇ Upayōgikkaṭṭē? (or)
?
Enikku Tāṅkaḷuṭe Phōṇ Upayōgikkāmō?
May, “might”, and “Can” express possibility. Note the difference in meaning in
the example given below:-
They may postpone the marriage. (Perphaps they may postpone, perhaps not)
.(
, .) Avar
Vivāhaṃ Māṟṟi vaykkumāyirikkuṃ. (Oru Pakṣē Māṟṟivaykkuṃ, Cilappōḷ Illa.)
“Can” shows occasional possibility.
Watching TV can be bad for the eyes.
. . .
Ṭi. Vi. Kāṇunnatkoṇṭ Kaṇṇukaḷkk Sukhakkēṭuṇṭākāṃ.
“Can” is used to show ability also.
Gopalan can speak five languages.
.
Gōpālan Añc Bhāṣakaḷ Saṃsārikkān Kaẕiyuṃ.
May God bless you.
( ) !
Īśvaran (Daivaṃ) Niṅṅaḷe Anugrahikkaṭṭe!
Here “may” indicates hope.
Could
Kamala could recite Bhagavath Geetha when she was seven.
‘ ’
.
(Ēẕuvayasuḷḷappōḷtanne Kamalaykk “Bhagavatgita” Kāṇāpāṭha māyirunnu.)
“Can” or “Could” can be used for requests.
Could you lend me Rs. 100/-?
?
Enikk Nūṟurūpā Kaṭamāyi Tarāmō?
In the sentence, “You could have bought that pen yesterday”,
“Could” indicates that the action did not take place ie:
.
Niṅṅaḷkk Innale Ā Pēnā Vāṅṅikkāmāyirunnu
You didn’t buy the pen. ( ) (Niṅṅaḷ
Vāṅṅiyilla)
But when we are not sure whether the action has taken place or not, we can use
‘Could’ in the following Sentences:-
The pen is not in the bag. Your brother could have taken it.
.
Pēnā Bāgililla Niṅṅaḷuṭe Sahōdaran Eṭuttukāṇumāyirikkuṃ.
“Must and Ought to”

To show obligation “Must” is used.
The students must obey the teacher
.
Vidyārtthikaḷ Adhyāpakane Anusarikkaṇaṃ.
“Should” also can be used for the same purpose.
You should attend all classes.
.
Niṅṅaḷ Ellā Klāsukaḷiluṃ Hājarākaṇaṃ.
“Must” can be used for emphatic advice. Note the difference int he meaning
between the two.
The doctor told me that I must take complete rest for one month.
(Ñān Oru Māsaṃ Pūrṇṇaviśramaṃ Eṭukkaṇamenn Ḍōkṭar Paṟaññu)

or
. (Enikk Oru Māsatte

Pūrṇṇaviśramaṃ Māvaśyamāṇenn Ḍōkṭar Paṟaññu.)
“Should” is used for giving instructions and corrections.
Ex. Applications should reach this office on 15th Feb. 2006
2006
.
(Apēkṣāphōṟaṃ 2006 Phrebravari Patinañcāṃ Tīyatikkuḷḷil Ῑ Āphisil
Ettiyirikkaṇaṃ.)
We ought to obey our parents.
.
Nammaḷ Mātāpitākkanmāre Anusarikkaṇaṃ.
You must not go so fast
.
The above sentences denote “Duty”
You needn’t do this work.
.
INTEROGATIVES ON OBLIGATION
Must I wait here?
?
Shall I have to wait here.
.
18TH STEP
INDECLINABLE
( ) (Avyayaṅṅaḷ)
the words which remain always unchangeable are called
(indeclinable).
There are four types of indeclinable words—
1. Adverb
2. Post-position
3. Conjunction
4. Exclamation
1. (Adverbs)
(A word which mostly qualifies a verb)
(i) ? How does he write?
(ii) Where are you going?
(iii) . Now start singing.
In the above sentences , , , ,
are adverbs, because each of them qualifies its verb. All these are
.
1. . (Location)
Where here
2. (Style)
Slowly How
3. (Negative)
enough no
4. (Tense)
now when
5. (Ouantity)
that much this much
2. (Post - Positions)
(A word which shows relation of noun, pronoun, etc. Which other word of
the sentence)
1. The book is on the table
2. Vikas is in behind
In the above sentences , , , are post - positions.
The following are post positions
: , ,
place on in with
: , , ,
time after before with
: ,
equality like Same
:
Opposite against
: ,
Reason for, about
It must be noticed that come only after the words.
3. (Conjunctions)
1. Bread and Rise
2. Will you come or not?
In the above sentence (and) (so) (or) are conjunctions,
which join respectively words and sentences.
The following are conjuctions
1. , , and, thus, on that manner
2. , or, or
3. , hence therefor
4. , but but
4. (Exclamations) (A word which express an

exclamatory feeling or emotions of the speaker)
1. Hurrah!
2. ! oh!
19TH STEP
CARDINAL NUMERALS
( ) (Gaṇita Saṅkhyakaḷ)
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
13.
14.
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
20.
21.
22.
23.
24.
25.
26.
27.
28.
29.
30.
32.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37.
38.
39.
40.
41.
42.
43.
44.
45.
46.
47.
48.
49.
50.
51.
52.
53.
54.
55. .
56.
57.
58.
59.
60.
61.
62.
63.
64.
65.
66.
67.
68.
69.
70.
71.
72.
73.
74.
75.
76.
77.
78.
79.
80.
81.
82.
83.
84.
85.
86.
87.
88.
89.
90.
91.
92.
93.
94.
95.
96.
97.
98.
99.
100. .
200.
300.
400.
500.
600.
700.
800.
900.
1,000
10,000
1,00,000
1,00,00,000
Ordinals -
is used to make numbers as ordinal. e.g.
1st + - First
2nd + - second
3rd + - third
Multiplicative numerals –
Use the word with every number to make multiplication numerals
Twofold Sevenfold
Threefold Eightfold
Fourfold Ninefold
Fivefold Tenfold .
Sixfold
Frequentative numerals –
Once , Four
times
Twice Five
times
Thrice
Aggregative numerals –
Both All twenty
All three Scores of
All four Hundreds of
All ten Thousands of
REMARKS
1. (thousand) are usually used as nouns and prefixed by

etc
20TH STEP
SPELLING ERRORS AND ITS RECTIFIED WORD

There are some words which are mostly, used by common men. Try follow
the meaning of words.
Relief
Piece
Brief
Grief
Thief
Lion
Camel
deer
rat
hen
pigeon
cuckkoo
peacock
Aeroplane
Train
Bull cart
Bus
handle
like
love
live
Raise
rate
sale
PART-3
(21ST STEP to 30TH STEP)
21ST STEP
USEFUL EXPRESSIONS
(Upayōgapradamāya Bhāṣaṇaṅṅaḷ)
We can convey our thoughts and feelings through phrases and some brief
sayings sentences. Let us learn short.
Here are some phrases and short sentences:

1. Hello! ! Halō!
2. Happy New Santōṣamuḷḷa Putu
Year! ! Voarşaṃ Nērunnu!
3. Same to you! Niṅṅaḷkkuṃ
! Aṅṅcaneyākaṭṭe!
4. Happy Santōşaṃ Nirañña
birthday to you! Janmanā! Nindkk
! Nērunnu!
5. Welcome you Ellāvarēyuṃ
all! ! Kşaṇikkunnu!
6. ! Abhinandanaṅṅaḷ!
Congratulations!
7. Thanks for Niṅṅa! Vannatin
your kind visit! ! Nandi!
8. Thank God! ! Daivattin Nandi!
9. Oh my ! Ō Enṟe Priyē!
darling!
10. Oh God! ! Ō Daivamē!
11. Oh! ! Ō!
12. Bravo! ! Nannāyi!
13. Woe! ! Śāpaṃ!
14. Excellent! ! Ēṛṛoavuṃ Mikaccat!
15. How ! Etra Bhayaṅkaraṃ!
terrible!
16. How absurd! ! Etra Asambandhaṃ!
17. How ! Entu Bhaṅgi!
beautiful
18. How ! Entu Mānakkētc!
disgraceful!
19. Really! ! Satyamō!
20. O.K. ! Śari! Aṅṅane yākaṭṭe
21. Wonderful! ! Āścaryaṃ!

22. Thank you! ! Ninakk Nandi!
23. Certainly! ! līrccayāyuṃ!
24. What a great Entu Mahattāya Oru
victory! ! Joyaṃ!
25. With best ! Abhinandanaṅṅaḷōțe!
compliments!
Some useful clauses and short sentences:
.
(Upayōgamuḷḷa Cila Upavākyaṅṅaḷuṃ Ceṟiya Vācakaṅṅaḷuṃ).
1. Just a minute. Oru Nimiṣaṃ
2. Just coming. itā Varunnu
3. Any more? Kūṭutal
? enteṅkiluṃ?
4. Enough. Mati
5. Anything ? Vēṟe Enteṅkiluṃ?
else?
6. Nothing to Vișamikkaṇṭa
worry.
7. As you like. Ninṟe Iṣṭoṃ Pōle
8. Mention not . Paṛayaṇṭa
9. Nothing Vēṟe Onnumilla
more.
10. Not at all. Tīrttumilla
11. For the Strīkaḷkk
ladies.
12. To let. Vāṭakaykk
13. No Anuvādamilla
admission.
14. No entrance. Pravēśanamilla
15. No It Potu Vaẕiyalla
thorough. Fare
16. No talking. Saṃsārikkarut
17. No smoking. Pukavali Pāțilla
18. No spitting. Tupparut
19. No parking. Ivițe Vāhanaṅṅa!
Nirttarut
20. No going Vaẕi Illa.
out.
22ND STEP
IMPERATIVESENTENCES
/
(Ājñaye/Apēkṣaye Sūcippikkunna Vācakaṅṅaḷ)

In the following sentences, there are many verbs in the imperative mood
expressing order, request for advice.
Here are some examples of short sentences giving force to verbs.
1. Sentences Indicating Order:

1. Be quick. Peṭṭann
2. Be quiet. Niśabdamāyirikku.
3. Come in Akattēkk Varika.
4. Get out. Puṟattēkk Pōkuka.
5. Stick no bills Parasyaṃ
Patikkarut.
6. Don’t talk Cītta Paṟayāte.
rubbish
7. Be careful . Śradhayāyirikkuka
8. Bring a glass Oru Kapp Veḷḷaṃ
of water Koṇṭuvā.
9. Don’t forget Nāḷe Varuvān
to come Maṟakkarut.
tomorrow
10. Don’t hurry. Dhṛtippeṭāte.
11. Don’t be Adhikaṃ
talkative Saṃsārikkallē.
12. Speak the Satyaṃ Paṛayuka.
truth.
13. Don’t tell a Oru Kaļļam
lie. Paṟayāte.
14. Go back. . Tiriccu Pōkuka.
15. Shut the Jannal Aṭaykkuka
window
16. Open the Vātil Tuṛakkuka.
door.
17. Come Munnōṭṭ Vā.
forward.
18. Come alone. Taniye Vorikoa
19. Sit down. Tāẕe lrikku.
20. Stand up. Eẕunnēṟaṟu
Nilkkukka
21. Get up early. Nēratte
Eẕunnēlkkuka.
22. Always keep Eppōẕuṃ lṭaṭu
to the left. . Vaścaṃ Pālikkuka.
23. Give up bad Cītta Śīlaṅṅa!
habits. . Vețiyuka
24. Mind your Ninṟe Kāryaṃ
own business Nōkk.
25. Ring the Moṇi Aṭikkuka.
bell.
26. Take it away Eṭuttu Koṇṭu
Pōkuka.
27. Return the Bākki Tiriccu
balance. Tarika.
2. Sentences Indicating Request –

(Apēkṣaye Sūcippikkunna Vācākaṅṅa!)
28. Please, excuse Dayavāyi Ennōțu
me Kșcamikkuka.
29. Don’t mind, Dayavāγί
please. Kāryamākkaṇṭa
30. Please, try to Dayavāyi Enne
understand me. Manassilākku.
31. Please, lend Ninṟe Irucakra
me your bicycle. Caviṭṭu Vaṇṭi
Enikk Kațamāyi
. Tarika
32. Follow me, Dayavāyi Enne
please. . Pintuțaru
33. Please, have a Dayavāyi Oru
cold drink. . Taṇutta Pānīyaṃ
Kaẕikku
34. Have some Dayavāyi Kuṟaccu
coffee, please. Kāppi Kaẕikku.
35. Please, have Dayavāyi Μυṛi
the room swept. . Vṛttiyākku.
36. Please, call the Dayavāyi
Servant. Vēlakkārane
Viḷikku,
37. Please, pass Dayavāyi Muļak
me the chilly. Iṅṅōțțu Taru.
38. Please deliver Dayavāyi
the goods at my Carakkuka! Enṟe
residence. Vīṭṭil Ettikkuka.
39. Please take Dayavāyi
your bath. Kuḷikkuka.
40. Please have Dayavāyi lrikku.
your seat.
41. Kindly inform Dayavāyi Śariyāya
at the right time. Samayatt
Aṟiyikkuka
3. Sentences Indicating Advice –

(Ālōcanaye Kuṟikkunna Vācakaṅṅaḷ)
42. Let us Namukk Samayatt
go in time. Cellāṃ.
43. Let us Namukk
wait. . Kāttirikkāṃ.
44. Let us Namukk Onn
go for a . Naṭakkān Pōkāṃ.
walk.
45. Let us Nāṃ Samayaṃ
make the . Śariyāyi
best use of Prayōjanappeṭuttāṃ.
time
46. Let us Namukk Ēṟṟavuṃ
try our . Nannāyi
best. Śramikkāṃ.
47. Let it At Aṅṅaneyirikkṭṭe.
be so.
48. Let us Ādyamāyi Nāṃ Ī
think first Vișayatte Paṛṛi
about this . Cintikkāṃ.
matter.
49. Let us Namukk Onnicc
go to the . Sinimaykk Pōkāṃ.
cinema
together.
23RD STEP
PRESENT TENSE
(Varttamāna Kālaṃ)
1. Present Indefinite Tense -
1. I write a Ñān Enṟe
letter to my . Sahōdaran Oru
brother. Katteẕutunnu.
2. Some Cila Kuṭṭikaḷkk
children like . Muṭhāyi lṣṭamāṇ.
sweets.
3. I leave home Ellā Divasavuṃ
at 9.00 a.m. 9 Kālatt 9 Maṇikk
everyday. Ñaṅṅa! Vīṭṭil
. Ninniṟaṅṅunnu.
4. The earth Bhūmi Sūnyane
moves round . Cuṟṟunnu.
the sun.
5. A good child Nalla Kuṭṭi
always obeys Eppōzuṃ
his parents. Mātāpitākkaḷe
. Anusarikkunnu.
6. She drives Avaḷ Vaḷare
too quickly. . Vēgattil
Ōṭikkunnu.
7. I brush my Ñān Divasaṃ
teeth twice a Raṇṭupāvaśyaṃ
day. Pallu Tēykkunnu.
8. We live in Ñaṅṅa! Intyayil
India. . Vasikkunnu.
9. You always Nī Eppōẕuṃ
forget to pay. paṇaṃ koṭukkuvān
. Maṟakkunnu.
10. The last Avasānatte vaṇṭi
bus leaves at Arddharātri
midnight. . puṟappeṭunnu.
11. You spend paṇaṃ muẕuvan
all your money Niṅṅaḷ Tuṇi
on clothes. . vāṅṅānāyi
Cilvaẕikkunnu.
12. Someone Ārō katakil
knocks at the . Taṭṭunn u.
door.
13. She always Ava! Eppōẕuṃ
wears . kaṇṇata
spectacles. Dharikkunnu.
14. In India, Intyayil patinañcu
there are 15 prādēśika
regional Bhāṣaka! Uṇṭ.
languages.
2. Present Continuous Tense.

1. My mother is Enṟe Amma
sweeping the Muṟi
room ◌ Vṛttiyākkikoṇ
ṭirikkunnu.
2. I am reading Ñān Nava Bhārat
Nav Bharat ◌ Ṭaiṃs Vāyichu
Times. koṇtirikkunnu.
3. The dog is Paṭṭi Kāṟinṟe taẕe
lying under the . Kiṭakkunnu.
car.
4. He is going to Avan Cantaykk
the market. . Pōkunnu.
5. She is crying Avaḷ
for nothing. . Kāraṇamillāte
Karayunnu.
6. I am just . Ñān Itā Varunnu.
coming.
7. I am looking Ñān ĀkāśaTtēkk.
at the sky. . Nōkkunnu
8. I am singing . Ñān Pāțțu
the song. Pāțunnu.
9. She is looking Ava! Oru Pēna
for a pen. . Tirayunnu.
10. The patient Rōgi
is going to the Āśupatriyilēkk
hospital. . Pōkunnu.
3. Doubtful Present Tense -

(Niścayamallātta Varttamānakālaṃ)
1. She may be Ava! Avoḷuṭe
reaching her . Āphisil
office. Ettiyerikkām.
2. They may be Avar Teṟṟāyi
thinking wrong. . Vicāriccēkkāṃ.
3. I may be Ñān Nāḷe
going to Bōmbaykk
Bombay . Pōyēkkāṃ.
tomorrow.
4. I may be Ñān Enṟe
teaching Hindi Vidyārtthikaḷkk
to my pupils. Hindi
. Paṭhippiccēkkām.
5. Your sister Ninṟe Sahōdari
may be waiting Ninne Kāttu
for you. . Nilkunnuṇtāvāṃ.
6. She may be Ava! Ippōḷ
playing on the ◌ . Vayalin
violin. Vāyikkunnuṇ
ṭāvāṃ.
7. She may be Avaḷ Paṇaṃ Oru
returning the Āẕcaykkuḷḷil
money in a . Tarumāyirikkuṃ.
week.
8. Rama may be Rama Avaḷute
learning her Pāṭham Kālatt
lesson in the . Paṭhikku
morning. māyirikkuṃ.
24TH STEP
FUTURE TENSE
(Bhāvi Kālaṃ)
1. Future indefinite Tense
1. I shall write a Ñān Enṛe
letter to my brother. Sahōdaran Oru
. Kattayakkuṃ.
2. My father will Enṟe Pitāv
reach here by Ñāyaṟāẕca Iviṭe
Sunday. . Vannu Cērum.
3. The mother will Amma Nāḷe
go to the market Cantaykk Pōkuṃ.
tommorow. .
4. She will study Avaḷ i Varṣoṃ
hard this year. Nannāyi
. Paṭhikkuṃ.
5. It will serve my At Enṛe Āvaśyaṃ
purpose. . Nivṛttikkuṃ.
6. I shall return day Ñān Nāḷe Kaẕiññu
after tomorrow. . Varuṃ.
7. My brother will Enṟe Sahōdaran
stay here at night. lviṭe Rātri
. Taṅṅuṃ.
8. I shall return in Ñān Vaikunnēraṃ
the evening . Tiriccu Varuṃ.
definitely.
9. I will do it Entu Tanne
whatever happens. Sambhaviccāluṃ
. Ñān Atu Сеуyuṃ.
10. I will certainly Ninakk Vēṇțat
give you what you Ñān Ṭirccayāyuṃ
want. . Taruṃ.
11. I will give up Ñān Tīrccayāyuṃ
smoking definitely. pukavali
. Upēkṣikkuṃ.
12. I will come Tīrccayāyuṃ Ñān
positively. . Vāruṃ.
13. I will see it later Ñān At Pinnīṭ
on. . Nōkkāṃ.
2. Contingent Future Tense

1. If your elder Ninṛe Mūtta
brother comes you Sahōdaran
must Come too. Varikayāṇeṅkil
. Nīyuṃ Kūṭe
Varika.
2. If you stay I Nī
will also stay. Taṅṅukayāṇeṅkil
. Ñān Taṅṅāṃ
3. Ranjana may Rañcana Innu
arrive today. . Vannēkkāṃ.
4. I may invite my Ñān Enṟe
colleagues also. Sahapravartta
. karēyuṃ
Kṣaṇikkāṃ.
5. If you go for a Nī Națakkuvān
walk, call me also. Pōyāl Enneyuṃ
. Kūṭi Viḷikkuka.
6. You may rest in Ninakk
my cottage if you lṣṭamāṇeṅkil Enṟe
like. Kuțilil
. Viśramikkuka
7. I may leave this Ñānīsthalaṃ
station any time. Ētunērattuṃ
. Viṭṭēkkāṃ.
8. She may attend Avaḷ Nāḷe YōgattiI
the meeting Hājarāyēkkām.
tomorrow. .
9. Lest he may Allāttapakṣaṃ
escape. Avan Rakṣappeṭṭu
. Ōṭiyēkkāṃ.
25TH STEP
PAST TENSE (1)

(Bhūtakālaṃ)
1. Past Indefinite (Sāmānya Bhūtakālaṃ)
1. The students Vidyārtthika!
reached the Klāss Muṟiyil
classroom. . Etticcērnnu.
2. The police Pōlīs Kuṟṟavāḷiye
arrested the Piṭikūṭi.
accused. .
3. I saw him . Ñān Innale Avane
yesterday. Kaṇțu.
4. We sat down on Ñaṅṅa!
the path while Naṭattattiniṭayil
walking. . Vaẕiyil lrunnu.
5. I went to your Ñān Kālatt Ninṟe
house in the . Vīṭṭil Pōyirunnu.
morning.
6. We gave her a Ñaṅṅaḷ Avarkk
warm welcome. ūṣmaḷamāya
. Varavēlpp Nolki.
7. The teacher Vikṟti Kuṭṭikaḷe
punished the Addhyāpika
naughty students. . Śikṣiccu.
8. You witnessed Nī Pantayattin
the match. . Dṟksākṣiyāyi
9. The children Kuṭṭika!
ran and played. Ōṭikkaḷiccu.
10. They laughed Avar
at the beggar. . Bhikṣakkārane
Parihasiccu.
11. The girls sang Peņkuṭṭikaḷ Oru
a Song. . Pāṭṭu Pāṭi
12. The mother Amma Oru
told a story of a Rājāvinṟe Katha
king. . Paṟaññu.
13. The baby took Paital gāḍamāyi
a sound sleep. . Uṟaṅṅi.
14. Rekha wrote a Rādha Avaḷuṭe
letter to her best Ēṟṟavuṃ Aṭutta
friend. suhṛittin
. Kotteẕuti.
15. They ate, , Avar Tinnuṃ,
drank and became Kuṭiccuṃ
happy. . Santuṣṭarāyimāṟi
2. Present Perfect (Āsannabhūtakālaṃ)

1. I have done Ñān Enṟe Jōli
my work. . Ceytiṭṭuṇṭ.
2. She has Avaḷ Enne
seen me in the . Bhōjana Śālayil
restaurant. Vaccu kaṇṭu.
3. You have Nī ī Pustakaṃ
read this book. . Vāyicciṭṭuṇṭ.
4. I have Ñān Enṟe Jōji
finished my . Pūrttiyākki.
work.
5. My mother Enṟe Amma
has arrived at . Vīṭṭil Etti.
home.
6. Garima has Garima Oru Pāṭṭu
Sung a Song. . Pāṭiyiṭṭuṇṭ.
7. The Vidyārtthikaḷ
students have Avaruṭe Vīṭṭilēkk
gone to their . Pōyiṭṭuṇt.
home.
8. The Tūppukāran Taṟa
sweeper has . Koẕuki Kaẕiññu.
just washed
the floor.
9. The phone Dūra Śravaṇa
has stopped yantrattinṟe
ringing. ( ) (Ṭeliphōṇ)
Maṇiyaṭikkunnat
. Ninnu.
10. Someone Ārō Ghaṭikāraṃ
has broken the ( ) . (Klōkk) Uṭaccu.
clock.
11. They have Avar Ā
heard the sad . Duḥkhavārtta
news. Kēṭṭu.
12. She has . Avaḷ
made the Kāppiyuṇṭākki.
coffee.
13. I have paid . Ñān Tuka
the bill. Koṭuttu.
14. Father has . Acchan Oru
planted a tree. Maraṃ Naṭṭu.
15. The play Kali Ippōḷ
has just began. . Tuṭaṅṅiyateyuḷḷu.
3. Past Perfect (Pūrṇṇa Bhūtakālaṃ)

1. I had Ñān Munpē Tanne
already . Katteẕuti kkaẕiññu.
written the
letter.
2. She had Avaḷ ī Citraṃ Munpē
seen this . Kāṇṭiṭṭuṇṭ.
film before.
3. Till last Kaẕiñña
evening I . Vaikunnēraṃ,Vare Ñān
had not seen Avane Kaṇṭiṭṭilla.
him.
4. Anil had Amīt Varum munpē
gone home Anil Vīṭṭilēkk
before Amit . Pōyiṭṭuṇṭāyirunnu.
came.
5. I had Ṟītta Varuṃ Munpē
finished my Ñānenṛe Prātal
breakfast . Kaẕicciṭṭuntāyirunnu.
when Rita
came.
6. We had 1950 Ñāṅṅa! 1950 Mutal
lived in Lajpēṭṭa Nagaṛil
Lajpat . Tāmasicciṭṭuṇṭāyirunnu.
Nagar Since
1950.
7. I had Kaẕiñña Añcu
waited for Divasamāyi Ñān
you for the ◌ . Ninakk Vēṇti
last five kāttirikkayāyirunnu.
days.
8. We had Ñaṅṅaḷ ltupōl oru Kaḷi
never seen Munp
such a . Kaṇtiṭṭilāyirunnu.
match
before.
9. She had Avaḷ Veḷḷaṃ
drunk the . Kuṭiccirunnu.
water.
10. My Enṛe Sahōdari Biruda
sister had . Parīkṣa Pāssāyinnu.
passed the
degree
examination.
11. I had Ñāniviṭe
come here to Vannirikkunnat Ninne
meet you. . Kāṇuvānāṇ.
12. They Avar
had not paid . Kaṭamvīṭṭiyirunnilla.
the debt.
13. We had Ñaṅṅa! Ṣarṭṭu
purhased the . Vāṅṅiccirunnu.
shirts.
14. The train Ñaṇṇaḷ Ettiyappōḷ
had left the Tīvaṇṭi Plāṟṟaphōm
platform . Viṭṭu Kāẕiññirunnu.
before we
arrived
there.
15. He had Avan ī Citraṃ
seen this . Kaṇṭiṭṭuṇṭāyirunnu.
film.
26TH STEP
PAST TENSE (2)

(Bhūtakālaṃ)
4. Doubtful Past (Sannigdha Bhūtakālaṃ)
1. Yaśōda Ippōḷ
Yashodha . Vanniṭṭuṇṭāyirikkuṃ.
might
have
come.
2. You Nī Ṭāgōṟinṟe Pēr
might . KēṭṬṭuṇtāyiriKkuṃ.
have
heard the
name of
Tagore.
3. She Avaḷ Kaẕiñña Kālaṃ
might . Maṟanni
have ṭuṇṭāyirikkuṃ.
forgotten
the past.
4. They Avar
might ◌ . Uṟaṅṅiyiṭāirikkuṃ.
have
slept.
5. They Avar Avaḷuṭe Paẕaya
might . Bākki
have paid Koṭutṭāyirikkuṃ.
her the
old dues.
6. He Ñān lppōẕuṃ
might Aviṭeyāṇuḷḷatenn
have . Avan
thought CintiṭuṇṭāyiriKkuṃ.
that I
would be
there still.
7. Mr. . Śrī. Mālikk Katt
Malik . Eẕutiyiṭuṇ
might ṭāyiriKkuṃ.
have
written
the letter.
8. The Sthāpanaṃ Mēyaṟe
institution . Kṣaṇicci
might ṭuṇṭāyiriKkum.
have
invited the
Mayor.
9. They Avaḷ Yāciccappāḷ
might . Avar Kaḷiyākki
have ṭuṇṭāyiriKkuṃ.
laughed
when she
begged.
10. They Avar At
might ◌ . Svīkaricciṭuṇ
have ṭāyiriKkuṃ.
accepted
it.
11. She Avaḷ Tanṟe Vēla
might . CeytiṭuṇṭāyiriKkuṃ.
have done
her duty.
12. The Kathākṛtt Ātmakatha
author . Eẕutiyiṭuṇ
might ṭāyiriKkuṃ.
have
written his
auto
biography.
5. Past Imperfect (Apūrṇṇa Bhūtakālaṃ)

1. I was Avan Muṟiyil
writing a Pravēśiccppōḷ Ñān Oru
letter when . Katt Eẕutukayāyirunnu.
he entered
the room.
2. I was Ñān Innale
riding to Paḷḷikkūṭattilēkkuḷḷa
school . Savāriyāyirunnu.
yesterday.
3. It was Ñān Puṟattu рōуарpōḷ
raining . Maẕa Peytirunnu.
when I went
Out.
4. While I Ñān Avaḷōṭu Saṃsāriccu
was talking koṇṭirunnoppōḷ Oru
to her I . Alarcca Kēṭṭu.
heard a
shout.
5. He was Avan Hindiyil Oru
writing an Prabandhaṃ
essay in . Eẕutukayāyirunnu.
Hindi.
6. When Avar Uṟaṅṅunpōḷ Paṭṭikaḷ
they were . Kāval Nilkkukayāyirunnu
sleeping the
dogs were
keeping
watch.
7. We were Ninṟe Sahōdaran
playing Vannappōḷ Ñaṅṅaḷ Ṭennīs
tennis when Kaḷikkukayāyirunnu.
your brother .
came.
8. Reena Ṟīna Avaḷuṭe
Was trying Maṟaccuvaykkān
hard to hide Prayāsappeṭukayāyirunոս
her desire. .
9. They Avar Yōgattil Vaḷare
were talking Uccattil
too loudly in . Saṃsārikkukayāyirunnu.
the meeting.
10. Asha Avaḷ Enṟe Kūṭe
was Paḷḷikūṭattil Paṭhiccirunnu
studying .
with me in
school.
11. We were Ñaṅṅaḷ Raṇṭu Varṣaṃ
living in Munpē Pūnayil
Pune two . Tāmassikku kayāyirunnu
years ago.
12. 10 ī Paśu Nēratte 10 Liṟṟar
Formerly . Pāl Tarumāyirunnu.
this cow
was giving
ten litres of
milk.
13. In the Kaẕiñña Lōka
last world Mahāyuddhattil
war, the Jarmmankār Dhīramāyi
Germans . Yudhaṃ Ceytirunnu.
were
fighting
bravely.
14. At that Ā Samayaṃ Ñān Ḍalhiyi
time, I was . Tāmassikku-
residing in
Delhi.
15. I used to Ñān Divasavuṃ Kṣētratti
go daily to . Pōkumāyirunnu.
the temple.
16. Before 1947- 1947 - Munpē Ñaṅṅaḷ
1947 we Paścima Poñcābil
were living . Jīvikkukayāyirunnu
in West
Punjab.
17. When I Ñān Ēẕu Vayassuḷḷappōḷ
was Seven Oṟṟaykk Paḷḷkkūṭattil
years old, I Pōkumāyirunnu.
was going to .
school all
alone.
18. When I Enṟe Ceṟu Prāyattil Enṟe
was young, Amma Enikk Kathakaḷ
my . Paṟaññu tarumāyirunnu.
grandmother
used to tell
me the story.
19. In his Ayāḷuṭe Eẕupatāṃ
seventies he Vayassukālatt Ayāḷ
used to walk . Ativēgaṃ
very fast. Naṭakkumāyirunnu.
6. Past Conditional (Sambhāvya Bhūtakālaṃ)

1. If you Nī Kaṭhinamāyi
had , . Addhvāniccirun
worked
hard, you
would
have
passed.
2. Had ◌ Nī Satyasandhan
you been . Santōṣamuḷḷava
honest
you would
have been
happier.
3. If she Avaḷ Buddhiyuḷ
had been Aṅṅane Ceyuka
clever she .
would
have not
done that.
4. Had Nī Pāṭiyirunnuv
you sung, . asvadiccēnē.
we would
have
enjoyed.
5. If she Avaḷ Ettiyirunnu
had . Pōyēnē.
reached I
would
have
gone.
6. Had Nī Vannirunnuv
you came . Kaḷikkumāyirun
I would
have
played.
7. If you Nī Enikk Eẕutiy
had Ninakk Maṟupa
written to .
me I
would
have
replied to
you.
8. Had Nī Cōdiccirunnu
you asked . Tāmassikkumāy
me I
would
have
stayed.
9. If she Avaḷ Nēratte Pa
had told Ñān Aṅṅane Ce
me earlier .
I would
have not
done So.
10. Had Nī Kṣaṇiccirunn
you . Varumāyirunnu.
invited
her she
would
have
come.
11. If ◌ Rādhaykk
Radha had Ciṛakukaḷuṇṭāyi
wings she . Paṟannu pōkum
would
haveflown
over to
Krishna.
12. If she Avaḷkk Ā Kyām
had liked lṣṭamāyirunnuve
the . Vāṅṅikkumāyir
camera
she would
have
bought it.
27TH STEP
INTERROGATIVE SENTENCES (1)

(Cōdyarūpattiluḷḷa Vācakaṅṅaḷ)
Interrogative Sentences with
(1) IS ARE AM WAS WERE
, (Ākunnu, Āyirunnu.)
1. Is Hindi ? Hindi Prayāsamāṇō?
difficult?
2. Is it cold ? Inn Taṇu ppuṇtō?
today?
3. Is your Ninṟe Pēr Narēndra kum
name ? Ennāṇō?
Narendra
Kumar?
4. Are you Ninakk Prētaṅṅoḷe
afraid of ? Pēṭiyāṇō?
ghosts?
5. Are you ? Ninakk Sukhamāṇō?
feeling
Well?
6. Are you ? Taṅkaḷ Atitābh Āṇō?
Mr.
Amitabh?
7. Am I ? Enikk Ninne Pēṭiyāṇō?
afraid of
you?
8. Am I a ? Ñān Oru Viḍhiyāṇō?
fool?
9.Am I ? Ñān Ninṟe
your Vēlakkāranāṇō?
servant?
10. Was ? Avaḷ Pēṭiccirunnō?
she
frightened?
11. Was he Avan Iviṭe Oru
a stranger ? Aparicitanāyeruṅō?
here?
12. Was Candran
the moon ? Prakāśikkunnuṇṭāyirunn
shining?
13. Were Āṇkuṭṭikaḷ Pant
the boys ? Kaḷikkunuṇ ṭāyirunnō?
playing
football?
14. Were Nī Siṃlāyil
you ? UllasikkukaYāyirunnu?
enjoying
yourselfin
Simla?
15. Were Ninṛe PravarttaKaru mā
you not ? Nī Santōṣattilāṇō?
happy with
your
collegues?
(2) DO, DOES, DID ( , ) Ceyyuka, Ceytu

16. Do we shirk Ñaṅṅa! Jōli
work? ? Upēkṣikkumō?
17. Do you ? Nī Pukavalikkumō?
smoke?
18. Do you Nī Eppōẕuṃ
always speak the ? Satyaṃ Paṛayumō?
truth?
19. Does she Avoḷ Nalla Vastraṃ
like to dress Dharikkān
well? ? Āgrahikkunnu?
20. Does he play ? Avan Kaḷikkumō?
games?
21. Does she Avaḷkk Ayalkkārōṭu
like her lṣṭamāṇō?
neighbour? ?
22. Did Anupam Anūp Ellāṃ
eat all the ? Āppiḷum Tinnō?
apples?
23. Did you ? Nī At Paṇiyiccō?
build it?
24. Did you ring ? Nī Maṇiyaṭiccō?
the bell?
(3) HAS, HAVE, HAD ( , ) (uṇṭ, uṇṭāyirunnu)

25. Has he Avan Acchan
written to father? ? Eẕutiyō?
26. Has her ? Avaḷuṭe
temperature gone Panikuṟaññō?
down?
27. Has Anurag Anurāgin
missed the train? ? Tivaṇṭi
Kiṭṭiyila?
28. Have you Ninṛe Ellā
spent all your ? Paṇavuṃ
money? Cilavākkiyō?
29. Have you Nī Enteṅkiluṃ
ever driven any Eteṅkiluṃ Kāṟ
car? ? Ōṭicciṭṭuṇṭō?
30. Have you my ◌ Enṟe Tūvālo Nī
handkerchief? Kaṇṭō?
31. Had the Tapālkkāran
postman ? Katt Tannuvō?
delivered any
letter?
32. Had you Ninṛe Jōli
finished your ? Pūrttiyākkiyō?
work?
33. Had you ever Nī Eppōḷ
Bombay? Eṅkiluṃ
◌ ? Bōmbaykk
Cenniṭṭuṇṭō?
(4) WILL, SHALL, WOULD, SHOULD ( , )

(Ākuṃ, Āyirikkuṃ)
34. Will they Avar Kṛitya
attend the Samayattil
meeting in Yōgattil
time? ? Hājarākumō?
35. Will you Avaḷe Sēṟṟaṣanil
meet her at ? Nī
the station? Kaṇṭumuṭṭumō?
36. Shall I not Ñān Māppu
apologize for Cōdikkaṇamō
my mistake? ? Enṟe Teṛṛināyi
37. Shall we Nāṃ Avaḷe
call on her? ? Sandarśikkaṇamō?
38. Would he Enikk Āvaśya
give me Some muṇṭeṅkil
rupees if I Kuṟaccu Paṇaṃ
needed some ? Avan Tarumō?
money?
39. Would Ñān Paṟaññatu
you tell me Teṟṟāṇeṅkil
the correct śariyāya Uttaraṃ
answer if I am ? NῙ Paṟayāmō?
mistaken?
40. Should i Ñān Ninne
not disturb ? Saṃśayikkaṇamō?
you?
41. should we Maṟṟuḷḷavaruṭe

forget the Mahat Kṛtyaṅṅal
noble acts of ? Nāṃ Maṟakkāmō?
the others?
(5) CAN, COULD, MAY ( , , ), (Kaẕiyuka,

Kaẕiññu, Ākāṃ.)
42. Can you Ῑ kaṭaṅkathakk
solve this uttaraṃ paṟayān
riddle? ? Ninak kaẕiyumō?
43. Can you Ῑ vēli Cāṭikkaṭakkān
jump over this Ninakkākumō?
fence? ?
44. Could he Avan samayattin
come in time? ? Varān Kaẕiyumō?
45. Could we Ῑ vēla Oṟṟakk
do this job Namukk Ceyyuvān
alone? ? Kaẕiyumō?
46. May i come , Sār, Ñān Akattēkk
in sir? . Varaṭṭe?
47. May I , Māḍaṃ, Ñān
accompany you Niṅṇaluṭe Kūṭe
Madam? Varaṭṭe?
48. May I have Dayavāyi
your attention? śraddhikku
28TH STEP

(Cōdya Sūcakamāya Vākyaṅṅa!)
Interrogative Sentences With
(1) WHAT WHEN WHERE WHY

( , , , , ) Ent, Eppō!, Eviṭe,
Entkoṇṭ.
1. What is ? Ninṟe Pēr Entāṇ?
your
name?
2. What is ? Entāṇ Ninṟē Vayass?
your age?
3. What itinṟe Artthamentāṇ?
does this ?
mean?
4. What ? Ninakk Ent Vēṇaṃ?
Do You
Want?
5. What ? Nī Entu Koṭuttu?
did you
pay?
6. What ? Nī Ent Eṭukkuṃ?
will you
take?
7. What Ninakk Entu Niṟamāṇ
colour do ? Iṣṭaṃ?
you like?
8. What Ninakk Entu Kῡli
wages do ? Vēṇaṃ?
you want?
9. What is o ? Ninṟe vinōdaṃ Ent?
your
hobby?
10. When Rāvile NῙ Eppō!
do you get Eẕunnēlkkuṃ?
up in the
morning?
11. When Ῑ Vārtta Nī Eppō!
did you ? kēṭṭu?
hear the
news?
12. When Nām Eppō!
shall we . Tiriccuvaruṃ?
return?
13. When Ninṟe Jōli Nī Eppō!
will you ? Tīrkkuṃ?
finish your
work?
14. When Eppōẕāṇ Aval Avaḷuṭe
did she tell ? Katha Ninnōṭ
you her Paṟaññat?
story?
15. When ? Avar Ini Eppō!
will they Kāṇuṃ?
meet
again?
16. When Ninṟe Kār Eppō!
was your ? Mōṣṭikkappeṭṭu?
car stolen?
17. When Nī Ninṟe Putiya
do you Vastraṃ Eppō!
wear your ? Dharikkuṃ?
new pant
clothes?
18. When Ñaṅṅa! Eppōẕāņ ī
do we . Sthalaṃ Vițuka?
have to
leave this
station?
19. At Rātri Nī Eppō!
what time ? Uṟaṅṅi?
do you
sleep at
night?
20. Where ? Ninṟe Paṇa Sañci
is your Eviṭe?
purse?
21. Where ? Nī Eviṭe Pōkunnu?
are you
going?
22. Where Avar Eviṭe
do they ? TāmaSikkunnu?
live?
23. Where Ῑ Pāta Eviṭēkk
does this ? Cellunnu?
path lead
do?
24. Where Nī Eviṭe Ninn
have you .? Varunnu?
come
from?
25. Where Ñaṅṅaḷkk Pustakaṅṅaḷ
can we ? Evițe Ninn
obtain Labhikkuṃ?
books?
26. Where Ninṟe Kai Ghaṭikāraṃ
was your ? Eviṭe Nirmmiccatāṇ?
watch
made?
27. Where Nī Cāya Eviṭe Ninn
do you ? Vāṅṅunnu?
buy tea?
28. Where Ñān Eviṭeyāṇ
can I get ? Iṟaṅṅēṇṭat?
down?
29. Where Nāṃ lppō! Eviṭēkk
shall we ? Pōku?
go now?
30. Why Avan Entkoṇṭ Ῑ
does he padavikk
not apply ? Apēkṣikkunnilla?
for this
post?
31. Why Nī Entukoṇṭ
did you ? Nērattevarunnilla?
not come
early?
32. Why Ava! Entu koṇṭ Enne
did she ? Apamāniccu?
abuse me?
33. Why Nī Entin Itrayadhikaṃ
do you ? Kuṭikkunnu?
drink so
much?
34. Why Enṟe Praśnaṅṅale Nī
do you not Entukoṅṭ
solve my ? Pariharikkunnilla?
queries?
35. Why Nī Entāṇ Inn Itra
are you so ? Dukḥitanāyirikkunnat?
sad today?
36. Why Entukoṇṭāṇ Ninṟe
was your Amma Ninnōṭ
mother ? Dēṣyappeṭṭat?
angry with
you?
37. Why Cilar Entukoṇṭāṇ
do some ? Vidēśatt Pōkunnat?
people
travel
abroad?
38. Why Entukoṇṭāṇ Eṃ.El.Eye
was that . . . jayilil Ayaccat?
M.L.A. ?
sent to
prison?
39. why Nī Entukoṇṭ Enne
do you not Manassilākkuvān
try to ? Śramikkunnilla?
understand
me?
(2) WHO WHOM WHOSE ( , ) Ār, Āruṭe

40. Who is that ? Avan Ārāṇ?
fellow?
41. Who lives Ῑ vīṭṭil Ārāṇ
in this house? ? Tāmasikkunnat?
42. Who sang Ῑ Pāṭṭ Ārāṇ
this Song? ? Pāṭiyat?
43. Who repairs Kai Ghaṭikāraṃ
the watches? ? Ār Śariyākkuṃ?
44. Who Gatāgataṃ Ārāṇ
controlled the ? Niyantriccat?
traffic?
45. Whom do Ninakk Āreyāṇ
you want? ? Vēṇṭat?
46. By whom Ār Mūlmāṇ Nī
are you Jōliyil
employed? ? ǸIyamitanāyat?
47. Whom had Vīṭ Āruṭetāṇ?
you promised? ?
48. Whose ? Vah makān kiskā
house is that? hai?
49. In whose Naammuṭe
employment are Adhyāpakanmār
our teachers? Āruṭe Kīẕilāṇ
? Jōliceyyunnat?
29TH STEP

(Cōdyasūcakamāya Vākyaṅṅa!)
Interrogative Sentences with
(1) HOW HOW LONG HOW MANY HOW MUCH

( , , , ) Eṅṅane, Etrakālaṃ
Etradūraṃ, Etra
1. How do you Nī Eṅṅane
do? ? yirikkunnu?
2. How do you Ippō! Ninakk
feel now? ? Eṅṅane
Tōnnunnu?
3. How did you Satyaṃ Nī
come to know ? Eṅṅane
the truth? Aṟiyuvānițayāyi?
4. How are Nī Eṅṅaney
you? ? irikkunnnu?
5. How old are Ninakk Etra
you? ? Vayassāyi?
6. How is it At Eṅṅane
possible? ? Sādhyamākuṃ?
7. How do you Nī Eṅṅane it
manage it? Naṭattikoṇṭu
Pōkunnu?
8. How long do Etranā!ēkkāṇ
they want the Avarkk ī
rooms for? ? Muṟika! Vēṇṭa?
9. How long is Tapāl Āppīs
the post-office Ninṟe Vīṭṭil Ninn
from your ? Etra Dūrattilāṇ?
residence?
10. How long is Ῑ Muṟikk Entu
this room? ? Nīḷaṃ Varuṃ?
11. How long is Talasthānaṃ
the capital from Iviṭe Ninnu Entu
here? ? Dūraṃundu?
12. How many Ninakk Etra
family kuṭumbāṅgaṅṅa!
members have ? uṇṭ?
you?
13. How Many Ninaka Etra
brothers and Sahōdaranuṃ
sisters have . Sahō
you? darimarumuṇṭ?
14. How much . Etra paṇaṃ
money is to be koṭukkaṇaṃ?
paid?
15. How much Oru Āḷkk Nī
do you charge . Etra
per head? Vāṅṅikkunnu?
(2) WHICH ( ?) Ēt?

17. Which is your ? Ninṟe Kuṭa
umberlla? Ēt?
18. which filim will . Ñāyṟāẕca Nī
you see on sunday? Ētu Paṭaṃ
Kāṇuṃ?
19. Which is right ? Śariyāya Vaẕī
way? Ēt?
20. Which is the Ētāṇ
booking office? Ṭikkaṟaṟu
koṭu kkunna
Sthalaṃ?
21. Which is your Ninṟe
favourite book? Priyappeṭṭa
? Pustakaṃ Ēt?
22. At Which Fraṇṇṭiyar
platform does the Meyil Ēt
frontier mail arrive? Plāṟṟphōṟattil
? Varuṃ
30TH STEP
NEGATIVE SENTENCES
(Cōdyasūcaka Vākyaṅṅa!)
Negative Sentences with
(1) NOT NO-NOT NO NEVER NOTHING SELDOM

( , , , ,
). Illa, Alla, Orikkalumilla, Onnumilla, Eppōẕumilla
1. My Enṟe Acchan Naalla
father is not . Sukhamilla.
feeling
well.
2. We are Ñaṅṅaḷ Viḍḍikaḷalla.
not fools.
3. I don’t Nī Paṟayunnat
know what Entāṇenn Enikk
you say. Aṟyilla
4. I don’t Ava!ārāṇenn.
know who . Enikkaṟiyilla.
she is.
5. No, I , Illa, Enikk
don’t . Manassilākunnilla.
understand.
6. I know Еnikk Atine Paṟṟi
nothing . Onnuṃ Aṟiyilla.
about it.
7. Nothing . Pratyēkicconnumilla.
in
particular.
8. I did not Enikk onnuṃ Vēṇṭa
want
anything.
9. No sir, , Illa Sār,
the boss . Mutalāḷiyiniyuṃ
has not Vanniṭṭilla.
come yet.
10. No Itu Vaẕiyalla Itile
through . Vaẕi Pōkarut.
fare.
11. No, I , Illa, Enikk Tala
have a . Vēdanikkunu.
headache.
12. No, not , , Illa, Oṭṭumilla,
at all.
13. She is Aval Viśvasikkān
not . Paṟṟiyavaḷalla.
trustworthy.
14. Baking Kuraykkunna paṭṭi
dogs . kaṭikkilla
seldom
bite.
15. Do not . At Toṭarut
touch it.
(2) Negative Sentences with Interrogation
16. I can jump. Enikk Cāṭān-

Can’t I? . Kaẕiyuṃ Enikk
? Kaẕiyillē?
17. They will Ανar Tīrccaγāγuṃ
Surely come. , ? Varuṃ, Varillē
Won’t they? Avar?
18. They are , ? Avar Maṭhayarāṇ,
fools. Aren’t Aḷlē?
they?
19. You should Maṟṟuḷḷavare
not abuse others. Apamānikkarut.?
Should you? ? Ceyyumō Nī?
20. You must not , Nī Puka
smoke. Must ? Valikkarut,
you? Valikkumō Nī?
21. There is , Dhārāḷam Pāl
enough milk. ? Uṇṭallō, IIlē?
Isn’t it?
22. Can’t you Ninṟe Tūvāla
find your Kaṇṭeṭukkān
handkerchief? Ninakk
. Kaẕiññillē?
23. Couldn’t he Itiluṃ Nannāyi
have done better? . Avan
Ceyyumāyirunnu?
24. Won’t you be Ñaṅṅaḷe Vannu
able to come and Kāṇuvān Ninakk
see us? . Paṟṟillē?
25. Aren’t you Nī Entā Ippō!
going to walk Naṭakkuvān
now? . Pōkunnillē?
PART - 4
31ST STEP
AT HOME
(Vīṭṭil)
1. You have Nī Enne Vaḷare
come to Sandarśis#mccat
visit after a . Nāḷukaḷkk
long time Śēṣamāṇ.
2. What Entāṇ Ninne
brings you ? Iviṭekketticcat?
here?
3. I seek Ñān Ninṟe
your . Upadēśaṃ
advice. Tēṭunnu.
4. What is Ῑ Kāryattil Ninṟe
your Abhiprāyaṃ Ent
opinion on
this matter?
5. I have Kāryaṅṅaḷkkāṇ
come for Kyāvichār hai?
some
important .
matter.
6. She had Ava! Ninnekkoṇṭ
some work Cila Jōlikaḷuṇṭ
with you.
7. Come Pinne
some other Eppōẕenkilum
time. Varika.
8. Both of Niṅṅaḷ Raṇṭu
you may . pērkkuṃ Varāṃ.
come.
9. Promise Nī Varumenn
that you Satyaṃ
shall come. Ceyyuka.
10. I have Ninṟe Pēr Enikk
forgotten . Ōrmmayilla.
your name.
11. You are Ninne
beyond . Tiriccaṟiyuvān
recognition. Prayāsaṃ.
12. I woke Inn Kālatt Ñan
up early Nēratteṅ
this Eẕunnēlkku.
morning.
13. I did Nī Enne
not think it Uṇarttunnat
proper to . Enikk Śariyāyi
wake you Tōnnyilla.
up.
14. Are you Nī Iniyuṃ
still awake? . Uṇarnnāṇō
lrikkunnat
15. I shall Ñān Kuṟaccu
rest for a . Samayaṃ
while.
16. Let . Avar
them rest. Viśramikkaṭṭe.
17. I shall Ñān Pinnorikkal
come some Varāṃ.
other time
18. I am . Enikk Uṟakkaṃ
feeling Varunnu.
sleepy.
19. Go and . Pōyi
take a rest. Viśramikkuka.
21. I feel EnikkNalla
very sleepy. . Uṟakkaṃ
Tōnnunnu.
22. Please Avaḷuṭe Varavine
inform me . Kuṟicc Enne
of her Aṟiyikkuka.
arrival.
23. He left . Avan Vaḷre
a long Nēratte Pōyi.
while ago.
24. Why . Nī Entu Koṇṭ
did you not Pōyilla.
go?
25. I could Cila Aṭiyantira
not go Jōlikaḷ Kāraṇaṃ
because of . Enikk Pōkān
some Kaẕiññilla.
urgent
work.
26. Why Minaññānn Nī
did you not . Entāṇ Varāññat.
come the
day before
yesterday.
27. There Oru Atyāvaśya
was an ◌ . Jōliyuṇṭāyirunnu.
urgent
piece of
work.
28. I have Rāvile Muta Ñān
been out . Puṟattu
since Tanneyāiyirunnu.
morning.
29. They Avar Vīṭṭil
must be . Enikkāyi
waiting for Kāttirikkunam.
me at
home.
30. I cannot Iniyuṃ Enikk
stay any . Taṅṅānāvilla.
longer now.
31. , . Viṭa, Vīṇṭu
Goodbye, Kāṇāṃ.
see you
again.
32ND STEP
SHOPPING
(Sādhanaṃ Vāṅṅal)
1. Where is Senṭral Mārkkaṟṟ
the Central ?
Market?
2. I am , Ñān Aviṭēkku Pōk
going . Enṟe Pinnāle Varik
there,
follow me.
3. I want to Enikk Kuṟaccu Tu
purchase Vāṅṅaṇaṃ.
some
clothes.
4. Which is Ētāṇ Vila Kuṟañña
the ? Guṇamēnmayuḷḷa
cheapest
and best
shop?
5. How ( ? Ninṟeyaṭutt Etra Pa
much Uṇṭ?
money
have you?
6. Don’t Ninakku
spend more TāṅṅānāvuNnatila
than you Cilavu Ceyyarut.
can afford.
7. Is the ? Vila Māṟṟamillātta
price fixed?
8. State ? Ēṟṟavuṃ Kuṟañña
your Paṟayuka
minimum
price.
9. Will you ? Eẕupatu Rūpāykk
give it for Tarāmo?
seventy
rupees?
10. Count . Paṇaṃ Eṇṇuka.
the money.
11. Give . Bākki Enikku Tari
me the
balance.
12. Do you ? Kāluṟa Niṅṅa! Vilk
sell socks?
13. Buy . It Vāṅṅuka.
this one.
14. Show . Vēṟe Oru Inaṃ
me another Kāṇikkuka.
variety.
15. I do not . Itu Enikku Vēṇṭa.
want this.
16. Not so . Itra Vila Kūṭiyat V
costly.
17. I do not Enikk ī
want this
colour.
18. It is . It Maṅṅiyirikkunn
faded.
19. This is . It NallatTāṇ.
good.
20. It is It Vaḷare
very dear.
21. Quite Vila Tikaccuṃ Ku
cheap. Kuṟaññat
22. Will it ? Itu Curuṅṅumō
shrink?
23. Can Ṣūs Vāṅṅuvān Nal
you ? Kața śupārśa Ceyy
recommend
a good
shop for
shoes?
24. Bata Bāṟṟā Ṣūss Vaḷare
shoes are . Viśvasiniyamāṇ.
quite
reliable.
25. May we ? Ñaṅṅa! Vāṅṅi Tara
get it for
you?
26. Is the ? Kaṭa Vaḷare Dūray
shop far
away?
27. How ? Oru Jōṭikk Entā Vi
much for a
pair?
28. Where ? Enṟe Bil Eviṭe?
is my bill?
29. Which Paṇaṃ Kouṭkkēṇṭa
is the ? Kauṇṭar Eviṭe?
payment
counter?
30. Please Ēṟṟvuṃ Kūṭutal
give me the . Kuṟaccu Tarū.
maximum
discount.
31. The Enteṅkiluṃ Piśakō
error or Uṇṭeṅkil Pinne
omission . Śariyākkāṃ
will be
adjusted.
33RD STEP
CRAFTSMEN
(Karakauśalavidaghar)
(1) Cobbler (Ceruppkutti)
1. Have you ment my Enṟe Cerupp
shoes? . Nannākkiyō.
2. I want to get these Ῑ Cerupp Ṟisō!
shoes resoled. Ceyyaṇaṃ.
3. What would you Ṟisōḷ Ceyyu
charge for resoling? ? Vān Entāṇ
Kūli?
4. Don’t use nails, Āṇikaḷ
stitch it. upayōgikkaṇṭa
5. I need white laces. Enikk Veḷḷa
Nāṭa vēṇaṃ
(2) Watch-maker Ghaṭikāraṃ

Śariyākkunnayāḷ.
6. What is Niṅṅaḷuṭe Kai
wrong with Ghaṭikārattin Entāṇ
your watch? Kuẕappaṃ?
7. This watch Ῑ Kai Ghaṭikāraṃ
gains eight Divasavuṃ Eṭṭu
minutes a day. Nimiṣaṃ
.
8. That watch 24 Ā Kai Ghaṭikāraṃ 24
loses six 6 Maṇikūṟil 6
minutes in 24 Nimiṣaṃ Kuṟaccu
hours. Kāṇikkunnu.
9. Did you drop Ῑ Kai Ghaṭikāraṃ
this watch? Niṅṅaḷuṭe Kaiyil
Niṅṅuṃ Tāẕe
. Vīṇirunnō.
10. The balance Ῑ Vāccinṟe Śēṣicca
of this watch is Bhāgaṃ Uṭaññupōyi.
broken. .
(3) Tailor - Tayyalkkāran

11. Is Iviṭe Nalla
there ? Tayyalkaṭayuṇṭō?
any
good
tailor’s
shop?
12. I Enikk Oru Sūṭṭ
want to . Taykkaṇaṃ.
have a
suit
stitched.
13. Ayañña Rītiyil
Would Taykkunnat
you like Iṣṭamāṇ.
loose
fitting.
14. No, ? , Illa
I would Iṟukkattiluḷḷatāṇ
like Enikk Iṣṭaṃ
tight
fitting.
15. Is Kuppāyaṃ
the shirt Tayccō?
ready?
16. Yes, , Uve, Istiriyiṭṭāl
I have . Mātraṃ Mati.
only to
iron it.
(4) Hair-dresser – Muṭiveṭṭukāran

17. How long do I Ñān
have to wait? Etranēramāyi
Kāttirikkaṇaṃ?
18. What do you Mukhakṣauraṃ
charge for a clean ’ Ceyyān Entāṇ
shave? Kūli?
19. Please sharpen Kattikk Mūrcca
the razor. Kūṭṭuka.
20. Your razor is Niṇṇaḷuṭe Katti
blunt. Mūrccakuṟa
ññirikkunnu.
21. Cut my hair, , Enṟe Muṭi
but not too short. Veṭṭuka, Nīḷaṃ
Adhikaṃ
Kuṟaykkaṇṭa.
(5) Grocer - Palavyajñana Vyāpāri

22. This is a fair Itu Nyāya Vila
price shop. Kaṭa
23. ‘Fixed price’ and ‘ ’, ‘ ‘Orē Vila’, ‘Kaṭaṃ
‘No credit’ these are ’ Illa’. ltatre
our mottos. Ñaṅṅaḷuṭe
Niyamaṃ.
24. We arrange Ñaññaḷ Vīṭṭil
home delivery. Sādhanaṅṅaḷ
Ettikkunnu
25. Please give me Dayavu Ceytu Oru
one kg. pure Desi Kilō Śuddhamāya
Ghee. . Dēśi Neyy Tarika.
26. How much is it? ? Tuka Etrayāṇ?
(6) Dry Cleaner/Washerman - Alakkukāran

27. I must have Ῑ Tuṇikaḷ Enikk
these clothes Orāẕccaykkuḷḷil
within a week. Vēṇaṃ.
28. I want this Ī Syūṭṭ Ḍraiklīn
suit dry cleaned. . Ceyyaṇcaṃ.
29. This shirt is Ī Kuppāyaṃ
not properly . Nannāyi
washed. Kaẕukiyiṭṭilla.
30. These are Itu PaṭṭuVastraṅṅaḷ
silken clothes. Akunnu.
Wash them . Śraddhayōțe
carefully. Kaẕukuka.
.
31. The trousers Ī Kāluṟa Nannāyi
are badly ironed. . Istiri Ceytilla.
32. You must Nī Ava Tiricc
take them back. . Eṭukkaṇoṃ.
33. Your charges Niṅṅaḷuṭe Kūli
are too much. . Vaḷareyadhikamāṇ.
34. Of course, Tīrccayāyuṃ
we have a Ňaṅṅaḷ Kṛtyamāyi
prompt service. . Sēva Ceyyunnu.
34TH STEP
FOODS & DRINKS

, .
(Bhakṣaṇaṃ, Pāniyaṅṅaḷuṃ.)
1. I am feeling Enikku
hungry. . Viśakkunnu.
2. Where can I Enikku Oru Nalla
get a good meal? ? Ūṇu Labhikkuka?
3. Come, let us Varu, Namukk
take our food. . Āhāraṃ
Kaẕikkāṃ.
4. What will you ? Nī Ent
have? Kaẕikkuṃ?
5. Please give Dayavāyi Enıkku
me the menu. . Paṭṭika Tarika.
6. Get the Prātal Toyyāṟākki
breakfast ready. . Taru.
7. Please have Innatte
your food with Bhakṣaṇaṃ
us today. Dayavāyi Ñaṅṅa!
ōppaṃ
Kaẕikkuka.
8. Do you have a Ninakk Oru
special diet? Viśēṣa Āhāra
. Kramaṃ Uṇṭō?
9. Do you prefer Niṅṅaḷkk Vēṇṭat
sweet or salty Madhuraṃ
dish? Niṟañña
Āhāramaṇō
? Uppukalarnna
Āhāramāṇō?
10. Please give Enikku Dayavāyi
me Gujrati Gujarātti
dishes. . Bhakṣaṇaṃ
Tarika.
11. Please give Dayavāyi Enikk
me salt and kurumuḷakuṃ
pepper. . Uppuṃ Tarika.
12. The mango is Mānpaẕaṃ Enṟe
my favourite . lṣṭamuḷḷa
fruit. Paẕamāṇ.
13. What would Ninakk Entā
you prefer Indian lṣṭaṃ Intyanō
or Continental ? Vidēśiyō?
food?
14. Which drink Ninakk Ent
would you like . Pāniyaṃ Vēṇaṃ.
to have-Campa ? Kyāpāyō
or Limca? Liṅkayō?
15. Please give Dayavāyi Enikku
me a cup of . Oru Kappu Kāppi
coffee. Tarika.
16. Would you Nī Viski
like to have Kuṭikkuvān
whisky? ? Āgrahikkunnuvō?
17. No sir, I will , Illa Sār, Ñān
drink beer. . Biyar Kuṭikkāṃ.
18. Give me a Dayavāyi Enikku
little more Water. Kuṟaccukūṭi
. Veḷḷaṃ Tarika.
19. I am , Ñān Māṃsa
vegetarian, I Āhāraṅṅa!
cannot take non- . Kaẕikkilla.
vegetarian dish.
20. Food has Āhāraṃ Viḷanpi
been served. . Kaẕiññu.
21. The food is Āhārattin Nalla
quite tasty. . Ruci.
22. You have Nī Vaḷare
eaten very little Kuṟaccu Mātrame
. Kaẕiccuḷḷu.
23. Please give Enikk Dayavāyi
me some Viśappuṇṭākunna
appetizer. . Enteṅkiluṃ
Tarika.
24. I have to go Enikk
to a party. Orupārṭṭikk
. Pōkaṇaṃ
25. Please bring Dayavāyi Enikk
some milk for . Kuṟaccu Pāl
me. Tarika.
26. Please put Dayavāyi Pālil
only a little Kuṟaccu
sugar in the . Pañcasārayiṭuka.
milk.
27. Please have Dayavāyi Ī
this soft drink. . Pāniyaṃ
Kuṭikkuka.
28. Have a little Kuṟaccu Kūṭi
more. . Kaẕikkuka.
29. Bring a cup Oru Kapp Cāya
of tea. . Koṇṭuvarika.
30. I don’t like Enikk Cāya
tea. Iṣṭamalla.
31. Thanks, I am , Nandi, Enikk
fully gratified. . Vaḷare Tṛptiyāyi.
32. Please give . Dayavāyi Bil
me the bill. Tarika.
33. Is the service Sēvana Tuka
charge included? ? Cērttiṭṭuṇṭō?
34. No sir, that is , Illa Sār, At
extra. . VēṟeTaraṇaṃ.
35. Please help Dayavāyi Enṟe
me to wash my Kaika!
hands. . Kaẕukuvān
Sahāyikkuka.
35TH STEP
HOTEL & RESTAURANT

(Hōṭṭaluṃ hakṣaṇaśālayuṃ)
1. Which is Ῑ Paṭṭaṇattil
the best hotel Ēṟṟavuṃ Nalla
in this city? ? Hōṭṭal Etāṇ?
2. I need a Enikk Kuḷimuṟi
single Aṭakkamuḷḷa
bedroom with . Murivēṇaṃ.
attached bath.
3. Will this Ῑ Muṟi Ninakk
room suit you? ? Yōjikkumō?
4. How much Ῑ Muṟikk Entā
does this room ? Divasa Vāṭaka?
cost per day?
5. I shall stay Ñān Orāẕca
for two weeks. . Tāmasiccēkkuṃ.
6. The charges Muṟiyuṭe Oru
for the room is . Divasavāṭaka
thirty rupees Muppatu Rūpa
per day.
7. Can I have Enikk Cūṭuveḷḷattil
a hot water Kuḷikkāmō?
bath? ?
8. Send the Rūmbōyiye Enṟe
room boy to Aṭukkal
me. . Ayakkuka.
9. Is there any ? Enikku Katt Uṇṭō
letter for me?
10. I want Enikk Vēṟe Oru
another . Putapp Vēṇaṃ
blanket.
11. Change the Ῑ Virippuka!
sheets. . Māṟṟuka.
12. I want one Enikk Our
more pillow. . Talayaṇa Kūṭl
VēṇAṃ.
13. Is there Enikk Phõṇ
any phone for ? Sandēśaṃ Vallatu
me? Uṇṭō?
14. Please Dayavāyi Muri
have the room . Vṛttiyākkuka.
swept.
15. Please Dayavāyi Tapāl
bring some Nilayattil Ninn
postage Kuṟaaccu Sṟṟānp
stamps from . Koṇṭuvarika.
the post office.
16. Bring Enikk Kuṟaccu
some fruits for . Paẕaṇṇa! Tarika
me.
17. Please Enikk Ūṇ Oru
give me lunch , Maṇikk Attāẕaṃ
at 1 P.M. and Onpata Tarika.
dinner at 9 .
P.M.
18. What are Uccaykkuṃ
the charges for Rātrikkuṃ Uḷḷa
lunch and ? Uṇinu Vila Entāṇ?
dinner?
19. We charge Oru Ūṇninu
seven rupees . Nēratte Āhārattin
for each meal. Ñaṅṅa! ĒẕuRūpa
Vāṅṅunnu.
20. Have you Iviṭe Nīntal Kuḷaṃ
a swimming ? Uṇṭō?
pool?
21. Is there an Nīntunnatin Vēre
extra charge ? Kūli
for Koṭukkaṇamō?
swimming?
22. Is the hotel Hōṭal Irupatti nālu
open for Maṇikkūr
twenty four ? Tuṟannirikkumō
hours?
23. I shall Ñān Nāḷe Nēratte
leave early . Pōyēkāṃ.
tomorrow.
24. Bring the Bill Tarū
bill.
25. There is a Bill Oru Teṟṟ Uṇṭ.
mistake in the
bill.
26. I never Ñān Vīññ
ordered the Cōdiccilla.
wine.
27. You have Niṅṅa! Billil
included wine Teṟṟāyi Vīññinṟe
in the bill Vila
Wrongly. . Cērtitirikkunnu.
28. Call the Cumatṭṭukārane
porter. . Viḷikkuka.
29. Do you Niṅṅaḷ Cekk

accept ? Vāṅṅumō
cheques?
30. No, we . Illa, Ñaṅṅaḷ
accept only Paṇaṃ Mātrame
cash. . Svīkarikkukayuḷḷu.
31. Please get Enikk Dayavāyi
me a taxi. Oru Vāṭakakār
. Ērppāṭākkitarika.
32. Please ring Ḍalhi Vimāna
to the airport Samayaṃ
to know the Aṟiyunnatin
time of the Dayavāyi
Delhi flight. Vimānattāvaḷattil
Phōṇ Ceyyuka.
33. I shall Ñān Aṭutta Māsaṃ
come again . Vīṇṭuṃ Varāṃ
next month.
34. Thanks for Niṅṅaḷuṭe Mikacca
the excellent Sēvanattin Nandi
services
provided by
you.
35. You are Tāṅkaḷkk
welcome, sir. Svāgataṃ.
36TH STEP
POST OFFICE/TELEPHONE/BANK
/ /
(Tapāl Āppīs/Ṭeliphōṇ/Paṇamiṭapāṭ Sthāpanaṃ)
Post Office . (Ṭapāl Āppīs)
1. Where can I Tapāl Āppis
find a post office? . Eviṭeyāṇ.
2. Please weigh Dayavāyee
this parcel. Pārsalinṟe
. Bhāraṃ
Nōkkukā.
3. I want to send Enikk Kuṟaccu
some money by Paṇaṃ Maṇiy
money order. . Ōrḍarayi
Ayakkaṇaṃ.
4. I want to Enikk lrunūru
deposit Rs. two Rūpa
hundred only. . Nikṣēpiccālā
mati.
5. I want to draw Enikk Munnūṟu
out Rs. three Rūpa Pinvaliccāl
hundred only. Mati.
6. Please give me Enikk Oru Inlanṟ
an Inland Letter. . Tarika.
7. How much does Oru Kavaṟi Entā
an envelope cost? ? Vila?
8. I want to send it Enikk lt
by registered post. Ṟejisṟṟarḍ Tapāl
. Āyiṭṭu Aykkaṇaṃ
9. How much Oru Pōsṟṟ Kārḍin
should I give for a ? Entā Vila?
post card?
10. Please give me Oru Rūpayuṭe
a one rupee postal . sṟṟānp Tarika.t
stamp.
11. I want to send Enikk Oru Kanpi
a telegram. . Sandēśaṃ
Aykkaṇaṃṅ.
12. I want to send Kuṟaccu Paṇaṃ
some money Kanpittappāl
telegraphically. Mukhēna
Enikkayakkaṇaṃ.
13. Please give me Phrānsilēkk
an aerogram for Aykkuvān Oru
France. . Ēṟōgrāṃ Tarika.
14. Please give me Ṭeliphōṇ Paṭṭika
the telephone . Tarika.
directory
Telephone Ṭeliphōṇ
15. Where can I Ñān Eviṭēkk
give a call? ? Viḷikkaṇaṃ
16. This telephone Ē Ṭeliphōṇ
is out of order. . Takarāṟilāṇ
17. I want to book Enikk
a trunk call for Bhuvanēśvarilēkk
Bhubaneswar. Oru Ṭraṅkkā!
. Bukk Ceyyaṇaṃ.
18. Hello, this is , Halō, Itu Abha
Abha here. Āṇ Iviṭe
19. May I talk to Enikk
Minakshi? Mīnākṣiyōṭu
? Saṃsārikkāmō?
20. Hello, , Halō
Minakshi speaking Mīnākṣiyāṇe
Saṃsārikkunnat
21. Please ring me Dayavāyi
at 8o’clock. Eṭṭumaṇikk
. Viḷikkuka.
Bank Bāṅk
22. Where is the Intyan Ōvarsis
Indian Overseas ? Bāṅk Eviṭeyāṇ
Bank?
23. Can I meet the Enikk Mānējare
manager? ? Kāṇāmō?
24. I want to open Enikk Oru Sēviṅg
a savings bank Bāṅk Akkauṇṭ
account. Tuṭaṅṅaṇaṃ.
.
25. Please open a Enṟe
current account in Sthāpanattinṟe
the name of my Pēril Oru Kaṟanṟ
firm. Akkauṇṭ
. Tuṭaṅṅuka.
26. I want to Enikk Paṇaṃ
deposit money. . Nikṣēpikkaṇaṃ.
27. I want to draw Enikk Paṇaṃ
out money. . Eṭukkaṇaṃ.
28. Please give me Enikk Oru Cekk
an open cheque. . Tarika
29. Please issue Dayavāyi Pattu
me a cheque book Cekkuka! Uḷḷa
containing ten . Oru Pustakaṃ
cheques. Tarika.
30. Please tell me Enṟe Kaṇakkil
the balance of my Uḷḷa Bākki Tuka
account. . Etrayāṇenn
Paṟayuu.
31. Please Enṟe Kaṇakku
complete my pass Pustakaṃ
book. . Pūrttiyakkuṅ
32. I want a loan Enikku Oru Kaḷar
for buying a Ṭeliviṣan
colour television. Vāṅṅuvān Vāypa
. Vēṇaṃ
33. I want to meet Enikku Ējanṟine
the agent. . kāṇaṇaṃ.
34. Have any of Enṟe Ēteṅkiluṃ
my cheques been cekk paṇamillāte
dishonoured? . muṭaṅṅippōyō?
35. This bank’s Ī Bāṅkinṟe
service is very . Sēvanaṃi
good. Mikaccatāṇ.
37TH STEP
WHILE TRAVELLING
(Yātra Ceyyunpōḷ)
1. I am Ñān Kutira
going out Savārikkāy
for a ride. . Puṟattēkk Pōkannu.
2. Where is . Kutirālayaṃ
the stable? Eviṭeyāṇ.
3. I want to Enikk Kuṟaccu
dismount Nērattēkk lṟaṅṅi.
for a while. . Nilkkaṇaṃ.
4. Don’t Avane Cāṭṭayāl
whip him. Aṭikkaṇṭa.
5. Give him Avan Kuṟaccu Pull
some grass. . Nalkuka.
6. Take off . Kutira Muḷḷ Ețuttu
the spurs. Māṟṟuka.
7. I wish to Ñān Kāṟil Pōkuvān
go by Car. . Āgrahikkunnu.
8. Its wheel Avanṟe Cakraṃ
is not good. . Atra Nallatalla.
9. Where ? Ῑ Ṟōḍ Eviṭēkkāṇ?
does this
road lead
to?
10. Leave . Kāṟ Iviṭe Nirttuka.
the car here.
11. Parking Niṟuttunnat
is . Nirōḍhiccirikkunnu.
prohibited.
12. Does Ī Ṭrāṃ Pāta Ṟayilve
this Nilayattinaṭuttu
tramway ? Pōkunnu?
pass near
the railway
station?
13. When Ῑ Bass Puṟappețuṃ?
will this bus ?
start?
14. Let me Nāṃ Eppōḷ
know when Kāṣmīril Ettumenn
we shall ? Enne Aṟiyikkāmō?
reach
Kashmir.
15. I wish to Ṣikārayuṭe Arikil
roam by Ñān Cuṟṟuvān
shikara. . Āgrahikkunnu.
16. Where is Eviṭeyāṇ Bukkiṅg
the booking ? Ōphīs?
office?
17. Is there KāṇuvānTakkatāyi
anything ? Ēteṅkilum Uṇtō?
Worth
seeing?
18. Kindly . Dayavāyi Alppaṃ
move a Māṟuka.
little.
19. I am Ñān Inn Bāmbaykk
going to . Pōkunnu.
Bombay
today.
20. When Aṭutta Tīvaṇṭi
does the . Eppōẕāṇ
next train Puṟappeṭuka?
start?
21. Where is Carakk Bukk
the luggage ? Ceyyunna
booking Eviṭeyāṇ.?
office?
22. How Carakkin Nī Etra
much is to ? Koṭukkuṃ.?
be paid for
luggage?
23. Get my Enṟe Irippiṭaṃ
seat . Ṟisarvv Ceyyuka.
reserved.
24. Where is Āṟānnanpar
the platform Plāṟṟphōṃ
No. 6? ? Eviṭeyāṇ.?
25. Over the Pālattin Mukaḷil.
bridge.
26. Please Bhūmikk Aṭiyiluḷḷa
go by the . Pātayil Kūṭi
underground Pōkuka.
passage.
27. There is Tīvaṇṭiyil Oru
a dining car ◌ Bhōjana Vāhanaṃ
in the train. Uṇṭ.
28. There is Irikkuvān lrippiṭam
no seat . Illa.
available.
29. The bus . Bassil Nalla
is very Tirakkuṇṭ.
crowded.
30. Do not Ōṭunna Bassil Ninn
get down . lṟaṅṅarut.
from the
moving bus.
31. Our bus Ñaṅṅaḷuṭe Bass
is in motion. . Yātrayilāṇ.
32. How Oru Kuṭṭikk
much fare ? Etrayāṇ Yātrākūli?
do you
charge for a
child?
33. Take me Enne
to the . Vimānattāvaḷattil
aerodrome. Koṇṭupōkuka.
34. Please Daγaνāγi
issue me a Siṅgappūrilēkk
return ticket Tirikevarānuḷḷa
for Ṭikkaṟṟ Nalkuka.
Singapore. .
35. Our Ñaṅṅaḷuṭe
plane Vimānaṃ
reached . Kṛtyasamayatt
Singapore in Siṅgappūril
time. Etticērnnu.
38TH STEP
HEALTH & HYGIENE

(Ārōgyavuṃ Vṛttiyuṃ)
1. Health Ārōgyamāṇ
is wealth. Sanpatt.
2. Sukhappeṭuttunna
Prevention tiluṃ Bhēdaṃ
is better . Rōgaṃ Varāte
than cure. Nōkkunnatāṇ.
3. She is . Avaḷ Vaḷare
very tired. Kṣīṇitayāṇ.
4. My Enṟe Ārōgyaṃ
health has . Takarnnuppōyi.
broken
down.
5. He has Avan Tanṟe
recovered. . Ārōgyaṃ
Vīṇṭeṭuttu.
6. I am . Enikk Uṟakkaṃ
feeling Varunnu.
sleepy.
7. We . Nāṃ Pakal
should not Samayaṃ
sleep Uṟaṅṅarut.
during the
day.
8. Will ? Nī Naṭakkān
you come Varunnō.?
for a
walk?
9. He is Avan
better than Innalettakkāḷuṃ
he was . Bhēdamuṇṭ.
yesterday.
10. I am . Enikk Inn
not well Sukhamilla.
today.
11. Will Nī Marunnu
you not ? Kaẕikkillē.
take the
medicine?
12. How Ninṟe Pitāv
is your . Eṅṅaneyirikkunnu.
father?
Doctor & Patient — Vaidyanuṃ Rōgiyuṃ

13. Let me Ñān Ninṟe Nādi
feel your Miṭipp Nōkkaṭṭe.
pulse. .
14. I am EnikK Inn Nalla
feeling out Sukhaṃ Tōnnunnilla.
of sorts .
today.
15. The Rōgi
patient is . Mariccukoṇṭirikkunnu.
sinking.
16. I suffer Ñān Dahana Kuṟavāl
from . Kaṣṭappeṭunnu.
indigestion.
17. She feels Avaḷkk Ōkkānikkān
nausea. Tōnnunnō.
.
18. Do you Ninakk Unmēṣa
feel dizzy? Kkuṟav Tōnnunnō?
19. She is Ava! Ippō! Apakaṭaṃ
out of . Viṭṭoẕiññu.
danger now.
20. The Kuṭṭi Pall Kaṭikkunnu.
child is .
cutting the
teeth.
21. How Nī Etra Ḍōs Eṭuttu.
many doses .
have you
taken?
22. I suffer Ñān Kaṭhinamāya
from Severe Malabandhaṅkoṇṭ
constipation. . Kaṣṭappeṭunnu.?
23. You had Ninakk Vllātta
a chronic . Paniyuṇdayeruṇu.
fever.
24. I have a EnikkToṇṭayil
sore throat. . Karakarappuṇṭ.
25. Had she Avaḷkk
a headache? ? Talavēdanayuṇṭō.
26. She has Avaḷkk
pain in her . Vayaṟuvēdanayāṇ?
stomach.
27. Is he Avan Jaladōṣaṃ
suffering ? Mūlaṃ
from cold? Kaṣṭappeṭunnuvō.?
28. Show Ninṟe Nākk Kāṇikku.
me your .
tongue.
29. She has Avaḷkk Āhārattōṭuḷḷa
lost her Ārtti Naṣṭappeṭṭu.
appetite.
.
30. I have Enikk Oru Kuruuṇṭ.
got a boil. .
31. Her Avaḷuṭe Mōṇayil
gums are Rakta Srāvamuṇṭ.
bleeding.
32. Send for Oru Ḍōkțarkk
a doctor. . Ālayakkuka.
33. She has AvaḷkkKaraḷil
pain in the . Vēdanayuṇṭ.
liver.
34. You Niṅṅaḷkk Vayaṟṟpōkk
shall have Uṇtākāṃ
some .
motions.
35. The Rōgacikitsakan Nāḷe
physician . Rāvile Viḷikkuṃ.
will call the
next
morning.
39TH STEP
WEATHER
(Kālāvastha)
1. It is spring. Itu Vasanta.
. Kālamākunnu.
2. It is summer. Itu Vēnal
Kālamākunnu.
3. It is autumn. Itu
. Śaratkālamākunnu.
4. It is winter. Itu Śaityakālaṃ
. ṃākunnu.
5. It very hot Inn Cūṭ Vaḷare
today. . Kūṭutalāṇ
6. It is a very Inn Vaḷare
cold day. Taṇuppāṇ.
7. This is fine Itu Nalla
weather. . Kālāvastha
Yakunnu.
8. What a Entoru Naśicca
wretched day! ! Divasaṃ.
9. It is raining. Maẕa Peyyunnu.
10. It is Maẕa Cāṟunnu
drizzling.
11. Has the Candran Udiccō.
moon risen?
12. It has Maẕa Peyyunnat
stopped raining. Ninnu.
13. She will Avaḷkk Jaladōṣaṃ
catch a cold. . Piṭikkuṃ.
14. Is it still Ippōẕuṃ Maẕa
raining? ? Peyyunnō?
15. In the rainy Maẕakkālattil
Season, We Ñaṅṅa! Maẕakōṭṭ
Wear a raincoat. . Aṇiyunnu.
16. I am Enikk
shivering. . Viṟaykkunnu.
17. I am Enikk
perspiring. . viyaṟkkunnu.
18. I am Ñān
drenched. Nanaññirikkunnu.
19. Cool air is Taṇutta Kāṟṟ
blowing. . Aṭikkunnu.
20. What a Entoru Śaktamāya
strong wind! ! Kāṟṟ!
21. The weather . Kālāvastha
is changing. Māṟunnu.
22. The sky is Vānaṃ Mēghattāl
cloudy. . Mūṭiyirikkunnu.
23. The sky is . Minnalațikkunnu
clear.
24. There is. . lṭi Veṭṭunnu.
lightning.
25. It thunders. Sūryan
. Maṟaññirikkunnu.
26. The sun is Itu Oru Vasntak
invisible. āladivasaṃ
. Pōleyākunnu.
27. It is like a Cūṭ Tāṅṅuvān
spring day. . Paṟṟunnilla.
28. The heat is Raṇṭāẕca Nalla
unbearable. . Veyilāyirunnu.
29. It is later Itu Rātriyuṭe

part of the night. . Arddayāmamāṇ.
30. How . Etra Nalla
beautiful the Maẕavill
rainbow is!
31. It is raining Maẕa Vaḷare
heavily. Kanattu Peyyunnu.
32. It is hailing Takarttupeyyunnu.
badly. .
33. Would you Nīyoru Kuṭa
like an ? Eṭukkunnō?
umbrella?
34. How fine Etra Kāla
the climate is! ! Antarīkṣaṃ!
40TH STEP
ΤΙΜΕ
(Samayaṃ)
1. Look at Kai Ghaṭikārattil
the watch. . Nōkkuka.
2. What is Samayaṃ Entāyi?
the time?
3. What is Ninṟe Kai
the time by Ghaṭikārattil
your Samayamentāyi?
watch?
4. What Ippōḷ
o’clock is Samayamentāyi?
it?
5. It is 7 Ippōḷ Kṛtyaṃ 7
exactly 7 Maṇi.
o’clock.
6. It is half Ippōḷ Onpat Maṇi.
past nine. Kaẕiññu Ara
Maņikkūṟāyi.
7. It is a lppōḷ Mūnnu
quarter Maṇi. Kaẕiññu
past three. Patinañcu
Nimiṣamāyi.
8. It is a Ippōḷ
quarter to Nālumaņiyākuvān
four. . Patinañcu
Nimiṣaṃ Uṅṭ.
9. It is five Ippōṭ Añcumaṇi
minutes Kaẕiññ
past five. Añcunimiṣamāyi.
10. It is ten Ippō! Äṟumaṇikk
minutes to Pattu
six. Nimiṣamuṇṭ.
11. It is Ippōḷ
already Nālumaṇikaẕiññ
half past Ara Maṇikkūṟāyi.
four.
12. She Avaḷ Oru Maṇi
will reach Kaẕiññ Patinañcu
at one . Nimiṣattil Varuṃ.
fifteen.
13. We Ñaṅṅaḷ Pattu
reached Maņi Kaẕiññ,
the office Irupattiyañcu
at Miniṟṟayappōḷ
twentyfive . Ōphisīl Etti.
minutes
past ten.
14. The Bāṅk
bank was Koḷḷyaṭikkappeṭṭat
looted in . Pakal
broad Veḷiccattilāņ.
daylight.
15. The Canta Tiṅkaḷāẕca
market is . Aṭaccirikkuṃ.
closed on
Monday.
16. We Onnara Maṇikkāṇ
take lunch . Ñaññaḷuṭe Ūṇ.
at half past
one.
17. This Ῑ Kaṭa Raṇṭara
shop . Maṇikk Viṇṭuṃ
reopens at Taṟakkunnu.
half past
two.
18. It is ten Ippōḷ Samayaṃ
A.M. Rāvile Pattu
Maṇi.
19. We Ñaṅṅaḷ Kṛtyaṃ
leave the Añcumaṇikk
office Ophīssu Viṭunnu.
exactly
20. Is your Ninṟe Kai
wrist . Vaikiyāṇō
watch Ōṭunnat.
slow?
21. Is this Ī Ṭaimpīs
timepiece Vēgattilāṇō
fast? Ōṭunnat?
22. Is the Ōphīs Ghaṭikāraṃ
officeclock Kṟtyamāyi
not exact? Ōṭunnillē.
23. My Enṟe Pēna
pen watch Ghaṭikāraṃ
has Ninnu Pōyi.
stopped.
24. It is . Udikkān
time to Samayamāyi.
rise.
25. You Nī Onnara
are half an . Maṇikkūr
hour late. Tāmasiccu.
26. She is Avaḷ
ten . Pattunimiṣaṃ
minutes Nēratteyāṇ.
early.
27. It is . itu Naṭu Rātriyāṇ.
midnight.
28. My Enṟe Amma
mother . Atirāvile
gets up EẕunnēIkkunnu.
early in the
morning.
29. Last Kaziñña Māsaṃ
month, we . Ñaṅṅaḷ
were not Iviṭeyillāyirunnu.
here.
30. We Ñṅṅaḷ Ῑ Māsaṃ
shall . Iviṭe Taṅṅuṃ.
remain
here this
month.
31. I shall Ñān Aṭutta
go to Māsaṃ Siṃlāykk
Simla next Celluṃ.
month.
PART-5
41ST STEP
LET US TALK
(Namukku Saṃsārikkāṃ)
INTRODUCTION – ( ) Mukhavura
How do you do? Nī Eṅṅane
? Yirikkunnu?
Tell me, please, Dayavāyi
are you a . Ennōṭu Paṟayu.
student? Nī Oru
Vidyārtthiyāṇō?
Yes, I am a , Ate, Ñān Oru
student. . Vidyārtthiyāṇ.
What is your Ninṟe Pēr
name? Entāṇ?
My name is Enṟe Pēr
Pranav Praṇav
Chakaravarti. Cakravartti.
Are you an Nī Oru
Assame or a ? Āsāṅkāranatō
Bengali? Baṅgāḷiyō?
No, I am a , Allā, Ñān
Marathi. Maṟāttiyāṇ.
Tell me, please, Dayavāyi
who is she? ? Ennōṭu paṟayū.
Avaḷ Ārāṇ?
She is my friend ( ) Avaḷ (Ābā)
Abha. . Enṟe Mitramāṇ
Is she a student? Avaḷ
? Vidyārtthiyāṇō?
No, she is a , Alla, Avaḷ Oru
translator and Vivarttakayāṇ,
works in the Jōli Ceyyunnat
Govt. office. . Sarkkār
Ōphīssil.
Thanks, Good- , Nandi, Pōy
bye. Varaṭṭe.
ABOUT LEARNING A LANGUAGE

( ) Oru Bhāṣa
Paṭhikunatine Kuṟicc)
Hello, do you , Halō, Nī Hindi s p
Hindi ? eak
Saṃsārikkumō?
Yes, I speak Uvv, Ñān Kuṟēśśē
Hindi a little. Hindi
Saṃsārikkuṃ.
You speak Nī Hindi Nannāyi
Hindi well. . Saṃsārikkunnu.
What is your Ninṟe Jāti Entāṇ?
caste? ?
My caste is Ñān Kelkkār
Kelkar. . Samudāya
kkāranāṇ.
I am Ashok Ñān Aśōk Kelkkār.
Kelkar.
Do you think Nī Aṅṅane
so? Vicārikkunnō?
I am studying Ñān Kōḷējil Hindi
college. . Paṭhikkunnu.
I want to Enikk Hindi
speak Nannāyi
Hindiwell. . Saṃsārikkaṇaṃ.
Does your Ninṟe Hindi
Hindi teacher Addhyāpakan
speak Hindi in Ninṟe Klāssil Hindi
class? ? Saṃsārikkumō.
Of course! He Tīrccayāyuṃ
Hindi fluently. addēham hindi
nannāyi
Saṃsārikkuṃ.
Do you Ninakku
understand Manassilākumō
when the Addhyāpakan
teacher speaks Hindi
Hindi? Saṃsārikkunpōḷ.
Yes, we , Ate, Ñaṅṅaḷkk
understand Manassilākuṃ fast.
speaks Vēgatil
Saṃsārikkunpōḷ
Do you speak Nī Vīṭṭil Hindi

Hindi at ? Saṃsārikkumō.
home?
Of course not! , Tīrttuṃ |lla, Enṟe
My family Kuṭumba
members do Aṃgaṅṅaḷ Hindi
not speak . Saṃsārikkilla.
Hindi.
They speak Avar
only Marathi. Maṟāttiramanu
Therefore, . Saṃsārikkuka.
only Marathi Āyatināl Ñaṅṅaḷ
at home. Vīṭṭil Maṟatti
. Mātramāṇ
Saṃsārikkunnu.
But you speak Pakṣē Nī Hindi
Hindi very Nannāyi we
well! . Saṃsārikkunnu.
Thank you . Vaḷare Nandi.
very much!
VILLAGE VERSUS CITY - ( ) Grāmavuṃ
Nagaravuṃ.
You live in Nī Grāmattil
the village, . Jīvikkunnu. Ennāl
but go to Paṭṭaṇattil
the city to . Jōlikkupōkunnu.
work.
You want to Nī Grāmattil
live in the Jīvikkuvān
village? ? Āgrahikkunnuvō.?
Oh, yes! I , Ate, Ñān Ivite
prefer to Jīvikkuvān also
there. But I like Āgrahikkunnu
live lone Ennāl Paṭṭaṇaruṃ
the city. . Enikk lṣṭamān.
Why do Entu Koṇṭ
you like the Paṭṭaṇaṃ Ninakk
city? lṣṭappeṭunnu
In the city, Paṭṭaṇattil
there are , Tiyēṟṟarukaḷ,
threatres, Kāẕcabaṅglāv
museums, Pustakaśālakaḷ
libraries . Kalālayaṅṅaḷ
and Enniva Uṇṭ.
university,
etc.
But there Mātramalla Toẕil
are also , Śālakaḷ. Bassukaḷ
factories, , Lōrikaḷ, Kāṛuka!
buses, Ellāyiṭattuṃ
trucks and . Tikkuṃ Tirakkuṃ
cars. Bahaḷavuṃ.
Everywhere
there are
crowds and
noise.
Quite right. , Tikaccuṃ Śari, Atu
That is why Koṇṭāṇ Ñān in
I prefer to Paṭṭaṇattil although
live the Jōliceytāluṃ in the
village, I do Grāmattil
work city. Jīvikkuvān
In the . Āgrahikkunnat.
village, it is Grāmattile Jīvitaṃ
quiet, the Śāntavuṃ Aviṭatte
air is fresh. . Vāyu
Śuddhavumāṇ.
And does Ninṟe Bhārya wife
your life in like Grāmattile
the village? ? Jīvitaṃ
She likes it lṣṭappeṭunnō? Avaḷ
very . Atu Vaḷareya
However, much.
now and dhikaṃIṣṭappe
then she ṭunnu.
goes to the Ennirunnāluṃ buy
city to . Avaḷ Paṭṭaṇattil
clothes and Cenn Tuṇikaḷuṃ
other Maṟṟuṃ
things. Sādhanaṅṅaḷuṃ
Vāṅṅunnu.
However, Entāyāluṃ
our family Ñaṅṅaḷuṭe
members Kuṭumbattile
are happy . Aṃgaṅṅaḷ Grāma
in the Jīvitattil
village. Santōṣamuḷḷavarāṇ.
LEARNING OF LANGUAGE (Bhāṣāpaṭhanaṃ)

Mr. Nambiar, ? Alla itār Nanpyārō?
how are you? . Eṅṅaneyirikkunnu.
Very well, . Vaḷare Nannāy irikk
thank you. . Nandi.
And how is ? Ninṟe Kuṭumbaṃ Eṅ
your family?
Thanks, all , Nandi, Ellāvaruṃ se
are well. . Nannāyirikkunnu.
By the way, I , , Kuṟaccunāḷāyi Atiri
hear that you Nī Hindi,
have been Ñān Kēṭṭu
studying
Hindi for
some time
now.
That is true, I , Atu Satyamāṇ, Enik
want to read, , , Hindi Vāyikkaṇaṃ,
speak and Samsārikkaṇaṃ,
write Hindi. Eẕutukayuṃ Vēṇaṃ
Do you find Hindi Ninakk Prayā
the Hindi ? Tōnnunnō?
language
difficult?
It seems , Vidēśikaḷkk At Pray
difficult to Pakṣē Ñānoruvidhaṃ
foreigners; . Munnēṟunnu.
but I am
making
progress.
Excellent , Vaḷare Nallat, Nī Na
you are . Hindi Saṃsārikkunn
already
speaking
well.
Thanks! I , Nandi, nan Iniyuṃ
want to . Nannāyi
speak better Saṃsārikkānāgrahik
still.
Your Ninṟe Utsāhaṃ
enthusiasm is . Abhinandanaṃ
praiseworthy. Arhikkunnu.
42ND STEP
BETWEEN TWO FRIENDS

(Raṇṭu Suhṛttukkaḷ Tammil)
Minakshi— : , Minākṣi: Halō,
Hello. How Niṅṅa! Eṅṅaney
are you ? irikkunnu
madam? Māḍaṃ?
Garima— : Garimā: well,
Pretty thanks. . Nannāyiri
And you? ? kkunnu, Niyō?
Minakshi—I : Minākṣi: Ñān
am fine, , Nannāyiri
thanks. , kkunnu, Nandi.
Garima-It’s : Garimā: Ninne
good to see . Vīṇṭum Kaṇṭatil
you again. Santōṣaṃ
***** ***** *****
Abha—Do : Abahā: Nī
you watch ◌ Ṭeliviṣan
television Adhikaṃ
very often? Kāṇāṟuṇtō.
Amit-Well, I : Amit: Ñān
some times Cilappō! Atu
watch it in the . Vaikunnēraṃ
evening. Kāṇāṟuṇṭ.
Abha-Did : Abahā: Kaẕiñña
you watch Rātri Nī
television last ? Ṭeliviṣan
night? Śraddhiccō?
Amit-Yes, I : , Amit: Ate, Ñān
did. I saw . palaNallaPari
several good pāṭikaḷu Kaṇṭu.
programmes.
***** ***** *****
Amit-Do you : Amit: Ṟēḍiyō
ever listen to ◌ Kēḷkkāṟuṇṭō?
the radio?
Abha- : , Abahā: Niścaya
Certainly, I māyuṃ, Ñān.
listen . Ellā Rātriyuṃ
practically Prāvar ttikamāyi
every night. Kēḷkkāṟuṇṭ.
Amit-What’s : Amit: Ninṟe
your favourite Iṣṭamuḷḷa Paripāṭi
programme? ? Ētāṇ?
Abha—I like : Abahā: Enikk
vandanvar Vandanvār
best of all. Ellāṟṟiluṃ Vaḷare
lṣṭamāṇ.
***** ***** *****
Shehnaz— : ṣāhnāss: Nī Eviṭe
Where did ? Pōyi?
you go?
Minaz-We : Mināss: Ñaṅṅaḷ
went to a Manōharamāya
beautiful . Oru Kaṭal Tīrattu
beach. Pōyi.
Shahnaz-Did : ṣāhnāss: Ni
you swim in Samudratti!
the ocean? ? Nīntiyō.
Minaz—Yes, : , Minās: Ate,
but I swam Karayuṭet
close to he Vaḷareyaṭutt.
shore!
***** ***** *****
Manjula- ; Maňjuḷa: Innu
What are you Rātri Ni Entu
going to do ? Ceyyuvān
tonight? Pōkunnu?
Gaurav-I : Gaurav: Ñān
have not . Tirumāniccittilla.
decided yet.
Manohar— : , Monōhar: Alla, Ā
No. That tall Uyaramuḷḷavanāṇ
fellow is Dr. . Ḍō. Bhāratēndu.
Bhartendu
Pradip—Do : Pradīp: Nīgal
you mean the Uddēśikkunnat
one over Aviṭеyirikkunna
there with Ā Uyaramuḷḷa
ainakpahne ? Manuṣyanāṇō?
spectacles?
Monohar — : , Monōhar: Ate,
Yes. The one . Kaṟutta been
with wale. Muṭiyuḷḷayal?
***** ***** *****
Inamdar— : Ināmbhar: Ni
How long ? ? Etra Nāḷayi Ivita?
have you
here?
Gopal—I : Gōpāl: Ñān Iviṭe
have been ? Raṇṭu Āẕcayāyi?
here for two
weeks.
Inamdar— : Ināmbhar:
How often do . Eppōẕellāṃ Nī
you get here? Iviṭe Varuṃ.
Gopal—I get : Gōpāl: Ī Paṭṭa
to about twice ṇattil Ñān Var
a year. . ṣattil Raṇṭuprā
vaśyaṃ Varuṃ.
Anu—Did : Anu: Nī Avadhi
you have a nāṭṭkka!
good Cilaviṭṭō?
vacation?
Satya-Yes, I : Satyā: Ate Ñān
did. I had a Cilaviṭṭa Manō
wonderful . haramāya
time. Divasaṅṅa
ḷāyirunnu
Anu—What : Anu: Nī Entokke
did you do? . Ceytu.
Satya—I : Satya: Ñān
visited some Putudilliyile Cila
old friends in Paẕaya Suhṛttu
New Delhi. . kkaḷe Sanda
rśiccu.
*****
43RD STEP
ABOUT MONEY
(Paṇattekuṟicc)
1. How Ninṛe Pakkal
much Etra Rūpayuṇṭ
money do
you have?
— Not very — . Adhikamilla.
much
***** ***** *****
2. She looks Ava! Entineyō
upset about . Paṟṟi Viṣamicc.
something. irikkunnu
— I think Ñān
she has lost Vicārikkunnu
her money. . Ava! Tanṟe
Paṇam Naṣṭa
ppeṭuttiyennu
— Are you Ninakku
sure she has Tīrccayāṇō Ava!
lost her . Paṇaṃ
money? I Kaḷaññenn
am sure she Enikku
did. Tīrccayāṇ Avaḷ
Paṇaṃ Kaḷaññu.
***** ***** *****
3. How Ninṟe Bāṅkil
many .? Entu Tukayuṇṭ.
rupees did
you have in
your bank?
— I had Enṟe Kaivaśaṃ
exactly . Kṛtyaṃ Munnūṟu
three Rūpa Uṇt.
hundred
rupees.
***** ***** *****
4. Did you Ni Ninṟe Mōṭṭār
sell your ? , Saikki! Viṟṟō?
motorcycle? Ate, At Ñānenṟe
Yes, I sold . Suhṛttin Viṟṟu.
it to my
friend
***** ***** *****
5. Could Enikk Oru Nūṟu
you lend me ? Rūpa Nāḷe
one hundred , . untilVāypa
rupees Tarāmō? Illa,
tomorrow? Enikk Kaẕiyilla.
No, I could
not.
***** ***** *****
6. Could Ninakk Aṟanūṟu
you spare RūpaNīkki
six hundred ? Enikku Ṇṭēi
rupees? vaykkāmō
— Yes, but , śari, Pakṣē Enikk
I shall need Paṇaṃ Aṭutta
the money . Āẕcaykku
before next Munpu
week. Tiriccutaraṇaṃ
7. Did you ? Ninakk Paṇaṃ
get the Kiṭṭyō?
money?
— Yes, I , Kiṭṭi, Ñān Enṟe
borrowed it Pravarttakaril
from ṭmy . Ninn Vāyppa
colleague. Vāṅṅi.
***** ***** *****
8. Have you Ninṟeyaṭuttu
got any ◌ Cillaṟayuṇṭō
change?
— Here are Itā Ivițe Pattu
seven coins paisayuṭe Eẕum
often paise Añcu paisayuṭe
and six . Āṟ Nāṇaya
coins of five ṅṅaḷuṃUṇṭ.
paise
***** ***** *****
9. Can you ī Pattu Rūpa
change this ? Nōṭṭu Matiṟa
ten rupee Tarāmō?
note?
— I am . Kșamikkuka
sorry I don’t enṟeyaṭutt Nōṭṭu
have any . illa.
note.
***** ***** *****
10. Do you Oru Nūṟu
have change ? Rūpāykk
for one Cillaṟayuṇṭō.
hundred
rupees?
— Just a Oru Nimiṣam
minute, let Nōkkaṭṭe.
me see.
11. Will you Nigalkki
get foreign . , Vidēśkaṟansi
exchange? . Labhikkuṃ. Ate,
Yes, I will. Enikkukiṭṭuṃ.
***** ***** *****
12. How Niṅṅaḷkk Etra
much will . Kiṭṭuṃ?
you get?
—A Oru Vidyārtthikk
student 5000 Oru Varșattēkk
generally 5000 Ḍōḷar
gets foreign . Vidēśa Nāṇyaṃ
exchange Labhikkunnu.
worth about
5000 dollars
per year.
***** ***** *****
13. What is Niṅṅaḷkk Ent
your Salary ? śabaḷam Uṇṭ?
— I am 400 Ñān Oru Māsam
drawing a . 400 Rūpa
salary of Śanpaḷaṃ
Rs. 400 per Vāṅṅuka.
month.
***** ***** *****
14. How Nī Etra
much do . Pratīkṣikkunnu?
you expect?
— I do not 50 Enikk 50
wish to Rūpāykku mēl
have more . Pratīkṣikkunnilla.
than fifty
rupees.
***** ***** *****
15. Do you Niṅṅal Ḍiskauṇṭ
give any ? Nalkumō?
discount
— Not at all illa?
***** ***** *****
16. Is this 20 Itinu 20
worth ? Rūpayuṭe Matipp
twenty Uṇṭō?
rupees?
— Why ? Entu koṇṭ Illa? lt
not? It is . Vila Kūṭiyatāṇ.
rather
costlier.
44TH STEP
ON THE BUS
Bassil
1. Pay for the Yātrā Cīṭṭinula
tickets. . Paṇaṃ
Koṭukkuka.
2. No, I paid last , Illa, Kaẕiñña
time. It is your Prāvaśyaṃ Ñān
turn today. . Koțuttat. It Ninṟe
. Ūẕamāṇ
3. All right. Shall , Śari, Nāṃ Ṟiṅṅṅ
we get off at the , Ṟōd, Khajpaṭṭ
ring road, Lajpat Nagaṟilallē
Nagar? . Iṟaṅṅunnat.
4. I think the Sinimā Tīyēṟṟaṟil
Central Market a Ninnu Kuṟaccu
little nearer Aṭuṭṭāṇen
sinema ke the Senṭralm ārkkaṟṟ
Cinema. Anyway Enn Ñān
the fare is the . Karutunnu.
same. , Entāyāluṃ
. Yātrakūli Onnu
Tanne.
5. Yes, it is. I , Ate, Śariyaṇ Ñān
usually get off at Pativāyi Ṟiṅṅṅ
the Ring Road. Ṟōḍilāṇ Iṟaṅṅāṟ.
But it makes no . Ennāluṃ
difference. Yātrākūli
. Vyatyāsaṃ Illa.
6. Now buy the Ippōḷ Yātrā Ciṭṭ
tickets. . Vāṅṅu.
7. The bus is Bassil Nala
over crowded, So Tirakkuṇṭrum
I think the . Kaṇṭakṭar Vaḷare
conductor is very Tirakkilāṇ.
busy.
8. But have you Ninṟe Kaivaśaṃ
got the money ? Paṇaṃ Uṇṭō?
ready?
9. Yes, I have got . Uṇṭ, Enṟe Pakkal
the exact fare. Kṛtyamāya Yātrā
. Kūli Uṇṭ.
IN A PUBLIC LIBRARY –
( ) Oru Potuvāyana śālayil
1. May I be a Enikk Vāyana
regular member śālayile
of the library? Sthirāṅgatvaṃ
? Labhikkumō?
2. Of course. , Tīrccayāyuṃ, ī
Complete this Apēkṣāphōṛaṃ
form, please, and Pūrippicc Atil Oru
get it signed by , Gasaṟṟaṇṭ Adhikāri
any Gazetted yuda Koṇṭu Opp
Officer. . Vāṅṅiccu Tarika.
3. What is the Aṃgatva Saṅkhya
membership fees? ? Etrayāṇ?
4. Not at all, the Onnuṃ
public library , Koṭukkaṇṭa, Potu
service is entirely Vāyana śālayuṭe
free. . Sēvanaṃ
Saujanyamāṇ.
5. How many Orē Somayatt Etra
books do you ? Pustakaṃ Nalkuṃ.
lend at a time?
6. The library Patinālu
lends three books Divasattēkk
for fourteen days. Mūnnu Pustakaṃ
. Nalkum.
7. I See. What is , Aṅṅaneyō,
the late fee per Pustakaṃ Tiriccu
day? Nalkan Tāmasiccāl
Koțukkēṇṭa Piẕa
. Etrayāṇ.
8. We charge ten Oru Pustakattin
paise per day for Oru Divasattēkk
each book. Patt Paisa
. īṭākkunnu.
9. What are the Vāyanaśālayuṭe
working hours of Pravarttana
the library? ? Samayaṃ Entāṇ?
10. The library 9 Vāyanaśāla Rāvile
remains Open 7.30 9 Mutal Rātri 7.30
from 9 a.m. to . vare Tuṟakkuṃ.
7.30 p.m.
AT THE THEATRE - ( ) Tiyēṟṟaṟil

1. It’s interval. Shall Itu Iṭavēḷayākunnu.
we go to the Snack . Namukk Bhakṣaṇa
bar and have a Cup of śālayil Pōyi Oru
tea. Kapp Caya
Kuṭikkāmō?
?
2. I don’t want Enikk Onnuṃ
anything. Let us Vēṇṭa Namukk
stretch our legs. Kālukaḷ
. Nīṭṭivaykkāṃ.
3. Let us go. What do . Namukk Pōkāṃ.
you think of the Nāyikaye Paṟṟi
heroine? Ninakku Enṭu
. Tōnnunnu.
4. Her performance Avaḷuṭe Abhi
was very good. nayaṃ Vaḷare
. Nannāyirunnu.
5. Really her future is Tīrccayāyuṃ
very good. Avaḷuṭe Bhāvi
. Śōbhanamāyirikuṃ.
6. She certainly Avaḷ Ellā Naṭī
surpassed all the națanmāreyuṃ
actors. . Maṟikațannu.
7. None of the others Maṟṟu Ellā Abhinē
was as good as she tākkaḷaruṃ Avaḷe
was. . Pōle Meccam.
8. Except the young Namme EIlāṃ
child Mira who made Cirippicca Mīrā
us all laugh. Enna Kuțțiyoẕicc
.
9. The bell is ringing. . Maṇi
It’s time to go back. Aṭikkunnu.Tiriccu
. Kayaṟān
Samayamāyi.
45TH STEP
ASKING THE WAY

( ) Vaẕicōdikkunna Vidhaṃ
1. Excuse me. . Kșamikkuka.
Can you tell Kṣēṭraṃ
where is Eviṭeyennu
temple? ? Paṟayāmō?
2. Which Niṅṅaḷ Ētu
temple do you Kṣētramāṇan
look . vēșikkunnat.
3. I mean Ñān Uddēśikunnat
tempe or Lakṣmīnārāyaṇanṟe
Laxmi Kṣētramāṇ.
Narayan. .
4. Oh, the Dā Birḷā
Birla Mandir. Mandiramō. Nēre
Go Pahli Ādyatte Gatāgata
trafik straight Niyan traṇa
to the first Stūpattil Cenn
traffic light . lṭattōṭṭu Tiriyuka.ṅ
and then turn
left.
5. I See. Is it , Aṅṅaneyō, At
far? ? Dūramuṇṭō?
6. Not so far. , Atra Dūramilla,
Only one . Oru Kilō
kilometre. miṟṟaṟeyuḷḷu
kilomitar
7. Turn left at Ādyatte Ṭrāphikk
the first Laiṟṟil Iṭattōṭṭu
trafficlight? . Tiriyuka?
8. When you Ninn Iṭattōṭṭu
turn left, you Tiriññāl iṭattōṭṭu
will see the TiriññāI Kṣētraṃ
temple Kāṇuṃ.
9. Thank you. . Niṅṅaḷkk Nandi.
10. Not at all. . Sāramilla. Oru
It is a matter Aparicitane
of joy to help Sahāyikkunnat
a stranger. . Santōṣamāṇ
AT THE MEDICAL STORE ( ) Marunnu Kaṭayil

1. Can you make Dayavāyi Enikk ī
up this Marunnu Kuṟipp
prescription for ? Vāyiccu Tarāmō.
me, please?
2. Certainly, Sir! , Tīrccayāyuṃ, Sār
will you come Pōyiṭṭu Pinne
later? ? Varāmō?
3. How long will ltu Entu Samayaṃ
it take? . Eṭukkuṃ.
4. Only ten Veṟuṃ Pattu
minutes. Nimiṣaṃ
5. Could you Talavēdanaykk
recommend Marunn
Something for Enteṅkiluṃ
headache? ? Śipārśa Ceyyāmō.
6. Yes, these , Ate, Ā Guḷikakaḷ
tablets are very Nannāyi
effective. Mostly . Phalikkunnavayāṇ
doctors prescribe Mikkavāṟuṃ
them nowadays. Ḍōkṭarmāruṃ
Atāṇ Ikkālatt Eẕuti
. Tarunnat.
7. All right. I will , Śari, Ñān Patt
take ten tablets. . Guḷika Vāṅṅāṃ.
8. Will that be ? Atu Matiyō
all, Sir?
9. Yes, except for Marunn Ippōḷ
my medicines? Tanne
? Tayyāṟakumō?
10. Will it be . Āyiṭṭilla,
ready now? Not Alppanēraṃ
yet. Wait for a . Dayavāyi Irikku.
short
while.Please be
seated.
ON THE TELEPHONE
( ) Ṭeliphōṇilūṭe
1. Is it Itu Ḍaimaṇṭ
Diamand Pōkkaṟṟ
Pocket ? Pustakamāṇō?
Books?
2. Yes, . . Ate.
Diamand. Namaskkāraṃ?
Good
morning.
3. May I Enikku Narēndra
Speak to Shri kumāṟinōṭu
Narendra Saṃsārikkān
Kumar? ? Kaẕiyumō
4. Sorry, he Kṣamikkuka.
has not . Addēhaṃ iniyuṃ
arrived yet. Vanniṭṭilla.
5. Can you Addēhaṃ Eppōḷ
tell when he ? Varumenn
will come? Paṟayāmō?
6. I don’t , Enikk Aṟiyilla,
know. You Niṅṅaḷkk
can give me Enteṅkiluṃ
your ? Paṟayanuṇṭō?
message.
7. Will you Ñān Lambā
tell him that Viḷiccenn
Mr. Lamba Addēhatte
called and ask ? Aṟiyikkāmō?
him to ring Vanna Uṭane
me back as Tanne Tiriccu
early as . Viḷikkaṇamennuṃ
possible? Addōhattōṭ
Paṟayuka?
8. O.K. What , Śari Niṅṅaḷuṭe
is your ? Phōṇ Nanpar
telephone Etrayāṇ?
number
please?
9. My number 654527* Enṟe Nanpar
is 654527*. .( . 654527* Āṇ. Śrī.
Mr. . Narēndran
Narendran Aṟiyāṃ.
knows it.
10. Very well, , Vaḷare Nallat, Sār
sir. I shall tell Addēhaṃ Vanna
him as . tuṃ Ñān Addēha
arrives. ttōṭ Paṟayāṃ.
46TH STEP
MAKING A TRUNK CALL

(
)
Duradēśa Ṭelaphōṇ Viḷikkunna Vidhaṃ.
Subscriber- - Varikkāran - Halō
Hello Eksēñcallē.
Exchange!
Operator-Yes, - Ōppaṟēṟṟar – Ate,
Exchange Eksēñcallēnu.
speaking.
Subs-Please - Vari-Dayavāyi
book an urgent ( Uṭane Oru Atyā
trunk call. . vaśyamāya Kō!
Bukk Ceyyuka
Op-For which - Ōppa - Ēt
city? ? Paṭṭaṇatilēkkāṇ
Subs-For Pune, - Vari-Dayavāyi
please. Pūnaykk
Op-What - Ōppa - Nanpar
number,please? Dayavāyi
Paṟayuka.
Subs—6543* - 6543* Vari- 6543*
Op-Is the call - Ōppa - Eteṅkiluṃ
in the name of Oru Vyaktiyuṭe
a person? Pērilāṇō
. Viḷikkunnat.
Subs—Yes, - , Vari - Ate,
please, it is in Yāșṣāyuṭe Pērilāṇ.
the name of
Yash Shah.
Op-Please spell - Ōppa-Pērinṟe
out the name . Akṣaraṇṅṅaḷ
Paṟayuka.
Subs-Y for – , - Vari - Yamuna
Yamuna nagar, , - , Nagaṟin Y. A -
Agra,S for A - , Āgra, S-Śrinagar, H
for Srinagar, H -
for Hyderabad Haidarābād,Ḍekkan
Deccan Kāḷēj Pūnā
College, Pune.
Op-O.K. Your - , Ōрра-Śari,
phone number? ? Niṅṅaḷuṭe Nanpar.
Sub-203606+ – 203606+ Vari - 203606+
Op—Well, - Ōppa-Dayavāyi
please wait for Oru Añcu Nimiṣaṃ
five minutes or . Kāttirikkuka
so.
Subs-What is – Vari - Enṟe
my registration Rajisṭrēṣan Nanpar
number? ? Entāṇ?
Op-B for - 1ΟΟ2 Χ Bi– Bōmbe 1002 X
Bombay 1002
x
Subs—Thank - , Vari- Nandi, Sār
you, Sir.
[After seven ( (Ēẕu Nimiṣattin
minutes] ) Śēṣaṃ)
Op-Hello, is it - , 203606+ Ōppa - Halō, Itu
203606?+ ? 203606+ Āṇō?
Subs—Yes - Vai - Ate
Speaking. . Saṃsārikkuka.
Op-Here is - Ōppa - Itā Pūnayāṇ.
your trunk call KKulla Niṅṅaḷuṭe
to Pune. Please Ṭelaphōṇ
Speak to your Kāḷ.Niṅṅaḷ Ayāḷōṭu
friend. . Saṃsāriccōḷu.
Subs—Thank - . Vari - Vaḷare Nandi.
you very much.
Subs—Hello, - Vari - Halō Yāṣṣā
Yash Shah? Āṇō
? Saṃsārikkunnat?
Yash- - Yāṣṣā-Ate
Speaking.
Subs-Amit Ḍalhiyil Ninn
from Delhi. Amitāṇ
Yash-Oh Your - Yāṣ - Ninṟe Acchan
father was very Ninnekkuṟicc
anxious about Vaḷare Utkaṇṭhā
you. . kulanāyirunnu.
Amit- I arrived - Amit - Ñān Iviṭe
here only . Innallē Vannuḷḷu.
yesterday.
Yash—HoW - Yāṣ - Kuṭumbattil
are all in the Ellāvaruṃ
family? How is Eṅṅaneyirikkunnu?
my sister-in Enṟe Nāttūn
law? your Eṅṅaneyirikkunnu?
mother? Ninṟe Amma?
Amit-All are - Amit -
O.K. Where is . Ellāvarkkuṃ
my father? ? Sukhaṃ Tanne.
Enṟe Amit
Eviṭeyāṇ?
Yash-He has - Yāṣ-Addēhaṃ Oru
gone to attend Sāhitya a Yōgattil
literary Paṅkeṭukkān
meeting. . PōyiṬṭuṇṭ.
Amit-How is - Amit - AVan
he? ? Eṅṅaney irikkunnu.
Yash—My - ? Yāṣ - Enṟe
brother? He is . Sahōdaran, Ayāḷkk
very well. He Sukhaṃ Tanne
is busy in Avan Oru Nighaṇṭu
compiling a . Uṇṭākkunna
classified Tirakkilāṇ,
dictionary.
Amit-How is - Amit – Ammāvan
uncle? ? Sukhaṃ Tanne?
Yash-Very - Yāṣ: Sukhaṃ
well. Today he Tanne Innu Avan
has gone to Bōmbaykk Pōyi
Bombay. . ṭuṇṭ.
Amit-How - Amit - Iniyuṃ Etra
much work is Jōli Ceytu
to be done yet? ? Tīrkkānuṇṭ?
Yash—The - Yāṣ-Jōli Ētāṇṭu
work is almost . Tīrnnu Kaẕiññu.
done.Only Punaḥ poriśōdhana
revision is . Āvaśyamuṇṭ.
required.
Amit-Ask my - Amit - Viḷikkuvān
father to ring Nāḷe Kālatt
me up . Āṟaramaṇikku
tomorrow Paṟayuka.
morning at half
past six.
Yash-O.K. I - , . Yāṣ: Śari, Ñān
shall tell him. Paṟayāṃ.
[After concluding the talk]
Subs-HelloSir, - , Vari-Sār,
my talk is Saṃsāriccuṃ
finished. . Kaẕiññu. Cārjj
Would you Etrayāy Ennu
kindly let me ? Dayavāyi
know the Paṟayāmō?
charges?
Op-Rupees - . Ōppa-Aṟupatu
Sixty, Sir. Rūpa Sār.
Subs—Thank - Vari - Nandi
you.
(* six, five, four, * , , , +
three + two not
three six not six X X
one not not two )
47TH STEP
ABOUT A TRIP
- Oru Yātraye Paṟṟi.
Abha-Puja, have : Abhā: Pūjā
ever been to Eppōẕeṅkiluṃ Ni
Mahabalipuram? Mahābalipuraṃ
? Pōyiṭṭunṭō?
Puja-No, I could : , Pūja: Illa, Enikk Atin
not spare my Enṟe Samayaṃ
time for it. Otukkuvān
. Kaẕiññiṭṭilla
Abha-Just have : Abhā: Veṟute
a short trip. It . Laghuyātra
enables you to Naṭattuka.
witness a Prakṟtiramaṇi
charming . yamaya
scenery. Dṟśyaṅṅaḷkāṇān
Niṅṅaḷkkāvuṃ.
Puja-O.K. I shall : , Pūja: Śari, Ñān Nāḷe
go for a short Enṟe Acchanṟekūṭe
visit tomorraw . Oru Yātra Ceyyuṃ.
with my father.
[The very next Toṭṭaṭutta Divasaṃ
day Abha asks Tanne Abhā Pūjayōṭ
Puja] . Cōdikkunnu.
Abha-How did : Abahā: Ninakku
you like Mahābalipuraṃ Etra
Mahabalipuram? ? lșṭappeṭṭu?
Puja-It was : Pūjā: Atu Tikaccuṃ
really . Manōharamāyirunnu.
marvellous.
Abha-Have you : Abahā: Kaṭal Tīratte
not visited the Śilppaṅṅa! Kaṇtillē?
Sculptures by ?
the side of the
Sea-shore?
Puja-Indeed, I : . Pūja: Kaṇṭu, Ennāl
have, but I am Ñān Atil Pakṣē Cila
not attracted to it Mata Viśvāsaṃ
by Some . Mūlaṃ
religious faith. Ākarṣikkappeṭṭilla.
Abha— : Abahā: Ñān Paṟaññ
Understand my atinṟe Arthaṃ
point. You are a Manassilāyō Nī Oru
poet. Did you Kaviyāṇ
not See any Mahābalipuraṃ
work of art in Muẕuvanuṃ Citaṟi
the sculpture ? Kiṭakkunnu Śippaṅ
Scattered around ṅaḷileKali kālavirutu
Mahabalipuram? Nī Kaṇṭuvō.
Puja-There are : Pūjā: Ava
certainly works . Niścayamāyu
of art and I Kalāivirutu Tanne.
appreciated . Ñān Avaye
them. I was Praśaṃsikkunnu Ñān
really . Tīrccayāyuṃ Atil
impressed. Vyāmugdayāyi.
Abha-Apart : , Abahā: Atin Puṟame
from this, how Kaṭal Kāzcaka! Nī
did you enjoy ? Eṅṅane Āsvadiccu?
the view of the
Sea?
Puja-I cannot : Pūja:Vākkukaḷil Ava
express that in Vivarikkuvān
words. It was Prayāsaṃ Atu
marvellous . Tirccayāyuṃ Vaḷare
indeed Manō haramā
yirikkunnu.
ABOUT ATOUR
(Oru Yātraye Kuṟicc)
Uma-Papa, Acchan Raṇṭ Māsa
you, have Ttinu Śēṣamā Ṇallā
COme Niṅṅaḷ Maṭaṅṅi
back after Vannirikkunnat
tWO Ētokke
months. Sthalaṅṅaḷılāṇ
Please tell Sandarśiccatenann
me, what ? Paṟayāmō?
places you
have
visited.
Papa– : , Acchan: Paṟayāṃ
Come On Makaḷē,Ñān
my Bhārataṃ Muẕuvan.
daughter. I . Cuṟṟikkaṟaṅṅiyiṭṭāṇ
am Varunnat.
returning
after
touring
throughout
India.
Uma-Papa, : Uma: Acchanādyaṃ
Where did ? Eviṭeyāṇ Pōyat?
you go
first?
Papa— : Acchan: Ādyaṃ Ñān
First of all, . Ḍalhikk Pōyi.
I went to Bhāratattinṟe
Delhi. . Talasthāna Māṇallō.
Delhi is
the Capital
of India.
Uma-What : Uma: Ḍalhiyil
did you ? Entellāṃ Kaṇṭu?
see in
Delhi?
Papa—In : Acchan: Paẕaya
Old Delhi . Ḍalhiyil Ñān
I Saw the Ceṅkōṭṭa Kaṇṭu, Putu
Red Fort. I , Ḍalhiyil Kēndra
visited the , Sekraṭṭaṟiyeṟṟ, Birḷā
Central Mandiraṃ, Kuttab
Secretariat, . Minār Ennivayuṃ
the Birla Ñān Kaṇṭu.
Mandir
and the
Qutub
Minar in
New
Delhi.
Uma- : Uma: Atinuśēṣaṃ
Where did ? Eviṭeyokke Pōyi.?
you go
afterward?
Papa— . Acchan: Pinniṭ Ñān
After that I Bōmbekk Pōyi. At
went to Bhāratattile Ēṟṟavuṃ
Bombay. Valiya
Bombay is Tuṟamukhamāṇ.
the biggest
port of
India.
Uma-Then : Uma: Kaṭaluṃ
you must Valiya
have seen . Kappalukaḷum
the sea and Kaṇṭukāṇumallē.
big ships
also.
Papa— : , Acchan: Ate Ñān
Yes, I have Orupāṭ Kappaluka!
seen many Kaṇṭu.
ships.
Uma-Papa, : Uma: Acchan
did you ? ĀgrayiIPōyillē?
not go to
Agra?
Papa—Oh . , Acchan: Ate Ñān
yes, I went Āgrayil Pōyirunnu.
to Agra Oru Divasaṃ Koṇṭ
also and . Ñān Madhuraykkuṃ
visited the Pōyi.
Taji, and
dropped at
Mathura
too, for a
day.
Uma-Will : Uma: Acchā Niṅṅa!
you please Kaṇṭa
point out Sthalaṅṅaḷeyellāṃ
on the map ? Mēppil Kāṇiccu
the places Tarāmō.?
you
visited,
papa?
Papa— : , Acchan:Tīrccayāyuṃ
Why not, Nī Mēpp Koṇṭuvā
my child, . Ñān Ellāṃ Kāṇiccu
bring the Tarāṃ.
map. I will
show you
everything.
Uma- : , Uma: Acchā Nandi
Thank you Ñānṟe Sahapāṭi
Papa. Satyakattōṭoppaṃ
. Varāṃ.
Papa— , Acchan: Śari
O.K. my , . Aṅṅaneyākaṭṭe Kuṭṭī.
child.
48TH STEP
THE VILLAGER & THE URBANITE

Grāmavāsiyuṃ Paṭṭaṇavāsiyuṃ.
Urbaninte— : Nagaravāsi: Nī
How are ? Eṅṅaneyirikkunnu Vaḷare
you! I am Nāḷukaḷkk Śēṣamāṇ Ñān
Seeing you Ninne Kāṇunnat.
after a very
long time.
Villager— : , Grāmavāsi: Ate Suhṟttē,
Yes friend, I Ñān Oru Pratyēka
have come . Kāryattināyi Iviṭe
here on a Vannatāṇ Innu Rātri
particular . Tiriccu Pōkuṃ.
business and
will return
back this
night.
Urbanite— : Nagaravāsi: Entē Itra
Why So Peṭṭenn Paṭṭaṇattil
Soon? Do Tāmasikkuvān
you hesitate ? lșṭakēṭunṭō?
to Stay in
towns?
Villager— : Grāmavāsi: Unte Enikku
Yes . patanaṃ Iṣṭamalla Aviṭatte
gentleman, I Vṛttikeṭṭa Antarīkṣathil
don’t like Occappāṭuṃ Tirakkuṃ
town at all. I Illāte Eṅṅane
do not find Āsvadikkāṃ.
any pleasure .
in the filthy
atmosphere
of the towns.
Hustle and
bustle
irritates me.
Urbanite— : , Nagar: Āścaryaṃ Tanne
Wonder! Jīvitaṃ Occa Pāṭuṃ
HOW can Tirakkuṃ Illāte Eṅṅane a
you enjoy . n d Āsvadikkāṃ
life without Grāmat h e ttinṟe
hustle Śāntatayaṃ Niśabdavuṃ
bustle? I Sahi Kkuvān Paṟṟill Enne
would not . Atu Bhrāntu Piṭippikkuṃ.
bear
calmness and
Silence of
the village. It
would make
me mad.
Villager— : Grāmavāsi: Ellām
Everyman Manuṣyanuṃattitude,
has his own Avanṟe Abhiprāyaṃ Uṇṭ
but I much Ennāl Ñān garamam
love the rural . Saundaryaṃ
beauty. Āsvadikkunnu.
Urbanite— : Nagaravasi: Ādhunika
Are you Kālatte Enteṅkiluṃ
getting Kaśyaṇ Niṅṅaḷuṭe
Something ? Grāmattil Kiṭṭunnuṇṭō.?
of this
modern age
in your
village?
Villager— : Grāmavāsi: Grāmattil
The thing Kiṭṭunnat Orikkaluṃ
which can be . Paṭṭaṇattil Labhikkilla.
got in the
village can
never be got
in the town.
Urbanite— : , Nagarattil: Ō Ninakk
Oh! Do you Niśabdamāya live
want to in Antarīkṣattil Tanne
quiet : , Jīvikkaṅō. Sinima,
atmosphere , Kaḷikavi notagal Maṟṟuṃ
alone? Will Sāmūhikapravarithananga
your life not Niṅṅaḷuṭe Jīvitaṃ Niṟaṃ
be dull . Keṭṭu Pōkilla.
without
cinema,
sports and
other Social
activities?
Villager—I : Grāmavāsi: Atāṇ
think that , Kūṭimeccamenn,
will be much Paṭṭaṇaṃ Tīrccaykkuṃ
better. Of Manuṣya Jīvane Tanne
course the . Oru Yantramākki a
town had kkiyiṭṭuṇṭ.
made the
human life
machine.
Urbanite— : Nagaravāsi: Pakṣe Oru
But can a Mahā Nagaraṅṅaḷ Illāte
nation Rājyatt Abhivṟddhi
prosper ? Uṇṭākumō?
without its
great cities?
Villager— : Grāmavāsi: Pakṣe
But never Nammuṭe
forget that NāiṭinṟeYathārtthattil
the . Aṭittaṟa Grāmaṅṅaḷil
foundation Kiṭakkunnu. Ennat
of our nation Orikkaluṃ Maṟannukūṭa
really lies on Grāmaviṅṅḷuṭe Rājyattin
its village. . Purōga Mikkānāvilla.
Without the
improvement
of the
village, the
nation
cannot
progress.
Urbanite—I : Nagaravāsi: Ñān Atu
admit it, but . Sammatikkunnu. Ennāluṃ
I don’t think Ñān Nagaraṃ Viṭunnatine
of leaving Kuṟicc Cintikkunnilla.
the cities. .
Villager— : Grāmavāsi: Nalla
Thank you . Vākkukaḷkk Nandi. Ñān
for the . Ippōḷ Dhṛtiyilān.
pleasant talk. Samayaṃ Kiṭṭunpōḷ
Now I am in Vīṇṭuṃ Namukk
a hurry. We . Saṃsārikkāṃ. Salām.
shall talk
again
whenever we
find time.
Goodbye.
Urbanite— : Nagaravāsi: Vīṇṭuṃ
Bye-bye See Kāṇām Viṭa.
you again.
49TH STEP
THE DOCTOR & THE PATIENT

Ḍōkṭaṟuṃ Rōgiyuṃ
Patient— : Rōgi:
Good . Namaskkāraṃ
morning, Ḍōkṭar. Kuṟacc
doctor Can ? Nimiṣaṅṅa!
you spare Enikkāyi
me a few Cilavaẕikkāmō?
minutes?
Doctor— : Vaidyan: Entu
Why not? ? Koṇṭilla? Irikku
Sit down... lppō!? Paṟayu
Now, tell me ? Niṅṅaḷkk Entānu
what is Kuẕāppaṃ?
wrong with
you?
Patient—I : Rōgi: Enikk
have lost my Āhārattōṭ
appetite. I Tālparyamilla
am always Eppōzuṃ Ñān.
suffering Dahanakēṭināl
from . Kaṣṭappeṭunnu.
indigestion. Mōśamāya
And what is Kāryaṃ Ñān
worse, I Rātri
cannot sleep UṟakkamillāTta
well at tāṇatiluṃ Kaṣṭaṃ
night.
Doctor—I : Vaidyan:
See. What ? Aṅṅaneyō Niṅṅaḷ
are you? Entu Ceyyunnu?
Patient—I : Rōgi: Ñān Oru
am a senior ( Accaṭiśālayil
proof reader Sīniyar Phrūph
in a well . Riḍaṟāyi Jōli
established Ceyyunnu.
printing Vaḷareyadhikaṃ
press. I have . Samayaṃ Ñān
to Work Enṟe Kasērayil
long hours Irunn Jōli
on my seat. Ceyyēṇṭatuṇṭ.
Doctor— : Daivyan:
Are you Vaikunnēraṃ
habitual of ? Naṭakkuvān
evening Pōkunna Śīlaṃ
Walk? Uṇṭā?
Patient—No : Rōgi: IIla Ḍōkṭar
doctor, I do Ñān Vaikunnēraṃ
not go for a Naṭakkuvān
walk in the Pōkaṟilla Ñān
evening. I . Vīṭṭil Ettunpō!
feel very Vaḷareyadhikaṃ
tired when I . Kṣīnaṃ
get home, I Tōnnunnu. Ñān
simply take Āhāraṃ Kaẕicciṭṭ
my food and Uṭane Kiṭakkān
go to bed. Pōkuṃ.
Doctor—AS : Vaidyan:
I think, your Niṅṅaḷuṭe
troubles are Prayāsaṅṅa!
due to your Ellāṃ Niṅṅaḷuṭe
indisciplined Kramaṃ Teṟṟiya
life. Take a . Jīvita Rīti
rest and do koṇṭāṇennu Ñān
proper . Karutunnu. Nalla
physical Viśramaṃ Ețutt
labour. Śārīrikamāya
Jōlikaḷ Ceyyuka.
Patient—I : Rōgi: Niṅṅaḷ
agree with Paṟaññatuśariyāṇ
you. I could EnikkVaḷare
not get any . Kālamāyi Oru
leave for a Avadhipōluṃ
longtime. Labhiccilla.
Doctor— : Vaidyan: Kuṟaccu
Well. I Nā! Nāṭṭin Puṟatt
advise you Pōyi Tuṟanna
to go to the Antarīkṣattil
countryside viśramikkukayuṃ
for Some Vātilukaḷ
Rest in the Tuṟannu
open air, Vaykkukayuñ
keeping the Ceyyuka
open. Nalkānuḷḷa Enṟe
Upadēśaṃ.
Take a walk Rāvileyuṃ
in the . Vaikunnēravuṃ
morning . Națakkuvān
evening. Pōkaṇaṃ.
Improve ( Āhāram Nannāyi
your diet. Be . Kaẕikkuka.
regular in Viśrama ttiluṃ
rest and Urakkattiluṃ
sleep. Kramaṃ
Pālikkuka
I think by Itu Ceytāl
following Niṅṅaḷkk Ētānuṃ
these Divasaṅṅakkuḷḷil
instructions Tanne
you will be Ellādbhedamāk
all right in a kumennāṇ Ñān
very short Karutunnat.
period.
Patient— : , Rōgi: Nandi,
Thank you, Dōkṭdr Ñān
doctor I Niṇṇaḷuṭe
shall follow ! Nirddēśaṃ
your Śarikkuṃ
instructions Anusarikkāṃ
positively. Nandi
Thanks!
Doctor— : Vaidyan:
Please visit Dayavāyi Ennė
me after ten . Pattu Divasaṃ
days. I think Koẕiññ Niṅṅaḷkk
you will . Bhēdap pețumenn
improve. Ñān Karutunnu.
50TH STEP
SELF-INTRODUCTION
.
1. My name is .
Shahnaz.
2. I am an
Indian and I .
live in Pune.
3. I have just . . .
completed B.A.
4. I am a virgin.
5. I am a
student and
studying in 10th
class.
6. My father is . . .
Senior officer in
P.M.T.
7. I have two
brothers and .
three Sisters.
8. My elder
brother is an .
engineer.
9. My younger
brother is kind .
hearted.
10. Minaz, ,
Gulnar and
Minr Dilshad .
are my younger
sisters.
11. They are
more intelligent .
than me.
12. My aim in
life is to be a
Scientist.
13. I go to
School by .
bicycle.
14. I get up
somewhat late .
in the morning.
15. I know, this .
is a bad habit.
16. I am .
ashamed of it.
17. Really, I am .
helpless.
18. I intend to
improve my .
habit
19. I hope, I
will overpower
it.
20. I seek the
help of my .
family
karmaiṅmember
to eradicate this
bad habit.
21. I take a bath
and thank God .
for his grace.
22. I have some
pen friends too. .
23. I write to
them now and .
then.
24. I respect my .
elders and love
those who are
younger.
25. My ,
mothertongue is .
Marathi, ERE
also.
26. I shall Stay
in Delhi for two .
days more.
27. I will visit , ,
Red Qutab , -
Minar, Jama
Masjid, Dargah-
e-Nizamuddin
and Birla
Mandir.
28. First of all, I
am an Indian. I .
love all my .
countrymen.
29. I want to be
a useful citizen
of my nation
30. I shall go to
England for furt
her Studies this
year
31. I don’t
believe in
formality.
32. I cordially
thank you very
for your
hospitality.
33. Finally, I
hope youwill
over look my .
faults.
34. I wish to be .
always sincere
to everyone
APPENDIX
IDIOMS & PROVERS
/
(Śailikaḷuṃ /Paẕañcollukaḷuṃ)
IDIOMS (śailikaḷ)
1. The only Ēkāśrayaṃ
support
( )
2. ldiot. Nirakṣarakukṣi.
( )
3. To be fooled Viḍḍiyākuka.
(
.)
4. To do self- Svayaṃ
praise. Pukaẕttuka.
(
.)
5. To give a Paravatāni
warm welcome. . Virikkuka.
(
.)
6. Very lovely. . Kaṇṇiluṇṇi.
( .)
7. Eye-Sore. Kaṇṇile Puṇṇ i
( .)
8. A world a . Bhagīratha
difference. Prayatnaṃ
(
.)
9. A wolf in Āṭṭintōlaṇiñña
sheep’s clothing Cennāya.
(
.)
10. To destroy Taviṭu Poṭiyākkuka.
completely
(
.)
11. Rare visits. Attipūttopōle.
(
.)
12. To find fault. Viralcūṇṭuka.
(
.)
13. To carry coal Kollakkuṭiyil
to Newcastle Sūcivilkkuka.
(
.)
14. A little Kaṭukiṭe
difference. . Vyatyāsaṃ.
( ?)
15. To treat good Orē Taṭṭil Kāṇuka
and bad in the
same way.
(
.)
16. To work Ellu Muṟiye
hard. . Jōliceyyuka
(
.)
17. Dummy Onninuṃ Koḷḷāttat.
(
.)
18. An easy job. . Niṣprayāsaṃ.
( .)
19. To die in the . Vīramṛtyu.
battle-field
( .)
20. To rip up old Paẕampuṇṇil
sores Kuttivalikkuka.
(
.)
21. To show . Āḍambara Jīvitaṃ.
great pleasure.
(
.)
22. To add Muṟivil
injuries to the . Upputēkkuka.
wounds.
(
.)
23. To take to Jīvanuṃ Koṇṭōṭuka
one’s heels.
( .)
24. To die. Antyaśvāsaṃ
Valikkuka
(
.)
25. To flatter. . Bhaṅgivākk
Paṟayuka
( .)
26. To force out . Piṭiviṭuvikkuka.
of gear
(
.)
27. To embrace. Āliṅganaṃ

Ceyyuka.
(
.)
28. To dig a pit. Kuẕi Tōṇṭuka
( .)
29. Halka hona. Hṛdayabhāraṃ
. Kuṟakkuka.
( .)
30. To try one’s Paramāvadhi
level best. Śramikkuka
( .)
31. To live in Jīvitaṃ Kaṣṭattilāyi
difficulty
( .)
32. To roam . Teṇṭittiriyuka.
aimlessly
(
.)
33. To add fuel to Eritīyil
the flames. . Eṇṇayoẕikkuka.
(
.)
34. To give a flat Teṟikkuttaraṃ.
denial. . Muṟippattal.
(
.)
35. To . Muṭṭukuttuka.
acknowledge
defeat
( )
36. To be . Nakṣatrameṇṇuka
anxious.
( .)
37. To die Cakraśvāsaṃ
Valikuka
( .)
38. To be Tīyillāte Pukayilla
something wrong .
at the bottom
(
.)
39. To show a Vāluṃ Curuṭṭi
clean pair of Yōṭuka.
heels.
( .)
40. To run about. . Neṭṭōṭṭaṃ Ōṭuka.
( .)
41. By leaps and Nāḷkku Nāḷ
bounds
( .)
42. To vanquish . Maṇṇu
Kappikkuka.
( .
.)
43. To ruin. Maṇṇōṭ
Maṇṇākkuka
( .)
44. To run away. . Apratyakṣa
mākuka.
( .)
45. To Poṭippuṃ
exaggerate a a Toṅṅaluṃ Cērtt.
thing
(
.)
46. To get no . Uṟakkaṃ Kețuka.

sleep
(
.)
47. To insult . Talappāvūrikkuka
(
.)
48. To reveal a Cenpupuṟattākkuka.
secret
(
)
49. To conceal. Maṟaykkuka.
( .)
50. To be much Lajjicc
ashamed. Talatāẕttuka.
(
.)
51. To destroy. . Veḷḷattilākki.
(
.)
52. To weep Poṭṭikarayuka
bitterly.
(
.)
53. To be Ānanda Sāgara
overjoyed. ttilāṟaṭuka
(
.)
PROVERBS
./Paẕañcoll
1. Among Mūkkillā Rājyatt
the blind Muṟimūkkan
the one- Rājāv.
eyed is
king.
2. Empty . Niṟakuṭaṃ
vessels Tսḷunpilla.
make the
most
noise.
3. If one is Manaṃ Nannāyāl
good, the . Ellāṃ Nannākuṃ.
world is
good.
4. Rōgaṃ Vann
Prevention Cikitsikkunnatiluṃ
is better . Bhēdaṃ Varāte
than cure. Taṭayunnatāṇ.
5. Hurry . Amitavēgaṃ
spoils Āpatt.
curry.
6. To kill Oru Veṭikk Raṇṭu
two birds . Pakṣi.
with one
Stone.
7. Caṭṭiyiluṇṭeṅkilē
Handsome . Āppayil Varu.
is that
handsome
does.
8. Nearer Viḷakkin Cuṟṟuṃ
the church . Uruṭṭ.
further
from
heaven.
9. While Payye Tinnāl
there is . Panayuṃ Tinnāṃ.
life there’s
hope.
10. Where Muḷḷillāte Ṟōsāppū
there are . Illa.
flowers,
there are
thorns.
11. Might Kayyūkkuḷḷavan
is right. . Kāryakkāran.
12. The Dāridryamaṟiñña
Wearer varkkē pāril Para
best . klēśamaṟivatuḷḷu.
knows
where the
shoe
pinches.
13. As the . Yathārājā Taṭhā
king so are Praja.
the
subjects.
14. Be a Nāṭōṭunpōḷ Naṭuve
Roman . Ōṭaṇaṃ.
when you
are in
Rome.
15. Kurakkuṃ Paṭṭi
Barking . kaṭikkilla.
dogs
Seldom
bite.
16. A little Arimaṇiyonnu
pot is soon . koṟikkānilla.
hot. Tarivaḷayonnu
. Kilukkān Mōhaṃ.
17. Money Paṇaṃ Koṇṭeṟiññē
begets . Paṇattēkoḷḷu.
money.
18. A bird Kayyile Oru Pakṣi
in hand is Paḷḷiyile
better than o Raṇṭinekkāḷuṃ
two in the Meccaṃ.
bush.
19. A bad Āṭān Vayyātta Naṭi
workman Araṅṅu mati
blames the . yāvillenn
tools. Paṟayuka.
20. A little . Alpajñānaṃ Āpatt.
knowledge
is a
dangerous
thing.
21. To live Kāṟṟuḷḷappōḷ
in Rome . Tāṟṟuka.
and strife
with the
Pope.
22. No . Viyarkkāte
pain, no Appaṃ.
gain.
23. The Koñcal Tuḷḷiyāl
priest goes . Muṭṭōḷaṃ.
no further
than the
church.
24. Muḷḷu Muḷḷukoṇṭ
Diamond . Eṭukkannu.
cuts
diamond.
25. Maunaṃ Vidvānu
Silence is Bhūṣaṇaṃ
golden.
MALAYALAM-ENGLISH DICTIONARY
-
Classified Glossary
1. Relations
Uncle
Aunt
Sister-in-law
Grandfather
Grandmother
Son-in-law
Grandfather
Wife
Father
Son
Daughter-in-law
Daughter
Sister
Nephew
Niece
Brother
Mother
2. Domestic Articles
Almirah
Chair
Scissors
Glass
Mat
Spoon
Key
Bed
Stove
Umbrella
3. Stationery
Newspaper
Pin
Pen
Paper
Wire
Inkpot
pencil
Map
Divider
Pencil
File
Tape
Seal
Rubber stamp
Waste-paper
Envelope
Ink
Blotting paper
4. Parts of the body

Finger
Thumb
Eye
Lip
Heel
Shoulder
Waist
Ear
Skull
Neck
Throat
Cheek
Knee
Skin
Face
Chest
Breast
5. Ailments
Leprosy
Constipation
Cough
Rheumatism
Tumour
Dumb
Guiddiness
Sneeze
Fever
Asthma
Stone
Sweat
Insanity
Pus
Jaundice
Dysentery
Boil
Piles
Diabetes
Urine
Cholera.
6. Cloths & wearing

Napkin
Shirt
Blanket
Coat
Sheet
Towel
Shawl
Trousers
Cotton
Silk
Gown
Turban
7. Ornaments
Ring
Bangle
Gratnel
Coral
8. Flowers, Fruits & Vegetables ,
Mango
Potato
Grape
Fig
Sugarcane
Lotus
Papaya
Mint
Plant
Onion
Cauliflower
Cabbage
Plum
Brinjal
Garlic
Apple
9. Minerals
Coal
Silver
Copper
Mercury
Brass
Tin
Lead
Iron
10. Cereals & Eatables
Cornflour
Coffee
Wheat
Gram
Cake
Tea
Sugar
Barley
Oil
Curd
Pulse
Honey
11. Occupations
Teacher
Farmer
Postman
Doctor
Oilman
Tailor
Dentist
Shopkeeper
Carpenter
Beggar
Gardener
12. Animals
camel
dog
rabbit
Donkey
Cow
Horse
Mouse
Tail
Sheep
Lamb
Fox
Bull
Jackal
Lion
Pig
Deer
Elephant
13. Birds
Egg
Owl
Pigeon
Cuckoo
Crow
Eagle
Wing
Cage
Nightingale
Cock
Hen
Peacock
Crane
Swan
SOME IMPORTANT MALAYALAM VERBS
to feel uneasy
to cover the body .
to be held up
to feel lazy
to come
to behave in self
conceited manner
to provoke
to be dislocated
to dislocate
to grow
to talk out
to withdraw from
to jump
to be ruined
to raise
to lift up
to fly
to unload
to unsew
to bulge out
to overflow
to doze
to twist
to Orackle
to cut
to earn
to do
to tighten
to say
to tremble
to pinch
to eat
to tease
to play
to waste
to sing
to count
to fall
to cause
to ruin
to pass
to growl
to enter
to wander
to get down
to encircle
to dissolve
to feel dizzy
to taste
to rise
to walk
to shine
to lick
to wish .
to steal
to snatch
to get released
to go
to know
to win
to plough
to quarrel
to swing
to stroll
to postpone .
to put in
to cover
to long for
to guess
to break
to stop
to run
to curse
to take out
to maintain
to carry on
to catch
to be digested
to throw down
to read
to arrive
to wear
to bring up
to beat
to grind
to call
to enter
to wipe
to be entrapped
to rebuke
to go round
to swell
to throw
to chatter
to increase
to tell
to change
to make
to rain
to spoil
to sit
to speak
to turn
to put
to memorize
to live
to stop
to appear
to engage
to hang
to fold
to Cross
to load
to write
to get
to return
to sacrifice
to think
to arrange
to decorate
to decay
to irrigate
to learn
to Stitch
to hear
to dry up
to occur to one’s mind
to laugh
to amuse
to stammer
to swallow
to seize
to pant
to lose
to be moved
to be seen
to see
to revise

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Learn Malayalam in 30 Days Through English 9789352781355

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The book primarily attempts to introduce those whose mother tongue is not

Malayalam to learning of Malayalam by the most natural and the simplest

Editor: Malayam Edition

Published by : Diamond Pocket Books (P) Ltd.

Learn Malayalam in 30 Days Through English

The greatest sensation of life is to learn a language. One has to closely

— Krishna Gopal Vikal

47. About A Trip/

49. The Doctor & The Patient/

WELCOME YOU ALL

It shows that you intend to learn Malayalam. It is a matter of pleasure to us.

In Indian languages, Malayalam is very important one. And it is a spoken

Sentence of Greetings in Conversation:

In Malayalam, there are no separate clauses for timely salutations as in

While meeting ( ) Kaṇṭumuṭṭunpōḷ

While departing ( ) Viṭapaṟayunpōḷ

Good wishes ( ) Śubhāśaṃsakaḷ

In Malayalam, all Indians can say (Namaskāraṃ) or

Recognise and pronounce—

In Malayalam, there are two classes of vowels.

* is different from in Pronunciation. Actually i is used in

* No equal sound in English

HOW TO WRITE ALPHABET?

VOWELS & THEIR ABBREVIATED FORMS

1.(i) Syllabic forms of vowels are used separately. As—

Kō Kau Kaṃ Kaḥ Kum Ka:

Ḍha Ḍhā Ḍhi Ḍhī Ḍhu Ḍhū Ḍhṛ Ḍe Ḍē Ḍai

Ḍha Ḍhā Ḍhi Ḍhī Ḍhu Ḍhū Ḍhṛ Ḍe Ḍē Ḍai

Making words by combining vowels with consonants

this vowel is used to write like as this forms, also.

VI Combining the vowel , (E,) (Ē), (Ai) with consonants

Combining the vowel , , with consonants

1. The abbrviated form of vowels is put with the Consonants

these conjuncts can be separated in this way.

(Saṃyuktavarṇṇaṃ) - When two consonants

Let us learn some words constituted with various conjuncts

1. Group of two or more consonants or vowels are conjuncts

THE PARTS OF SPEECH

Both the Ākhya and the Ākhyātaṃ may consist of

Read out the following—

There are 19 kinds of pronouns in Malayalam.

(father) (mother) (stone)

3. Some suffixes to be added with nouns to make different gender forms.

CASE & POST-POSITIONS OF NOUNS

There are three a pronouns in Malayalam.

he She that that, the

this man this girl this thing this thing

Let us use some pronouns as in the following sentences:

the pronouns (thangal) (Ningal) (Nee) have

is used in addressing one’s seniors. is used with a

There are six types of Adjectives in Malayalam.

One k.g. rice.

2. (Akarmmakakriya) Intransitive Verbs

Transitive and intransitive verbs have two parts -

5. Nilkku Stand Nilkkuka

(vidhi Rūpaṅṅa!) Imperative Mood

The imperative mood is used when we give commands, an order or make a

Nī, Niṅṅaḷ, Tāṅkaḷ,